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Digitaria acuminatissima. A. Marge d'un limbe foliaire (fragment). B. Base du limbe foliaire, ligule et partie supérieure de la gaine étalée. C. Axe d'un épi (fragment). D. Id., en coupe transversale. E. Epillet, avec la glume
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... Répartition des espèces en fonction des zones phytogéographiques des zones phytogéographiques, les espèces sauvages apparentées de légumes feuilles cultivées du genre Solanum sont présentes dans presque tous les types de végétation du Sénégal constitués majoritairement de savanes et de steppes(Ngom et al., 2016). En effet, certaines espèces se rencontrent à la fois en milieux arides où la végétation est de type steppe (au nord) et humides (au sud) composées principalement deforêts et de savanes boisées (Tableau 3). ...
Le genre Solanum est l'un des plus importants de la flore du Sénégal tant par sa richesse spécifique que par sa valeur socio-économique. Cependant, si les espèces cultivées font l’objet d’étude sous diverses formes, les sauvages sont fréquemment éliminées. L’étude vise à renseigner sur la chorologie, l’écologie et les usages des espèces sauvages apparentées de légumes feuilles cultivées. Des enquêtes ont été menées auprès des populations et les résultats obtenus ont été complétés par la recherche bibliographique et les informations mentionnées dans les parts d’herbier. L’étude révèle que ces espèces occupent des milieux divers. Au Sénégal, elles sont présentes dans toutes les zones agroécologiques avec une grande diversité dans la zone des Niayes. Elles se rencontrent aussi bien en milieux arides où la végétation est de type steppe qu’en milieux humides composées principalement de savanes et affectionnent mieux les sols ferrugineux tropicaux. L’étude ethnobotanique réalisée a révélé cinq types d’utilisation : médicinale (47,87%), alimentaire (27,66 %), culturelle (14,89%), fourragère 8,51% et artisanale 1,06%. Les organes affectés à ces utilisations sont la feuille (43,36%) suivie de la racine (30,97%), du fruit (24,78%) et de la tige (0,88%). La connaissance des espèces favorise une meilleure valorisation de celles qui vivent dans des écosystèmes en proie à une forte urbanisation.
... As proof, they belong to the same Section "Clavipilae" characterized by ternate spikelets with the presence of appressed clavate hairs [39,40]. Regarding to D. acuminatissima, D. ciliaris, D. horizontalis, D. perrottetii and D. velutina, they constitute a fairly complex group sharing many common traits and which are mostly discriminated from reproductive characters [41]. Their grouping in the Section "Sanguinales" by [37] in the Flora of Tropical Africa attests to this proximity. ...
Original Research Article White fonio (Digitaria exilis Stapf), a neglected crop in West African countries, is considered as a strategic source for nutrition and food security and a potential source to generate significant financial returns for farmers. Fonio has agronomic potentialities and adaptation to drought conditions that make it deserve special attention as well as its wild relatives which have interesting genetic traits for its improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between white fonio and its wild relatives based on agro-morphological traits and SSR markers. A total of 25 accessions belonging to 10 species and provided from the Herbaria of DAKAR and IFAN and from our collections were analyzed. Morphological and SSR similarity between species was calculated and the correlation between morphological and genetic variation was analyzed by the Mantel test. The results showed three main classes for each method used and a closely relationship between D. exilis and D. longiflora phenotypically and genetically compared to other studied Digitaria species. Mantel test revealed positive correlation between the two marker systems (r = 0.39, p = 0.013). Therefore, the techniques of molecular biology, such as the use of SSR markers, are effective tools to better understand genetic diversity within te genus Digitaria.
... Au Sénégal, les plantes à fleurs sont relativement bien connues et comprennent environ 2500 espèces (Bâ et Noba, 2001 (Sambou, 2000), le genre Combretum Loefl. (Dione et Bă, 2003), le genre Ficus L. (Diop, 2012), le genre Digitaria Haller (Ngom, 2016) ou peu connues comme les Algues (Bodian, 2000 ;Ba et al., 2006 ;Guèye et al., 2014) ; les Champignons (Kane, 2014) ; les Lichens (Touré, 2015) ; les Ptéridophytes (Mingou et Gueye, 2017) et les Bryophytes (Diop et al.,2017). Dans cette même option, un travail de révision du genre Indigogera L. de la flore du Sénégal, a été initié. ...
... The genus Digitaria Haller comprises ca. 220 species distributed in tropical, subtropical, and temperate areas worldwide (Vega et al., 2009;Boonsuk et al., 2014;Okanume et al., 2014;Ngom et al., 2016;Lo Medico et al., 2017). In tropical Africa, accessible data mentions about sixty species (Robyns, 1931). ...
... The negative impacts of these anthropogenic factors and precarious climatic conditions balance the exploitation and regeneration of resources over time and space, which results in a gradual disappearance of land cover. In Senegal, studies on the distribution of crabgrass are out of date (Berhaut, 1967;Vanden, 1991) and some species such as Digitaria aristulata, Digitaria gentilis and Digitaria patagiata are rare, endemic and endangered, respectively (USAID/Senegal, 2008;Ngom et al., 2016). Therefore, gathering such data could be crucial to determining the current geographical distribution of each species of that genus according to environmental factors. ...
Soil properties and microbial activities are indicators that shape plant communities and evolution. We aimed to determine the interdependency between trees, belowground herbaceous plants, soil characteristics, and arbuscular mycorrhizal communities. Vachellia seyal and Prosopis chilensis and their associated herb layers were targeted. Soils sampled beneath the trees and outside the canopies were subjected to physicochemical and microbial characterization. Randomly collected living roots of trees and dominant herbs were checked for arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. A tree seedlings nursery was conducted using black bags filled with the following substrates: natural soil 100%, soil mixed with leaf tree plants (LTPs) as organic matter at 10%, soil mixed with LTP at 20%, soil mixed with LTP at 30%, and soil mixed with LTP at 50%. As a result, the presence of trees improves both herb richness and diversity. Soil mycorrhizal inoculum potentials are higher beneath V. seyal than P. chilensis and decreased significantly with increasing distance from trees. The soil MIP decreased with increasing organic matter content for both tree species but was more pronounced for P. chilensis. Soil salinity is lower beneath V. seyal and higher under P. chilensis and outside the canopies. Soil fertility parameters such as carbon, nitrogen, and available phosphorus are higher beneath the trees and then decreased as the distance to the trees increases. We conclude that microbial communities, soil properties, and herb richness and diversity increased beneath the trees but decreased with increasing distance from the trees. This effect is tree species-dependent as P. chilensis increased soil salinity and decreased the belowground density of herbs.
Fallow plays an important role in weed flora management and soil fertility restoration. The aim of this study was to determine the structure of flora through systematic composition, life forms and chorology distribution. Thus, phytosociological surveys were carried out during 2015 and 2016 crop years on station in Eastern Senegal, Upper Casamance and Middle Casamance. The results revealed that flora consisted of 109 species distributed in 64 genera and 19 families. Dicotyledon was the most important form. Indeed, it represented 69% of the species, 69% of the genera and 79% of the families. This flora was more diverse in Kolda where it was composed of 91 species, distributed in 57 genera and 15 families. In Sefa, the flora contained 52 species, 38 genera and 11 families while in Sinthiou Maleme, the flora is rich of 43 species, 31 genera and 9 families. The overall analysis of the biological spectrum showed a large dominance of therophytes (78.9%) followed by phanerophytes (9.2%) and hemicryptophytes (6.4%). The biogeographical distribution of the species revealed that african species (49 species) were the most important and followed by pantropical species (29 species). The present study allowed pointing out the flora of fallow lands in Eastern Senegal and Casamance which is essential before elaboration of any management plan for improving crop production.
