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The submerged evergreen aquatic plant Myriophyllum heterophyllum is among the worst
invasive species in Europe, causing severe problems especially in navigation channels but also lentic systems. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview and update on the current distribution and risks associated with this species in Europe and elsewhere....
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... was observed by Manuel (1973), cited in [6], who described that terrestrial plants had small shoots of maximum 10 cm height, with strongly cutinized leaves. Clumped plant remains left along the shoreline after management can survive in a terrestrial form [2,43] (Figure 4). It is currently unclear if these terrestrial forms can contribute to the spread of the species, but they are certainly able to regain vigorous growth when again being submerged in water. ...
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Dall’s sheep ( Ovis dalli dalli ) are important herbivores in the mountainous ecosystems of northwestern North America, and recent declines in some populations have sparked concern. Our aim was to improve capabilities for fecal metabarcoding diet analysis of Dall’s sheep and other herbivores by contributing new sequence data for arctic a...
Citations
... Deze maatregel zorgt evenwel niet voor uitroeiing van de populaties (Anderson, et al. 2015). Maaien verwijderd ook potentiële herbivore macroinvertebraten, wat de populatie kan bestendigen (Gross, et al. 2020). Het is altijd aangewezen de biomassa te verwijderen van de oever. ...
... Het is altijd aangewezen de biomassa te verwijderen van de oever. Deze maatregel dient bij voorkeur in de late herfst om inheemse macrofytenpopulaties te vrijwaren en het competitief voordeel van overblijvende M. heterophyllum te verkleinen neutraliseren (Gross, et al. 2020). ...
... Zowel de bovengrondse plantendelen als het wortelstelsel dienen verwijderd te worden. De timing van deze maatregel zou in de late herfst moeten zijn, omdat dan inheemse macrofyten beter gevrijwaard worden en het competitieve voordeel van het altijdgroene M. heterophyllum verkleint (Anderson, et al. 2015;Gross, et al. 2020). Deze maatregel werd in Nederland succesvol toegepast om te soort onder controle te houden (Van Emmerik, 2015). ...
De Vlaamse Waterweg nv streeft naar een doordacht beleid voor het beheer van invasieve
uitheemse soorten in haar werkingsgebied. Deze ambitie resulteerde in de noodzaak om
prioritaire invasieve uitheemse oever- en waterplanten te identificeren. Deze planten kunnen
immers, zowel nu als in de komende decennia onder de invloed van verwachte
klimaatscenario's, een bedreiging vormen voor de stabiliteit, integriteit en functioneren van de
infrastructuur. Dit rapport is de eerste aanzet in de uitwerking van een algemene
beheerstrategie voor deze prioritaire soorten.
Het eerste hoofdstuk beschrijft de methodologie tot het afbakenen van prioritaire soorten. Het
tweede hoofdstuk gaat in op algemene beheerrichtlijnen en geeft een overzicht van
beheersuggesties voor uitroeiing of controle. Beheermaatregelen worden vervolgens uitvoerig
omschreven in hoofdstuk 3. Voor elke soort worden de resultaten van beheermaatregelen en -
suggesties samengevat uit de literatuur. Algemene bioveiligheidsmaatregelen, die genomen
dienen te worden bij het betreden of beheren van een locatie waarop invasieve plantenexoten
werden vastgesteld worden vermeld in hoofdstuk 4. In bijlage bevinden zich soortidentificatie
fiches voor prioritaire invasieve uitheemse plantensoorten, wanneer deze tot op heden nog niet
voorhanden waren. In bijlage wordt ook een overzicht gegeven van eerdere publicaties van het
INBO die handelen over deze prioritaire soorten.
Naast de lijst van prioritaire soorten voor de Vlaamse Waterweg nv, is er nog een tweede
soortenlijst vermeld in bijlage. Deze soorten worden verwacht zich hier te vestigen of sterk uit
te breiden in de komende decennia, maar de impact voor de Vlaamse Waterweg nv wordt als
minder urgent beschouwd. Deze soorten hebben potentieel wel een effect op ecosystemen en
kunnen daarom in principe niet veronachtzaamd worden.
In essentie streeft dit rapport ernaar een praktische leidraad te bieden voor het beheer van
prioritaire plantenexoten binnen het werkingsgebied van De Vlaamse Waterweg nv.
Tegelijkertijd verschaft het een helder overzicht van de beschikbare beheermaatregelen.
Bovendien legt het rapport de fundamenten voor een toekomstige, meer alomvattende
strategie voor het beheer van deze soorten.
... In some water courses, e.g. Aisne and Somme, it is now considered to be an invasive species (Blottière 2018, Le Gloanec et al. 2019, Gross et al. 2020). • M. aquaticum (Velloso) Verdc.: this aquatic South American ornamental is expanding in the Flora area and has become less rare: AR in Fl., Camp. ...
During the past decade, numerous chorological data on the flora of vascular plants in Belgium and the neighboring areas have been gathered and published. This contribution gives an overview of altered distribution data in the seventh as compared with the sixth edition of the Nouvelle Flore de la Belgique which was published in 2012.
... due to fixing nitrogen and the high availability of phosphorus. These conditions were also favourable for Myriophyllum, a macrophyte growing in waters with high nitrogen content and phosphorus availability 54 and that prefers acidic waters 55 (shallow lake phase in Unit 2a, Fig. 2). Peaks in cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta show how the lake trophism changed from oligotrophic, immediately after volcanic eruptions, to eutrophic in periods of 50 to 100 years (Tephra 5, 6, 7 in Fig. 4). ...
Volcanism can cause major impacts, including climate change and mass extinctions. However, the impact of monogenetic volcanism is often considered as limited in volcanological research. This work provides for the first time an interdisciplinary approach to the socio-ecological impact of monogenetic volcanism in a key region, the La Garrotxa Volcanic Field (GVF, Girona, NE Iberia), where intense monogenetic volcanic activity occurred in the past. The analyses of a sedimentary sequence from the GVF enabled identifying previously unknown volcanic eruptions in the time interval 14–8.4 ka cal BP, constrain their volcanic stratigraphy and age, and unfold the effects of environmental change on geomorphology, vegetation, aquatic organisms and humans. Moreover, we reconstruct the major palaeoenvironmental changes caused by the eruptions in terms of fire episodes and subsequent disturbance on vegetation, hydrology and limnological conditions. When put in context with the archaeological record, it appears that the last hunter–gatherer communities were resilient at an extra-local scale, facing episodes of vulnerability due to volcanic activity, suggesting that their flexible nomadic patterns and foraging economies were an efficient source of risk management against the volcanic eruptions and their ecological impacts.
... Such is, above all, the result of eutrophication, but other causal factors include changes to hydrological regimes (i.e., reduced levels of water flow), decreasing degrees of water transparency, and global warming, which are simultaneously transforming natural aquatic environments [5,[48][49][50][51][52][53]. These ecological shifts are harmful to native aquatic plant populations while promoting the establishment of invasive species such as H. laevigata, leading to profound transformations in European ecosystems [12,14,[54][55][56][57]. ...
Hydrocharis laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Byng & Christenh. [= Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine], Hydrocharitaceae, is a floating-leaf aquatic plant that is native to inland South America. It is an invasive species in several parts of the world. Reports of its presence in Europe have been recently published: naturalised populations occur in three locations on the Iberian Peninsula. The literature also contains records of the species in Hungary and Poland. In addition, it has been observed in Sweden, Belgium, and the Netherlands. H. laevigata is highly adaptable and can profoundly transform habitat conditions in its invasive range, causing major issues for ecosystem conservation and human activities. Until recently, H. laevigata was not to be found in natural environments in Europe. Factors explaining its spread include its use as an ornamental plant, the eutrophication of inland waters, and the effects of global warming. With a focus on Europe, this short communication provides information on the species' distribution, taxonomy, biology, habitat, and negative impacts.
... This can be interpreted by the types of aquatic algae present then, mostly dominated by Botryococcus and Spirogyra, and low nPC1þ. Myriophyllum was abundant, indicating sediments deposited in shallow waters, as it is currently most often found in water of 0.5e2.5 m of depth with abundant nutrients (Gross et al., 2020) and can withstand considerable desiccation (Cook, 2004). Stages MIS5d and MIS5b can be interpreted as colder periods, with lower evaporation rates and resulting increases in lake levels, as reflected in enhanced abundances of planktonic algae such as Pediastrum and Botryococcus and thus nPC1þ. ...
Long and continuous lake sedimentary records offer enormous potential for interpreting the paleoenvironmental histories of the past and for understanding how terrestrial environments might adapt in the context of current global warming. However, sedimentary records that contain multiple glacial-interglacial cycles are scarce in continental basins. An ∼80 m sediment core was recently obtained from Stoneman Lake (STL), Arizona, containing a unique record of the last ∼1.3 Ma. Here we show a detailed pollen study of the topmost ∼10 m of the record, covering the last climatic cycle since the Last Interglacial period (MIS5-MIS1; last ∼130,000 years = 130 kyr), with the goal of broadening our knowledge of the paleoenvironmental history of the arid North American Southwest in the past. The STL pollen record shows that the MIS5e interglacial was the warmest period of the last 130 kyr. This is deduced by the abundance of pollen types from plants that today exist at lower elevations that occurred around the STL at that time. These include Pinus edulis and other associated low elevation thermophilous plants such as Juniperus, Ambrosia, Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae and Artemisia. Climate cooled rapidly and dramatically at the MIS5-4 boundary, which triggered a displacement of forest species towards lower elevation, causing P. ponderosa to occupy the study area. MIS3 was characterized by relatively warmer climate conditions with 3 prominent climatic oscillations (MIS3a, b and c). The coldest conditions were reached during MIS2 (LGM), when a ∼1000 m displacement towards lower elevations of the subalpine forest species relative to present is observed. This is deduced by the highest abundance of Picea (∼20–25%) and Abies in the STL record, indicating their occurrence in the study area. Warming during the last deglaciation is evidenced by a shift of vegetation towards higher altitudes and the development of a montane forest composed mainly of Pinus ponderosa and Quercus replacing the LGM subalpine species. This montane forest remained abundant throughout the Holocene. This study shows that orbital-scale climate changes (mainly precession and eccentricity changes) forced vegetation and lake-level oscillations, documenting that insolation had a main role in controlling environmental change in this area. Climate projections of enhanced warming predict that P. edulis and Juniperus forest species will occupy the study area in the near future.
... Limnological changes imposed by volcanism limited life on aquatic organisms in the short term, but Gloeotrichia played a signi cant role as pioneer in phases of poor nutrient availability 42 , spreading fast perhaps due to xing nitrogen and the high availability of phosphorus. These conditions were also favourable for the macrophyte Myriophyllum, which grow in waters with high nitrogen content and phosphorus availability 43 and prefers acidic waters 44 (shallow lake phase in Unit 2a, Fig. 2). Peaks in cyanobacteria and Chlorophyta show how the lake trophism changed from oligotrophic, immediately after volcanic eruptions, to eutrophic in periods of 50 to 100 years (Tephra 2, 3, 4 in Fig. 4). ...
Although volcanism may and has caused major impacts during Earth evolution, including climate change and mass extinctions, the impact of monogenetic volcanism is usually considered as limited or underestimated in volcanological research. During the Late Glacial- Early Holocene (14 − 8.6 kyr cal BP) transition, intense monogenetic volcanic activity occurred in the La Garrotxa Volcanic Field (GVF, Girona, NE Iberia). This work provides for the first time an interdisciplinary approach to the socio-ecological impact of monogenetic volcanism, providing clear effects of environmental change on geomorphology, vegetation, aquatic organisms and humans. These analyses enabled us to identify eruptions not previously reported in theGVFduring the Late Glacial-Early Holocene, constrain their volcanic stratigraphy and age, and reconstruct the major palaeoenvironmental changes caused by the eruptions in terms of fire episodes and subsequent disturbance on vegetation, hydrology and limnological conditions. The archaeological record in the region shows that the last hunter-gatherer communities were resilient against volcanic activity at an extra-local scale, suggesting that their flexible nomadic patterns and foraging economies were an efficient source of risk management against the volcanic eruptions and their ecological impacts.
... Additionally, in Croatia, M. heterophyllum was recently found in the Mediterranean Region on the Island of Krk (north-eastern Adriatic) in Lake Ponikve (Starmühler 2009;Jasprica et al. 2017), as well as in the River Neretva Delta (Jasprica et al. 2017). It is likely that both species can spread rapidly due to their fast uncontrolled growth and propagation by fragments (Gérard et al. 2014;Gross et al. 2020). Both L. peploides and M. heterophyllum are tolerant of a wide range of temperatures, substrata, and water quality (Matrat et al. 2004;Hussner and Jahns 2015). ...
Non-native aquatic plants are amongst the major threats to freshwater biodiversity and climate change is expected to facilitate their further spread and invasiveness. To date, in Croatia no complete list of non-native extant and horizon aquatic plants has been compiled nor has a risk screening been performed. To address this knowledge gap, 10 extant and 14 horizon aquatic plant species were screened for their risk of invasiveness in the Pannonian and Mediterranean regions of Croatia under current and predicted (future) climate conditions. Overall, 90% and 60% of the extant species were classified as high risk for the Pannonian and Mediterranean regions, respectively, under both climate scenarios. Of the horizon species, 42% were classified as high risk under current conditions, and under climate change this proportion increased to 78%. The ‘top invasive’ species (i.e. scored as very high risk) under both climate conditions and for both regions were extant Elodea nuttallii and horizon Lemna aequinoctialis. The horizon Hygrophila polysperma was very high risk for the Mediterranean region under current climate conditions and for both regions under projected climate conditions. Azolla filiculoides, Elodea canadensis, Egeria densa and Utricularia gibba also were classified as high risk under current climate conditions, and after accounting for climate change they became of very high risk in both regions. Further, Gymnocoronis spilanthoides and Lemna minuta were found to pose a very high risk under climate change only for the Pannonian region. It is anticipated that the outcomes of this study will contribute to knowledge of the invasiveness of aquatic plants in different climatic regions and enable prioritisation measures for their control/eradication.
... Much experimental and field work has been done to implement control strategies to mitigate invasive watermilfoil growth and spread (Coetzee et al., 2011;Gross et al., 2020;Hussner et al., 2017;Laitala et al., 2012;Marko & White, 2018). Control strategies incorporate localized methods, such as hand harvesting and strategic placement of mats (Laitala et al., 2012), as well as global (i.e., lake-wide strategies) that include mechanical harvesting (Gross et al., 2020;Hussner et al., 2017), herbicidal treatment (Gross et al., 2020;Hussner et al., 2017;Marko & White, 2018), and the use of various biocontrols (McKnight & Hepp, 1995;Newman, 2004). ...
... Much experimental and field work has been done to implement control strategies to mitigate invasive watermilfoil growth and spread (Coetzee et al., 2011;Gross et al., 2020;Hussner et al., 2017;Laitala et al., 2012;Marko & White, 2018). Control strategies incorporate localized methods, such as hand harvesting and strategic placement of mats (Laitala et al., 2012), as well as global (i.e., lake-wide strategies) that include mechanical harvesting (Gross et al., 2020;Hussner et al., 2017), herbicidal treatment (Gross et al., 2020;Hussner et al., 2017;Marko & White, 2018), and the use of various biocontrols (McKnight & Hepp, 1995;Newman, 2004). Localized methods can be useful for small-scale removal but are costly (in terms of time) and inefficient for large-scale removal. ...
... Much experimental and field work has been done to implement control strategies to mitigate invasive watermilfoil growth and spread (Coetzee et al., 2011;Gross et al., 2020;Hussner et al., 2017;Laitala et al., 2012;Marko & White, 2018). Control strategies incorporate localized methods, such as hand harvesting and strategic placement of mats (Laitala et al., 2012), as well as global (i.e., lake-wide strategies) that include mechanical harvesting (Gross et al., 2020;Hussner et al., 2017), herbicidal treatment (Gross et al., 2020;Hussner et al., 2017;Marko & White, 2018), and the use of various biocontrols (McKnight & Hepp, 1995;Newman, 2004). Localized methods can be useful for small-scale removal but are costly (in terms of time) and inefficient for large-scale removal. ...
Myriophyllum spicatum, more commonly known as Eurasian watermilfoil (EWM), is one of the most invasive aquatic plants in North America, causing negative ecological and economic impacts in ecosystems where it proliferates. Many control strategies have been developed and implemented to mitigate EWM growth and spread, although the results are mixed and there is no consensus on lake‐specific strategies. Here, we describe the development of a predictive model using a support vector technique, that predicts the success of biological pest control using Euhrychiopsis lecontei (the milfoil weevil), a milfoil specialist, to reduce EWM in lakes. Such a model is informed by lake characteristics (limnological and landscape) and augmentation stratigies. To develop our predictive model, we performed a metadata analysis from 133 published peer‐reviewed literature and professional reports of milfoil weevil augmentation field experiments that contained information on lake characteristics. The predictive model's algorithm uses a Support Vector Machine (SMV) to learn patterns among lake characteristics, along with the recorded augmentation strategy and the reported success of each study, where success is a measure of EWM change over a season and is recorded in a variety of ways (e.g., EWM biomass change, EWM percent change, EWM visual change, etc.). Overall, the model results suggests that shallower lakes, more frequent weevil augmentations, and larger weevil overwintering habitat are the most important predictors for EWM reduction success by weevil augmentation. Although watermilfoil weevil augmentation is a promising mitigation strategy, it may not work for all lakes. However, in terms of suggesting weevil augmentation, our model is a valuable tool for lake stakeholders and resource managers, who can use it to determine whether milfoil weevil augmentation, which can be very costly due to the difficulties in finding and raising milfoil weevils, will be a useful and sustainable approach to control EWM in their lake community.
... Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.), native to Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa (Smith and Barko, 1990), occurs globally and is considered to be the 'most invasive' aquatic species in North America (Les and Mehrhoff, 1999). Variable-leaf watermilfoil (Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx.) is native to the South-eastern United States (Les and Mehrhoff, 1999), but has become highly invasive in parts of north America, as well as eight European countries and China (Gross et al., 2020). ...
Aquatic invasive species are among the greatest threats to freshwater biodiversity. The aim of this study was to understand the effects of two invasive watermilfoil species ( Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx. and Myriophyllum spicatum L.) on native macrophyte communities and to assess community response to a range of invasion intensities as well as examine the influence of canopy types. We hypothesized that some communities would be more sensitive to invasion, and that some canopy species would facilitate watermilfoil presence. We used a novel approach to give better representation of the 3D aspect of the community which involved employing a modified quadrat approach to sample at two Connecticut lakes. Results show that watermilfoil invasion has a significant negative effect on native species richness. Floating canopy does not vary with invasion intensity, but submerged canopy does. One species, ( Utricularia purpurea Walter), was associated with high native species richness and rarely occurred with invasive species. The results identify potential species that are disproportionally threatened by invasive species, as well as identifying invasion indicator species. The examination of canopy effects is uncommon in aquatic invasion ecology, and this study suggests that this aspect may have significant effects on resilience to invasion and overall community dynamics.
... Tabacchi in Lebreton, 2013). Un très récent article concernant cette espèce (Gross et al., 2020) propose notamment un état des connaissances pour les régions Grand-Est et Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Publié après la remise de notre manuscrit, nous n'avons pas pu prendre en compte les éléments que ces auteurs ont développés. Les analyses et conclusions que nous présentons dans les lignes suivantes sont donc à relativiser et à mettre en parallèle avec celles de Gross et al. (2020). ...
This article summarizes the latest, most remarkable observations (unpublished or rare) of
vascular macrophytes, bryophytes and characeae in Champagne-Ardenne (Great East region, France). A significant part of these analyses were conducted by the National Botanic Conservatory of Parisian basin through various research programs. Nineteen taxa are introduced here, including nine new and two rediscovered in this region. These taxa are presented in the form of short notes and distribution maps, resulting from the compilation of observations and the regional ecological context. Challenges related to the identification of the most complex taxa are then addressed.
