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![10. Hesperanthera ballii, quartzite endemic [BW].](profile/Jonathan-Timberlake/publication/333458183/figure/fig10/AS:856997964550149@1581335645764/Hesperanthera-ballii-quartzite-endemic-BW.png)
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![Figure 2.4. Chimanimani vista with Dissotis pulchra [BW] Figure 2.5....](profile/Jonathan-Timberlake/publication/333458183/figure/fig4/AS:856997964558343@1581335645449/Chimanimani-vista-with-Dissotis-pulchra-BW-Figure-25-View-over-upper-Mufomodzi_Q320.jpg)
In order to evaluate any conservation impact, and to address the comparative lack of
knowledge of plant distribution on the Mozambique side, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew in UK and the Micaia Foundation (a Mozambican NGO), in conjunction with the National
Herbarium in Maputo (Instituto de Investigação Agrária de Moçambique, IIAM) and the
National...
Contexts in source publication
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... total time spent up in the mountains was 37 days and a fairly extensive area was covered, particularly across the centre and northern parts. The main places visited are shown on a Google Earth image ( Figure 6.3). ...
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... elongatus ( Figure 6.4) -two Podocarpus species are present in Chimanimani -the large-leaved P. milanjianus, usually a medium to large tree, and a small-leaved shrub or treelet named as P. elongatus by Aljos Farjon (Farjon 2010, Farjon & Filer 2013, and on Kew herbarium sheets). ...
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... all the Chimanimani montane endemics are found either on quartzitic sandstone rocks or on soils derived from them, as was pointed out many years ago by both Phipps and Goodier (1962) and Wild (1964). Only two (Morella chimanimaniana (Figure 6.8) and Syncolostemon oritrephes) appear to be confined to the more nutrient-rich schistose soils, although sometimes quartzite endemics can be found on what appear to be soils of mixed provenance. ...
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... species of interest is the very showy and quite common shrub, Leucospermum saxosum ( Figure 6.5). Originally it was considered to be a Chimanimani endemic, but individuals have since been found in the northern Drakensberg mountains of eastern South Africa (Tzaneen and Pilgrims Rest, Beard 1993: 106). ...
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... looked for, there appear to be hardly any species known only from altitudes above 1900 m, the most exposed and extreme environment on the mountains. Streptocarpus montisbingae has only been recorded from sheltered crevices or caves above 2000 m, and the bulbous Hesperanthera ballii ( Figure 6.10) only from above almost 1900 m. ...
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... is also interesting to note the number of endemics that readily colonise or grow in disturbed habitats, such as Mesanthemum africanum along footpaths, Thesium chimanimaniensis in shallow pools left behind after mine workings, and Crotalaria collina on recent sandbanks after river disturbance. Although not endemic, Plectranthus chimanimaniensis ( Figure 6.6) is very common, almost ubiquitous, at the bases of rocks, even where there has been marked disturbance. ...
Citations
... This situation is more prone to occur in lowlands, where the amount and frequency of rainfall patterns are usually lower. In agreement, precipitation and temperature were reported as the most important variables for the coffee climatic suitability in Manica region (Chemura et al., 2016), thus, reinforcing our findings due to the similar edaphic and climatic features along the border of both provinces, where the crop is cultivated (Timberlake et al., 2016(Timberlake et al., , 2020, despite the potential presence of other variables that contribute to the geographic shifts of crops (Ochola et al., 2022). According to our findings, Manica region seems to be more suitable for coffee under FS management, covering a major suitable area than under AFS, which would be barely located in the Chimanimani region (Figs. ...
Climate changes (CC) are a main global phenomenon, with a worldwide impact on natural and agricultural ecosystems. The objective of this study was to analyse the potential impact of future CC on the suitability of areas
for rainfed coffee growth, both at the Mozambique national scale and in the Gorongosa Mountain, under Agroforestry (AFS) and Full Sun (FS) management systems. The latter study site is part of the Gorongosa National Park (PNG), one of the most biodiverse places and an outstanding case of successful ecosystem restoration, including the rainforest from Gorongosa Mountain. Additionally, coffee cultivation in PNG under AFS is part of a strategy to strengthen the socio-economic sustainability of the local population, and the recovery of biodiversity in a degraded tropical rainforest ecosystem. Future climate assessments were elaborated through bioclimatic and biophysical variables (Elevation), with Coffea arabica L. being modeled under the current conditions and four global climate models (GCMs) using four Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). Isothermality, annual precipitation, and altitude were the most important variables influencing suitable areas in Mozambique. The analysis revealed that currently suitable areas where C. arabica is grown in Mozambique will be negatively affected under future scenarios (SSP126 to SSP585) in both systems (AFS and FS), although with clear worst impacts for FS. Under AFS, suitable areas will be reduced between about half and two-thirds by 2041–2060, and up to 91% by 2081–2100 (depending on scenarios) at the whole country level. Additionally, in Gorongosa Mountain, almost all scenarios point to a 30% reduction of the suitable area by 2041–2060, reaching 50% by 2081–2100, both in SSP126 and SSP245 scenarios. In sharp contrast, at the whole country level, the FS system is projected to be unsuitable for most of Mozambique, with area losses close to or above two-thirds already in 2021–2040, and greater than 80% by 2061–2080. Under this system, the projections were even more dramatic, pointing to a total absence of adequate areas at Gorongosa Mountain already by 2021–2040. Overall, our study provides clear evidence that the implementation of AFS greatly reduces CC deleterious impacts, being crucial to guarantee the sustainability of the coffee crop in the near future.
... The account of Important Bird & Biodiversity Area 'Chimanimani Mountains (Mozambique)' (IBA MZ006: Parker 2001, BirdLife International 2020b lists Blue Swallow as a trigger species for site selection. Timberlake et al. (2016) reported suitable habitat for Blue Swallows in the Chimanimani area but did not record any (their survey was possibly not in the right season); however, numerous Aardvark burrows were noted as potential nest sites. They considered there to be as much suitable habitat on the Mozambique side of Chimanimani as on the Zimbabwe side of the massif, suggesting that the breeding population there could be significant. ...
We update knowledge of the status of seven hirundines in southern
Africa, with special focus on Mozambique. Records in Mozambique of the globally threatened Blue Swallow Hirundo atrocaerulea have not previously been fully collated, but it is estimated that c.50 pairs breed, or 4–10% of the global breeding population, with key sites at Serra Choa, ‘Penhalonga’ farm near Manica and, probably, around Chimanimani. Further surveys of this species are urgently required to evaluate its status more fully. The first documented record of Pearl-breasted Swallow and details of a recent record of Greater Striped Swallow in Mozambique are presented (both species have been reported previously). The status of White-throated H. albigularis and Red-breasted Swallows Cecropis semirufa, both of which are poorly known in Mozambique, are updated and recent records discussed. The first documented record of Eastern Saw-wing Psalidoprocne orientalis in South Africa and a recent sighting in southern Mozambique are presented. The status of Mascarene Martin Phedina borbonica in southern Africa is also reviewed and details of a record in South Africa presented.
... Following the infamous diamond rush in Marange in the eastern region of Zimbabwe, which brought global attention to diamond smuggling routes through the Chimanimani region (Saunders and Nyamunda 2016;Spiegel 2015a), new discoveries within the Chimanimani region drew migration for mineral extraction activity. Mainstream conservation discourse have projected both mobility of artisanal miners and panning operations in negative terms, associating these with ecosystem disruption particularly destruction of streams and watersheds (see also Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund-CEPF-Research Report by Timberlake et al. 2016;Mawere 2011). However, critical research literature elsewhere in Africa has documented the economic and social importance of migration as a way of pursuing limited livelihood opportunities (Bryceson and Jønsson 2010;Jønsson and Bryceson 2009;Nyame and Grant 2014). ...
Various critiques of transboundary natural resource governance in southern Africa have questioned the efficacy and social equity dimensions of prevailing strategies for protecting transnational ecosystems, highlighting the importance of sociological research on the potentially ‘other-ing’ impacts of mainstream conservation policy discourse. We draw on research in the Chimanimani Trans-Frontier Conservation Area (TFCA) on both sides of the Zimbabwe–Mozambique border, scrutinizing simplifications inherent in terms such as “illegal foreigners” that obfuscate histories and contemporary realities of cross-border social ties. Engaging perspectives of park authorities and chiefs as well as people who have taken up artisanal mining, we explore two related themes—how ‘belonging’ is negotiated as well as how conservation agendas are instrumentalized by state and non-state actors. Bringing attention to gaps between policy discourses surrounding TFCAs and territorialized practices of exclusion, the article concludes by calling for greater attention to the mutating significance of colonially established boundaries as well as the dynamic influences of social networks in borderland spaces.
