Whitney Hamer’s Post

Thursday, May 2, 2024 I presented and proposed new terminology for the profession of arboriculture. Some terms are scientific, while others are more colloquial. The main objective is to facilitate ongoing conversation regarding the adoption of an ever expanding and refining glossary of professional language for arborists. Here is the proposed terminology: Terms for specialized professions Arborism: a belief system that values a tree as a complex and incomparable natural resource that provides observable & measurable ecosystem benefits within human ecology Arboricology: the diagnosis, prognosis & treatment of tree health Arborometry: the measurement of tree site dynamics: soil pH, biologicals, fertility, water holding capacity, carbon sequestration, shade study, etc Arbormatics: the study & implementation of tree data management  Arborology: the scientific study and research of trees Dendronomy: the physical laws, or conclusions about trees, based on repeated scientific experiments and observations over many years and which have become accepted universally within the scientific community. Terms for Tree Characteristics Semi-marcescent: a tree that retains only a portion of its annual desiccated leaves; semi-clingleaf Empitropism: the growth orientation of a tree away from a physical obstacle Pronation: the rotation of a trunk or limb so that the surface of the foliage is facing downward or toward the side Trunk current: the direction of movement in a twisted trunk Branch current: the direction of movement in a twisted branch Canopy current: the direction of formation in the crown of a tree Sweep: the curve line of a trunk Branch contortion: distorted branch formation Accessory trunk: a limb or trunk that is unnecessary but has been retained intentionally Feature limb: typically the largest branch in the tree and often the focal point Feature point: the focal point of a tree (if existent). This is typically located on the "face" of the tree as strategically positioned at planting. Types of Multi-trunk forms Coppiced: basal or stem topped multi-trunks; stump resprouts Cluster: multiple trees planted together as a single specimen Cleft: characterized by tight branching with V-crotches and likely included bark Cradled: open, widely spaced trunks perched atop a standard bole Centered: accessory trunks radiating off of a main central trunk Also proposed: an alternate spelling for arboriculture, where the "i" is dropped to support the widespread pronunciation of arborculture. Both arboriculture and arborculture would be considered proper spelling. What do you think? Is this progressive? Sacrilegious? Do you have terms you use that you think should be part of the profession's vernacular?

The Gullele Botanic Garden was established to preserve and safeguard indigenous, rare, endemic, endangered, and economically important plant species. This study aimed to identify and map the exotic, invasive, and potentially invasive plant species present in the garden’s various land use types, such as natural vegetation, plantations, roadsides and garden edges. The research involved laying plots at different distances in each land use type and collecting vegetation data with geo-location information. Sorensen’s similarity index measured the floristic similarity between the sampled land use types. Data on species density and abundance were analyzed using the corresponding formula. The Shannon–Wiener diversity index and evenness were used to compute the diversity of the species in each land use type using R packages. ArcGIS version 10.5 was used to track the geographical distribution and map the exotic, invasive, and potentially invasive species that exist in all land use types of the garden. A total of 80 plant species belonging to 70 genera in 44 families were recorded in the garden. Asteraceae, Myrtaceae, and Fabaceae comprised the highest number of species. Acacia decurrens, Acacia melanoxylon, Cuscuta campestris, Galinsoga parviflora, Nerium oleander, and Cyathula uncinulata were the most prevalent invasive and potentially invasive species. The study found that the roadside and garden edge land use types had the most diverse exotic and invasive plants. The total density of exotic species was 2.36 plants/m2. The potential possibility of these plants in displacing the native plant species is quite high unless the introduction of exotic plant species is inspected and appropriate management strategies for invasive species are put in place. https://lnkd.in/d8ph2q5X

Here's a great article for those interested in rare plants, the importance of botanic gardens and the power of citizen science! #citizenscience #communityscience #botanicgardens #plantconservation #wollemianobilis

Agave Montana - A Comprehensive Study and Distillation Odyssey The recently discovered Agave montana, described within the genus, is situated on the fringes of the Chihuahuan Desert in mountainous regions, as documented by Villarreal in 1996. Its distribution spans pine-oak forests, specifically at altitudes ranging from 3,000 to 3,400 meters above sea level, in the foothills of the Sierra Madre Oriental. This species shares morphological similarities with A. gentryi and A. parrasana, particularly in the structure of the floral scape characterized by its thickness (12-16 cm in diameter) and the presence of concave, succulent bracts. Nevertheless, it distinguishes itself with larger rosettes (1.65 m in diameter and 1.25 m in height), a greater number of leaves (up to 112 per individual), panicle-shaped and oval leaves, more floral branches (approximately 30 branches), and toothed elliptical bracts measuring 18-25 cm in length and 8-12 cm in width, according to Villarreal's studies in 1996. The most representative morphological and physiological characteristics of Agave montana include its semelparous nature, exclusive reproduction through seeds, protandry (development of stamens before pistils), and the arrangement of its leaves in 12 to 16 rows, as reported by Villarreal in 1996. Notably, unlike the other mentioned species, Agave montana exhibits an extended flowering period, with equal durations in its staminate and pistillate phases, both lasting 96 hours. This species presents a nocturnal pollination syndrome, with sphingids and Lepidoptera order moths serving as its main pollinators. Regarding its conservation status, Agave montana was last assessed for the IUCN Red List in 2018 and is classified as "Least Concern." This status underscores the need to continue monitoring and conserving this species, recognizing its uniqueness and contribution to the ecosystem. The narrative takes a noteworthy turn in the realm of Agave distillation. In 2016, the Mezcales de Leyendas brand introduced the Mezcales Únicos series, commencing with the Montana Special Edition 2016, limiting production to 369 bottles. This exclusive edition, crafted in collaboration with the Obregón family, renowned producers from Guerrero, represents the inaugural distillation of Agave montana. The meticulous experience of father and son during their journey to the Tamaulipas mountains has resulted in a renowned mezcal, offering collectors and agave enthusiasts the opportunity to savor an exceptional creation. In conclusion, the story of Agave montana unfolds as a fascinating chapter in botanical exploration and distillation, highlighting the importance of preserving and appreciating the biological and cultural diversity associated with this species.

Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, discovered 74 new plants and 15 fungi last year. Out of which the top 10 species described as new to science in 2023 are a reminder of the beauty and wonder of the natural world - and a stark warning of the dangers of biodiversity loss and climate change, the researchers say. An orchid which was found at the top of a volcano called as Dendrobium lancilabium.Waigeo is an island of about 3,155 km² in the Raja Ampat archipelago off the coast of the western tip of Indonesian New Guinea. During fieldwork on this island in February 2020, a team from West Papua’s Natural Resources Conservation Centre of the Ministry of Environment & Forestry, Republic of Indonesia ( PapuaBarat) and staff from the Indonesia team of Fauna & Flora International visited its highest mountain, Mount Nok, an 880 m high extinct volcano which resulted in discovery of this orchid. Taxonomy :Dendrobium lancilabium J.J.Sm. sub-sp. Schuit., & Heatubun, subsp. nov. [sect. Calyptrochilus]. Type: Indonesia, Raja Ampat, Waigeo Island, Kampung Waifoi, Gunung Nok, 820 m, 20 February 2020, Yanuar Ishaq Dwi Cahyo & Maurits Kafiar s.n. (holotype MAN; isotype BO). Morphology: •Roots: 0.8–1.1 mm diameter sparsely branching, smooth. •Stems:red-brown, tufted, erect, slender, sparsely branching, 16–19 cm long, 2.5 mm diam., slightly flexuose. •Leaf: Leaf sheaths tubular, smooth, dull dark purple, blackish punctate when dry.Leaves patent, not spreading in one plane with the stem, soon deciduous, mid-green, narrowly lanceolate oblong. Anther almost square in outline, 2.3 mm wide; apex truncate. Pollinia narrowly oblong in outline, those of a pair slightly unequal, the longest 1.6 mm, the shortest 1.4 mm long. Fruit not seen. •Distribution :Indonesia, Papua Barat Province, Raja Ampat: Waigeo Island. Endemic. The typical subspecies (sub- sp. lancilabium) is found in most of the mountain ranges of the Vogelkop and Wandammen Peninsulas of western New Guinea •Phenology:Flowering observed in February. •Etymology:Named in honour of Hj. Wury Estu Handayani Ma’ruf Amin, wife of the Vice President of Indonesia, H.E. Ma’ruf Amin, for her contribution to stimulate and support conservation, preservation and sustainable utilization of local flora, orchids in particular, and development in general in West Papua province. •Habitat and ecology:Epiphyte on trees 8–12 m above the ground in moss/ mist forest, at 820 m altitude.

The trillium plant, also known as the wake-robin, is a magical and enchanting flower that holds a special place in the natural world. With its delicate beauty and unique characteristics, the trillium captivates the hearts of nature enthusiasts and botany lovers alike. One of the most fascinating aspects of the trillium is its distinct three-petal structure. The flower blooms in various colors, including white, pink, purple, and yellow, with three petals and three sepals. This tripartite arrangement gives rise to its name, as "trillium" is derived from the Latin word "tri," meaning three. Trilliums are typically found in temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. They thrive in shady woodland areas, where they carpet the forest floor with their elegant presence. These plants prefer moist, well-drained soil and are often associated with mature, undisturbed forests. One of the enchanting qualities of trilliums is their ability to change color as they mature. The flowers start off as a light color, often white or pale pink, and gradually darken to a deeper hue as they age. This color transformation adds a sense of mystery and allure to the trillium, as if it is revealing its inner secrets over time. Trilliums have a symbiotic relationship with ants. They produce a sweet, sticky substance called elaiosome on their seeds, which attracts ants. The ants carry the seeds away, dispersing them to new locations and aiding in the plant's reproduction. This unique seed dispersal mechanism ensures the survival and diversity of trillium populations. In folklore and mythology, trilliums are associated with various meanings and magical properties. Some Native American tribes believed that trilliums possessed healing powers and used them in medicinal remedies. Others considered the trillium a symbol of purity and used it in rituals and ceremonies. The trillium's ephemeral nature adds to its allure. The flowers bloom for a short period, usually in spring, and then disappear, leaving behind only their leaves. This fleeting display of beauty reminds us to cherish the transient moments in life and appreciate the ever-changing cycles of nature. Trilliums also play a crucial role in ecosystem health. As indicator species, they provide valuable information about the health and vitality of forest ecosystems. Their presence or absence can indicate the level of disturbance or habitat degradation in an area, making them important indicators for conservation efforts. In conclusion, the trillium plant is a magical and captivating species that enchants us with its delicate beauty, mysterious color transformations, and ecological significance. Its tripartite structure, symbiotic relationship with ants, and ephemeral nature add to its charm and allure. Whether admired in the wild or cultivated in gardens, the trillium continues to inspire wonder and appreciation for the wonders of the natural world.

Hey connections, I'm here to talk about the trees. #snsdesignthinking #snsdesignthinkers #snsinstitutions In botany, a tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem, or trunk, usually supporting branches and leaves. In some usages, the definition of a tree may be narrower, including only woody plants with secondary growth, plants that are usable as lumber or plants above a specified height. In wider definitions, the taller palms, tree ferns, bananas, and bamboos are also trees. Trees are not a monophyletic taxonomic group but consist of a wide variety of plant species that have independently evolved a trunk and branches as a way to tower above other plants to compete for sunlight. The majority of tree species are angiosperms or hardwoods; of the rest, many are gymnosperms or softwoods. Trees tend to be long-lived, some reaching several thousand years old. Trees have been in existence for 370 million years. It is estimated that there are around three trillion mature trees in the world. A tree typically has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground by the trunk. This trunk typically contains woody tissue for strength, and vascular tissue to carry materials from one part of the tree to another. For most trees it is surrounded by a layer of bark which serves as a protective barrier. Below the ground, the roots branch and spread out widely; they serve to anchor the tree and extract moisture and nutrients from the soil. Above ground, the branches divide into smaller branches and shoots. The shoots typically bear leaves, which capture light energy and convert it into sugars by photosynthesis, providing the food for the tree's growth and development. Trees usually reproduce using seeds. Flowers and fruit may be present, but some trees, such as conifers, instead have pollen cones and seed cones. Palms, bananas, and bamboos also produce seeds, but tree ferns produce spores instead. Trees play a significant role in reducing erosion and moderating the climate. They remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and store large quantities of carbon in their tissues. Trees and forests provide a habitat for many species of animals and plants. Tropical rainforests are among the most biodiverse habitats in the world. Trees provide shade and shelter, timber for construction, fuel for cooking and heating, and fruit for food as well as having many other uses. In much of the world, forests are shrinking as trees are cleared to increase the amount of land available for agriculture. Because of their longevity and usefulness, trees have always been revered, with sacred groves in various cultures, and they play a role in many of the world's mythologies.

Reposted from @annalsofbotany #aobpapers #floraltraits #climatechange #pollinator #himalaya #appalachian #rhododendrons #mountains 1-🎉Great news! The new paper ‘Floral traits and their connection with pollinators and climate’ in @annbot by Shweta Basnett is now #free for a limited time. 2- Floral characteristics in plants vary widely, influenced by multiple factors. One area less explored is the combined role of pollinators and climate on these traits across large geographical scales. 3- Researchers collected floral traits, floral visitors, and climatic data from 21 Rhododendron species across North America (Appalachians) and Asia (Himalaya). 4- 🐦🐝🦋🪰Four main pollinator groups were identified: birds, bees, butterflies, and flies. Asian Rhododendron species were mainly visited by birds, bees, and flies, while North American ones had bees and butterflies as primary visitors. 5- 🌼 Nectar traits were found to vary significantly based on the visitor identity. Flowers visited by birds had higher volumes of dilute nectar, whereas those visited by insects produced concentrated nectar. 6- 🌦️ Interestingly, nectar trait variation in the Himalayas was influenced by climate, showing significant interactions with pollinator identity. This highlights the combined role of climate and pollinators in shaping floral traits. The study also found a strong phylogenetic signal for nectar concentration and corolla length across the Rhododendron species analyzed. This suggests an evolutionary basis for these traits. 🌿 In conclusion, both pollinators and climate play crucial and interactive roles in driving nectar trait variation. Understanding this can help protect plant-pollinator interactions in the face of global change. 📗Read the article 👉

𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐧 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐚𝐛𝐨𝐮𝐭 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐛𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐧𝐜𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐥𝐢𝐟𝐞 𝐨𝐧 𝐄𝐚𝐫𝐭𝐡, 𝐰𝐡𝐚𝐭 𝐝𝐨 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐩𝐢𝐜𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞? Take a break from your screen and look at plants − botanizing is a great way to engage with life around you. #climatechange #climatehelp #climatecrisis #glovalwarming #botanizing #biodiversity #ecology #botanicalboom

Bird’s Nest Fern🪴🪴🪴 Scientific name: Asplenium nidus Family: Aspleniaceae Clade: Tracheophytes Class: Polypodiopsida Division: Polypodiophyta Genus: Asplenium Kingdom: Plantae Bird's nest ferns (Asplenium nidus) are epiphytic ferns thriving within their rainforest homes by growing upon other plants. This fern is a native to tropical regions of Africa, Australia, and Asia. It can be found growing either terrestrially on the ground or epiphytically on trees. Occasionally, it may even take root on rocks, as noted by Piggott in 1988. The sword-shaped fronds of the bird's nest fern emerge from the plant's center, creating an inverted cone shape. These fronds can grow impressively long, ranging from approximately 50 to 120 centimeters, with a width of 10 to 20 centimeters. They are characterized by their light green color, often displaying a crinkled texture, and featuring a smooth-edged blade with a prominent black midrib. Sporangia, responsible for reproduction, develop in clusters known as sori, which are covered by elongated structures called indusia located on the back of the fronds. Additionally, the fern possesses roots for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil. It's worth noting that the fern's size can vary depending on its habitat, as observed by Piggott in 1988. Bird's nest ferns survive in environments with high humidity, moist, well-drained soil, and medium to bright indirect light. Due to their preference for warm and humid conditions, they make excellent additions to indoor, where such conditions are often found. Plant enthusiasts often favor this ferns due to their lush fronds and distinctive growth pattern, adding a touch of uniqueness to any collection. Pic Location : Department of Botany Garden, University of Kerala