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Synonyms: Aegiphilaceae Raf.; Chloanthaceae Hutch.; Labiatae Juss.; Menthaceae Burnett; Nepetaceae Bercht. & J. Presl; Salazariaceae F. A. Barkley; Scutellariaceae Doll; Viticaceae Juss.
Common name: Mint Family.
Number of genera 213. Number of species 5600.
Angiosperm. Magnoliopsida.
Disseminule an intact or entire fruit, or a partial fruit (a segment of an entire fruit).
Fruits
Pistil(s) compound; 1; 1-pistillate; with carpels nearly separate to base. Fruit anthocarp, or pericarpium; schizocarp, or simple; berry (Callicarpa of Spjut who listed genus in Verbenaceae); Monarda microbasarium, or druparium (Prasium, but not Spjut); simple, or schizocarp; anthecetum, or acrosarcum (Hoslundia when in fruit the calyx becomes berry-like, orange, edible"); diclesarium ((Salazaria) = Scutellaria Spjut Fig. 24D & only family), or trymarium (Spjut Fig. 52C-E); without persistent central column; with styles(s); at apex; within accessory organ(s); within perianth, or calyx (maybe inflated as in Aegiphila or tips maybe modified into hooks); accrescent; persistent; 1-seeded to more than 1 but less than 10-seeded; 1–4-seeded; less than 1 cm long to from 1–5 cm long; 0.5–3.5 cm long; 2-carpellate (but usually separating into 4); with carpels united; with carpels separating at maturity, or remaining united at maturity; with carpels not radiating at maturity; without sterile carpels; not sulcate; in transection terete (entire fruit); apex not beaked; wall hard, or fleshy; indehiscent. Epicarp black, or brown (all shades), or green, or orange, or red, or yellow; dull, or shiny; durable; coriaceous; glabrous (without hairs), or not glabrous (with hairs); hairs short; hairs scattered (restricted to apex); hairs white; hairs not glandular; without armature; not smooth, or smooth; ridged, or pitted; without wing(s), or with wing(s) (broadly in Tinnea); 2-winged; with wing(s) lateral; without apical respiratory hole. Mesocarp absent, or present; fleshy; composed of 1 unified layer; without lactiform cavity system; and endocarp sharply differentiated. Endocarp present; not separating from exocarp; thin, or hard; not splitting into 1-seeded pyrenes; smooth; without wing; without operculum; without secretory cavities; without mechanism for seedling escape; without grooves; without longitudinal ridges. Funiculus short; short without seed bearing hooks (retinacula); not persisting in fruit after seed shed.
Seeds
Aril absent. Seed larger than minute; C-shaped; in transection triangular, or terete; not bowl shaped; not nutlike; without winglike beak; without caudate appendage(s); at maturity with food reserves, or without food reserves, or without apparent food reserves; with endosperm; without canavanine. Sarcotesta absent. Testa present, or absent; without embryo surrounded and capped by viscid tissue; without markedly different marginal tissue; without fleshy or leathery layer over hard layer; tight; dull, or shiny; without crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle, or with crease or line separating cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle; without notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approach each other, or with notch along margin where cotyledons from hypocotyl-radicle tip approaching each other; without glands; without bristles; glabrous; without wings; without collar; without operculum; colored; monochrome; brown (all shades); thin (assumed); not becoming mucilaginous when wetted; surrounding embryo, or surrounding food reserve. Endosperm scant (Prosthanthera), or copious (Tetrachondra); fleshy; smooth; without fatty acid containing cyclopropene; without apical lobes; without chlorophyll; without isodiametric faceted surface; without odor.
Embryo differentiated from food reserve; well developed; 1 per seed; completely filling testa (no food reserve), or partially filling testa (with food reserve), or nearly filling testa (trace or scanty food reserve); 0.9–1 times the length of food reserve; at one end of seed not extending into a depression or cup; axile and centric; foliate; with investing cotyledons, or spatulate cotyledons; straight, or bent (Scutellaria & Catoferia); parallel to seed length; with cotyledons abruptly connected to hypocotyl-radicle; without coleorhiza; without simmondsin; without stomata; not green; with 2 or more cotyledons. Cotyledons 2; well developed; 0.5–0.7 times length of embryo; somewhat to significantly wider than hypocotyl-radicle; 2.5–6 times wider than hypocotyl-radicle; partially concealing hypocotyl-radicle, or not concealing hypocotyl-radicle; accumbent to hypocotyl-radicle, or incumbent to hypocotyl-radicle (rarely); foliaceous, or not foliaceous; thin, or thick; flat; smooth; with apices entire; with margins separate; basally entire, or cordate; equal in size; not punctate dotted. Hypocotyl-radicle moderately developed; straight, or curved; not thickened.
Distribution
Cosmopolitan. New World, Old World. North America, Middle America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia Major, Asia Minor, southeastern Asia, Australia, Oceania.
Weed information
1 or more USA state noxious weeds.
USA states and territories with listed noxious weeds: Alaska (AK), California (CA), Colorado (CO), Connecticut (CT), Hawaii (HI), Maine (ME), Nevada (NV), North Carolina (NC), Oregon (OR), Washington (WA).
USA state and territory noxious weeds: -- Elsholtzia ciliata (Thunb.) Hyl.: USA state noxious weed: CT●.-- Galeopsis tetrahit L.: USA state noxious weed: AK●°. -- Glechoma hederacea L.: USA state noxious weed: CT●.-- Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit.: USA state noxious weed: HI●°. -- Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.: USA state noxious weed: HI●°. -- Salvia aethiopis L.: USA state noxious weed: CA●°, CO●°, NV●, OR●, WA●. -- Salvia pratensis L.: USA state noxious weed: WA●. -- Salvia sclarea L.: USA state noxious weed: WA●. -- Salvia virgata Jacq.: USA state noxious weed: CA●. -- Stachys floridana Shuttlew. ex Benth.: USA state noxious weed: NC●. -- Stachys palustris L.: USA state noxious weed: ME°. -- Symbols: ªaquatic weed; ●terrestrial weed; °weed in seed. -- Last updated September 2008.
Listed seeds
ASOA listed seeds, ISTA listed seeds.
ASOA listed seeds: -- Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy -- Acinos thymoides Moench = Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy -- Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb. -- Ballota nigra L. -- Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi -- Callicarpa americana L. -- Clinopodium vulgare L. -- Coleus blumei Benth. = Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd -- Coleus scutellarioides (L.) Benth. = Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd -- Dracocephalum nuttallii Britton = Physostegia parviflora Nutt. ex A. Gray -- Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. -- Galeopsis ladanum L. -- Galeopsis tetrahit L. -- Glechoma hederacea L. -- Hedeoma hispida Pursh -- Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. -- Hedeoma Pers. spp. -- Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit. -- Koellia Moench spp. = Pycnanthemum Michx. spp. -- Lamium amplexicaule L. -- Lavandula angustifolia Mill. -- Lavandula L. spp. -- Leonurus cardiaca L. -- Lycopus L. spp. -- Lycopus virginicus L. -- Majorana majorana (L.) H. Karst. = Origanum majorana L. -- Marrubium vulgare L. -- Melissa officinalis L. -- Mentha arvensis L. -- Mentha arvensis var. glabrata Fernald = Mentha canadensis L. -- Mentha canadensis L. -- Mentha × piperita L. -- Mentha spicata L. -- Mentha L. spp. -- Moldavica parviflora (Nutt.) Britton = Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt. -- Moluccella laevis L. -- Monarda citriodora Cerv. ex Lag. -- Monarda didyma L. -- Monarda fistulosa L. -- Monarda punctata L. -- Nepeta cataria L. -- Ocimum basilicum L. -- Origanum majorana L. -- Origanum vulgare L. -- Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton -- Physostegia parviflora Nutt. ex A. Gray -- Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. -- Prunella vulgaris L. -- Pycnanthemum Michx. spp. -- Rosmarinus officinalis L. -- Salvia aethiopis L. -- Salvia azurea var. grandiflora Benth. -- Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etl. -- Salvia farinacea Benth. -- Salvia lanceolata Brouss. = Salvia reflexa Hornem. -- Salvia nemorosa L. = Salvia sylvestris L. -- Salvia pitcheri Torr. = Salvia azurea var. grandiflora Benth. -- Salvia officinalis L. -- Salvia reflexa Hornem. -- Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schult. -- Salvia L. spp. -- Salvia sylvestris L. -- Salvia verticillata L. -- Salvia virgata Jacq. -- Satureja acinos (L.) Scheele = Acinos arvensis (Lam.) Dandy -- Satureja hortensis L. -- Satureja montana L. -- Satureja nepeta (L.) Scheele = Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi -- Satureja vulgaris (L.) Fritsch = Clinopodium vulgare L. -- Sideritis montana L. -- Solenostemon scutellarioides (L.) Codd -- Stachys agraria Cham. & Schltdl. = Stachys crenata Raf. -- Stachys annua (L.) L. -- Stachys arvensis (L.) L. -- Stachys byzantina K. Koch -- Stachys crenata Raf. -- Stachys palustris L. -- Stachys L. spp. -- Teucrium botrys L. -- Teucrium canadense L. -- Teucrium scorodonia L. -- Teucrium L. spp. -- Thymus serpyllum L. -- Thymus vulgaris L. -- Trichostema dichotomum L. -- Trichostema lanceolatum Benth. -- Last updated September 2008.
ISTA listed seeds: -- Ajuga chamaepitys (L.) Schreb.w -- Ajuga reptans L.w -- Ballota nigra L. -- Caryopteris incana (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Miq. -- Coleus blumei Benth.f -- Coleus rotundifolius (Poir.) A. Chev. & Perrot -- Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt.w -- Galeopsis ochroleuca Lam. = Galeopsis segetum Neck. -- Galeopsis segetum Neck.f -- Galeopsis tetrahit L.w -- Glechoma hederacea L.w -- Gmelina arborea Roxb. -- Hedeoma pulegioides (L.) Pers. -- Hyptis capitata Jacq.w -- Hyptis pectinata (L.) Poit.w -- Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.w -- Hyssopus officinalis L.f -- Lallemantia canescens (L.) Fisch. & C. A. Mey. -- Lamium album L.w -- Lamium amplexicaule L.w -- Lamium purpureum L.w -- Lavandula angustifolia Mill.f -- Lavandula × burnatii Briq. = Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. -- Lavandula × intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. -- Lavandula latifolia Medik. -- Lavandula officinalis Chaix = Lavandula angustifolia Mill. -- Lavandula vera DC. = Lavandula angustifolia Mill. -- Leonurus cardiaca L.f -- Leonurus japonicus Houtt.-- Leonurus sibiricus auct. pl., non L. = Leonurus japonicus Houtt.-- Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link -- Leucas urticifolia (Vahl) Benth.w -- Majorana hortensis Moench = Origanum majorana L. -- Marrubium vulgare L.f -- Melissa officinalis L.f -- Mentha arvensis L.w -- Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. -- Mentha × piperita L.f -- Mentha pulegium L.w -- Mentha spicata L. -- Moluccella laevis L.f -- Nepeta cataria L.f -- Ocimum basilicum L.a -- Ocimum sanctum L. = Ocimum tenuiflorum L. -- Ocimum tenuiflorum L.w -- Origanum majorana L.a -- Origanum vulgare L.a -- Perilla frutescens (L.) Brittonf -- Phlomis fruticosa L. -- Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. -- Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. -- Prunella vulgaris L.w -- Rosmarinus officinalis L. a -- Salvia aethiopis L.w -- Salvia coccinea Buc'hoz ex Etl.f -- Salvia farinacea Benth.f -- Salvia horminum L. = Salvia viridis L. -- Salvia officinalis L.f -- Salvia patens Cav.f -- Salvia pratensis L.f -- Salvia reflexa Hornem.w -- Salvia sclarea L.f -- Salvia splendens Sellow ex Schult.f -- Salvia viridis L.f -- Satureja hortensis L.a -- Satureja montana L. -- Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir.) J. K. Morton = Coleus rotundifolius (Poir.) A. Chev. & Perrot -- Stachys annua (L.) L.w -- Stachys arvensis (L.) L.w -- Stachys grandiflora (Stephan ex Willd.) Benth., non Host = Stachys macrantha (K. Koch) Stearn -- Stachys macrantha (K. Koch) Stearnf -- Stachys palustris L.w -- Tectona grandis L. f. t -- Teucrium botrys L. -- Teucrium chamaedrys L. -- Teucrium fruticans L. -- Thymus serpyllum L.f -- Thymus vulgaris L.a -- Symbols: aagricultural and vegetable seeds (Table 2A Part 1); ttree and shrub species (Table 2A Part 2); fflower, spice, herb, and medicinal seeds (Table 2A Part 3); wweed seeds. -- Last updated September 2008.
Accepted genera
Acanthomintha (A. Gray) A. Gray -- Achyrospermum Blume -- Acinos Mill. -- Acrocephalus Benth. -- Acrotome Benth. ex Endl. -- Acrymia Prain -- Adelosa Blume -- Aegiphila Jacq. -- Aeollanthus Mart. ex Spreng. -- Agastache J. Clayton ex Gronov. -- Ajuga L. -- Ajugoides Makino -- Alajja Ikonn. -- Alvesia Welw., nom. cons. -- Amasonia L. f., nom. cons. -- Amethystea L. -- Anisochilus Wall. ex Benth. -- Anisomeles R. Br. -- Archboldia E. Beer & H. J. Lam -- Asterohyptis Epling -- Ballota L. -- Basilicum Moench -- Becium Lindl. -- Benguellia G. Taylor -- Blephilia Raf. -- Bostrychanthera Benth. -- Bovonia Chiov. -- Brazoria Engelm. ex A. Gray -- Bystropogon L'Hér., nom. cons. -- Calamintha Mill. -- Callicarpa L. -- Capitanopsis S. Moore -- Capitanya Gürke -- Caryopteris Bunge -- Catoferia (Benth.) Benth. -- Cedronella Moench -- Ceratanthus F. Muell. ex G. Taylor -- Chaiturus Willd. -- Chamaesphacos Schrenk -- Chaunostoma Donn. Sm. -- Chelonopsis Miq. -- Chloanthes R. Br. -- Cleonia L. -- Clerodendrum L. -- Clinopodium L. -- Colebrookea Sm. -- Collinsonia L. -- Colquhounia Wall. -- Comanthosphace S. Moore -- Conradina A. Gray -- Coridothymus Rchb. f. -- Cornutia L. -- Craniotome Rchb. -- Cryphia R. Br. -- Cuminia Colla -- Cunila L., nom. cons. -- Cyanostegia Turcz. -- Cyclonema Hochst. -- Cyclotrichium (Boiss.) Manden. & Scheng. -- Cymaria Benth. -- Dauphinea Hedge -- Dicerandra Benth. -- Dicrastylis J. Drumm. ex Harv. -- Dorystaechas Boiss. & Heldr. ex Benth. -- Dracocephalum L., nom. cons. -- Drepanocaryum Pojark. -- Elsholtzia Willd. -- Endostemon N. E. Br. -- Englerastrum Briq. -- Eremostachys Bunge -- Eriope Humb. & Bonpl. ex Benth. -- Eriophyton Benth. -- Eriopidion Harley -- Eriothymus (Benth.) Rchb. -- Erythrochlamys Gürke -- Euhesperida Brullo & Furnari -- Eurysolen Prain -- Faradaya F. Muell. -- Fuerstia T. C. E. Fr. -- Galeopsis L. -- Garrettia H. R. Fletcher -- Geniosporum Wall. ex Benth. -- Glechoma L., nom. cons. -- Glechon Spreng. -- Glossocarya Wall. ex Griff. -- Gmelina L. -- Gomphostemma Wall. ex Benth. -- Gontscharovia Boriss. -- Hanceola Kudô -- Haplostachys Hillebr. -- Haumaniastrum P. A. Duvign. & Plancke -- Hedeoma Pers. -- Hemiandra R. Br. -- Hemigenia R. Br. -- Hemiphora (F. Muell.) F. Muell. -- Hemizygia (Benth.) Briq. -- Hesperozygis Epling -- Heterolamium C. Y. Wu -- Hoehnea Epling -- Holmskioldia Retz. -- Holocheila (Kudô) S. Chow -- Holostylon Robyns & Lebrun -- Horminum L. -- Hosea Ridl. -- Hoslundia Vahl -- Huxleya Ewart -- Hymenocrater Fisch. & C. A. Mey. -- Hymenopyramis Wall. ex Griff. -- Hypenia (Mart. ex Benth.) Harley -- Hypogomphia Bunge -- Hyptidendron Harley -- Hyptis Jacq., nom. cons. -- Hyssopus L. -- Isodictyophorus Briq. -- Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach -- Isoleucas O. Schwartz -- Karomia Dop -- Keiskea Miq. -- Kudrjaschevia Pojark. -- Kurzamra Kuntze -- Lachnostachys Hook. -- Lagochilus Bunge ex Benth. -- Lagopsis (Benth.) Bunge -- Lallemantia Fisch. & C. A. Mey. -- Lamiophlomis Kudô -- Lamium L. -- Lavandula L. -- Leocus A. Chev. -- Leonotis (Pers.) R. Br. -- Leonurus L. -- Lepechinia Willd. -- Leucas R. Br. -- Leucophae Webb ex Berthel. -- Leucosceptrum Sm. -- Limniboza R. E. Fr. -- Lophanthus Adans. -- Loxocalyx Hemsl. -- Lycopus L. -- Macbridea Elliott ex Nutt. -- Mallophora Endl. -- Marmoritis Benth. -- Marrubium L. -- Marsypianthes Mart. ex Benth. -- Meehania Britton -- Melissa L. -- Melittis L. -- Mentha L. -- Meriandra Benth. -- Mesona Blume -- Metastachydium Airy Shaw ex C. Y. Wu & H. W. Li -- Microcorys R. Br. -- Micromeria Benth., nom. cons. -- Microtoena Prain -- Minthostachys (Benth.) Spach -- Moluccella L. -- Monarda L. -- Monardella Benth. -- Monochilus Fisch. & C. A. Mey. -- Mosla (Benth.) Buch.-Ham. ex Maxim. -- Neoeplingia Ramamoorthy et al. -- Neohyptis J. K. Morton -- Neorapinia Moldenke -- Nepeta L. -- Newcastelia F. Muell. -- Nosema Prain -- Notochaete Benth. -- Ocimum L. -- Octomeron Robyns -- Ombrocharis Hand.-Mazz. -- Oncinocalyx F. Muell. -- Origanum L. -- Orthosiphon Benth. -- Otostegia Benth. -- Oxera Labill. -- Panzerina Soják -- Paralamium Dunn -- Paraphlomis Prain -- Paravitex H. R. Fletcher -- Peltodon Pohl -- Pentapleura Hand.-Mazz. -- Perilla L. -- Perillula Maxim. -- Peronema Jack -- Perovskia Kar. -- Perrierastrum Guillaumin -- Petitia Jacq. -- Petraeovitex Oliv. -- Phlomidoschema (Benth.) Vved. -- Phlomis L. -- Phyllostegia Benth. -- Physopsis Turcz. -- Physostegia Benth. -- Piloblephis Raf. -- Pitardia Batt. ex Pit. -- Pityrodia R. Br. -- Platostoma P. Beauv. -- Plectranthus L'Hér., nom. cons. -- Pogogyne Benth. -- Pogostemon Desf. -- Poliomintha A. Gray -- Prasium L. -- Premna L., nom. cons. -- Prostanthera Labill. -- Prunella L. -- Pseuderemostachys Popov -- Pseudocarpidium Millsp. -- Pseudomarrubium Popov -- Puntia Hedge -- Pycnanthemum Michx., nom. cons. -- Pycnostachys Hook. -- Rabdosiella Codd -- Renschia Vatke -- Rhabdocaulon (Benth.) Epling -- Rhaphiodon Schauer -- Rhododon Epling -- Rosmarinus L. -- Rostrinucula Kudô -- Roylea Wall. ex Benth. -- Rubiteucris Kudô -- Sabaudia Buscal. & Muschl. -- Saccocalyx Coss. & Durieu, nom. cons. -- Salvia L. -- Satureja L. -- Schizonepeta (Benth.) Briq. -- Schnabelia Hand.-Mazz. -- Scutellaria L., nom. cons. prop. -- Sideritis L. -- Solenostemon Thonn. -- Spartothamnella Briq. -- Stachydeoma Small -- Stachyopsis Popov & Vved. -- Stachys L., nom. cons. prop. -- Stenogyne Benth., nom. cons. -- Sulaimania Hedge & Rech. f. -- Suzukia Kudô -- Symphostemon Hiern -- Synandra Nutt. -- Syncolostemon E. Mey. -- Tectona L. f., nom. cons. -- Teijsmanniodendron Koord. -- Tetraclea A. Gray -- Tetradenia Benth. -- Teucridium Hook. f. -- Teucrium L. -- Thorncroftia N. E. Br. -- Thuspeinanta T. Durand -- Thymbra L. -- Thymus L. -- Tinnea Kotschy ex Hook. f. -- Trichostema L. -- Tsoongia Merr. -- Vitex L. -- Viticipremna H. J. Lam -- Wenchengia C. Y. Wu & S. Chow -- Westringia Sm. -- Wiedemannia Fisch. & C. A. Mey. -- Wrixonia F. Muell. -- Xenopoma Willd. -- Zataria Boiss. -- Zhumeria Rech. f. & Wendelbo -- Ziziphora L.
References specific to this family
Cronquist page 924 (also see Tetrachondraceae).
General references
Corner, E.J.H. 1976. The seeds of Dicots, esp. vol. 2. Cambridge University Press, New York, Cronquist, A. 1981. An integrated system of classification of flowering plants, 1,262 p. Columbia University Press, New York, Engler, A. and K. Prantl. 1924 and onward. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilimien. W. Engelman, Leipzig, Gaertner, J. 1788–1805. De fructibus et seminibus plantarum. The Author, Stuttgart, Goldberg, A. 1986 (dicots) and 1989 (monocots). Classification, evolution, and phylogeny of the familes of Dicotyledons. Smithsonian Contr. Bot. 58 for dicots (314 pp.) and 71 for monocots (74 pp.). [Goldberg's illustrations are reproduced from older publications and these should be consulted], Gunn, C.R. and C.A. Ritchie. 1988. Identification of disseminules listed in the Federal Noxious Weed Act. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1719:1–313, Gunn, C.R., J.H. Wiersema, C.A. Ritchie, and J.H. Kirkbride, Jr. 1992 and amendments. Families and genera of Spermatophytes recognized by the Agricultural Research Service. Techn. Bull. U.S.D.A. 1796:1–500, LeMaout, E. and J. Decaisne. 1876. A general system of botany, 1,065 p. Longmans, Green, and Co., London, Mabberley, D.J. 1987. The plant-book, 706 p. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, Schopmeyer, C.S. 1974. Seeds of Woody plants in the United States. Agric. Handb. 450:1–883, Spjut, R.W. 1994. A systematic treatment of fruit types. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 70:1–182, Wood, C.E., Jr. 1974. A student's atlas of flowering plants: Some dicotyledons of eastern North America, 120 pp. Harper and Row, New York.
Illustrations
Poor fruit and no seed illustrations. Disseminule illustration(s): fruit, or fruit, or embryo. Fruit illustration(s): Cronquist. Fruit illustration(s): Gunn & Ritchie, LeMaout & Decaisne, Wood, Jr., Cronquist, Schopmeyer. Embryo illustration(s): Gunn & Ritchie, LeMaout & Decaisne, Wood, Jr., Schopmeyer, Martin.
• Fruit. 1 of 34. Ajuga macrosperma Wall.: naked fruit and fruit with calyx. • Seed. 2 of 34. Ajuga macrosperma Wall.: seeds. • Fruit. 3 of 34. Alvesia rosmarinifolia Welw.: fruit. • Seed. 4 of 34. Alvesia rosmarinifolia Welw.: fruits. • Fruit. 5 of 34. Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt.: fruits with calyx. • Seed. 6 of 34. Dracocephalum parviflorum Nutt.: seeds. • Seed. 7 of 34. Hemigenia incana (Lindl.) Benth.: fruit cluster. • Fruit. 8 of 34. Hyptis longipes A. St.-Hil. ex Benth.: fruits with calyx. • Seed. 9 of 34. Hyptis longipes A. St.-Hil. ex Benth.: seeds. • Seed. 10 of 34. Lallemantia iberica (M. Bieb.) Fisch. & C. A. Mey.: seeds. • Seed. 13 of 34. Lavandula sp.: fruits. • Fruit. 14 of 34. Ocimum basilicum L.: fruits with calyx. • Seed. 15 of 34. Ocimum basilicum L.: fruits. • Seed. 16 of 34. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton: fruits. • Fruit. 17 of 34. Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm. f.) Kuntze: fruiting head. • Seed. 18 of 34. Pogostemon benghalensis (Burm. f.) Kuntze: fruits. • Fruit. 19 of 34. Scutellaria incana Biehler: fruits with calyx. • Seed. 20 of 34. Scutellaria incana Biehler: fruits. • Fruit. 21 of 34. Stachys recta L.: fruiting head with calyx. • Seed. 22 of 34. Stachys recta L.: fruits. • Seed. 23 of 34. Trichostema dichotomum L.: fruits. • Embryo. 24 of 34. Clerodendrum chinense (Osbeck) Mabb.: embryo. • Embryo. 25 of 34. Galeopsis speciosa Mill.: embryo. • Embryo. 26 of 34. Hyptis gaudichaudii Benth.: embryo. • Embryo. 27 of 34. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.: embryo. • Embryo. 28 of 34. Leucas martinicensis (Jacq.) R. Br.: embryo. • Embryo. 29 of 34. Moluccella laevis L.: embryo. • Embryo. 30 of 34. Ocimum americanum L.: embryo. • Embryo. 31 of 34. Ocimum gratissimum L.: embryo. • Embryo. 32 of 34. Platystoma africanum P. Beauv.: embryo. • Embryo. 33 of 34. Satureja pseudosimensis Brenan: embryo. • Embryo. 34 of 34. Teucrium scordium L.: embryo.
We advise against extracting comparative information from the descriptions. This is much more easily achieved using the DELTA data files or the interactive key, which allows access to the character list, illustrations, full and partial descriptions, diagnostic descriptions, differences and similarities between taxa, lists of taxa exhibiting or lacking specified attributes, and distributions of character states within any set of taxa. See also Guidelines for using data taken from Web publications.
Cite this publication as: ‘J.H. Kirkbride, Jr., C.R. Gunn, and M.J. Dallwitz. 2000 onwards. Family guide for fruits and seeds: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. Version: 12th April 2021. delta-intkey.com’.
