Phytotaxa 66: 6–12 (2012) www.mapress.com/ phytotaxa / Copyright © 2012 Magnolia Press ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) PHYTOTAXA Article ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) A new species and new combinations of Memecylon in Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia LAHIRU S. WIJEDASA1,2,3 & MARK HUGHES2 1 Singapore Botanic Garden, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore 259569. Email: lahirux@gmail.com Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh EH3 5LR. Email: m.hughes@rbge.ac.uk 3 Rimba, 18E Kampung Basung, Kuala Berang 21700, Terengganu, Malaysia 2 Abstract Memecylon corticosum is re-circumscribed to include M. kratense as a variety, and M. caudatum is considered synonymous with M. corticosum var. corticosum. A new combination has been made for M. pauciflorum var. brevifolium as it is considered conspecific to M. scutellatum, and is recognised as a variety. Finally, the new species M. perplexum is described from Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. Introduction Memecylon Linnaeus (1753: 359) currently contains 317 species (Renner et al. 2007) of small trees and shrubs found in the tropical forests of the Old World. It has been considered as belonging to the Memecylaceae (Renner 1993), however the latest Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009) classification includes this family under Melastomataceae. Memecylon is vegetatively very similar to Syzygium R.Br. ex Gaertner (1801: 166), but can separated by the presence of an inter-petiolar line. Florally, it differs inter alia from Melastomataceae in having anthers with an oil-producing gland on the connective. The following new combinations and new species are published here in preparation for an account of Memecylaceae for the Flora of Peninsular Malaysia where there are 33 species. Previous treatments of Memecylon in the region include Bremer (1982, 1983), Craib (1931), King (1900) Maxwell (1980, 1989) and Ridley (1922). Images of cited specimens are available from Hughes & Wijedasa (2012). Taxonomic treatment Memecylon corticosum Ridley (1920: 92) Type:—THAILAND. Peninsular: Chumphon: Tasan, Kloss 7027 (holotype K!). Memecylon caudatum Craib (1930: 324), syn. nov. Type:—THAILAND. Southwestern: Kanchanaburi: Wangka, 700 m, 2 February 1926, Kerr 10433 (lectotype K! here designated, isolectotypes ABD!, BM!, K!) Memecylon sphaerothrysum Schwartz (1931: 257). Type:—INDONESIA: Kalimantan: Bukit Mehipit, 500 m, 8 December 1924, Winkler 659 (holotype HBG!). Shrub or slender tree, to 5 m high. Branchlets pale straw coloured, sometimes drying darker, with 4 conspicuous wings when young, wings wider towards the apex, extending above the node slightly, rounded at the tip, fragile and rapidly becoming worn, branchlets becoming terete with age; narrowly triangular 2 mm 6 Accepted by Eve Lucas: 28 Aug. 2012; published online in PDF: 7 Sept. 2012 long stipules sometimes persisting at leafless nodes, internodes (2–)4–7(–10) cm apart. Leaves: petioles ca. 2 mm long, slightly pulvinate, stout on larger leaves; lamina base truncate to subcordate; lamina lanceolate to elongate- or linear-lanceolate, 11–27 × (1)–2–7 cm, medium green and glossy above, slightly paler below and dull, drying dull olive green or greyish green above and paler below, though occasionally darker and brown; midrib sunken above prominent below; secondary venation either distinct or indistinct, main vein number 10–15; marginal vein prominent or indistinct, running 1–6 mm from margin where visible; apex acuminate or gradually acuminate, acumen extending for up to 3 cm. Inflorescence usually behind the leaves on thicker branches, occasionally just behind or with the leaves, c. 10–30-flowered, very condensed and arising from a woody callus, total length 1 cm. Flowers: pedicles slender, 3–4 mm long, calyx pink or blue, truncate, 3–4 mm in diameter; with 4 shallow triangular lobes which open out to give the calyx a squarish appearance, ovary distinct as a slight bulge at the apex of the pedicel; petals pinkish, anthers 8, J-shaped with a prominent centrally located red gland on the connective, thecae restricted to the connective apex. Fruit: pedicel 3–4 mm long; fruit globose, 7–8 mm diameter (when dry), ripening purple-black through red, drying purplish brown to black with greyish mottling running from pedicel to calyx; calyx remnant prominent, areolus ca. 4 mm diameter; pericarp appears to be unusually thin, with the hard, dry cotyledons often being visible through the cracked fruit on pressed specimens. Distribution and habitat:—Southern Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo. In primary lowland forest up to 500(–1000) m altitude. Notes:—The flowers have been described variously as red (Kochumen 18497) and dark crimson (Kloss 7027); more careful observations on Maxwell 86-314 describe the calyx as pale pink, the petals whitish to lilac, and the anther filaments blue. Key to varieties Leaves lanceolate to elongate-lanceolate, veins sunken above and prominent below................................. var. corticosum Leaves elongate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, veins indistinct on both surfaces ..........................................var. kratense var. corticosum Shrub or slender tree to ca. 5 m in height. Branchlets: internodes (2)–4–6 cm apart. Leaves: lamina base truncate to subcordate, channelled above near the petiole; lamina lanceolate, 11–18 × 3.5–7 cm, drying papery and olive brown to dark brown above, paler brown or olive green below, midrib sunken above, prominent below, drying paler than the lamina; venation sunken and visible above, prominent below, drying paler than the lamina, main vein number c. 10–15; marginal vein distinct, looping between the main veins 3–6 mm from the margin; apex elongate acuminate, acumen extending for 1.5–3 cm. Additional specimens examined:—THAILAND. Southwestern: Kanchanaburi: Khao Yai, 29 March 1968, Beusekom & Phengklai 197 (AAU[2], C, E, K); Kwae Noi River Basin, Ban Pha Phung, Ka Tha Lai, 13–16 April 1946, Kostermans 845 (BK, K). Peninsular: Nakhon Si Thammarat: Khao Luang National Park, Groong Ching Falls, 1 April 1986, Maxwell 86–314 (PSU). Trang: Khao Chong Forest Reserve, 19 May 1987, Maxwell 87-452 (PSU); ibid., 26 August 1986, Maxwell 86-604 (PSU); Kao Chom Lam, 2 August 1929, Rabil Bunnag 316 (BK, BM, K). MALAYSIA. Kelantan: Bukit Batu Papan, 8 July 1935, Henderson s.n. (SING); Kelantan, Gua Ninik, 22 Ocotober 1927, Henderson SFN19581 (KEP, SING); Kelantan, Gua Panjang, 11 August 1962, UNESCO Limestone expedition 609 (SING); Kelantan, Ulu Sungai Lebir, 5 September 1967, Cockburn FRI 7001 (K, KEP); ibid., 9 September 1967, Stone 7358 (KEP). Terengganu: 23rd mile off Kuala Trengganu-Besut Road, 15 September 1955, Sinclair & Kiah SFN 40858 (E, K, SING); Bukit Kersing F.R., 18 July 1979, Kochummen FRI 18497 (KEP); Kuala Trengganu, 15 September 1955, Sinclair 8643 (E); Sungei Cicir, 31 July 2007, Hisham FRI 52111 (KEP); Ulu Brang, July 1937, Moysey & THAI AND MALAY MEMECYLON Phytotaxa 66 © 2012 Magnolia Press • 7 Kiah SFN 33738 (SING[2]); ibid., July 1937, Moysey & Kiah SFN 33856 (SING[2]); Ulu Telemong F.R., Bukit Batu Kota, 16 September 1969, Suppiah FRI 11408 (K, KEP, SING). Pahang: Sg. Haudrick, 13 Ocotober 1931, Osman 28308 (KEP); Ulu Sungai Sat, 12 July 1970, Shah & Noor MS1838 (C, KEP, SING). Johor: Sungei Juasseh, 28 July 1970, Samsuri SA283 (SING). Distribution:—Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia and Borneo (Kalimantan) (Fig. 1). Notes:—M. caudatum Craib was originally differentiated from M. corticosum Ridl. through having broader leaves with more distinct venation on the lower surface. However it fits well within the variation of typical M. corticosum Ridl. as circumscribed here. Conservation status:—Least Concern. Occurs from low to mid altitudes (to ca. 500 m) and occasionally above (ca. 1000 m), including records from protected areas. FIGURE 1. Distribution of Memecylon corticosum var. corticosum Ridl., M. corticosum var. kratense (Craib) Wijedasa, M. perplexum M. Hughes and M. scutellatum var. brevifolium (Craib) Wijedasa in Southeast Asia. Memecylon corticosum var. kratense (Craib) Wijedasa, comb. & stat. nov. Basionym: Memecylon kratense Craib (1930: 326). Type:—THAILAND. Southeastern: Chanthaburi: Krat, Kao Saming, 23 January 1927, Put 531 (lectotype ABD! here designated, isolectotypes BK!, K!). Shrub or slender tree 3–4 m tall. Branchlets: internodes 3–7 cm apart. Leaves: lamina base truncate to subcordate, channelled above near the petiole; lamina elongate lanceolate to linear lanceolate, 11–21(–27) × 2–4.5(–6) cm, drying pale greyish brown and slightly glossy above, slightly paler and sometimes slightly greener below, occasionally drying dark rusty brown on both sides; midrib sunken above, prominent below, drying paler than the lamina; venation indistinct to invisible above and below; marginal vein indistinct, where visible looping 1–3 mm from the margin; apex gradually acuminate. 8 • Phytotaxa 66 © 2012 Magnolia Press WIJEDASA & HUGHES Additional specimens examined:—MYANMAR. Mergui, Griffith s.n. (K). THAILAND: Southeastern: Chanthaburi: Krat, Kao Kuap, 26 December 1929, Kerr 18084 (ABD, K); ibid., 23 May 1880, Put 2958 (BK, K); ibid., 25 May 1880, Put 3029 (ABD, BK, BM, C, K); Krat, Kao Saming, 31 December 1919, Kerr 17879 (ABD, BM, K). Trat: Koh Chang Island, 11 March 1970, Beusekom & Santisuk 3173 (AAU[2], E, K). Peninsular: Trang: Kao Chom Lam, 2 August 1929, Rabil Bunnag 316 (BK, BM, K). Ranong: Thungraya Nasak Wildlife Sanctuary, 30 January 2004, Middleton, Namdang, Pooma, Suddee, Suwanachat & Williams 2686 (E). Nakhon Si Thammarat: 1 September 1953, Suvarnakoses 693 (C); Kao Ram, Smith 572 (ABD, BK, BM); Khao Luang National Park, 17 May 1968, Beusekom & Phengklai 826 (AAU, C, E, K); Khao Luang National Park, Karom Waterfall, 14 September 1985, Maxwell 85-862 (AAU, PSU); Khao Luang National Park, Khao Luang Mountain, 22 August 1967, Iwatsuki, Koyama, Hutoh & Chintayungkun T-14544 (AAU). Phatthalung: Khao Pu - Khao Ya National Park, Mat Chai Cave, 22 March 1986, Maxwell 86-198 (PSU); Khuan Hin Kaeo, 18 iv 1928, Kerr 15284 (ABD, BM, E, K). Trang: Huai Yoi, Khao Kob, 14 June 2006, Williams, Pooma & Poopath 1731 (E); Kao Pad Pha, 15 vi 1974, Geesink, Hattink & Charoenphol 7274 (K); Kao Soi Dao Mountains, 27 iv 1930, Kerr 19128 (BK, BM, K); Lamphura, 15 November 1990, Larsen, Larsen, Barfod, Nanakorn & Ueachirakan 41410 (AAU, ABD, PSU). MALAYSIA: Terengganu: Ulu Setius F.R., 4 August 1977, Chan FRI 023984 (KEP, SING). Distribution:—Myanmar (Mergui), Southern Thailand and northern Peninsular Malaysia (Fig. 1). Notes:—Memecylon kratense is reduced to a variety here as it is florally indistinguishable from M. corticosum. The single specimen from Malaysia has almost linear leaves in contrast to the Thai material which has broader leaves. At the extremes the two varieties are very dissimilar vegetatively, particularly in Peninsular Malaysia, but some specimens from Thailand (e.g. Middleton et al. 2686; var. kratense) appear more intermediate. The specimen collected by Griffith from Myanmar in the Kew herbarium has been annotated as M. griffithianum Naudin (1852: 274), however this is an unrelated taxon. Conservation status:—Least Concern. Occurs from low to mid altitudes (to ca. 500 m) and occasionally above (ca. 1000 m), including records from protected areas. Memecylon scutellatum (Loureiro 1790: 235) Hooker & Arnott (1833: 186) var. brevifolium (Craib) Wijedasa, comb. nov. Basionym: Memecylon pauciflorum Blume (1851: 356) var. brevifolium Craib (1931: 712). Type:—THAILAND. Peninsular: Phang Nga Province, Pulau Panji, 16 December 1918, Haniff & Nur 4070 (lectotype K! here designated, isolectotypes SING[2!]). Small treelet or more usually a shrub 1.5–3 m high. Branchlets distinctly 2-grooved, reddish brown when young, becoming pale grey and terete when mature, internodes (0.5–)1.0–2.0(–4.5) cm apart. Leaves: Petiole 2–3 mm long; blade base rounded, slightly decurrent near the petiole attachment; lamina suborbicular to obovate, 2–2.5(–3.5) × 1.5–2(–2.5) cm, thick and succulent, drying brittle and minutely rugose, dark brown above and slightly paler rusty brown beneath when dry, apex retuse to rounded; mid vein sunken above, prominent below; secondary venation invisible to indistinct above, invisible below; marginal vein invisible to indistinct. Inflorescence on leafy branches, 10–30 flowered, total length ca. 1 cm; primary peduncles 2–5 mm long, secondary peduncles very reduced, ca. 1 mm long, minute bristles present in the axils. Flowers: pedicels distinct, 1–2 mm long, with 2 linear caducous bracts at the base; calyx funnel shaped, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter, with triangular lobes when young becoming subtruncate when mature; petals acute at the tip, pale lilac; anthers 8, C-shaped, gland cream, centrally placed on the connective, thecae restricted to the connective apex. Fruit globose, 5–6 mm in diameter (when dry), green (colour when ripe unknown); calyx remnant prominent, 2–3 mm diameter. Additional specimens examined:—THAILAND: Peninsular: Songkhla: Khlong Hoi Khong, 26 March 1985, Maxwell 85-332 (PSU); ibid., 6 August 1985, Maxwell 85-773 (AAU, PSU); ibid., 2 October 1985, Maxwell 85-933 (AAU, PSU); Klong Rhang Hill, 15 May 1985, Maxwell 85-479 (AAU, E, PSU); Ko Hong THAI AND MALAY MEMECYLON Phytotaxa 66 © 2012 Magnolia Press • 9 Hill, 15 October 1986, Maxwell 86-792 (PSU). PENINSULAR MALAYSIA: Kedah: Langkawi Islands, Pulau Jerkom, 17 November 1941, Corner, s.n. (SING); Langkawi Islands, 3 May 1938, Symington 46738 (KEP); Langkawi Islands, Pulau Langkawi, East coast, 19 August 1972, Soepadmo & Mahamud 1256 (L); Langkawi Islands, Selat Panchor, 22 November 1934, Henderson s.n. (SING). Kelantan: Gunung Berangkat, 3 February 1973, Shah & Ali MS2886 (C, KEP, SING[2]); Ulu Kelantan, Gua Musang, 4 August 1962 UNESCO Limestone Expedition 326. Selangor: Kanching, 16 March 1935, Symington 37427 (KEP); Bukit Takun, 3 November 1937, Nur SFN 34371 (L, SING). Distribution and habitat:—Peninsular Thailand and Peninsular Malaysia (Fig. 1). In open areas in shrubby forest or on limestone hills at 20–600 m. Notes:—This taxon was originally described as a variety of M. pauciflorum Blume, but differs in having grooved (not 4-angled) branchlets and succulent, suborbicular to ovate (not thin rhomboid) leaves; indeed the small size of the leaves seems to be the only linking feature. Here we consider it as conspecific to M. scutellatum (Lour.) Hook. & Arn., and a new record of this species for Peninsular Malaysia where it appears to be restricted to limestone, often near the coast. It differs from the type variety in having suborbicular to ovate (not elliptic) leaves, often with a truncate or emarginate tip (not shortly acuminate); the flowers are the same. However the type of M. scutellatum is fragmentary and scarcely has any complete leaves; although the authors are sure of the affinity of the above described taxon to M. scutellatum, it is considered premature to sink Craib’s var. brevifolium completely until a thorough revision and complete circumscription of M. scutellatum has been carried out using material from across its as yet unclear range. Conservation status:—Least Concern. Although found mainly on limestone, it does occur on other habitats such as dunes and termite mounds, and is sometimes described as locally common. Memecylon perplexum M. Hughes, sp. nov. (Fig. 2) Type:— MALAYSIA. Pahang: Raub, 11 January 1920, Ahmad CF5099 (holotype K!, isotypes KEP!, SING!). Differs from M. pergamentaceum Cogniaux (1891: 1151) in having oblong (not broadly elliptic) leaves which dry stiff (not parchment-like) and calyces with more pronounced lobes. A Memecylo pergamentaceo Cogn. habendo folia oblonga (non late elliptica) quae arescunt rigida (non pergamentacea) calycibus cum lobis majoribus differt. Tree ca. 10 m in height with a bole diameter of ca. 25 cm. Branchlets drying pale reddish brown, slightly flattened on 2 sides when young, becoming terete when mature; internodes 2.5–4.5 cm apart. Leaves: petiole 8–12 mm long, drying yellowish brown, ca. 1.5 mm in diameter, with a groove on the upper surface; lamina base acute; lamina oblong, tapering slightly towards the apex, 11–18 × 3.5–4.5(–5) cm, drying stiff and brittle, drying pale slightly yellowish olive green above, olive green below; mid vein sunken above, prominent and drying beige below; venation indistinct above and below, with ca. 10–14 main veins; marginal vein indistinct, running 1–1.5 mm from the margin; very edge of margin curled under on drying, stiff; apex acuminate, acumen extending for ca. 1 cm. Inflorescences on leafy branches or just behind the leaves, a bracteate cyme, total length 1.5 cm; primary peduncles 5–10 mm long, branching up to 3 times, secondary peduncles shorter, < 5 mm or very reduced. Flowers: pedicels slender, 2–3 mm long; calyx with 4 main triangular lobes, with 4 smaller subsidiary lobes in between when open, 2–3 mm diameter; ovary somewhat distinct as a slight bulge at the pedicel apex; petals 4, triangular, colour unknown, ca. 2 mm long; anthers 8, connective slightly curved, with a centrally placed gland, the tip triangular. Fruit on a 3–4 mm pedicel, sub-globose, ca. 8 × 7 mm (when dry), drying pale brown; calyx remnant distinct, areolus ca. 2.5 mm wide. Additional specimens examined (paratypes):—MALAYSIA. Sabah: Beaufort, Pangi, 8 June 1955, Wood SAN 15219 (KEP, SING); Sarawak, Kuching, October 1865, Beccari PB 782 (FI); Sarawak, Matang, May 1866, Beccari PB 1639 (FI); ibid., June 1866, Beccari PB 1817 (FI). BRUNEI, Temburong, Kuala Belalong, 24 April 1998, Saw FRI 44910 (KEP). 10 • Phytotaxa 66 © 2012 Magnolia Press WIJEDASA & HUGHES Distribution and habitat:—Peninsular Malaysia (Pahang) and Borneo (Brunei, Sabah, Sarawak) (Fig. 1). In primary rainforest up to 950 m. Notes:—Notes on Ahmad CF5099 from Pahang in KEP (originally determined as “M. andamanicum? King (1900: 85)”) indicate “not matched at Kew” and “identified by Ridley at Kew as M. aff. oleifolium” (Blume 1851: 359); duplicates have been subsequently determined as M. cantleyi Ridley (1918: 72) and M. pergamentaceum Cogn., here considered misapplied names. The Beccari specimens were also cited under M. pergamentaceum by Bremer (1983). The epithet reflects this confusing history. Both M. cantleyi Ridl. and M. pergamentaceum Cogn. have shorter petioles, much thinner leaves which dry parchment-like and fragile and with a distinctive pale mid-vein; indeed the former may well be a synonym of the latter. M. oleifolium Blume has more elliptic leaves which dry much darker with a rusty-red blush around the mid-vein on the underside of the leaf. M. andamanicum King has smaller, more lanceolate leaves which are more decurrent to the petiole, and larger calyxes. Conservation status:—Data deficient. The collections of this species are largely historic, and lack good locality or altitude data. Although it appears to be rare, not enough is known about its ecology or distribution to make a confident assessment. FIGURE 2. Memecylon perplexum M.Hughes. Left, habit (from Ahmad CF5099); top right, anther; bottom right, inflorescence (petals and anthers shed) (both from Wood SAN15219). [Drawing by Mark Hughes] Acknowledgements We wish to thank the curators of AAU, ABD, BK, BM, C, E, HBG, K, KEP, PSU and SING for access to specimens, John Priest for assistance with the Latin diagnosis, and two reviewers for their invaluable and insightful comments. This research was supported by the Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Research and Analysis Directorate; L. S. Wijedasa was funded by a scholarship from the National Parks Board of Singapore. THAI AND MALAY MEMECYLON Phytotaxa 66 © 2012 Magnolia Press • 11 References Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009) An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161: 105–121. Blume, C.L. (1851) Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavum I. E.J. Brill, Leiden, 396 pp. Bremer, K. (1982) A check-list of the Memecylon species (Melastomataceae) in Borneo, Java, Malaya and Sumatra. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 35: 45–49. Bremer, K. (1983) Taxonomy of Memecylon (Melastomataceae) in Borneo. Opera Botanica 69: 1–47. Cogniaux, C.A. (1891) Melastomataceae. In: Candolle, A. de & Candolle, C. de (eds.) Monographiae Phanerogamarum VII. G. Masson, Paris, pp. 1–1256. Craib, W.G. 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