PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020)
doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257
A peer-reviewed open-access journal
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
93
RESEARCH ARTICLE
http://phytokeys.pensoft.net
Launched to accelerate biodiversity research
Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the
Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands
(Zimbabwe-Mozambique)
Jonathan Timberlake1, Petra Ballings2,3, João de Deus Vidal Jr4,
Bart Wursten2, Mark Hyde2, Anthony Mapaura4,5,
Susan Childes6, Meg Coates Palgrave2, Vincent Ralph Clark4
1 Biodiversity Foundation for Africa, 30 Warren Lane, East Dean, E. Sussex, BN20 0EW, UK 2 Flora of
Zimbabwe & Flora of Mozambique projects, 29 Harry Pichanick Drive, Alexandra Park, Harare, Zimbabwe
3 Meise Botanic Garden, Bouchout Domain, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium 4 Afromontane Research
Unit & Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, South Africa 5 National Herbarium of Zimbabwe, Box A889, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe 6 Box BW53 Borrowdale, Harare, Zimbabwe
Corresponding author: Vincent Ralph Clark (vincentralph.clark@gmail.com)
Academic editor: R. Riina | Received 10 December 2019 | Accepted 18 February 2020 | Published 10 April 2020
Citation: Timberlake J, Ballings P, Vidal Jr JD, Wursten B, Hyde M, Mapaura A, Childes S, Palgrave MC, Clark VR
(2020) Mountains of the Mist: A first plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains, Manica Highlands (ZimbabweMozambique). PhytoKeys 145: 93–129. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.145.49257
Abstract
The first comprehensive plant checklist for the Bvumba massif, situated in the Manica Highlands along
the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border, is presented. Although covering only 276 km2, the flora is rich with
1250 taxa (1127 native taxa and 123 naturalised introductions). There is a high proportion of Orchidaceae and Pteridophyta, with both groups showing a higher richness than for adjacent montane areas, which
may be due to the massif ’s relatively high moisture levels as a result of frequent cloud cover. However,
in contrast to other mesic montane regions in southern Africa, there are relatively few near-endemic or
range-restricted taxa: there is only one local endemic, Aeranthes africana, an epiphytic forest orchid. This
is likely to be an effect of the massif having limited natural grassland compared to forest, the former being
the most endemic-rich habitat in southern African mountains outside of the Fynbos Biome. Six other
near-endemic taxa with limited distribution in this portion of the Manica Highlands are highlighted. The
high number of invasive species is probably a result of diverse human activities in the area. The main species of concern are Acacia melanoxylon, a tree that is invading grassland and previously cultivated land, the
forest herb Hedychium gardnerianum which in places is transforming forest understorey with an adverse
Copyright Jonathan Timberlake et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC
BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020)
effect on some forest birds, and the woody herb Vernonanthura polyanthes which invades cleared forest
areas after fire. Future botanical work in the massif should focus on a more detailed exploration of the
poorly known Serra Vumba on the Mozambican side and on the drier western slopes. This will allow for
a more detailed analysis of patterns of endemism across the Manica Highlands.
Keywords
endemics, floristics, invasive species, Manica Highlands, montane, plant diversity
Introduction
Southern African mountains continue to fascinate biologists, ecologists and conservationists with their high endemism, high species diversity, and as a haven for taxonomically complex and cryptic evolutionary lineages (White 1978; Taylor et al. 2013; Uys
and Cron 2013; Conradie 2014; Mynhardt et al. 2015; Padayachee and Procheş 2016;
Phiri and Daniels 2016; Conradie et al. 2018; Branch et al. 2019). From a floristic
perspective, there has been a steady output of comprehensive data from the region
over the past 25 years, for example the Nyika Plateau (Burrows and Willis 2005) and
Mount Mulanje (Strugnell 2006) in Malawi; Mounts Gorongosa, Mabu and Namuli
(Müller et al. 2008; Timberlake et al. 2009; Bayliss et al. 2014; Timberlake, in prep.)
in Mozambique; Chirinda Forest (Drummond and Mapaure 1994) in Zimbabwe; the
Angolan Highlands (Goyder and Gonçalves 2019); the heterogeneous southern African Great Escarpment (Clark et al. 2011, 2014; Roth et al. 2014; Darbyshire et
al. 2018; Carbutt 2019). This has greatly improved our regional understanding of
montane floristics, patterns of endemism, biogeography and conservation needs. In
addition, an account of all the endemic and near-endemic plants from Mozambique
has recently been published (Darbyshire et al. 2019b), some of which occur in these
border areas. Despite these advances, ongoing biodiversity research in southern African
mountains remains a key regional need (Clark et al. 2011, 2019; CEPF 2012), and
there remains a substantial lag in the production of fundamental biodiversity and taxonomic data compared to other mountains in Africa.
The Manica Highlands (Clark et al. 2017), which lie on the border between
Zimbabwe and Mozambique and are mostly synonymous with Van Wyk and Smith’s
(2001) Chimanimani-Nyanga Centre of Floristic Endemism, comprise an area that
has been well-botanised over the last 100 years, yet with few publications. Over the
past decade, attention has been focused on improving our knowledge of plant diversity
and endemism for this ecologically complex 8,000 km2 mountain system. For instance,
the first comprehensive floristic treatment of the Nyanga massif was published only
recently (Clark et al. 2017), as was the first substantial revision in 50 years of the Chimanimani flora (Wursten et al. 2017).
The central parts of the Manica Highlands (from north to south: Stapleford, Penhalonga, Bvumba, Banti, Himalaya, Tsetserra) are now the outstanding areas that require synthesis of available data and further fieldwork, with the Bvumba being prob-
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
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ably the most thoroughly botanised component of the Manica Highlands. Here we
present the first comprehensive plant checklist for the Bvumba massif, with some notes
on the massif and its flora.
The Bvumba area
Defining the study area
Clark et al. (2017) defined the Bvumba as the entire central component of the Manica
Highlands, which includes the Bvumba as well as the Penhalonga and Stapleford uplands that occur immediately to the north, i.e. between the Bvumba and Nyanga.
However, due to lack of adequate floristic data for Penhalonga and Stapleford, we here
restrict ourselves to the Bvumba massif sensu stricto and not to the broader Bvumba
area as shown in Clark et al. (2017). The checklist area is defined as that part lying
primarily above 1200 m altitude with significant vegetation cover, an extent of around
276 km2, and differs slightly from the more rigid use of the 1200 m contour used by
Childes and Mundy (2001).
Location and topography
Centred on 19°06'S, 32°47'E, the Bvumba lies 20 km south-east of the border city
of Mutare and straddles the Zimbabwe-Mozambique border (Figure 1). The largest
extension lies within Mutare District in eastern Zimbabwe, but a significant area of
around 30 km2 lies over the border in Manica District in Mozambique’s Manica Province. This north-eastern extension terminates at the peak of Serra Vumba (1646 m)
at 18°58'35"S, 32°53'25"E, just 5 km south of Manica town (previously Vila da
Manica) on the main Mutare‒Beira highway. The area as a whole is bounded in the
north by the Muneni valley (in which the Forbes/Machipanda border post is situated) and in the south by the Burma valley (Nyamataka River), which separates it
from the Banti-Himalaya-Tsetserra massif. The Mozambique midlands/lowlands and
Chicamba Real dam form the eastern limits, while the Odzi River valley forms the
western boundary. Outlying ridges and inselbergs to the west − including Cecil Kop
– have been excluded. The lower elevational cut-off of approximately 1000–1200 m
used here roughly follows the base of the Bvumba massif where it emerges from the
surrounding plains.
Consisting of an upland massif, the highest points in the study area are Castle
Beacon (1911 m) and Chinyakwaremba (1714 m), while the main rivers are the Nyamataka in the south, which drains into the Rio Vanduzi via the Chicamba Real dam
and then on into the Rio Búzi, the Zonwe River in the centre and the Ndonwe River
in the north, both also draining into the Vanduzi. To the west the main river is the
Nyachowa, which drains into the Odzi and eventually into the Save River.
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Figure 1. Map of the geographic location and selected elevations of the Bvumba massif and
vicinities, with main points of interest.
Geology
The principal rocks underlying the Bvumba area are gneissic granites of Proterozoic
age, perhaps 2560 million years old, interlaced with intrusions of finer-grained darker dolerite rock perhaps 1800 million years old (Bartholomew 1990; Martin 2000).
Millions of years of erosion have left the granite domes exposed, standing above the
surrounding younger landscape. Some peri-glacial features date from the Pleistocene
period (25,000 years BP). No minerals of economic significance are noted, although
gold has been mined for hundreds of years from areas just north of Mutare. The soils
are often deep and well-weathered, but are not considered particularly fertile owing to
their age and weathering.
Climate
Surprisingly, there does not appear to be a long-term rainfall recording station in the
Bvumba area (Agritex 1989), the nearest being at Mutare, which is significantly lower
in elevation and with a lower annual rainfall. On isohyet maps, rainfall is indicated
as being around 1800 mm/year (Agritex 1989). The warm rainy or growing season
extends from November to mid-March, with a colder dry season from June through
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
97
to August. Frosts are scarce. A major feature, and one which gives the mountains their
name of Mountains of the Mist, are the frequent mists and low moist cloud during
the dry season, sometimes called guti (Martin 2000). It is these mists that reduce the
physiological stress of the dry season for many plant species and allow forest to thrive.
History and land use
The area has been settled, on the Mozambique side in particular, for perhaps 1000
years, with the first written record of people living there dating from Portuguese explorers in the first half of the 17th century (Bannerman 2010; Martin 2000). It was
possibly more heavily settled in the past than it is now, as seen from the many grinding
stones found inside the forests. When European occupation first started, much of the
area was settled by people of the Chirara dynasty (Martin 2000), particularly on the
Mozambique side and along the Nzombe valley. The first European settlement on the
Zimbabwe side started around 1890, and the first formal concession was granted by
the British South African Company for the farm Cloudlands in 1898, now a private
nature reserve. A road was cut in 1917 to the Bunga Forest from Mutare (then Umtali),
and by 1921 the road continued over and into the Burma Valley (Martin 2000).
Within Zimbabwe, the Bvumba area is now nearly all on privately held land, much
of it in small agricultural holdings, plantations or managed for conservation or ecotourism, including the famous Leopard Rock Hotel and golf course. There is a good
road network and the area is well-settled with many properties, a number of which
are used as holiday homes with many owners making strong efforts to conserve both
the flora and bird life. Commercial farming in the Bvumba area includes dairy, Protea
flowers, coffee, and with some wattle and Eucalyptus plantations. The only formal conservation areas are the Bvumba National Park and Botanic Gardens (201 ha) and the
now much-expanded Bunga Forest Botanical Reserve (1,560 ha) managed by the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority. There are no formally conserved
areas on the Mozambique side, although from recent Google Earth imagery much of
Serra Vumba’s vegetation cover appears to be relatively intact and it may be protected
by local traditions.
Vegetation
There are four broad vegetation types occurring in the Bvumba area ‒ montane grassland, Afromontane evergreen forest, high-rainfall miombo woodland, and secondary
scrub savanna (Martin 2000). The edges of the forests are surrounded by a dense scrub
of Pteridium, Smilax, Buddleja, Vangueria and Vernonia (Childes and Mundy 2001). In
addition, there are plantations of exotic timber trees and cultivated or fallow agricultural land. It is possible that montane forest originally covered much of the Bvumba,
principally owing to dry season precipitation in the form of low wet clouds (guti). But
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there is little montane grassland, a vegetation type of great botanical significance in the
Nyanga and Chimanimani areas (Timberlake et al. 2016a). It is not clear why this is
so, but it might be due to the somewhat lower elevations of the Bvumba compared to
Nyanga and/or the greater amount of winter precipitation that allows forest to sustain
itself. The high-rainfall woodlands contain many epiphytic ferns and orchids, which
also have a high frequency in montane forest. Burrows (1990) suggests that the Bvumba has perhaps the richest fern flora in southern Africa owing to the pervasive mists.
Secondary scrub savanna is generally found on infertile or gravelly soils or in degraded
forests or reverted agricultural land, and it is here that a number of invasive tree and
shrub species are found (S. Childes, pers. obs.).
Previous studies
The Bvumba has seen much botanical activity and many collections over the last 50
years, but almost entirely from the Zimbabwe side. Two notable collectors were Norman Chase, who assembled over 8,000 specimens with meticulous notes, mostly from
the Manica Highlands but with a large number from the Bvumba, and John Ball, for
whom the Bvumba and Chimanimani provided the inspiration for his book on epiphytic orchids (Ball 1978). Other significant collectors include Hiram Wild, Darrel
Plowes, Tom Müller and Hamish Gilliland. Three of the current authors (Mark Hyde,
Petra Ballings and Bart Wursten) have collected extensively there over the last 20 years,
and another (Susan Childes) runs a small forest and bird conservation area. Although
no comprehensive overall checklist was available, detailed lists of the orchids and ferns
of the broader area are found on the Vumba Nature website (Ballings and Wursten
2019) and a preliminary Bvumba plant list was compiled by Mark Hyde from a manuscript list by Norman Chase (Chase, no date) and Tree Society and Orchid Society
records (Hyde 1999).
The Bvumba Highlands are considered to be an Important Bird Area (IBA ZW004,
Childes and Mundy 2001), known for the richness of its montane avifauna. The IBA is
taken to be the area above 1200 m elevation, considered to be the lower limit for montane bird species (Harwin et al. 1994). A total of 242 bird species have been recorded,
including three of global conservation concern.
The only detailed plant ecological work done so far specifically in the Bvumba area
is that by Plowes (2002), who looked at the impacts of the devastating Cyclone Eline
on the 40-ha Bunga Forest in February 2000. He noted nearly 200 fallen trees that had
created 46 patches totalling 1.57 ha, equivalent to a loss of 13% of forest cover. Gilliland (1938), in his study of the vegetation of Zimbabwe’s Manicaland, surprisingly
does not mention areas this far south.
During his major study on Eastern Zimbabwe’s moist forests (Müller 1999,
2006), Tom Müller recorded 37 georeferenced 50 × 50 m forest plots in the Bvumba
area. These fell into seven of his 12 described forest types, with most being Type 5
(Syzygium guineense subsp. afromontanum montane forest, 10 plots), Type 7 (Mixed
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
99
sub-montane forest, 8 plots) and Type 11 (Medium elevation forest, 8 plots). In addition, there were a few plots each of Type 6 (Regenerating montane forest), Type 8
(Craibia brevicaudata forest), Type 9 (Albizia-dominated regenerating forest) and Type
10 (Albizia schimperiana forest). Hence most of the Bvumba forest plots recorded fell
into what Muller calls sub-montane forest, with only a few from the montane or medium elevation forest zones. An interesting finding is that of the 37 plots marked on
aerial photographs from the early 1970s, only three have been obviously lost or damaged from what can be seen of their canopy cover using recent Google Earth imagery
(most dating from June 2019).
Although not formally documented, it does appear that disturbance over the last
100 years has led to a drying out of some of the forests and an invasion of alien plants
(T. Müller, pers. comm. 2017). The impression (S. Childes, pers. obs.) is that the fern
flora is moving towards the more generalist species and that some drought-sensitive
species of angiosperms such as Streptocarpus umtaliensis and Cryptostephanus vansonii
are reducing.
Materials and methods
As the Bvumba is well-documented botanically, with approximately a century of botanical collecting, a checklist approach to documenting plant diversity and endemism
was decided upon in order to be comparable to floristic lists recently compiled for
Nyanga massif (Clark et al. 2017) and the Chimanimani mountains (Wursten et al.
2017). The two main sources were (i) an extract of the Harare Herbarium (SRGH) database of all records containing the word ‘Vumba’ in the locality field, with any records
obviously from below 1200 m elevation removed, and (ii) records from the Bvumba
area above 1200 m elevation cited on the Flora of Zimbabwe website (https://www.
zimbabweflora.co.zw/, Hyde et al. 2020). In addition to these there were (iii) records
from published volumes of Flora Zambesiaca, (iv) orchid and pteridophyte records
listed on the Nature Vumba website (Ballings and Wursten 2019), (v) confirmed records from an unpublished Bvumba checklist (Hyde 1999) including those cited as
being from Chase’s list (Chase, no date), (vi) any additional records from forest plot
studies undertaken by Müller in the 1970s (Müller 2006), and finally (vii) personal
records from the authors. A herbarium specimen or record citation (i.e. from the Flora
of Zimbabwe website) is given for each taxon, or a confirmed sighting (s.r.) indicated.
If there was any uncertainty over an occurrence, the record was omitted.
Families and species are listed alphabetically under pteridophytes, gymnosperms,
monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Nomenclature and family arrangement follow
those used on the Flora of Zimbabwe website (Hyde et al. 2020, accessed 1 February
2020). Pteridophyte families follow that used in the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group
(2016). Species authorities are abbreviated following Brummitt and Powell (1992).
Synonyms are given only for significant recent changes or for taxa that have been
known or recorded locally under a different name (e.g. in Mapaura and Timberlake
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Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020)
2004) or where confusion may occur. Where a taxon is believed to be endemic or
near-endemic, this is indicated with an E or NE, respectively. Species that are said to
be naturalised or introduced on the Flora of Zimbabwe website are indicated with an
asterisk (*).
Results and discussion
The checklist contains 1250 taxa, comprising 137 pteridophytes, 2 gymnosperms and
1111 flowering plants (Table 1). Of these, 1127 are native species and 123 (9.8%) are
naturalised or semi-naturalised introductions, most, unsurprisingly, being cosmopolitan weeds in the Asteraceae (25 species), Poaceae (8 species) and Amaranthaceae (7
species). The largest families represented in the checklist are shown in Table 2.
In terms of species, there are three findings of particular note. First, there is a particularly high number of orchids (125 taxa across 276 km2), higher than might have
been expected and significantly more than the number found in the more extensive
Nyanga area above 1200 m elevation (92 taxa across 2181 km2; Clark et al. 2017) and
in the Chimanimani mountains (97 taxa across 530 km2; Wursten et al. 2017). There
are also a large number − 137 taxa − of pteridophytes (particularly ferns), compared to
136 taxa in the Nyanga area and just 105 in the Chimanimani. This is probably due
to the greater moisture levels and frequent clouds in the Bvumba; the area is said to
be possibly the richest locality for pteridophytes in southern Africa (Burrows 1990).
The third point of interest, again possibly linked to the high precipitation levels,
is the lack of the montane conifer Widdringtonia nodiflora on the Bvumba, a species
Table 1. Total number of taxa and introduced taxa in the Bvumba checklist, by group.
Pteridophytes
Gymnosperms
Monocotyledons
Dicotyledons
TOTAL
No. taxa
137
2
336
775
1250
No. introduced
1
1
15
106
123
Table 2. The 10 largest families represented on the Bvumba checklist.
Family
Orchidaceae
Asteraceae
Fabaceae sensu lato
Poaceae
Rubiaceae
Acanthaceae
Lamiaceae
Cyperaceae
Aspleniacaeae (Pteridophyta)
Apocynaceae
No. taxa
125
119
93
93
59
33
29
28
27
22
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
101
that is locally common both in the Nyanga and Chimanimani areas as well as on Mt
Mulanje in southern Malawi (where it also occurs with W. whytei) and Mt Gorongosa
in Mozambique (Müller et al. 2008). Widdringtonia is generally found on the drier
rain-shadow side of these large mountains.
Endemics and taxa of restricted distribution
There is only one taxon known to be endemic to the Bvumba, the epiphytic orchid
Aeranthes africana. Noted just twice, it is apparently now not found in its first-recorded
location in the forests near Castle Beacon (S. Childes, pers. comm.). This species was
recently assessed using IUCN Red List criteria (IUCN 2001) as Critically Endangered
(Timberlake 2020, in press) and could be almost extinct, but it is cryptic among the
leaves of Podocarpus milanjianus and difficult to see except on fallen branches so may
have been overlooked.
Six other near-endemic taxa – here defined as taxa found only on nearby montane
massifs such as Nyanga, Serra Choa, Stapleford, Banti/Himalaya and Tsetserra, but not
including those also found on the Chimanimani or further afield (including Chirinda
and Mt Gorongosa) – are found in the Bvumba area (Table 3). Two of them – Aloe
cameronii var. bondana and Aloe inyangensis var. kimberleyana − are varieties of more
widespread species and thus of lesser taxonomic significance; both have recently been
assessed as Least Concern using IUCN criteria (Timberlake, in press). Of the remaining four taxa, Barleria fissimuroides is restricted to just the Bvumba area and a farm
just over the border in Mozambique north of Mutare, but three are more widespread,
being found from Serra Choa in Mozambique or over the border in Nyanga south to
the Himalaya/Tsetserra area or, in the case of Anthospermum zimbabwense, to Mt Pene
Table 3. Taxa of restricted distribution found in the Bvumba area.
Family/species
Asphodelaceae
Aloe cameronii Hemsl. var. bondana Reynolds
Aloe inyangensis Christian var. kimberleyana
S.Carter
Orchidaceae
Aeranthes africana J.L.Stewart
Acanthaceae
Barleria fissimuroides I.Darbysh.
Gesneriaceae
Streptocarpus umtaliensis B.L.Burtt
Loranthaceae
Englerina oedostemon (Danser) Polhill &
Wiens
Rubiaceae
Anthospermum zimbabwense Puff
Distribution
IUCN Red List assessment
Troutbeck, Juliasdale, Bvumba
Nyanga NP, Juliasdale, Stapleford,
Bvumba
LC
LC
Bvumba [endemic]
CR D
Bvumba, Quinta da Frontiera
EN B2ab
Serra Choa, Nyanga, Stapleford,
Bvumba, Tsetserra
LC
Serra Choa, Nyanga, Stapleford,
Mutare, Bvumba, Tsetserra
–
Nyanga, Stapleford, Bvumba,
Himalaya, Mt Pene
NT B1ab+2ab
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in Chimanimani District. Only one of the near-endemic taxa is threatened, B. fissimuroides (Endangered, Darbyshire et al. 2019a). Also of note is the orchid Angraecum
stella-africae, believed to be extinct in Zimbabwe (Mapaura and Timberlake 2002),
but a small colony has been found on the Bvumba in recent years (Wursten 2007).
This species has also been found in Malawi (Viphya, Mt Mulanje) and northern South
Africa (Wolkberg Mountains) but is nowhere common.
It is surprising that the Bvumba massif has so few endemic or near-endemic taxa,
especially when compared to the Chimanimani Mountains (71 endemic taxa, Wursten
et al. 2017) or the Nyanga area (19 endemic taxa, revised from Clark et al. 2017). This
is obviously not due to under-collection, but possibly the result of the relatively small
size of the Bvumba and the preponderance of forest vegetation compared to montane
grassland and scrub habitats. Most Nyanga and Chimanimani endemics, for example,
are found in montane grassland or montane scrub (Clark et al. 2017; Wursten et al.
2017), habitats poorly represented in the Bvumba and which are also substantially
disturbed there.
Introduced and invasive species
There are 123 introduced species present in the Bvumba, a result of the diverse human activities there. Although most of these non-native species are benign, a handful
are causing major problems. In contrast to other parts of the Manica Highlands, the
Bvumba has a high proportion of introduced species that are garden escapes while the
rest of the Manica Highlands is affected more by those from commercial forestry.
Invasive woody invasive species on the Bvumba are typically those also found in
other parts of the Manica Highlands, and include the Australian Acacia mearnsii (wattle) and A. melanoxylon (Australian Blackwood) and Pinus patula. Australian Blackwood is a particular problem, taking over tracts of open grassland and areas previously
under Protea cultivation (S. Childes, pers. obs.). Other woody but non-commercial
species that have naturalised and have invasive potential (based on evidence elsewhere
in the region) are Bauhinia variegata var. variegata, Cinnamomum camphora, C. verum,
Homalanthus populifolius, Jacaranda mimosifolia, Psidium cattleianum, P. guajava, Sambucus canadensis and Syzygium jambos. Classic invasive shrubs are Lantana camara and
Solanum mauritianum, for which there are no easy management solutions, while Cestrum aurantiacum is clearly a local problem. A more recent challenge is Vernonanthura
polyanthes – locally called ‘Beebush’ – which has become rampant since it spread into
the Bvumba and Chimanimani areas after its introduction from Brazil to Mozambique (Timberlake et al. 2016b). It spreads rapidly into disturbed and burnt areas
that were under wattle, blackwood or eucalyptus (S. Childes. pers. obs.). Clark et al.
(2019) postulate that Cyclone Idai (March 2019) might have encouraged the spread
of this wind-dispersed species even further afield, although it had earlier also been
encountered on the Ribáuè mountains in northern Mozambique (I. Darbyshire, pers.
comm. 2017). Indigenous montane forests are being invaded by the garden escap-
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
103
ees Tradescantia fluminensis and T. zebrina, while perhaps the worst forest invader is
Hedychium gardnerianum – a species that can transform the forest understory and has
adverse effects on ground-foraging birds such as Orange Thrush (Geokichla gurneyi),
Buff-spotted Flufftail (Sarothrura elegans) and Cinnamon Dove (Columba larvata) that
need an open understory with leaf litter (S. Childes, pers. obs.).
Limitations and future work
Despite the detailed collections, this list is a compilation. As a result, some taxa may
have been accidentally omitted whereas others that are found only below 1200 m elevation may have inadvertently been included. In particular, it should be recognised
that there are virtually no records from Serra Vumba on the Mozambique side, an area
that needs a more detailed collection. Similarly, the drier western slopes of the Bvumba
in Zimbabwe have also been undercollected (J. Burrows, pers. comm.). However, with
these provisos we estimate that the list is over 90% complete, suggesting a total indigenous flora of around 1250 taxa, of which approximately 1100 would be native
flowering plants.
The remaining data gaps for the botanical inventory of the Manica Highlands
are centred on the areas immediately to the north and south of the Bvumba, namely
Penhalonga-Stapleford and Banti-Himalaya-Tsetserra, respectively. However, some
recent survey work has been conducted on Tsetserra and a list of the endemic and
range-restricted species has been compiled for that area (J. Osborne, pers. comm.). In
contrast to Nyanga, Chimanimani and Bvumba, which had comprehensive available
data with which to work, both areas require detailed botanical collecting before reliable
lists can be compiled.
Acknowledgements
Peter Linder and Nigel Barker are especially thanked for encouragement and support
in the establishment of this initiative. Rhodes University, the University of Pretoria,
the University of Zürich and the Afromontane Research Unit at the University of the
Free State are thanked for logistical support. We are grateful to two reviewers, Iain
Darbyshire and John Burrows, for useful comments on a draft.
References
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Appendix 1
Table A1. Vascular plant checklist for the Bvumba area, E Zimbabwe above 1200 m altitude. Nomenclature follows the Flora of Zimbabwe website (Hyde et al. 2020) with some minor changes. * – introduced
species; E – endemic species; NE – near-endemic; FoZ # – Flora of Zimbabwe website record number;
s.r. – sight record.
Name / authority
PTERIDOPHYTA
Anemiaceae
Pteris quadriaurita Retz subsp. catoptera (Kunze) Schelpe
Mohria lepigera (Baker) Baker
Mohria nudiuscula J.P.Roux
Mohria vestita Baker
Aspleniaceae
Asplenium aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Bech. agg.
Asplenium anisophyllum Kunze
Asplenium blastophorum Hieron.
Asplenium boltonii Brause & Hieron.
Asplenium ceii Pic.Serm.
Asplenium dregeanum Kunze
Asplenium erectum Willd.
Asplenium flexuosum Schrad.
Asplenium formosum Willd.
Asplenium friesiorum C.Chr.
Asplenium gemmiferum Schrad.
Asplenium hypomelas Kuhn
Asplenium inaequilaterale Willd.
Asplenium linckii Kuhn
Asplenium lividum Kuhn
Asplenium lobatum Pappe & Raws.
Asplenium mannii Hook.
Voucher
Chase 7485
Chase 3823
Chase 7033
Ballings & Wursten 875
Chase 7044
Chase 3471
Müller 3071
Müller 3051
Ballings & Wursten 39
Chase 3457
Ballings & Wursten 40
Chase 3252
Burrows 2151
Chase 1018
Ballings s.r.
Chase 7145
Chase 3516
Chase 5989
Chase 6571
Chase 3535
Chase 3526
Name / authority
Asplenium monanthes L.
Asplenium preussii Brause
Asplenium protensum Schrad.
Asplenium pumilum Sw.
Asplenium rutifolium (P.J.Bergius) Kunze
Asplenium sandersonii Hook.
Asplenium simii A.F.Braithw.& Schelpe
Asplenium stuhlmannii Hieron.
Asplenium sulcatum Lam.
Asplenium theciferum (Kunth) Mett.
Athyriaceae
Athyrium newtonii Baker
Athyrium schimperi Feé
Deparia boryana (Willd.) M.Kato
Diplazium nemorale (Baker) Schelpe
Diplazium zanzibaricum (Baker) C.Chr.
Blechnaceae
Blechnum attenuatum (Sw.) Mett.
Blechnum tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn
Cyathea capensis (L.f.) Sm.
Cyathea dregei Kunze
Cyathea manniana Hook.
Cyathea thomsonii Baker
Davalliaceae
Davallia chaerophylloides (Poir.) Steud.
Dennstaedtiaceae
Blotiella glabra (Bory) R.M.Tryon
Blotiella natalensis (Hook.) R.M.Tryon
Histiopteris incisa (Thunb.) J.Sm.
Hypolepis sparsisora (Schrad.) Kuhn
Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. capense (Thunb.) C.Chr.
Didymochlaenaceae
Didymochlaena truncatula (Sw.) J.Sm.
Dryopteridaceae
Arachniodes webbiana (A.Braun) Schelpe subsp. foliosa (C.Chr.) Gibby
Ctenitis cirrhosa (Schumach.) Ching
Dryopteris athamantica (Kunze) Kuntze
Dryopteris kilemensis (Kuhn) Kuntze
Dryopteris manniana (Hook.) C.Chr.
Dryopteris pentheri (Krasser) C.Chr.
Megalastrum lanuginosum (Kaulf.) Holttum
Nothoperanema squamiseta (Hook.) Ching
Polystichum transvaalense N.C.Anthony
Polystichum zambesiacum Schelpe
Gleicheniaceae
Dicranopteris linearis (Burm.f.) Underw.
Hymenophyllaceae
Abrodictyum rigidum (Sw.) Ebihara & Dubuisson
Crepidomanes inopinatum (Pic.Serm.) J.P.Roux
Crepidomanes melanotrichum (Schltdl.) J.P.Roux
Didymoglossum erosum (Willd.) J.P.Roux
Hymenophyllum capense Schrad.
Hymenophyllum kuhnii C.Chr.
Polyphlebium borbonicum (Bosch.) Ebihara & Dubuisson
Lomariopsidaceae
Elaphoglossum acrostichoides (Hook.& Grev.) Schelpe
Elaphoglossum aubertii (Desv.) T.Moore
Elaphoglossum kuhnii Hieron.
Elaphoglossum lancifolium (Desv.) C.V.Morton
Elaphoglossum lastii (Baker) C.Chr.
Elaphoglossum macropodium (Fée) T.Moore
Elaphoglossum spathulatum (Bory) T.Moore var. spathulatum
Lycopodiaceae
Huperzia dacrydioides (Baker) Pic.Serm.
Huperzia ophioglossoides (Lam.) Rothm.
Voucher
Chase 4663
Burrows 1667
Chase 3514
Chase 6990
Chase 3137
Chase 3490
Chase 7253
Chase 3495
Chase 6558
Ballings & Wursten 19
Ballings & Wursten 860
Chase 4407
Ballings & Wursten 857
Chase 5701
Chase 6092
Chase 3421
Chase 3356
Eyles 3639
Chase 6047
Chase 6696
Chase 6219
Chase 31810
Chase 6275
Chase 3364
Fisher 1303
Chase 4585
Wursten & Ballings 1194
Fisher 1330
Ballings & Wursten s.r.
Ballings & Wursten s.r.
Chase 1048
Chase 2034
Chase 6572
Ballings & Wursten 24
Ballings & Wursten 877
Burrows 1910
Chase 1104
Chase 7489
Ballings 7
Burrows 2383
Ballings & Wursten 853
Chase 3302
Wild 6443
Burrows 2681
Ballings & Wursten 1623
Ballings & Wursten 60
Chase 6287
Chase 4509
Chase 3413
Chase 3308
Chase 118
Chase 2194
Burrows 2376
Chase 1121
Chase 1137
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
Name / authority
Huperzia verticillata (L.f.) Trevis.
Lycopodiella cernua (L.) Pic.Serm.
Lycopodium clavatum L.
Lygodiaceae
Lygodium kerstenii Kuhn
Marattiaceae
Ptisana fraxinea (Sm.) Murdock var. salicifolia (Schrad.) Murdock
Nephrolepidaceae
Nephrolepis undulata (Sw.) J.Sm.
Oleandraceae
Oleandra distenta Kunze
Ophioglossaceae
Ophioglossum gomezianum A.Braun
Ophioglossum polyphyllum A.Braun var. polyphyllum
Ophioglossum reticulatum L.
Osmundaceae
Osmunda regalis L.
Polypodiaceae
Belvisia spicata (L.f.) Copel.
Lepisorus excavatus (Willd.) Ching
Lepisorus schraderi (Mett.) Ching
Loxogramme abyssinica (Baker) M.G.Price
Microgramma mauritiana (Willd.) Tardieu
Microsorum pappei (Kuhn) Tardieu
Pleopeltis macrocarpa (Willd.) Kaulf.
Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) E.G.Andrews & Windham subsp. ecklonii (Kunze) J.P.Roux
Pyrrosia rhodesiana (C.Chr.) Schelpe
Pyrrosia schimperiana (Kuhn) Alston var. schimperiana
Pteridaceae
Actiniopteris dimorpha Pic.Serm. subsp. dimorpha
Actiniopteris radiata (Sw.) Link
Adiantum capillus-veneris L.
Adiantum poiretii Wikstr.
*Adiantum raddianum C.Presl
Pityrogramma argentea (Willd.) Domin
Pteris catoptera Kunze
Pteris cretica L.
Pteris dentata Forssk.
Pteris friesii Hieron.
Pteris vittata L.
Vittaria guineensis Desv. var. orientalis Hieron.
Vittaria isoetifolia Bory
Vittaria volkensii Hieron.
Selaginellaceae
Selaginella dregei (C.Presl) Hieron.
Selaginella kraussiana (Kunze) A.Braun
Selaginella mittenii Baker
Sinopteridaceae
Cheilanthes bergiana Schltdl.
Cheilanthes buchananii (Baker) Domin
Cheilanthes involuta (Sw.) Schelpe & N.C.Anthony var. obscura (N.C.Anthony) N.C.Anthony
Cheilanthes leachii (Schelpe) Schelpe
Cheilanthes multifida N.C.Anthony & Schelpe
Cheilanthes quadripinnata (Forssk.) Kuhn
Cheilanthes viridis (Forssk.) Sw. var. glauca (Sim) Schelpe & N.C.Anthony
Cheilanthes viridis (Forssk.) Sw. var. viridis
Pellaea calomelanos (Sw.) Link var. calomelanos
Pellaea calomelanos (Sw.) Link var. swynnertoniana (Sim) Schelpe
Pellaea doniana Hook.
Pellaea dura (Willd.) Hook. var. dura
Pellaea pectiniformis Baker
Tectariaceae
Arthropteris monocarpa (Cordem.) C.Chr.
Arthropteris orientalis (J.F.Gmel.) Posth. var. orientalis
Tectaria gemmifera (Feé) Alston
109
Voucher
Chase 3140
Ballings & Wursten 20
FoZ #4033
Chase 2024
Ballings & Wursten 31
Chase 3307
Chase 3389
Burrows & Burrows 5193
Ballings & Wursten s.r.
Ballings & Wursten 131
Chase 7139
Burrows 2380
Ballings & Wursten 10
Ballings & Wursten 14
Ballings & Wursten 15
Wild & Chase 78
Chase 7113
Ballings & Wursten 18
Ballings & Wursten 80
Chase 1038
Wursten & Ballings 81
Chase 7578
Chase 5576
Ballings & Wursten 1431
Chase 4630
Chase 4688
Chase 3173
Ballings & Wursten 114
Chase 3525
Fisher 1547
Ballings & Wursten 78
Ballings & Wursten 83
Chase 6641
Fisher 1549
Ballings & Wursten 144
Chase 1126
Chase 4035
Chase 5622
Chase 4591
Burrows 2324
Chase 3469
Ballings & Wursten 67
Chase 3979
Chase 4010
Ballings & Wursten 68
Chase 7141a
Ballings & Wursten 64
Chase 4413
Chase 2028
Chase 5591
Chase 4412
Chase 3506
Chase 2007
Chase 3519
110
Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020)
Name / authority
Thelypteridaceae
Amauropelta bergiana (Schltdl.) Holltum var. bergiana
Christella dentata (Forssk.) Brownsey & Jermy
Christella gueinziana (Mett.) Holttum
Cyclosorus interruptus (Willd.) H.Itô
Pneumatopteris unita (Kunze) Holttum
Pseudocyclosorus pulcher (Willd.) Holttum
Thelypteris confluens (Thunb.) Morton
GYMNOSPERMAE
Pinaceae
*Pinus patula Schltdl.& Cham.
Podocarpaceae
Podocarpus milanjianus Rendle
MONOCOTYLEDONS
Agavaceae
*Furcraea foetida (L.) Haw.
Amaryllidaceae
Boophone disticha (L.f.) Herb.
Crinum macowanii Baker
Cryptostephanus vansonii I.Verd.
Cyrtanthus galpinii Baker
*Nothoscordum borbonicum Kunth
Tulbaghia alliacea (L.f.) Thunb.
Anthericaceae
Chlorophytum andongense Baker
Chlorophytum bowkeri Baker
Chlorophytum comosum (Thunb.) Jacq.
Chlorophytum gallabatense Baker
Chlorophytum galpinii (Baker) Kativu
Chlorophytum macrosporum Baker
Araceae
Zantedeschia albomaculata (Hook.) Baill. subsp. albomaculata
Arecaceae
Phoenix reclinata Jacq.
Asparagaceae
Asparagus africanus Lam.
Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Wight
Asparagus falcatus L. var. falcatus
Asparagus laricinus Burch.
Asparagus setaceus (Kunth) Jessop
Asparagus virgatus Baker
Asphodelaceae
Aloe arborescens Mill.
Aloe cameronii Hemsl. var. bondana Reynolds NE
Aloe excelsa A.Berger var. excelsa
Aloe inyangensis Christian var. kimberleyana S.Carter NE
Aloe pretoriensis Pole-Evans
Aloe rhodesiana Rendle
Aloe swynnertonii Rendle
Bulbine latifolia (L.f.) Roem.& Schult.f.
Kniphofia linearifolia Baker
Behniaceae
Behnia reticulata (Thunb.) Didr.
Colchicaceae
Androcymbium striatum A.Rich.
Gloriosa superba L.
Commelinaceae
Aneilema aequinoctiale (P.Beauv.) Loudon
Aneilema welwitschii C.B.Clarke
Commelina africana L.
Commelina welwitschii C.B.Clarke
Cyanotis speciosa (L.f.) Hassk. subsp. speciosa
*Gibasis pellucida (M.Martens & Galeotti) Hunt
Murdannia simplex (Vahl) Brenan
*Tradescantia fluminensis Vell.
Voucher
Ballings & Wursten 29
Burrows 1636
Chase 3377
Ballings & Wursten 82
Ballings & Wursten 21
Chase 6698
Ballings & Wursten 23
FoZ #3770
Chase 5477
FoZ #40164
FoZ #353
FoZ #356
Bamps 711
FoZ #359
FoZ #15
Chase 4187
Chase 7321
FoZ #4051
Jacobsen 3051
Wild 5570
FoZ #32168
Chase 1452
FoZ #34616
FoZ #15154
Ferrar 4084
FoZ #2885
FoZ #2698
FoZ #249
Chase 1623
Müller 3374
FoZ #6111
Christian 450
FoZ #3451
Plowes 2021
Chase 5603
FoZ #3817
FoZ #3458
FoZ #6231
FoZ #633
Grosvenor 267
FoZ #529
FoZ #1046
FoZ #37419
Bamps 684
FoZ #33055
FoZ #33108
Chase 609
FoZ #18940
Hopkins 7097
FoZ #36272
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
Name / authority
*Tradescantia zebrina Bosse
Cyperaceae
Bulbostylis burchellii (Ficalho & Hiern) C.B.Clarke
Bulbostylis hispidula (Vahl) R.W.Haines
Bulbostylis schoenoides (Kunth) C.B.Clarke
Carex spicato-paniculata C.B.Clarke
Coleochloa setifera (Ridl.) Gilly
Costularia natalensis C.B.Clarke
Cyperus albostriatus Schrad.
Cyperus amabilis Vahl
Cyperus cuspidatus Kunth
Cyperus cyperoides (L.) Kuntze
Cyperus denudatus L.f. var. denudatus
Cyperus distans L.f.
Cyperus hemisphaericus Boeck.
Cyperus involucratus Rottb.
Cyperus pseudoleptocladus Kük.
Cyperus pseudovestitus (C.B. Clarke) Kük.
Cyperus rigidifolius Steud.
Cyperus tenuispica Steud.
Cyperus zambesiensis C.B.Clarke
Fuirena stricta Steud. var. stricta
Kyllinga crassipes Boeck.
Kyllinga odorata Vahl
Kyllinga sp.cf. erecta Schumach.& Thonn.
Kyllinga squamulata Vahl
Lipocarpha nana (A.Rich.) Cherm.
Mariscus albopilosus C.B.Clarke
Mariscus hemisphaericus (Boeck.) C.B.Clarke
Pycreus pelophilus (Ridl.) C.B.Clarke
Dioscoreaceae
Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax
Dioscorea schimperiana Kunth
Dioscorea sylvatica Eckl.
Dracaenaceae
Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker-Gawl.
Dracaena mannii Baker
Dracaena steudneri Engl.
Eriocaulaceae
Eriocaulon inyangense Arw.
Eriospermaceae
Eriospermum mackenii (Hook.f.) Baker subsp. mackenii
Hyacinthaceae
Albuca kirkii (Baker) Brenan
Bowiea volubilis Hook.f.
Drimia elata Jacq.
Eucomis autumnalis (Mill.) Chitt. subsp. autumnalis (=E. zambesiaca Baker)
Ledebouria unidentified sp.no.1.
Litanthus pusillus Harv. (=Drimia uniflora J.C.Manning & Goldblatt)
Stellarioides tenuifolia (F.Delaroche) Speta subsp. tenuifolia (=Ornithogalum tenuifolium F.Delaroche)
Hydrocharitaceae
Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss
Hypoxidaceae
Hypoxis galpinii Baker
Hypoxis nyasica Baker
Hypoxis rigidula Baker
Iridaceae
Anomatheca grandiflora Baker (=Freesia grandiflora (Baker) Klatt)
Aristea abyssinica Pax
Aristea angolensis Baker
Aristea ecklonii Baker
Aristea woodii N.E.Br.
Crocosmia aurea (Hook.) Planch. subsp. aurea
Crocosmia paniculata (Klatt) Goldblatt
Dierama formosum Hilliard
111
Voucher
FoZ #40886
Jacobsen 3126
Browning 566
FoZ #14528
Chase 7425
Bamps 606
Fisher 1643
Chase 8114
Browning 576
Browning 554
FoZ #15126
Browning 281
Jacobsen 3028
FoZ #5797
Loveridge 1094
Jacobsen 3026
Chase 5561
Jacobsen 3023
Browning 555
Müller 3487
Browning 574
Jacobsen 3024
Jacobsen 3025
Hyde s.r.
FoZ #6523
Browning 550
Jacobsen 3047
Jacobsen 3027
Browning 556
FoZ #19137
Müller 3376
FoZ #19141
Chase 1440
Chase 875
Müller plot 76
Wild 5540
Ferrar s.n.
Ferrar 4040
Chase 362
FoZ #7512
Plowes 2240
FoZ #41510
FoZ #69141
FoZ #863
Whellan 1561
FoZ #15385
FoZ #53770
Zimudzi 57
FoZ #5749
FoZ #791
Garley 119
Chase 63
Wild 2845
Chase 5488
Chase 6315
Chase 6023
112
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Name / authority
Dietes iridioides (L.) Klatt
Gladiolus crassifolius Baker
Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel subsp. dalenii
Gladiolus flavoviridis Goldblatt
Hesperantha petitiana (A.Rich.) Baker
Moraea spathulata (L.f.) Klatt
Juncaceae
Juncus oxycarpus Kunth
Liliaceae
*Lilium formosanum (Baker) Wallace
Musaceae
Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman
Orchidaceae
Aerangis kotschyana (Rchb.f.) Schltr.
Aerangis mystacidii (Rchb.f.) Schltr.
Aeranthes africana J.L.Stewart E
Angraecopsis amaniensis Summerh.
Angraecopsis parviflora (Thouars) Schltr.
Angraecum chamaeanthus Schltr.
Angraecum conchiferum Lindl.
Angraecum minus Summerh.
Angraecum sacciferum Lindl.
Angraecum stella-africae P.J.Cribb
Bolusiella iridifolia (Rolfe) Schltr. subsp. picea P.J.Cribb
Bonatea steudneri (Rchb.f.) T.Durand & Schinz
Brachycorythis lastii Rolfe
Brachycorythis ovata Lindl. subsp. welwitschii (Rchb.f.) Summerh.
Brachycorythis pleistophylla Rchb.f. subsp. pleistophylla
Brownleea maculata P.J.Cribb
Brownleea parviflora Lindl.
Bulbophyllum ballii P.J.Cribb
Bulbophyllum elliotii Rolfe
Bulbophyllum fuscum Lindl. var. melinostachyum (Schltr.) J.J.Verm.
Bulbophyllum josephii (Kuntze) Summerh.
Bulbophyllum longiflorum Thouars
Bulbophyllum maximum (Lindl.) Rchb.f.
Bulbophyllum sandersonii (Hook.f.) Rchb.f. subsp. sandersonii
Bulbophyllum scaberulum (Rolfe) Bolus
Bulbophyllum unifoliatum De Wild. var. infracarinatum (G.Will.) J.J.Verm.
Calanthe sylvatica (Thouars) Lindl.
Cynorkis anacamptoides Kraenzl. var. anacamptoides
Cynorkis debilis (Hook.f.) Summerh. (=C. hanningtonii Rolfe)
Cynorkis kassneriana Kraenzl.
Cynorkis kirkii Rolfe
Cyrtorchis arcuata (Lindl.) Schltr. subsp. arcuata
Cyrtorchis praetermissa Summerh. subsp. praetermissa
Cyrtorchis ringens (Rchb.f.) Summerh.
Diaphananthe fragrantissima (Rchb.f.) Schltr.
Diaphananthe rutila (Rchb.f.) Summerh.
Diaphananthe stolzii Schltr.
Diaphananthe subsimplex Summerh.
Diaphananthe xanthopollinia (Rchb.f.) Summerh.
Disa aconitoides Sond. subsp. concinna (N.E.Br.) H.P.Linder
Disa fragrans Schltr. subsp. fragrans
Disperis anthoceros Rchb.f.
Disperis dicerochila Summerh.
Disperis lindleyana Rchb.f.
Disperis virginalis Schltr.
Eulophia callichroma Rchb.f.
Eulophia cucullata (Sw.) Steud.
Eulophia eylesii Summerh.
Eulophia fridericii (Rchb.f.) A.V.Hall
Eulophia gonychila Schltr.
Eulophia hians Spreng. var. hians
Eulophia horsfallii (Bateman) Summerh.
Voucher
Biegel 2422
Plowes 2020
FoZ #796
FoZ #35667
Chase 6036
FoZ #2397
FoZ #40749
FoZ #674
FoZ #1060
Chase 7083
Chase 5574
Ball 1283
FoZ #1000
FoZ #34512
FoZ #991
Chase 44
Chase 5997
Ferrar 3979
FoZ #995
Wild 2803
Ball 443
FoZ #4871
Chase 4213
Chase 5548
Chase 217
Chase 6013
Chase 6170
Wild 2808
Wild 2813
Wild 2804
Ball 1378
Chase 992
Wild 5544
FoZ #1017
FoZ #1019
Chase 7333
FoZ #34629
Chase 5541
Wild 2798
FoZ #99847
Ball 1423
FoZ #33087
FoZ #2478
FoZ #21698
Wild 6446
Ball 1303
Ball 1406
Ball 1236
Chase 6268
Chase 4065
Wild 2816
FoZ #2374
Chase 7030
Wild 2810
Symoens et al. 669
FoZ #4873
Chase 5562
Ball 440
Chase 5572
FoZ #21961
Ball 5256
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
Name / authority
Eulophia norlindhii Summerh.
Eulophia nyasae Rendle
Eulophia parviflora (Lindl.) A.V.Hall
Eulophia petersii (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f.
Eulophia rolfeana Kraenzl. (=E. williamsonii P.J.Cribb)
Eulophia speciosa (Lindl.) Bolus
Eulophia streptopetala Lindl.
Eulophia tenella Rchb.f.
Eulophia venulosa Rchb.f.
Habenaria amoena Summerh.
Habenaria armatissima Rchb.f.
Habenaria cornuta Lindl.
Habenaria galpinii Bolus
Habenaria macrostele Summerh.
Habenaria malacophylla Rchb.f.
Habenaria nyikana Rchb.f. subsp. nyikana
Habenaria praestans Rendle var. praestans
Habenaria rautaneniana Kraenzl.
Habenaria silvatica Schltr.
Habenaria subaequalis Summerh.
Jumellea walleri (Rolfe) la Croix
Liparis bowkeri Harv.
Liparis mulindana Schltr.
Liparis nervosa (Thunb.) Lindl.
Malaxis weberbaueriana (Kraenzl.) Summerh. (=M. stolzii (Schltr.) Summerh.)
Microcoelia exilis Lindl.
Microcoelia globulosa (Ridl.) L.Jonss.
Microcoelia stolzii (Schltr.) Summerh.
Mystacidium tanganyikense Summerh. (incl. M. pusillum sensu Wild 6442)
Nervilia ballii G.Will.
Nervilia crociformis (Zoll.& Moritzi) Seidenf.
Nervilia kotschyi (Rchb.f.) Schltr. var. purpurata (Rchb.f.& Sond.) Börge Pett.
Nervilia pectinata P.J.Cribb
Nervilia shirensis (Rolfe) Schltr.
Orthochilus eustachyus (Rchb.f.) Bytebier
Orthochilus mechowii Rchb.f.
Orthochilus milnei (Rchb.f.) Bytebier (=Eulophia milnei Rchb.f.)
Orthochilus odontoglossus (Rchb.f.) Bytebier
Platycoryne pervillei Rchb.f.
Polystachya adansoniae Rchb.f.
Polystachya albescens Ridl. subsp. imbricata (Rolfe) Summerh.
Polystachya caespitifica Engl. subsp. hollandii (Bolus) P.J.Cribb & Podz.
Polystachya campyloglossa Rolfe [incl. P. ottoniana sensu Ball 1282, Chase 86]
Polystachya concreta (Jacq.) Garay & H.R.Sweet (=P. tessellata Lindl.)
Polystachya cultriformis (Thouars) Spreng.
Polystachya fusiformis (Thouars) Lindl.
Polystachya golungensis Rchb.f.
Polystachya modesta Rchb.f.
Polystachya simplex Rendle
Polystachya stuhlmannii Kraenzl.
Polystachya subumbellata P.J.Cribb & Podz.
Polystachya transvaalensis Schltr.
Polystachya vaginata Summerh.
Polystachya zambesiaca Rolfe
Rangaeris muscicola (Rchb.f.) Summerh.
Satyrium anomalum Schltr.
Satyrium chlorocorys Rolfe
Satyrium longicauda Lindl.
Satyrium trinerve Lindl.
Solenangis conica (Schltr.) L.Jonss.
Stenoglottis woodii Schltr.
Stenoglottis zambesiaca Rolfe (incl. S. fimbriata sensu Summerh.)
Stolzia repens (Rolfe) Summerh. var. obtusa G.Will.
Stolzia repens (Rolfe) Summerh. var. repens
Taeniophyllum coxii (Summerh.) Summerh.
113
Voucher
Wild s.n.
Ball 717
Chase 3075
Chase 51
Beasley 121
Chase 4180
FoZ #3623
Wild 6746
Ball 586
Ballings s.r.
Ball 442
Ball 522
Ball 528
Chase 6050
Chase 4403
FoZ #7002
Chase 206
Chase 6348
Chase 6334
Wild 2806
Wild 3223
Grosvenor 784
Ball 1267
FoZ #1411
Chase 6363
Ferrar s.n.
FoZ #5781
Ball 1392
FoZ #2455
Ball 585
Ball 1407
Ball 511
Ball 410
Chase 6235
FoZ #2854
FoZ #102482
Jacobsen 3030
FoZ #37451
FoZ #4075
Chase 5609
Drummond 5097
FoZ #36207
Ball 1282
Chase 4400
Grosvenor 659
FoZ #1659
Ball 1329
FoZ #15642
Ball 1377
Philcox et al. 8959
Wild 6445
FoZ #1667
Wild 2977
Ball 1364
Plowes 2893
FoZ #1415
Chase 6014
Hopkins 7077
FoZ #34622
FoZ #3052
Woodburn 30b
Chase 6018
Ball 1398
Wild 2811
FoZ #64342
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Name / authority
Tridactyle anthomaniaca (Rchb.f.) Summerh.
Tridactyle bicaudata (Lindl.) Schltr.
Tridactyle inaequilonga (De Wild.) Schltr.
Tridactyle tricuspis (Bolus) Schltr.
Tridactyle tridactylites (Rolfe) Schltr.
Tridactyle tridentata (Harv.) Schltr.
Vanilla polylepis Summerh.
Ypsilopus erectus (P.J.Cribb) P.J.Cribb & J.L.Stewart
Poaceae
Agrostis lachnantha Nees
Andropogon eucomus Nees subsp. eucomus
Andropogon eucomus Nees subsp. huillensis (Rendle) Sales
Andropogon schirensis A.Rich.
Arthraxon lancifolius (Trin.) Hochst.
Bewsia biflora (Hack.) Gooss.
Brachypodium flexum Nees
*Briza maxima L.
*Briza minor L.
*Bromus catharticus Vahl
*Cenchrus clandestinus (Chiov.) Morrone (=Pennisteum clandestinum Chiov.)
Coelachne africana Pilg.
Craspedorhachis africana Benth.
Cymbopogon nardus (L.) Rendle
Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.
Digitaria diagonalis (Nees) Stapf
Digitaria eriantha Steud.
Digitaria gazensis Rendle
Digitaria maitlandii Stapf & C.E.Hubb.
Digitaria scalarum (Schweinf.) Chiov.
Diheteropogon amplectens (Nees) Clayton var. catangensis (Chiov.) Clayton
Ehrharta erecta Lam.
Eleusine africana Kenn.-O’Byrne
Elionurus muticus (Spreng.) Kuntze
Eragrostis acraea De Winter
Eragrostis capensis (Thunb.) Trin.
Eragrostis chapelieri (Kunth) Nees
Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Janch.
Eragrostis congesta Oliv.
Eragrostis hispida K.Schum.
Eragrostis patens Oliv.
Eragrostis plana Nees
Eragrostis racemosa (Thunb.) Steud.
Eragrostis sclerantha Nees subsp. villosipes (Jedwabn.) Launert
Eragrostis tenuifolia (A.Rich.) Steud.
Heteropogon contortus (L.) Roem.& Schult.
Hyparrhenia anamesa Clayton
Hyparrhenia cymbaria (L.) Stapf
Hyparrhenia filipendula (Hochst.) Stapf
Hyparrhenia newtonii (Hack.) Stapf var. macra Stapf
Hyparrhenia newtonii (Hack.) Stapf var. newtonii
Hyparrhenia nyassae (Rendle) Stapf
Imperata cylindrica (L.) Raeusch.
Isachne mauritiana Kunth
Ischaemum fasciculatum Brongn.
Koeleria capensis (Steud.) Nees
*Lolium multiflorum Lam.
Loudetia flavida (Stapf ) C.E.Hubb.
Loudetia simplex (Nees) C.E.Hubb.
Melinis ambigua Hack. subsp. ambigua
Melinis minutiflora P.Beauv.
Melinis nerviglumis (Franch.) Zizka
Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka subsp. grandiflora (Hochst.) Zizka
Microchloa caffra Nees
Monocymbium ceresiiforme (Nees) Stapf
Olyra latifolia L.
Voucher
Grosvenor 862
Plowes 2892
Obermeyer 2087
Chase 6101
Ball 160
FoZ #15348
Plowes 2667
Ball 1315
Corby 244
FoZ #15338
Hyde s.r.
Pope et al. 6608
Chase 7096
Pope et al 6606
Hyde 97
FoZ #93
FoZ #95
Hyde 297
FoZ #4006
Biegel 2427
Runhaar 844
Runhaar 77
Hyde s.r.
Rattray 1460
Cleghorn 1360
Hyde s.r.
Fisher 1127
Allison s.n.
FoZ #15215
Corby 247
FoZ #16428
Corby 249
Crook P70
Runhaar 840
Fisher 220
Crook 1050
Corby 262
FoZ #15208
Runhaar 761
Wild 2
Corby 261
Runhaar 757
FoZ #15225
Hyde s.r.
Hyde 345
Hyde 350
Hyde s.r.
Corby 246
Runhaar 762
Runhaar 764
FoZ #37404
Crook 2016
Runhaar 767
Corby 268
Corby 269
Rattray 1457
FoZ #16425
Runhaar 838
Fisher 1596
Hyde 295
Schweickert 227
Corby 264
Hyde 72
Müller 3381
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
Name / authority
Oplismenus burmannii (Retz.) P.Beauv.
Oplismenus compositus (L.) P.Beauv.
Oplismenus hirtellus (L.) P.Beauv.
Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem.& Schult.
Oxytenanthera abyssinica (A.Rich.) Munro
Panicum inaequilatum Stapf & C.E.Hubb.
Panicum laticomum Nees
Panicum maximum Jacq.
Panicum monticola Hook.f.
Panicum wiehei Renvoize
*Paspalum dilatatum Poir.
Paspalum scrobiculatum L.
*Paspalum urvillei Steud.
Perotis patens Gand.
*Poa annua L.
Poecilostachys oplismenoides (Hack.) Clayton (=Chloachne oplismenoides (Hack.) Robyns)
Pogonarthria squarrosa (Roem.& Schult.) Pilg.
Pseudechinolaena polystachya (Kunth) Stapf
Rhytachne rottboellioides Desv.
Sacciolepis typhura (Stapf ) Stapf
Schizachyrium sanguineum (Retz.) Alston
Setaria homonyma (Steud.) Chiov.
Setaria megaphylla (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz
Setaria sphacelata (Schumach.) Moss
Setaria verticillata (L.) P.Beauv.
Sporobolus acinifolius Stapf
Sporobolus molleri Hack.
Sporobolus piliferus (Trin.) Kunth
Sporobolus pyramidalis P.Beauv.
Sporobolus sanguineus Rendle
Stereochlaena cameronii (Stapf ) Pilg.
Streblochaete longiarista (A.Rich.) Pilg.
Themeda triandra Forssk.
Tragus berteronianus Schult.
Tricholaena monachne (Trin.) Stapf & C.E.Hubb.
Tristachya nodiglumis K.Schum.
Urochloa oligotricha (Fig.& De Not.) Henrard
Potamogetonaceae
Potamogeton nodosus Poir.
Potamogeton octandrus Poir.
Potamogeton pusillus L.
Smilaceae
Smilax anceps Willd.
Strelitziaceae
Strelitzia caudata R.A.Dyer
Typhaceae
Typha capensis (Rohrb.) N.E.Br.
Velloziaceae
Xerophyta sp.
Xyridaceae
Xyris obscura N.E.Br.
Zingiberaceae
Aframomum albiflorum Lock
Aframomum angustifolium (Sonn.) K.Schum.
*Hedychium gardnerianum Ker Gawl.
Siphonochilus aethiopicus (Schweinf.) B.L.Burtt
DICOTYLEDONS
Acanthaceae
Anisotes pubinervis (T.Anderson) Heine (=Metarungia pubinervia (T.Anderson) C.B.Clarke)
Asystasia gangetica (L.) T.Anderson subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu
Barleria aromatica Oberm.
Barleria fissimuroides I.Darbysh. NE
Barleria spinulosa Klotzsch subsp. kirkii (T.Anderson) I.Darbysh.
Barleria ventricosa Nees
Brillantaisia cicatricosa Lindau (=B. ulugurica Lindau)
115
Voucher
Pope 3728
Müller 3047
Rattray 1449
Runhaar 752a
Chase 2172
Crook 2020
Müller s.n.
Rattray 1458
Runhaar 755
Drummond 5094
Hyde s.r.
FoZ #15125
FoZ #2054
Wild 5
Hyde 103
Chase 1144
Hyde s.r.
Runhaar 842
Hyde s.r.
Chase 7836
Pope 6607
FoZ #33050
Müller 3078
Wild 1
FoZ #2086
Hyde 94
Hyde s.r.
Hyde s.r.
FoZ #15122
Hyde 135
Hyde s.r.
Müller 3377
FoZ #15216
Crook 1052
FoZ #15211
Chase 7835
Sheppard 43
FoZ #7454
Chase 5981
Denny 1315
Wild 496
FoZ #1208
FoZ #99860
Hyde s.r.
Chase 6027
FoZ #39633
FoZ #34511
FoZ #294
Eyles 6962
Chase 8161
Chase 2154
Hopkins 8049
Chase s.n.
Chase 6495
FoZ #24678
Chase 854
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Name / authority
Voucher
FoZ #1238
Dicliptera clinopodia Nees
Dicliptera extenta S.Moore
Müller 3042
Dyschoriste nagchana (Nees) Bennet
FoZ #33058
Carter 2123
Dyschoriste trichocalyx (Oliv.) Lindau subsp. verticillaris (C.B.Clarke) Vollesen (=D. verticillaris C.B.Clarke)
Hypoestes aristata (Vahl) Roem.& Schult.
Carter 2119
Chase 6493
Hypoestes forskaolii (Vahl) Roem.& Schult. subsp. forskaolii
*Hypoestes phyllostachya Baker
FoZ #36366
Müller 3404
Isoglossa gregorii (S.Moore) Lindau
Isoglossa milanjiensis S.Moore (=I. mossambicensis Lindau)
Chase 7104
Chase 2159
Justicia betonica L.
Justicia bracteata (Hochst.) Zarb (=Monochema debile (Forssk.) Nees)
Chase 4557
Wild 2838
Justicia matammensis (Schweinf.) Oliv.
Chase 5578
Justicia nyassana Lindau
Justicia phyllostachys C.B.Clarke
FoZ #15150
Justicia striata (Klotzsch) Bullock
FoZ #28977
Chase 5721
Mellera lobulata S.Moore
Mimulopsis solmsii Schweinf.
FoZ #1616
Chase 786
Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet subsp. imbricata
Pseuderanthemum subviscosum (C.B.Clarke) Stapf
Chase 1785
FoZ #33086
Ruellia cordata Thunb.
Hopkins 7093
Sclerochiton harveyanus Nees
Thunbergia alata Sims
Obermeyer 2141
Thunbergia natalensis Hook.
Biegel 2421
FoZ #3602, Chase 4689
Thunbergia oblongifolia Oliv. (incl. T. lancifolia sensu Mapaura & Timberlake)
Thunbergia petersiana Lindau
Grosvenor 783
FoZ #228
Thunbergia usambarica Lindau
Achariaceae
Chase 7797
Kiggelaria africana L.
Rawsonia lucida Harv.& Sond.
Fisher 1513
Amaranthaceae
Müller 3090
*Achyranthes aspera L. var. pubescens (Moq.) C.C.Towns.
Chase 2151
*Achyranthes aspera L. var. sicula L.
*Alternanthera caracasana Kunth
FoZ #15032
FoZ #37392
*Amaranthus hybridus L.
Amaranthus lividus L. subsp. polygonoides (Moq.) Probst
FoZ #15033
FoZ #4876
Centemopsis gracilenta (Hiern) Schinz
*Chenopodium ambrosioides L.
FoZ #41453
FoZ #25901
*Chenopodium album L.
Cyathula cylindrica Moq.
Schelpe 363
FoZ #301
Cyathula uncinulata (Schrad.) Schinz
*Gomphrena celosioides Mart.
FoZ #33043
Anacardiaceae
Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. var. edulis
FoZ #15148
FoZ #3612
*Mangifera indica L.
Searsia chirindensis (Baker f.) Moffett (=Rhus chirindensis Baker f.)
Müller 3596
Müller 806
Searsia dentata (Thunb.) F.A.Barkley (=Rhus dentata Thunb.)
Searsia longipes (Engl.) Moffett var. longipes (=Rhus longipes Engl. var. longipes)
Loveridge 1090
Searsia lucida (L.) F.A.Barkley (=Rhus lucida L.)
Chase 7358
Müller 3619
Searsia natalensis (C.Krauss) F.A.Barkley (=Rhus natalensis C.Krauss)
Searsia tomentosa (L.) F.A.Barkley (=Rhus tomentosa L.)
FoZ #26271
Annonaceae
FoZ #15212
Annona senegalensis Pers. subsp. senegalensis
Artabotrys monteiroae Oliv.
Chase 5822
Müller 3075
Monanthotaxis chasei (N.Robson) Verdc.
Uvaria lucida Benth. subsp. virens (N.E.Br.) Verdc.
Müller 3094
Xylopia parviflora (A.Rich.) Benth.
Müller 3618
Aphloiaceae
Chase 517
Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Benn.
Apiaceae
FoZ #7647
Alepidea peduncularis A.Rich.
*Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) Benth.
FoZ #98903
Centella asiatica (L.) Urb.
FoZ #24588
Centella virgata (L.f.) Drude var. gracilescens Domin
Chase 6116
Symoens et al. 667
Diplolophium buchananii (Oliv.) C.Norman subsp. swynnertonii (Baker f.) Cannon
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
Name / authority
Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham.& Schltdl. var. abyssinica (A.Rich.) H.Wolff
Heteromorpha arborescens (Spreng.) Cham.& Schltdl. var. montana P.J.D.Winter
Hydrocotyle mannii Hook.f.
Pimpinella caffra (Eckl.& Zeyh.) D.Dietr.
Sanicula elata D.Don
Steganotaenia araliacea Hochst. var. araliacea
Apocynaceae
Asclepias cucullata (Schltr.) Schltr. subsp. scabrifolia (S.Moore) Goyder
Carissa bispinosa (L.) Brenan subsp. zambesiensis Kupicha
Carissa spinarum L. (=C. edulis (Forssk.) Vahl)
Ceropegia abyssinica Decne.
Ceropegia lugardae N.E.Br.
Cryptolepis oblongifolia Schltr.
Cynanchum umtalense Liede (=Cynanchum sp. no.1)
Glossostelma carsonii (N.E.Br.) Bullock
Huernia hislopii Turrill subsp. hislopii
Landolphia buchananii (Hallier f.) Stapf
Landolphia kirkii Hook.f.
Margaretta rosea Oliv. subsp. whytei (K.Schum.) M.Mwanyambo
Mondia whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels
Pachycarpus chirindensis (S.Moore) Goyder
Rauvolfia caffra Sond.
Secamone alpini Schult.
Sphaerocodon caffrum (Meisn.) Schltr.
Strophanthus speciosus (Ward & Harv.) Reber
Tabernaemontana stapfiana Britten
Tabernaemontana ventricosa A.DC.
Tylophora anomala N.E.Br. (=Cynanchum chirindense S.Moore)
Tylophora sp.no. 2 cf. tenuipedunculata (Müller 2841)
Aquifoliaceae
Ilex mitis (L.) Radlk. var. mitis
Araliaceae
Cussonia arborea A.Rich.
Cussonia spicata Thunb.
Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms
Schefflera goetzenii Harms
Schefflera umbellifera (Sond.) Baill.
Aristolochiaceae
Aristolochia albida Duch.
Asteraceae
*Acanthospermum australe (Loefl.) Kuntze
Adenostemma mauritianum DC.
*Ageratum conyzoides L.
*Ageratum houstonianum Mill.
Anisopappus chinensis (L.) Hook.f.& Arn. subsp. chinensis var. dentatus (DC.) S.Ortíz, Paiva & Rodr.Oubiña
Anisopappus kirkii (Oliv.) Brenan
Aspilia mossambicensis (Oliv.) Wild
Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. subsp. pluriseta
Athrixia rosmarinifolia (Walp.) Oliv.& Hiern var. rosmarinifolia
Berkheya setifera DC.
Berkheya zeyheri (Sond.& Harv.) Oliv.& Hiern
*Bidens biternata (Lour.) Merr.& Sherff
*Bidens pilosa L.
Bothriocline inyangana N.E.Br. var. inyangana
*Centratherum punctatum Cass. subsp. punctatum
Chrysanthemoides monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. septentrionale Norl.
Cineraria deltoidea Sond.
Cineraria pulchra Cron
*Conyza aegyptiaca (L.) Aiton
*Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronquist
Conyza gouanii (L.) Willd.
Conyza pinnata (L.f.) Kuntze
*Conyza sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker
*Coreopsis lanceolata L.
117
Voucher
Chase 4417
FoZ #35269
Wild 2840
Chase 6032
FoZ #23850
FoZ #33124
Wursten & Ballings 211
Chase 7018
FoZ #98852
Chase 5535
Chase 1234
FoZ #31948
Chase 6465
Chase 66
Wild 2805
Chase 4594
FoZ #33147
FoZ #15142
FoZ #2472
Obermeyer 2113
Bamps 587
Pole Evans 5114
Chase 5563
FoZ #2873
Biegel 2418
Drummond 5082
FoZ #28705
Harder 3817
Chase 3084
Bamps 634
FoZ #1163
Chase 1971
Wild 2837
Chase 5591
Pole Evans 4822
FoZ #433
Müller 1950
FoZ #3545
FoZ #435
Chase 5581
Schelpe 378
FoZ #4882
Bamps et al. 640
Loveridge 1089
FoZ #39978
FoZ #3926
Chase 2153
FoZ #443
Hopkins 6935
FoZ #6295
FoZ #3596
Chase 7787
FoZ #21501
FoZ #37464
FoZ #19057
FoZ #2258
FoZ #7645
FoZ #2471
FoZ #489
118
Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020)
Name / authority
*Cotula australis (Sieb.& Spreng.) Hook.f.
Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore
Crassocephalum rubens (Jacq.) S.Moore var. rubens
Crassocephalum rubens (Jacq.) S.Moore var. sarcobasis (DC.) C.Jeffrey & Beentje
Crassocephalum × picridifolium (DC.) S.Moore
Dichrocephala integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze subsp. integrifolia
Emilia coccinea (Sims) G.Don
Emilia discifolia (Oliv.) C.Jeffrey
*Erigeron karvinskianus DC.
Erythrocephalum zambesianum Oliv.& Hiern
*Euryops chrysanthemoides (DC.) B.Nord.
*Galinsoga parviflora Cav.
*Galinsoga quadriradiata Ruiz & Pav.
Gerbera piloselloides (L.) Cass.
Gerbera viridifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. subsp. viridifolia
*Gnaphalium purpureum L.
Gutenbergia cordifolia Oliv. var. marginata (O.Hoffm.) C.Jeffrey
Helichrysum adenocarpum DC. subsp. adenocarpum
Helichrysum asperum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Helichrysum buchananii Engl.
Helichrysum candolleanum H.Buek
Helichrysum cephaloideum DC.
Helichrysum goetzeanum O.Hoffm.
Helichrysum kilimanjari Oliv.
Helichrysum kraussii Sch.Bip.
Helichrysum lepidissimum S.Moore
Helichrysum nitens Oliv.& Hiern subsp. nitens
Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less. var. nudifolium
Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less. var. oxyphyllum (DC.) Beentje
Helichrysum nudifolium (L.) Less. var. pilosellum (L.f.) Beentje
Helichrysum odoratissimum (L.) Sweet
Helichrysum panduratum O.Hoffm. var. panduratum
Helichrysum panduratum O.Hoffm. var. transvaalense Moeser
Helichrysum schimperi (A.Rich.) Moeser
Helichrysum umbraculigerum Less.
Hypericophyllum compositarum Steetz
*Hypochaeris radicata L.
Inula glomerata Oliv.& Hiern
Kleinia chimanimaniensis Van Jaarsv. (=K. galpinii Hook.f.)
Lactuca inermis Forssk.
Laggera crispata (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood
Lipotriche scandens (Schumach.) Orchard subsp. madagascariensis (Baker) D.J.N.Hind (=Melanthera
scandens (Schumach.& Thonn.) Roberty)
Microglossa pyrifolia (Lam.) Kuntze
Mikania carteri Baker
Mikania sp. of FoZ
Mikaniopsis cissampelina (DC.) C.Jeffrey
*Montanoa hibiscifolia Benth.
*Neojeffreya decurrens (L.) Cabrera
Nidorella auriculata DC. subsp. auriculata
Nidorella resedifolia DC. subsp. resedifolia
Osteospermum monocepahalum (Oliv.& Hiern) Norl.
Phymaspermum bolusii (Hutch.) Källersjö
*Pseudognaphalium luteo-album (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Pseudognaphalium oligandrum (DC.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Schistostephium crataegifolium (DC.) Harv. (=S. artemisiifolium Baker)
Schistostephium heptalobum (DC.) Oliv.& Hiern
Schistostephium oxylobum S.Moore
Senecio deltoideus Less.
Senecio gazensis S.Moore
Senecio hochstetteri A.Rich.
Senecio inornatus DC.
Senecio latifolius DC.
*Senecio macroglossus DC.
Senecio milanjianus S.Moore
Voucher
FoZ #933
Chase 8303
FoZ #447
Chase 4576
Chase 2148
Chase 7391
FoZ #4114
FoZ #7655
FoZ #3551
Wild 469
FoZ #41177
FoZ #7662
FoZ #7665
Chase 8421
FoZ #651
FoZ #2248
Chase 8291
Bacon 6844
FoZ #21420
Chase 6114
Carter et al. 2121
Chase 6026
FoZ #41358
Symoens et al. 687
Bishop 394
Chase 6115
Bacon 6843
FoZ #4883
FoZ #4884
Wild 468
FoZ #2344
Chase 1237
FoZ #7468
Chase 1237
Chase 1355
Chase 7093
FoZ #2048
FoZ #1413
Schelpe 377
FoZ #19054
FoZ #33120
Chase 7111
FoZ #1621
FoZ #4007
Müller 3036
Fisher 1576
Wild 5513
FoZ #7332
FoZ #15227
Chase 761
FoZ #3919
FoZ #15330
FoZ #2186
FoZ #2188
Bishop 395
FoZ #15218
Chase 8423
FoZ #2219
FoZ #15411
Wild 2821
Chase 6105
Wild 38
Fisher 1545
Wild 2830
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
Name / authority
Senecio oxyriifolius DC.
Senecio purpureus L.
Senecio ruwenzoriensis S.Moore
Senecio syringifolius O.Hoffm.
Senecio tamoides DC.
Senecio triactinus S.Moore
Sigesbeckia orientalis L.
Solanecio mannii (Hook.f.) C.Jeffrey
Sonchus friesii Boulos var. integer G.V.Pope
*Sonchus oleraceus L.
Spilanthes mauritiana (Pers.) DC.
Stomatanthes africanus (Oliv.& Hiern) R.M.King & H.Rob.
*Tagetes minuta L.
Tolpis capensis (L.) Sch.Bip.
*Tridax procumbens L.
*Vernonanthura polyanthes (Sprengel) Vega & Dematteis
Vernonia acuminatissima S.Moore
Vernonia adoensis Sch.Bip.
Vernonia bainesii Oliv.& Hiern subsp. bainesii
Vernonia calvoana (Hook.f.) Hook.f. subsp. meridionalis (Wild) C.Jeffrey
Vernonia colorata (Willd.) Drake subsp. colorata
Vernonia galpinii Klatt
Vernonia glaberrima O.Hoffm.
Vernonia holstii O.Hoffm.
Vernonia karaguensis Oliv.& Hiern
Vernonia lundiensis (Hutch.) Wild & G.V.Pope
Vernonia melleri Oliv.& Hiern var. melleri
Vernonia myriantha Hook.f.
Vernonia natalensis Walp.
Vernonia wollastonii S.Moore
Vernonia petersii Oliv.
Balsaminaceae
Impatiens cecilii N.E.Br. subsp. cecilii
Impatiens sylvicola Burtt Davy & Greenway
Begoniaceae
Begonia sonderiana Irmsch.
Bignoniaceae
*Amphilophium crucigerum (L.) L.G.Lohmann
*Dolichandra unguis-cati (L.) L.G.Lohmann
*Jacaranda mimosifolia D.Don
Podranea brycei (N.E.Br.) Sprague
Boraginaceae
Cynoglossum lanceolatum Forssk.
Cynoglossum wildii E.S.Martins
Brassicaceae
Cardamine africana L.
*Cardamine flexuosa With.
*Coronopus didymus (L.) Sm.
*Lepidium bonariense L.
Cactaceae
Rhipsalis baccifera (J.Mill.) Stearn
Campanulaceae
Lobelia erinus L.
Lobelia goetzei Diels
Lobelia stricklandiae Gilliland
Wahlenbergia denticulata (Burch.) A.DC.
Wahlenbergia madagascariensis A.DC.
Wahlenbergia subaphylla (Baker) Thulin subsp. scoparia (Wild) Thulin
Wahlenbergia undulata (L.f.) A.DC.
Wahlenbergia virgata Engl.
Capparaceae
Cleome monophylla L.
Ritchiea albersii Gilg
Caprifoliaceae
*Sambucus canadensis L.
119
Voucher
Wild 520
Chase 7140
Wild 2822
Hopkins 8046
FoZ #2222
FoZ #5793
FoZ #84888
FoZ #469
FoZ #922
FoZ #920
Eyles 7082
FoZ #15199
FoZ #35492
FoZ #3753
FoZ #3925
FoZ #3740
Hopkins 8053
FoZ #25856
Whellan 747
FoZ # 475
FoZ #2322
Chase 3105
FoZ #4878
Chase 5595
Chase 7138
Ferrar 4069
Chase 5582
Plowes 2706
Fisher 212
Müller 3060
FoZ #43356
Plowes 2322
Eyles 5476
Chase 995
FoZ #18307
FoZ #3975
FoZ #18352
FoZ #3576
Chase 4390
Williams 215
FoZ #15459
FoZ #636
FoZ #19047
FoZ #41218
Eyles 6589
Schelpe 366
FoZ #867
Wild 1592
FoZ #34881
FoZ #5012
Chase 3104
Chase 6125
FoZ #3750
Hyde s.r.
Chase 6225
FoZ #37446
120
Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020)
Name / authority
Caryophyllaceae
*Cerastium glomeratum Thuill.
Drymaria cordata (L.) Roem.& Schult. var. cordata
*Sagina apetala Ard.
Silene burchellii DC. var. angustifolia Sond.
Stellaria mannii Hook.f.
*Stellaria media (L.) Vill.
Celastraceae
Allocassine laurifolia (Harv.) N.Robson
Catha edulis (Vahl) Endl.
Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC.
Gymnosporia buxifolia (L.) Szyszyl.
Gymnosporia harveyana Loes. subsp. harveyana
Gymnosporia mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Loes. subsp. mossambicensis
Gymnosporia senegalensis (Lam.) Loes.
Hippocratea africana (Willd.) Loes. var. richardiana (Cambess.) N.Robson
Maytenus acuminata (L.f.) Loes. var. acuminata
Maytenus chasei N.Robson
Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Blakelock
Chrysobalanaceae
Parinari curatellifolia Benth.
Clusiaceae
Garcinia buchananii Baker
Garcinia kingaensis Engl.
Harungana madagascariensis Poir.
Hypericum aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. sonderi (Bredell) N.Robson
Hypericum peplidifolium A.Rich.
Hypericum revolutum Vahl
Hypericum roeperianum A.Rich.
Psorospermum febrifugum Spach
Combretaceae
Combretum molle G.Don
Combretum psidioides Welw. subsp. psidioides
Connaraceae
Agelaea pentagyna (Lam.) Baill.
Convolvulaceae
*Dichondra micrantha Urb.
Hewittia malabarica (L.) Suresh
*Ipomoea cairica (L.) Sweet var. cairica
Ipomoea involucrata P.Beauv. var. involucrata
Ipomoea obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. var. obscura
Turbina holubii (Baker) A.Meeuse
Cornaceae
Curtisia dentata (Burm.f.) C.A.Sm.
Crassulaceae
*Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken
*Bryophyllum tubiflorum Harv.
Crassula alsinoides (Hook.f.) Engl.
Crassula alticola R.Fern.
Crassula capitella Thunb. subsp. nodulosa (Schönland) Toelken
Crassula expansa Dryand. subsp. expansa
Crassula lanceolata (Eckl.& Zeyh) Walp. subsp. transvaalensis (Kuntze) Toelken
Crassula sarcocaulis Eckl.& Zeyh. subsp. sarcocaulis
Crassula sarmentosa Harv.
Crassula setulosa Harv. var. setulosa
Crassula swaziensis Schönland subsp. swaziensis var. swaziensis
Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw.
Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forssk.) Pers.
Kalanchoe luciae Raym.-Hamet subsp. luciae
Cucurbitaceae
Coccinia adoensis (A.Rich.) Cogn.
Cucumis zeyheri Sond.
Momordica foetida Schumach.
Oreosyce africana Hook.f.
Peponium chirindense (Baker f.) Cogn.
Voucher
Whellan 1560
Chase 6049
FoZ #1808
Chase 7224
Müller plot 68
FoZ #79972
Chase 7199
Chase 784
Müller plot 150
Chase 5571
FoZ #15259
Chase 6279
FoZ #15183
Müller 3149
Chase 4416
Chase 5634
Müller 2803
FoZ #2039
Chase 5296
Müller plot 74
Chase 1970
FoZ #15321
FoZ #15310
Chase 1181
Whellan 1138
FoZ #15157
FoZ #23920
West 6373
Drummond 5079
FoZ #929
FoZ #18123
FoZ #1404
Chase 2163
FoZ #4128
Chase 8589
Chase 4168
FoZ #25790
FoZ #3407
Mavi 1558
FoZ #39862
FoZ #7384
FoZ #79967
FoZ #3494
Ferrar s.n.
FoZ #3499
Chase 6134
Chase 6149
Chase 8445
FoZ #1620
FoZ #4061
Chase 7388
Chase 8485
Wild 14218
Chase 6222
Müller 3486
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
Name / authority
Zehneria minutiflora (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey
Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond. subsp. scabra
Zehneria thwaitesii (Schweinf.) C.Jeffrey
Dipsacaceae
Scabiosa columbaria L.
Dipterocarpaceae
Monotes engleri Gilg
Droseraceae
Drosera burkeana Planch.
Drosera dielsiana Exell & J.R.Laundon
Ebenaceae
Diospyros abyssinica (Hiern) F.White subsp. abyssinica
Diospyros lycioides Desf. subsp. sericea (Bernh.) De Winter
Diospyros natalensis (Harv.) Brenan subsp. nummularia (Brenan) Jordaan
Diospyros whyteana (Hiern) F.White
Ericaceae
Erica hexandra (S.Moore) E.G.H.Oliv.
Erica johnstoniana Britten
Erythroxylaceae
Erythroxylum emarginatum Thonn.
Euphorbiaceae
Adenocline acuta (Thunb.) Baill.
Croton sylvaticus C.Krauss
Euphorbia benthamii Hiern
*Euphorbia peplus L.
*Euphorbia prostrata Aiton
*Euphorbia tirucalli L.
*Homalanthus populifolius Graham
Leidesia procumbens (L.) Prain
Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Sim
Macaranga mellifera Prain
Neoboutonia macrocalyx Pax
*Ricinus communis L. var. communis
Shirakiopsis elliptica (Hochst.) Esser (=Sapium ellipticum (Krauss) Pax)
Suregada procera (Prain) Croizat
Tannodia swynnertonii (S.Moore) Prain
*Vernicia montana Lour.
Fabaceae: Caesalpinioideae
Bauhinia galpinii N.E.Br.
Bauhinia petersiana Bolle
*Bauhinia variegata L. var. variegata
Brachystegia spiciformis Benth.
Brachystegia utilis Hutch.& Burtt Davy
Chamaecrista kirkii (Oliv.) Standl. var. kirkii
Chamaecrista parva (Steyaert) Lock
Chamaecrista wittei (Ghesq.) Lock
Julbernardia globiflora (Benth.) Troupin
*Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
Senna petersiana (Bolle) Lock
*Senna septemtrionalis (Viv.) H.S.Irwin & Barneby
Fabaceae: Mimosoideae
Acacia abyssinica Benth.
Acacia amythethophylla A.Rich.
Acacia cornigera (L.) Willd. (=A. spadicigera Schltr. & Cham.)
*Acacia mearnsii De Wild.
*Acacia melanoxylon R.Br.
*Acacia podalyriifolia G.Don
Acacia sieberiana DC. var. woodii (Burtt Davy) Keay & Brenan
Albizia adianthifolia (Schumach.) W.Wight
Albizia antunesiana Harms
Albizia glaberrima (Schumach.& Thonn.) Benth. var. glabrescens (Oliv.) Brenan
Albizia gummifera (J.F.Gmel.) C.A.Sm.
Albizia schimperiana Oliv. var. schimperiana
Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn.
Entada abyssinica A.Rich.
121
Voucher
Ferrar 4020
Müller plot 169
Chase 5550
FoZ #556
FoZ #557
Carly 467
FoZ #644
Müller 3043
Bamps 626
Müller 2556
Chase 1495
van der Berghen 623
Galpin 9267
Bamps et al. 648
Chase 8491
Drummond 5090
Chase 5539
FoZ #581
FoZ #3742
Chase 5161
FoZ #3728
Wild 6447
Chase 5565
Chase 5455
FoZ #7425
FoZ #25729
Chase 7115
Müller 2557
Müller plot 172
FoZ #3799
FoZ #506
FoZ #1030
FoZ #17371
Chase 4153
Chase 4154
Chase 5489
Ferrar s.n.
Chase 8493
FoZ #1040
Methuen 43
FoZ #3923
Grosvenor 11
Chase 7796
FoZ #15446
Obermeyer 2061
FoZ #3591
Biegel 2431
FoZ #3800
Biegel 2430
Müller 3383
FoZ #15145
Müller 3097
Wild 1596
Chase 6223
FoZ #15202
Chase 5554
122
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Name / authority
Newtonia buchananii (Baker f.) G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique
Fabaceae: Papilionoideae
Aeschynomene nodulosa (Baker) Baker f. var. nodulosa
Argyrolobium rupestre (E.Mey.) Walp. subsp. rupestre
Argyrolobium tomentosum (Andrews) Druce
Craibia brevicaudata (Vatke) Dunn subsp. baptistarum (Büttner) J.B.Gillett
Crotalaria capensis Jacq.
Crotalaria cephalotes A.Rich.
Crotalaria chirindae Baker f.
Crotalaria gazensis Baker f. subsp. gazensis
Crotalaria hyssopifolia Klotzsch
Crotalaria laburnifolia L. subsp. australis (Baker f.) Polhill
Crotalaria lachnophora A.Rich.
Crotalaria lanceolata E.Mey. subsp. lanceolata
Crotalaria pallida Aiton var. pallida
Crotalaria variegata Baker (=C. sericifolia Harms)
Dalbergia lactea Vatke
Dalbergia nitidula Baker
Desmodium adscendens (Sw.) DC. var. robustum B.G.Schub.
Desmodium barbatum (L.) Benth. var. dimorphum (Baker) B.G.Schub.
Desmodium repandum (Vahl) DC.
Desmodium setigerum (E.Mey.) Harv.
*Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC.
Dolichos kilimandscharicus Taub. subsp. kilimandscharicus
Dolichos sericeus E.Mey. subsp. sericeus
Dumasia villosa DC. var. villosa
Eriosema buchananii Baker f. var. buchananii
Eriosema burkei Harv.
Eriosema chrysadenium Taub. var. chrysadenium
Eriosema ellipticum Baker subsp. ellipticum
Eriosema psoraleoides (Lam.) G.Don
Erythrina lysistemon Hutch.
Flemingia grahamiana Wight & Arn.
Indigofera arrecta A.Rich.
Indigofera cecilii N.E.Br.
Indigofera hilaris Eckl.& Zeyh.
Indigofera lyallii Baker subsp. lyallii
Indigofera paniculata Pers. subsp. gazensis (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett
Indigofera setiflora Baker var. setifera
Kotschya strigosa (Benth.) Dewit & P.A.Duvign. var. strigosa
Lablab purpureus (L.) Sw. subsp. uncinatus Verdc. var. uncinatus
Lotononis listii Polhill
Lotus arabicus L.
Lotus discolor E.Mey. subsp. mollis J.B.Gillett
Lotus namulensis Brand
Macrotyloma densiflorum (Baker) Verdc. var. densiflorum
Mucuna coriacea Baker subsp. irritans (Burtt Davy) Verdc.
Ormocarpum kirkii S.Moore
Otholobium foliosum (Oliv.) C.H.Stirt. subsp. gazense (Baker f.) Verdc.
Philenoptera violacea (Klotzsch) Schrire (=Lonchocarpus capassa Rolfe)
Pseudarthria hookeri Wight & Arn. var. hookeri
Pterocarpus angolensis DC.
Pterocarpus rotundifolius (Sond.) Druce subsp. rotundifolius
Rhynchosia clivorum S.Moore subsp. pycnantha (Harms) Verdc.
Rhynchosia monophylla Schltr.
Rhynchosia swynnertonii Baker f.
Sphenostylis zimbabweensis Mithen
Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz.) Alston
Tephrosia dasyphylla Baker subsp. dasyphylla
Tephrosia festina Brummitt
Tephrosia meisneri Hutch.& Burtt Davy (=T. glomeruliflora Meisn. subsp. meisneri (Hutch.& Burtt Davy)
Schrire)
Tephrosia paniculata Baker subsp. paniculata
Tephrosia rhodesica Baker f. var. polystachyoides (Baker f.) Brummitt
Tylosema fassoglensis (Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc.
Voucher
Chase 878
FoZ #2041
Bamps et al. s.n.
FoZ #41255
Wild 1586
Corby 1582
Chase 8565
Hopkins 8033
Müller 6684
Chase 7055
Corby 1445
Chase 7449
Chase 7469
FoZ #5617
Chase 6366
Müller plot 149
Chase 168
FoZ #35168
Staples 183
Chase 580
Chase 8557
FoZ #3543
FoZ #15323
Chase 6930
Whellan 1598
FoZ #52033
Corby 266
FoZ #6264
FoZ #1617
FoZ #1697
FoZ #1688
Chase 1739
FoZ #40764
FoZ #7519
Jacobsen 1488
FoZ #5628
Chase 6109
Hopkins 7080
Chase 3732
Chase 8292
FoZ #73221
Bamps et al. 676
Chase 3107
Chase 3106
Carter 2128
FoZ #1699
Carter 2129
FoZ #2366
Chase 60
FoZ #2457
FoZ #15141
FoZ #98755
Fischer 1313
FoZ #3749
Chase 8004
Chase 1530
Staples 185
Chase 1964
Biegel 2432
Chase 8151
Chase 7318
Chase 1966
FoZ #3927
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
Name / authority
Vigna gazensis Baker f.
Vigna schlechteri Harms
Vigna vexillata (L.) A.Rich. var. vexillata
Zornia milneana Mohlenbr.
Gelsemiaceae
Mostuea brunonis Didr. var. brunonis
Gentianaceae
Sebaea leiostyla Gilg
Geraniaceae
Geranium arabicum Forssk. subsp. arabicum
Geranium incanum Burm.f. subsp. nyassense (R.Knuth) J.R.Laundon
Pelargonium luridum (Andrews) Sweet
Pelargonium mossambicense Engl.
Gesneriaceae
Streptocarpus eylesii S.Moore subsp. eylesii
Streptocarpus hirticapsa B.L.Burtt
Streptocarpus michelmorei B.L.Burtt
Streptocarpus umtaliensis B.L.Burtt NE
Halogoraceae
*Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.
Heteropyxidaceae
Heteropyxis dehniae Suess.
Hydrostachyaceae
Hydrostachys polymorpha A.Braun
Icacinaceae
Apodytes dimidiata Arn. subsp. dimidiata
Iteaceae
Choristylis rhamnoides Harv.
Lamiaceae
Aeollanthus buchnerianus Briq.
Aeollanthus serpiculoides Baker
Clerodendrum cephalanthum Oliv. subsp. swynnertonii (S.Moore) Verdc.
Haumaniastrum dissitifolium (Baker) A.J.Paton
Haumaniastrum sericeum (Briq.) A.J.Paton
Haumaniastrum villosum (Benth.) A.J.Paton
Hoslundia opposita Vahl
*Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit.
*Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.
Leonotis ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson var. raineriana (Vis.) Iwarsson
Leucas milanjiana Gürke
Micromeria imbricata (Forssk.) C.Chr. var. imbricata (=Satureja punctata (Benth.) Briq.)
Ocimum obovatum Benth. subsp. obovatum var. obovatum
Plectranthus chimanimanensis S.Moore
Plectranthus esculentus N.E.Br.
Plectranthus hadiensis (Forssk.) Spreng.
Plectranthus hereroensis Engl.
Plectranthus kapatensis (R.E.Fr.) J.K.Morton
Plectranthus lanuginosus (Benth.) Agnew
Plectranthus laxiflorus Benth.
Plectranthus sanguineus Britten
Plectranthus swynnertonii S.Moore
Pycnostachys reticulata (E.Mey.) Benth.
Pycnostachys urticifolia Hook.
Rotheca myricoides (Hochst.) D.A.Steane & Mabb.
*Salvia coccinea Etl.
Tetradenia riparia (Hochst.) Codd
Vitex doniana Sweet
Vitex madiensis Oliv. subsp. milanjiensis (Britten) F.White
Lauraceae
*Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J.Presl
*Cinnamomum verum J.Presl
Cryptocarya liebertiana Engl.
*Persea americana Mill.
Lentibulariaceae
Genlisea hispidula Stapf
123
Voucher
Chase 6510
Wild 2844
FoZ #24719
FoZ #41451
Chase 6745
Hopkins 7257
FoZ #25127
Drummond 5093
Chase 7921
Eyles 9276
Plowes 2170
Ferrar s.n.
FoZ #627
Chase 1374
Denny 1312
FoZ #3610
Chase 6637
Chase 366
Chase 1736
Fisher 1627
Whellan 749
Chase 2164
FoZ #73536
Hopkins s.n.
Chase 6566
FoZ #1752
FoZ #876
FoZ #27586
FoZ #34929
FoZ #3922
Chase 7137
FoZ #3364
Chase 6021
FoZ #7536
FoZ #21128
Chase 6512
Chase 5563
FoZ #15345
Chase 1999
FoZ #2052
Eyles 7084
Chase 2000
FoZ #37502
FoZ #873
FoZ #37444
Carter 2131
Masterson 570
Chase 1965
FoZ #23896
FoZ #25873
Müller 3382
FoZ #3716
Philcox et al. 8951
124
Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020)
Name / authority
Utricularia firmula Oliv.
Utricularia livida E.Mey.
Utricularia scandens Benj.
Utricularia subulata L.
Linderniaceae
Craterostigma lanceolatum (Engl.) Skan
Craterostigma sp. no. 1 cf. lanceolatum
Linderniella pulchella (Skan) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh.& Kai Müll. (=Lindernia pulchella (Skan) Philcox)
Linderniella wilmsii (Engl.) Eb.Fisch., Schäferh.& Kai Müll. (=Lindernia wilmsii (Engl.) Philcox)
Loganiaceae
Strychnos angolensis Gilg
Strychnos lucens Baker
Strychnos spinosa Lam.
Strychnos usambarensis Gilg
Loranthaceae
Agelanthus lancifolius Polhill & Wiens
Agelanthus molleri (Engl.) Polhill & Wiens
Agelanthus nyasicus (Baker & Sprague) Polhill & Wiens
Englerina oedostemon (Danser) Polhill & Wiens NE
Malvaceae: Byttnerioideae, Helicteroideae & Sterculioideae
Cola greenwayi Brenan var. greenwayi
Dombeya burgessiae Harv.
Dombeya rotundifolia (Hochst.) Planch.
Melhania randii Baker f.
Waltheria indica L.
Malvaceae: Grewioideae
Grewia occidentalis L. var. occidentalis
Grewia stolzii Ulbr.
Sparrmannia ricinocarpa (Eckl.& Zeyh.) Kuntze
Triumfetta annua L.
Triumfetta pilosa Roth var. pilosa
Triumfetta rhomboidea Jacq.
Malvaceae: Malvoideae
Abutilon sonneratianum (Cav.) Sweet
Azanza garckeana (F.Hoffm.) Exell & Hillc.
Hibiscus fuscus Garcke
Hibiscus shirensis Sprague & Hutch.
Hibiscus surattensis L.
*Malvastrum coromandelianum (L.) Garcke
Pavonia columella Cav.
Pavonia urens Cav.
Melastomataceae
Antherotoma naudinii Hook.f.
Dissotis princeps (Kunth) Triana var. princeps
Meliaceae
Ekebergia benguelensis C.DC.
Ekebergia capensis Sparrm.
Khaya anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC.
Trichilia dregeana Sond.
Melianthaceae
Bersama abyssinica Fresen. subsp. nyassae (Baker f.) F.White
Bersama swynnertonii Baker f.
Menispermaceae
Cissampelos mucronata A.Rich.
Cissampelos torulosa Harv.
Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill.& A.Rich.) Walp. var. abyssinica
Stephania abyssinica (Quart.-Dill.& A.Rich.) Walp. var. tomentella (Oliv.) Diels
Tiliacora funifera (Miers) Oliv.
Molluginaceae
Corrigiola drymarioides Baker f.
Mollugo cerviana (L.) Ser. var. cerviana
Monimiaceae
Xymalos monospora (Harv.) Baill.
Moraceae
Dorstenia buchananii Engl. var. buchananii
Voucher
Philcox et al. 8952
Chase 6112
Chase 5539
Philcox et al. 8950
FoZ #53083
FoZ #28553
Philcox 8971
Philcox 8972
Müller 3801
FoZ #1306
FoZ #15189
FoZ #1308
FoZ #39863
Polhill & Pope 4746
Chase 578
Polhill & Pope 4747
Drummond 5092
Loveridge 1089
FoZ #1785
FoZ #3924
FoZ #37490
FoZ #3190
FoZ #7353
Chase 1678
FoZ #7392
FoZ #7393
Wild 500
Wild 472
FoZ #98753
Chase 8301
FoZ #7152
Chase 8558
FoZ #4040
Fisher 1601
FoZ #1221
Schelpe 365
Whellan 1980
FoZ #98848
Chase 555
FoZ #25861
Chase 3506
FoZ #98884
Chase 7020
FoZ #37441
Chase 1544
Wild 495
FoZ #27674
Grosvenor 265
Chase 1183
Chase s.n.
Chase 6179
Chase 6259
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
125
Name / authority
Voucher
Müller plot 78
Ficus chirindensis C.C.Berg
Ficus craterostoma Mildbr.& Burret
Plowes 2184
Ficus exasperata Vahl
Masterson 602
Hyde s.n.
Ficus natalensis Hochst. subsp. graniticola J.E.Burrows
Ficus rokko Warb.& Schweinf. (=F. thonningii Blume in part)
Biegel 2490
FoZ #15572
Ficus scassellatii Pamp. subsp. scassellatii
Ficus sur Forssk.
FoZ #3525
Chase 5625
Trilepisium madagascariense DC.
Myricaceae
FoZ #3553
Morella pilulifera (Rendle) Killick
Myrothamnaceae
FoZ #2038
Myrothamnus flabellifolius Welw.
Myrsinaceae
Embelia schimperi Vatke
Chase 1443
Maesa lanceolata Forssk.
Obermeyer 2053
Chase 5295
Myrsine africana L.
Rapanea melanophloeos (L.) Mez
Chase 6739
Myrtaceae
FoZ #1226
Eugenia malangensis (O.Hoffm.) Nied.
Chase 7219
Eugenia natalitia Sond. (incl. E. nyassensis Engl., E. capensis (Eckl.& Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. nyassensis (Engl.)
F.White)
FoZ #7397
*Psidium cattleianum Sabine
*Psidium guajava L.
FoZ #3529
Syzygium cordatum C.Krauss
Bamps et al. 621
Chase 5626
Syzygium guineense (Willd.) DC. subsp. afromontanum F.White (=S. gerrardii (Hook.f.) F.White)
*Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston
FoZ #25884
Ochnaceae
Wild 1594
Ochna holstii Engl.
Oleaceae
Chionanthus battiscombei (Hutch.) Stearn
Müller 3077
Müller plot 153
Chionanthus foveolatus (E.Mey.) Stearn subsp. major (I.Verd.) Stearn
Jasminum abyssinicum DC.
FoZ #15266
Müller plot 149
Jasminum streptopus E.Mey.
Olea capensis L. subsp. macrocarpa (C.H.Wright) I.Verd.
Müller plot 152
FoZ #3586
Schrebera alata (Hochst.) Welw.
Opiliaceae
Opilia amentacea Roxb.
FoZ #6110
Orobanchaceae
Chase 6035, Philcox 8953
Alectra sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze (incl. var. monticola (Engl.) Melch. & var. senegalensis (Benth.) Hepper)
Buchnera speciosa Skan
Chase 4199
Chase 611
Cycnium adonense Benth. subsp. adonense
Sopubia ramosa (Hochst.) Hochst.
Bacon s.n.
Striga bilabiata (Thunb.) Kuntze
Wild 2807
FoZ #24937
Striga elegans Benth.
Oxalidaceae
Chase 5534
Biophytum umbraculum Welw.
FoZ #7
*Oxalis corniculata L.
*Oxalis latifolia Kunth
FoZ #5774
Oxalis semiloba Sond. subsp. semiloba
FoZ #15219
Passifloraceae
FoZ #37462
Adenia digitata (Harv.) Engl.
FoZ #98866
Adenia gummifera (Harv.) Harms var. gummifera
Müller 3621
Adenia lobata (Jacq.) Engl. subsp. rumicifolia (Engl.& Harms) Lye
Basananthe apetala (Baker f.) W.J.de Wilde
FoZ #22042
FoZ #3760
*Passiflora edulis Sims
Penaeaceae
Olinia vanguerioides Baker f.
Fisher 1218
Peraceae
Whellan 1599
Clutia abyssinica Jaub.& Spach var. abyssinica
FoZ #40916
Clutia paxii Pax
Galpin 9271
Clutia swynnertonii S.Moore
Phyllanthaceae
Müller 3380
Antidesma membranaceum Müll.Arg.
Antidesma venosum Tul.
FoZ #15191
126
Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020)
Name / authority
Antidesma vogelianum Müll.Arg.
Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Baill.
Cleistanthus polystachyus Planch. subsp. milleri (Dunkley) Radcl.-Sm. (=C. apetalus S.Moore)
Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Webster var. nitida (Pax) Radcl.-Sm.
Phyllanthus beillei Hutch.
Phyllanthus ovalifolius Forssk. (=P. guineensis Pax)
Uapaca kirkiana Müll.Arg. var. kirkiana
Phytolaccaceae
Phytolacca dodecandra L’Hér.
*Phytolacca octandra L.
Piperaceae
Peperomia bangroana C.DC. (=P. rotundifolia sensu FZ)
Peperomia blanda (Jacq.) Kunth var. leptostachya (Hook.& Arn.) Düll
Peperomia retusa (L.f.) A.Dietr.
Peperomia tetraphylla (G.Forst.) Hook.& Arn.
Piper capense L.f. var. capense
Pittosporaceae
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. viridiflorum
Plantaginaceae
*Linaria vulgaris Mill.
*Plantago major L.
*Veronica javanica Blume
Polemoniaceae
*Cobaea scandens Cav.
Polygalaceae
Polygala gazensis Baker f.
Polygala ohlendorfiana Eckl.& Zeyh.
Polygala virgata Thunb. var. decora (Sond.) Harv.
Polygala wilmsii Chodat
Securidaca longepedunculata Fresen.
Polygonaceae
Oxygonum dregeanum Meisn. subsp. canescens (Sond.) Germish.
*Persicaria capitata (D.Don) H.Gross
*Rumex acetosella L. subsp. angiocarpus (Murb.) Murb.
*Rumex crispus L.
Rumex sagittatus Thunb.
Primulaceae
Ardisiandra wettsteinii R.Wagner
Proteaceae
Faurea rochetiana (A.Rich.) Pic.Serm.
Faurea rubriflora Marner
Faurea saligna Harv.
*Grevillea robusta R.Br.
Protea caffra Meisn. subsp. gazensis (Beard) Chisumpa & Brummitt
Protea gaguedi J.F.Gmel.
Protea petiolaris (Hiern) Baker subsp. elegans Chisumpa & Brummitt
Protea welwitschii Engl.
Putranjivaceae
Drypetes gerrardii Hutch. var. gerrardii
Drypetes natalensis (Harv.) Hutch. var. natalensis
Ranunculaceae
Clematis brachiata Thunb.
Clematis simensis Fresen.
Ranunculus multifidus Forssk.
Thalictrum rhynchocarpum Quart.-Dill.& A.Rich.
Rhamnaceae
Gouania longispicata Engl.
Rhamnus prinoides L’Hér.
Scutia myrtina (Burm.f.) Kurz
Ziziphus mucronata Willd.
Rhizophoraceae
Cassipourea gummiflua Tul. var. verticillata (N.E.Br.) J.Lewis
Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston (=C. congoensis sensu auct.)
Rosaceae
Alchemilla kiwuensis Engl.
Voucher
Hyde s.r.
FoZ #3580
Wild 5551
Chase 5483
Chase 5596
Müller plot 79
FoZ #596
Müller 3092
FoZ #2561
Müller 3067
Chase 851
Wild 2836
Müller 3061
Plowes 2163
Chase 7218
FoZ #5438
Ferrar s.n.
Wild 1591
Edwards s.n.
Schelpe 374
Chase 7873
FoZ #25783
Obermeyer 2048
FoZ #3920
Craster s.n.
FoZ #1294
FoZ #2778
FoZ #2781
FoZ #2783
FoZ #2772
Fisher 337
Chase 6045
Hyde s.n.
FoZ #7595
FoZ #7648
FoZ #4872
Mitchell s.n.
FoZ #1352
Hyde s.n.
FoZ #5654
Müller 3403
Müller 3087
FoZ #98776
FoZ #2887
Simon 925
Fisher 1334
Müller 3391
FoZ #5025
Chase 1802
Chase 5454
Chase 1162
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
127
Name / authority
Voucher
Chase 1182
Cliffortia serpyllifolia Cham.& Schltdl.
*Cotoneaster pannosus Franch.
FoZ #3811
*Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.
FoZ #18306
Chase 6198
Prunus africana (Hook.f.) Kalkman
*Prunus cerasoides D.Don
Bannermann s.n.
FoZ #2697
*Rubus niveus Thunb.
Rubiaceae
Afrocanthium ngonii (Bridson) Lantz (=Canthium ngonii Bridson, C. pseudoverticillatum sensu R.B. Drumm.)
Müller 3068
Agathisanthemum bojeri Klotzsch subsp. bojeri
FoZ #35444
Chase 5552
Aidia micrantha (K.Schum.) F.White var. msonju (K.Krause) Petit
Anthospermum ammanioides S.Moore
FoZ #1592
FoZ #1907
Anthospermum herbaceum L.f.
Chase 6037
Anthospermum vallicola S.Moore
Anthospermum whyteanum Britten
Chase 6038
Anthospermum zimbabwense Puff NE
FoZ #2034
Chase 5351
Canthium inerme (L.f.) Kuntze
Cephalanthus natalensis Oliv.
Greenway 8802
FoZ #14119
*Coffea arabica L.
Coffea mufindiensis Bridson subsp. australis Bridson (=C. ligustroides sensu Garcia)
Drummond 5088
Chase 6039
Conostomium natalense (Hochst.) Bremek.
Müller 2561
Coptosperma supra-axillare (Hemsl.) Degreef (=Tarenna supra-axillaris (Hemsl.) Bremek. subsp.
barbertonensis (Bremek.) Bridson)
Cremaspora triflora (Thonn.) K.Schum. subsp. triflora
FoZ #99093
Fadogia ancylantha Schweinf.
FoZ #786
FoZ #2219
Fadogia homblei De Wild.
Galium chloroionanthum K.Schum.
Müller plot 82
Chase 342
Galopina circaeoides Thunb.
Gardenia imperialis K.Schum. subsp. imperialis
Chase 6555
Chase 1466
Heinsenia diervilleoides K.Schum. subsp. diervilleoides
Hymenodictyon floribundum (Hochst.& Steud.) B.L.Rob.
FoZ #3505
Chase 1810
Keetia gueinzii (Sond.) Bridson (=Canthium gueinzii Sond.)
Kohautia amatymbica Eckl.& Zeyh.
FoZ #4405
FoZ #2042
Leptactina benguelensis (Benth.& Hook.f.) R.D.Good subsp. pubescens Verdc.
Mussaenda arcuata Poir.
Wild 552
Chase 2162
Oldenlandia affinis (Roem.& Schult.) DC. subsp. fugax (Vatke) Verdc.
Oldenlandia goreensis (DC.) Summerh. var. goreensis
FoZ #3350
Ballings 1734
Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb. var. herbacea
Otiophora inyangana N.E.Br. subsp. inyangana
Chase 7299
FoZ #3772
Oxyanthus goetzei K.Schum. subsp. goetzei
Oxyanthus speciosus DC. subsp. stenocarpus (K.Schum.) Bridson
Chase 281
FoZ #7191
Pavetta comostyla S.Moore subsp. comostyla var. inyangensis (Bremek.) Bridson
Pavetta umtalensis Bremek.
Chase 5490
Pentanisia schweinfurthii Hiern
Obermeyer 2029
Eyles 7081
Pentas purpurea Oliv. subsp. purpurea
Chase 6280
Psychotria mahonii C.H.Wright
Psychotria peduncularis (Salisb.) Steyerm.
Masterson 559b
Drummond 5098
Psychotria zombamontana (Kuntze) E.M.A.Petit
Psydrax kraussioides (Hiern) Bridson
Müller 25
Psydrax parviflora (Afzel.) Bridson subsp. chapmanii Bridson (=Canthium vulgare (K.Schum.) Bullock)
Müller 3050
Müller 3747
Pyrostria bibracteata (Baker) Cavaco
*Richardia brasiliensis Gomes
FoZ #37438
FoZ #3354
*Richardia scabra L.
Chase 6999
Rothmannia fischeri (K.Schum.) Bullock subsp. moramballae (Hiern) Bridson
Rothmannia urcelliformis (Hiern) Robyns
Chase 6210
Greatrex-SRGH 14938
Rubia cordifolia L. subsp. conotricha (Gand.) Verdc.
Rutidea fuscescens Hiern subsp. fuscescens
FoZ #15915
Rytigynia macrura Verdc. (=R. sp. 1 of Drummond)
Müller 3595
FoZ #3509
Sericanthe andongensis (Hiern) Robbr. subsp. engleri (K.Krause) Bridson
Sericanthe sp. A of FZ
Müller 3082
Spermacoce natalensis Hochst.
Hopkins 7096
Chase 4151
Tapiphyllum velutinum (Hiern) Robyns
FoZ #3806
Tarenna pavettoides (Harv.) Sim subsp. affinis (K.Schum.) Bridson
Tricalysia coriacea (Benth.) Hiern subsp. angustifolia (J.C.Garcia) Robbr.
Müller plot 68
Tricalysia pallens Hiern
Müller plot 91
Müller 2425
Vangueria apiculata K.Schum.
128
Jonathan Timberlake et al. / PhytoKeys 145: 93–129 (2020)
Name / authority
Vangueria esculenta S.Moore
Vangueria infausta Burch. subsp. infausta
Rutaceae
Calodendrum capense (L.f.) Thunb.
*Casimiroa edulis La Llave
*Citrus limon (L.) Burm.f.
Clausena anisata (Willd.) Benth. var. anisata
Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam.
Vepris bachmannii (Engl.) Mziray (=Oricia bachmannii (Engl.) I.Verd.)
Vepris nobilis (Delile) Mziray (=Teclea nobilis Delile)
Zanthoxylum davyi (I.Verd.) P.G.Waterman
Salicaceae
Casearia battiscombei R.E.Fr.
Dovyalis lucida Sim
Scolopia stolzii Gilg var. stolzii
Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. subsp. grandifolia
Santalaceae
Osyridicarpos schimperianus (A.Rich.) A.DC.
Osyris lanceolata Hochst.& Steud.
Thesium ussanguense Engl.
Viscum shirense Sprague
Sapindaceae
Alophyllus abyssinicus (Hochst.) Radlk.
Alophyllus africanus P.Beauv.
Alophyllus chirindensis Baker f.
Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. subsp. angustifolia (L.f.) J.G.West
Filicium decipiens (Wight & Arn.) Thwaites
Zanha africana (Radlk.) Exell
Zanha golungensis Hiern
Sapotaceae
Chrysophyllum gorungosanum Engl.
Englerophytum magalismontanum (Sond.) T.D.Penn.
Englerophytum natalense (Sond.) T.D.Penn.
Manilkara discolor (Sond.) J.H.Hemsl.
Mimusops zeyheri Sond.
Scrophulariaceae
Buddleja pulchella N.E.Br.
Buddleja salviifolia (L.) Lam.
Diclis ovata Benth.
Diclis tenella Hemsl.
Freylinia tropica S.Moore
Hebenstretia angolensis Rolfe
Hebenstretia oatesii Rolfe subsp. rhodesiana Roessler
Jamesbrittenia carvalhoi (Engl.) Hilliard
Nemesia zimbabwensis Rendle
Selago goetzei Rolfe subsp. ambigua Hilliard
Solanaceae
*Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl.
*Nicandra physalodes (L.) Gaertn.
*Physalis peruviana L.
*Solanum aculeatissimum Jacq.
Solanum anguivi Lam.
*Solanum betaceum Cav. (=Cyphomandra betacea (Cav.) Sendtn.)
Solanum campylacanthum A.Rich. (=S. panduriforme E.Mey., S. incanum auct.)
*Solanum lycopersicum L. (=Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
*Solanum mauritianum Scop.
Solanum terminale Forssk.
Sterculiaceae (see Malvaceae: Byttnerioideae, Helicteroideae & Sterculioideae)
Stilbaceae
Halleria lucida L.
Nuxia congesta Fresen.
Nuxia floribunda Benth.
Thymelaeaceae
Dais cotinifolia L.
Gnidia kraussiana Meisn. var. kraussiana
Voucher
Müller 3054
FoZ #15143
Hyde s.r.
FoZ #21844
FoZ #4034
Whellan 761
Bamps et al 625
Chase s.n.
Chase 5297
Müller plot 152
Chase 6177
FoZ #79997
Chase 5594
Drummond 5095
Müller 3594
FoZ #955
Bamps et al 691
Müller 4744
Chase 6226
Carter 2130
Müller 3494
Williams 223
Chase 1968
FoZ #15195
Müller 3373
Chase 7690
FoZ #1383
Müller 3622
Chase 4559
Chase 1741
Müller plot 146
Chase 7798
Mavi 1785
Chase 6119
FoZ #784
Chase 6124
FoZ #24443
Chase 259
Whellan 1559
Whellan 1143
FoZ #18295
FoZ #114
FoZ #1201
Biegel 2429
Müller 2628
Masterson 1327
FoZ #7241
FoZ #21088
FoZ #7344
Drummond 5083
Plowes 2503
Simon 921
Plowes 2183
FoZ #4994
Chase 7368
Plant checklist for the Bvumba Mountains
Name / authority
Peddiea africana Harv.
Synaptolepis alternifolia Oliv.
Tiliaceae (see Malvaceae: Grewioideae)
Turneraceae
Tricliceras longepedunculatum (Mast.) R.Fern. var. longepedunculatum
Ulmaceae
Celtis africana Burm.f.
Trema orientalis (L.) Blume
Urticaceae
Boehmeria macrophylla Hornem.
Droguetia iners (Forssk.) Schweinf.
Elatostema monticola Hook.f.
Laportea alatipes Hook.f.
Laportea mooreana (Hiern) Chew
Laportea peduncularis (Wedd.) Chew subsp. peduncularis
Myrianthus holstii Engl.
*Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm.
Pilea tetraphylla (Steud.) Blume
Pouzolzia parasitica (Forssk.) Schweinf.
Urera hypselodendron (A.Rich.) Wedd.
Urera trinervis (Hochst.) Friis & Immelman
Verbenaceae
*Lantana camara L.
Lantana swynnertonii Moldenke
Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng.
*Verbena bonariensis L.
*Verbena brasiliensis Vell.
Violaceae
Rinorea convallarioides (Baker f.) Eyles subsp. convallarioides
Rinorea ferruginea Engl.
Viola abyssinica Oliv.
Vitaceae
Cayratia gracilis (Guill.& Perr.) Suess.
Cissus petiolata Hook.f.
Cyphostemma buchananii (Planch.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
Cyphostemma kilimandscharicum (Gilg) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
Cyphostemma montanum Wild & R.B.Drumm.
Rhoicissus rhomboidea (Harv.) Planch.
Rhoicissus tomentosa (Lam.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Wild & R.B.Drumm.
129
Voucher
Chase 1969
Chase 6502
Bamps et al 643
Chase 7012
Bamps et al 728
Chase 7135
FoZ #3789
Müller 803
Biegel 3498
Chase 6059
Müller 3398
Chase 5790
FoZ #37433
Chase 7487
FoZ #15694
Chase 8439
Müller 3498
FoZ #7593
FoZ #29009
FoZ #1552
FoZ #1582
Bamps et al 617
Müller 3495
Drummond 5081
Biegel 2423
Chase 7300
Müller 3093
Wild 2834
Chase 8182
FoZ #1776
Chase 7394
FoZ #3574
FoZ #15342