675. JASMINUM MULTIPARTITUM Oleaceae Martyn Rix Summary. Jasminum multipartitum Hochst. is described and illustrated from material flowering at Kew. Its distribution is given and suggestions for its cultivation are provided. Peter S. Green (1920–2009) published his first paper on Jasminum in 1961, the result of work carried out at the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, but published while he was on the staff of the Arnold Arboretum. After five years he moved to the Herbarium at Kew and spent the rest of his working life there, ending his career as Keeper, and continuing to work on Oleaceae throughout his retirement. Between 1961 and 2009, he published about 20 papers on Jasminum, covering species from all over the world, and his last publication, The genus Jasminum in cultivation, completed by Diana Miller, appeared shortly before his death (Green & Miller, 2009). Jasminum multipartitum Hochst., the subject of this plate, is found in many parts of southern Africa, mainly in summer-rainfall areas, from Zimbabwe and Mozambique south to the Eastern Cape in South Africa. It grows in rocky places, as a shrub or a robust climber, scrambling over other shrubs and onto trees at the margins of woods. It was described by C. F. Hochstetter in 1844, in a paper on the plants collected in South Africa by Dr Ferdinand Krauss (1812–1890) between 1838 and 1840. Krauss visited South Africa at the instigation of Baron von Ludwig, a naturalist who had business interests in South Africa, was chairman of the first South African Mining company, and the creator and owner of the first botanical garden, Ludwig’s-burg in Cape Town; James Bowie, a Kew-trained gardener, was superintendent. A letter to Sir William Hooker from von Ludwig mentioned that W. H. Harvey was leaving Cape Colony and bringing a collection of seeds and bulbs for Glasgow Botanic Garden. He praised Harvey’s work, particularly a drawing of Aphyteia hydnora (Hydnora africana Thunb.), which he said would look good in The Botanical Magazine, and he described the work of other collectors (McCracken, 2007; Aluka, 2010). (Hydnora was never published but see the recent Vol. 26 (2010), pp. 293 and 398). 140 Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 2010 vol. 27 (2): pp. 140–146  The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2010. Plate 675 Jasminum multipartitum christabel king Krauss arrived in South Africa in 1837 and was one of the earliest naturalists to make significant collections in Natal, which he visited in 1839 (Spohr, 1973; Skead, 2009). Apart from a few new species described in a preliminary paper by Hochstetter at the same time as this Jasminum, Krauss published his collection in 1846, as Pflanzen des Cap- und Natal-Landes, gesammelt und zusammen-gestellt von Dr. Ferdinand Krauss, which included marine algae as well as flowering plants. Krauss collected crustaceans and molluscs as well as plants, and published his list of South African Crustacea in 1843, and Mollusca in 1848. He became director of Stuttgart museum in 1856. Jasminum multipartitum can be recognized by its simple, dark green leathery leaves without acarodomatia; these are small tufts of hair in pits in the axils of the main veins beneath the leaves, often inhabited by mites. The flowers, which have 7–11 corolla lobes, are borne singly or, rarely, in a group of three. They are generally pink or purplish in bud, pure white on the inner face of the corolla lobes and are sweetly scented, particularly in the evening. They are pollinated by hawk-moths (Viljoen, 2004, accessed 2009). The leaves are particularly variable in size and shape: among the specimens at Kew, the closest to the form illustrated here is from close to Uitenhage, near Port Elizabeth in the eastern Cape. The specimen with the smallest leaves was collected at Estcourt, northwest of Pietermaritzburg in Natal. The fruits are initially green and become black and very fleshy as they ripen. They are said to be eaten by local people when better food is scarce. There were reports that they were poisonous, but their toxicity was tested at the Vetinerary Laboratory at Onderstepoort; rabbits were not harmed by the fruits (Verdoorn, 1956, 1958). All African Jasminum species found south of the Sahara have white flowers, and several are closely-related to J. multipartitum. The South African J. glaucum (L. f.) Aiton, confined to the west and southwest Cape, differs in its narrower, glaucous leaves at least three times as long as wide and its 5–7 broad corolla lobes (Green & Miller, 2009). J. streptopus E. Mey. subsp. transvaalensis (S. Moore) I. Verd., from the Natal coast and Midlands, is hairy and has acarodomatia in the vein axils; the flowers are on long slender pedicels. A fourth species J. stenolobum Rolfe, from the same area, has short thick pedicels and no acarodomatia, but is conspicuously pubescent. J. brachyscyphum  The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2010. 143 G F K B E A D C I J H Fig. 1. Jasminum multipartitum. A, flower and 2 leaves, × 1; B, detail of node below flower, × 4; C, portion of corolla opened out, × 2; D, stamen, 2 views, × 6; E, l.s. gynoecium and calyx, × 3; F, calyx lobe, × 12; G, detail of hairs from calyx lobe, × 30; H, style and stigma, × 2; I, J, stigmatic surface (2 views), × 6; K, t. s. ovary, × 6. Drawn by Christabel King from material cultivated at Kew. Baker, described from the Shire Highlands in Malawi, (Buchanan 224, holotype K), which has sometimes been considered a form of J. multipartitum, differs in its several-flowered inflorescence and 5–6 corolla lobes. It is generally a more tropical plant (Kupicha, 1983), and has also been found on Mlanje and Mount Malosa. Cultivation. In South Africa, where Jasminum multipartitum is commonly cultivated, it is called starry jasmine and two forms are recognized. One has larger flowers, 4–5 cm across, and it is that form which is illustrated here. The flowers are borne mostly singly and the habit is woody and bushy, with some long twining shoots formed 144  The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2010. in summer. The second form is more of a climber and produces more flowers, though the individual flowers are smaller. In South Africa light shade is recommended, but in cooler areas the plants will tolerate full sun. (Viljoen, 2004, accessed 2009). Both forms can tolerate light frosts. The plant illustrated here was grown in an unheated greenhouse in Devon, and flowered in spring after being kept rather dry in winter. It was received from The Plantsman Nursery, which specializes in climbing plants, through the kindness of Guy Sissons. Jasminum multipartitum Hochst. ex Krauss, Flora 27: 825 (1844). Type: Port Natal, woods near Durban bay, 1840, Krauss 458 (K!). Jasminum oleaecarpum Baker, Kew Bull. 1895:95 (1895) pro parte. Type: Mozambique: Tette and on the Zambesi at Senna ( J. multipartitum); banks of the Rovuma river and Tette, Sir John Kirk ( J. stenolobum). Jasminum glaucum var. parvifolium E. Mey. Type: Bothasberg, Albany, Drege. description. An evergreen bushy scrambling shrub to 2 m or more, the young shoots finely hairy. Leaves evergreen, leathery, dark green, glabrous, without acarodomatia, oblong to ovate oblong or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5–5 × 0.4–2.5 cm; petiole articulated about midway or in lower half, papillose on adaxial edge. Bracts linear, to 5 mm or more. Calyx lobes subulate, papillose on the adaxial surface, 3–7 mm long. Calyx tube 2–3 mm long. Inflorescence one-flowered, or rarely three-flowered, on short side shoots. Flowers heterostylous: in short-styled flowers, stamens in mouth of tube; in long-styled flowers stamens within the tube and stigmas exserted. Corolla tube pinkish or purplish, 3–5 cm long; corolla lobes pure white, 7–11, linear-lanceolate to elliptic, 15–30 mm long, 3–8 mm wide. Stamens 2, anthers ovate-lanceolate, pointed at apex, rounded at base, 2 mm long. Style to 6 cm with two stigmas. Ovules 2; berries 1 or 2, glossy, ellipsoid, to 1.5 cm long. green becoming black on ripening. Distribution. Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Traansvaal, Swaziland, East Cape, as far west as Uitenhage district. Habitat. Rocky slopes, roadsides, kopjes (hills) in bushveld, margins of woods. Flowering time. August to January (in Africa). REFERENCES Aluka. (2010). Letter from Baron von Ludwig [Carl Reichenbach] to Sir William Jackson Hooker; from Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa; 3 April 1836; three page letter comprising three images; folio 191 [accessed February 2010]. Green, P. & Miller, D. (2009). The Genus Jasminum in Cultivation. Kew Publishing, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.  The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2010. 145 Kupicha, F. (1983). Jasminum L. In: Launert, E. (ed.) Flora Zambesiaca, vol. 7 (1): 311. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. McCracken, D.P. (2007). Plant Hunting and the Provenance of South African Plants in British Botanical Magazines 1787–1910. Published online at http://lettereold.humnet.unipi.it/ai/books2/world /06%20 MacCracken.pdf [accessed February 2010]. Skead, C.J. (compiler) (2009). Historical plant incidence in southern Africa. Strelitzia 24: 287–289. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria. Spohr, O.H. (editor) (1973). Ferdinand Krauss Travel Journal/Cape to Zululand. Balkema, Cape Town. Verdoorn, I.C. (1956). The Oleaceae of Southern Africa. Bothalia 6: 567, t.9. Verdoorn, I.C. (1958). Flowering Plants of Africa 32: pl. 1272. Viljoen, Cherise. (2004). Jasminum multipartitum Hochst. in www.plantzafrica.com [accessed February 2010]. 146  The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew 2010.