Fruit trees we are looking for
Canarium_schweinfurthii
Canarium schweinfurthii
Synonyms: Canarium chevalieri Guillaumin. Canarium khiala nomen nudum. Western Canarium A. Chev. Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin. Canarium velutinum Guillaumin
Common names: Aielé (commercial); African elemier
Local names: Bakoko: libel. Bakwéri: wotwa. Bamoun: mboura. Bangangté: mbeu. Bassa: hehe. Baya: bili, gbéri. Boulou: abel. Douala: sao eyidi. Ewondo: abel, otu elé. Ibo: oubwé-osa, oubwé-okpoko. Koma: gbabo, gbalé (fruit). Ngoumba: beautiful. Pygmy Bagielli: beloved. Pygmy Baka: sèné
Origin, geographical distribution and ecology
Species from tropical Africa, present from Casamance to Angola and East Africa in moist evergreen forests, semi-deciduous forests, secondary forests, gallery forests and dry forests. In Cameroon, it is found throughout the forest zone, as far as the forest valleys on the western plateau of Adamaoua.
Description
Large tree up to 45 m tall and 150 cm in diameter, base slightly conical or with a wheelbase; straight bole, cylindrical, very branchy crown, tufted foliage consisting of large leaves grouped in stars at the ends of the branches; Light gray bark, split longitudinally and exfoliating into rectangular scales in old trees, pink, very fragrant brittle slice, exuding a translucent aromatic resin that becomes opaque to yellow white solidifying.
Leaves alternate, in stellate bundle of about ten at the end of twigs, composed impari-pinnate; up to 60 cm in length; petioles suballate; up to 12 pairs of opposite leaflets; more or less leathery, oblong to lanceolate or elliptic, up to 8.5 x 6 cm, bases cordate, tips acuminate, pubescent to hairless.
Dioecious plant. Inflorescences in panicles of bipedal cymes up to 30 cm long.
Whitish, campanulate flowers up to 1 cm tall; trimers; 6 stamens in male flowers, 3-cell ovary in female flowers.
Fruits: ellipsoid drupes, purplish, fleshy pulp, very thick hard core, trine.
Single seed per nucleus, elliptical and slightly curved, white.
Deciduous leaves in the dry season. Flowering varies by region: July to August, December to March. Fructification variable: April to September, February to March, June to August.
Variability and conservation of the resource
In Cameroon, the tree is grown in several regions, particularly in the Western Highlands. It is also preserved during the clearing of crops. The current exploitation method does not present a priori any disadvantage for the regeneration and the survival of the species.
Agronomy
The fruit contains a thick, bony and trigonal nucleus. The plant multiplies by seeds. According to Njoukam (1997) attempts to stimulate sprouting by soaking seeds in boiling water or concentrated sulfuric acid have been inconclusive. On the other hand, the seeds from fruits cooked in warm water begin to germinate after 40 days and reach the maximum germination rate of 95% after 90 days. The seedlings can be planted in the field after a period of 6 to 7 months in the nursery. Under the ideal conditions of culture, the species enters fruiting at the age of 8, when the trees measure on average 4 m in height. The growth, very fast, is 45 cm per year on average. In the adult stage, the trees have a rather bulky crown. As a result, planting feet should be spaced about 10 m apart to ensure optimum production.
Canarium schweinfurthii grows well on clay soils rich in organic matter and well irrigated. Current plantations are experimental and concentrated mainly in the experimental fields of IRAD. More frequently, they are found in stands or isolated individuals in fields, fallows and home gardens.
According to Njoukam (2002), the ability of the plant to produce a lot of stump rejects is a favorable index for vegetative propagation. This will make it possible, if successful, to put only female seedlings at the disposal of the peasants, since only these individuals bear fruit.
The difficulty of differentiating a male plant from a female plant before entry into production is a hindrance to the early selection of homogeneous and highly productive female individuals for plantations.
Seeds that have fallen to the ground and are very sunny germinate easily. Seedling growth is quite fast.The multiplication is done by sowing resulting from the germination of the seeds. The hard shell of the nucleus is a barrier to the penetration of the water necessary for the imbibition of the seed. The cores are soaked in hot water for a while or exposed to the sun until cracking of the hull. The nuclei germination is then fast (about 1 month) and the germination rate is high (80%). The mortality rate of seedlings is low. Young trees bloom and fruit 6-8 years after planting. Uses Canarium schweinfurthii is a multipurpose tree. It is a source of energy, medicine, food and has significant socio-cultural value (Tchiegang et al., 2002). The most used parts of the plant are: fruits, leaves, bark and wood. The fruits of Canarium schweinfurthii are eaten like those of Pachylobus edulis (Walker and Sillans, 1995). The fruit pulp is consumed after cooking with hot water or grilled under the ash. The seed is oleaginous and is widely consumed in the western province of Cameroon (Vivien and Faure 1995, Tchiegang et al. A locally marketed food oil is extracted by the Koma from the Atlantika Mountains (Vivien and Faure, 1995). In Gabon, the bark of Canarium schweinfurthii is used in enema. Medicinally, boiled leaves used in decoction with other plants cure coughing. Grilled and ground seeds produce an effective oil for the treatment of skin diseases. Boiled bark is used as a decoction to treat hypertension (Ruffo et al., 2002). Canarium schweinfurthii resin has emollient, diuretic and stimulating properties (Walker and Sillans 1995). Canarium schweinfurthii has many uses as a source of wood (Laird, 2000). Wood can be used as a substitute for Okoumé for the manufacture of plywood. It is used in planks and is used by natives to make canoes and troughs (Walker and Sillans, 1995). Canarium schweinfurthii resin is sometimes used to make flares or smoke to keep mosquitoes away (Burkill 1995, Aubreville 1959 cited by Carrierre 2000). In the Bassa, this resin was once melted and glued to the bottom of the calabashes to purify and give flavor to drinking water. It is burned as incense or used to light the fire; hence the name "bush candle" (Laird, 2000). It is also involved in some magic rites. In Gabon, the bark of young trees is used in the manufacture of cylindrical boxes.
Synonyms: Canarium chevalieri Guillaumin. Canarium khiala nomen nudum. Western Canarium A. Chev. Canarium thollonicum Guillaumin. Canarium velutinum Guillaumin
Common names: Aielé (commercial); African elemier
Local names: Bakoko: libel. Bakwéri: wotwa. Bamoun: mboura. Bangangté: mbeu. Bassa: hehe. Baya: bili, gbéri. Boulou: abel. Douala: sao eyidi. Ewondo: abel, otu elé. Ibo: oubwé-osa, oubwé-okpoko. Koma: gbabo, gbalé (fruit). Ngoumba: beautiful. Pygmy Bagielli: beloved. Pygmy Baka: sèné
Origin, geographical distribution and ecology
Species from tropical Africa, present from Casamance to Angola and East Africa in moist evergreen forests, semi-deciduous forests, secondary forests, gallery forests and dry forests. In Cameroon, it is found throughout the forest zone, as far as the forest valleys on the western plateau of Adamaoua.
Description
Large tree up to 45 m tall and 150 cm in diameter, base slightly conical or with a wheelbase; straight bole, cylindrical, very branchy crown, tufted foliage consisting of large leaves grouped in stars at the ends of the branches; Light gray bark, split longitudinally and exfoliating into rectangular scales in old trees, pink, very fragrant brittle slice, exuding a translucent aromatic resin that becomes opaque to yellow white solidifying.
Leaves alternate, in stellate bundle of about ten at the end of twigs, composed impari-pinnate; up to 60 cm in length; petioles suballate; up to 12 pairs of opposite leaflets; more or less leathery, oblong to lanceolate or elliptic, up to 8.5 x 6 cm, bases cordate, tips acuminate, pubescent to hairless.
Dioecious plant. Inflorescences in panicles of bipedal cymes up to 30 cm long.
Whitish, campanulate flowers up to 1 cm tall; trimers; 6 stamens in male flowers, 3-cell ovary in female flowers.
Fruits: ellipsoid drupes, purplish, fleshy pulp, very thick hard core, trine.
Single seed per nucleus, elliptical and slightly curved, white.
Deciduous leaves in the dry season. Flowering varies by region: July to August, December to March. Fructification variable: April to September, February to March, June to August.
Variability and conservation of the resource
In Cameroon, the tree is grown in several regions, particularly in the Western Highlands. It is also preserved during the clearing of crops. The current exploitation method does not present a priori any disadvantage for the regeneration and the survival of the species.
Agronomy
The fruit contains a thick, bony and trigonal nucleus. The plant multiplies by seeds. According to Njoukam (1997) attempts to stimulate sprouting by soaking seeds in boiling water or concentrated sulfuric acid have been inconclusive. On the other hand, the seeds from fruits cooked in warm water begin to germinate after 40 days and reach the maximum germination rate of 95% after 90 days. The seedlings can be planted in the field after a period of 6 to 7 months in the nursery. Under the ideal conditions of culture, the species enters fruiting at the age of 8, when the trees measure on average 4 m in height. The growth, very fast, is 45 cm per year on average. In the adult stage, the trees have a rather bulky crown. As a result, planting feet should be spaced about 10 m apart to ensure optimum production.
Canarium schweinfurthii grows well on clay soils rich in organic matter and well irrigated. Current plantations are experimental and concentrated mainly in the experimental fields of IRAD. More frequently, they are found in stands or isolated individuals in fields, fallows and home gardens.
According to Njoukam (2002), the ability of the plant to produce a lot of stump rejects is a favorable index for vegetative propagation. This will make it possible, if successful, to put only female seedlings at the disposal of the peasants, since only these individuals bear fruit.
The difficulty of differentiating a male plant from a female plant before entry into production is a hindrance to the early selection of homogeneous and highly productive female individuals for plantations.
Seeds that have fallen to the ground and are very sunny germinate easily. Seedling growth is quite fast.The multiplication is done by sowing resulting from the germination of the seeds. The hard shell of the nucleus is a barrier to the penetration of the water necessary for the imbibition of the seed. The cores are soaked in hot water for a while or exposed to the sun until cracking of the hull. The nuclei germination is then fast (about 1 month) and the germination rate is high (80%). The mortality rate of seedlings is low. Young trees bloom and fruit 6-8 years after planting. Uses Canarium schweinfurthii is a multipurpose tree. It is a source of energy, medicine, food and has significant socio-cultural value (Tchiegang et al., 2002). The most used parts of the plant are: fruits, leaves, bark and wood. The fruits of Canarium schweinfurthii are eaten like those of Pachylobus edulis (Walker and Sillans, 1995). The fruit pulp is consumed after cooking with hot water or grilled under the ash. The seed is oleaginous and is widely consumed in the western province of Cameroon (Vivien and Faure 1995, Tchiegang et al. A locally marketed food oil is extracted by the Koma from the Atlantika Mountains (Vivien and Faure, 1995). In Gabon, the bark of Canarium schweinfurthii is used in enema. Medicinally, boiled leaves used in decoction with other plants cure coughing. Grilled and ground seeds produce an effective oil for the treatment of skin diseases. Boiled bark is used as a decoction to treat hypertension (Ruffo et al., 2002). Canarium schweinfurthii resin has emollient, diuretic and stimulating properties (Walker and Sillans 1995). Canarium schweinfurthii has many uses as a source of wood (Laird, 2000). Wood can be used as a substitute for Okoumé for the manufacture of plywood. It is used in planks and is used by natives to make canoes and troughs (Walker and Sillans, 1995). Canarium schweinfurthii resin is sometimes used to make flares or smoke to keep mosquitoes away (Burkill 1995, Aubreville 1959 cited by Carrierre 2000). In the Bassa, this resin was once melted and glued to the bottom of the calabashes to purify and give flavor to drinking water. It is burned as incense or used to light the fire; hence the name "bush candle" (Laird, 2000). It is also involved in some magic rites. In Gabon, the bark of young trees is used in the manufacture of cylindrical boxes.