zyxwvutsrqp zyxwv zyxwvu zyxw Botanical Journal o f t h e Linnean Society (1993), 112: 33-42. With 3 figures Rhus ciliata and Rhus tridactyla, two hitherto confused species of southern African Anacardiaceae R. 0. MOFFETT, F.L.S. Department of Botany, Qwaqwa Branch of the University o f the North, Private Bag X13, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, R.S.A. zyxwv zyxwvut Received March 1992, accepted for publication December 1992 MOFFETT, R. O., 1993. Rhus ciliafa and Rhus tridactyla, two hitherto confused species of southern African Anacardiaceae. Rhus ciliata Licht. ex Schult. is a wiry, dwarf shrub occurring in Namibia, Botswana and South Africa. Rhus tridactyla Burch. is a wiry shrub which occurs only in the northern Cape Province. A superficial resemblance to R. ciliata has led to these two species being confused and this is especially so where they are sympatric. New descriptions of these unrelated species and a table showing the diagnostic differences between them are provided. ADDITIONAL KEY WORDS:-Identification - taxonomy. CONTENTS Introduction . . Rhus ciliata . . Rhus tridactyla . . Acknowledgements References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33 34 39 41 41 INTRODUCTION During his extensive travels in the interior of southern Africa the celebrated naturalist-collector William Burchell collected two species of Rhus in the northern Cape in September 18 1 1. He subsequently named them Rhus concinnum Burch. and Rhus tridactyla Burch., respectively (Burchell, 1822). Rhus concinnum, the pretty rhus, was gathered near Klaarwater (Griquatown) and Rhus tridactyla, the three fingered rhus, near the Asbestos Hills. Unknown to Burchell Rhus concinnum had two years previously been published as R. ciliata Licht. ex Schult., the type being a Lichtenstein specimen from Grootte River Poort, northern Cape (Schultes, 1820). Burchell was a meticulous collector and, no doubt due to his slow progress by ox wagon, an exceptionally keen observer. I n the Kew Herbarium are many species of flowering plants which Burchell collected for the first time and gave manuscript names but unfortunately never published. Why then, if Burchell clearly recognized the discreteness of R. ciliata and R. tridactyla, have these species 0024-4074/93/050033 + 10 $08.00/0 zyxwvut 0 1993 The Linnean Society of London 34 zyxwvutsr zyxwvut zyxwvu R. 0. MOFFETT become confused? There are two main reasons: first, the species are superficially alike especially if they are sterile, and secondly in his seminal revision of the South African species of Rhus, Schonland included R. tridactyla in the synonomy of R. ciliata (Schonland, 1930). It cannot be denied that in the areas where they are sympatric, botanists to this day have difficulty in separating the two species. However, this is usually only if the specimens are without fruit as the drupe morphology is distinctly different. Because Rhus species are dioecious and even the female plants are seldom found with mature fruit due to frugivory, this is a very real problem and one of the prime reasons why botanists have difficulty in correctly determining the names of Rhus species. My recent revision of the southern African species of Rhus would have been virtually impossible had I not placed special emphasis on field studies and drupe morphology (Moffett, 1993). I n his revision, Schonland apparently paid scant attention to the drupes of these two species and did Burchell a great injustice by equating them. According to Schonland: ‘It is impossible to separate R. tridactyla and R. ciliata. Hairy specimens may be found in localities with glabrous forms. Armed or unarmed specimens occur also in the same localities. There is also some variety in the shape of the leaflets, in the conspicuousness of the lateral veins, in the breadth of the petiole, etc.’ (Schonland, 1930: 82). The variability referred to by Schonland concerns only R. ciliata. Rhus tridactyla, in contrast, is extremely uniform. Most herbaria with southern African material have understandably arranged their Rhus collections according to Schonland’s revision and have thus perpetuated the confusion. To cite but one example: in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew I found that of the 63 specimens filed under R. ciliata, 41 were that species and 22 were R. tridactyla. Rhus ciliata and R. tridactyla are in my opinion not closely related and if it were possible to recognize sections in the subgenus Thezera they would certainly be in separate sections. A comparison of the diagnostic characters of these two species is given in Table 1. zyxwvutsrq zyx zy Rhus ciliata Licht. ex Schult. in Linnaeus Systema vegetabilium edition nova 6: 661 (1820); DC.: 71 (1825); G. Don: 73 (1832); Sond.: 519 (1860). Engl.: 418 (1883); Diels: 576 (1898); Engl.: 205 (1921); Schonl.: 82, t.p. 82 (1930) p.p. excl. syn. R. tridacpla Burch.; Burtt Davy: 506 (1932); Merxm. & A. Schreib.: 12 (1968). TYPE Northern Cape, Grootte Rivier Poort, Lichtenstein in herb. Willd. 6016 (B(WILLD.), holo.!). Toxicodendron ciliatum (Licht.) Kuntze: 153 (1891). Rhus concinnum Burch.: 360, t. opp. p. 360 (1822). TYPE: Northern Cape, Klaarwater, Burchell 1946 (K, holo.!; L!, M!, P!, S!, iso.). Rhus ciliata forma fastigiata Schonl.: 82 (1930). TYPE: Namibia, Ankas, Dinter 833 (SAM, lecto.!). Rhus ciliata var. lepidota Burtt Davy: 507 (1932). TYPE: Transvaal, Wolmaranstad, Rogers 18487 (GRA, lecto.!). Multi-stemmed, aromatic, wiry shrub up to 2 m high, usually lower, forming dense colonies. BARK smooth to slightly granular, branches grey-brown, glabrous, ending in spines. LEAVES trifoliolate, petiolate, occasionally fascicled; petiole semiterete, canaliculate above, canal extending to midrib, (9-) 13(-18) mm long, glabrous to sparingly pubescent; leaflets sessile, subcoriaceous, glabrous to glutinose or sparingly pubescent, concolorous, dark zyxw zyxwv zyxwvutsrqpo zyxwvuts zyx zyxwvut SOUTHERN AFRICAN ANACARDIACEAE 35 TABLE 1. Comparison of diagnostic characters of Rhus ciliala and R. tridactyla Character Drupe Leaflets Habit Habitat and distribution Rhus ciliata Oblate, obloid, 47 x 38 to 56 x 48 mm, ratio of widest to narrowest part = c. 1.2 Lamina oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic Ratio of longest to narrowest part of terminal leaflets = c. 8.5 Ratio of longest to narowest part of lateral leaflets = c. 4.5 Apex obtuse to acute Venation kladodromous Angle of abaxial secondary veins 50-70" Hyphostomatous except for a few adaxial stomata adjacent the midrib Squarrose, wiry shrub, up to 2 m high, often forming thickets. Occupies various substrates, often doleritic and occurs in Namibia, Botswana, western Transvaal, northern Cape Province and the Orange Free State Rhus tridacpla Oblate/rhombic, discoid c. 58 x 20 mm, ratio of widest to narrowest part = c. 2.9 Lamina linear Ratio of longest to narrowest part of terminal leaflets = c. 17.0 Ratio of longest to narrowest part of lateral leaflets = c. 12.5 Apex rounded Venation obscure Angle of abaxial secondary veins (when visible) 80-90" Amphistomatous Squarrose, wiry shrub, 2-4 m high, seldom forming thickets. Occupies calcareous substrates in the northern Cape Province olive above, slightly paler below, largely hypostomatous; lamina oblanceolate to narrowly elliptic, apex obtuse to acute, rarely rounded, mucronate; margin entire, ciliolate, rarely aciliate; venation kladodromous, only midrib prominent above, all veins impressed below, angle of secondaries 50-70"; terminal leaflets (17-)26(-33) x (2-)4(-5) mm, lateral leaflets (10-)18(-25) x (2-)4(-5) mm. PANICLES lax, up to 50 mm long, glabrous to sparingly pubescent, axillary and terminal, both prominent. FLOWERS minute, pedicellate, glabrous, calyx lobes 0.5 mm long, corolla lobes 0.9 mm long, ovate, obtuse to acute; disc 5-crenulate; ovary subgloboid, styles separate, deflexed. DRUPE oblate, obloid, glabrous, shiny, reddish, drying brown, 4.7 x 3.8 to 5.6 x 4.8 mm (Fig. 1). Rhus ciliata is widespread in two widely separated areas. I n Namibia it is found roughly between Grootfontein, Otjiwarongo and Windhoek, with a single record from near Sesfontein in the Kaokoveld. In the Republic it occurs in the far western Transvaal, the northern Cape, the western half of the Orange Free State and reaches as far south as just north of Middelburg in the central Karoo. It also occurs in the southernmost part of Botswana (Fig. 2). Flowering has been recorded in January and February. The Lichtenstein type specimen survived the destruction of the Berlin Herbarium during World War I1 by being part of the Willdenow Collection which was kept in a basement. Although the specimen consists of only two small sterile fragments, it is clearly this species. The fragment on the right hand side of the sheet has a foreign-body, possibly an insect cocoon, stuck on it. As the leaflets of the many specimens which I have studied vary in width and in number of hairs and scales, I cannot uphold the infraspecific taxa published by Schonland (1930) and Burtt Davy (1932). Burtt Davy, in support of his new variety lepidota, referred to a footnote about a specimen in the original description ofR. ciliata. There is, however, only one specimen in B(W1LLD) and this is the one in the footnote. The specimen is both ciliate and lepidote below. Schonland also at one time considered Rogers 18487 to be different as he gave it the manuscript name R. eciliata. 36 zyxwvut R. 0. MOFFETT zyxwvutsrqponmlk zyxwvutsrqpo zyxwvutsrqpo zyxwvuts zyxwvu Figure 1 . 1 4 . Rhus ciliata. 1 . Fruiting branch, ~ 0 . 8 .2. Branch with male inflorescence, ~ 0 . 8 . 3. Drupes, x 1.6. 4. Male flower, x 8. 1, 3, Moffetl 1668; 2 , 4, Moffett 3492. 5-8. Rhus tridactyla. 5. Fruiting branch, ~ 0 . 8 .6. Branch with male inflorescence, xO.8. 7 . Drupes, x 1.2. 8. Male flower, x 8. 5, 7, Moffett 1671; 6, 8, Moffett 1670. SOUTHERN AFRICAN ANACARDIACEAE 37 zyxwvu zyxwv zyxw Figure. 2. Geographic distribution of Rhus c i h t u . Putative hybrids occur with the following species: R. lancea, (voucher: Smith 5260 (PRE) from Fauresmith, Orange Free State) and R. erosa (voucher: Acocks 2400 (KMG) from Hay, farm no. 0.378, Northern Cape). Rhus ciliata is known in Namibia as firebush (used to extinguish fires) and in the northern Cape as Zuurkaree. I suggest it be given the vernacular names sour karee and suurkaree in Afrikaans. zyx zyxwvutsr zyxwvut zy Selected specimens examined (Arranged according to the quarter degree grid system of Leistner & Morris, 1976.) NAMIBIA--1813 (Ohopoho): 27 km south of Koako Otavi on road to Sesfontein (-BC), de Winter and Leistner 5608 (B, COI, K, M, WIND). 1916 (Gobaub): Farm Neins, 54 km from Outjo to Otavi (-CD), Tolken and H a r 4 883 (K, M, PRE, WIND). 1917 (Tsumeb): Farm Kumkauas, Tsumeb district (-CA), Giess 12481 (M, PRE, WIND): Otavi (-CB), Dinter in SAM 70920; Gaub, Grootfontein district (-DA), Bode 2 (WIND)'; Farm Otjirukaka, Tsurneb district (-DB), Seydel 2175 iB, K; WIND). 1918 (Grootfontein): Aukas (-AC), Dinter 833 (SAM); Grootfontein (-CA), Esterhuyse 379 (PRE, WIND). 38 zyxwvutsrqpo zyxwvut zyx zyxwvu R. 0. MOFFETT 2016 (Otjiwarongo): Farm Capricorn, Otjiwarongo district (-BB), Giess, Volk, Bleissner 6351 (M, PRE, WIND); near Whale Rock, Otjiwarongo (-BC), Craven 285 (WIND); Farm Okanjima, Otjiwarongo district (-DC), Craven 298 (WIND). 2017 (Waterberg): Waterberg (-AC), Rutherford 16 (PRE); Oruza farm, Okosongomingo (-CA), Volk 858 (PRE). 2 1 17 (Otjosondu): Farm Waaihoek, Okahandja district (-DD), Schwerdfeger 4204 (WIND). 21 18 (Steinhausen): near Steinhausen (-CC), Liebenberg 4673 (B, PRE. WIND); Farm Okahennesiva, Steinhausen (-CD), Wolf 83 (WIND); Farm Sturmfeld, Gobabis district (-DB), T d k e n 96 (WIND). 2216 (Otjimbingwe): Farm Otjompaue, WIN 40 (-DB), Giess 1.5040 (M, WIND). 2217 (Windhoek): farm Urumbungo North, 93 km north-east of Windhoek (-BA), de Winter 2401 ( K , M , PRE, WIND); 25 km east of Windhoek on Gobabis road (-CB), Liebenberg 4543 (B, PRE, WIND). BOTSWANA-2424 (Dikgoma di Kae): Kunane (-CD), Peeters en Gericke 150 (PRE). 2525 (Mafeking): Pitsane siding between Lobatse and Ramatlabama (-BC), Mofett 35826 (PRE). TRANSVAAL-2625 (Delareyville): between Broedersput and Delareyville (-CD), Mofett 1683 (PRE). 2626 (Klerksdorp): Farm Wolwerand 55 (-DC), Jucobsen 1086 (PRE). 2725 (Bloemhof): 10 km west of Wolmaransstad (-BB), Van Wyk 763 (BLFU, PRE, PUC); Koppie-Enkel Plaas, Bloemhof district (-CA), Krynuuw 51 (PRE); 20 km west ofBloemhof, near Britten (-CB), Moffett 3494 (PRE); near Christiana (-CC), Burtt Duvy 1614 (BOL, GRA, NH, PRE); Renosterkop, near Vaal River (-DC), Ztyher 337 (BM, K, S , SAM). CAPE PROVINCE-2525 (Mafeking): Mafeking (-DC), Bayliss 2034 (B, NBG, Z ) ; Rooigrond, Mafeking district (-DD), Miller B/567 (PRE). 2624 (Vryburg): Zoetvlei 48 km west of Vryburg (-CD), Extension oficer 535 (PRE); Koppies at Stella (-DB), Gubb in K M G ; 14 km north-east of Vryburg (-DC), Leistner 583 (K, NBG, PRE). 2722 (Olifantshoek): 10 km from Olifantshoek on road to Sishen (-DD), Mofett 1669 (PRE). 2723 (Kuruman): 10 km west of Kuruman (-AD), Mofett 1672 (PRE). 2724 (Taung): Between Kuruman and Vryburg, Lykso (-AA), Moffett 1668 (KMG, PRE); Armoedsvlakte, Vryburg (-AB), Mogg 8076A (J, K, PRE, SAM; Buxton, Taung (-DA), Brueckner 1215 (KMG); Andalusia Internment Camp (-DD), Volk 150 (WIND). 2822 (Glen Lyon) : Floradale, Hay division (-BD), Wilman 6239 (KMG); Groenwatervlei (-CD), Pole-Evans 67 (K, PRE). 2823 (Griquatown): Postmasthrg (-AC), Wilman 99 (KMG); Asbestos Hills at Ouplaas, Daniels Kuil (-BA), Esterhuysen 780 (BOL); Klein Papkuil, Griqualand West (-BC), Wzlman 1255 (GRA, K, KMG); 24 km north-east of Griquatown (CD), Codd 1274 (PRE); 40 km east of Griquatown (-DC), MacDonaZd 77/107 (NBG). 2824 (Kimberley): Koopmansfontein (-AA), Marloth 14061 (PRE, STE); 2 km above and behind Warrenton station (-BB), Smith 2348 (PRE); Schmidtsdrift, 48 km west ofKimberley (-CA), Unknown in PRE 11021; 16 km east of Kimberley (-DA), Schlieben 8743 (K, PRE, SRGH); Kimberley (-DB), Marloth 835 (GRA, zyx zy zyxw SOUTHERN AFRICAN ANACARDIACEAE 39 W ) ; Magersfontein Hill, south of Kimberley (-DC), Pearson 1688 (NBG); Du Toits Pan, Kimberley (-DD), Tuck in S A M 32183. 2922 (Prieska): Greefse Put, Barkley West (-AC), Wilman, s.n. in GRA. 2923 (Douglas): Wimbledon (-BB), Badenhorst 42 (KMG, PRE). 2924 (Hopetown): Modder River near Kimberley (-BB), Moran in BOL 31953; Hopetown, near town, (-CA), Fries and Norlindh 1818 (LD, PRE). 3023 (Britstown): 48 km north of Britstown (-BA), Mojett 3491 (PRE); 10 km north of Britstown (-BC), Mofeett 3490 (PRE). 3024 (De Aar): Philipstown (-AD), Markotter in S T E 9940; Rolfontein Nature Reserve (-BA), Jooste 97, (PRE); Bergplaas (-BB), van der Merwe 1404; (PRE); De Aar (-CA), Moss 10683 (J). 3025 (Colesberg): 9 km from Phillipolis on road to Draaikloof (-AC), Reid 278 (PRE); eastern end of Oviston Nature Reserve (-CB), Fourie 410 (PRE); eastern end of Oviston Nature Reserve (-DB), Fourie 350 (PRE). 3026 (Aliwal North) : Silvermere Farm, Knapdaar, Burgersdorp (-CD), Burrows 1318 (SRGH). 3125 (Steynsburg): 3 km north of Grootfontein (-AC), van Zinderen Bakker 1108 (BLFU, PRE). ORANGE FREE STATE-2725 (Bloemhof): Boshoff district (-AA), Burtt Davy 10095 (PRE). 2825 (Boshoff): 24 km from Kimberley on Boshoff road (-CA), Badenhorst 88 (K, KMG, PRE). 2826 (Brandfort): Bultfontein (-AC), Pole-Evans 2475 (PRE); Erfenis dam, Theunissen district (-BD), Wipfilinger 21 (PRE); Glen, Bloemfontein district (-CD), Heynink 116 (PRE); Farm Candy, Tabaksberg (-DB), van Jaarsveld 1761 (NBG). 2924 (Hopetown): De Rif farm, Fauresmith district (-DA), Anderson GI (PRE); Knoffelfontein, Fauresmith district (-DD), Smith 5373 (PRE). 2925 (Jagersfontein): Quartette farm, Petrusburg district (-AB), Anderson E28 (PRE); Koppie near Quaggafontein (-BB), Burtt D a y 12351 (PRE); Fauresmith Veld Reserve (-CB), Hutchinson 3068 (BM, BOL, K, PRE). 2926 (Bloemfontein): Naval Hill, Bloemfontein (-AA), Pole-Evans in PRE 19635. 3026 (Aliwal North) : Tussen-die-Riviere (-AC), Stephen 139 (PRE). zyxw zyxwvut Rhus tridactyia Burch., Travels in the interior of southern Africa 1: 340 (1822) 'R. triductyle'; DC.: 71 (1825); G. Don: 74 (1832); Sond. 516 (1860); Engl.: 446 (1883); Diels: 590, 641 (1898); Engl.: 217 (1921). TYPE: Northern Cape, Asbestos Mountains, 27.9.181 1, Burchell 1667 (K, holo.!; BOL!, iso.). Toxicodendron triductylum (Burch.) Kuntze: 154 ( 1891). Rhus ciliata sensu Schonl.: 82 (1930) p.p., et auct. mult., non Licht. ex Schult. Thin, armed, crooked stemmed shrub from 2 to 4 m high. BARK grey, smooth; branches spreading, white, somewhat striate, often ending in spines. LEAVES trifoliolate, petiolate; petiole slender; semiterete, canaliculate, slightly margined, (6-)9 (-1 2) mm long; leaflets sessile, subcoriaceous, concolorous, olive-green, glabrous, amphistomatous; lamina linear, slightly convex, apex rounded, mucronulate; margin entire; venation obscure, midrib prominent above, impressed below, secondaries seldom visible, if so then only below, at an angle of 80-90"; terminal leaflets ( 1 1-)29(-50) x (1.0-) 1.7(-2.1) mm, lateral leaflets (7-)22(-36) x (1.&)1.7(-2.0) mm. PANICLES lax, glabrous, up to 80 mm long, 40 zyxwvuts R. 0. MOFFETT zyxwvu zyxwvu Figure. 3. Geographic distribution of Rhus tn’ductylu. zyx zy zy axillary and terminal, exposed. FLOWERS minute, pedicellate, glabrous, calyx lobes 0.5 mm long, corolla lobes 1.3 mm long, widely ovate, obtuse to retuse, disc 5-crenulate; ovary subgloboid, styles separate, deflexed. DRUPE oblate/ rhombic, discoid, glabrous, shiny, light to dark brown, k 5 . 8 x 2.0 mm (Fig. 1). Rhus tridactyla occurs only in the northern Cape, from near Kuruman and Taung in the north to near Prieska and Douglas in the south (Fig. 3 ) . I t apparently only occurs on calcareous substrates and flowering has been recorded in February and March. Apart from the sterile holotype, Burchell 1667, there are three other Burchell specimens in K. Burchell 1797 is also sterile, 1947 consists of two fragments and 2131 consists of two pieces with the characteristic discoid drupes. Also on specimen 2131 is a seedling with from 1 to 5 leaflets on it and the following comment by Burchell: ‘Rhus tridactyle, specimen cum folio unico pentadactyle. Ex horto proprio 25-4-40.’ Digitately pentaphyllous leaves often occur in mature plants of Rhus pentaphylla (Jacq.) Desf. from the Mediterranean area and in R . montana Diels from South Africa. Apart from its subglobular fruit, R. pentaphylla is morphologically similar to R. tridactyla whereas R. montana is very different from either of these species. Don (1832) referred to R. tridactyla as the ‘three-fingered leaved Sumach’ and recorded it as having been cultivated in 1816 in England, no doubt from seed collected by Burchell. As this species is also known as zuurkaree (information ex herb. labels), I zyxw zyxwvu zyx zyxw zyxwvu zyxwv SOUTHERN AFRICAN ANACARDIACEAE 41 suggest to avoid confusion with R. ciliata, R. tridactyla be given the vernacular names Burchell’s sour karee, Burchell-se-suurkaree. Selected specimens examined (Arranged according to the quarter degree grid system of Leistner & Morris, 1976.) CAPE PROVINCE-2722 (Olifantshoek): Hills south of Olifantshoek (-DD), Davidse 6084, (PRE). 2723 (Kuruman): 10 km west of Kuruman (-AD), Mofett 2670, (MO), 1671 (PRE); Kuruman (-CB), Ferrar in KMG 6238. 2724 (Taung): Thoming, Taung (-DA), Brueckner 2234 (BOL, KMG, PRE, U P S ) ; Taung (-DB), Rodin 3420 (BOL, K, PRE, S). 2822 (Glen Lyon): Dunmurry (-BC), Wilman 2253 (BOL, GRA, KMG); Blaauboschput, Hay Division (-DD); Acocks 2017 (K, KMG, PRE). 2823 (Griekwastad); Ouplaas, Danielskuil (-BA), Esterhuysen 779 (BOL); Klein Papkuil, Hay Division (-BC), Wilman 2255 (GRA, K, KMG); 23 km east of Griekwastad (-CC),I B Oliver 445 (NBG).; Kaap Plateau, near Campbell (-DA), Pole-Evans 9 (K, PRE); 15 km north-west of Schmidtsdrift (-DB), Leistner and J y n t 2686 (K, KMG, S , SRG); Campbell Kloof (-DC), Wilman 4068 (BOL, K, KMG) . 2824 (Kimberley): Donderbosch near Barkley West (-AA), Brueckner sn in PRE; Panplaas, near Boetsap (-AB), Hanekom 2244 (K, PRE); Schmidtsdrift, 48 km west of Kimberley (-CA), Schlieben 22022 (PRE); Barkley West (-DA), Kotze in P R F 7388. 2922 (Prieska): Asbestos Hills, Klein Kloof (-AD), Wilman 1339 (BOL, GRA, K, KMG). 2923 (Douglas): Gelukspoort, west of Douglas (-AB), Gubb in K M G ; Mazelsfontein (-BA), Anderson 704 (KMG). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to the curators of the many herbaria cited for allowing me to study their material and also wish to thank Ellaphie Ward-Hilhorst of Cape Town for the illustration. zyxwvutsr REFERENCES Burchell WJ. 1822. Trauels in the interior of southern Africa, Val. I . London: Longman. Burtt Davy J. 1932. A manual of thePowering plants and ferns of the TransuaaI with Swaziland, South Africa, Vol. 2. London: Longmans Green. De Candolle AP. 1825. Prodromus systematis naturalis regni uegetabilis, sive Enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum, specierumque plantarum huc usque, juxta methodinaturalis normas digesta, Val. 2. Amsterdam: Treuttel & Wiirtz. Diels L. 1898. Die Epharmose der Vegetationsorgane bei Rhus L. Gerontogeae Engl. Botanische Jahrbucher 24: 568-647. Don C. 1832. A general system of gardening B botany containing a complete enumeration and description of allplants hitherto known, Vol. 2. London. Engler HCA. 1883. Anacardiaceae. In: De Candolle ALPP, De Candolle ACP, Monographiae Phanerogamarum, Val. 4. Paris. Engler HCA. 1921. Die P’anzenwelt Afrikus, inbesondere seiner tropischen Gebiete: Grundzuge der Pjanzenuerbreitung in Afrika und die Charakterpjanzen Afn’kas, Vol. 2 part 3. Leipzig: Engelmann. Kuntze 0. 1891. Reuisio generum plantarum . . . Part 1. Leipzig: Arthur Felix. zyxwvutsrq 42 zyxwvu zyxwvut zyxwv zyxwvu zyxw zyxwvuts zyxwvutsrqp R. 0. MOFFETT Leistner OA, Morris JW. 1976. South African place names. Annals of the Cape Provin~eMuseums 12. Meruniiller H, Schreiber A. 1968. Anacardiaceae. In: Merxmiiller H , ed. Prodromus einer Flora oon Sudwestafrika. Vol. 74: 12. Weinheim: Cramer. Moffett RO. 1993. Rhus. In: Flora of southern Africa, Vol. 19. (In press). Schonland S. 1930. The South African species of Rhus L. Bothatia 3: 3-1 15. Schultes JA. 1820. Pentandra trigynia. In: Linnaeus C, Systema Vegetabilium, 15th edn. Stuttgart. Sonder OW. 1860. Terebintaceae. In: Harvey WH, Sonder OW, Flora capensis: being a systematic description of the plants of the Cape Colony, Caffraria &' Port Natal. Dublin: Hodges, Smith.