Hehe Botanical Dictionary (Draft)

HEHE BOTANICAL
DICTIONARY
__________________________________________
compiled by
Martin T. Walsh and David C. Moyer

Natural Resources Institute Wildlife Conservation Society
University of Greenwich New York
___________________________________________
3rd draft
Iringa, February 2002
IMPORTANT NOTE FOR USERS
The following text is part of a work in progress and

should be cited as shown on the title page. It is a
compilation of Hehe botanical names and
identifications based on existing sources (see the
references in the bibliography). Names have not
been checked for linguistic accuracy. (Hehe is a 5-
vowel language with distinctive vowel length and –
probably – a restricted tone system). The
compilation in this draft of the Hehe-Botanical
Glossary is not complete – many sources remain to
entered. Likewise many of the botanical names
given remain to checked and if necessary updated to
reflect current nomenclature.
Martin T. Walsh
kisutu@btinternet.com
25 August 2004
CONTENTS
PREFACE x
INTRODUCTION 1
Why Compile this Dictionary? 1
The Ecology and Flora of Uhehe x
The Hehe and their Language x
Hehe Ethnobotany x
How to Use this Dictionary x
PART ONE: HEHE-BOTANICAL GLOSSARY x
PART TWO: BOTANICAL-HEHE GLOSSARY xx
REFERENCES xx
REFERENCES
Anon. (1999) Ulukani Ulunofu Ndawe Andike Matayo: Mundongele ya Kihehe. Dodoma: The Bible Society of Tanzania. [The Book of Matthew in Kihehe]
Beentje, H. J. (1994) Kenya Trees, Shrubs and Lianas. Nairobi: National Museums of Kenya.
Bjørnstad, A. (1976) The Vegetation of Ruaha National Park, Tanzania. I.Annotated Check-list of the Plant Species (SRI Publication No.215). Oslo: for
Serengeti Research Institute.
Crema, E. (1987) Sarufi ya Lugha ya Kihehe. Irole: privately printed.
Cribb, P. J. and Leedal, G. P. (1982) The Mountain Flowers of Southern Tanzania: A Field Guide to the Common Flowers. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema.
Dempwolff, O. (1911-12) ‘Das Verbum im Hehe’, Zeitschrift für Kolonialsprachen (Berlin), 2: 83-107.
Dempwolff, O. (1914) ‘Beiträge zur Volksbeschreibung der Hehe’, Baessler Archiv, 4: 87-163.
Giraud, V. (1890) Les lacs de l’Afrique equatoriale. Paris.
Härkönen, M., Saarimäki, T., and Mwasumbi, L. (1995) ‘Edible Mushrooms of Tanzania’, Karstenia (Helsinki), 35: Supplement.
Hora, F. B. (in collaboration with P. J. Greenway) (1940) ‘Tanganyika Territory’, in J. Burtt Davy (ed.) Check-Lists of the Forest Trees and Shrubs of the
British Empire (No.5, Part I). Oxford: Imperial Forestry Institute.
Kihwele, D. V. N., Lwoga, P. D. and Sarakikya, E. W. (1999) Feasibility Study of Beekeeping and Honey Hunting in the MBOMIPA Project Area, Iringa District,
Report No. MCR4, MBOMIPA Project, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Tanzania.
Kihwele, D. V. N., Massawe, A. J., Lwoga, P. D., and Burton, S. (2001) Beekeeping in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism.
Kikula, I. S. (1997) Policy Implications on Environment: The Case of Villagisation in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: DUP (1996) LTD.
Koszarek, A. (2001) Traditional Healing in Rural Tanzania. Unpublished student dissertation, Biodiversity and Conservation, SIT Tanzania.
Leedal, G. P. (1975) Useful Plants of the Southern Highlands, Tanzania: Provisional List of Plants to be Treated. Unpublished manuscript. [copy in authors’
possession]
Mallango, A., Felix, E. K., Lema, E., and Mwagala, M. (in prep.) A Handbook of Indigenous Edible Plants from Shrubs and Trees. Iringa: HIMA Programme.
Martin, G. J. (1995) Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual. London: Chapman & Hall.
Mbuya, L. P., Msanga, H. P., Ruffo, C. K., Birnie, A., and Tengnäs, B. (1994) Useful Trees and Shrubs for Tanzania: Identification, Propagation and
Management for Agricultural and Pastoral Communities. Nairobi: Regional Soil Conservation Unit, Swedish International Development Authority.
Missouri Botanical Gardens (MBG) (n.d.) List of Hehe Plant Names from the Missouri Botanical Gardens Collections Database. Unpublished manuscript. [copy
in authors’ possession]
Mudemu, E. (n.d.) Teach Yourself Kihehe. Unpublished manuscript commissioned by Geoff Fox, Mufindi. [copy in authors’ possession].
Nahonyo, C. L., Mwasumbi, L. and Bayona, D. G. (1998) Survey of the Vegetation Communities and Utilisation of Woody Plant Species in the MBOMIPA
Project Area, Report No. MCR1, MBOMIPA Project, Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Tanzania.
Nurse, D. (1979) ‘Description of Sample Bantu Languages of Tanzania’, African Languages / Langues Africaines, 5 (1): 1-150.
Nurse, D. (1988) ‘The Diachronic Background to the Language Communities of Southwestern Tanzania’, Sprache und Geschichte in Afrika, 9: 15-115.
Nurse, D. (1999) ‘Towards a Historical Classification of East African Bantu Languages’, in Hombert, J-M. and Hyman, L. M. (eds.) Bantu Historical Linguistics:
Theoretical and Empirical Perspectives. Stanford: CSLI Publications. 1-35.
Priebusch, M. (1935) Bena-Hehe-Grammatik. Berlin: Kommissionsverlag der Buchhandlung der Berliner Missionsgesellschaft in Berlin.
Redmayne, A. H. (1964) The Wahehe People of Tanganyika. Unpublished D.Phil. dissertation, Oxford University.
Redmayne, A. H. (1968) ‘The Hehe’, in Roberts, A. (ed.) Tanzania Before 1900. Nairobi: East African Publishing House. 37-58.
Redmayne, A. H. (1969) ‘Hehe Medicine’, Tanzania Notes and Records, 70: 29-40.
Redmayne, A. H. (assisted by C. MwaNdulute) (1970) ‘Riddles and Riddling among the Hehe of Tanzania’, Anthropos, 65: 794-813.
Redmayne, A. H. (n.d.) List of Hehe Plant Names and Identifications from the East African Herbarium, Nairobi. Unpublished manuscript. [copy in authors’
possession]
Rodgers, W. A. and Mwasumbi, L. B. (n.d. [post-1983]) Kihehe – Vernacular to Latin Plant Check List for the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania. Unpublished
manuscript. [copy in authors’ possession]
Ruffo, C. K. and Mtui, E. M. (1980) Annotated List of Plant Species Covered During a Botanical Survey in Iringa Region. Unpublished manuscript. [incomplete
copy in authors’ possession]
Shangali, C. F., Mabula, C. K. and Mmari, C. (1998) ‘Biodiversity and Human Activities in the Udzungwa Mountain Forests, Tanzania. 1. Ethnobotanical
Survey in the Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve’, Journal of East African Natural History, 87: 291-318.
Spiss, C. (1900) ‘Kihehe Wörter-Sammlung. Kihehe-Deutsch und Deutsch-Kihehe’, Mittheilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen zu Berlin, 3 (x):
114-190.
Velten, C. (1899) ‘Die Sprache der Wahehe’, Mittheilungen des Seminars für Orientalische Sprachen zu Berlin, 2 (3): 164-241.
Verdcourt, B. and Trump, E. C. (1969) Common Poisonous Plants of East Africa. London: Collins.
Walsh, M. T. (1993) ‘The Collection and Elucidation of Vernacular Names: Observations on Shambaa Ethnobotany’, East Africa Natural History Society
Bulletin, 23 (2): 21-25.
Walsh, M. T. (1995) ‘An Introduction to Sangu Ethnobotany’. Unpublished manuscript. [copy in authors’ possession]
Watt, J. M. and Breyer-Brandwijk, M. G. (1962) The Medicinal and Poisonous Plants of Southern and Eastern Africa: Being an Account of Their Medicinal and
Other Uses, Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Effects and Toxicology in Man and Animal (second edition). London and Edinburgh: E. & S. Livingstone
Ltd.
Weck, (Dr.) (1908) ‘Der Wahehe Arzt und seine Wissenschaft’, Deutsches Kolonialblatt, 1908, 1048-1051. [‘The Wahehe Doctor and his Professional
Knowledge’, translated and annotated in Redmayne (1969)]
HEHE NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME FAMILY NOTES
baha Vernonia amygdalina Del. Compositae = ibaha (with preprefix), Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as tugutu (q.v.). Cf. the cognate libaha.
bapala Drymaria cordata (L.) Wild ex Caryophyllaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb with medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
R. & L. Also recorded as kipande (q.v.). [check botanical name]
belenga *Basella alba L. Basellaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used as a vegetable (Shangali et al. 1998). This is
an introduced herb, native to tropical Asia. It has a variety of names in English,
including Ceylon or Indian Spinach (Tindall 1983: 67).
dete Phragmites mauritianus Gramineae = idete (with preprefix), Mkimbizi area: used for making arrow shafts, doors, and
Kunth. storage vessels (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as ndete 9/10 (q.v.), kidete
7/8 (q.v.) and lidete 5/6 (q.v.).
detema Dracaena usambarensis Engl. Agavaceae = idetema (with preprefix), Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used for fodder
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mudetema (q.v.), and cognate with
names for other Dracaena spp.: kidetema (q.v.), mutetema (q.v.), and ndetema
(q.v.).
falugugu Miscanthus violaceus Gramineae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a grass used for fodder and thatching (Shangali et
(K.Schum.) Pilg. al. 1998). [a mistranscription?]
fyefye Abutilon indicum Harv. Malvaceae = fjefje (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as muheve (q.v.).
[check botanical name]
haala (1) Cyperus distans L. Cyperaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: sedge used for thatching (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as mwahatsa (q.v.). [check botanical name]
(2) Cyperaceae spp. Cyperaceae = hala, Cyperaceae ‘in general’, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
heyelo Bridelia carthartica Bartol.f. Euphorbiaceae = iheyero (with preprefix), Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides
poles, fuelwood, and has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. the cognate
kiheyelo and muheyelo.
kadangadanga Justicia sp. Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used as a vegetable (Shangali et al. 1998).
kahawa (1) Coffea sp. Rubiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
(2) Tricalysia spp. Rubiaceae Chita area by Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
kahawa ya Coffea mufindiensis Rubiaceae Mufindi (MBG n.d.). [check botanical name]
mwihala [authority?]
kajiwe Ludia mauritiana Gmelin Flacourtiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides poles, fuelwood, and wedges
[?] (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as lifulofulo (q.v.) and lwembefulo
(q.v.). [is this a Swahili nickname?]
kalama Combretum molle G.Don Combretaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides poles, fuelwood, and charcoal (Shangali
et al. 1998). kalama is the diminutive, class 12/13, of mulama (q.v.). Called
Velvet-leaved Combretum or Velvet Bush Willow in English.
kalamata (1) Hypoestes sp. Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used for fodder (Shangali et al. 1998).
(2) Biophytum helenae Buscal. Oxalidaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
& Muschl.
kalumbwegila Microglossa densiflora Hook.f. Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub with medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
kambulikweyo Phyllanthus amarus Schum. & Euphorbiaceae = kambulikweo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub with medicinal uses
Thonn. (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. kimbilinkweyo. [check botanical name]
kanyavalafi Rourea coccinea (Schum.) Connaraceae = kanyawalafi, Byrsocarpus boivinianus (Baill.) Schellenb., Uzungwa Scarp Forest
Benth. Reserve: a shrub which is used for making utensils and also has medicinal uses
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as kitongolo (q.v.). Cf. kinyavalafi (q.v.),
kihunganyavalafi (q.v.), linganyalafi (q.v.) and vivinganyalafi (q.v.).
kapalang’anga Asparagus asiaticus L. Liliaceae E.A. 13235 (Redmayne n.d.). Also recorded as lipalakanga (q.v.). Cf. palakanga,
lupalakanga, likalakanga, madang’anga, and musolang’anga. [check botanical
name, = the edible A.officinalis L.?]
kasoli Eragrostis congesta Oliv. Gramineae E.A. 13223 (Redmayne n.d.).
kasombe Ficus spp. Moraceae This name is the diminutive (class 12/13) of musombe (q.v.). It occurs in the
following Hehe riddle recorded by Redmayne: ‘Kasombe kadodo kabuma ndege’,
‘The little msombe tree is resounding with the noise of an aeroplane’. Answer:
‘Ikivembo, na kive cha mwana, chaipulisa’, ‘Mourning, even that for a small child,
is heard’. Redmayne comments: ‘One would expect birds to make a noise in a
tree. Ndege means “bird” in Swahili but in Kihehe it means “aeroplane”, which
fittingly makes a much louder sound than birds. This may be an attempt to pun
on the word ndege which has one meaning in Kihehe and another in
Swahili’ (1970, 809, No.106). To clarify: ndege means both ‘bird’ and ‘aeroplane’
in Swahili, and Hehe has borrowed the word with the second of these meanings.
kavisasa Mostuea brunonis Didr. Loganiaceae = kawisasa, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally (Shangali et
al. 1998). Also recorded as lufyeki (q.v.).
kavyolovyolo Bombax rhodognaphalon Bombacaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used to make beehives (Shangali et al. 1998). This
K.Schum. tree has also been recorded in Udzungwa with the Swahili name msufi pori
(Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). This latter name derives from the use of the seed
floss as kapok. In English this tree is known as East African Bombax (Beentje
1993).
kibambaduma Vitex strickeri Vatke & Verbenaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood and withies (Shangali et al.
Hildebr. 1998).
kibangwi Strychnos scheffleri Bak.f. Loganiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber (Shangali et al. 1998).
kibegesa Allophyllus africanus P.Beauv. Sapindaceae = kibeghesa, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded
as kwalevale (q.v.), nyakisage (q.v.), and segelavahinza (q.v.).
kibuluma Solanecio angulatus (Vahl) Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
C.Jeffrey
kichembuliga Sanseviera sp. Agavaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
kidete Phragmites mauritianus Gramineae Recorded by Redmayne as a ‘type of reeds’, and therefore also a place name
Kunth. (Redmayne 1964: 103). Presumed here to have the same botanical identification
as its cognates, dete 9/10 (q.v.), ndete 9/10 (q.v.), and lidete 5/6 (q.v.).
kidetema (1) Dracaena afromontana Agavaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used for fodder (Shangali et al. 1998). Also
Mildbr. recorded as mudetema (q.v.) and mutetema (q.v.). Cf. the cognate detema (q.v.)
and ndetema (q.v.), also for Dracaena spp.
(2) Dracaena laxissima Engl. Agavaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used as toothbrushes (Shangali et al. 1998). Also
recorded as lusungulutu (q.v.), mudetele (q.v.), mutambalangwense (q.v.), and
muvalambi (q.v.).
kidilo [unidentified weed of [unidentified] This name occurs in a Hehe riddle recorded by Redmayne: ‘Tove ikidilo kilongole’,
cultivation] ‘Strike the tough weeds that it may go ahead’. Answer: ‘Kisinganilo’, ‘A heel’.
Redmayne explains: ‘Rough weeds called kidilo have to be removed before
planting maize which the Hehe do by making a hole with the heel into which they
drop the seed’ (1970: 802, No.14).
kigohomola Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir. Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
kiheyelo Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Euphorbiaceae = kiheyero, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub which provides poles,
Webster fuelwood, and has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. the cognate heyelo
and muheyelo.
kihomonula Leucas deflexa Hook.f. Labiatae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb, used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as ngelengasa (q.v.). [check botanical name]
kihongola Vitex spp. Verbenaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). For other Vitex names see mufudu,
mufudululenga, mufulo, mufulofulo, mukoge, mukoga, mupoma, mupwanga, and
musasati.
kihongole ~ Lippia plicata Bak. Verbenaceae = kihongole, the name given by Weck (1908) for a plant used in treating madness
chihongole (lukwale). = chihongole, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides brooms and also
has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
Redmayne did not obtain any information on Weck’s kihongole, but was told about
plants with cognate names, luhongole (q.v.) and muhongole (q.v.), also said to be
used in treating madness (1969: 34-36, 39). These have been given a number of
identifications, including L.javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng for luhongole.
kihugila (1) Thunbergia alata Boj. Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used to make ropes (Shangali et al. 1998). Called
Black-eyed Susan in English, ‘because its yellow flowers have a black throat in
their centre’ (Cribb and Leedal 1983: 129).
(2) Secamone sp. Asclepiadaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber used to make ropes (Shangali et al.
1998). Also recorded with the related name kihugwe (q.v.).
kihugwe Secamone sp. Asclepiadaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber used to make ropes (Shangali et al.
1998). Also recorded with the related name kihugila (q.v.).
kihunga- Justicia pseudrungia Lindau Acanthaceae = kihunganyawalafi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf.
nyavalafi kanyavalafi (q.v.), kinyavalafi (q.v.), linganyalafi (q.v.) and vivinganyalafi (q.v.).
kilamandembo Alsodeiopsis schumanii (Engl.) Icacinaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). [check botanical name] Cf. the related
Engl. names kilamandembwe, kilimandembwe, kilembandembwe, mulemandembwe,
mulemandembo, mulimandembwe, and mulemajungwa.
kilamandembwe [unidentified] [unidentified] Recorded by Koszarek (2001) as an ingredient used in medicines by two of the
healers that she interviewed for her study. One, a herbalist in Tanangozi,
reported using kilamandembwe (variously spelt by Koszarek) to treat a number of
different complaints. (1) To treat ‘head pain’, ‘kilemandembwe’ and other plant
materials are ground to make a snuff which should make patients sneeze. (2) To
treat ‘stomach pain’, a concoction of ‘kilamandebwe’ and other plant ingredients
is given to patients to drink. (3) To act as a purge and cause vomiting,
kilamandembwe is again mixed in a drink with other plant materials. The second
healer, in Ibagamoyo, used it similarly in treating head pain (‘kilamandebwe’) and
as a purge (kilamandembwe). He also used kilimandembwe as an ingredient in a
drink to treat snakebite.
The various spellings of the plant name by Koszarek are assumed here to reflect
careless transcription and/or copying. kilamandembwe is the form she cites most
frequently, also in her summary table of plant names and the diseases they are
used to treat. In this table she identifies kilamandembwe as Alsodeiopsis
schumanii (Engl.) Engl., following the identification of kilamandembo (see
preceding entry) in the first draft of this dictionary. Here we have treated her
kilamandembwe (and its variants) as unidentified. Cf. the related names
kilamandembo, kilembandembwe, kilimandembwe, mulemandembwe,
mulemandembo, mulimandembwe and mulemajungwa
kilemba- Gardenia ternifolia Schum. & Rubiaceae = G.jovis-tonantis, Mgololo, Mufindi District: a source of firewood (Ruffo and Mtui
ndembwe Thonn. 1980). See also the related names kilamandembo, kilamandembwe,
kilimandembwe, mulemandembwe, mulemandembo, mulimandembwe and
mulemajungwa.
kililafuno Acalypha chirindica S.Moore Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. the cognate
name tulilafuno. [check botanical name]
kilimandembwe Gardenia ternifolia Schum. & Rubiaceae = G.jovis–tonantis, Nyololo, Mufindi District: with unspecified medicinal uses
Thonn. (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). See also the related names kilamandembo,
kilamandembwe, kilembandembwe, mulemandembwe, mulemandembo,
mulimandembwe and mulemajungwa.
kimakasa ~ (1) Berberis holstii Engl. Berberidiaceae = kimakatsa, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides a dye and has medicinal uses
kimakatsa (Shangali et al. 1998).
(2) Leptactina leinsioides Rubiaceae = (ki)makasa, L.heinsioides Hiern (Redmayne n.d.). [check the spelling of the
Hiern. specific name]. According to Redmayne (1969) (ki)makasa is a variant of the more
usual Hehe likasa, pl. makasa (q.v.), and is used in the treatment of epilepsy.
kimapuna [‘material insufficient for Celastraceae E.A. 13244 (Redmayne n.d.).
determination’]
kimatamata Achyranthes apsera L. Amaranthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
liguhukanuka (q.v.).
kimbilinkweyo Phyllanthus leucanthus Pax Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
Cf. kambulikweyo.
kinavihongo Rauvolfia mannii Stapf Apocynaceae = kinawihongo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded with the
related name nyavihongo ndogo (q.v.), and as mupilipili (q.v.). Cf.
kinavingongoli.
kinavilafi Rourea orientalis Baill. Connaraceae = kinawilafi, Byrsocarpus orientalis (Baill.) Bak., Udzungwa (Rodgers and
Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as kinyavalafi (q.v.), liyenzi (q.v.), and
musungula (q.v.).
kinavingongoli Schizozygia coffaeoides Baill. Apocynaceae = kinawinghongoli (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Also recorded as kitelutelu (q.v.)
and nawahongo (q.v.). Cf. kinavihongo.
kingavalami Euphorbia usambarica Pax Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb (Shangali et al. 1998).
kinunganunga Hoslundia opposita Vahl Labiatae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb, used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as muyoyelandege (q.v.) and vesungula (q.v.). Cf. kinung’anung’a.
kinung’anung’a Ocimum suave Willd. Labiatae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub, used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as nyongole (q.v.). Cf. kinunganunga.
kinusi Pavetta sp. 16 Rubiaceae = kinussi, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Cf. the cognates linusi,
manusi, munusi and ninusi.
kinuva Euphorbia quadrangularis Pax Euphorbiaceae E.A. 13266 (Redmayne n.d.). Also recorded as mukinuva (q.v.).
kinyalomo *Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Bignoniaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood and has medicinal uses
Spach ssp. nyassae (Oliv.) (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded with the possibly related names nyaloma
Brummitt (q.v.) and nyalulume (q.v.), as well as leluni (q.v.), kipahoji (q.v.), lifipahosi
(q.v.), mufipahosi (q.v.), and mununu (q.v.). This is a cultivated ornamental
called Cape Honeysuckle in English. [check botanical name]
kinyanumuta Momordica anigosantha Cucurbitaceae = kinyanumta, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber used medicinally
Hook.f. (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
kinyang’anya Phyllanthus fischeri Pax Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998).
kinyavalafi (1) Agelaea pentagyna (Lam.) Connaraceae = Agelaea heterophylla Gilg., Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber used
Baill. medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as likamanda (q.v.) and
nyakatitu (q.v.). Cf. kanyavalafi (q.v.), kihunganyavalafi (q.v.), linganyalafi
(q.v.) and vivinganyalafi (q.v.).
(2) Rourea orientalis Baill. Connaraceae = Byrsocarpus orientalis (Baill.) Bak., Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as kinavilafi (q.v.), liyenzi (q.v.), and
musungula (q.v.).
(3) Phyllanthus sp. Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
kinyavilafu Carvalhoa campanulata Apocynaceae = kinyawilafu, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
K.Schum. kitelutelu (q.v.) and lutelutelu (q.v.).
kinyilimbi Gunnera perpensa L. Gunneraceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical
name inc family]
kinyongo Loeseneriella apocynoides Celastraceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber used to make local doors (Shangali et al.
(Oliv.) J.Raynal 1998). Cf. likinyongo. [check botanical name = Hippocratea?]
kipagupagu Markhamia obtusifolia (Bak.) Bignoniaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides firewood and used to make tool handles
Sprague (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as lukunyani (q.v.), muguoguo (q.v.),
liguvani (q.v.) and muguvani (q.v.).
kipahoji *Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Bignoniaceae = kipahoj, Tecomaria nyassae Baill. ex Schum. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962).
Spach ssp. nyassae (Oliv.) This name is probably cognate with lifipahosi (q.v.) and mufipahosi (q.v.). Other
Brummitt names recorded for the same sp. are as kinyalomo (q.v.), nyaloma (q.v.),
nyalulume (q.v.), leluni (q.v.), and mununu (q.v.). This is a cultivated
ornamental called Cape Honeysuckle in English. [check botanical name]
kipalwi Berkheya bipinnatifida (Harv.) Compositae E.A. 13214 (Redmayne (n.d.).
Roessler ssp. echinopsoides
kipande Drymaria cordata (L.) Wild ex Caryophyllaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb with medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
R. & L. Also recorded as bapala (q.v.). [check botanical name]
kipolopolo Pavetta sp. aff. P.oliveriana Rubiaceae E.A. 13266 (Redmayne n.d.).
Hiern.
kipulula Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) Annonaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as musasati
A.Rich. (q.v.).
kipwaga (1) Vernonia abbotiana Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical
O.Hoffm. name]
(2) Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
Spach var. pedicellaris (Pax) lupumo (q.v.), lwisa (q.v.) and nyakilumbi (q.v.).
Pax
kisegichyela Coloncoba welwitchii Oliv. Flacourtiaceae = kisegichiela, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree used for poles and fuelwood
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mguoguo (q.v.). [check botanical name,
= Oncoba?]
kisengelavahinza Aspilia mossambicensis (Oliv.) Compositae = kisengelawahinza, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf.
Wild. segelavahinza (q.v.). [check authority]
kisugi Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Celastraceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
Exell mubondo (q.v.), muvambandusi ~ muvambandutsi (q.v.), and mwifwikakavili
(q.v.).
kisyembadanda Harungana madagascariensis Guttiferae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides fuelwood, glue, and dyes
Poir. (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mbalala (q.v.) and muvalala (q.v.),
muvavala (q.v.), and muvata (q.v.). [check the unusual phonology]
kitagata Phyllocosmus lemaireanus (De Ixonanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides poles and fuelwood
Wild & Th.Dur.) Th. & H.Dur. (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical name, = Ochthocosmus?]
kitanula Toddalia asiatica(L.) Lam. Rutaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d). Elsewhere the names litona (q.v.) and
mutono (q.v.) have been recorded for this species.
kitegelo Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. Euphorbiaceae = kitegero, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used to make fish-traps
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as lahongole (q.v.), lusunguluti (q.v.), and
nyautilili (q.v.).
kitelutelu (1) Carvalhoa campanulata Apocynaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Cognate with lutelutelu
K.Schum. (q.v.) and also recorded as kinyawilafu (q.v.).
(2) Schizozygia coffaeoides Apocynaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used for making toolhandles (Shangali et al. 1998).
Baill. Also recorded as kinawingongoli (q.v.) and nawahongo (q.v.).
kitembwe- Aloe nuttii Bak. Aloeaceae The flowers of this sp. are used as a vegetable. Liquid squeezed from the leaves is
tembwe used to treat Newcastle Disease (kideri) in poultry [check if this has a wider
reference – including fowl typhoid]. The roots are used as a medicine for stomach
pains in small babies, up to three months old (Mallango et al. in prep.). The root
of this reduplicated name, -tembwe, means ‘elephant’ (hence ndembwe, 9/10),
and it might be loosely translated as ‘the elephant plant’. See also the cognate
litembwetembwe and related names litembo and nyasungwa. Referring to
A.nuttii, Cribb and Leedal note that ‘The Wasafwa call it ‘wtembwe’ [sic.,
probably a mistake for itembwe]’ (1983: 187).
kitimbwi Ormocarpum trachycarpum Papilionaceae Mkimbizi area: a source of building poles and a leaf vegetable (Ruffo and Mtui
(Taub.) Harms 1980). Also recorded with the cognate name mutimbwi (q.v.) and as lungutiwa
(q.v.).
kitindi *Oxytenanthera abyssinica Gramineae Nyololo in Mufindi District: used as poles; Mgololo in Mufindi District: a source of
(A.Rich.) Munro ‘local brew’ (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). This ‘local brew’ is bamboo wine, which is
tapped from the young shoots. It is called Lowland or Wine Bamboo in English
(Mbuya et al. 1994). Also recorded as lilanzi (q.v.), and mulanzi (q.v.). [check
authority]
kitogolo Phyllanthus sp. Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub which provides poles and fuelwood
(Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. kitongolo. [a mistranscription?]
kitona Phyllanthus muelleranus Euphorbiaceae Udzungwa: a tentative identification (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). This name is
(O.Kuntze) Exell cognate with mutona (q.v.), recorded in the Chita area for P.inflatus.
kitonenge Toddalia aculaeata Pers. Rutaceae Iringa (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). The names litona (q.v.) and mutono
(q.v.), also recorded for T.asiatica, may be linguistically related to kitonenge.
kitongolo Rourea coccinea (Schum.) Connaraceae = Byrsocarpus boivinianus (Baill.) Schellenb., Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a
Benth. shrub which is used for making utensils and also has medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
1998). Also recorded as kanyavalafi (q.v.).
kitoyala Thunbergia sp. Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
kitunubi Rhus vulgaris Meikle Anacardiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has edible fruits and provides building poles
(Shangali et al. 1998).
kivaaga Acalypha ornata A.Rich. Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as suguluti (q.v.).
kivanga Zanha africana(Radlk.). Exell Sapindaceae = Dialiopsis africana Radlk. (Redmayne n.d.; Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Also
recorded as muvanga (q.v.). As Verdcourt and Trump note, the pounded roots of
this tree are widely used as an ingredient in traditional medicines. In Koszarek’s
(2001) study of six Hehe healers from villages near Iringa town (Tanangozi,
Kalenga, and Ibagamoyo), kivanga was one of the most frequently named sources
of medicine. Two healers, one in Tanangozi and the other in Ibagamoyo,
described the use of kivanga to treat congestion of the head and chest: patients
were made to sneeze by sniffing ground plant material. The Tanangozi healer also
used kivanga as an ingredient in (different) infusions to treat stomach pain,
mental illness, and as a purge. He also rubbed ground material from the plant
into razor-cut incisions to treat general pain.
kivangaduma Zanha africana(Radlk.). Exell Sapindaceae Probably a variant form of kivanga (q.v.), used by one of Koszarek’s (2001)
informants in Kalenga. He described using kivangaduma (ground together with
munyanembe) as a snuff to stimulate sneezing and cure head pains and congestion
in both the head and chest. He also rubbed the plant material (ground together
with munyanembe and a variety of other ingredients) into incisions as a treatment
for both head and chest pains.
kokovo Setaria sp. Gramineae = kokowo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a grass used for thatching (Shangali et
al. 1998).
koti Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Myrsinaceae = ikote (with preprefix) (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Udzungwa (Rodgers and
Mwasumbi n.d.). See also mukuti, muguti, munguti, muputi, likoti, mukosi, and
mutandu, most of which appear to be related.
kubanulalu Rhus longipes Engl. Anacardiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has edible fruits and medicinal uses (Shangali et
al. 1998).
kwalevale Allophyllus africanus P.Beauv. Sapindaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as kibegesa
(q.v.), nyakisage (q.v.), and segelavahinza (q.v.).
kyelesi [no specimen with this name [unidentified] Weck (1908) described kierezi as the principal ingredient in a medicine for
has been collected or treating lugosi, a discharge of pus from the ear: ‘The roots of kierezi are pounded
identified] and are then put in a large snail shell and kept covered in water for a few days.
The mixture is then stuffed into both ears where it stays for four days and is then
renewed’ (Redmayne 1969: 34, also 37). Redmayne’s informants were unable to
identify this plant: ‘Many Hehe thought kierezi must be a distortion of mwelesi or
lwelesi’ (1969: 39). mwelesi ~ mweletsi (q.v.) has been identified as both
Hagenia abyssinica and Kotschya sp., while lwelesi ~ lweletsi has been identified
as Kotschya recurvifolia and Cassia kirkii.
lahongole Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. Euphorbiaceae Chita area by Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also
recorded as kitegelo (q.v.), lusunguluti (q.v.), and nyautilili (q.v.). Cognate with
kihongole (q.v.), luhongole (q.v.), and muhongole (q.v.). [a mistake for
luhongole?]
landaladope Aristolochia elegans Mast. Aristolochiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used to make ropes and baskets (Shangali et al.
1998). Cf. the related names mudandaladote, mulandala.
leluni *Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Bignoniaceae = Tecomaria nyassae Baill. ex Schum. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). This
Spach ssp. nyassae (Oliv.) name is possibly mistranscribed. Other names elicited for the same sp. are
Brummitt kinyalomo (q.v.), nyaloma (q.v.), nyalulume (q.v.), kipahoji (q.v.), lifipahosi
libaha Vernonia lasiopus O.Hoffm. Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
mutugutu (q.v.). This name is cognate with baha (q.v.).
libangalala Bidens pilosa L. Compositae Mkimbizi area: a weed (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Cognate with mubangalala (q.v.)
and also recorded as lisigi (q.v.).
libangwe Bidens holstii (O.Hoffm.) Compositae Mufindi: ornamental, used for soil fertilisation (MBG n.d.). = libangwi, a shrub,
Sherff. Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998). Also
recorded as mubangwe (q.v.). Cf. libangalala, mubangalala. [check botanical
name]
libongobongo Lobelia giberroa Hemsl. Lobeliaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb with medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lihale (q.v.).
libosoboso Solenostemon sylvaticus Labiatae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a creeper with medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
(Gürke) Agnew 1998). Cf. the cognate mubosoboso.
libunda Helichrysum schimperi (Sch.- Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a creeper with medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
Bip. ex A.Rich.) Moeser 1998). Also recorded as mufufugala (q.v.) and nyavihale (q.v.). [check botanical
name]
lidengu [unidentified type of squash] [unidentified] Described by Redmayne as ‘a type of squash’ and listed as a food avoidance
(musilo) of the Kynyaga descent group (1964: 85-86).
lidete, madete, Phragmites mauritianus Gramineae = lidete, Mkimbizi area [?]: used as withies and for making arrow shafts (Ruffo and
5/6 Kunth. Mtui 1980). = matete (plural, as in Swahili matete, ‘reeds’), Uzungwa Scarp
Forest Reserve: used for weaving, thatching, and with medicinal uses (Shangali et
al. 1998). Plural should be madete according to informant from Nzihi (Walsh).
Also recorded as dete 9/10 (q.v.), ndete 9/10 (q.v.), and kidete 7/8 (q.v.).
Redmayne records the following Hehe riddle with this name (preceded by the class
18 locative prefix): ‘Polopolo mwidete’, ‘Polopolo in the reed’. Answer: ‘Isasi’,
‘A bullet’. As Redmayne explains, polopolo is an ideophone for the sound of the
bullet leaving the barrel of a gun, which is likened to a reed (1970: 804, No.37).
lifipahosi *Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Bignoniaceae Mufindi: used to treat stomach ache (MBG n.d.). This name is cognate with both
Spach ssp. nyassae (Oliv.) kipahoji (q.v.) and mufipahosi (q.v.). Other names recorded for the same sp. are
Brummitt as kinyalomo (q.v.), nyaloma (q.v.), nyalulume (q.v.), leluni (q.v.), and mununu
(q.v.). This is a cultivated ornamental called Cape Honeysuckle in English.
lifuga Asystasia gangetica (L.) Acanthaceae = A.gangetica s.l., Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
T.Anders lwisa (q.v.).
lifuge Justicia sp. Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used as a vegetable (Shangali et al. 1998).
lifulofulo Ludia mauritiana Gmelin Flacourtiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lwembefulo (q.v.) and
kajiwe (q.v.). Cf. the cognate mufulo and mufulofulo.
ligilivili [‘Tribe Phaseoleae sp.’] Papilionaceae E.A. 13234 (Redmayne n.d.).
liguhukanuka Achyranthes apsera L. Amaranthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
kimatamata (q.v.).
liguvani Markhamia obtusifolia (Bak.) Bignoniaceae = liguvawi (assumed here to be a mistranscription), Mgololo in Mufindi District::
Sprague provides fuelwood (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Cf. the cognate muguvani for the same
tree and luguvani for M.lutea. M.obtusifolia has also been recorded as
kipagupagu (q.v.), lukunyani (q.v.), and muguoguo (q.v.).
lihale Lobelia giberroa Hemsl. Lobeliaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb with medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as libongobongo (q.v.).
lihambwi (1) Justicia glandulosa Lindau Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used for fodder (Shangali et al. 1998). Cognate
with lihambwili (q.v.).
(2) Momulopsis glandulosa Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Cognate
(Lindl.) Bullock with lihambwili (q.v.).
lihambwili Mellera lobulata S.Moore Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Cognate with lihambwi
(q.v.). Also recorded as ninusi (q.v.).
lihana Acalypha sp. Euphorbiaceae The leaves of this plant are used as a vegetable (Mallango et al. in prep.).
liheha Cyathea manniana Hook. Cyatheaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree fern which provides poles and has medicinal
uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
lihemi Erythrina lysistemon Papilionaceae Mufindi: used for making chairs and wooden bicycle wheels (MBG n.d.). Also
[authority?] recorded as liheve (q.v.). Cf. the cognate muhemi. [check botanical name]
lihenwe Ozoroa insignis Del. ssp. Anacardiaceae = lihenue, Heeria insignis O.Ktze (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Other
reticulata (Bak.f.) Gillett recorded names for this shrub or tree are motaponsi (q.v.) and mutelya (q.v.).
liheve Erythrina lysistemon Papilionaceae Mufindi: used for making chairs and wooden bicycle wheels (MBG n.d.). Also
[authority?] recorded as lihemi (q.v.). [check botanical name]
lihomelo (1) Greenwayodendron Annonaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a source of fuelwood and poles (Shangali et al.
suaveolens (Engl. & Diels) 1998). Cf. the cognate muhomelo.
Verd.
(2) Xylopia parviflora (A.Rich.) Annonaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood and poles (Shangali et al.
Benth. 1998). Also recorded as mupoloto (q.v.).
lihulo Catha edulis (Vahl.) Endl. Celastraceae Mufindi: the roots are used to treat stomach ache; the leaves to treat children's
convulsions (MBG n.d.). More widely known by the cognate name muhulo (q.v.)
and also recorded as liluti (q.v.).
lihwini (1) Brillantaisia Acanthaceae = lihuini, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
madagascariensis Lindau
(2) Brillantaisia ulugurica Acanthaceae = lihuini, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
Lindau manusi (q.v.).
(3) Celosia schweinfurthiana Amaranthaceae = lihuini, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
Schinz.
likagata Schefflera barteri (Seems.) Araliaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides ropes and has medicinal uses (Shangali et
Harms al. 1998).
likakama Leptaspis cochleata Thwaites Gramineae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lilamata (q.v.). [check
botanical name]
likalakanga Asparagus sp. Liliaceae Mufindi: used for protection against sickness (Swahili kinga ya magonjwa) (MBG
n.d.). Cf. palakanga, lipalakanga, lupalakanga, kapalang’anga, madang’anga, and
musolang’anga.
likamanda (1) Agelaea pentagyna (Lam.) Connaraceae = Agelaea heterophylla Gilg., Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also
Baill. recorded as kinyavalafi (q.v.) and nyakatitu (q.v.).
(2) Connarus sp. nov. WAR Connaraceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
932, 1296
(3) Gouania longispicata Engl. Rhamnaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
(4) Cissus oliveri (Engl.) Gilg. Vitaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
likandekande Antidesma membranaceum Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides poles, fuelwood, and has
Muell. medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. the cognate mukandekande. [check
botanical name]
likasa, makasa, Leptactina leinsioides Hiern. Rubiaceae According to Weck (1908), this plant is used in the treatment of fits (ilibissi in his
5/6 transcription): ‘the roots of makasa and mukuvikudi are cooked and the sick man
has to drink the liquid for a month, before sunrise and sunset’ (Redmayne 1969:
34). Redmayne notes that ‘In Kihehe today ilibissi or lilibissi definitely refers to
epilepsy’ (1969: 35). Regarding the treatment she adds: ‘I was told that the
Kihehe plant name (ki)makasa or likasa is derived from the verb kukasa which
means ‘to cause something to dry up’ because the plant is used to make medicine
which causes sores to dry up’ (1969: 39). There is no evidence, however, to
support her suggestion that mkatsa ‘could be a slight dialectical variation of
makasa’ (1969: 39): mukatsa (q.v.) is a class 3 singular (makasa is a class 6 plural)
and refers to a very different plant. Cf. kimakasa ~ kimakatsa.
likegeta Sphaeranthus suaveolens DC. Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. lukegeta.
likinyongo Hippocratea goetzei Loes. Celastraceae = Simirestis goetzei (Loes.) R.Wilczak, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber
(Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. kinyongo.
likoti (1) Kiggelaria africana L. Flacourtiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mugukukanzua (q.v.)
and muguluka (q.v.).
(2) Maesa sp. Myrsinaceae = likothi, Mufindi (MBG n.d.). This name is almost certainly mistranscribed: /th/
is not a regular Hehe phoneme, and related terms for M.lanceolata mostly have /
t/ in this position (compare koti, mukuti, muguti, munguti, muputi, and – the
exception – mukosi).
likuvi Brachiaria brizantha Gramineae Mufindi: described as a grass to 0.75 m tall used for thatching (MBG n.d.). Cf. the
[authority?] cognate lukuvi, also mukuvikudi. [check botanical name]
lilamata (1) Cyathula uncinulata Amaranthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
(Shrad) Schinz.
(2) Leptaspis cochleata Gramineae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as likakama (q.v.).
Thwaites [check botanical name]
lilangala [unidentified type of pumpkin] [unidentified] Described by Redmayne as ‘a type of light skinned pumpkin’ and listed as a food
avoidance of the Mbinda descent group (1964: 78, 85, 87)
lilanzi *Oxytenanthera abyssinica Gramineae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a bamboo which provides poles and is used to
(A.Rich.) Munro make utensils and ‘local brew’ (Shangali et al. 1998). This ‘local brew’ is bamboo
wine, which is tapped from the young shoots. Also recorded as mulanzi (q.v.), and
kitindi (q.v.). Called Lowland or Wine Bamboo in English. [check authority]
lilogonego (1) Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Vitaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as litogonigo (q.v.),
Wild & Drum. mutonganego (q.v.), mutanganego (q.v.), litenganego (q.v.), toganigo (q.v.), and
mukelekete (q.v.).
(2) Ampelocissus multistriata Vitaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as litogonigo (q.v.) and
[authority?] mutonganigu (q.v.). Cf. mutonganego, mutanganego, litenganego, toganigo, and
mukelekete.
lilulutsa Vernonia sp. Compositae = ililulutsa, Mufindi: the leaves are used to treat stomach-ache (MBG n.d.). Cf.
ndulusya.
liluti Catha edulis (Vahl.) Endl. Celastraceae = liruti (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as lihulo (q.v.) and,
more commonly, muhulo (q.v.). Cf. muluti, possibly cognate with this name.
limanza Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms Araliaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mudeke (q.v.) and
mukanye (q.v.).
limsingi Pupalia lappacea (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
lindelendele Thunbergia usambarica Lindan Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical name and
authority]
linganyalafi Pseudoranthemum Acanthaceae =ilinganyalafi (with preprefix), Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al.
campylosiphon Mildbr. 1998). Compare vivinganyalafi (q.v.) and kihunganyavalafi (q.v.).
linusi (1) Justicia glabra [authority?] Acanthaceae = linussi, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Cf. the cognates kinusi,
manusi, munusi and ninusi. [check botanical name]
(2) Helichrysum foetidum (L.) Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb with medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
Cass.
linyafwivi Rhynchosia resinosa (A.Rich.) Papilionaceae = Rhynchosia sp. perhaps R.resinosa (A.Rich.) Bak., E.A. 13216 (Redmayne n.d.).
Bak. Recorded by Ruffo and Mtui (1980) at Kitelewasi as munyafwivi (q.v.).
linyali Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
nyakaganza-kamwana (q.v.).
linyamalati Cyperus ajax C.B.Cl. Cyperaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a sedge used for thatching (Shangali et al. 1998).
linyangamabele Hibiscus diversifolia Jacq. Malvaceae = linyangamabere, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub which provides ropes
and is used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as muhangana (q.v.).
linyangoha (1) Vernonia obconica Compositae Mkimbizi area: provides medicine for livestock (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Cf.
[authority?] namugoha. [check botanical name]
(2) Vernonia sp. Compositae Mkimbizi area (Ruffo and Mtui 1980).
lipalakanga (1) Asparagus africanus Lam. Liliaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
(2) Asparagus asiaticus L. Liliaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
kapalang’anga (q.v.). Cf. palakanga, lupalakanga, likalakanga, madang’anga, and
musolang’anga. [check botanical name, = the edible A.officinalis L.?]
lipasa Vernonia usambarensis Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb (Shangali et al. 1998).
O.Hoffm.
lipelele (1) Hyparrhenia collina (Pilg.) Gramineae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a grass used for thatching and fodder (Shangali et
Stapf. al. 1998).
(2) Hyparrhenia cymbaria Gramineae Mkimbizi area: used for weaving local doors; Nyololo in Mufindi District: used for
[authority?] weaving storage pots and doors; Mgololo in Mufindi District: used for weaving
(Ruffo and Mtui 1980). [check botanical name]
lipembe-duma Pentas bussei K.Krause Rubiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as nyatoma (q.v.) and
sungasunga (q.v.).
lipeme Bersama abyssinica Fres. Melianthaceae Mufindi (MBG n.d.). This name is cognate with the more widely used mupeme
(q.v.). Also recorded as mubasamono (q.v.) and munyatoma (q.v.).
lipombogasi Cussonia arborea A.Rich. Araliaceae Sao Hill (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Cf. the related name mupombolukasi.
lipopoma (1) Carex echinochloe Kuntze Cyperaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a sedge used for thatching (Shangali et al. 1998).
(2) Pennisetum unicetum Gramineae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a grass used for thatching (Shangali et al. 1998).
(Nees) Benth. [check botanical name]
lisigi Bidens pilosa L. Compositae Mkimbizi area; Sao Hill: a weed (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as
libangalala (q.v.) and mubangalala (q.v.).
lisigili (1) Aloe brachystachys Aloeaceae Lundamatwe (Moyer). [check botanical name]
[authority?]
(2) Aloe bradhamii [authority?] Aloeaceae Lundamatwe (Moyer). [check botanical name]
(3) Aloe congdoni [authority?] Aloeaceae Lundamatwe (Moyer). [check botanical name]
(4) Aloe lateritia Engl. Aloeaceae E.A. 13263 (Redmayne n.d.). For other aloe names see kitembwetembwe,
litembwetembwe, and nyasungwa.
(5) Aloe spp. Aloeaceae Redmayne (n.d.) gives this name as referring to A.lateritia (see above) ‘and other
Aloe[s]’.
lisilu (1) Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Dennstaediaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Bracken Fern in English. [check
Kuhn botanical name]
(2) Pteridium sp. Dennstaediaceae = lisilo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a fern (Shangali et al. 1998). Also
recorded as masululusi (q.v.).
lisonyi (1) Momordica foetida Schum. Cucurbitaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber with medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
& Thunn. 1998). Also recorded as nyasalasala (q.v.). [check botanical name]
(2) Momordica sp. Cucurbitaceae = lisonyu, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber with medicinal uses (Shangali
et al. 1998).
litandu Alangium chinense (Lour.) Alangiaceae Mufindi (MBG n.d.). Also recorded as muhengemela (q.v.). Cf. mutandu, which
Harms may be linguistically cognate.
litembo Aloe lateritia Engl. Aloeaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used by iron smiths (not stated how) and in
healing wounds (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as litembwetembwe (q.v.).
The noun stem –tembo, like –tembwe, means ‘elephant’ (Hehe ndembo, more
widely ndembwe, 9/10). [check on use by iron smiths]
litembuliga (1) Aloe duckeri [authority?] Aloeaceae Lundamatwe (Moyer). [check botanical name]
(2) Senecio stolzii Mattfield Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb with medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
litembwe- Aloe lateritia Engl. Aloeaceae ‘The juice is used everywhere [i.e. throughout the region] as a medicine to help
tembwe childbirth and for magic and most tribes have a name for it. The Wakinga call it
‘lyusi’, the Wanyakyusa ‘ibugubugu’ and the Wahehe ‘litembwetembwe’. The
name ‘itembwe’ is in fact widespread amongst the tribes for all aloes’ (Cribb and
Leedal 1983: 187). Also recorded as litembo. Cf. the cognate kitembwetembwe
and the related name nyasungwa. The roots of all of these names, -tembo,
-tembwe and –sungwa, mean ‘elephant’.
litenganego Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Vitaceae Mafinga: used as a medicine for stomach ache (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also
Wild & Drum. recorded as litogonigo (q.v.), lilogonego (q.v.), mutonganego (q.v.), mutanganego
(q.v.), toganigo (q.v.), and mukelekete (q.v.).
litogonigo (1) Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Vitaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lilogonego (q.v.),
Wild & Drum. mutonganego (q.v.), mutanganego (q.v.), litenganego (q.v.), toganigo (q.v.), and
mukelekete (q.v.).
(2) Ampelocissus multistriata Vitaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lilogonego (q.v.) and
[authority?] mutonganigu (q.v.). Cf. mutonganego, mutanganego, litenganego, toganigo, and
mukelekete.
litona Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Rutaceae E.A. 11.357 (Redmayne n.d.). In Udzungwa the names mutono (q.v.) and kitanula
(q.v.) have been recorded for this liana; the first of these may well be a skewed
cognate of litona. Kitonenge (q.v.), recorded for T.aculeata, may also be related
linguistically.
livana Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Gilg Thymeleaceae A shrub which is common throughout the Southern Highlands above c.2000 m: ‘In
Mufindi, where it is called ‘livana’ by the Hehe people, it grows on the margins of
the Kigogo Forest and also in adjacent grasslands’ (Cribb and Leedal 1983: 73).
Also recorded as muvava (q.v.).
livanivani Bidens sp. aff. B.steppia Compositae E.A. 13211 (Redmayne n.d.).
(Steetz) Sherff
livavata Justicia anglerana (Lindau) Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
C.B.
livelevele Monanthotaxis buchananii Annonaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides poles, withies, and firewood (Shangali et
(Engl.) Verdc. al. 1998). Also recorded as mupulananga (q.v.). Cf. mbelewele.
liyenzi Rourea orientalis Baill. Connaraceae = Byrsocarpus orientalis (Baill.) Bak., Mafinga and Mgololo in Mufindi District:
provides fuelwood and building poles (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as
kinavilafi (q.v.), kinyavalafi (q.v.), and musungula (q.v.).
lubakisabatamu Lycopodium clavatum L. Lycopodiaceae = lubakysabatamu, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a fern, used for making
mattresses (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
lubakisahomi Lycopodium cernum L. Lycopodiaceae = lubakysahomi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a fern, used for making
mattresses (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
lubalikila Achyrospermum carvalhi Labiatae = A.radicans Gürke, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
Gürke lyamkalichuma (q.v.).
lubondalafuno Strychnos angolensis Gilg Loganiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub which provides withies and poles (Shangali
et al. 1998). Also recorded as mungumbadumbili (q.v.).
ludenyikumbwe Laggera alata (D.Don.) Sch.- Compositae E.A. 13259 (Redmayne n.d.). [= Blumea?]
Bip. ex Oliv.
lufufu Plectranthus sp. Labiatae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb, used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
lufunanyabu Indigofera arrecta A.Rich. Papilionaceae = Indigofera arrecta Hochst. ex A.Rich., E.A. 13224 (Redmayne n.d.).
lufwegila Mostuea microphylla Gilg. Loganiaceae = lufwegira, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Cf. lufyeki.
lufyeki Mostuea brunonis Didr. Loganiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as kavisasa (q.v.). Cf. lufwegila.
lugeni Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae E.A. 13264 (Redmayne n.d.). The name mulukila (q.v.) has also been recorded for
this species.
lugoya Panicum trichocladum Gramineae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a grass used for thatching and fodder (Shangali et
K.Schum. al. 1998).
lugugu, magugu, Pennisetum purpureum Gramineae Weck (1908) described lugugu as a kind of grass and recounted the following
11/6 Schum. recipe for its medical use: ‘The following complicated prescription is used in the
treatment of a skin disease (Kingaruhanga) which looks like measles. Two types of
grass, lugugu and munyakirumbi, are pulled up by the roots, cut into small pieces
and burnt to ash. Then a gourd, the bottom of which is full of holes like a sieve, is
filled with the ash and the whole is placed into an earthen pot; then water is
poured into the gourd and it gradually runs out into the earthen pot together with
the ash. When the pot is full it is put on a fire, the liquid is thickened and is then
finally dried in the sun. The remainder is mixed with castor oil and the whole
body is rubbed with it’ (Redmayne 1969: 34). Weck otherwise described ‘Kivimba
kingaruhanga’ as a disease which ‘begins with a swelling of the face and from
there a rash spreads over the whole body, accompanied by a fever’ (Redmayne
1969: 36). Redmayne herself was unable to identify this disease, or anyone who
recognised the term ‘kingaruhanga’, which she speculated might be a distortion of
kinyaluhanga, referring to luhanga, ‘sand containing iron ore’ (1969: 36-37). She
had more success in identifying the grass lugugu: ‘Many Hehe recognised this name
and stated that it grew by the side of streams. I obtained a specimen in the
Mufindi area (c.6,300 ft.) which was identified as Pennisetum purpureum
Schumach Gramineae’ (1969: 39). The same identification is made in the Missouri
Botanical Gardens collections database, where it is also recorded that magugu
(the widely used plural form), which grow to 2.5 metres, are planted for fences
(MBG n.d.).
luguvani (1) Lannea schimperi (A.Rich.) Anacardiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used to make tool handles (Shangali et al. 1998).
Engl. Also recorded as mupugupugu (q.v.). Cf. the cognate liguvani and muguvani.
(2) Markhamia lutea (Benth.) Bignoniaceae = luguwani, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides firewood and used to make
K.Schum. tool handles (Shangali et al. 1998).
luhahi (1) Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Sapindaceae = D.viscosa (L.) Jacq., E.A. 13258 (Redmayne n.d.). The same name and
identification have been recorded for Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.) and
Mufindi (MBG n.d.). Rodgers and Mwasumbi also record muhati (q.v.)and lwahasa
(q.v.)for Udzungwa, while Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk (1962) give luhali (q.v.) for
Mufindi. In Mkimbizi its name has been recorded as mnyongole (Ruffo and Mtui
1980). luhahi, and another alternative form, lunyahi (q.v.), have also been
identified as D.angustifolia (see following). [In Kenya this is a coastal sp., check if
should all be collapsed as D.angustifolia]
(2) Dodonaea angustifolia L.f. Sapindaceae (Mbuya et al. 1994). Also called by the variant name lunyahi (q.v.).
luhali Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Sapindaceae Recorded as a Hehe and ‘Fuagi’ name by Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk (1962). The
vafwagi or Fwagi (‘Fuagi’), are an old Hehe subgroup in what is now Mufindi.
Ifwagi borders Ubena, and was formerly ruled by an independent line of chiefs,
the vamudemu, the Mudemu line (Redmayne 1964: 114). If not a skewed form, it
is possible that luhali is a mistake for the more widely recorded luhahi (q.v.) and
lunyahi (q.v.).
luhongole (1) Vernonia stuhlmanii [check Compositae Chita area, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
authority]
(2) Lippia javanica (Burm.f.) Verbenaceae Weck (1908) described the cognate term kihongole (q.v.) as the name of a plant
Spreng used in treating the illness called lukwale, which he interpreted to mean ‘frenzied
madness’: ‘the leaves of kihongole and lupebete are pounded, water is poured
over them, and they are mixed with the juices pressed from a sheep’s intestines;
this brew is drunk for three days’ (Redmayne 1969: 34). Redmayne, who points
out that lukwale may also refer to more benign forms of mental illness (1969:
35-36), obtained different identifications of the plant involved: ‘Luhongole or
muhongole is a widely known Kihehe name for a plant used in treating madness. I
obtained a specimen of muhongole (E.A. 13213) which was identified as Lantana
viburnoides (Forsk. Vahl) [sic.] Verbenaceae, and another of luhongole which was
identified as Lippa javanica (Burm.f.) Spreng Verbenaceae. In Check-Lists [Hora
1940], p.255, luhongole is given as Lantana salviifolia Jacq.’ (1969: 39).
Subsequently Ruffo and Mtui (1980) confirmed the common identification of
luhongole as L.javanica, describing its use as fuelwood in Kitelewasi and as an
insect repellent at Mafinga. The same name for this plant has also been recorded
more recently in Mufindi (MBG n.d.). Also Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: with
unspecified medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
(3) Lantana rugosa Thunb. Verbenaceae (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). [check botanical name]
(4) Lantana trifolia L. Verbenaceae = Lantana saliviifolia Jacq. (Hora 1940). Also recorded in Mufindi as minunuwi
(q.v.).
(5) Lantana viburnoides Verbenaceae E.A. 13213 (Redmayne n.d.). L.viburnoides is the identification of Redmayne’s
(Forssk.) Vahl specimen of muhongole (see above). muhongole is cognate with luhongole, and it
is presumed here that they have the same and/or overlapping referents.
lukalifia Caylusea abyssinica (Fres.) Resedaceae E.A. 13209 (Redmayne n.d.).
Fisch. & Mey.
lukegeta Ipomoea involucrata Beauv. Convolvulaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. the cognate
likegeta. [check botanical name]
lukiki Culcasia scandens (Willd.) Araceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
P.Beauv.
lukongogosi Coffea sp. nr. Coffea Rubiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used for withies and making local doors (Shangali
eugenioides S.Moore et al. 1998).
lukumbwembwe Trichoscypha ulugurensis Anacardiaceae = T.ulugurensis Mildbr. ssp. ulugurensis, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides
Mildbr. fuelwood, poles, and tool handles (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as lusani
(q.v.), mbembanigo (q.v.), and mupilipili (q.v.).
lukunyani Markhamia obtusifolia (Bak.) Bignoniaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides firewood and used to make tool handles
Sprague (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as kipagupagu (q.v.), muguoguo (q.v.),
liguvani (q.v.) and muguvani (q.v.). [is this a mistake for luguvani?]
lukuvata Isachne mautiana Kunth. Gramineae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a grass used for thatching and as fodder (Shangali
et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
lukuvi [unidentified kind of grass] Gramineae This is possibly the same sp(p). of grass as the cognate likuvi (q.v.), identified as
Brachiaria brizantha. Cf. also mukuvikudi.
Redmayne gives three Hehe riddles which refer to lukuvi, likening it to human
hair. A version of the first of these was recorded at Tosamaganga in 1907 by the
German military doctor and linguist Otto Dempwolff (1914: 126). (1) ‘Kidibulo mu
lukuvi’, ‘An arrow in the short grass’. Answer: ‘Sosoli’, ‘A louse’. Exegesis:
‘Kidibulo is a small arrow. Presumably the louse is likened to something which
moves quickly through the hair, and its biting is likened to the stabbing of an
arrow’. (2) ‘Kibudime mu lukuvi’, ‘It is hiding in the long grass’. Answer: ‘Isosoli
mu fwili’, ‘A louse in hair’. Exegesis: ‘Head lice are often difficult to see’. (3)
‘Chavambalye mu lukuvi’, ‘It is moving round in the lukuvi grass’. Answer:
‘Isosoli’, ‘A louse’. Exegesis: ‘The lukuvi grass is likened to hair in which the lice
are found. The past tense has been used but a present tense is
understood’ (Redmayne 1970: 808, Nos.86-88).
This grass is also the origin of the surname of the Hon. William Lukuvi, the M.P.
(1995- ) for Isimani constituency, whose father was a headman (jumbe) in Idodi
Sub-chiefdom before Independence.
lumonga Landolphia buchananii Apocynaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used to make ropes (Shangali et al. 1998).
(Hall.f.) Stapf
lumwino Rubus rigidus Sm. Rosaceae E.A. 13265 (Redmayne n.d.). This name was also recorded by Ruffo and Mtui
(1980) at Mkimbizi, where the plant was identified as Rubus sp., with edible
fruits. Other names for Rubus spp. are linunwa (q.v.) and mutsufi (q.v.). Cf.
mbalawino.
lungutiwa Ormocarpum trachycarpum Papilionaceae (Mbuya et al. 1994). Also recorded as kitimbwi (q.v.) and mutimbwi (q.v.).
(Taub.) Harms
lunyahi (1) Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Sapindaceae A Hehe and Dzungwa (‘Zungwa’) name according to Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk
(1962).
(2) Dodonaea angustifolia L.f. Sapindaceae (Mbuya et al. 1994). Also called by the variant name luhahi (q.v.).
lupalakanga Asclepiadaceae genus nov. Asclepiadaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber with medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
1998). Cf. the cognates palakanga, lipalakanga, kapalang’anga, and also
likalakanga, madang’anga, and musolang’anga, all describing Asparagus spp.
lupebeta Rinorea ilicifolia (Oliv.) O.Ktze Violaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). This may well be the same as the plant
called lupebete by Weck (1908) and described by him as an ingredient in the
treatment of madness (lukwale): ‘the leaves of kihongole and lupebete are
pounded, water is poured over them, and they are mixed with the juices pressed
from a sheep’s intestines; this brew is drunk for three days’ (Redmayne 1969: 34).
Redmayne did not have much luck in identifying Weck’s lupebete: ‘I found no
Hehe who recognised the Kihehe plant name lupebete. One person suggested that
this might be a corruption of lupegele which grows in the Mufindi area (c.6,000
ft.) but for which he knew no medical use…’ (1969: 39).
lupegele [unidentified] [unidentified] This is mentioned by Redmayne in her search for a plant name resembling Weck’s
(1908) lupebete (see lupebeta): ‘One person suggested that this might be a
corruption of lupegele which grows in the Mufindi area (c.6,000 ft.) but for which
he knew no medical use. In Check-Lists [Hora 1940] p.272, there is no Kihehe
plant name which resembles this, but there are two entries for areas where the
language is quite closely related to Kihehe; mpegele (Konde [Nyakyusa-Ngonde]),
Syzygium guineense [(Willd.)] DC[.] and mpegere (Pangwa) Eugenia sp.’ (1969:
39). Pangwa, it should be noted, is much more closely related to Hehe than
Nyakyusa. Nonetheless the Pangwa and Nyakyusa names are evidently related,
and quite possibly cognate with Hehe lupegele. Hehe has the same name
(muvengi, q.v.) for both Syzygium and Eugenia spp., but this has a quite different
root from -pegele.
lupolopolo Kalanchoe crenata (Andrew) Crassulaceae = lopolpolo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb with medicinal uses (Shangali
Haw et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
lupumo (1) Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Celastraceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lutamu (q.v.) and
Blakelock muhomelo (q.v.). Cf. mupumu.
(2) Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Euphorbiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as kipwaga (q.v.), lwisa
Spach (q.v.), and nyakilumbi (q.v.).
lusani Trichoscypha ulugurensis Anacardiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lukumbwembwe (q.v.),
Mildbr. mbembanigo (q.v.), and mupilipili (q.v.). This name may be linguistically cognate
with musani (q.v.).
lusunguluti (1) Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. Euphorbiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as kitegelo (q.v.),
lahongole (q.v.), and nyautilili (q.v.). Cf. suguluti.
(2) Acalypha psilostachya Euphorbiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). [check botanical name]
Hochst.
lusungulutu Dracaena laxissima Engl. Agavaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as kidetema (q.v.),
mudetele (q.v.), mutambalangwense (q.v.), and muvalambi (q.v.).
luswana Saba comorensis (Bojer) Apocynaceae = loswana, Saba florida (Benth.) Bullock, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi
Pichon n.d.). Also recorded as mugapa (q.v.).
lutamu Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Celastraceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lupumo (q.v.) and
Blakelock muhomelo (q.v.).
lutelutelu Carvalhoa campanulata Apocynaceae = luteruteru, Carvalhoa macrophylla K.Schum., Chita area by Uzungwa Scarp
K.Schum. Forest Reserve (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Cognate with kitelutelu (q.v.) and
also recorded as kinyawilafu (q.v.).
lutini Erythrococca usambarica Prain Euphorbiaceae The leaves of this plant are used as a vegetable. The fruits are edible and a
source of juice. The roots are used as a medicine to cure coughs (Mallango et al.
in prep.). Also recorded as mumbele (q.v.).
lwahasa (1) Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Sapindaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Other names recorded for this species
are luhahi, luhali, lunyahi, muhati, and munyongole (q.v.). Cf. the cognate
mwahatsa.
(2) Deinbollia Sapindaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
kilimandscharica Taub.
lwamtita Secamone sp. Asclepiadaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber that provides ropes (Shangali et al.
1998). Also recorded as nyamtita (q.v.).
lwegunda Psychotria tanganyikensis Rubiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as nyakititu (q.v.).
Verdc.
lwelesi ~ lweletsi (1) Cassia kirkii L. Caesalpiniaceae = luweletsi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998). [check
botanical name]
(2) Kotschya recurvifolia Papilionaceae = lwelesi, ‘In some areas of the Highlands… K.recurvifolia, is one of the dominant
(Taub.) F.White plants, particularly in the upland grassland above 1800 m of Umalila, Rungwe and
Ufipa and between Iringa and Njombe. Bees love it when it is in full flower in
July. The Wamalila call it ‘intenga’, the Wabena and the Wakinga call it
‘matenga’, the Wahehe ‘lwelesi’ and the Wandali ‘ndenga’’ (Cribb and Leedal
1983: 68). Redmayne’s informants suggested that lwelesi (and/or mwelesi, q.v.)
might be the same as the plant referred to by Weck (1908) as kierezi (i.e. kyelesi,
q.v.) and used in the treatment of discharges of pus from the ear (Redmayne
1969: 34, 37, 39).
lwembefulo Ludia mauritiana Gmelin Flacourtiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lifulofulo (q.v.) and
kajiwe (q.v.). Cf. mufulo and mufulofulo.
lwida (1) Asparagus flagellaris Liliaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lwisa (q.v.).
(Kunth.) Bak.
(2) Gloriosa simplex L. Liliaceae = G.superba L., Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lwisa
(q.v.), mugobogobo (q.v.), nyamului (q.v.), and vitosambili (q.v.). Known as
Glory Lily in English.
lwisa (1) Asystasia gangetica (L.) Acanthaceae = luisa, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
T.Anders lifuga (q.v.).
(2) Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Euphorbiaceae = luisa, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as kipwaga (q.v.),
Spach lupumo (q.v.), and nyakilumbi (q.v.).
(3) Asparagus flagellaris Liliaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lwida (q.v.).
(Kunth.) Bak.
It is possible that lwisa is linguistically cognate with mwisa ~ mwitsa (q.v.),
though they refer to very different plants.
(4) Gloriosa simplex L. Liliaceae = G.superba L., Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lwida
(q.v.), mugobogobo (q.v.), nyamului (q.v.), and vitosambili (q.v.). Known as
Glory Lily in English.
lwisa kubwa Lobelia holstii Engl. Lobeliaceae = luisa kubwa, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: herb used medicinally (Shangali et
al. 1998). kubwa is Swahili for ‘big’, hence ‘the big lwisa’. This may be an
informant’s opinion rather than a recognised extension to a common Hehe name.
lyamukalichuma Achyrospermum carvalhi Labiatae = lyamkalichuma, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998).
Gürke Also recorded as lubalikila (q.v.). Cf. likalichuma.
madang’anga Asparagus slagellasis Liliaceae Mafinga (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Cf. palakanga, lipalakanga, lupalakanga,
kapalang’anga, likalakanga, and musolang’anga. [check botanical name, =
flagellaris?]
manusi Brillantaisia ulugurica Lindau Acanthaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lihwini (q.v.). manusi
is possibly a plural: see also kinusi, linusi, munusi, and ninusi.
masagati [unidentified] [unidentified] = masagati, ‘a thicket’, a place name in both Uhehe and Ubena (Redmayne 1964:
103).
masululusi Pteridium sp. Dennstaediaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a fern (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
lisilu (q.v.). Cf. sulu and mutsululusi. [is this a plural?]
mbadilo Combretum molle G.Don Combretaceae = mbadilo, C.molle Engl. & Diels., E.A. 13206 (Redmayne n.d.). Recorded by
Ruffo and Mtui (1980) at Kiwele / Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve, Ibumu / Image
Forest Reserve, and at Nyololo in Mufindi District; used as a source of firewood and
building poles in all these places. More recently recorded by Nahonyo et al.
(1998), who give mbadilo as the Hehe and Gogo names. This tree, the Velvet
Bushwillow, together with other Combretum spp., is also called mlama (q.v.) in
Hehe.
mbala (1) Anthocleista grandiflora Loganiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mumbala (q.v.),
Gilg muvumbala (q.v.), and muguhuguhu (q.v.).
(2) Lophia schweinfurthei [?] Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). [Check botanical name and authority]
[authority?]
mbalala Harungana madagascariensis Guttiferae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides fuelwood, glue, and dyes
Poir. (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as muvalala (q.v.), muvavala (q.v.), muvata
(q.v.), and kisyembadanda (q.v.).
mbalawino Culcasia orientalis Mayo Araceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. lumwino.
mbalikila (1) Conyza persicalifolia Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical
(Benth.) Oliv. & Hiern name]
(2) Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb with medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
mbambakofi Afzelia quanzensis Welw. Caesalpiniaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber, poles and firewood (Shangali et
al. 1998). Also recorded as mufunguji (q.v.), mulindimila (q.v.), and mwale
(q.v.). This is a modern borrowing: mbambakofi is the Swahili name of this tree,
known in English as the Lucky-bean Tree, Pod Mahogany, or Mahogany Bean.
mbelewele Dracaena steudneri Engl. Agavaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used for fodder (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf.
livelevele.
mbembanigo Trichoscypha ulugurensis Anacardiaceae = T.ulugurensis Mildbr. ssp. ulugurensis, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides
Mildbr. fuelwood, poles, and tool handles (Shangali et al. 1998). This name is cognate
with muvembanyigo (q.v.). Also recorded as lukumbwembwe (q.v.), lusani (q.v.),
and mupilipili (q.v.). [is mbembanigo a mistranscription or the result of vowel
elision?]
mbokovoko (1) Uvaria scheffleri Diels Annonaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. also
the cognate muvyokovyoko. [is mbokovoko class 9/10?]
(2) Uvaria tanzaniae Verdc. Annonaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
(3) Uvaria sp. Annonaceae = mbokowoko, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
(4) Monanthotaxis sp. Annonaceae = mbokowoko, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
mbwewe Canthium crassum Hiern. Rubiaceae E.A. 13221 (Redmayne n.d.). The same name and identification were recorded by
Ruffo and Mtui (1980) in the Mkimbizi area and at Kiwele / Kitapilimwa Forest
Reserve. Both records note that this plant has edible fruits.
memena Pseudolachnostylis Euphorbiaceae (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as munyaluhanga (q.v.), musolo
maprouneifolia Pax (q.v.), and mutungulu (q.v.). Cf. memena. [a mistranscription?]
memona Cryptocarpa sp. Lauraceae = mmemona, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber and
fuelwood, and is used for making beehives (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
ngulukanzila (q.v.). Cf. memona.
mingi [?] Ximenia americana L. Olacaceae = X.americana L. and X.caffra Sond. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). The
unusual form of this name (mi- is the class 4 prefix, denoting a plural; ‘mingi’ in
Swahili means ‘many’) suggests that it may have been wrongly recorded. Other
recorded names for this tree or shrub are mutumbatumba (q.v.), mutundwa
(q.v.), and mwitunda (q.v.).
minunuwi Lantana trifolia L. Verbenaceae Mufindi (MBG n.d.). Also recorded as muhongole (q.v.). Cf. minwuwi. [it is
possible that one or the other of these is misrecorded]
minwuwi (1) Impatiens hamata Warb. Balsaminaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: an ornamental (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf.
minunuwi.
(2) Impatiens meruensis Gilg. Balsaminaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: an ornamental (Shangali et al. 1998).
motaponsi Ozoroa insignis Del. ssp. Anacardiaceae = Heeria reticulata (Bak.f.) Engl., E.A. 13238 (Redmayne n.d.). A healer in
reticulata (Bak.f.) Gillett Kalenga told Koszarek (2001) that he used a drink prepared from motaponzi as a
treatment for malaria. Another healer in Kalenga described its use in treatments
for bewitchment and mental illness. Bewitched patients inhale the vapours of an
infusion which includes material from this plant, and they also drink it as a purge.
Patients diagnosed with mental illness are bathed in a mixture of motaponzi and
other plant ingredients. Koszarek herself did not identify this plant. Other
recorded names for it are lihenwe (q.v.) and mtelya (q.v.).
mubangalala Bidens pilosa L. Compositae = mbangalala, Mgololo in Mufindi District: a weed (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). =
mbangalala, a herb, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used medicinally (Shangali et
al. 1998). Cognate with libangalala (q.v.) and also recorded as lisigi (q.v.).
Known as Black Jack in English, a widespread weed.
mubangwe Bidens holstii (O.Hoffm.) Compositae = mbangwe, a shrub, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used medicinally (Shangali
Sherff. et al. 1998). Also recorded as libangwe (q.v.). Cf. mubangalala, libangalala.
mubapa Dialium holtzii Harms Caesalpiniaceae = mbapa, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mukongo
(q.v.).
mubasamono, (1) Bersama abyssinica Fres. Melianthaceae = mibasamomo [sic.], Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mbasamono,
mibasamono, 3/4 B.abyssinica ssp. abyssinica, Winged Bersama (Mbuya et al. 1994). Also recorded
as munyatoma (q.v.), mupeme (q.v.) and lipeme (q.v.).
(2) Bersama salicifolia Melianthaceae = mbasamono, Ibumu village and Image Forest Reserve: provides firewood and
[authority?] building poles; Mafinga: provides firewood; Sao Hill: provides firewood and
building poles (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). [check botanical name: a ssp. of the
preceding?]
(3) Pavetta stenosepala Rubiaceae = mbasamono, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
K.Schum.
mubilabila Cussonia zimmermannii Harms Araliaceae = mbilabila, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
mubondo Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Celastraceae = mbondo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998). Also
Exell recorded as kisugi (q.v.). Also recorded as kisugi (q.v.), muvambandusi ~
muvambandutsi (q.v.), and mwifwikakavili (q.v.).
mubosoboso Plectranthus luteus Gürke Labiatae = mbosoboso, Coleus luteus (Gürke) Staner, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a
shrub (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. the cognate libosoboso.
mubuyu Cyclimorpha parviflora Urb. Caricaceae = mbuyu, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mulindima
(q.v.) and muvolovolo (q.v.). Cf. Swahili mbuyu, Adansonia digitata, Baobab.
mudeke Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms Araliaceae = mdeke, mudeke, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mdeke, Parasol
Tree (Mbuya et al. 1994). = mdeke, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides
timber, poles and fuelwood (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as limanza (q.v.)
and mukanye (q.v.).
mudenge Arundinaria alpina K.Schum. Gramineae = mdenge, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a bamboo which provides poles and is
used for weaving and thatching (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mulansi
(q.v.) and musisi (q.v.). Called Mountain Bamboo in English.
mudetele Dracaena laxissima Engl. Agavaceae = mdetele, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as kidetema
(q.v.), lusungulutu (q.v.), mutambalangwense (q.v.), and muvalambi (q.v.). The
two noun stems, -detele and the more widespread –detema (-tetema), are likely
related.
mudetema (1) Dracaena afromontana Agavaceae = mdetema, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as kidetema
Mildbr. (q.v.) and mutetema (q.v.), with detema (q.v.) and ndetema (q.v.) for other
Dracaena spp.
(2) Dracaena usambarensis Agavaceae = mdetema, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as detema
Engl. (q.v.), with kidetema (q.v.), mutetema (q.v.), and ndetema (q.v.) for other
Dracaena spp.
mudobole Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) Rosaceae = mdobole (Mbuya et al. 1994). Also recorded as mugetwa (q.v.), mutungalunga
J.F.Gmel. (q.v.), and mwelesi ~ mweletsi (q.v.).
muduguya (1) Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Balanitaceae = mduguya, in Gogo mduguyu (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as
Del. muvambandusi ~ muvambandutsi (q.v.).
(2) Balanites pedicellaris Balanitaceae = mduguya, in Gogo mduguyu (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as
Mildbr. & Schlecht. muvambandusi ~ muvambandutsi (q.v.).
mudula Solanum incanum L. Solanaceae = mdula, S.panduraeforme Drège ex Dun. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962); =
mdula, S.panduriforme (Redmayne n.d.). This plant, the Sodom Apple, is also
called by the cognate name ndula (q.v.) and its reduplicated form ndulandula
(q.v.). Another recorded name for it is munusi (q.v.).
muduma Garcinia buchananii Bak. Guttiferae = mduma, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree with edible fruits, and which
provides withies (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukani (q.v.). Cf.
munduma, Garcinia spp.
mufilafila (1) Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae = mfilafila, also in Gogo (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukolongo
(Buch.- Ham.) G.Don (q.v.).
(2) Garcinia huillensis Oliv. Guttiferae = mfilafila, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree with which provides timber and
fuelwood (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukatsa (q.v.). Cf. mufilifili.
mufilani Diplorhynchus condylocarpon Apocynaceae = mfilani (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as musonga (q.v.) and
(Muell. Arg.) Pichon mutogo (q.v.).
mufilifili Garcinia volkensii Engl. Guttiferae = mfilifili, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mukani
(q.v.) and mukongwa (q.v.). Cf. mufilafila.
mufipahosi *Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Bignoniaceae = mfipahosi, Tecomaria nyassae Baill. ex Schum. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk
Spach ssp. nyassae (Oliv.) 1962). This name is cognate with both kipahoji (q.v.) and lifipahosi (q.v.). Other
Brummitt names recorded for the same sp. are as kinyalomo (q.v.), nyaloma (q.v.),
nyalulume (q.v.), leluni (q.v.), and mununu (q.v.). This is a cultivated
ornamental called Cape Honeysuckle in English. [check botanical name]
mufudu, mifudu, (1) Vitex doniana Sweet Verbenaceae = mfudu, in Gogo mfulu (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mufudululenga
3/4 (q.v.) mukoge (q.v.), and mupwanga (q.v.). Black Plum in English.
(2) Vitex iringensis Verbenaceae = mfudu, Mkimbizi area: has edible fruits (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = mufudu, plural
[authority?] mifudu (Mudemu n.d.). [check botanical name]
(3) Vitex keniensis Turrill Verbenaceae = mfudu, in Gogo mfulu (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Meru Oak in English.
mufudululenga (1) Vitex doniana Sweet Verbenaceae = mfudululenga, Mkimbizi area: has edible fruits (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also
recorded as mufudu (q.v.), mukoge (q.v.), and mupwanga (q.v.).
mufudululenga might be translated as ‘the watery Vitex’, from mufudu, ‘Vitex
spp.’ and ‘lulenga’, class 11 form of malenga, ‘water’.
(2) Vitex mombassae Vatke Verbenaceae = mfudululenga, Smelly Berry Vitex (Mbuya et al. 1994). Mahuninga: leaves used
to treat eye defects: crushed, soaked, and applied to the eyes (Nahonyo et al.
1998). Also recorded as musasati (q.v.).
mufufugala (1) Combretum sp. Combretaceae = mfufugala, a tree, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
(2) Helichrysum schimperi Compositae = mfufugala, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a creeper with medicinal uses
(Sch.-Bip. ex A.Rich.) Moeser (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as libunda (q.v.) and nyavihale (q.v.).
mufulo Vitex sp. Verbenaceae = mfuro, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Cf. the reduplicated form
mufulofulo.
mufulofulo (1) Catunaregam spinosa Rubiaceae = mfulofulo, Xeromphis obovata (Hochst.) Keay (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). This
(Thunb.) Tirvengadum shrub/tree has also been recorded with the names mupongolo (q.v.) and
mututumu (q.v.). Cf. lifulofulo.
(2) Vitex amaniensis Pieper Verbenaceae = mfurofuro, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mukogo
(q.v.) and mupoma (q.v.). Cf. mufulo.
mufulukiki Blotiela natalensis (Hook.) Dennstaediaceae = mfulukiki, a fern, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf.
Tryon mufululusi. [check botanical name]
mufululusi Cheilanthes bergiana Kunze Adianthaceae = mfululusi, a fern, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf.
masululusi, mutsululusi. [check botanical name]
mufumbi Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Bignoniaceae = mfumbi, K.aethiopica Decne. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = K.aethiopica
DC. (Redmayne n.d.). Also listed by Nahonyo et al. (1998). This is the easily
recognisable Sausage Tree, which has also been recorded with the name mutumbi
(q.v.).
mufumbwe Carissa edulis (Forssk.) Vahl Apocynaceae E.A. 13202 (Redmayne n.d.). = mfumbwe, recorded as a shrub with edible fruits
at Mafinga, Mufindi District, and Ibumu village / Image Forest Reserve. At Sao Hill
it is also grown as an ornamental (Ruffo and Mtui 1980).
mufunguji Afzelia quanzensis Welw. Caesalpiniaceae = mfunguji (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as mbambakofi
(q.v.), mulindimila (q.v.), and mwale (q.v.).
mufyuwi Crossopteryx febrifuga Rubiaceae = mfyuwi (Watt and Breyer –Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as musanze (q.v.)
(G.Don) Benth. and musasati (q.v.).
mugapa Saba comorensis (Bojer) Apocynaceae = mgapa, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has edible fruits and medicinal uses
Pichon (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as luswana (q.v.).
mugela Brachystegia microphylla Caesalpiniaceae = mgeela, in Gogo mjele (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as muhani (q.v.),
Harms mupembedza (q.v.), and musani (q.v.). Cf. the reduplicated form mugelagela.
mugelagela Entada abyssinica A.Rich. Mimosaceae Tree Entada (Mbuya et al. 1994). Also recorded as muhulodonya (q.v.). Cf. the
cognate mugela.
mugema Agauria salicifolia (Lam.) Oliv. Ericaceae = mgema (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Also recorded as mukolongo (q.v.).
mugetwa Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) Rosaceae = mgetwa, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mudobole
J.F.Gmel. (q.v.), mutungalunga (q.v.), and mwelesi ~ mweletsi (q.v.).
mugimbwana Ocotea usambarensis Engl. Lauraceae = mgimbwana, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as muheti
(q.v.).
mugobogobo Gloriosa simplex L. Liliaceae (Verdcourt and Trump 1962). Also recorded as lwida (q.v.), lwisa (q.v.), nyamului
(q.v.), and vitosambili (q.v.). Known as Glory Lily in English. [check botanical
name]
mugobwali Bauhinia petersiana Bolle Caesalpiniaceae = mgobwali, Kiwele area and Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood,
poles, and ropes (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as muhakwe (q.v.),
mukomba (q.v.), musengela (q.v.), and mwasamlo (q.v.). Cf. mugombwali,
mugomboli.
mugogo Nuxia floribunda Benth. Loganiaceae = mgogo, (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as mukogo (q.v.),
mungogo (q.v.), mukombalwiko (q.v.), and mukongoti (q.v.).
mugogola Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Flacourtiaceae = mgogola, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a small tree with edible fruits, and
Merrill which provides fuelwood and is used for making pestles (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as mugola (q.v.) and mupingipingi (q.v.).
mugola (1) Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Flacourtiaceae = mugola, pl. migola (Mudemu n.d.). = mgola, Mkimbizi area: with edible fruits
Merrill (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Mbuya et al.
(1994) have mgola, the same in Zigua, and mgora in Luguru. Also recorded as
mugogola (q.v.) and mupingipingi (q.v.).
(2) Dovyalis glandulosissima Flacourtiaceae E.A. 13227 (Redmayne n.d.). [check botanical name]
Gilg.
mugombagomba Asparagus asparagoides (L.) Liliaceae = mgombagomba, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998).
Wight [check botanical name]
mugonelatwa Droogmansia whytei Schindl. Papilionaceae E.A. 13239 (Redmayne n.d.). Compare ngonelavatwa (q.v.), which may be a more
accurate transcription. Also recorded with the name munyakwihonga (q.v.).
mugongo Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Compositae = mgongo, a herb, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). [check
Wild. botanical name]
muguhu, Uapaca kirkiana Muell. Arg. Euphorbiaceae = muguhu, pl. miguhu (Mudemu n.d.). = mguhu, Mkimbizi area and Mafinga: has
miguhu, 3/4 edible fruits (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = mguhu (Mbuya et al. 1994). = mguhu,
Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mguhu, Uzungwa Scarp Forest
Reserve: has edible fruits and provides poles, fuelwood, and is used for making
beehives (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukusu (q.v.). Cf. the
reduplicated form muguhuguhu. Called Wild Loquat in English.
muguhuguhu Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg Loganiaceae Uhafiwa, Udzungwa (Moyer). Also recorded as mbala (q.v.), mumbala (q.v.), and
muvumbala (q.v.). Cf. the root form muguhu.
mugukukanzua Kiggelaria africana L. Flacourtiaceae = mgukukanzua, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber and
poles (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as likoti (q.v.) and muguluka (q.v.).
[is the first part of this name a mistake for muguluka?]
mugulakazila Sapium ellipticum (Krauss) Pax Euphorbiaceae = mgulakazila, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
mukwembi (q.v.). Cf. ngulukanzila. [check unusual phonology]
muguluka (1) Kiggelaria africana L. Flacourtiaceae = mguluka, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as likoti (q.v.)
and mugukukanzua (q.v.).
(2) Cryptocarya liebertiana Lauraceae = mguruka, Mufindi (MBG n.d.). Also recorded as muhulo (q.v.) and mwitsukulu
Engl. (q.v.).
mugulumo (1) Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. Anacardiaceae E.A. 13269 (Redmayne n.d.). Also recorded as muhumba-lunyuche (q.v.).
(2) Lannea schimperi (A.Rich.) Anacardiaceae = mgulumo, Mkimbizi area: ropes from root bark; Kitelewasi area: ropes (Ruffo and
Engl. Mtui 1980). Also recorded as muumb[?] (q.v.).
mugungumati Asplenium holstii Hieron. Aspleniaceae = migungumati (assumed here to be plural), Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a fern
muguoguo (1) Markhamia obtusifolia Bignoniaceae = mguoguo, mguonguo, Golden Bean Tree (Mbuya et al. 1994). = mguoguo, also in
(Bak.) Sprague Gogo (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as kipagupagu (q.v.), lukunyani (q.v.),
liguvani (q.v.) and muguvani (q.v.).
(2) Coloncoba welwitchii Oliv. Flacourtiaceae = mguoguo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree used for poles and fuelwood
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as kisegichyela (q.v.). [check botanical
name, = Oncoba?]
muguti Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Myrsinaceae = mguti (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). This is evidently the same as (assuming poor
recording) or cognate with mukuti (q.v.) and ‘Kizungwa’ munguti (q.v.), also
listed by Verdcourt and Trump. See also koti, muputi, likoti, mukosi, and
mutandu. Verdcourt and Trump also have mguti as the Nyakyusa name for this
tree.
muguvani Markhamia obtusifolia (Bak.) Bignoniaceae = mguani (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mguvani, Golden Bean Tree
Sprague (Mbuya et al. 1994). = mguvani (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Cf. the cognate liguvani,
for the same sp., and luguvani for M.lutea. Also recorded as kipagupagu (q.v.),
lukunyani (q.v.), and muguoguo (q.v.).
muhahasa Buddleia salviifolia (L.) Lam. Loganiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub which provides fuelwood (Shangali et al.
1998). Also recorded as mwahasa (q.v.). [check botanical name]
muhakwe Bauhinia petersiana Bolle Caesalpiniaceae = mhakwe, also in Sangu (Mbuya et al. 1994). = mhakwe (Nahonyo et al. 1998).
Also recorded as mugobwali (q.v.), mukomba (q.v.), musengela (q.v.), and
mwasamlo (q.v.).
muhangama Uvariodendron oligocarpum Annonaceae = mhangama, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded
Verdc. as musasati (q.v.).
muhangana Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq. Malvaceae = mhangana, Hehe, ‘Zingwa’ [sic.] (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). =
muhangana, mhang’ana, H.diversifolius subsp. witheanus, Mkimbizi area: used to
make ropes (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = mhangana, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a
shrub which provides ropes and is used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998). Also
recorded as linyangamabele (q.v.) and muvava (q.v.).
muhanza ~ Senna singueana (Del.) Lock Caesalpiniaceae Weck (1908) gave the following cure using leaves from this tree: ‘Treatment for
muhanja inflammation of the hip joint (Lunyonga): the leaves of the muhungulu tree are
dried and pounded. The roots are cooked. Small cuts are made in the painful hip
and the powder from the leaves is rubbed in. The leaves of the muhanza tree,
which have been dipped in the hot water in which the roots were boiled, are
placed on the hip. In a few days time, at least within a month, healing should
have begun’ (Redmayne 1969: 34). Redmayne confirms that lunyonga refers to a
pain in the hip joint, described by some as deep in the bone (1969: 38). She also
has the following to say about Weck’s muhanza: ‘This is a well known Kihehe plant
name, although I failed to obtain any information about its medical use. I
obtained a specimen of muhanza which was identified as Cassia singueana Del.
Caesalpiniaceae [E.A. 13243 in Redmayne (n.d.)]. In Check-Lists [Hora 1940], p.
232, the Kihehe plant name muhansa is given as Monotes rufotomentosus
Gilg.’ (1969: 39). There is no other evidence, however, to support the
identification of these two separately recorded Hehe names.
More recently Koszarek (2001) has obtained information on a quite different
medical use of this tree, which is now assigned to the genus Senna. One of her
informants, a healer in Tanangozi, reported using mhanza as one of many plant
ingredients in a drink given to treat mentally ill patients. Another healer, in
Kalenga, described using muhanza in a mixture to be inhaled by patients with the
same complaint. A third healer, in neighbouring Ibagamoyo, is recorded as using
mlanza (sic.) as an ingredient in a drink to treat mental illness. In the absence of
any other record of this name, it is presumed here to be a mistranscription of
muhanza.
The botanical identification of the names mhanza and muhanza (as C.singueana) is
confirmed by Verdcourt and Trump (1969), noting the widespread use of the roots,
bark and leaves of this tree in indigenous medicines. Ruffo and Mtui (1980) noted
some other uses of the tree in different parts of Uhehe. In the Mkimbizi area they
found mhanza/muhanza being used as a source of firewood. In the Kitelewasi
area and Ibumu village / Image Forest Reserve they recorded mhanza as both a
source of firewood and an ornamental tree. The name mhanza is also listed and
identified (as C.singueana) by Nahonyo et al. (1994). The reduplicated form of
the name, muhanzahanza (q.v.) has also been recorded, as well as another name
with reduplicated shape, muhombahomba (q.v.). Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk
(1962) have muhanja for C.singueana, possibly a cognate form rather than an
error.
muhanzahanza Senna singueana (Del.) Lock Caesalpiniaceae = mhanzahanza, Cassia singueana, Nyololo in Mufindi District: leaves boiled and
drunk to treat diarrhoea and kideri (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Kideri is the Swahili
name for fowl typhoid and/or other diseases of poultry characterised by diarrhoea
and possibly resulting in death. muhanzahanza is a reduplicated and evidently
less widely used form of the name muhanza (q.v.), and this record adds another
item to the list of reported medical uses of S.singueana. Another recorded name
for this tree is muhombahomba (q.v.).
muhanzuti Scolopia stolzii Gilg. Flacourtiaceae = mhanzuti, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
muhapi, mihapi, Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Euphorbiaceae (Mudemu n.d.). Also recorded as mwisa (q.v.) and mwesa (q.v.).
3/4 Baill.
muhati Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Sapindaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). The root of this name may be a skewed
form of the more widely recorded luhahi (q.v.) and lunyahi (q.v.).
muhebefo Rhus longipes Engl. Anacardiaceae = mhebefo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). This name clearly related to
muhehefu (q.v.), and is either closely linguistically related or a mistranscribed
version of the same. Another recorded name for this species is mutunumbi (q.v.).
muhehefu (1) Rhus longipes Engl. Anacardiaceae E.A. 13203 (Redmayne n.d.). Rodgers and Mwasumbi’s (n.d.) record of the name
muhebefo (q.v.) for this species in Udzungwa is either mistranscribed or indicates
a cognate term. The name mutunumbi has also been recorded for this tree.
(2) Rhus natalensis Krauss Anacardiaceae Mkimbizi area [?] and Mafinga in Mufindi District: a source of edible fruit and
firewood (Rutto and Mtui 1980). Also recorded with the names musesembwa
(q.v.), mutunumbi (q.v.), and mutsetsefwa (q.v.).
muhekele (1) Euclea divinorum Hiern Ebenaceae = Euclea sp. aff. E.divinorum Hiern, E.A. 13245 (Redmayne n.d.). = mhekele,
Euclea sp. nr. E.divinorum, Mkimbizi: a source of firewood and red dye; muhekele,
E.divinorum, Sao Hill: providing firewood and also edible fruits (? It is not specified
in the record which part of the plant is edible) (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Mbuya et
al. (1994) also identify mhekele as E.divinorum, the Diamond-leaved Euclea, and
give the Luguru name as mhekele or mhekela. It may be significant that the
specimens collected independently by Redmayne and by Ruffo and Mtui at
Mkimbizi could not be assigned unequivocally to this species. Another recorded
name for E.divinorum is muhimbachigulu (q.v.).
(2) Euclea natalensis A.DC. Ebenaceae Mkimbizi: described as providing a remedy for constipation and diarrhoea, and also
a source of red dye (Ruffo and Mtui 1980).
muhemi (1) Cussonia spicata Thunb. Araliaceae Mkimbizi area: used to make beehives and ‘local chairs’ (Ruffo and Mtui 1980).
Also recorded as munyonzi (q.v.), munyunzulu (q.v.), and mupombolukasi (q.v.).
(2) Erythrina abyssinica DC. Papilionaceae (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mhemi, Mkimbizi area: used to make chairs
and provides shade; = muhemi, Mafinga and Sao Hill, Mufindi District: provides
shade (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Cf. the cognate lihemi.
(3) Erythrina sp. Papilionaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
muhengemela Alangium chinense (Lour.) Alangiaceae = mhengemela, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber and poles
Harms (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as litandu (q.v.).
muheti Ocotea usambarensis Engl. Lauraceae (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Not seen in Mkimbizi, but said to occur east of
the Image hills: a timber tree (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Udzungwa (Rodgers and
Mwasumbi n.d.). East African Camphor-wood (Mbuya et al. 1994). = mheti,
Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber, fuelwood, and is used medicinally
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mugimbwana (q.v.).
muheve (1) Neoboutonia macrocalyx Euphorbiaceae = mhewe, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood (Shangali et al.
Pax 1998).
(2) Abutilon indicum Harv. Malvaceae = muhewe (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as fyefye (q.v.).
muheyelo Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Flacourtiaceae = mheydo (assumed to be a mistranscription), Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi
Benn. n.d.). Mufindi: used to make spoons and hoe handles (MBG n.d.). Also recorded
as mukongo (q.v.), mupuma (q.v.) and mupumu (q.v.). Cf. the cognate heyelo
and kiheyelo.
muhimbachigulu Euclea divinorum Hiern Ebenaceae = mhimbachigulu (Mbuya et al. 1994). This shrub or tree is more widely recorded
with the name muhekele (q.v.).
muholela Combretum zeyheri Sond. Combretaceae (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mulyasenga (q.v.).
muhombahomba Senna singueana (Del.) Lock Caesalpiniaceae = Cassia singueana Del. (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). The more common name for
this tree is muhanza (q.v.), which also has a reduplicated form, muhanzahanza
(q.v.).
muhomelo (1) Mystroxylon aethiopicum Celastraceae = mhomelo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mhomelo, Uzungwa Scarp
(Thunb.) Loes. Forest Reserve: shrub used to make utensils (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. the
cognate lihomelo.
(2) Maytenus undata (Thunb.) Celastraceae = mhomelo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: shrub used for firewood and to make
Blakelock utensils (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as lupumo (q.v.) and lutamu (q.v.).
muhongole Lantana viburnoides (Forssk.) Verbenaceae E.A. 13213 (Redmayne n.d.). A plant used in treating madness, more widely
Vahl known by the cognate name luhongole (q.v.), also recorded as kihongole (q.v.).
muhuu Syzygium cordatum Krauss Myrtaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as muvengi (q.v.).
Water-berry Tree in English.
muhugu Croton macrostachyus Del. Euphorbiaceae (Mbuya et al. 1994). This name is probably cognate with muhulugu (q.v.) and
muvulugu (q.v.). Other recorded names for this tree are mulungu (q.v.) and
mupongolo (q.v.).
muhulatangu Securidaca longipedunculata Polygalaceae = mhulatangu (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Name also recorded as
Fres. muvuhalatango (q.v.), munyumfu (q.v.), and mulyasenga (q.v.).
muhulo (1) Sorindeia madagascariensis Anacardiaceae = mhulo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood, poles, and edible
DC. fruits (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mupilipili (q.v.) and tundawasa
(q.v.).
(2) Catha edulis (Vahl.) Endl. Celastraceae = muhulo, mhulu, muhulu (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Ibumu village and
Image Forest Reserve: a source of fuelwood and edible leaves (Ruffo and Mtui
1980). Also listed with this name by Mbuya et al. (1994). This is the shrub or tree
widely known as Khat or Miraa after the young shoots which are chewed as a
stimulant. It is an indigenous plant, not cultivated in Iringa. Also recorded as
lihulo (q.v.) and liluti (q.v.).
(3) Cryptocarya liebertiana Lauraceae = mhulo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber and
Engl. fuelwood (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as muguluka (q.v.) and
mwitsukulu (q.v.).
muhulugu Croton macrostachyus Del. Euphorbiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). This name may be cognate with both
muvulugu (q.v.) and muhugu (q.v.). Other recorded names for this tree are
mulungu (q.v.) and mupongolo (q.v.).
muhumba- Lannea edulis (Sond.) Engl. Anacardiaceae = muhumba-lunyuuche, Mgololo in Mufindi District: edible fruits (Ruffo and Mtui
lunyuche 1980). Also called mugulumo (q.v.).
muhungulu Pappea capensis Eckl. & Zeyh. Sapindaceae Weck (1908) described the dried, pounded and cooked leaves of muhungulu as an
ingredient in the treatment of inflammation of the hip joint, the resulting powder
being rubbed into small incisions made in the painful hip (see under the entry for
mhanza). Redmayne adds: ‘Muhungulu is a well known Kihehe plant name. I was
not able to obtain information about its medicinal use nor to obtain a specimen
although it is said to grow on the outskirts of Iringa town where the road descends
to Kalenga (c.5,300 ft.)’ (1969: 39). Mbuya et al. (1994) identify mhungulu as
P.capensis, a shrub or small tree which has a variety of known medicinal uses
elsewhere in the region.
mukalanga- Isolona heinsenii Engl. Annonaceae = mkalanganyambwi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a source of poles and with
nyambwi medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
mukalu Allophyllus abyssinicus Sapindaceae = mkaru, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
(Hochst.). Radlk. munyamagakala (q.v.).
mukandekande Antidesma venosum Tul. Euphorbiaceae = mkandekande, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Cf. the cognate
likandekande.
mukangafu Suregada procera (Prain) Euphorbiaceae = mkangafu, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which is a source of fuelwood
Croizat (Shangali et al. 1998).
mukangatowo Dombeya rotundifolia Sterculiaceae = mkangatovo, Dombeya sp., Mkimbizi: source of firewood and building poles
(Hochst.) Planch. (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Listed by Mbuya et al. (as mkangatowo, D.rotundifolia)
with the English name White Dombeya. Also recorded as mukangatwe (q.v.),
mutobo (q.v.), muto (q.v.), mutungitowo (q.v.), and mulati (q.v.). Cf. also
mukiwe and mukwi for undetermined Dombeya sp(p).
mukangatwe Dombeya rotundifolia Sterculiaceae = Dombeya rotundifolia Harv., E.A. 13273 (Redmayne n.d.). This is evidently a
(Hochst.) Planch. variant or close relative of the name mukangatowo (q.v.). This tree is also
recorded as mutobo (q.v.), muto (q.v.), mutungitowo (q.v.), and mulati (q.v.).
mukani (1) Allanblackia stuhlmannii Guttiferae = mkani, mkaane, makane, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mkani,
(Engl.) Engl. Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber and poles; its fruits
are eaten by animals (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mulenge (q.v.) and
mulomboti (q.v.).
(2) Allanblackia ulugurensis Guttiferae = mkani, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber, poles and
Engl. fuelwood, and has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
musengela (q.v.). [check botanical name]
(3) Garcinia buchananii Bak. Guttiferae = makane, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as muduma
(q.v.).
(4) Garcinia volkensii Engl. Guttiferae = makane, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mufilifili
(q.v.) and mukongwa (q.v.).
mukanye Polyscias fulva (Hiern) Harms Araliaceae = mkanye, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as limanza
(q.v.) and mudeke (q.v.).
mukatsa (1) Garcinia huillensis Oliv. Guttiferae = mkatsa, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree with which provides timber and
fuelwood (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mufilafila (q.v.).
(2) Coffea eugenioides Rubiaceae = mkatsa (Hora 1940). Redmayne (1969) suggests that this may be a dialect
S.Moore variant of makasa (the plural of likasa, q.v.). There is no evidence for this,
though the names may be linguistically cognate. Also recorded as mupucha (q.v.),
musebele (q.v.) and mutabagila (q.v.).
mukelegeti (1) Bequartiodendron Sapotaceae = mkelegeti (mkeregeti), Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). This name is
natalense (Sond.) Heine & either the same or closely related to mukelekete (q.v.).
J.H.Hemsl.
(2) Pachystela brevipes Sapotaceae = mkelegeti (mkeregeti), Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded
(Baker) Engl. as msumbati (q.v.).
mukelekete Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Vitaceae = mkelekete, Mufindi (MBG n.d.). Also recorded as litogonigo (q.v.), lilogonego
Wild & Drum. (q.v.), mutonganego (q.v.), litenganego (q.v.), toganigo (q.v.), and mutanganego
(q.v.). If not the same as, this name is cognate with mukelegeti (q.v.).
mukelenafifi Stereospermum kunthianum Bignoniaceae = mkerenafifi (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mkelenafifi (Mbuya et al.
Cham. 1994). Also recorded as mukononangedenge (q.v.).
mukinamsitu Sclerochiton holstii (Lindau) Acanthaceae = mkinamsitu, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al.).
C.B.Cl.
mukinuva Euphorbia quadrangularis Pax Euphorbiaceae = mkinuva (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as kinuva (q.v.).
muking’inasenga Swartzia madagascariensis Caesalpiniaceae Mkimbizi: provides building poles; the leaves are poisonous to livestock (Ruffo and
Desv. Mtui 1980). Verdcourt and Trump (1969) confirm that this widespread plant of
miombo woodland has poisonous properties. Also called mulyasenga (q.v.) and
muvalugos[?] (q.v.).
mukiwe Dombeya sp. Sterculiaceae = mkiwe, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). This name is either the same
or closely related to mukwi (q.v.), recorded in the Mkimbizi area and also
referring to an undetermined Dombeya sp.
mukoge Vitex doniana Sweet Verbenaceae = mkoge, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mkoge, Uzungwa Scarp
Forest Reserve: provides timber, fuelwood, edible fruits, and is a source of wild
honey (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mufudu (q.v.), mufudululenga
(q.v.), and mupwanga (q.v). Cf. mukogo. Black Plum in English.
mukogo (1) Nuxia floribunda Benth. Loganiaceae = mkogo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides poles and fuelwood (Shangali et
al. 1998). Also recorded as mugogo (q.v.), mungogo (q.v.), mukombalwiko (q.v.),
and mukongoti (q.v.).
(2) Vitex amaniensis Pieper Verbenaceae = mkogo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber and fuelwood (Shangali
et al. 1998). Also recorded as mufulofulo (q.v.) and mupoma (q.v.). Cf. mukoge.
mukoko Lindackeria sp. Flacourtiaceae = mkoko, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides poles and
fuelwood, and is used for making tool and spear handles (Shangali et al. 1998).
mukolongo (1) Holarrhena pubescens Apocynaceae = mkolongo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
(Buch.- Ham.) G.Don 1998). Also recorded as mufilafila (q.v.).
(2) Agauria salicifolia (Lam.) Ericaceae = mkolongo, Hehe; mkorongo, ‘Kizungwa’ (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). =
Oliv. mkolongo, A.salicifolila ‘??’, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). =
mkolongo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides poles and fuelwood, and has
medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mugema (q.v.).
mukomba Bauhinia petersiana Bolle Caesalpiniaceae = mkomba (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mkomba, also in Sangu, White
Bauhinia (Mbuya et al. 1994). = mkomba (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as
mugobwali (q.v.), muhakwe (q.v.), musengela (q.v.), and mwasamlo (q.v.).
mukombalwiko Nuxia floribunda Benth. Loganiaceae = mkombalwika, mkombaluiko, Mufindi: a tree which provides building poles and
firewood, and is used for making wooden spoons (MBG n.d.). Also recorded as
mugogo (q.v.), mukogo (q.v.), mungogo (q.v.), and mukongoti (q.v.). Cf.
mukombamwiko.
mukombamwiko Xymalos monospora (Harv.). Monimiaceae = mkombamwiko, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used for fuelwood and making
Warb. utensils and tool handles (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as muvalambi
(q.v.). Cf. mukombalwiko. [check authority]
mukongati Julbernardia globiflora Caesalpiniaceae = mkongati (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukwe (q.v.) and mupinati
Troupin (q.v.). Cf. mukongoti. [check botanical name: genus Isoberlinia?]
mukonge Sansevieria kirkii Bak. Agavaceae E.A. 13262 (Redmayne n.d.). Redmayne adds that this name also applies to other
Sansevieria spp. [check the botanical name and family]
mukongo (1) Dialium holtzii Harms Caesalpiniaceae = mkongo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood (Shangali et al.
1998). Also recorded as mubapa (q.v.).
(2) Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Flacourtiaceae = mkongo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as muheyelo
Benn. (q.v.), mupuma (q.v.) and mupumu (q.v.).
(3) Allophyllus abyssinicus Sapindaceae = mkongo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as munyakisagi
(Hochst.) Radlk. (q.v.).
(4) Filicium decipiens (Wight & Sapindaceae = mkongo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mkongo, Uzungwa Scarp
Arn.) Thwaites Forest Reserve: provides poles and fuelwood (Shangali et al. 1998).
mukongona- Stereospermum kunthianum Bignoniaceae = mkongonangedenge, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides poles and fuelwood
ngedenge Cham. (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukelenafifi (q.v.). Cf. the names
mwingilagidenge and mukwelangedege.
mukongoti Nuxia floribunda Benth. Loganiaceae = mkongoti, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mugogo
(q.v.), mukogo (q.v.), mungogo (q.v.), and mukombalwiko (q.v.).
mukongoza Tabernaemontana Apocynaceae = mkongoza, Tabernaemontana sp., Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). =
pachysiphon Stapf mkongoza, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
1998). Also recorded as mulowolowo (q.v.).
mukongwa Garcinia volkensii Engl. Guttiferae = mkongwa, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mukani
(q.v.) and mufilifili (q.v.).
mukosi Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Myrsinaceae E.A. 11.358 (Redmayne n.d.). See also mukuti, muguti, munguti, muputi, koti,
likoti, and mutandu.
mukulati Brachystegia sp. Caesalpiniaceae = mukurati, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Cf. mukalati. [is this a
mistranscription?]
mukulukamusiva Trimeria grandifolia (Hochst.) Flacourtiaceae = mkulukamsiva, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
Warb. mupalala (q.v.).
mukulyungu Terminalia sambesiaca Engl. & Combretaceae = mkuliungu, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
Diels. mukundikwava (q.v.).
mukumbangobi Tarenna pavettoides (Harv.) Rubiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mupilipili (q.v.) and
Sim. nyamsitu (q.v.).
mukundikwava Terminalia sambesiaca Engl. & Combretaceae = mkundikwava, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber, poles, and
Diels. fuelwood (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukulyungu (q.v.).
mukungugu (1) Erythrophloeum Caesalpiniaceae = mkungugu, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood and used to make
suaveolens (Guill. & Perr.) pestles and tool handles (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as musangalabua
Brenan (q.v.), mwafu (q.v.), and mwahi (q.v.).
(2) Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Mimosaceae = mkungugu, Kiwele area and Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve: provides poles,
Hayne fuelwood, and fodder (Ruffo and Mtui 1980).
mukusu Uapaca kirkiana Muell. Arg. Euphorbiaceae = mkusu, also in Bende and Nyamwezi, msuku in Ngoni (Mbuya et al. 1994). =
mkusu, Mufindi: described as a tree to 4 m tall, with edible red fruits (MBG n.d.).
Also recorded as muguhu (q.v.). Called Wild Loquat in English.
mukuvikudi [unidentified] [unidentified] Described by Weck (1908) as an ingredient, together with likasa (q.v.), in the
treatment of (epileptic) fits, libisi (Redmayne 1969: 34-35). Redmayne adds:
‘Hehe who are otherwise knowledgeable about plants did not recognise this name.
One informant from the highland of Ifwagi suggested that mukufukudi is another
name for mukuyu. This is probably some sort of [F]icus which grows on the Great
Ruaha plains’ (1969: 39). mukuyu (q.v.) is, in fact, recorded as a name for Ficus
sycomorus in Udzungwa. Cf. the grass names likuvi and lukuvi, which may be
cognate with the first part of the stem of mukuvikudi (or the whole word if it is a
reduplicated form mukuvikuvi mistranscribed).
mukuti Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Myrsinaceae = mkuti (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
This name is probably the same as or closely related to muguti (q.v.) and munguti
(q.v.), the latter also described as being from Udzungwa. See also koti, muputi,
likoti, mukosi, and mutandu.
mukwala Monodora grandidieri Baill. Annonaceae = mkwala, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides poles and tool handles
mukwambe Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Euphorbiaceae = mkwambe, Kitelewasi area: fuelwood (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as
Webster munyanga (q.v.), mupuga (q.v.), musebele (q.v.), and mutododosi (q.v.).
mukwe (1) Brachystegia longifolia Caesalpiniaceae = mkwe, Mkimbizi area: provides fuelwood and ropes; likewise Ibumu village and
Benth. Image Forest Reserve and Nyololo in Mufindi District (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also
recorded as mukwe (q.v.) and mutundu (q.v.).
(2) Brachystegia spiciformis Caesalpiniaceae = mkwe, Mkimbizi area: provides fuelwood; Kitelewasi area: provides fuelwood
Benth. and ropes; Sao Hill, Mufindi District: provides timber, fuelwood, charcoal, and
ropes (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = mkwe, Bean-pod Tree (Mbuya et al. 1994). =
mkwee (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mupinati (q.v.), muyombo (q.v.),
and ndagula (q.v.).
(3) Julbernardia globiflora Caesalpiniaceae = mkwee (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mkwee (Nahonyo et al. 1998).
Troupin Also recorded as mukongati (q.v.) and mupinati (q.v.). [check botanical name]
mukwembi Sapium ellipticum (Krauss) Pax Euphorbiaceae = mkwembi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides fuelwood
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mugulakazila (q.v.).
mukwi Dombeya sp. Sterculiaceae = mkwi, Mkimbizi area: a source of firewood and building poles (Ruffo and Mtui
1980). Cf. mukiwe, recorded in Udzungwa and likewise referring to an
undetermined Dombeya sp.
mulama (1) Combretum apiculatum Combretaceae = mlama (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mlama (Nahonyo et al. 1998). =
Sond. mlama, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides poles, fuelwood, and charcoal
(2) Combretum grandifolium Combretaceae = mlama, Kiwele area and Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve: provides building poles and
F.Hoffm. fuelwood (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). [check botanical name]
(3) Combretum gueinzii Combretaceae = mlama, mulama (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). [check botanical name]
[authority?] ssp. splendens
Exell.
(4) Combretum molle G.Don Combretaceae = mlama (Nahonyo et al. 1998). = mulama, Wangama (Moyer). Also recorded as
kalama (q.v.), in diminutive class 12/13. Called Velvet-leaved Combretum or
Velvet Bush Willow in English.
(5) Combretum zeyheri Sond. Combretaceae = mlama (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mlama (Nahonyo et al. 1998). =
mlama, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides poles, fuelwood, charcoal, and
used to make pestles (Shangali et al. 1998).
(6) Combretum spp. Combretaceae = mlama, Combretum spp. generally, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
(7) Terminalia spp. Combretaceae = mlama, Terminalia spp. generally, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
mulanzi (1) Arundinaria alpina Gramineae = mulansi (Mbuya et al. 1994). Also recorded as mudenge (q.v.) and musisi (q.v.).
K.Schum. Cf. the related names in other regional languages, including Kinga lilanzi, Swahili
mwanzi. Mountain Bamboo in English.
(2) *Oxytenanthera abyssinica Gramineae Nyololo in Mufindi District: used as poles (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Lowland or Wine
(A.Rich.) Munro Bamboo in English (Mbuya et al. 1994). Also recorded as lilanzi (q.v.), and kitindi
(q.v.). [check authority]
mulati Dombeya rotundifolia Sterculiaceae = mlati, recorded by Mbuya et al. (1994) as an alternative name to mkangatowo
(Hochst.) Planch. (q.v.). Similar names (mlwati, mluati) are listed for Luguru and Zigua, and these
can also be related to Gogo mtati (which has a Hehe record as D.cincinata) and
Iraqw gwaadati / gwaatati. Other recorded Hehe names for this tree are
mukangatwe (q.v.), mutungitowo (q.v.), mutobo (q.v.) and muto (q.v.).
mulelevasi (1) Crinum politifolium Wahlst Amaryllidaceae = mlelevasi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
1998).
(2) Pollia condensata C.B.Cl. Commelinaceae = mlelevasi, a herb, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). [check
botanical name]
mulelevati Chlorophytum filipendulum Anthericaeae = mlelevati, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded
Berk. as nyalumbwembwe (q.v.). [is this a mistake for mulelvasi / mulelevatsi?]
mulelulelu Casaeria battiscombei Flacourtiaceae = mlelulelu, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides fuelwood,
R.E.Fries poles, and timber (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mupeeta (q.v.).
mulemajungwa Gardenia thunbergia L.f. Rubiaceae (Watt and Breyer-Branwijk 1962). [check the botanical name and authority]. See
also the related names kilamandembo, kilamandembwe, kilimandembwe,
kilembandembwe, mulemandembwe, mulemandembo, and mulimandembwe. Cf.
also Sangu mulemijungwa and mulimwijungwa (Walsh 1995): in Sangu (i)jungwa
means ‘elephant’, and is therefore the equivalent of Hehe ndembwe / ndembo.
[Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk have the same name for Sangu and Hehe – also in
many other cases. Where were these pairs recorded? This example suggests that
there was a Sangu bias. mulemajungwa as a Hehe name needs independent
verification]
mulemandembo (1) Gardenia ternifolia Schum. Rubiaceae = mlemandembo, G.jovis–tonantis, Nyololo, Mufindi District: with unspecified
& Thonn. medicinal uses (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). See also the related names kilamandembo,
kilamandembwe, kilembandembwe, kilimandembwe, mulimandembwe,
mulemandembwe, and mulemajungwa.
(2) Gardenia transvenulosa Rubiaceae = mlemandembo (Nahonyo et al. 1998). According to Nahonyo et al.
Verdc. mlemandembo is the Gogo name for both G.ternifolia and this sp.
mulema- (1) Gardenia subacaulis Stapf Rubiaceae E.A. 13229 (Redmayne n.d.). [check botanical name]
ndembwe & Hutch.
(2) Gardenia ternifolia Schum. Rubiaceae = mlemandembwe, G.jovis-tonantis, Mgololo, Mufindi District: a source of
& Thonn. firewood (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Same name and identification in Nahonyo et al.
(1998). The Hehe name means ‘the elephant hobbler’, perhaps a reference to its
very hard wood and the difficulty elephants have in stripping down these trees.
See also the related names kilamandembo, kilamandembwe, kilembandembwe,
kilimandembwe, mulimandembwe, mulemandembo, and mulemajungwa.
mulenge (1) Allanblackia stuhlmannii Guttiferae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mukani (q.v.) and
(Engl.) Engl. mulomboti (q.v.).
(2) Syzygium guineense Myrtaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as muvengi (q.v.). Water
(Willd.) DC. Berry in English.
mulimandembwe Gardenia ternifolia Schum. & Rubiaceae = G.jovis–tonantis, Wild Gardenia, Wangama (Moyer). See also the related names
Thonn. kilamandembo, kilamandembwe, kilimandembwe, kilembandembwe,
mulemandembwe, mulemandembo, and mulemajungwa.
mulindima Cylicomorpha parviflora Urb. Caricaceae = mlindima, Mufindi: trunk used to make beehives (MBG n.d.). Also recorded as
mubuyu (q.v.) and muvolovolo (q.v.). Cf. mulindimila.
mulindimila (1) Uvariodendron Annonaceae = mlindimila, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides poles, withies and firewood
pyconophyllums (Diels) (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. mulindima.
R.E.Fries.
(2) Afzelia quanzensis Welw. Caesalpiniaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mbambakofi (q.v.),
mufunguji (q.v.), and mwale (q.v.).
(3) Brachystegia bussei Harms Caesalpiniaceae = mlindimila, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as musani
(q.v.), mutelela (q.v.), and muyombe (q.v.).
(4) Newtonia paucijuga Mimosaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
(Harms) Brenan
mulingalinga Lannea humilis (Oliv.) Engl. Anacardiaceae = mlingalinga (Nahonyo et al. 1998).
mulolo, milolo, [unidentified type of reed] [unidentified] = mlolo, milolo, ‘meaning reed or reeds’, and appearing in place names
3/4 (Redmayne 1964: 103).
mulomboti Allanblackia stuhlmannii Guttiferae = mlomboti, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber and
(Engl.) Engl. poles; its fruits are eaten by animals (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
mukani (q.v.) and mulenge (q.v.).
mulongamo Salacia lovettii [authority?] Celastraceae = mlongamo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Cf. mulungamo. [check
botanical name]
mulowolowo (1) Tabernaemontana Apocynaceae = mlowolowo, T.holstii K.Schum., Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also
pachysiphon Stapf recorded as mukongoza (q.v.).
(2) Voacanga africana Stapf Apocynaceae = mlowolowo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
1998).
mulukila Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae = mlukila (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). The name lugeni (q.v.) has also
been recorded for this species.
mulungamo Oncinotis lanceolata Gilg. Apocynaceae = mlungamo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
1998). Cf. mulongamo. [is one or other of these names mistranscribed?]
mulungu Croton macrostachyus Del. Euphorbiaceae = C.machrostachys Hochst. ex A.Rich. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). In this
source the Hehe name is also recorded as ‘mulemgu’, assumed here to be a
mistranscription. The existence of records of a number of similar names for this
species – muhugu, muhulugu, and muvulugu (q.v.) – raises the possibility that
mulungu itself is a mistranscribed version of one of them. Another recorded name
for this tree is mupongolo (q.v.).
mulungulungu (1) Zanthoxylum chalybeum Rutaceae Weck (1908) described mlungulungu as the key ingredient in the treatment of the
Engl. illness called litawangu, which he translated as ‘inflammation of the lungs’: ‘some
roots of mlungulungu are chewed and rubbed into the chest and shoulders. More
of the same roots are boiled in an earthen pot with water and when the steam
rises the patient sits in front of the pot with a large cloth or mat so that he is
completely surrounded by the hot steam. When he has had a good sweat he has
to rub down with a cloth’ (Redmayne 1969: 34).
Redmayne adds: ‘In Kihehe litavangu literally means ‘the great enemy’ and is
commonly used to refer to any serious disease which spreads and affects the whole
body. It may often be tuberculosis but it is used in cases of many other serious or
prolonged diseases with symptoms for which there is no other specific Hehe word.
In Matandula mwaChula’s list it is defined as a pain throughout the body’ (1969:
36; this list of Hehe names for different illnesses was written by a medicine man
for the anthropologist Gordon Brown in 1933).
As for mulungulungu: ‘Many Hehe agree that this is used in medicines for
litawangu [sic.] and some also mention that it may be used for treating pneumonia
and in diseases where the patient is coughing blood. The roots are boiled in water
and the patient drinks the fluid in which they have been boiled. I obtained a
specimen of mlungulungu (E.A. 13275) which was identified as Fagara chalybea
(Engl.) [Engl.] Rutaceae. In Check-Lists [Hora 1940], p.259, this is given as Fagara
merkeri Engl.’ (Redmayne 1969: 39). mlungulungu was also listed by Watt and
Breyer-Brandwijk (1962) as F.merkeri (synonymous with Z.chalybeum). In her list
of identifications Redmayne (n.d.) wrote the Hehe name as mulungulungu.
According to Mallango et al. (in prep.) mulungulungu (identified as Z.chalybeum)
has a number of uses. The leaves are used as a vegetable, and the pounded seeds
are mixed with cotton or sunflower oil to make perfumes. The leaves, roots and
bark are also used as a medicine for stomach pain.
(2) Zanthoxylum Rutaceae = mlungulungu, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mlungulungu, Mufindi
deremense(Engl.) Kokwaro (MBG n.d.). [check the botanical name]
(3) Fagara olitoria Engl. Rutaceae = mlungulungu (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). [this botanical name needs
updating]
(4) Zanthoxylum sp. Rutaceae = mlungulungu, Mufindi: described as an occasional understorey shrub to 3 m tall.
Fruit red-purple, and green-purplish-red on its lower half. The crushed leaf and
fruit have a lemon smell. The bark is used to kill or repel snakes (MBG n.d.).
(5) Zanthoxylum sp. Rutaceae = mlungulungu, Mufindi: described as a tree c.4 m tall x 10 cm dbh. The stem is
grey with dark red prickles; fruit shiny green turning dark red when mature (MBG
n.d.).
(6) Zanthoxylum sp. Rutaceae = mlungulungu, Mufindi: described as a tree to 6 m tall x 15 cm dbh. Flower buds
pale green. Bark and roots used to treat gonorrhoea and syphilis. Leaves used to
treat children's convulsions (MBG n.d.).
(7) Deinbollia sp. Sapindaceae = mlungulungu, Mufindi: described as an occasional tree to 8 m tall. Fruit green
with yellow-white dots and dark brown pubescence. Roots used to treat
gonorrhoea and syphilis; leaves to treat children's convulsions (MBG n.d.).
mulyasenga (1) Securidaca Polygalaceae E.A. 13231 (Redmayne n.d.). This is a poisonous plant of miombo woodlands
longipedunculata Fres. (Verdcourt and Trump 1969), also recorded as muhulatangu (q.v.), muvuhalatango
(q.v.), and munyumfu (q.v.), and called the Tree Violet or Violet Tree in English.
(2) Swartzia madagascariensis Caesalpiniaceae Mkimbizi: provides building poles; the leaves are poisonous to livestock (Ruffo and
Desv. Mtui 1980). Verdcourt and Trump (1969) confirm that this widespread plant of
miombo woodland has poisonous properties. Also recorded as muking’inasenga
(q.v.) and mvalugos[?] (q.v.).
(3) Combretum zeyheri Sond. Combretaceae = mlyasenga, Kiwele area / Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve: a source of firewood, and
the roots are used as a medicine for ankylostomiasis, hookworm infection (Swahili
safura) (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as muholela (q.v.).
(4) Monotes africana Dipterocarp- = mlyasenga (Nahonyo et al. 1998). [Check botanical name and authority]
[authority?] aceae
muumb[?] [name Lannea schimperi (A.Rich.) Anacardiaceae = Lannea schimperi Engl. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also called
incomplete] Engl. mugulumo (q.v.).
mumbala (1) Anthocleista grandiflora Loganiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree that provides timber, fish poison, and is
Gilg used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998). Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
Also recorded as mbala (q.v.), muvumbala (q.v.), and muguhuguhu (q.v.).
(2) Lophia schweinfurthei [?] Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). [Check botanical name and authority]
[authority?]
mumbele Erythrococca usambarica Prain Euphorbiaceae = mumbere, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998). Also
recorded as lutini (q.v.).
munduma Garcinia spp. Guttiferae = mnduma, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Cf. muduma.
munepa Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Euphorbiaceae = mnepa, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub which provides fuelwood and has
Webster var. fragifolia (Pax) medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. kiheyelo for M.discoidea. [check
A.R.Sm. botanical name of variety]
mungaso Ipomoea longituba Hall.f. Convolvulaceae E.A. 13260 (Redmayne n.d.). [check authority] According to Redmayne this name
is also applied to other Ipomoea spp.
mungogo (1) Nuxia congesta Fres. Loganiaceae Mkimbizi area: used for timber (Ruffo and Mtui 1980).
(2) Nuxia floribunda Benth. Loganiaceae = mngogo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mukogo
(q.v.), mugogo (q.v.), mukombalwiko (q.v.), and mukongoti (q.v.).
mungoto Neoboutonia macrocalyx Pax Euphorbiaceae = mngoto, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Another recorded name for
this tree in Udzungwa is mupongolo (q.v.).
mungulungulu (1) Strychnos innocua Del. Loganiaceae (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962).
(2) Strychnos spinosa Lam. Loganiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub with edible fruits which provides
fuelwood and has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
(3) Strychnos sp. Loganiaceae = mungulugulu, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
mungumba- Strychnos angolensis Gilg Loganiaceae = mngumbadumbili, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
dumbili lubondalafuno (q.v.).
munguti Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Myrsinaceae Listed by Verdcourt and Trump as ‘Kizungwa’, i.e. from the Dzungwa dialect.
Closely related to (if not a misheard version of) muguti (q.v.) and/or mukuti (q.v.)
– the latter also recorded in Udzungwa. See also koti, muputi, likoti, mukosi, and
mutandu, all given as names for the same tree. Verdcourt and Trump also have
mnguti as a Luguru name for this sp.
mununu *Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Bignoniaceae = Tecomaria nyassae Baill. ex Schum. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). =
Spach ssp. nyassae (Oliv.) mnunu, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood and has medicinal uses
Brummitt (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as kinyalomo (q.v.), nyaloma (q.v.),
nyalulume (q.v.), leluni (q.v.), kipahoji (q.v.), lifipahosi (q.v.), and mufipahosi
(q.v.). This is a cultivated ornamental called Cape Honeysuckle in English.
munung’anung’a Conyza floribunda (H.B.K.) Compositae = mnung’anung’a, a shrub, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
Sch.-Bip. [check botanical name]
munusi Solanum incanum L. Solanaceae = mnusi, S.panduliformae (Nahonyo et al. 1998). This plant, the Sodom Apple, is
more commonly called by one of the following cognate terms: mudula, ndula, or
ndulandula (q.v.). Cf. the cognates kinusi, linusi, manusi, and ninusi.
munyafwivi Rhynchosia resinosa (A.Rich.) Papilionaceae = mnyafwivi, Kitelewasi: used as cattle fodder (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Redmayne
Bak. (n.d.) recorded the variant linyafwivi (q.v.) for what was probably the same
species of Rhynchosia.
munyakilumbe [unidentified grass sp.] [unidentified] munyakirumbi was described by Weck (1908) as a type of grass used with lugugu
(q.v.) for treating a measles-like skin disease called kingaruhanga (in his
transcription) (Redmayne 1969: 34, 36-37). Redmayne was unable to identify
either the disease or this plant, and has the following to say about the latter:
‘Many Hehe recognised the Kihehe plant name munyakilumbe but did not know
that it had any particular medicinal use. It is said to grow in the hills above
Malangali (above c.5,000 ft.) and also at Mufindi. In Check-Lists [Hora 1940] there
is no Kihehe plant name of which munyakirumbi might be a distortion’ (1969: 39).
Cf. nyakilumbi, identified as Clutia abyssinica, a shrub.
munyakisagi Allophyllus abyssinicus Sapindaceae = mnyakisagi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber and has medicinal
(Hochst.) Radlk. uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukongo (q.v.) and cognate with
nyakisage (q.v.).
munyakwihonga Droogmansia whytei Schindl. Papilionaceae = mnyakwihonga, D.pteropus var. whytei, Mkimbizi: ornamental (Ruffo and Mtui
1980). Also recorded with the name mugonelatwa (q.v.). [check botanical name]
munyala Deinbollia kilimandscharica Sapindaceae = mnyala, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber, poles and firewood
Taub. (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mupilipili (q.v.).
munyaluhanga Pseudolachnostylis Euphorbiaceae = mnyaluhanga, Mkimbizi area [?]: provides poles and a fish poison from its fruits
maprouneifolia Pax (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as memena (q.v.), musolo (q.v.), and
mutungulu (q.v.). Cf. the cognate nyaluhanga.
(2) Crotalaria sp. Papilionaceae = mnyaluhanga, Kitelewasi area: an ornamental (Ruffo and Mtui 1980).
munyamagakala Allophylus abyssinicus Sapindaceae E.A. 13270 (Redmayne n.d.). Recorded in Udzungwa as mukalu (q.v.).
(Hochst.) Radlk.
munyanga Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Euphorbiaceae = Phyllanthus discoideus Müll. Arg. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also
Webster recorded as mukwambe (q.v.), mupuga (q.v.), musebele (q.v.), and mutododosi
(q.v.).
munyatoma (1) Heteromorpha trifoliata Umbelliferae E.A. 13212 (Redmayne n.d.).
(Wendl.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
(2) Bersama abyssinica Fres. Melianthaceae = mnyatoma, B.abyssinica ssp. abyssinica Verdc., Winged Bersama (Mbuya et al.
1994). = mnyatoma (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mubasamono (q.v.),
mupeme (q.v.) and lipeme (q.v.).
munyigi Protea angolensis Welw. Proteaceae E.A. 13225 (Redmayne n.d.). = mnyigi, Protea spp., Udzungwa (Rodgers and
Mwasumbi n.d.).
munyongole Dodonaea viscosa Jacq. Sapindaceae = mnyongole, Mkimbizi: a fuel and hedge plant (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Other
names recorded for this species are luhahi, luhali, lunyahi, lwahasa, and muhati
(q.v.).
munyonzi Cussonia spicata Thunb. Araliaceae = mnyonzi (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi
n.d.). = mnyonzi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et
al. 1998). Also recorded as muhemi (q.v.), munyunzulu (q.v.), and
mupombolukasi (q.v.).
munyumfu Securidaca longipedunculata Polygalaceae = muniumfu (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as muhulatangu
Fres. (q.v.), muvuhalatango (q.v.), and mulyasenga (q.v.).
munyunga- Cussonia sp. Araliaceae = mnyungamembe, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
membe
munyunzulu Cussonia spicata Thunb. Araliaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Also
recorded as muhemi (q.v.), munyonzi (q.v.), and mupombolukasi (q.v.).
mupalala (1) Macaranga capensis (Baill.) Euphorbiaceae = mpalala, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
Sim.
(2) Macaranga Euphorbiaceae = mpalala, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber, poles,
kilimandscharica Pax fuelwood, is used for making beehives, and has medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
1998). Also recorded as mupongolo (q.v.).
(3) Trimeria grandifolia Flacourtiaceae = mpalala, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
(Hochst.) Warb. mukulukamusiva (q.v.).
mupalang’ang’a Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Euphorbiaceae = mpalang’ang’a, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used for medicine, firewood,
Baill. dye, making beehives, and timber (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mwisa
~ mwitsa (q.v.), mwesa (q.v.) and muhapi (q.v.).
mupambaduma Clerodendrum myricoides Verbenaceae = mpambaduma, C.discolor Vatke, E.A. 13215 (Redmayne n.d.). In Udzungwa this
(Hochst.) Vatke species has been recorded with the names lipokopoko (q.v.) and lipukupuku
(q.v.).
mupasa Lannea stuhlmannii Anacardiaceae = mpasa (Nahonyo et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
[authority?]
mupemba-mulusi Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) Gramineae = mpembamlusi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a grass used for thatching and
Schult fodder (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
mupembedza Brachystegia microphylla Caesalpiniaceae = mpembedza, Nyololo, Mufindi District: provides timber, fuelwood, ropes (Ruffo
Harms and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as mugela (q.v.), muhani (q.v.), and musani (q.v.).
mupeme (1) Bersama abyssinica Fres. Melianthaceae = mupeme and mpeme, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mpeme,
B.abyssinica ssp. abyssinica Verdc., Winged Bersama (Mbuya et al. 1994). =
mpeme (Nahonyo et al. 1998). = mpeme, Mufindi (MBG n.d.). lipeme, also from
Mufindi, is cognate. Also recorded as mubasamono (q.v.) and munyatoma (q.v.).
(2) Paullinia pinnata L. Sapindaceae = mpeme, Chita area by Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and Mwasumbi
n.d.).
mupeeta Casaeria battiscombei Flacourtiaceae = mpeeta, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides fuelwood, poles,
R.E.Fries and timber (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mulelulelu (q.v.).
mupilipili (1) Sorindeia madagascariensis Anacardiaceae = mpilipili, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mpilipili, Uzungwa Scarp
DC. Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood, poles, and edible fruits (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as muhulo (q.v.) and tundawasa (q.v.).
(2) Trichoscypha ulugurensis Anacardiaceae = mpilipili, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mpilipili, T.ulugurensis
Mildbr. Mildbr. ssp. ulugurensis, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood, poles,
and tool handles (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as lukumbwembwe (q.v.),
lusani (q.v.), and mbembanigo (q.v.).
(3) Rauvolfia mannii Stapf Apocynaceae = mpilipili, Mufindi: described as an occasional shrub c.2 m high. Leaves producing
white latex; corolla tube pale yellow-green; fruits green (MBG n.d.). Also
recorded as kinawihongo (q.v.) and nyavihongo ndogo (q.v.).
(4) Lepidotrichilia volkensii Meliaceae = mpilipili, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as musebele
(Gürke) Leroy (q.v.). Also recorded as mufanga (q.v.).
(5) Tarenna pavettoides Rubiaceae = mpiripiri, Chita area by Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and Mwasumbi
(Harv.) Sim. n.d.). Also recorded as mukumbangobi (q.v.) and nyamsitu (q.v.).
(6) Deinbollia Sapindaceae = mpiripiri, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as munyala
kilimandscharica Taub. (q.v.).
(7) Sapindaceae spp. Sapindaceae Rodgers and Mwasumbi (n.d.) also state that this is a name for Sapindaceae ‘in
general’.
mupinati (1) Brachystegia spiciformis Caesalpiniaceae = mpinati, Ibumu village and Image Forest Reserve: provides timber, fuelwood and
Benth. ropes; likewise at Nyololo in Mufindi District (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = mpinati
(Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukwe (q.v.), muyombo (q.v.), and
ndagula (q.v.). [check Nahonyo ref]
(2) Julbernardia globiflora Caesalpiniaceae = mpanate (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mpinati, Kitelewasi area:
Troupin provides fuelwood and ropes (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = mpinati (Mbuya et al.
1994). = mpinati (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukongati (q.v.) and
mukwe (q.v.). [check botanical name and Nahonyo ref]
(3) Lysidice rhodostegia Caesalpiniaceae = mpinati, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides poles, fuelwood, and handles
Hance. for tools (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
mupingipingi (1) Flacourtia indica (Burm.f.) Flacourtiaceae = mpingipingi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a small tree with edible fruits, and
Merrill which provides fuelwood and is used for making pestles (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as mugola (q.v.) and mugogola (q.v.).
(2) Scolopia rhamniphylla Gilg. Flacourtiaceae = mpingipingi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub with edible fruits, and
medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
mupodo Podocarpus sp. Podocarpaceae = mpodo, Mkimbizi: provides timber (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). This name evidently
originates in the English name for Podocarpus spp., Podo (also East African
Yellowood). Cf. muvembanagi and muvembanyigo.
mupoloto (1) Xylopia parviflora (A.Rich.) Annonaceae = mpoloto, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lihomelo
Benth. (q.v.).
(2) Fagaropsis angolensis Rutaceae = mporoto, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
(Engl.) Dale
mupolyoto Pluchea monocephala Compositae = mpolioto, a herb, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf.
E.A.Bruce mupoloto. [check botanical name]
mupoma (1) Vitex amaniensis Pieper Verbenaceae = mpoma, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber and fuelwood (Shangali
et al. 1998). Also recorded as mufulofulo (q.v.) and mukogo (q.v.).
(2) Vitex madiensis Oliv. Verbenaceae = mpoma, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood and withies (Shangali
et al. 1998).
mupombolukasi Cussonia spicata Thunb. Araliaceae Mufindi: used for making wooden bicycle wheels (MBG n.d.). Also recorded as
muhemi (q.v.), munyonzi (q.v.), and munyunzulu (q.v.). Cf. the related name
lipombogasi.
mupongolo (1) Croton macrostachyus Del. Euphorbiaceae = mpongolo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). This tree has also been
recorded with the following names: mulungu, muhugu, muhulugu, and muvulugu
(q.v.).
(2) Macaranga Euphorbiaceae = mpongole, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mpongolo, Mufindi (MBG
kilimandscharica Pax n.d.). Also recorded as mupalala (q.v.).
(3) Neoboutonia macrocalyx Euphorbiaceae = mpongolo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Another recorded name for
Pax this tree in Udzungwa is mungoto (q.v.).
(4) Catunaregam spinosa Rubiaceae = pongolo, Xeromphis spinosa Keay (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962); =
(Thunb.) Tirvengadum mpongolo, Randia taylorii S.Moore (Redmayne n.d.). Recorded with the same
name and identification (C.spinosa) in the Mkimbizi area, where it is used for
fuelwood and to make poles (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). The names mufulofulo (q.v.)
and mututumu (q.v.) have also been recorded for this shrub or tree.
mupuga Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Euphorbiaceae = mpuga (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukwambe (q.v.), munyanga
Webster (q.v.), musebele (q.v.), and mutododosi (q.v.).
mupugupugu Lannea schimperi (A.Rich.) Anacardiaceae = mpugupugu, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used to make tool handles (Shangali
Engl. et al. 1998). Also recorded as luguvani (q.v.).
mupulananga Monanthotaxis buchananii Annonaceae = mpulananga, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
(Engl.) Verdc. livelevele (q.v.).
mupululu Terminalia sericea Burch. ex Combretaceae = mpululu (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mupululu (Redmayne n.d.). =
DC. mpululu, also in Gogo (Nahonyo et al. 1998).
mupuma Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Flacourtiaceae = mpuma, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as muheyelo
Benn. (q.v.), mukongo (q.v.), and the variant name mupumu (q.v.).
mupumu Aphloia theiformis (Vahl) Flacourtiaceae = mpumo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Uzungwa Scarp Forest
Benn. Reserve: provides poles and fuelwood, used for making utensils, and has medicinal
uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as muheyelo (q.v.), mukongo (q.v.),
and with the variant name mupuma (q.v.). Cf. lupumo.
muputsa ~ (1) Drypetes natalensis (Harv.) Euphorbiaceae = mputsa, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides poles and
mupucha Hutch. fuelwood (Shangali et al. 1998).
(1) Coffea spp. Rubiaceae = mpucha, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
(2) Coffea eugenioides Rubiaceae = mpucha, Ibumu village and Image Forest Reserve (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also
S.Moore recorded as mukatsa (q.v.), musebele (q.v.) and mutabagila (q.v.).
muputi (1) Maesa lanceolata Forssk., Myrsinaceae = mputi, Udzungwa (Rodger and Mwasumbi n.d.). See also mukuti, muguti,
munguti, koti, likoti, mukosi, and mutandu.
(2) Markhamia acuminata Bignoniaceae = mputi, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as muswati
(Klotzsch) K.Schum. (q.v.) and musumamela (q.v.). [check the botanical name]
mupwanga Vitex doniana Sweet Verbenaceae = mpwanga, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber, fuelwood, edible
fruits, and is a source of wild honey (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
mufudu (q.v.), mufudululenga (q.v.), and mukoge (q.v).
musada (1) Vangueria infausta Burch. Rubiaceae = msada, Vangueria sp. cf. V.tomentosa, recorded in the Mkimbizi area by Ruffo
and Mtui (1980) as a source of fuelwood, poles and edible fruits. In their list of
names from Udzungwa, Rodgers and Mwasumbi (n.d.) also record musada for
unspecified Vangueria sp. In Mufindi msada, V.infausta, has been noted as a
source of medicine for treating gonorrhoea, as well as of edible fruits (MBG n.d.).
Also recorded as musambalawe (q.v.) and muzanzo (q.v.). The name mwindu
(q.v.) has been recorded for a Vangueria sp. which may well be V.infausta.
(2) Vangueria Rubiaceae = = msada, V.acutiloba, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). This species is
madagascariensis Gmel. also called musambalawe (q.v.).
musakasaka (1) Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Santalaceae = msakasaka (Nahonyo et al. 1998).
Steudel
(2) Maerua decumbens Capparaceae = msakasaka, Courbonia glauca (Klotzsch) Gilg & Bened. (Verdcourt and Trump
(Brongn.) De Wolf 1969). = msakasaka, C.glauca (Klotzsch) Gilg & Bened. (Nahonyo et al. 1998).
Also recorded as musokasoka (q.v.) and musalale (q.v.). Verdcourt and Trump
(1962) give the cognates saka and saka-saka as Gogo names for the same sp.
musalale Maerua decumbens (Brongn.) Capparaceae = Courbonia glauca (Klotzsch) Gilg & Bened. (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Also
De Wolf recorded as musakasaka (q.v.) and musokasoka (q.v.).
musalatusi Asplenium elliottii C.H.Wright Aspleniaceae = msalatusi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a fern (Shangali et al. 1998).
musambalawe (1) Vangueria apiculata Rubiaceae = msambalawe, E.A. 13233 (Redmayne n.d.).
K.Schum.
(2) Vangueria infausta Burch. Rubiaceae = msambalawe, V.tomentosa Hochst., E. A. 13274 (Redmayne n.d.). Recorded in
the Mkimbizi area (as msambalawe, Vangueria sp. cf. V.tomentosa) by Ruffo and
Mtui (1980), who were told that it is a source of fuelwood, poles, and edible
fruits. Also listed (as msambalawe, V.infausta) by Mbuya et al. (1994), giving the
English name Wild Medlar. [also Nahonyo et al.?] Alternative names recorded for
this shrub or tree are msada (q.v.) and mzanzo (q.v.).
(3) Vangueria Rubiaceae = V.acutiloba Robyns, E.A. 13276 (Redmayne n.d.). = msambalawe (Nahonyo et al.
madagascariensis Gmel. 1998).
(4) Ehretia cymosa Thonn. Boraginaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). In this source the name is printed as
msambalow, presumed here to be a mistake for musambalawe.
musambalawe- Vangueriopsis lanciflora Rubiaceae = msambalawe-lulenga, Mkimbizi area: edible fruits (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also
lulenga [authority?] listed (as msambalwe-lulenga) by Mbuya et al. (1994), who give the English name
Crooked False Medlar.
musangalabua Erythrophloeum suaveolens Caesalpiniaceae = msangalabua, in Gogo msangala (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as
(Guill. & Perr.) Brenan mukungugu (q.v.), mwafu (q.v.), and mwahi (q.v.).
musasamlo Pavetta schumanniana Rubiaceae = msasamlo, Mkimbizi area: used for firewood and as an ingredient in cough
[authority?] medicine (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Compare mwisasamulu (q.v.) recorded for an
undetermined Pavetta sp. Cf. mwasamlo. [check botanical name]
musani (1) Brachystegia bussei Harms Caesalpiniaceae = msani (Nahonyo et al.). Also recorded as mulindimila (q.v.), mutelela (q.v.),
and muyombe (q.v.).
(2) Brachystegia microphylla Caesalpiniaceae = msani, msaani, Chita area by Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and
Harms Mwasumbi n.d.). = msani, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber,
fuelwood and charcoal (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mugela (q.v.),
muhani (q.v.), and mupembedza (q.v.).
musanze Crossopteryx febrifuga Rubiaceae = msanze (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mufyuwi (q.v.) and musasati
(G.Don) Benth. (q.v.).
musasati (1) Uvariodendron Annonaceae = msasati, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
oligocarpum Verdc. muhangama (q.v.).
(2) Xylopia aethiopica (Dunal) Annonaceae = msasati, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
A.Rich. kipulula (q.v.).
(3) Crossopteryx febrifuga Rubiaceae = msasati, Chita area by Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and Mwasumbi
(G.Don) Benth. n.d.). Also recorded as mufyuwi (q.v.) and musanze (q.v.).
(4) Vitex mombassae Vatke Verbenaceae = msasati, Mkimbizi area: has edible fruits (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = msasati, same
name in Nyaturu and Nyiramba, Smelly Berry Vitex in English (Mbuya et al. 1994).
= msasati, Mahuninga: leaves crushed, soaked and applied to eyes to treat eye
defects (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mufudululenga (q.v.).
(5) Vitex payos (Lour.) Merr. Verbenaceae = msasati (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mufudululenga (q.v.).
musawula (1) Parinari curatellifolia Chryso- = msawola, Hehe and Malangali (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = msawala,
Benth. balanaceae Mkimbizi area: has edible fruits and provides fuelwood; = msavula, Mafinga: with
edible fruits; msaula, Nyololo in Mufindi District: provides fuelwood and edible
fruits; = musawula, Mgololo in Mufindi District: has edible fruits (Ruffo and Mtui
1980). = msawola, msawula (Mbuya et al. 1994). = msaula, Uzungwa Scarp Forest
Reserve: tree provides edible fruits and fuelwood (Shangali et al. 1998). =
msaula, Wangama (Moyer). This tree has related names in many Tanzanian
languages, probably because it is very widely distributed. Known as Fever Tree
and Mobola Plum in English.
(2) Parinari excelsa Sabine Chryso- = msabula (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = msaula, Udzungwa and Chita
balanaceae area by Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = msaula,
Mufindi: bark used with other plant ingredients for treatment of stomach-ache
(MBG n.d.). = msaula, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: tree provides edible fruits,
fuelwood, timber, and is used for making bridges (Shangali et al. 1998).
musebele (1) Sclerochiton boivinii Acanthaceae = msebele, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
C.B.Cl.
(2) Margaritaria discoidea Euphorbiaceae = msebele, also in Gogo (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukwambe
(Baill.) Webster (q.v.), munyanga (q.v.), mupuga (q.v.), and mutododosi (q.v.).
* (3) Pennisetum americanum Gramineae = musebele, P.typhoides (Burm.f.) Stapf & Hubbard, Mgololo in Mufindi District: a
(L.) K.Schum. cereal (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). This is the grain crop generally called Bulrush or
Pearl Millet in East Africa. It originates in tropical Africa, possibly in the Sahel
zone of West Africa (Purseglove 1972: 205).
(4) Lepidotrichilia volkensii Meliaceae = msebele, Mkimbizi area: with medicinal uses (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also
(Gürke) Leroy recorded as mupilipili (q.v.).
(5) Coffea eugenioides Rubiaceae = msebere, Ibumu village and Image Forest Reserve (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also
S.Moore recorded as mukatsa (q.v.), mupucha (q.v.), and mutabagila (q.v.). Known in
Kenya as Nandi Coffee.
musengela (1) Bauhinia petersiana Bolle Caesalpiniaceae = msengera, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides poles and fuelwood and has
medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mugobwali (q.v.),
muhakwe (q.v.), mukomba (q.v.), and mwasamlo (q.v.).
(2) Allanblackia ulugurensis Guttiferae = msengera, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber, poles
Engl. and fuelwood, and has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
mukani (q.v.). [check botanical name]
mutsetsefwa Rhus natalensis Krauss Anacardiaceae Mkimbizi area [?]: fuelwood, edible fruits (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also called
muhehefu (q.v.), musesembwa (q.v.), and mutunumbi (q.v.). mutsetsefwa and
musesembwa are probably close linguistic relatives.
musesembwa Rhus natalensis Krauss Anacardiaceae = msesembwa, Mkimbizi area [?]: fuelwood, edible fruits (Ruffo and Mtui 1980).
Also called muhehefu (q.v.), mutunumbi (q.v.), and mutsetsefwa (q.v.). The
latter is probably linguistically related to musesembwa.
musilahenge Aeschynomene abyssinica Papilionaceae E.A. 13204, 13207 (Redmayne n.d.).
(A.Rich.) Vatke
mutsimutsimu Begonia meyeri-johannis Engl. Begoniaceae = mtsimutsimu, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
1998).
musisi Arundinaria alpina K.Schum. Gramineae = msisi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a bamboo which provides poles and is used
for weaving and thatching (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mudenge (q.v.)
and mulansi (q.v.). Called Mountain Bamboo in English.
musisina Diospyros whyteana (Hiern) Ebenaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber, fuelwood, and has
F.White, medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as nyakatitu (q.v.). [check
botanical name]
musokasoka Maerua decumbens (Brongn.) Capparaceae = msokasoka, Courbonia edulis Gilg. & Ben. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962).
De Wolf Also recorded as musakasaka (q.v.) and musalale (q.v.). [a mistranscription of
musakasaka?]
musolang’anga Asparagus falcatus Liliaceae = msolang’anga, Kiwele area and Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses
(Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Cf. palakanga, lipalakanga, lupalakanga, kapalang’anga,
likalakanga, and madang’anga. [check botanical name]
musolo Pseudolachnostylis Euphorbiaceae = msolo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides firewood and has
maprouneifolia Pax var. medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). P. maprouneifolia is also recorded as
maprouneifolia Pax memena (q.v.), munyaluhanga (q.v.), and mutungulu (q.v.).
musonga Diplorhynchus condylocarpon Apocynaceae = msonga (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mufilani (q.v.) and mutogo
(Muell. Arg.) Pichon (q.v.). Verdcourt and Trump (1969) give msanga as Nyamwezi and Sukuma;
msongati as Bende and Nyamwezi; and msongea from an unidentified source. The
Rift Valley name for this species therefore patterns with one of the names in West
Tanzanian languages – and the Udzungwa name with Northeast Coast and Rufiji-
Ruvuma languages.
musosa Ficus vasta Forssk. Moraceae = F.wakefieldii Hutch. (Redmayne n.d.).
mutsululusi Nephrolepis biserrata Davaliaceae = mtsululusi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a fern (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. the
(Swartz.) Schott. cognate masululusi, also sulu [check botanical name]
musumbati Pachystela brevipes (Baker) Sapotaceae = msumbati, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
Engl. mukelegeti (q.v.).
musungula Rourea orientalis Baill. Connaraceae = msungula (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as kinavilafi (q.v.), kinyavalafi
(q.v.), and liyenzi (q.v.).
mutabagila Coffea eugenioides S.Moore Rubiaceae = mtabagira, Ibumu village and Image Forest Reserve (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also
recorded as mukatsa (q.v.), mupucha (q.v.), and musebele (q.v.).
mutambala- Dracaena laxissima Engl. Agavaceae = mtambalangwense, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
ngwense kidetema (q.v.), lusungulutu (q.v.), mudetele (q.v.), and muvalambi (q.v.).
mutamila Ziziphus abyssinica A.Rich. Rhamnaceae = mtamila, Mkimbizi area: used for firewood and building poles (Ruffo and Mtui
1980). Name recorded more frequently as mutanula (q.v.). [Is mutamila an error
of transcription?]
mutandagasi Strychnos pungens Solered Loganiaceae = mtandagas [sic.] (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). More frequently recorded
as mutangadasi (q.v.).
mutandu Maesa lanceolata Forssk. Myrsinaceae = mtandu, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). See also mukuti, muguti,
munguti, muputi, koti, likoti, and mukosi; all recorded as names for the same
tree. Cf. litandu, which may be linguistically cognate.
mutangadasi (1) Strychnos pungens Solered Loganiaceae = mtangadasi (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mutandagasi (q.v.).
(2) Strychnos spinosa Lam. Loganiaceae = mtangadas [sic.] (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mtangadasi, Mkimbizi
area: provides poles (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = mtangadasi, also in Sangu; Elephant
Orange or Spiny Monkey Ball, in English (Mbuya et al. 1994). = mtangadasi
(Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mungulungulu (q.v.).
mutanganego Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Vitaceae = mtanganego, Mkimbizi area (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as litogonigo
Wild & Drum. (q.v.), lilogonego (q.v.), mutonganego (q.v.), litenganego (q.v.), toganigo (q.v.),
and mukelekete (q.v.).
mutanula (1) Ziziphus abyssinica A.Rich. Rhamnaceae = Z.abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich., E.A. 13205 (Redmayne n.d.). Name also
recorded as mutamila (q.v.).
Z.abyssinica is a tree, shrub or climber with ‘zig-zag’ branchlets, ‘mostly armed
with single or paired curved thorns to 12mm’ (Beentje 1994: 359). The following
Hehe riddle recorded by Redmayne plays upon this characteristic: ‘Kili pa
mutanula sitola’, ‘It is in the mutanula tree and it cannot be taken out’, or
(depending on the answer) ‘It is in the mutanula tree and he does not take it’.
Redmayne records two different answers to this riddle, as follows. (1) ‘Inzala’,
‘Hunger’. Redmayne explains: ‘Hunger which cannot be taken out of the stomach
is likened to something hidden in the very thorny mutanula tree. Sitola is active
but here it is used instead of the passive form sitolwa. (2) ‘Muhasavo’, ‘Your
sister (or your parallel cousin)’. Redmayne: ‘Kutola munu “to take a person” is an
expression often used for a man marrying a wife. A Hehe man cannot marry
anyone he calls muhasa, i.e. his sisters and parallel cousins’ (1970: 809, Nos.103
and 104).
(2) Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Rhamnaceae = mtanula (Mbuya et al. 1994). = mtanula (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Indian Jujube
or Geb in English.
(3) Ziziphus mucronata Willd. Rhamnaceae = mtanula (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mtanula (Nahonyo et al. 1998). =
mtanula, Wangama (Moyer). Called Buffalo Thorn in English.
mutati Dombeya cincinata Sterculiaceae = mtati (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Nahonyo et al. also give this as the Gogo name for
[authority?] D.cincinata, and the Hehe record is probably a loanword from Gogo (assuming that
it has not been misidentified as Hehe). Cf. Hehe mulati (q.v.) and Gogo mtati for
D.rotundifolia. [check the sp. name and authority]
mutelela Brachystegia bussei Harms Caesalpiniaceae = mtelela, Ibumu village and Image Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood and ropes
(Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = mtelela, Large-leaved Brachystegia (Mbuya et al. 1994).
= mtelela (Nahonyo et al.). Also recorded as mulindimila (q.v.), musani (q.v.),
and muyombe (q.v.).
mutelya Ozoroa insignis Del. ssp. Anacardiaceae = mteria, Heeria insignis O.Ktze. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Other
reticulata (Bak.f.) Gillett recorded names for this shrub or tree are lihenwe (q.v.) and motaponsi (q.v.).
mutema Bauhinia sp. Caesalpiniaceae = mtema (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Cf. the names for B.petersiana: mugobwali,
muhakwe, mukomba, musengela, and mwasamlo.
mutetema Dracaena afromontana Agavaceae = mtetema, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mudetema
Mildbr. (q.v.) and kidetema (q.v.), with detema (q.v.) and ndetema (q.v.) for other
Dracaena spp. [mistranscribed?]
mutimbwi (1) Ormocarpum trichocarpum Papilionaceae E.A. 13241 (Redmayne n.d.).
(Taub.) Engl.
(2) Oromocarpum Papilionaceae = mtimbwi (Mbuya et al. 1994). Cognate with kitimbwi (q.v.) and also recorded as
trachycarpum (Taub.) Harms lungutiwa (q.v.).
mutitu Diospyros sp. Ebenaceae = mtitu, mutitu, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Cf. the cognates
nyakatitu and nyakititu.
muto Dombeya rotundifolia Sterculiaceae E.A. 13208 (Redmayne n.d.). Cognate with mutobo (q.v.). See also mkangatowo,
(Hochst.) Planch. mtungitowo, mukangatwe, and mlati. [should this be mutoo?]
mutobo Dombeya rotundifolia Sterculiaceae = mtobo (motobo), Dombeya sp. (D.rotundifolia), Udzungwa (Rodgers and
(Hochst.) Planch. Mwasumbi n.d.). This name is cognate with muto (q.v.) and the final element of
mukangatowo (q.v.) and mutungitowo (q.v.). Other names recorded for this tree
are mukangatwe (qv.) and mulati (q.v.).
mutododosi Margaritaria discoidea (Baill.) Euphorbiaceae = mtododosi, Phyllanthus discoideus Müll. Arg. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962).
Webster Also recorded as mukwambe (q.v.), munyanga (q.v.), mupuga (q.v.), and
musebele (q.v.).
mutogo Diplorhynchus condylocarpon Apocynaceae = mtogo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
(Muell. Arg.) Pichon Also recorded as mufilani (q.v.) and musonga (q.v.). Given as mtogo in Vidunda,
Luguru, Ngulu, Zigua and Rufiji; mtoo in Mbunga (Verdcourt and Trump 1969).
The Udzungwa name for this species therefore patterns with nearby Northeast
Coast and Rufiji-Ruvuma languages – and the Rift Valley name with West
Tanzanian languages.
mutona Phyllanthus inflatus Hutch. Euphorbiaceae = mtona, Chita area, Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and Mwasumbi
n.d.). This name is cognate with kitona (q.v.), recorded in Udzungwa for
(tentatively) P.muelleranus.
mutonganego Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Vitaceae = R.erythrodes (Fres.) Planch., E.A. 13242 (Redmayne n.d.). Also recorded as
Wild & Drum. mutanganego (q.v.), litenganego (q.v.), lilogonego (q.v.), litogonigo (q.v.),
toganigo (q.v.), and mukelekete (q.v.). All but the last of these names are
related.
mutonganigu Ampelocissus multistriata Vitaceae = mtonganigu, Chita area by Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and
[authority?] Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as litogonigo (q.v.) and lilogonego (q.v.). See also
mutonganego, mutanganego, litenganego, toganigo, and mukelekete.
mutono (1) Commiphora africana Burseraceae = mtono, C.pilosa Engl. (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = mtono, Kiwele area
(A.Rich.) Engl. and Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve: used for live fencing (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). =
mtono (Nahonyo et al. 1998). = mtono, Poison-grub Commiphora, Wangama
(Moyer).
Mkwawa’s first fort at Kalenga (then known as Ilinga, meaning ‘stockade’) is said
to have been fenced by mitono trees. This fort was visited by the French traveller
Victor Giraud in February 1883 (Redmayne 1964: 144-145, 164, citing Giraud 1890:
129 ff., and copying his illustration, 1890: 138). The stockade was built sometime
after Mkwawa’s return from exile in 1880 (Redmayne 1968: 47). The trees in
question were most likely one or more Commiphora spp.
(2) Commiphora eminii Engl. Burseraceae = C.zimmermannii Engl., E.A. 13210 (Redmayne n.d.).
(3) Commiphora iringensis Burseraceae = mitono (plural) (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). [check botanical name]
Engl.
(4) Commiphora Burseraceae = mtono, Kitelewasi area: used for live fencing (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). [check
mossambicensis [authority?] botanical name]
(5) Commiphora sp. Burseraceae = mtono, Ibumu village and Image Forest Reserve: used for live fencing (Ruffo and
Mtui 1980).
(6) Toddalia asiatica (L.) Lam. Rutaceae = mtono, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). The names kitanula (q.v.) and
litona (q.v.) have also been recorded for this liana.
mutopeta Annona senegalensis Pers. Annonaceae = mtopeta, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a source of fuelwood and tool handles
(Shangali et al. 1998). Wild Custard Apple or Wild Soursop in English.
mutoto Uapaca nitida Muell. Arg. Euphorbiaceae = mtoto, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree with edible fruits and a source of
poles, fuelwood, charcoal, and beehives (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical
name]
mutugutu (1) Vernonia auriculifera Hiern Compositae = mtugutu, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
(2) Vernonia lasiopus O.Hoffm. Compositae E.A. 13261 (Redmayne n.d.). Also recorded as libaha (q.v.).
(3) Vernonia myriantha Compositae = mtugutu, V.subuligera O.Hoffm., Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). =
Hook.f. mtogoto (Mbuya et al. 1994). = mtugutu, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub
used medicinally, also a good source of pollen for bees and therefore honey
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as tugutu (q.v.) and ndulusya (q.v.).
(4) Vernonia spp. Compositae According to Redmayne (n.d.) this name applies to other Vernonia spp., as well as
V.lasiopus (see above).
mutumbatumba Ximenia americana L. Olacaceae = mtumbatumba, X.americana and X.caffra at Mkimbizi, both with edible fruits
(Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded with the names mingi (q.v.), mutundwa
(q.v.), and mwitunda (q.v.).
mutumbi Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Bignoniaceae Wangama (Moyer). This species, the Sausage Tree, is widely known by the name
mfumbi (q.v.). [Is mutumbi a mistake for mufumbi?]
mutundila Acalypha chirindica S.Moore Euphorbiaceae = mtundila, E.A. 13267 (Redmayne n.d.).
mutundu Brachystegia longifolia Benth. Caesalpiniaceae = mtundu (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Idodi Division: provides timber
(Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mukwe (q.v.) and muyombwe (q.v.).
mutundwa Ximenia americana L. Olacaceae = mtundwa, E.A. 13271 (Redmayne n.d.). = mutundwa, pl. mitundwa (Mudemu
n.d.). = mtundwa, X.americana and X.caffra at Mkimbizi, both with edible fruits
(Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = mtundwa, X.caffra (Nahonyo et al. 1998). The names
mwitunda (q.v.), mutumbatumba (q.v.), and mingi (q.v.) have also been recorded
for this tree or shrub, which is called the Sour or Wild Plum in English (Beentje
1994). The Hehe names mutundwa and mwitunda presumably refer to these
fruits.
mutungalunga, Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) Rosaceae = mitungarunga, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
mitungalunga, J.F.Gmel. mudobole (q.v.), mugetwa (q.v.), and mwelesi ~ mweletsi (q.v.).
3/4
mutungitowo Dombeya rotundifolia Sterculiaceae = mtungitowo, Sao Hill: a source of firewood and tool handles (Ruffo and Mtui
(Hochst.) Planch. 1980). The final element of this name relates it to mutobo (q.v.), muto (q.v.) and
mukangatowo (q.v.), and therefore also mukangatwe (q.v.). mulati (q.v.) has also
been recorded as a Hehe name for this tree.
mutungulu Pseudolachnostylis Euphorbiaceae = mtungulu (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as memena (q.v.),
maprouneifolia Pax munyaluhanga (q.v.), and musolo (q.v.).
mutunumbi (1) Rhus longipes Engl. Anacardiaceae = mtunumbi, Mufindi (MBG n.d.).
(2) Rhus natalensis Krauss Anacardiaceae = mtunumbi, Rhus sp. cf. R.natalensis, Mkimbizi area: edible fruits used in local
brew [and also used a source of firewood?]; R.natalensis, Kitelewasi: firewood
(Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also listed, as mtunumbi, by Mbuya et al. (1994). Other
recorded names for this species are muhehefu (q.v.), musesembwa (q.v.), and
mutsetsefwa (q.v.).
(3) Rhus vulgaris Meikle Anacardiaceae Mafinga: firewood (Ruffo and Mtui 1980).
mututumu Catunaregam spinosa Rubiaceae = mtutumu, Xeromphis obovata; Chita area / Udzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve
(Thunb.) Tirvengadum (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). This species has also been recorded with the
names mufulofulo (q.v.) and mupongolo ((q.v.).
muvalala Harungana madagascariensis Guttiferae = mvalala, muvalala, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
Poir. mbalala (q.v.), muvavala (q.v.), muvata (q.v.), and kisyembadanda (q.v.).
muvalambi (1) Dracaena laxissima Engl. Agavaceae = mvalambi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used as toothbrushes (Shangali et al.
1998). Also recorded as kidetema (q.v.), lusungulutu (q.v.), mudetele (q.v.),
mutambalangwense (q.v.), and muvalambi (q.v.).
(2) Rawsonia lucida Harv. & Flacourtiaceae = mvalambi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides fuelwood
Sond. (Shangali et al. 1998).
(3) Rawsonia reticulata Gilg. Flacourtiaceae = mvalambi, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
(4) Xymalos monospora Monimiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mukombamwiko (q.v.).
(Harv.). Warb. [check authority]
muvalugosi Swartzia madagascariensis Caesalpiniaceae = mvaalugos (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as mulyasenga
Desv. (q.v.) and muking’inasenga (q.v.).
muvambala- (1) Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Santalaceae = muvambalafidunda, O.compressa (Berg.) A.DC., E.A. 13232 (Redmayne n.d.). =
fidunda Steudel muvambalafidunda, mvamvalavidunda (Mbuya et al. 1994). An alternative form of
the name is muvambala-kidunda (q.v.). Also recorded as musakasaka (q.v.).
Referred to in English as East African Sandalwood.
(2) Terminalia spinosa Engl. Combretaceae (Nahonyo et al. 1998).
muvambala- Osyris lanceolata Hochst. & Santalaceae = mvambalakidunda, Osyris compressa, Mkimbizi area: used as firewood (Ruffo
kidunda Steudel and Mtui 1980). Alternatively muvambala-fidunda (q.v.) and also recorded as
musakasaka (q.v.).
muvambandusi ~ (1) Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Balanitaceae = mvambandusi, Kiwele area and Kitapilimwa Forest Reserve: provides tool
muvambandutsi Del. handles and fodder (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as muduguya (q.v.).
(2) Balanites pedicellaris Balanitaceae Also muvambandusi in Gogo (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as muduguya
Mildbr. & Schlecht. (q.v.).
(3) Maytenus senegalensis Celastraceae = mvambandusi, Mkimbizi area: provides fuelwood, tool handles, and substitute
(Lam.) Exell nails from its thorns; Mafinga: used for making tool handles; Nyololo in Mufindi
District: provides fuelwood, poles, and tool handles. = mvambandutsi, Kitelewasi
area: provides fuelwood, substitute nails from the thorns, and a medicine for
stomach-ache from the leaves (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as kisugi
(q.v.), mubondo (q.v.), and mwifwikakavili (q.v.).
muvanga Zanha africana(Radlk.). Exell Sapindaceae Given by Vercourt and Trump (1969) as an alternative name for kivanga (q.v.).
muvata Harungana madagascariensis Guttiferae = mvata, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mbalala
Poir. (q.v.), muvalala (q.v.), muvavala (q.v.), and kisyembadanda (q.v.). Cf. muvavata
for Harungana sp.
muvava (1) Hibiscus diversifolius Jacq. Malvaceae = muvava, mvava, H.diversifolius subsp. witheanus, Mkimbizi area: used to make
ropes (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as linyangamabele (q.v.) and
muhangana (q.v.).
(2) Gnidia glauca (Fresen.) Thymeleaceae = mivava (plural), Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
Gilg livana (q.v.).
muvavala Harungana madagascariensis Guttiferae = mvavala, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mbalala
Poir. (q.v.), muvalala (q.v.), muvata (q.v.), and kisyembadanda (q.v.).
muvavata Harungana sp. Guttiferae = mvavata, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber, poles,
fuelwood, and is used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. the interrelated
names of H.madagascariensis: mbalala, muvalala, muvavala, and muvata.
muvembanagi Podocarpus latifolius (Thunb.) Podocarpaceae = mvembanagi, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
Mirb. muvembanyigo (q.v.). Cf. mupodo.
muvembanyigo (1) Podocarpus latifolius Podocarpaceae (Mbuya et al. 1994). Also recorded as muvembanagi (q.v.). This name is cognate
(Thunb.) Mirb. with mbembanigo (q.v.). Cf. mupodo.
(2) Podocarpus usambarensis Podocarpaceae (Mbuya et al. 1994).
Pilger
muvengi, (1) Eugenia capensis (Eckl. & Myrtaceae = muvenge, mwenge, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
mivengi, 3/4 Zeyh.) Sond.
(2) Syzygium cordatum Krauss Myrtaceae = muvengi, pl. mivengi (Mudemu n.d.). = S.cordatum, corrected by hand to
S.guineense, Mkimbizi area: has edible fruits (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = muvengi,
Kinga imivengi (plural), Water-berry Tree (Mbuya et al. 1994). Also recorded as
muhuu (q.v.).
(3) Syzygium guineense Myrtaceae = muvenge, ‘Zungwe’; muvengi, Hehe, ‘Zungwa’ (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk
(Willd.) DC. 1962). = muvengi, Mkimbizi area: edible fruits; Mafinga: has edible fruits and
provides fuelwood (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). = muvenge, mwenge, Udzungwa
(Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = muvengi, Water Berry (Mbuya et al. 1994). =
mvengi (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mulenge (q.v.).
muvinditi Dasylepis integra Warb. Flacourtiaceae = mvinditi, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides poles and is used
to make pestles (Shangali et al. 1998).
muvolovolo Cylicomorpha parviflora Urb. Caricaceae = mvolvolo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used to make beehives (Shangali et al.
1998). Also recorded as mubuyu (q.v.) and mulindima (q.v.).
muvuhalatango Securidaca longipedunculata Polygalaceae = mvuhalatango (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as
Fres. muhulatangu (q.v.), munyumfu (q.v.), and mulyasenga (q.v.).
muvulugu (1) Abutilon sp. Malvaceae = muwulugu, E.A. 13217 (Redmayne n.d.).
(2) Croton macrostachyus Del. Euphorbiaceae = muwulugu, E.A. 13268, C.macrostachys [sic.] Hochst. ex A.Rich. (Redmayne
n.d.). Recorded by Ruffo and Mtui (1980) in a number of locations: in Ibumu
village and Image Forest Reserve as a source of fuelwood; at Sao Hill, Mufindi,
with the same use; (as muvuluga) at Nyololo, Mufindi, as a shade tree and source
of fuel; and at Mgololo in Mufindi District also as a fuelwood tree. Mbuya et al.
(1994) record the same name (muvulugu) as well as related names in languages
elsewhere in the region (Bena, Nyiha, Nyakyusa). Locally it is probably cognate
with muhulugu (q.v.), recorded in Udzungwa, and also muhugu (q.v.). Other
Hehe names recorded for the same tree are mulungu (q.v.) and mupongolo (q.v.).
muvumbala Anthocleista grandiflora Gilg Loganiaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mbala (q.v.), mumbala
(q.v.), and muguhuguhu (q.v.).
muvyokovyoko Uvaria sp. Annonaceae = mvyokovyoko, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998).
Cf. also the cognate mbokovoko.
muyombe Brachystegia bussei Harms Caesalpiniaceae (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mulindimila (q.v.), musani (q.v.), and
mutelela (q.v.).
muyombo Brachystegia spiciformis Caesalpiniaceae = myombo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber, poles, fuelwood and
Benth. ropes (Shangali et al. 1998). Wangama (Moyer). Also recorded as mukwe (q.v.),
mupinati (q.v.), and ndagula (q.v.). Cf. the related muyombe (q.v.) and
muyombwe (q.v.).
muyombwe Brachystegia longifolia Benth. Caesalpiniaceae = myomwe (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). = myombwe, Mkimbizi area:
provides fuelwood and ropes (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as mukwe (q.v.)
and mutundu (q.v.).
muyoyelandege Hoslundia opposita Vahl Labiatae = ‘Kihehe, Kisagala’ (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Also recorded as kinunganunga
(q.v.) and vesungula (q.v.).
muzanzo Vangueria infausta Burch. Rubiaceae = mzanzo, V.rotundata Robyns, E.A. 13279 (Redmayne n.d.). Also recorded as
musada (q.v.) and musambalawe (q.v.). [check the unusual phonology]
muzunguzungu Ageratum conyzoides L. Compositae = mzunguzungu, a herb, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as nosa (q.v.).
mwafu Erythrophloeum suaveolens Caesalpiniaceae = muafu (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Also recorded as mukungugu (q.v.),
(Guill. & Perr.) Brenan musangalabua (q.v.), and mwahi (q.v.).
mwahasa ~ (1) Cyperus distans L. Cyperaceae = mwahatsa, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: sedge used for thatching (Shangali et
mwahatsa al. 1998). Also recorded as haala (q.v.). Cf. the cognate lwahasa. [check
botanical name]
(2) Buddleia salviifolia (L.) Loganiaceae = mwahasa, Hehe, ‘Fuagi’ (i.e. Fwagi) (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962).
Lam. Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as muhahasa (q.v.).
mwahi Erythrophloeum suaveolens Caesalpiniaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as mukungugu (q.v.),
(Guill. & Perr.) Brenan musangalabua (q.v.), and mwafu (q.v.).
mwale Afzelia quanzensis Welw. Caesalpiniaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides timber, poles and firewood (Shangali et
al. 1998). Also recorded as mbambakofi (q.v.), mufunguji (q.v.), and mulindimila
(q.v.).
mwambula Thunbergia sp. Acanthaceae = mwambura, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: with medicinal uses (Shangali et al.
1998).
mwasamlo Bauhinia petersiana Bolle Caesalpiniaceae = mwasamlo (Nahonyo et al. 1998). Also recorded as mugobwali (q.v.), muhakwe
(q.v.), mukomba (q.v.), and musengela (q.v.). Cf. musasamlo, mwisasamulu.
mwefi Erythrococca sp. Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998).
mwelesi ~ (1) Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) Rosaceae = mweretsi, mweretzi, H.anthelmintica J.F.Gmel., ‘Zungwa’ [Hora 1940]. =
mweletsi J.F.Gmel. mwelesi or lwelesi (q.v.): ‘I was unable to obtain a specimen of this but it is said
to grow on the edges of streams. In Check-Lists [Hora 1940], p.307, there are two
entries for the Kisungwa dialect of highland Uhehe which appear to be variations
of this name, mweretsi and mweretzi both given as Hagenia anthelmintica
J.F.Gmel.’ (Redmayne 1969: 39). Redmayne’s informants suggested that mwelesi
or lwelesi might be the plant called kierezi (? kyelesi, q.v.) by Weck (1908), used
in treating discharges of pus from the ear (lugosi) (Redmayne 1969: 34, 37). Other
names recorded for H.abyssinica are mudobole (q.v.), mugetwa (q.v.), and
mutungalunga (q.v.).
(2) Kotschya sp. Papilionaceae = mweletsi, Mgololo in Mufindi District (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Compare lwelesi ~
lweletsi (q.v.), identified as both K.recurvifolia and Cassia kirkii.
mwendi Marsdenia abyssinica (Hochst.) Asclepiadiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. the possibly cognate
Schltr. name lwendi. [check botanical name]
mwesa Bridelia micrantha (Hochst.) Euphorbiaceae (Mbuya et al. 1994). Also recorded as mwisa ~ mwitsa (q.v.), muhapi (q.v.), and
Baill. mupalang’ang’a (q.v.). mwesa may be a mistake for mwisa. Mbuya et al. also
record a number of related names in other languages: Nyakyusa mwisya; Luguru
mwiza; Zigua mweza; Sambaa muiza, mwiza; Pare mwira (muvira in Verdcourt
and Trump 1962).
mwifwikakavili Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Celastraceae Kitelewasi area: provideds fuelwood, substitute nails from the thorns, and a
Exell medicine for stomach ache from the leaves (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded
as kisugi (q.v.), mubondo (q.v.), and muvambandusi ~ muvambandutsi (q.v).
mwikose (1) Justicia anisophylla Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
(Mildbr.) Brummitt
(2) Justicia nyassana Lindau Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: used for fodder (Shangali et al. 1998).
(3) Thunbergia petersiana Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical name and
Lindan authority]
mwindu Vangueria sp. Rubiaceae Mufindi: provides firewood and building poles, as well as edible fruits which are
also taken by baboons (MBG n.d.). These uses overlap with those recorded for
V.infausta, and it is possible that this is the species referred to. Otherwise it
should be noted that other names for Vangueria spp. – musada (q.v.) and
musambalawe (q.v.) – are applied generically, and therefore this may well also be
the case with mwindu.
mwisa ~ mwitsa (1) Bridelia brideliifolia (Pax) Euphorbiaceae = mwisa, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). [check botanical name]
Fedde
This name may be cognate with lwisa (q.v.).
(2) Bridelia micrantha Euphorbiaceae = mwisa, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = mwitsa, Uzungwa Scarp
(Hochst.) Baill. Forest Reserve: used for medicine, firewood, dye, making beehives, and timber
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mwesa (q.v.), muhapi (q.v.), and
mupalang’ang’a (q.v.).
mwisasamulu Pavetta sp. aff. P.oliverana Rubiaceae E.A. 13278 (Redmayne n.d.). Compare musasamlo (q.v.), recorded for
Hiern P.schumanniana. Cf. mwasamlo.
mwitsukulu Cryptocarya liebertiana Engl. Lauraceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber and fuelwood
(Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as muguluka (q.v.) and muhulo (q.v.).
mwitunda Ximenia americana L. Olacaceae = X.caffra, at Wangama (Moyer). Other recorded names for this tree or shrub are
mingi (q.v.), mutumbatumba (q.v.), and mutundwa (q.v.).
namugoha (1) Berkheya echinacea Compositae = namgoha, a herb, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Cribb
O.Hoffm. and Leedal note that this plant can be seen ‘in west Mufindi always growing in
grassland and mostly above 1650 m’ (1983: 151). [check botanical name]
(2) Laggera alata (D.Don.) Compositae = namgoha, a herb, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). [check
Oliv. botanical name]
(3) Vernonia glabra (Steetz) Compositae = namgoha, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally (Shangali et
Vatke al. 1998). Cf. linyangoha. [check botanical name]
navahongo Schizozygia coffaeoides Baill. Apocynaceae = nawahongo, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as
kinawingongoli (q.v.) and kitelutelu (q.v.). Cf. nyavihongo.
ndago Cyperus sp. nr. C.elegantulus Cyperaceae Mafinga: a weed (Ruffo and Mtui 1980).
[authority?]
ndagula Brachystegia spiciformis Caesalpiniaceae (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as mukwe (q.v.), mupinati
Benth. (q.v.), and muyombo (q.v.).
ndete Phragmites mauritianus Gramineae Recorded by Redmayne in the following riddle: ‘Mwime mwambu na mwambu
Kunth. mwihomele indete’, ‘Stand side by side and fight each other with reeds’.
Answer: ‘Kwitwanza’, ‘To pound together’. Here two people people pounding at
the same mortar are likened to people fighting with reeds (1970: 810, No.113).
This name is presumed to have the same botanical identification as its linguistic
cognates: dete 9/10 (q.v.), kidete 7/8 (q.v.) and lidete 5/6 (q.v.). ndete is the
regular class 9/10 form based on the underlying noun stem –tete. The class 6
plural matete is also regular, but dete, kidete, and lidete are
‘irregular’ (unexpected) forms which may have originally derived from ndete by
extrapolation.
ndetema Dracaena spp. Agavaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Cognate with other terms recorded for
D.afromontana and D.usambarensis: detema (q.v.), kidetema (q.v.), mudetema
(q.v.) and mutetema (q.v.).
ndula (1) Solanum incanum L. Solanaceae Mkimbizi area: roots used as medicine for ‘epilepsy’, degedege (Ruffo and Mtui
1980). Degedege is a widely used Swahili term for an (any) illness which causes
small children to have fits. The equivalent Hehe term for the disease presumed to
cause these symptoms is nyavana, which ‘often refers to the convulsions
associated with the onset of measles in small children or with particularly severe
bouts of malaria’ (Redmayne 1969: 35). As Redmayne notes, there are ‘very many
different Hehe medicines which are supposed to cure nyavana’ (1969: 35). In the
Mufindi area, the roots of this shrub (ndula, S.incanum) have been recorded as
providing an infusion for the treatment of gonorrhoea (MBG n.d.). Alternative
names for this plant, the Sodom Apple, are the cognate terms ndulandula and
mudula (q.v.), and also the linguistically unrelated munusi (q.v.).
(2) Solanum indicum L. Solanaceae = indula (the name with preprefix), Solanum anguivi (MBG n.d.).
ndulandula Solanum incanum L. Solanaceae = ndula ndula (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). This is a reduplicated form of the
more widely recorded name ndula (q.v.), which in turn is cognate with mudula
(q.v.). Another recorded name for this plant, the Sodom Apple, is munusi (q.v.).
ndulusya Vernonia myriantha Hook.f. Compositae = V.subuligera O.Hoffm., Iringa (Watt and Breyer-Branwijk 1962). Also recorded
as mutugutu (q.v.) and tugutu (q.v.). Cf. lilulutsa.
ngelengasa Leucas deflexa Hook.f. Labiatae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb, used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as kihomonula (q.v.). Cf. ngingelengasa. [check botanical name]
ngelulila Senecio sp. Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb (Shangali et al. 1998).
ngiholawoga Aneilema aequinoctiale Commelinaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb (Shangali et al. 1998). [check authority]
(Beauv.) Kunth.
ngingelengasa Leonotis mollissima Gürke Labiatae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub, used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
Cf. ngelengasa.
ngolowoga (1) Commelina benghalensis L. Commelinaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb used as fodder (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf.
ngiholawoga [check authority]
(2) Commelina latifolia Commelinaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb used as fodder (Shangali et al. 1998). Also
A.Rich. recorded as nyakolowoga (q.v.). Cf. ngiholawoga [check authority]
ngonelavatwa Droogmansia whytei Schindl. Papilionaceae E.A. 13218 (Redmayne n.d.). Also recorded as mugonelatwa (q.v.) and
munyakwihonga (q.v.). [check botanical name]
ngulukanzila Cryptocarpa sp. Lauraceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber and fuelwood, and is
used for making beehives (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as memona (q.v.).
Cf. mugulakazila, muguluka.
ngulukila Agelanthus sansibarensis Loranthaceae = ngurkira [sic.], Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a parasite which provides
(Engl.) Polh. & Wiens birdlime and is also used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
wulimbo (q.v.). [check botanical name]
ngulu- Commelina africana L. Commelinaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb (Shangali et al. 1998).
mbwembwe
ninusi Mellera lobulata S.Moore Acanthaceae = ninussi, Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lihambwili
(q.v.). Compare kinusi, linusi, manusi, and munusi.
nosa Ageratum conyzoides L. Compositae (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Also recorded as muzunguzungu (q.v.). [is this a
mistake for nusa? It is described as a ‘rather smelly’ herb]
nyakaganza- (1) Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. Amaranthaceae Leaves used as a vegetable (Mallango et al. in prep.). Also recorded as linyali
kamwana (q.v.).
(2) Oxalis corniculata L. Oxalidaceae Leaves used as a vegetable, eaten raw or cooked (Mallango et al. in prep.).
nyakatitu (1) Agelaea pentagyna (Lam.) Connaraceae = Agelaea heterophylla Gilg., Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber used
Baill. medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as kinyavalafi (q.v.) and
likamanda (q.v.). Cf. nyakititu.
(2) Diospyros usambarensis Ebenaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides fuelwood and dye (Shangali
F.White et al. 1998). Cf. the cognates mutitu and nyakititu.
(3) Diospyros whyteana Ebenaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides timber, fuelwood, and has
(Hiern) F.White, medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as musisina (q.v.). [check
botanical name]
(4) Diospyros zombensis Ebenaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a tree which provides fuelwood and has medicinal
(B.L.Burtt) F.White, uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as nyakititu (q.v.). Cf. the cognate
mutitu.
nyakilumbi Clutia abyssinica Jaub. & Euphorbiaceae = nyakirumbi, (Watt and Breyer-Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded as kipwaga (q.v.),
Spach lupumo (q.v.), and lwisa (q.v.). Cf. munyakilumbe.
nyakisage Allophyllus africanus P.Beauv. Sapindaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as kibegesa (q.v.),
kwalevale (q.v.), and segelavahinza (q.v.); and cognate with munyakisagi (q.v.).
nyakitenge Hoslundia sp(p). Labiatae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.).
nyakititu (1) Diospyros zombensis Ebenaceae Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). According to Rodgers and Mwasumbi
(B.L.Burtt) F.White, this is a common name for smallish trees, referring to the dark background colour
of the tree. –titu means ‘black’, or ‘dark’ in Hehe. Also recorded as nyakatitu
(q.v.). Cf. the cognate mutitu.
(2) Turraea floribunda Hochst. Meliaceae Udzungwa and Chita area by Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and
Mwasumbi n.d.).
(3) Psychotria tanganyikensis Rubiaceae Udzungwa and Chita area by Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and
Verdc. Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lwegunda (q.v.).
nyakolowoga Commelina latifolia A.Rich. Commelinaceae Leaves used as a vegetable and animal feed, nyolowoga in Gogo (Mallango et al. in
prep.). Also recorded as nyakolowoga (q.v.). Cf. ngiholawoga [check authority]
nyaloma *Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Bignoniaceae = Tecomaria nyassae Baill. ex Schum., Hehe and ‘Zungwa’ (Watt and Breyer-
Spach ssp. nyassae (Oliv.) Brandwijk 1962). Also recorded with the possibly related names kinyalomo (q.v.)
Brummitt and nyalulume (q.v.), as well as leluni (q.v.), kipahoji (q.v.), lifipahosi (q.v.),
mufipahosi (q.v.), and mununu (q.v.). This is a cultivated ornamental called Cape
Honeysuckle in English. [check botanical name]
nyalubano Monodora sp. Annonaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
nyaludilo Hypoestes forskalei Acanthaceae = H.verticillaris R.Br., E.A. 13237 (Redmayne n.d.). [check botanical name]
[authority?]
nyalulume *Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Bignoniaceae = Tecomaria nyassae, Mafinga: grown as an ornamental and provides fuelwood
Spach ssp. nyassae (Oliv.) (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded with the possibly related names nyaloma
Brummitt (q.v.) and kinyalomo (q.v.), as well as leluni (q.v.), kipahoji (q.v.), lifipahosi
nyalumbwe- Chlorophytum filipendulum Anthericaeae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as mulelevati
mbwe Berk. (q.v.). Cf. lukumbwembwe.
nyamsitu Tarenna pavettoides (Harv.) Rubiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides firewood and withies (Shangali et al.
Sim. 1998). Also recorded as mukumbangobi (q.v.) and mupilipili (q.v.).
nyamtita Secamone sp. Asclepiadaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber that provides ropes (Shangali et al.
1998). Also recorded as lwamtita, class 11 (q.v.).
nyamului Gloriosa simplex L. Liliaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
lwida (q.v.), lwisa (q.v.), mugobogobo (q.v.), and vitosambili (q.v.). Known as
Glory Lily in English. [check botanical name]
nyasalasala Momordica foetida Schum. & Cucurbitaceae According to Mallango et al. (in prep.), the leaves of this plant are used as a
Thonn. vegetable, and also to prepare a medicine for degedege. Although glossed in the
text as ‘beriberi’ (a disease caused by vitamin deficiency) degedege is a widely
used Swahili term for any illness which causes small children to have fits. The
equivalent Hehe term for the disease presumed to cause these symptoms is
nyavana, which ‘often refers to the convulsions associated with the onset of
measles in small children or with particularly severe bouts of malaria’ (Redmayne
1969: 35). As Redmayne notes, there are ‘very many different Hehe medicines
which are supposed to cure nyavana’ (1969: 35).
Mallango et al. (in prep.) also report that juice made from the fruit of this plant is
used as a medicine for long-lasting fevers (Hehe: lugandaganda) and for treating
ankylostomiasis, hookworm infection (Swahili safura, translated in the text as
‘marasmus’, dry malnutrition).
This plant is also recorded with the name lisonyi (q.v.). In Gogo it is called by the
cognate term kisalasala. [check botanical name]
nyasungwa Aloe nuttii Bak. Aloeaceae = inyasungwa (with preprefix), Aloe sp., Kiwele area and Kitapilimwa Forest
Reserve: roots used to prepare a medicine ‘to hasten delivery in women’ (Ruffo
and Mtui 1980). Identified as A.nuttii by Mallango et al. (in prep.), who give
nyasungwa as a Dzungwa dialect name and provide the following information on
uses. The flowers of this are used as a vegetable. Liquid squeezed from the
leaves is used to treat Newcastle Disease (kideri) in poultry [check if this has a
wider reference – including fowl typhoid]. The roots are used as a medicine for
stomach pains in small babies, up to three months old. nyasungwa literally means
‘the elephant’s (plant)’, and is from the same nominal root as the name
Udzungwa (i.e. Usungwa) itself. See also the related names kitembwetembwe,
litembwetembwe, and litembo.
nyatoma Pentas bussei K.Krause Rubiaceae = natoma (assumed to be a mistranscription), nyatoma, Udzungwa (Rodgers and
Mwasumbi n.d.). Also recorded as lipembe-duma (q.v.) and sungasunga (q.v.).
Redmayne (who did not identify this shrub) recorded ‘food which has been cooked
on a fire of wood of the nyatoma tree’ (1964: 78) as one of the three food
avoidances (musilo, plural misilo) of all of the descendants and agnates of
Muyinga, i.e. members of the Hehe royal family (1964: 79, 87).
nyaudeke [undetermined sp.] Labiatae = Labiatae sp., E.A. 13280 (Redmayne n.d.).
nyautilili Acalypha fruticosa Forssk. Euphorbiaceae The leaves of this plant are used as a vegetable (Mallango et al. in prep.). Also
recorded as kitegelo (q.v.), lahongole (q.v.), and lusunguluti (q.v.).
nyavibala Helichrysum odoratissimum Compositae = nyawibala, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb with medicinal uses (Shangali
(L.) Less. et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
nyavihale Helichrysum schimperi (Sch.- Compositae = nyawihale, Mufindi, described as a common straggling herb to 1.5 m tall (MBG
Bip. ex A.Rich.) Moeser n.d.). Also recorded as libunda (q.v.) and mufufugala (q.v.). [check botanical
name]
nyavihongo (1) Rauvolfia mombasiana Apocynaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf.
Stapf nawahongo.
(2) Rauvolfia volkensii Apocynaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
(Schum.) Stapf
nyavihongo Rauvolfia mannii Stapf Apocynaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: has medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998). This
ndogo name translates as ‘the small Rauvolfia’: ndogo is Swahili for ‘small’ (class 9).
Also recorded with the related name kinawihongo (q.v.), and as mupilipili (q.v.).
nyongole Ocimum suave Willd. Labiatae Mkimbizi area: used medicinally (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also recorded as
kinung’anung’a (q.v.).
palakanga (1) Asparagus buchananii Bak. Liliaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. lipalakanga,
lupalakanga, kapalang’anga, likalakanga, madang’anga, and musolang’anga.
(2) Asparagus sateceus Liliaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a climber (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical
(Kunth.) Jessop name]
segelavahinza Allophyllus africanus P.Beauv. Sapindaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as kibegesa
(q.v.), kwalevale (q.v.), and nyakisage (q.v.). Cf. kisengelavahinza (q.v.).
suguluti Acalypha ornata A.Rich. Euphorbiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as kivaaga (q.v.). Cf. lusunguluti.
sulu Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Dennstaediaceae = isulu (with preprefix), Mkimbizi area: a weed (Ruffo and Mtui 1980). Also
recorded as lisilu (q.v.). Cf. masululusi, mutsululusi. Bracken Fern in English.
sunga (1) Emilia sagitata DC. Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb with medicinal uses (Shangali et al. 1998).
Cf. the reduplicated form of the name, sungasunga. [check botanical name]
(2) Launaea cornuta (Oliv. & Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb used as a vegetable and with medicinal
Hiern) C.Jeffrey uses (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
sungasunga (1) Sonchus oleraceus L. Compositae E.A. 13257 (Redmayne n.d.). Cf. sunga.
(2) Pentas bussei K.Krause Rubiaceae Chita area by Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). Also
recorded elsewhere in Udzungwa as nyatoma (q.v.) and lipembe-duma (q.v.).
sungu Lannea sp. Anacardiaceae = isungu (with preprefix), Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998).
swakalaswakala Setaria megaphylla (Stend) Gramineae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a grass used for thatching (Shangali et al. 1998).
Th.Dur. & Schiz.
tambulalivyovyo Solanecio mannii (Hook.f.) Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a herb with used medicinally (Shangali et al.
C.Jeffrey 1998).
toganigo Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) Vitaceae (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Also recorded as mutonganego (q.v.), mutanganego
Wild & Drum. (q.v.), litenganego (q.v.), lilogonego (q.v.), litogonigo (q.v.), and mukelekete
(q.v.).
tugutu (1) Vernonia amygdalina Del. Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998).
Also recorded as baha (q.v.).
(2) Vernonia myriantha Compositae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a shrub used medicinally, also a good source of
Hook.f. pollen for bees and therefore honey (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as
mutugutu (q.v.) and ndulusya (q.v.).
tulilafuno Justicia sp. Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Cf. kililafuno.
tundawasa Sorindeia madagascariensis Anacardiaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: provides fuelwood, poles, and edible fruits
DC. (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as muhulo (q.v.) and mupilipili (q.v.).
vesungula Hoslundia opposita Vahl Labiatae (Verdcourt and Trump 1969). Also recorded as kinunganunga (q.v.) and
muyoyelandege (q.v.). Cf. musungula.
vitosambili Gloriosa simplex L. Liliaceae (Verdcourt and Trump 1962). Also recorded as lwida (q.v.), lwisa (q.v.),
mugobogobo (q.v.) and nyamului (q.v.). Known as Glory Lily in English. [check
botanical name]
vivinganyalafi Justicia interupta (Lindau) Acanthaceae Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (Shangali et al. 1998). Compare kihunganyavalafi
C.B. (q.v.) and linganyalafi (q.v.).
wulimbo (1) Agelanthus sansibarensis Loranthaceae = ulimbo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a parasite which provides birdlime and is
(Engl.) Polh. & Wiens also used medicinally (Shangali et al. 1998). Also recorded as ngulukila (q.v.).
(2) Englerina inaequilatera Loranthaceae = ulimbo, Mufindi: described as a hemiparasite whose fruits are boiled down to
[authority?] make birdlime (MBG n.d.). [check botanical name]
(3) Englerina woodfordioides Loranthaceae = ulimbo, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a parasite which provides birdlime
Schweinf. (Shangali et al. 1998). [check botanical name]
(4) Loranthus spp. Loranthaceae = ulimbo, Loranthus spp., Udzungwa (Rodgers and Mwasumbi n.d.). = ulimbo,
Loranthus sp., Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve: a parasite which provides birdlime

Hehe Botanical Dictionary (Draft)

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HEHE BOTANICAL

Martin T. Walsh and David C. Moyer

The following text is part of a work in progress and

Why Compile this Dictionary? 1

The Ecology and Flora of Uhehe x

The Hehe and their Language x

How to Use this Dictionary x

PART ONE: HEHE-BOTANICAL GLOSSARY x

PART TWO: BOTANICAL-HEHE GLOSSARY xx

Crema, E. (1987) Sarufi ya Lugha ya Kihehe. Irole: privately printed.

Giraud, V. (1890) Les lacs de l’Afrique equatoriale. Paris.

Martin, G. J. (1995) Ethnobotany: A Methods Manual. London: Chapman & Hall.

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