Plants of Southern Africa (PDFDrive)

S T R E L I T Z I A 14
Plants of southern
Africa: an annotated
checklist
G. Germishuizen & N.L. Meyer

(Editors)
Pretoria
2003
S T R E L I T Z I A
This series has replaced Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa and
Annals of Kirstenbosch Botanic Gardens which the NBI inherited from its prede-
cessor organisations.
The genus Strelitzia occurs naturally in the eastern parts of southern Africa. It com-
prises three arborescent species, known as wild bananas, and two acaulescent
species, known as crane flowers or bird-of-paradise flowers. The logo of the
National Botanical Institute is based on the striking inflorescence of Strelitzia regi-
nae, a native of the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal that has become a garden
favourite worldwide. It symbolises the commitment of the National Botanical
Institute to promote the sustainable use, conservation, appreciation and enjoyment
of the exceptionally rich plant life of South Africa, for the benefit of all its people.
* See Bothalia 28: 271–297 (1998).
Technical Editor: Emsie du Plessis
Cover design: by Sandra Turck

incorporating images from the collections of the National Botanical Institute
How to cite this publication

The names of compilers appear directly below the family names and also below the genus names in some cases. A
reference to a family or genus treatment from the book should therefore be cited as in the examples below.
Family treatment:
ROUX, J.P. 2003. Pteridaceae. In G. Germishuizen & N.L. Meyer (eds), Plants of southern Africa: an annotated
checklist. Strelitzia 14: 80–83. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Genus treatment with compiler(s) given only for the family as a whole:
VICTOR, J.E., NICHOLAS, A., BRUYNS, P.V., VENTER, H.J.T. & GLEN, H.F. Asclepias. In G. Germishuizen
& N.L. Meyer (eds), Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14: 133–136. National
Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Genus treatment with compiler(s) also given for the individual genus:
RETIEF, E. 2003. Berkheya. In G. Germishuizen & N.L. Meyer (eds), Plants of southern Africa: an annotated
checklist. Strelitzia 14: 192–196. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
Citing the book as a single work:
GERMISHUIZEN, G. & MEYER, N.L. (eds) 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia
14. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
ISBN 1-919795-99-5
© Published by and obtainable from: National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria, 0001 South Africa.
Tel. +27 12 804-3200. Fax +27 12 804-3211. Website: www.nbi.ac.za. Typesetting and layout by S.S. Brink
(NBI). Printing by United Litho, P.O. Box 40900, Arcadia, 0007 South Africa.
CONTENTS
ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iv
BRYOPHYTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
HEPATOPHYTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
PTERIDOPHYTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
GYMNOSPERMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
DICOTYLEDONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
MONOCOTYLEDONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 953
INDEX TO FAMILIES AND GENERA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1217
ABSTRACT
GERMISHUIZEN, G. & MEYER, N.L. (eds) 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14.
Southern Africa has the richest temperate flora in the world and encompasses a rich floristic diversity of approximately 24 000
taxa (species and infraspecific taxa) of 368 families, including more than 10% of the world’s vascular plant flora on less than
2.5% of the earth’s land surface area. Accurate coverage of this remarkable flora has been made possible at the species level
through PRECIS (National Herbarium, Pretoria (PRE) Computerised Information System), maintained by the National
Botanical Institute. PRECIS includes all indigenous and naturalised plants recorded from the same area as the Flora of south-
ern Africa (Namibia, Botswana, South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho). This book is largely based on PRECIS and includes
data on life cycle, life form, height of plant and altitude together with updated information on literature references, synonyms
and regional distribution. Families are grouped into seven more or less natural assemblages: Bryophyta, Hepatophyta,
Anthocerotophyta, Pteridophyta, Gymnosperms, Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons.
INTRODUCTION
Background
Southern Africa has the richest temperate flora in the world and encompasses a rich floristic diversity of approximately
24 000 taxa (species and infraspecific taxa) of 368 families, including more than 10% of the world’s vascular plant flora
on less than 2.5% of the earth’s land surface area. Accurate coverage of this remarkable flora has been made possible at
the species level through PRECIS (National Herbarium, Pretoria (PRE) Computerised Information System), maintained
by the National Botanical Institute. PRECIS includes all indigenous and naturalised plants recorded from the same area
as the Flora of southern Africa (FSA): the subcontinent south of the Kunene, Okavango, Zambezi and Limpopo Rivers.
The first list of southern African plants published from PRECIS was the List of species of southern African plants
(Gibbs Russell et al. 1984), which comprised a basic list of names in current use. It was followed by a second edi-
tion which appeared in two parts and included synonyms and references to recent literature. Part 1 (Gibbs Russell et
al. 1985) covered the bryophytes, pteridophytes, gymnosperms and monocotyledons. Part 2 (Gibbs Russell et al.
1987) covered the dicotyledons. Updates were listed in Bothalia from 1988 to 1991. The third edition in the series,
Plants of southern Africa: names and distribution edited by T.H. Arnold & B.C. de Wet, appeared in 1993, with
regional distribution data as an additional feature.
The current publication, the fourth edition in the series, has been expanded to include data on life cycle, life form,
height of plant and altitude together with the updated information on literature references, synonyms and regional
distribution. These data are based largely on the herbarium collections of the National Botanical Institute and are
therefore inevitably incomplete. They nevertheless provide a useful checklist of the plants of southern Africa.
Changes over ten years

The southern African flora is extremely diverse and many groups are not well known or well documented, with
the most recent revisions often going back 50 years or more. When any of these groups are revised, numerous and
often radical changes sometimes have to be made, resulting in a relatively high annual incidence of changes in
names and concepts. We have compared the numbers of families, genera, species and taxa given ten years ago in
Arnold & De Wet (1993) to the numbers reflected in the current work (see Table). Certain names no longer appear
in the current list because they are no longer considered relevant to the southern African flora.
TABLE.—Numbers of families, genera, species and taxa (species plus infraspecific taxa) in Arnold & De Wet (1993) and in the current work (2003)
Families Genera Species Taxa

1993 2003 1993 2003 1993 2003 1993 2003
Bryophyta 59 217 546 555
Hepatophyta 94 38 292 90 814 309 817 313
Anthocerotophyta 1 2 7 7
Pteridophyta 28 34 76 88 260 278 282 294
Gymnosperms 7 6 8 10 50 61 52 61
Dicotyledons 177 172 1 710 1 733 16 175 15 653 18 029 17 353
Monocotyledons 47 59 518 499 4 912 4 963 5 323 5 452
Total FSA 353 369 2 604 2 639 22 211 21 817 24 503 24 035
Arrangement and circumscription of families, genera, species and infraspecific taxa

Family, genus and species names and synonyms are given in alphabetical sequence. Current names are in bold.
Synonyms are printed in italics.
Families are primarily grouped into seven more or less natural assemblages: Bryophyta (pp. 1–37); Hepatophyta
(pp. 39–61); Anthocerotophyta (pp. 63, 64); Pteridophyta (pp. 65–86); Gymnosperms (pp. 87–90); Dicotyledons (pp.
iv
91–951); and Monocotyledons (pp. 953–1216). The classification of the gymnosperms, dicotyledons and mono-
cotyledons mainly follows Leistner (2000).
A genus name is abbreviated to its initial letter only in that part of the list dealing with that particular genus. Genus
names that are used only as synonyms in the FSA region are given in italics even if they are considered to be current
names outside our area. The seven-digit numbers that follow main genus entries in this work are those used in the
PRECIS database of the National Botanical Institute. They do not necessarily reflect phylogenetic relationships
between taxa, but are retained as a useful tool for herbarium workers.
A synonym of a species or subspecific name appears twice: in the complete alphabetical listing of names under
the genus, and again indented and in smaller type below the accepted name of which it is considered to be a syn-
onym. In the latter case it is followed by one or more literature reference numbers in brackets.
Naturalised taxa are marked with an asterisk before the name.
Author citations
Author citations are according to Brummitt & Powell (1992).
Literature
Most literature entries given in Arnold & De Wet (1993) have been retained. New and other relevant literature
have been added. Most titles are given in full. Entries are chronologically arranged.
Floras are cited by the following abbreviations:
CFA Conspectus florae angolensis FTA Flora of tropical Africa
FC Flora capensis FTEA Flora of tropical East Africa
FSA Flora of southern Africa FWTA Flora of West tropical Africa
FSWA Prodromus einer Flora von Südwestafrika FZ Flora zambesiaca
Examples of species information
Life cycle: Annual, biennial or perennial.
Life form: Bryophyte, climber, dwarf shrub, epiphyte, geophyte, graminoid, herb, hydrophyte, lithophyte, parasite,
scrambler, shrub, succulent, suffrutex or tree.
Height of plant: Ht x–xx mm/m, up to xx mm/m or ± xx mm/m.
Altitude where plants occur, if known: Alt xx–xxxx m, up to xxxx m or ± xxxx m.
Distribution: Countries and RSA provinces abbreviated and given in the following order (see Map): N, B, LIM, NW,
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC. Where current distribution records are unknown because of old herbarium
collections with incomplete information, abbreviations of old province are given, for example Cape Province
(‘CP’) and Transvaal (‘TV’ or ‘Tvl’), or South Africa (‘SA’) and Republic of South Africa (‘RSA’).
Index
The Index guides the reader to the main entries of genera and families.
Authorship
Most compilers of this work are staff of one of the three herbaria of the National Botanical Institute, namely the
Compton Herbarium, National Herbarium and Natal Herbarium. The following persons from outside the Institute con-
tributed: Dr Peter Bruyns of the Bolus Herbarium, University of Cape Town; Mr Ingo Breuer, Germany; Prof.
Christopher Cook formerly of the Botanical Garden
and Institute for Systematic Botany, University of
Zürich; Mr Tony Dold, of the Selmar Schonland
Herbarium, Rhodes University; Mr Neil J. Griffin of
the International Ocean Institute of Southern Africa,
B University of the Western Cape; Dr Leanne Dreyer of
N
the Botany Department, University of Stellenbosch; Dr
LIM Peter Goldblatt of the Missouri Botanical Garden, St
Louis; Dr Cornelia Klak of the Bolus Herbarium,
University of Cape Town; Eric B. Knox of the Depart-
G M
NW S
FS KZN
NC L MAP.—Countries and current RSA provinces referred to in
this work: Namibia (N), Botswana (B), Limpopo
Province (LIM), North-West Province (NW), Gauteng
EC Province (G), Mpumalanga Province (M), Swaziland
(S), Free State Province (FS), KwaZulu-Natal Pro-
WC vince (KZN), Lesotho (L), Northern Cape Province
(NC), Western Cape Province (WC), Eastern Cape
Province (EC).
v
ment of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA; Ms Anna Moteetee of the Botany Department, Rand Afrikaans
University; Dr Ashley Nicholas of the Botany Department, University of Durban-Westville; Dr Peter Phillipson, Paris; Mr
Marcus Quint, Germany; Dr Pat Tilney of the Botany Department, Rand Afrikaans University; Prof. Ben-Erik van Wyk of
the Botany Department, Rand Afrikaans University; Prof. Johan Venter of the Department of Botany and Genetics,
University of the Free State; and Dr Graham Williamson, Bergvliet, Cape Town.
Editors’ acknowledgements
We sincerely thank the Executive of the National Botanical Institute, specifically Prof. Brian Huntley and Prof. Gideon
Smith, for the opportunity to edit this work. We thank Hannelie Snyman and Carole de Wet of IT Management, Pretoria,
for help with downloading the PRECIS information and for easy access to and upkeep of PRECIS. The Publications
Section of the NBI played a crucial role in the production of the work and saw it through the press: Emsie du Plessis is
thanked for preparing all the text for typesetting; she also saw to it that compilers received their contributions for proof-
reading and carefully transferred their corrections onto copies for the typesetter; she painstakingly compiled the index.
Sarie Brink typeset the entire book. Sandra Turck designed the striking cover; we had only one request—it had to be a
‘Black Book’, in the tradition of its predecessor! Louisa Liebenberg gave us support throughout and handled the budget
for production of the book. We are indebted to Dr Otto Leistner for his initial input as editor during the early stages of the
project and for his invaluable advice to our team. Marinda Koekemoer, Curator of the National Herbarium, is thanked for
co-ordinating initial information and progress sessions for compilers at the Herbarium. Support given by the staff of the
Mary Gunn and Harry Molteno Libraries is much appreciated. We thank all collaborators, especially those from outside
the Institute listed above. We are also most grateful to various other non-NBI colleagues who supplied information or
assisted our compilers in some way. A special word of thanks to Herbarium assistants and other Herbarium staff who
helped in various ways to collate much of the information. Lyn Fish and Jacques van Rooy are thanked for acting as couri-
ers between one of us (N.L.M.) and the National Herbarium.
G. Germishuizen & N.L. Meyer

Pretoria, September 2003
Definitions of life forms

To assist the reader, we include the following definitions of a selection of some lesser known life form terms (mostly R. Glen, pers. comm.):
Carnivore: a plant that can utilise proteins and minerals obtained from trapped animals, mostly insects.
Cyperoid: a term used for members of the Cyperaceae family.
Epihydate: a plant with leaves and/or stems floating on the surface of the water but not rising above the water, roots penetrating the substrate.
Epiphyte: a plant that grows on another plant but without deriving nourishment from it and not parasitic, as some ferns and orchids growing
on trees.
Geophyte: a perennial plant, usually herbaceous, with renewal buds located on the plant below the soil surface, as on bulbs or rhizomes.
Graminoid: a term used for members of the grass family, Poaceae.
Haptophyte: a plant that is attached to but not penetrating a solid substrate.
Helophyte: a plant typical of marshy or lake-edge environments, in which the perennating organ lies in soil or mud below the water level, but
the aerial shoots protrude above the water.
Hydrophyte: a plant that is morphologically and/or physiologically adapted to grow in water or very wet environments.
Hyperhydate: an emergent plant, with leaves and/or stems emerging well beyond the water surface, roots penetrating the substrate.
Lignotuber: a woody swelling below or just above the ground, containing adventitious buds from which new shoots develop if the top is cut or burnt.
Lithophyte: a plant that grows on rocks.
Mallee: any of several low, shrubby eucalyptus trees that flourish in desert regions of Australia.
Parasite: a plant living on another plant and deriving nourishment from it.
Plankton: plants that are completely submerged, not attached to any substrate.
Pleustophyte: a plant that is free-floating on the water surface, not attached to or penetrating the substrate, with some photosynthetic parts in
contact with air.
Restioid: a term used for members of the Restionaceae family.
Rheophyte: a flood-resistant plant that is confined to the beds of swift-flowing streams or rivers and to adjacent floodplains.
Rosulate: with leaves borne in a rosette.
Sudd hydrophyte: an aquatic plant that grows rooted in sudd (an impenetrable mass of floating vegetable matter).
Tenagophyte: an amphibious plant, the juvenile submerged or floating on water and the adult (reproductive) phase terrestrial.
Vittate: pertaining to submerged plants, rooted in substrate, leaves arranged along elongated stem.
References
ARNOLD, T.H. & DE WET, B.C. 1993. Plants of southern Africa: names and distribution. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No.
62. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
BRUMMITT, R.K. & POWELL, C.E. 1992. Authors of plant names. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
LEISTNER, O.A. (ed.) 2000. Seed plants of southern Africa: families and genera. Strelitzia 10. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
GIBBS RUSSELL, G.E., REID, C., VAN ROOY, J. & SMOOK, L. 1985. List of species of southern African plants, edn 2, Part 1. Cryptogams,
Gymnosperms, Monocotyledons. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 51. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria.
GIBBS RUSSELL, G.E. & STAFF OF THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM. 1984. List of species of southern African plants. Memoirs of the
Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 48. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria.
GIBBS RUSSELL, G.E., WELMAN, W.G., RETIEF, E., IMMELMAN, K.L., GERMISHUIZEN, G., PIENAAR, B.J., VAN WYK, M. &
NICHOLAS, A. 1987. List of species of southern African plants, edn 2, Part 2. Dicotyledons. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South
Africa No. 56. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria.
vi
BRYOPHYTA
2 S TRELITZIA 14 (2003)
AMBLYSTEGIACEAE
Compiled by J. van Rooy
CAMPYLIADELPHUS (Schimp.) 9774100 sparsus Müll.Hal.

R.S.Chopra Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 100 mm.
(1) Hedenäs. 1997. The Bryologist 100: 77, 78. Alt? FS, KZN, L, EC
(2) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 148.
(3) Vanderpoorten et al. 2002. Taxon 51: 115–122. HYGROAMBLYSTEGIUM Loeske 9774400
chrysophyllus (Brid.) R.S.Chopra (1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 413.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt ± 3200 m. L Survey of South Africa No. 62: 42.
polygamus (Schimp.) Kanda = Drepanocladus polygamus (3) Vanderpoorten et al. 2002. Taxon 51: 115–122.
Note: taxonomic position uncertain (3)
CRATONEURON (Sull.) Spruce 9774200 caudicaule (Müll.Hal.) Broth.

Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 100–150
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 42. mm. Alt 61–2700 m. KZN, WC
(2) Ochyra. 1994. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 39:
137–146. LEPTODICTYUM (Schimp.) 9774500
(3) Vanderpoorten et al. 2002. Taxon 51: 115–122. Warnst.
filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce (1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 414.
Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 100 (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 42.
mm. Alt ± 2125 m. KZN (3) Vanderpoorten et al. 2002. Taxon 51: 115–122.
riparium (Hedw.) Warnst.
DREPANOCLADUS (Müll.Hal.) 9774300 Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 25–50 mm.
G.Roth Alt 15–2100 m. B, M, FS, KZN
(1) Ochyra & Pócs. 1992. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 37:
379–388. SANIONIA Loeske 9774700
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical (1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 42. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 43.
(3) O’Shea. 1995. Tropical Bryology 10: 120. (2) Vanderpoorten et al. 2002. Taxon 51: 115–122.
(4) Hedenäs. 1997. The Bryologist 100: 81, 82. Note: taxonomic position uncertain (2)
(6) Vanderpoorten et al. 2002. Taxon 51: 115–122. uncinata (Hedw.) Loeske
hallii Broth. & Dixon Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 200
Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 100 mm. Alt? FS
mm. Alt? WC
VITTIA Ochyra 9774900
polygamus (Schimp.) Hedenäs (1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Campyliadelphus polygamus (Schimp.) Kanda (4) Survey of South Africa No. 62: 43.
Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 100 (2) Vanderpoorten et al. 2002. Taxon 51: 115–122.
mm. Alt? KZN Note: taxonomic position uncertain (2)
revolvens (Sw.) Warnst. pachyloma (Mont.) Ochyra
Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length? Alt 2700– Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 100
3050 m. L mm. Alt 914–1300 m. LIM, KZN, EC
ANDREAEACEAE
ANDREAEA Hedw. 9734800 WC

(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 33–37. nitida Hook.f. & Wilson
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 17. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 20–120 mm. Alt ± 1525–
(3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 133–155. 1675 m. WC
acutifolia Hook.f. & Wilson rupestris Hedw.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt 2900–3200 m. KZN, L Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 1525–3240 m.
alpina Hedw. FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt ± 2900 m. KZN, L subulata Harv.
bistratosa Magill Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–20 mm. Alt ± 925–1825
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt ± 1375–1525 m. m. WC
AMBLYSTEGIACEAE Campyliadelphus BRYOPHYTA

S TRELITZIA 14 (2003) 3
ANOMODONTACEAE
ANOMODON Hook. & Taylor 9762200 HERPETINEURON (Müll.Hal.) 9772740

(1) Granzow-de la Cerda. 1997. Contributions of the University of Cardot
Michigan Herbarium 21: 243–245.
pseudotristis (Müll.Hal.) Kindb. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 42.
Haplohymenium pseudotriste (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (1) (2) Granzow-de la Cerda. 1997. Contributions of the University of
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 5–15 mm. Alt 20–1700 Michigan Herbarium 21: 262–264.
m. G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
toccoae (Sull. & Lesq.) Cardot
HAPLOHYMENIUM Schwägr. 9772700 Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 20–40 mm. Alt
pseudotriste (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Anomodon pseudotristis 914–1300 m. M, KZN
ARCHIDIACEAE
ARCHIDIUM Brid. 9736100 julicaule Müll.Hal.

(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 71–81. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–7 mm. Alt up to 2860 m.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical L, WC
microthecium Dixon & P.de la Varde
acanthophyllum Snider Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–5 mm. Alt 420–1500 m.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–8 mm. Alt 354–1075 m. N, LIM, KZN
LIM, G, M, S, KZN
muellerianum Snider
amplexicaule Müll.Hal.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–5 mm. Alt? WC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–10 mm. Alt? WC
andersonianum Snider ohioense Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.
Perennial. Bryophyte Ht 2–6 mm. Alt? WC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–15 mm. Alt up to 2860 m.
N, LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
capense Hornsch.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–4 mm. Alt 600–3200 m. rehmannii Mitt.
FS, L, WC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–10 mm. Alt ± 750 m. WC
dinteri (Irmsch.) Snider subulatum Müll.Hal.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 10 mm. Alt? N Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 4–15 mm. Alt? WC
BARTRAMIACEAE
ANACOLIA Schimp. 9754900 (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 33, 34.
(1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 410–412.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical aristaria Müll.Hal.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt 50–1700 m.
breutelii (Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) Magill var. breutelii M, KZN, WC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt up to 2900
capensis (R.Br.) Wijk & Margad.
m. FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
breutelii (Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) Magill var. squarrifo- KZN, WC, EC
lia (Sim) Magill
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt ± 900–2400 compacta Hornsch. var. compacta
m. KZN, L, WC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–15 mm. Alt 30–1200 m.
NC, WC, EC
BARTRAMIA Hedw. 9755000 compacta Hornsch. var. macowaniana (Müll.Hal.)
(1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 412–418. Magill
BRYOPHYTA ANOMODONTACEAE Anomodon

Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 5 mm. Alt? EC africana (Müll.Hal.) Rehmann ex Paris

hampeana Müll.Hal. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 20–50 mm. Alt 150–2125 m.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–60 mm. Alt 50–3270 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
LIM, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC comosa (Broth.) D.G.Griffin & W.R.Buck
Bartramidula comosa Broth. (2)
BARTRAMIDULA Bruch & Schimp. 9755100 Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 5 mm. Alt ± 450–925
comosa Broth. = Philonotis comosa m. WC
globosa (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Philonotis globosa dregeana (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
globosa (Müll.Hal.) Broth. var. tenuicaulis (Müll.Hal.) Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–50 mm. Alt up to 2450 m.
Sim = Philonotis globosa N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC,
EC
BREUTELIA (Bruch & Schimp.) 9755200 falcata (Hook.) Mitt.
Schimp. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 20–80 mm. Alt 70–3200 m.
(1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 432–438. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
(2) Griffin. 1992. Tropical Bryology 5: 55–59.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical globosa (Müll.Hal.) D.G.Griffin & W.R.Buck
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 34. Bartramidula globosa (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (2)
angustifolia Rehmann ex Sim = B. microdonta Bartramidula globosa (Müll.Hal.) Broth. var. tenuicaulis
(Müll.Hal.) Sim (2)
diffracta Mitt. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–10 mm. Alt 1950–3200 m.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 50–200 mm. Alt ± 900–2900 LIM, NW, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
m. LIM, M, KZN, EC
elliptica Magill hastata (Duby) Wijk & Margad.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 30–50 mm. Alt? WC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt up to 2750 m.
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
microdonta (Mitt.) Broth.
B. angustifolia Rehmann ex Sim (2) scabrifolia (Hook.f. & Wilson) Braithw.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–50 mm. Alt 750–2125 m. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–40 mm. Alt 400–3240 m.
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, WC, EC KZN, L, NC, WC
substricta (Schimp.) Magill vagans (Hook. & Wilson) Mitt.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 20–50 mm. Alt 625–2860 m. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 20–50 mm. Alt? WC
FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
tabularis Dixon PLAGIOPUS Brid. 9755500
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 80–20 mm. Alt 900–1200 m. (1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 409, 410.
WC (2) Crosby et al. 1992. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the
Missouri Botanical Garden 42: 436.
CONOSTOMUM Sw. 9755300 (3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical oederianus (Sw.) H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 35. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 20–30 mm. Alt 2125–2900
(3) Virtanen. 1999. Acta Botanica Fennica 165: 3.
m. KZN, L
pentastichum (Brid.) Lindb.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–15 mm. Alt 2860–3200 m. QUATHLAMBA Magill 9755600
KZN, L (1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 421.
PHILONOTIS Brid. 9755400 Survey of South Africa No. 62: 35.
(1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 424–432. debilicostata Magill
(2) Griffin & Buck. 1989. The Bryologist 92: 368–380.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–15 mm. Alt ± 2800–2900
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 34. m. KZN, L
BRACHYTHECIACEAE
BRACHYTHECIUM Schimp. 9775400 WC, EC

(1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 368–371. pinnatum Dixon
(2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 40–60 mm. Alt? WC
South Africa No. 43: 19.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical plumosum (Hedw.) Schimp.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 43. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt 300–2100 m. M,
KZN, L, WC
implicatum (Hornsch. ex Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 25–75 mm. populeum (Hedw.) Schimp.
Alt 15–2400 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt? EC
BARTRAMIACEAE Bartramia BRYOPHYTA

pseudopopuleum (Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) Schimp. (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt? WC Survey of South Africa No. 62: 43.
(3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: 111.
pseudovelutinum (Hampe ex Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
mac-owanianum (Paris) M.Fleisch.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt? WC
Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 200 mm.
salebrosum (Hoffm. ex F.Weber & D.Mohr) Schimp. Alt? M
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 25–50 mm. Alt 60–1600 m.
LIM, S, KZN, WC, EC
subrutabulum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
PSEUDOSCLEROPODIUM 9775850
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 25–75 mm. Alt 900–2400
(Limpr.) M.Fleisch
(1) Arts. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 441.
m. LIM, FS, KZN, L, EC (3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: 111.
HOMALOTHECIUM Schimp. 9775500 purum (Hedw.) M.Fleisch.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 150 mm. Alt ± 550 m.
afrostriatum (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra = Palamocladium leske-
WC
oides
KINDBERGIA Ochyra 9775550 RHYNCHOSTEGIELLA (Schimp.) 9775900
(1) Ochyra. 1982. Lindbergia 8: 53, 54. Limpr.
(2) Arts. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 435–438.
(1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 375–377.
praelonga (Hedw.) Ochyra (2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 50 mm. Alt ± 300 m. South Africa No. 43: 19.
WC (3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(4) Arts. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 441.
OXYRRHYNCHIUM (Schimp.) 9775600 holstii (Broth.) Broth.
Warnst. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt? EC
(2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of litorea (De Not.) Limpr.
South Africa No. 43: 19. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 50–210 m.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical WC, EC
sublaevipes Broth. & Bryhn
confervoidum Sim Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 50 mm. Alt ± 610 m. Alt ± 600 m. KZN
KZN, WC zeyheri (Spreng. ex Müll.Hal.) Broth.
subasperum Sim Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 50–100 mm. Alt up to 1800 m. G, M, KZN, WC, EC
Alt 900–1300 m. LIM, G, M, KZN, WC, EC
PALAMOCLADIUM Müll.Hal. 9775700 RHYNCHOSTEGIUM Bruch & 9776000

(1) Buck. 1993. Tropical Bryology 8: 199–217. Schimp.
(2) Hofmann. 1997. Lindbergia 22: 3–20. (1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 373–375.
(2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of
leskeoides (Hook.) E.Britton South Africa No. 43: 19.
Homalothecium afrostriatum (Müll.Hal.) Ochyra (2) (3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
P. sericeum (A.Jaeger) Müll.Hal. (2) Survey of South Africa No. 62: 43.
P. sericeum (A.Jaeger) Müll.Hal. var. afrostriatum Müll.Hal. (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 100 mm. brachypterum (Hornsch.) A.Jaeger
Alt 150–2100 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 25–50 mm. Alt
40–2400 m. LIM, G, M, KZN, L, WC, EC
sericeum (A.Jaeger) Müll.Hal. = P. leskeoides
raphidorrhynchum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
sericeum (A.Jaeger) Müll.Hal. var. afrostriatum Müll.Hal.
= P. leskeoides
m. LIM, G, M, KZN, WC, EC
PLATYHYPNIDIUM M.Fleisch. 9774600 subbrachypterum Broth. & Bryhn
(1) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm. Alt
Africa No. 43: 19. ± 600 m. KZN, EC
BRUCHIACEAE
BRUCHIA Schwägr. 9738700 (3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(2) Rushing. 1986. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 60: (4) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology:
35–83. 100.
BRYOPHYTA BRACHYTHECIACEAE Brachythecium

brevipes Harv. ex Hook. (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 3 mm. Alt 50–700 m. WC Survey of South Africa No. 62: 23.
(3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology:
eckloniana Müll.Hal. 100.
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt? WC divaricatus Bruch
foveolata Magill = B. queenslandica Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–4 mm. Alt up to 800 m. LIM,
queenslandica I.G.Stone KZN, EC
B. foveolata Magill (2) intermedius Welw. & Duby
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt ± 1500 m. N Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–2 mm. Alt 600–2125 m. N,
LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC
CLADOPHASCUM Dixon 9739000 longicollis Michx.
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 110, 111. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–7 mm. Alt ± 750–1500 m.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, WC
Survey of South Africa No. 22.
(3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: mayottensis Besch.
100. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–3 mm. Alt up to 1500 m. FS,
gymnomitrioides (Dixon) Dixon KZN
Aongstroemia gymnomitrioides Dixon (1) paradoxus Hornsch.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 10 mm. Alt ± 1000–1800 Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–2 mm. Alt ± 1375–2900 m.
m. N, LIM, G, M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC M, FS, KZN, WC, EC
pillansii Dixon
TREMATODON Michx. 9740300 Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt up to 1225 m.
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 111–117. WC
BRYACEAE
ANOMOBRYUM Schimp. 9750000 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 2–5 mm. Alt ± 750–
(1) Kis. 1985. Mosses of South-east Africa: 137. 1075 m. M, KZN
(2) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 357–360. nepalense Hook.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt ± 1225–
(4) O’Shea. 1995. Tropical Bryology 10: 98. 1950 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
drakensbergense Van Rooy pulchrum Hook.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 20 mm. Alt 2100–3050 m. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 5–35 mm. Alt 200–
FS, KZN, L 2450 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
filiforme (Dicks.) Husn., illegitimate name = A. julaceum systylium (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
B. angolense (Welw. & Duby) A.Jaeger (1)
julaceum (Schrad. ex P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.) Schimp. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 2–10 mm. Alt 950–
A. filiforme (Dicks.) Husn., illegitimate name (1, 4)
2125 m. N, LIM, M, KZN
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 37 mm. Alt 750–2750 m.
LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC BRYUM Hedw. 9750200
(1) Ochi. 1972. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Tottori
BRACHYMENIUM Schwägr. 9750100 University 23: 41–106.
(1) Ochi. 1985. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Tottori (2) Ochi. 1980. Journal of the Faculty of Education, Tottori
University 34: 43–48. University 29: 107–154.
(2) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 341–348. (3) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 361–388.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical (4) Ochyra. 1989. Journal of Bryology 15: 551–553.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 30, 31. (5) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(4) Arts. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 431, 432. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 31, 32.
(6) O’Shea. 1995. Tropical Bryology 10: 104–107.
acuminatum Harv. (7) Van Rooy. 1997. Journal of Bryology 19: 830–832.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–10 mm. Alt 30–3000 m. N, (8) Arts. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 432–434.
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
alpinum Huds. ex With.
angolense (Welw. & Duby) A.Jaeger = B. systylium Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–55 mm. Alt 20–3350 m.
chilense Ochi & Mahu LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 10 mm. Alt ± 410–630 m. andicola Hook.
WC Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 3–30 mm. Alt 50–
dicranoides (Hornsch.) A.Jaeger 1900 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–7 mm. Alt up to 300 m. WC apiculatum Schwägr.
leptophyllum (Bruch & Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) Bruch Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 5–35 mm. Alt 100–
& Schimp. ex A.Jaeger 1750 m. N, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
BRUCHIACEAE Bruchia BRYOPHYTA

argenteum Hedw. WC, EC

Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–25 mm. Alt up to 3000 m. ruderale Crundw. & Nyholm
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 8 mm. Alt ± 200 m WC
EC
subapiculatum Hampe
aubertii (Schwägr.) Brid. B. laxogemmaceum Müll.Hal. (1)
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 5–60 mm. Alt B. micro-erythrocarpum Müll.Hal. & Kindb. (2)
40–2125 m. LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC B. zuluense Broth. & Bryhn (1)
bicolor Dicks. = B. dichotomum NW, KZN, WC
caespiticium Hedw. torquescens Bruch ex De Not.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–15 mm. Alt 2500–3200 m. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 1–20 mm. Alt up
KZN, L, EC to 2150 m. LIM, NW, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
canariense Brid. turbinatum (Hedw.) Turner
B. condensatum Hampe (1)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–22 mm. Alt up to 1800 m. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 4–45 mm. Alt ± 1500–2425 m.
LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC FS, KZN, L, EC
capillare Hedw. viguieri Thér.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–15 mm. Alt 100–1800 m. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 15 mm. Alt ± 1200 m. M
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC viridescens Welw. & Duby
cellulare Hook. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 5–35 mm. Alt
Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 3–20 mm. Alt 600– 300–2050 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
2775 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L zuluense Broth. & Bryhn = B. subapiculatum
condensatum Hampe = B. canariense
dichotomum Hedw. PLAGIOBRYUM Lindb. 9750800
B. bicolor Dicks. (2) (1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 354, 355.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–15 mm. Alt 20–1900 m. N, (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC Survey of South Africa No. 62: 32.
donianum Grev. zierii (Dicks. ex Hedw.) Lindb.

Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–15 mm. Alt? WC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 4–10 mm. Alt 1525–3200 m.
KZN, L
erythrocaulon (Schwägr.) Brid.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 20 mm. Alt ± 900 m.
LIM, KZN, WC, EC RHODOBRYUM (Schimp.) Limpr. 9751000
laxogemmaceum Müll.Hal. = B. subapiculatum (1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 388–393.
micro-erythrocarpum Müll.Hal. & Kindb. = B. subapicu- Survey of South Africa No. 62: 32, 33.
latum
commersonii (Schwägr.) Paris
pseudotriquetrum (Hedw.) P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 50 mm. Alt up to 1800 m.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–42 mm. Alt up to 3200 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
pycnophyllum (Dixon) Mohamed keniae (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 5–45 mm. Alt Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–70 mm. Alt 240–1980 m.
± 15–2450 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
NC, WC, EC roseum (Hedw.) Limpr.
radiculosum Brid. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–50 mm. Alt 1200–2300 m.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–10 mm. Alt ± 30–1737 m. N, LIM, M, KZN, L, EC
NC, WC, EC umbraculum (Bruch ex Hook.) Schimp. ex Paris
rubens Mitt. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 40 mm. Alt 150–2125 m.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 10 mm. Alt 150–1300 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, WC, EC
BRYOBARTRAMIACEAE
BRYOBARTRAMIA Sainsbury 9745900 novae-valesiae (Broth. ex G.Roth) I.G.Stone & G.A.M.Scott

(1) Magill. 1981. FSA. Bryophyta 1,1: 269, 270.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Annual or perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 3 mm. Alt ±
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 28. 350–540 m. NC, WC
BRYOPHYTA BRYACEAE Bryum

CALYMPERACEAE
CALYMPERES Sw. ex F.Weber 9740800 albidum Hedw.

(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 163–166. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt ± 300–
(2) Reese & Mohamed. 1985. The Bryologist 88: 98–109. 1500 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
(3) Ellis. 1988. Journal of Bryology 15: 233.
(4) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical SYRRHOPODON Schwägr. 9741100
levyanum Besch. (2) Orban. 1981. Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 4–6 mm. Alt ± 200 m. EC 27: 169–177.
pallidum Mitt. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 23, 24.
C. rabenhorstii Hampe & Müll.Hal. (3)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 1–6 mm. Alt? M, KZN asper Mitt.
S. gomesii P.de la Varde (2)
rabenhorstii Hampe & Müll.Hal. = C. pallidum Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 5–12 mm. Alt ± 920–
tenerum Müll.Hal. 1478 m. LIM, M
C. tenerum Müll.Hal. var. edamense M.Fleisch. (2) erectifolius Müll.Hal. = S. gaudichaudii
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 1–2 mm. Alt ± 50–
100 m. KZN gaudichaudii Mont.
S. erectifolius Müll.Hal. (2)
tenerum Müll.Hal. var. edamense M.Fleisch. = C. tene- S. obliquirostris Müll.Hal. (2)
rum S. uncinifolius Müll.Hal. (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt 50–
1970 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
OCTOBLEPHARUM Hedw. 9741000 gomesii P.de la Varde = S. asper
obliquirostris Müll.Hal. = S. gaudichaudii
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 23. uncinifolius Müll.Hal. = S. gaudichaudii
CATAGONIACEAE
CATAGONIUM Müll.Hal. ex Broth. 9777800 nitens (Brid.) Cardot subsp. maritimum (Hook.) S.H.Lin
C. mucronatum (A.Jaeger) Broth. (1, 2)
(1) Lin. 1984. Journal of the Taiwan Museum 37: 1–54.
(2) Van Rooy in Arnold & De Wet 1993. Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 50–150 mm.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 39. Alt up to 2200 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
(3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte Biology: 114.
nitens (Brid.) Cardot subsp. nitens
mucronatum (A.Jaeger) Broth. = C. nitens subsp. mari- Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 50–120 mm.
timum Alt? S
CRYPHAEACEAE
CRYPHAEA D.Mohr in F.Weber 9762000 Alt ± 400–1700 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, NC, WC, EC
(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical rutenbergii Müll.Hal.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 38. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 60 mm.
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 550–552.
Alt ± 1200–1400 m. LIM
(4) Rao. 2001. Bryobrothera 7: 46–53.
dentata Mitt. = C. jamesonii SCHOENOBRYUM Dozy & Molk. 9762050
exigua (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger = C. jamesonii (1) Arts. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 441, 442.
jamesonii Taylor
C. dentata Mitt. (4) welwitschii (Duby) Manuel
C. exigua (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger (4) Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 60 mm. Alt ± 120 m. WC
CALYMPERACEAE Calymperes BRYOPHYTA

DALTONIACEAE
CALYPTROCHAETA Desv. 9768200 DISTICHOPHYLLUM Dozy & 9768400

Molk.
(3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: mniifolium (Hornsch.) Sim var. mniifolium
107. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 5–12 mm. Alt up
to 150 m. WC, EC
asplenioides (Brid.) Crosby mniifolium (Hornsch.) Sim var. taylorii (Sim) Magill
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–30 mm. Alt ± 200–550 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 5–12 mm. Alt up
m. WC to 150 m. WC
DICRANACEAE
AMPHIDIUM Schimp. 9757900 (3) Zijlstra. 1998. Taxon 47: 860.

(4) Greuter et al. 2000. Saint Louis Code: 212.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 35, 36. madagascariensis (Thér.) Padberg & J.-P.Frahm
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 486–490. Metzleria madagascariensis (Thér.) J.-P.Frahm (3, 4)
(3) Frahm et al. 2000. Tropical Bryology 18: 171–184. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 8 mm. Alt ± 610 m. WC
lapponicum (Hedw.) Schimp.
KZN, L CAMPYLOPUS Brid. 9738800
tortuosum (Hornsch.) Cufod. (2) Corley & Frahm. 1982. Journal of Bryology 12: 187–190.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 28 mm. Alt ± 2000–3100 m. (3) Frahm. 1984. Nova Hedwigia 39: 585–621.
KZN, L, WC (4) Vital. 1984. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 5: 15–26.
(5) Frahm. 1985. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 31: 1–216.
ANISOTHECIUM Mitt., illegitimate 9738400 (6) Frahm. 1987. Bryologische Beitraege 7: 1–117.
(7) Frahm. 1994. Nova Hedwigia 59: 147–155.
name (8) Frahm. 1994. Hikobia 11: 371–376.
symonsii (Dixon) Broth. = Dicranella cardotii (9) Arts. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 434.
(10) Frahm. 1998. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 19: 27–34.
AONGSTROEMIA Bruch & 9738500 acuminatus Mitt. var. kirkii (Mitt.) J.-P.Frahm
Schimp. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 50 mm. Alt 50–640 m. WC
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 118–120. altovirescens (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. robillardei
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 20. ampliretis (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. flaccidus
filiformis (P.Beauv.) Wijk & Margad. angustinervis Dixon = C. perpusillus
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–20 mm. Alt ± 750 m. M, KZN atroluteus (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. bicolor subsp. atroluteus
gymnomitrioides Dixon = Cladophascum gymnomitri- aureonitens (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
oides C. lonchoclados Müll.Hal. (5, 6)
C. purpureo-aureus (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6)
julacea (Hook.) Mitt. C. symonsii Sim (5, 6)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt 500–3240 m. FS, Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 70 mm. Alt 1800–3000 m.
KZN, L M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
AONGSTROEMIOPSIS M.Fleisch. 9738600 bartramiaceus (Müll.Hal.) Thér., illegitimate name = C.
(1) Magill. 1987. Journal of Bryology 14: 527–530.
introflexus
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical basalticolus (Müll.Hal.) Paris = Sphaerothecium sub-
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 23. chlorophyllosum
julacea (Dozy & Molk.) M.Fleisch. bequaertii Thér. & Naveau = C. savannarum
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 10 mm. Alt ± 2860 m. L
bewsii Sim = C. pilifer
ATRACTYLOCARPUS Mitt. 9738650 bicolor (Hornsch ex Müll.Hal.) Wilson subsp. atrolu-
(1) Padberg & Frahm. 1985. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 6: 315–341. teus (Müll.Hal.) J.-P.Frahm
(2) Arts. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 431. C. atroluteus (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6)
BRYOPHYTA DALTONIAEAE Calyptrochaeta

Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 30 mm. Alt ± 15–3240 m. nanophyllus Müll.Hal. ex Broth.

L, WC C. bryhnii Broth. (6)
bryhnii Broth. = C. nanophyllus Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 30 mm. Alt ?–1300 m.
M, KZN, WC
cambouei Renauld & Cardot
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 30 mm. Alt 200–1900 m. nanotenax (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. hildebrandtii
M, WC nivalis (Brid.) Brid.
capensis Broth. = C. thwaitesii Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 80 mm. Alt ?–2900 m.
KZN, L
catarractilis (Müll.Hal.) Paris
C. pulvinatus (Müll.Hal.) Paris, illegitimate name (6) olivaceonigricans (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. flaccidus
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 40 mm. Alt ?–1400 m. pallidus Hook. & Wilson = C. pyriformis
LIM, NW, L, WC perpusillus Mitt.
chlorotrichus (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. thwaitesii C. angustinervis Dixon (6)
Microcampylopus perpusillus (Mitt.) Broth. (4)
controversus (Hampe) A. Jaeger = C. thwaitesii Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–6 mm. Alt ?–2000 m. B,
decaryi Thér. LIM, M, KZN
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 10 mm. Alt ?–1450 m.
pilifer Brid.
G, WC C. bewsii Sim (1, 6)
delagoae (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. savannarum C. griseolus (Müll.Hal.) Paris (1, 6)
C. leucobasis Paris (5, 6)
echinatus Rehmann ex Sim, illegitimate name = C. intro- C. polytrichoides De Not. (1, 6)
flexus C. purpurascens Lorentz (1, 6)
edwardsii Sim = C. flaccidus C. trichodes Lorentz (1, 6)
C. trichodes Lorentz var. perlamellosus Dixon (1)
flaccidus Renauld & Cardot C. weisiopsis (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6)
C. ampliretis (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6)
C. edwardsii Sim (6) Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–40 mm. Alt up to 3000 m.
C. heteroneurum Thér. (6) N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
C. olivaceonigricans (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6) polytrichoides De Not. = C. pilifer
Thysanomitrion transvaaliense Herzog & Dixon (6)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 70 mm. Alt 500–2450 m. procerus (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. jamesonii
LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, WC, EC pseudobicolor Müll.Hal. ex Renauld & Cardot
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 30 mm. Alt ?–3000 m.
fragilis (Brid.) Bruch & Schimp.
KZN, WC
LIM, M pulvinatus (Müll.Hal.) Paris, illegitimate name = C. catar-
ractilis
griseolus (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. pilifer
purpurascens Lorentz = C. pilifer
hensii Renauld & Cardot
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 15 mm. Alt ± 1200 m. KZN purpureo-aureus (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. aureonitens
heteroneurum Thér. = C. flaccidus pyriformis (F.W.Schultz) Brid.
C. leptotrichaceus (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6)
hildebrandtii (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger C. pallidus Hook. & Wilson (6)
C. nanotenax (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6) Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–15 mm. Alt 75–2125 m.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 40 mm. Alt? KZN, WC LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
inandae (Rehmann ex Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. savannarum robillardei Besch.
inchangae (Rehmann ex Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. robillardei C. altovirescens (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6)
C. inchangae (Rehmann ex Müll.Hal.) Paris (6)
inerangae (Müll.Hal.) Paris, illegitimate name = C. robil- C. inerangae (Müll.Hal.) Paris, illegitimate name (6)
lardei C. longescens (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6)
introflexus (Hedw.) Brid. C. serridorsus (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6)
C. bartramiaceus (Müll.Hal.) Thér., illegitimate name (6) Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–40 mm. Alt 20–2134 m.
C. echinatus Rehmann ex Sim, illegitimate name (6) LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
C. lepidophyllus (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger (1, 6)
savannarum (Müll.Hal.) Mitt.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 30 mm. Alt ± 20–3260 C. bequaertii Thér. & Naveau (6)
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC C. delagoae (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6)
jamesonii (Hook.) A.Jaeger C. inandae (Rehmann ex Müll.Hal.) Paris (6)
C. procerus (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6) Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 80 mm. Alt 300–2130
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 100 mm. Alt 1290–2050 m. m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC
LIM, M serridorsus (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. robillardei
julaceus A.Jaeger subsp. arbogastii (Renauld & Cardot) simii Schelpe = C. julaceus subsp. arbogastii
J.-P.Frahm stenopelma (Müll.Hal.) Rehmann ex Paris = C. thwait-
C. simii Schelpe (6) esii
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 50 mm. Alt ?–1600 m. FS
subchlorophyllosus Müll.Hal. = Sphaerothecium sub-
lepidophyllus (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger = C. introflexus chlorophyllosum
leptotrichaceus (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. pyriformis symonsii Sim = C. aureonitens
leucobasis Paris = C. pilifer tenax (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = C. thwaitesii
lonchoclados Müll.Hal. = C. aureonitens thwaitesii (Mitt.) A.Jaeger
longescens (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. robillardei C. capensis Broth. (6, 8, 10)
DICRANACEAE Campylopus BRYOPHYTA

C. chlorotrichus (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6, 8, 10) LEUCOLOMA Brid. 9739600

C. controversus (Hampe) A.Jaeger (10) (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 133–137.
C. stenopelma (Müll.Hal.) Rehmann ex Paris (8, 10) (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
C. tenax (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6, 8, 10) Survey of South Africa No. 62: 22.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 10–25 mm. Alt (3) La Farge. 2002. The Bryologist 105: 509–590.
75–2420 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC (4) La Farge. 2002. The Bryologist 105: 606–624.
trichodes Lorentz = C. pilifer chrysobasilare (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger subsp. africana La Farge
trichodes Lorentz var. perlamellosus Dixon = C. pilifer Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 30–60 mm. Alt 1100– 2050
m. LIM, M
weisiopsis (Müll.Hal.) Paris = C. pilifer
ecklonii (Lorentz) A.Jaeger = L. zeyheri
CHORISODONTIUM (Mitt.) Broth. 9738900 haakonii Broth. & Bryhn = L. syrrhopodontoides
falcatum Magill = Platyneuron praealtum rehmannii (Müll.Hal.) Rehmann ex Paris = L. scabricuspis
scabricuspis Broth.
DICRANELLA (Müll.Hal.) Schimp. 9739100 L. rehmannii (Müll.Hal.) Rehmann ex Paris (4)
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 120–124. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 10–60 mm. Alt 150–2050
(2) Ochyra & Newton. 1986. Lindbergia 11: 94–98.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC ss
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 22. sprengelianum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
cardotii (R.Br. bis) Dixon Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt
Anisothecium symonsii (Dixon) Broth. (2) 50–1600 m. M, WC, EC
D. symonsii Dixon (2)
syrrhopodontoides Broth.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 20–40 mm. Alt 2000–2900 m. L. haakonii Broth. & Bryhn (3, 4)
KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht up to 15 mm. Alt
rigida Dixon ± 50 m. EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt ± 15–700 m. WC woodii Rehmann & Maclea ex Wager = L. zuluense
subsubulata (Hampe ex Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger zeyheri (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
Microcampylopus pusillus Müll.Hal., illegitimate name (1) L. ecklonii (Lorentz) A.Jaeger (4)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–8 mm. Alt up to 2875 m. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC 450–1520 m. M, S, WC
symonsii Dixon = D. cardotii zuluense Broth. & Bryhn var. zuluense
L. woodii Rehmann & Maclea ex Wager (3, 4)
DICRANOLOMA (Renauld) 9739200 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 15–50 mm. Alt 800–
Renauld 1980 m. LIM, M. KZN
METZLERIA Schimp. ex Milde 9739650
= ATRACTYLOCARPUS
billardieri (Brid.) Paris
madagascariensis (Thér.) J.-P.Frahm = Atractylocarpus
madagascariensis
M, WC, EC
entabeniense Magill MICROCAMPYLOPUS (Müll.Hal.) 9739700
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 60 mm. Alt ± 1400 m. M.Fleisch.
LIM perpusillus (Mitt.) Broth. = Campylopus perpusillus
DICRANOWEISIA Lindb. ex 9739350 pusillus Müll.Hal., illegitimate name = Dicranella sub-
Milde subulata
MICRODUS Schimp. ex Besch. 9739800
antarctica (Müll.Hal.) Paris
minutus (Hampe) Besch. = Leptotrichella minuta
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt ± 2900 m. KZN, L
HOLOMITRIUM Brid. 9739400 OREOWEISIA (Bruch & Schimp.). 9739900

(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 129, 130. De Not
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 127–129.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 22. (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
cylindraceum (P.Beauv.) Wijk & Margad. var. cuculla-
erosa (Hampe ex Müll.Hal.) Kindb.
tum (Besch.) Wijk & Margad.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 10–20 mm. Alt 200–
G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC
1500 m. LIM, KZN, WC, EC
LEPTOTRICHELLA (Müll.Hal.) 9739450 PLATYNEURON (Cardot) Broth. 9739950

(1) Bartlett & Frahm. 1983. Journal of Bryology 12: 365–382.
Lindb. (2) Frahm. 1989. Tropical Bryology 1: 11–19.
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 124–126. (3) Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra. 1997. Fragmenta Floristica et Geo-
(2) Ochyra. 1997. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 42: 559–565. botanica 42: 567–570.
minuta (Hampe) Ochyra laticostatum (Cardot) Broth. = P. praealtum
Microdus minutus (Hampe) Besch. (2) praealtum (Mitt.) Ochyra & Bednarek-Ochyra
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt 620–1825 m. G, S, Chorisodontium falcatum Magill (1, 2, 3)
KZN, WC P. laticostatum (Cardot) Broth. (3)
BRYOPHYTA DICRANACEAE Campylopus

Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 30–70 mm. Alt 1375–2125 SPHAEROTHECIUM Hampe 9740100

m. WC (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 144–146.
(2) Frahm. 1986. The Bryologist 89: 152–154.
RHABDOWEISIA Bruch & 9759200 (3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Schimp. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 23.
(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical subchlorophyllosum (Müll.Hal.) J.-P.Frahm
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 37. Campylopus basalticolus (Müll.Hal.) Paris (2)
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 527–530. Campylopus subchlorophyllosus Müll.Hal. (2)
(3) Frahm et al. 2000. Tropical Bryology 18: 161–172. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–15 mm. Alt ?–2880 m. M,
crispata (Dicks. ex With.) Lindb. KZN, L, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 5 mm. Alt ± 2800 m. KZN
fugax (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. THYSANOMITRION Schwägr. 9740125
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 5 mm. Alt? M, KZN transvaaliense Herzog & Dixon = Campylopus flaccidus
DITRICHACEAE
ASTOMIOPSIS Müll.Hal 9736600 brachypodum (Müll.Hal.) Broth.

(1) Magill. 1987. Journal of Bryology 14: 527–530. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–5 mm. Alt 160–2440 m.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
(3) Snider et al. 1999. The Bryologist 102: 119–121. difficile (Duby) M.Fleisch.
amblyocalyx Müll.Hal. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 7–12 mm. Alt 50–1825 m.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–1.5 mm. Alt ± 2860 m. L LIM, G, M, S, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
magilliana Snider, K.L.Yip & J.R.Clark punctulatum Mitt.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2.5–5 mm. Alt ± 2000 m. KZN Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 30–70 mm. Alt ± 1825 m.
KZN, L, EC
CERATODON Brid. 9736700 strictum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Hampe
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 94–96. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 20–30 mm. Alt 2125–3240 m.
(2) Burley & Pritchard. 1990. Harvard Papers in Botany 2: 17–76.
KZN, L
ECCREMIDIUM Hook.f. & Wilson 9737100
purpureus (Hedw.) Brid. subsp. stenocarpus (Bruch & (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 88, 89.
Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) Dixon (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
C. stenocarpus Bruch & Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. (2) Survey of South Africa No. 62: 20.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 150–3000 m. exiguum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Wilson
LIM, G, M, KZN, L, WC, EC Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt
stenocarpus Bruch & Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. = C. pur- ± 1250–1550 m. LIM, G, KZN
pureus subsp. stenocarpus
PLEURIDIUM Rabenh. 9737200
CHEILOTHELA Lindb. ex Broth. 9736800 (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 83–88.
(2) Matsui & Iwatsuki. 1990. Journal of the Hattori Botanical
chilensis (Mont.) Broth. = Chrysoblastella chilensis Laboratory 68: 317–366.
CHRYSOBLASTELLA 9736900 Survey of South Africa No. 62: 20.
R.S.Williams (4) Arts. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 438–441.
(1) Buck. 1981. Brittonia 33: 453–456. (5) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 152.
(2) Magill 1987. Journal of Bryology 14: 527–530. acuminatum Lindb. = P. subulatum
chilensis (Mont.) Reimers ecklonii (Hampe ex Mitt.) Snider
Cheilothela chilensis (Mont.) Broth. (1) Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 5 mm. Alt ± 400–
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 20–35 mm. Alt ± 914 m. WC 900 m. KZN, WC
DISTICHIUM Bruch & Schimp. 9736900 nervosum (Hook.) Mitt.
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 98, 99. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 0.4–1 mm. Alt ± 800 m. FS,
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
papillosum Magill
capillaceum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 0.5 mm. Alt ± 400 m. WC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt 2000–3270 m. pappeanum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
KZN, L Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 3 mm. Alt? L, NC,
WC, EC
DITRICHUM Hampe 9737000
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 89–93. subulatum (Hedw.) Rabenh.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical P. acuminatum Lindb. (2)
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 20. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 0.5–3 mm. Alt? L, NC, WC, EC
DICRANACEAE Platyneuron BRYOPHYTA

SAELANIA Lindb. 9737300 TRISTICHIUM Müll.Hal. 9737400

(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 96–98. (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 99, 100.
glaucescens (Hedw.) Broth. mirabile (Müll.Hal.) Herzog
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt 2450–3240 m. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–15 mm. Alt 2800–3200 m.
FS, KZN, L KZN, L
ENCALYPTACEAE
ENCALYPTA Hedw. 9741600 Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 1825–3240 m.

(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 173–176. FS, KZN, L, EC
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical vulgaris Hedw.
ciliata Hedw. L, WC, EC
ENTODONTACEAE
ENTODON Müll.Hal. 9776500 Alt 300–3000 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC,

(1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 410–412. EC
(2) Townsend. 1991. Journal of Bryology 16: 601–605. natalensis Rehmann ex Müll.Hal.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 50 mm. Alt 900–
2000 m. M, KZN, L
cymbifolius Wager & Dixon
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 25–76 mm.
Alt 1200–2100 m. LIM, G, KZN, L ERYTHRODONTIUM Hampe 9776600
dregeanus (Hornsch.) Müll.Hal. = E. macropodus South Africa No. 43: 19.
geminidens (Besch.) Paris (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length ± 20 mm. Alt? M Survey of South Africa No. 62: 44.
macropodus (Hedw.) Müll.Hal. subjulaceum (Müll.Hal.) Paris
E. dregeanus (Hornsch.) Müll.Hal. (2) Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 76 mm. Alt ± 800 m. LIM, M, S
EPHEMERACEAE
EPHEMERUM Hampe 9747900 Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt 175–854 m.

(1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 305–309. NC, WC
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical rehmannii (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt 550–1400 m.
capense Müll.Hal. FS, KZN, WC, EC
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt ± 400–1600 m.
L, EC MICROMITRIUM Austin 9747950
diversifolium Mitt. (1) Blockeel et al. 2002. Journal of Bryology 24: 88–91.
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt ± 10 m. EC perexiguum (Müll.Hal.) Crosby
namaquense Magill Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt ± 1450 m. EC
BRYOPHYTA DITRICHACEAE Saelania

ERPODIACEAE
AULACOPILUM Wilson 9756100 coronatum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Mitt. subsp. trans-
(1) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 456–458. vaaliense (Broth. & Wager) Magill
trichophyllum Ångstr. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 10–20 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt ± 1000–1500 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, KZN
Alt ± 300–1600 m. LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, EC
distichum Wager & Dixon
ERPODIUM (Brid.) Brid. 9756200 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 10 mm.
Alt? M
beccarii Müll.Hal. grossirete Müll.Hal.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 20 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 10 mm.
Alt ± 150–1500 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN Alt ± 1000 m. N
EUSTICHIACEAE
EUSTICHIA (Brid.) Brid. 9752700 longirostris (Brid.) Brid.

(1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 399.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 50 mm. Alt
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 33. 1400–2450 m. FS, KZN, L
FABRONIACEAE
DIMERODONTIUM Mitt. 9769600 Alt 610–1200 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC

(1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 365, 366. leikipiae Müll.Hal.
(2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm.
Alt? LIM, M, EC
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 41. perciliata Müll.Hal.
africanum Müll.Hal. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 12–25 mm. Alt 914–2134 m. G, M, KZN, NC, WC
Alt ± 90–760 m. M, KZN, WC, EC pilifera Hornsch.
FABRONIA Raddi 9769700 Alt 15–2100 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS,
(1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 361–364. KZN, L, WC, EC
South Africa No. 43: 18, 19. rehmannii Müll.Hal.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 41. Alt 30–1800 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
abyssinica Müll.Hal. victoriae Dixon
Alt ± 2000–2100 m. G, KZN, L, WC, EC Alt ± 762 m. LIM, WC
breutelii Hampe wageri Dixon
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 12–50 mm.
Alt? WC Alt ± 305 m. WC
eckloniana Hampe
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm. ISCHYRODON Müll.Hal. 9770000
Alt? EC
(1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 364, 365.
gueinzii Hampe (2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 25–50 mm. South Africa No. 43: 19.
ERPODIACEAE Aulacopilum BRYOPHYTA

lepturus (Taylor) Schelpe
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 25–50 mm. fabroniacea Müll.Hal. var. abyssinica Dixon = L. perser-
Alt 15–914 m. N, NC, WC rata
LEVIERELLA Müll.Hal. 9776700 perserrata P.de la Varde & J.-F.Leroy

L. fabroniacea Müll.Hal. var. abyssinica Dixon (2)
(2) Bizot & Pócs. 1982. Acta Botanica Academiae Scientiarum Hungar- Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 80 mm. Alt 600–
icae 28: 51. 2100 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
FISSIDENTACEAE
FISSIDENS Hedw. 9735400 erosulus (Müll.Hal.) Paris

(1) Pursell & Reese. 1980 [1981]. The Bryologist 83: 559–562. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–6 mm. Alt 40–1970 m. B,
(2) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 39–68. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, NC
(3) Pursell. 1987. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 45:
639–660.
fasciculatus Hornsch.
(4) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. hydrophyte. Ht 10–20 mm.
Survey of South Africa 62: 18, 19. Alt up to 1525 m. M, KZN, WC
(5) Bruggeman-Nannenga. 1993. Tropical Bryology 8: 141–148.
(6) Bruggeman-Nannenga & Pursell. 1995 [1996]. Lindbergia 20: 49–55.
gladiolus Mitt.
Nanobryum dummeri Dixon (1)
(7) Bruggeman-Nannenga. 1997. Journal of the Hattori Botanical
Laboratory 81: 155–173. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 0.5 mm. Alt up to 50 m.
(8) Blockeel et al. 2003. Journal of Bryology 25: 142. KZN, EC
aciphyllus Dixon glaucescens Hornsch. = F. ovatus
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–4 mm. Alt up to 1725 m. hoeegii P.de la Varde
G, FS, KZN, EC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–6 mm. Alt ± 1500–1750 m.
asplenioides Hedw. LIM, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–15 mm. Alt ± 600–1980 m. intramarginatus (Hampe) Mitt.
LIM, NW, M, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht. up to 15 mm. Alt ± 1500 m.
beckettii Mitt. M.
F. simii Schelpe (7)
ischyrobryoides Müll.Hal. = F. rufescens
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–5 mm. Alt 500–1550 m. M,
KZN, EC lanceolatus Hampe = F. ovatus
bogosicus Müll.Hal. macleanus Shaw = F. curvatus var. curvatus
F. microandrogynus Dixon (7) macowanianus Müll.Hal. = F. megalotis subsp. mega-
F. parvilimbatus Sim (7) lotis
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–15 mm. Alt ± 300–3000 m.
marginatus Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. = F. rufescens
LIM, NW, M, KZN, WC, EC
borgenii Hampe megalotis Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. subsp. megalotis
F. macowanianus Müll.Hal. (6)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 2–3 mm. Alt 150– Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 8 mm. Alt? EC
1900 m. LIM, NW, M, FS, KZN, WC, EC
microandrogynus Dixon = F. bogosicus
borgenii Hampe var. obtusifolius Broth. & Dixon = F. scio-
phyllus forma sciophyllus mucronatus Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. = F. ovatus
breutelii Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. = F. rufescens nitens Rehmann ex E.S.Salmon = F. porrectuss
bryoides Hedw. ovatus Brid.
F. cymatophyllus Müll.Hal. (2, 7)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 10 mm. Alt 100–2987 m. F. glaucescens Hornsch. (7)
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC F. lanceolatus Hampe (2, 7)
capensis (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = F. palmifolius F. mucronatus Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. (2, 7)
F. procerior Broth. & Bryhn (2, 7)
capriviensis Magill F. rehmannii Müll.Hal. (2, 7)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 1–2 mm. Alt ± 980 m. N F. thunbergii Brid. (7)
F. zuluensis Broth. & Bryhn (2, 7)
curvatus Hornsch. var. curvatus
F. macleanus Shaw (7) Perennial. Bryophyte, semi-hydrophyte. Ht 5–10 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–3 mm. Alt up to 2440 m. Alt 50–3000 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC L, WC, EC
palmifolius (P.Beauv.) Broth.
cymatophyllus Müll.Hal. = F. ovatus F. capensis (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (3, 4)
enervis Sim Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 50–100 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 2 mm. Alt 750–1525 m. Alt 20–1900 m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC,
KZN WC, EC
BRYOPHYTA FABRONIACEAE Ischyrodon

parvilimbatus Sim = F. bogosicus N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC

plumosus Hornsch. scleromitrius (Besch.) Broth.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–7 mm. Alt 50–1980 m. LIM, Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 4–6 mm. Alt ± 900–1720 m.
NW, M, KZN, WC, EC KZN, L
porrectus Mitt. simii Schelpe = F. beckettii
F. nitens Rehmann ex E.S.Salmon (5)
splachnifolius Hornsch.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. hydrophyte. Ht 3–4 mm. Alt
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–2 mm. Alt ± 50–100 m. WC
± 600 m. KZN
stellenboschianus Dixon = F. pygmaeus
procerior Broth. & Bryhn = F. ovatus
submarginatus Bruch
pseudoserratus (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–5 mm. Alt 20–2000 m.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht up to 2 mm. Alt
LIM, G, M, S, KZN, NC, EC
30–1600 m. NW, KZN, EC
subobtusatus Müll.Hal. = F. sciophyllus forma scio-
pygmaeus Hornsch.
F. stellenboschianus Dixon (7) phyllus
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 4 mm. Alt up to 1600 m. thunbergii Brid. = F. ovatus
L, NC, WC usambaricus Broth.
rehmannii Müll.Hal. = F. ovatus Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–3 mm. Alt 150–1615 m.
rufescens Hornsch. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
F. breutelii Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. (2, 6) wageri Dixon
F. ischyrobryoides Müll.Hal. (6) Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht to 2 mm. Alt ± 50–1550 m.
F. marginatus Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. (6)
M, KZN, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 4–8 mm. Alt up to 2300 m.
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC zuluensis Broth. & Bryhn = F. ovatus
sciophyllus Mitt. forma sciophyllus
F. borgenii Hampe var. obtusifolius Broth. & Dixon (7) NANOBRYUM Dixon 9735450
F. subobtusatus Müll.Hal. (7)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–3 mm. Alt 620–2150 m. dummeri Dixon = Fissidens gladiolus
FONTINALACEAE
FONTINALIS Hedw. 9760200 Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 300

(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical mm. Alt ± 250 m. WC
Survey of South Africa 62: 37. squamosa Hedw.
Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 400
antipyretica Hedw. var. gracilis (Lindb.) Schimp. mm. Alt ± 250 m. WC
FUNARIACEAE
CYGNICOLLUM Fife & Magill 9748400 marginatus Müll.Hal. = Funaria limbata

(1) Magill. 1987. FSA. Bryophyta 1,2: 314–317. marginatus Müll.Hal. var. obtusatus Sim = Funaria limbata
Survey of South Africa 62: 30. rottleri (Schwägr.) Müll.Hal. = Funaria rottleri
immersum Fife & Magill spathulatus (Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) Sim = Funaria spathu-
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt ± 800 m. NC lata
subnudus (Taylor) Fife var. subcuspidatus (Broth.) Fife
ENTOSTHODON Schwägr. 9748500 Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt ± 2500 m. L
bergianus (Hornsch.) Müll.Hal. = Funaria bergiana FUNARIA Hedw. 9748600
campylopodioides Müll.Hal. = Funaria rottleri (1) Magill. 1987. FSA. Bryophyta 1,2: 319–330.
dixonii Sim = Funaria longicollis Survey of South Africa 62: 29, 30.
gracilescens Müll.Hal. = Funaria limbata ampliretis (Rehmann ex Müll.Hal.) Broth. = F. limbata
FISSIDENTACEAE Fissidens BRYOPHYTA

bergiana (Hornsch.) Broth. urceolata (Mitt.) Magill

Entosthodon bergianus (Hornsch.) Müll.Hal. (1) Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–3 mm. Alt 300– 1350–1500 m. FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
3000 m. N, LIM, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
clavata (Mitt.) Magill GONIOMITRIUM Hook.f. & 9748700
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt 50– Wilson
1000 m. NC, WC
(1) Magill. 1987. FSA. Bryophyta 1,2: 311–313.
hygrometrica Hedw. (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–8 mm. Alt Survey of South Africa 62: 30.
20–2550 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, africanum (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
NC, WC, EC Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–2 mm. Alt 150–
limbata (Müll.Hal.) Broth. 1550 m. N, NW, G, FS, L, NC, WC
Entosthodon gracilescens Müll.Hal. (1)
Entosthodon marginatus Müll.Hal. (1)
Entosthodon marginatus Müll.Hal. var. obtusatus Sim (1) MICROPOMA Lindb. 9748800
F. ampliretis (Rehmann ex Müll.Hal.) Broth. (1) (1) Magill. 1987. FSA. Bryophyta 1,2: 314.
F. micropyxis (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (1) (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–2 mm. Alt Survey of South Africa 62: 30.
200–2100 m. LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, WC, EC (3) Blockeel et al. 2003. Journal of Bryology 25: 142.
longicollis Dixon niloticum (Delile) Lindb.

Entosthodon dixonii Sim (1) Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 3 mm. Alt ± 50–1000
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–5 mm. Alt 600– m. N, KZN
1200 m. LIM, NW, M
micropyxis (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = F. limbata PHYSCOMITRELLOPSIS Broth. 9748900
rhomboidea J. Shaw & Wager
F. schinzii (Geh.) Broth. (1) (1) Magill. 1987. FSA. Bryophyta 1,2: 317, 318.
Physcomitrium rivale (Geh.) Broth. (1) (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–3 mm. Alt 1000– Survey of South Africa 62: 30.
1500 m. N, M, FS, EC africana Wager & Broth. ex Dixon
rottleri (Schwägr.) Broth. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–2 mm. Alt ± 10 m. KZN, EC
Entosthodon campylopodioides Müll.Hal. (1)
Entosthodon rottleri (Schwägr.) Müll.Hal. (1)
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–5 mm. Alt 200– PHYSCOMITRIUM (Brid.) Brid. 9749000
3000 m. LIM, NW, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (1) Magill. 1987. FSA. Bryophyta 1,2: 318, 319.
schinzii (Geh.) Broth. = F. rhomboidea Survey of South Africa 62: 30.
spathulata Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. rivale (Geh.) Broth. = Funaria rhomboidea
Entosthodon spathulatus (Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) Sim (1)
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt 60– spathulatum Müll.Hal. var. sessile (J.Shaw) Magill
3000 m. KZN, L, NC, WC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 6 mm. Alt? NC, EC
succuleata (Wager & C.H.Wright) Broth. ex Magill spathulatum Müll.Hal. var. spathulatum
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt ± 60– Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 6 mm. Alt 60–1700 m.
2000 m. M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC N, LIM, G, M, KZN, NC, WC, EC
GIGASPERMACEAE
CHAMAEBRYUM Thér. & Dixon 9747200 repens (Hook.) Lindb.

(1) Magill. 1987. FSA. Bryophyta 1,2: 301–303. Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–5 mm. Alt ± 180–
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical 1500 m. N, FS, L, NC, WC
pottioides Thér. & Dixon
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–6 mm. Alt 300–1737 m. N,
OEDIPODIELLA Dixon 9747400
(1) Magill. 1987. FSA. Bryophyta 1,2: 303.
KZN, L, NC, WC (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
GIGASPERMUM Lindb. 9747300
(1) Magill. 1987. FSA. Bryophyta 1,2: 299–301.
australis (Wager & Dixon) Dixon
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–5 mm. Alt 900–2300 m.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 29. LIM, G, KZN, L, EC
BRYOPHYTA FUNARIACEAE Funaria

GRIMMIACEAE
GRIMMIA Hedw. 9746400 KZN, L

(1) Magill. 1981. FSA. Bryophyta 1,1: 274–278. sanii Greven = G. fuscolutea
(2) Kis. 1985. Mosses of South-east tropical Africa: 1–170.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical senilis J.Shaw = G. laevigata
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 28. trichophylla Grev.
(4) Greven. 1996. The Bryologist 99: 428–432. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 30 mm. Alt 650–2860 m.
(5) Muñoz. 1999. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 86: 118–191.
(6) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 133–155. KZN, L, WC, EC
(7) Muñoz & Pando. 2000. Monographs in Systematic Botany from
the Missouri Botanical Garden 83: 1–133. LEUCOPERICHAETIUM Magill 9746500
apocarpa Hedw. = Schistidium apocarpum (1) Magill. 1981. FSA. Bryophyta 1,1: 271–274.
argyrotricha Müll.Hal. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 29.
L, WC eremophilum Magill
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt ± 1000 m. N
campestris Burch. ex Hook. = G. laevigata
commutata Huebener, illegitimate name (7) RACOMITRIUM Brid. 9746600
donniana Sm. (1) Magill. 1981. FSA. Bryophyta 1,1: 278–281.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 20 mm. Alt 2900–3240 m. (2) Ochyra et al. 1988. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de
KZN, L Belgique 58: 225–258.
(3) Ochyra & Hertel. 1990. Polish Botanical Studies 1: 19–34.
drakensbergensis Sim = G. pulvinata (4) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
elongata Kaulf. (5) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 133–155.
KZN, L crispipilum (Taylor) A.Jaeger
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt ± 2900 m. KZN
fuscolutea Hook.
G. sanii Greven (4, 5) crispulum (Hook.f. & Wilson) Hook.f. & Wilson
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 20 mm. Alt 2750–3280 m. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 20–70 mm. Alt 100–3150 m.
FS, KZN, L KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
laevigata (Brid.) Brid. lamprocarpum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
G. campestris Burch. ex Hook. (1, 7) Grimmia nigro-viridis Hook. & Taylor ex Brid. var. robusticula
G. senilis J.Shaw (1, 7) Müll.Hal. (4)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 20 mm. Alt 100–2450 R. nigro-viride (Müll.Hal.) Paris (4)
R. pseudoaciculare (Müll.Hal.) Paris (4)
m. FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
leptotricha Müll.Hal. = G. pulvinata WC
longirostris Hook. lanuginosum (Hedw.) Brid.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 600–3240 m. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 40–80 mm. Alt 600–1550 m.
FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC WC, EC
nigro-viridis Hook. & Taylor ex Brid. var. robusticula nigro-viride (Müll.Hal.) Paris = R. lamprocarpum
Müll.Hal.= Racomitrium lamprocarpum
pseudoaciculare (Müll.Hal.) Paris = R. lamprocarpum
pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm.
G. drakensbergensis Sim (1)
G. leptotricha Müll.Hal. (1, 7) SCHISTIDIUM Bruch & Schimp. 9746700
G. pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. var. africana (Hedw.) Hook. & Wilson (1, 7) (1) Bremer. 1980. Lindbergia 6: 89–117.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–15 mm. Alt 100–3270 m. (2) Magill. 1981. FSA. Bryophyta 1,1: 274, 275.
N, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
pulvinata (Hedw.) Sm. var. africana (Hedw.) Hook. &
apocarpum (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp.
Wilson = G. pulvinata Grimmia apocarpa Hedw. (1)
reflexidens Müll.Hal. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–30 mm. Alt 100–3270
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 15 mm. Alt ± 3000–3200 m. m. M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
GRIMMIACEAE Grimmia BRYOPHYTA

HEDWIGIACEAE
BRAUNIA Bruch & Schimp. 9761200 HEDWIGIDIUM Bruch & Schimp. 9761400
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA. Bryophyta 1,3: 545–548. (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA. Bryophyta 1,3: 548, 549.
secunda (Hook.) Bruch & Schimp. integrifolium (P.Beauv.) Dixon
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 20–70 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 50 mm. Alt 400–
Alt 450–2450 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC 3150 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
HEDWIGIA P.Beauv. 9761300 RHACOCARPUS Lindb. 9761500

Survey of South Africa No. 62: 37. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 37, 38.
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA. Bryophyta 1,3: 544, 545. (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA. Bryophyta 1,3: 541–544.
ciliata (Hedw.) P.Beauv. purpurascens (Brid.) Paris
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 70 m. Alt 1250– Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 100 mm. Alt 50–
2150 m. LIM, M, KZN, L, EC 2400 m. LIM, M, L, WC
HYPNACEAE
CHRYSO-HYPNUM Hampe 9779500 Alt ± 90–3240 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC

(1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 418. cupressiforme Hedw. var. filiforme Brid.
(2) Ochyra & Sharp. 1988. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 60 mm. Alt?
65: 370.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Survey
WC
of South Africa 62: 45. cupressiforme Hedw. var. lacunosum Brid.
(4) O’Shea. 1995. Tropical Bryology 10: 116. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 100 mm.
cavifolium (Dixon) Ochyra & Sharp Alt ± 1360–3240 m. LIM, S, KZN, L, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 100 mm. cupressiforme Hedw. var. mossmanianum (Müll.Hal.)
Alt ± 762–1900 m. LIM, M, KZN Ando
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 30 mm. Alt
ECTROPOTHECIUM Mitt. 9779600 ± 200–1150 m. WC, EC
(2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South macrogynum Besch.
Africa No. 43: 20. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 100
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Survey mm. Alt ± 1580–3050 m. LIM, M, L, KZN, EC
of South Africa No. 62: 45.
(4) O’Shea. 1995. Tropical Bryology 10: 120, 121. ISOPTERYGIUM Mitt. 9779800
brachycarpum (Dixon) Magill (1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 426–430.
E. brevisetum Dixon, illegitimate name (2) (2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm. Africa No. 43: 23.
Alt? LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC (3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Survey
of South Africa No. 62: 45.
brevisetum Dixon, illegitimate name = E. brachycarpum
leucophanes (Hampe ex Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
perrotii Renauld & Cardot Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 12–25 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 30 mm. Alt ± 1200 m. M Alt 61–1200 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
regulare (Brid.) A.Jaeger leucopsis (Müll.Hal.) Paris
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 100 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 30 mm.
Alt 30–2100 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC Alt up to 1000 m. NW, M, KZN
HYPNUM Hedw. 9779700 punctulatum Broth. & Wager
(1) Ando. 1989. Hikobia 10: 269–291. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 75 mm.
(2) Ando. 1992. Hikobia 11: 111–123. Alt? NW, KZN, WC
(3) Ando. 1995. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 40: 189–196. strangulatum (Hampe ex Müll.Hal.) Broth.
cupressiforme Hedw. var. cupressiforme Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 75 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 100 mm. Alt ± 60–300 m. WC, EC
BRYOPHYTA HEDWIGIACEAE Braunia

taxithellioides Broth. & Bryhn RHACOPILOPSIS Renauld & 9780050

Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm. Cardot
Alt ± 600 m. KZN (1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
taylorii Sim Survey of South Africa No. 62: 44.
(2) Buck. 1993. Tropical Bryology 8: 215, 216.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 50 mm. Alt ± 1000 m. (3) Watling & O’Shea. 2000. Journal of Bryology 22: 207–216.
WC
flexilis (Renauld & Cardot) W.R.Buck = R. variegata
MITTENOTHAMNIUM Henn. 9780000 transvaaliensis (Thér. & Dixon) W.R.Buck = R. trini-
(1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 418–421. tensis
South Africa No. 43: 24. trinitensis (Müll.Hal.) E.Britton & Dixon
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Heterophyllium transvaaliense (Thér. & Dixon) Thér. & P.de la Varde (3)
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 45. R. transvaaliensis (Thér. & Dixon) W.R.Buck (3)
(4) Buck. 1993. Tropical Bryology 8: 214. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length? Alt 1400–1900 m.
ctenidioides (Dixon) Schelpe LIM, KZN
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm. variegata (Welw. & Duby) M.C.Watling & O’Shea
Alt? EC Heterophyllium flexile (Renauld & Cardot) Thér. & P.de la Varde (3)
R. flexilis (Renauld & Cardot) W.R.Buck (3)
cygnicollum (Dixon) Wijk & Margad. = M. reptans Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length? Alt ± 914 m.
horridulum (Broth.) Cardot LIM, KZN
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm.
Alt ± 1300 m. KZN
patens (Hampe) Cardot
VESICULARIA (Müll.Hal.) 9780100
Müll.Hal.
Alt 300–2400 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC (2) Corley et al. 1981. Journal of Bryology 11: 642.
pseudoreptans (Müll.Hal.) Cardot (3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 75 mm. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 45.
Alt 600–1900 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC galerulata (Duby) Broth.
V. sphaerocarpa (A.Jaeger) Broth. (2)
reptans (Hedw.) Cardot
M. cygnicollum (Dixon) Wijk & Margad. (4) Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 100 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 75 mm. Alt 500–1200 m. N, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
Alt 400–1900 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC sphaerocarpa (A.Jaeger) Broth. = V. galerulata
HYPOPTERYGIACEAE
HYPOPTERYGIUM Brid. 9768700 Alt 20–2150 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC

Survey of South Africa No. 62: 40. LOPIDIUM Hook.f. & Wilson 9769000
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 614–617. (1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(3) Pfeiffer et al. 2000. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory Survey of South Africa No. 62: 41.
89: 55–70. (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 609–612.
(4) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: 107. (3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology:
laricinum (Hook.) Brid. = H. tamarisci 107.
tamarisci (Sw.) Brid. ex Müll.Hal. pennaeforme (Thunb. ex Brid.) M.Fleisch.
H. laricinum (Hook.) Brid. (3) Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 10–35 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 20–40 mm. Alt 50–1300 m. KZN, WC, EC
LEPTODONTACEAE
FORSSTROEMIA Lindb. 9766200 producta (Hornsch.) Paris

Survey of South Africa No. 62: 38. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 15–40 mm.
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 585–588. Alt 20–1900 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
HYPNACEAE Isopterygium BRYOPHYTA

LEPTODON D.Mohr 9766300 smithii (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr

(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 20–50
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 38. mm. Alt up to 2200 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS,
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 588, 589. KZN, WC, EC
LESKEACEAE
LEPTOPTERIGYNANDRUM 9771600 Alt 15–2100 m. LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC

Müll.Hal. viridis Dixon
(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 5–15 mm.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 42. Alt 300–1500 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
110.
austro-alpinum Müll.Hal. PSEUDOLESKEA Bruch & Schimp. 9771900
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt ± 2800 m. KZN, L (1) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of
LESKEELLA (Limpr.) Loeske 9771700 (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 416
(1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 379.
(2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of claviramea (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger = Pseudoleskeopsis clavi-
South Africa No. 43: 19. ramea
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 41. leskeoides (Paris) Müll.Hal.
zuluensis Broth. & Bryhn Alt 600–2800 m. LIM, G, M, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 20 mm.
Alt ± 800 m. KZN
PSEUDOLESKEOPSIS Broth. 9772000
LINDBERGIA Kindb. 9771800 (1) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of
(1) Sim. 1926. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 15: South Africa No. 43: 19.
379–381. (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of Survey of South Africa No. 62: 41, 42.
South Africa No. 43: 19. (3) O’Shea. 1995. Tropical Bryology 10: 91–198.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical claviramea (Müll.Hal.) Thér.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 41. Pseudoleskea claviramea (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger (1, 3)
haplocladioides Dixon Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 50
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 6–12 mm. Alt mm. Alt 60–2500 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN,
1200–2000 m. NW, M, FS, KZN, EC L, WC, EC
patentifolia Dixon pseudo-attenuata (Müll.Hal.) Thér.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 50 Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length? Alt 150–
mm. Alt ± 700–2100 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, EC 2200 m. M, KZN, L, WC, EC
pseudoleskeoides Dixon unilateralis Dixon
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 75 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt? EC
LEUCOBRYACEAE
LEUCOBRYUM Hampe 9739500 50–1970 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC

(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 156–159. madagassum Besch.
(3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: LIM, M, S
100. rehmannii Müll.Hal.
acutifolium (Mitt.) Cardot Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 10–20 mm. Alt
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt ± 400 m. WC, EC
BRYOPHYTA LEPTODONTACEAE Leptodon

LEUCODONTACEAE
FELIPPONEA Broth. 9762550 assimilis (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger var. humilis Sim =

(1) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 553–556. Felipponea assimilis
(2) O’Shea. 2001. Tropical Bryology 20: 43–49.
assimilis (Müll.Hal.) O’Shea
Leucodon assimilis (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger (2) PTEROGONIUM Sw. 9762700
Leucodon assimilis (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger var. humilis Sim (2) (1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 40–100 mm. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 38.
Alt 20–2000 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 556, 557.
gracile (Hedw.) Sm.

LEUCODON Schwägr. 9762600 Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 15–35
assimilis (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger = Felipponea assimilis mm. Alt up to 1500 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
MEESIACEAE
LEPTOBRYUM (Schimp.) Wilson 9750400 pyriforme (Hedw.) Wilson

(1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 355–357. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 25 mm. Alt up to 2591
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical m. KZN, L, WC, EC
(3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: wilsonii (Mitt.) Broth.
103. Pohlia integra (Cardot) A.J.Shaw (4)
(4) Arts. 2001. Journal of Bryology 23: 325–330. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 30 mm. Alt ± 1650 m. L
METEORIACEAE
AEROBRYOPSIS M.Fleisch. 9765300 PILOTRICHELLA (Müll.Hal.) 9765600

(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Besch.
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 579–581. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 39.
capensis (Müll.Hal.) M.Fleisch. (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 575–578.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 200 mm. pandurifolia (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
Alt 50–1800 m. LIM, M, KZN, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 20–150
mm. Alt 50–1800 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
FLORIBUNDARIA M.Fleisch. 9765400
SQUAMIDIUM (Müll.Hal.) Broth. 9765700
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 583, 584. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 39.
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 578, 579.
floribunda (Dozy & Molk.) M.Fleisch.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 10–40 mm. biforme (Hampe) Broth. = S. brasiliense
Alt 950–2150 m. LIM, M, KZN brasiliense (Hornsch.) Broth.
S. biforme (Hampe) Broth. (2)
PAPILLARIA (Müll.Hal.) Lorentz 9765500 Alt 100–2120 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 582, 583. TRACHYPODOPSIS M.Fleisch. 9763700
africana (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger Survey of South Africa No. 62: 38.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 400 mm. (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 560–564.
Alt 50–2050 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC (3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: 112.
LEUCODONTACEAE Felipponea BRYOPHYTA

serrulata (P.Beauv.) M.Fleisch. (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 560–564.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 20–100 mm. (3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: 112.
Alt 1050–1970 m. M
bicolor Reinw. & Hornsch. var. viridulus (Mitt.) Zanten
TRACHYPUS Reinw. & Hornsch. 9763800
(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 38. Alt 300–1640 m. M, KZN
MNIACEAE
MIELICHHOFERIA Nees & 9750500 POHLIA Hedw. 9750900

Hornsch. (1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 349–354.
(1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: . 338–341. (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 62: 32.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 32. (3) Arts. 1995. Journal of Bryology 18: 791–796.
(3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: 105. (4) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology:
105.
bryoides (Harv.) Wijk & Margad.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–10 mm. Alt 150–3200 m. baronii Wijk & Margad.
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 1075–3200 m.
LIM, G, M, KZN, L
subnuda Sim
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–5 mm. Alt 750–2600 m. cruda (Hedw.) Lindb.
FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–30 mm. Alt 2425–3270 m.
KZN, L
PLAGIOMNIUM T.J.Kop. 9752200 elongata Hedw.
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
rhynchophorum (Hook.) T.J.Kop. var. reidii (Dixon) integra (Cardot) A.J.Shaw = Leptobryum wilsonii
T.J.Kop. nutans (Hedw.) Lindb.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 40 mm. Alt 50– Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt ± 750–1680 m.
3000 m. M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC WC, EC
MYRINIACEAE
HELICODONTIUM (Mitt.) 9769800 Survey of South Africa No. 62: 41.

A.Jaeger (4) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology:
112.
(2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of lanceolatum (Hampe & Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
South Africa No. 43: 19. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 25–75 mm.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Alt 60–1200 m. M, KZN, WC, EC
NECKERACEAE
NECKERA Hedw. 9766800 PINNATELLA M.Fleisch. 9767300

(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 590, 591. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 39.
(2) Enroth. 1994. Acta Botanica Fennica 151: 32–37.
valentiniana Besch. (3) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 592, 593.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 40–60 mm. (4) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology:
Alt 20–2000 m. LIM, NW, M, KZN, WC, EC 117.
BRYOPHYTA METEORIACEAE Trachypodopsis

minuta (Mitt.) Broth. (2) Enroth & Hodgetts. 1996. Journal of Bryology 19: 135–141.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 8–12 mm. Alt 1075–1375 (3) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 459–461.
m. KZN 117.
POROTHAMNIUM M.Fleisch. 9767400 elongatum (Welw. & Duby) A.Gepp

(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 30–120 mm.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 40. Alt ± 1200–1500 m. LIM, M, KZN
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 593–596. madagassum Kiaer ex Besch.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 60–100 m. Alt
stipitatum (Mitt.) Touw ex De Sloover 50–2400 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
molliculum Broth. = P. usagarum
Alt 50–1800 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
usagarum Mitt.
POROTRICHUM (Brid.) Hampe 9767500 P. molliculum Broth. (2, 3)
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 40. Alt 300–1800 m. LIM, M, KZN, EC
ORTHODONTIACEAE
ORTHODONTIUM Schwägr. 9750700 (3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology:
104.
(1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 336, 337. lineare Schwägr.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–5 mm. Alt 100–500 m. KZN,
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 32. WC
ORTHOTRICHACEAE
CARDOTIELLA Vitt 9758000 (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 511–519.
(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical confusum Mitt. = Macrocoma tenuis subsp. tenuis
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 36. lebomboense Van Rooy
secunda (Müll.Hal.) Vitt Alt 5–340 m. KZN, EC
Macromitrium secundum Müll.Hal. (2)
levatum Mitt.
Alt 20–750 m. KZN, WC, EC
Alt 600–1970 m. LIM, M, KZN, EC
MACROCOMA (Hornsch. ex 9758100 macropelma Müll.Hal.
Müll.Hal.) Grout Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 60 mm.
(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Alt up to 500 m. WC
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 36. richardii Schwägr.
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 506–511. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length? Alt 30–500 m.
lycopodioides (Schwägr.) Vitt KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 90 mm. secundum Müll.Hal. = Cardotiella secunda
Alt 50–2200 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
serpens (Bruch ex Hook. & Grev.) Brid.
pulchella (Hornsch.) Vitt Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 100 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm. Alt 100–800 m. KZN, WC, EC
Alt ± 450–600 m. WC
tenuis (Hook. & Grev.) Vitt subsp. tenuis ORTHOTRICHUM Hedw. 9758300
Macromitrium confusum Mitt. (2) (1) Lewinsky. 1978. Botanisk Tidsskrift 72: 61–85.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 150 mm. (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Alt 10–3000 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Survey of South Africa No. 62: 36.
MACROMITRIUM Brid. 9758200 armatum Lewinsky & Van Rooy
(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 10–15 mm. Alt ± 1580
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 36. m. EC
NECKERACEAE Pinnatella BRYOPHYTA

diaphanum (Schrad. ex Brid.) Lindb. STONEOBRYUM D.H.Norris & 9758500

O. piliferum Schimp. ex Sim, illegitimate name (2) H.Rob.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht up to 13 mm. Alt (1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
10–1700 m. M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Survey of South Africa No. 62: 37.
firmum Venturi (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 502, 503.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 15–25 mm. Alt ± mirum (Lewinsky) D.H.Norris & H.Rob.
1050–1524 m. LIM, KZN, EC Orthotrichum mirum Lewinsky (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht up to 15 mm. Alt
incurvomarginatum Lewinsky & Van Rooy 1075–1850 m. KZN
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 8–26 mm. Alt
600–1006 m. NC, WC ULOTA D.Mohr 9758600
macleai Rehmann ex Sim = O. rupestre (1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
mirum Lewinsky = Stoneobryum mirum (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 504, 505.
oreophilum Lewinsky & Van Rooy ecklonii (Hornsch.) A.Jaeger
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–28 mm. Alt 3012–3270 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht up to 18 mm. Alt ±
m. L 1000 m. WC
piliferum Schimp. ex Sim, illegitimate name = O. ZYGODON Hook. & Taylor 9758700
diaphanum
rupestre Schleich. ex Schwägr. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 36.
O. macleai Rehmann ex Sim (1) (2) Arts. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 429–447.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 5–40 mm. Alt (3) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta: 477–486.
± 1250–3100 m. KZN, L, WC, EC corralensis Lorentz
subexsertum Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt ± 400 m. WC
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 5–18 mm. Alt dixonii Sim
50–2100 m. KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 8 mm. Alt ± 2150 m.
KZN
transvaaliense Rehmann ex Sim
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 3–13 mm. Alt ± erosus Mitt.
1700 m. LIM, FS, KZN Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht up to 50 mm. Alt
700–2150 m. M, KZN
intermedius Bruch & Schimp.
Z. transvaaliensis Rehmann ex Sim (3)
SCHLOTHEIMIA Brid. 9758400 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht up to 25 mm. Alt
(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical 920–2860 m. LIM, M, KZN, L, EC
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 36. leptobolax Müll.Hal.
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 519–524. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht up to 11 mm. Alt ±
ferruginea (Bruch ex Hook. & Grev.) Brid. 900 m. WC
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 120 mm. runcinatus Müll.Hal.
Alt 50–2150 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 40 mm. Alt 450–1000
percuspidata Müll.Hal. m. WC
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 70 mm. simii Dixon = Leptodontium viticulosoides
Alt 800–2050 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC transvaaliensis Rehmann ex Sim = Z. intermedius
rufopallens Müll.Hal. trichomitrius Hook. & Wilson
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 70 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht up to 40 mm. Alt
Alt 20–2150 m. LIM, KZN, WC, EC 800–2050 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
PILOTRICHACEAE
CALLICOSTELLA (Müll.Hal.) 9768100 CYCLODICTYON Mitt. 9768300

Mitt. (1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 62: 40.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 40. (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 605–608.
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 604, 605. (3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology:
107.
tristis (Müll.Hal.) Broth. vallis-gratiae (Hampe ex Müll.Hal.) Kuntze
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 15–30 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt 100–1550 m.
Alt ± 10–1500 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, WC, EC
BRYOPHYTA ORTHOTRICHACEAE Orthotrichum

HOOKERIOPSIS (Besch.) A.Jaeger 9768600 LEPIDOPILIDIUM (Müll.Hal.) 9768800

(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Broth.
(2) Lin & Tan. 1995. Harvard Papers in Botany 7: 25–68. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 41.
(3) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 605–608. (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 609–612.
pappeana (Hampe) A.Jaeger = H. utacamundiana 107.
utacamundiana (Mont.) Broth.
H. pappeana (Hampe) A.Jaeger (2) hanningtonii (Mitt.) Broth.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 10–30 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 20–40 mm.
Alt 50–1750 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Alt 560–1300 m. M, S, KZN, EC
PLAGIOTHECIACEAE
PLAGIOTHECIUM Bruch & 9777300 membranosulum Müll.Hal.

Schimp. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 75 mm. Alt 250–
1900 m. M, KZN, L, WC
Africa No. 43: 20. rhynchostegioides Müll.Hal.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 50–100
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 44. mm. Alt 12–2400 m. G, KZN, WC, EC
POLYTRICHACEAE
ATRICHUM P.Beauv. 9781100 POGONATUM P.Beauv. 9781300

(1) Fanshawe. 1980. A revision of the southern African species of (1) Fanshawe. 1980. A revision of the southern African species of Poly-
Polytrichaceae: 26–29. trichaceae: 30–44.
(2) De Sloover. 1986. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de (2) De Sloover. 1986. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique
Belgique 56: 241–300. 56: 241–300.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical (3) Hyvönen. 1989. Acta Botanica Fennica 138: 1–87.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 45, 46. (4) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
androgynum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 53 mm. Alt 150–2104 belangeri (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt up to 2200 m. LIM, M
borgenii (Hampe) A.Jaeger = P. capense
OLIGOTRICHUM DC. 9781200
(1) Fanshawe. 1980. A revision of the southern African species of capense (Hampe) A.Jaeger
Polytrichaceae: 64–77. P. borgenii (Hampe) A.Jaeger (2, 3)
(2) De Sloover. 1986. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Polytrichum transvaaliense Müll.Hal. (1)
Belgique 56: 241–300. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 16 mm. Alt 300–2100
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
oligodus (Kunze ex Müll.Hal.) Mitt. = P. perichaetiale
afrolaevigatum (Dixon) G.L.Sm. subsp. oligodus
KZN, L perichaetiale subsp. oligodus (Kunze ex Müll.Hal.)
Hyvönen
capense Schelpe & Fanshawe P. oligodus (Kunze ex Müll.Hal.) Mitt. (3)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 6–10 mm. Alt 300–2800 m. P. simense (Bruch & Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger (3)
KZN, WC Polytrichum natalense Sim (1, 2, 3)
tetragonum Schelpe & Fanshawe Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 12 mm. Alt 1200–3200
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–15 mm. Alt ± 1000 m. m. M, FS, KZN, L
WC simense (Bruch & Schimp. ex Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger = P.
wageri (Broth.) G.L.Sm. perichaetiale subsp. oligodus
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–5 mm. Alt ± 2800 m. FS, usambaricum (Broth.) Paris
KZN Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt ± 900 m. LIM
PILOTRICHACEAE Hookeriopsis BRYOPHYTA

POLYTRICHASTRUM G.L.Sm. 9781400 LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC

(1) Fanshawe. 1980. A revision of the southern African species of Poly- commune Hedw. var. trichodes (Müll.Hal.) Dixon = P.
trichaceae: 59–63. commune
(2) De Sloover. 1986. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique
56: 241–300. juniperinum Hedw.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 30 mm. Alt ± 1200–
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 46. 1700 m. FS, L, WC, EC
formosum (Hedw.) G.L.Sm. natalense Sim = Pogonatum perichaetiale subsp. oligo-
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 17 mm. Alt? WC dus
POLYTRICHUM Hedw. 9781500 piliferum Hedw.
(1) Fanshawe. 1980. A revision of the southern African species of Poly-
trichaceae: 45–58. L, NC, WC, EC
(2) De Sloover. 1986. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique subformosum Besch. = P. subpilosum P.Beauv.
56: 241–300.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical subpilosum P.Beauv.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 46. P. subformosum Besch. (2)
commune Hedw. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 25 mm. Alt ± 800–1900
P. commune Hedw. var. trichodes (Müll.Hal.) Dixon (1) m. M, S, WC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 25–237 mm. Alt 300–2800 m. transvaaliense Müll.Hal. = Pogonatum capense
POTTIACEAE
ACAULON Müll.Hal. 9742100 wilmsianum (Müll.Hal.) Paris

(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical LIM, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
(3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences BARBULA Hedw. 9742500
32: 279, 280.
(4) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 133–155.
leucochaete I.G.Stone Survey of South Africa No. 62: 24.
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 0.5 mm. Alt ± 850–1150 m. (3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
32: 282–292.
NC, WC (4) Sollman. 1993. Tropical Bryology 8: 175–179.
recurvatum Magill (5) Frahm et al. 1996. Tropical Bryology 12: 123–153.
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 0.5 mm. Alt up to 1100 m. (6) Arts. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 429–447.
(7) Sollman. 1998. Tropical Bryology 14: 21–24.
NC, WC
acutata Müll.Hal. = Pseudocrossidium replicatum
robustum Broth. ex G.Roth
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt ± 1600 m. L afrofontana (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = B. bolleana
rufochaete Magill = Microbryum rufochaete bolleana (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
B. afrofontana (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (4, 5)
uleanum Müll.Hal. B. ehrenbergii (Lorentz) M.Fleisch. (5)
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt ± 1600 m. L Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 50 mm. Alt 3–1650 m.
N, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
ALOINA Kindb. 9742200
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 193, 194.
calycina Schwägr.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–20 mm. Alt? WC
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 24. convoluta Hedw.
(3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
32: 280.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt 50–830 m. WC
(4) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 133–155. circinalis Müll.Hal. = Tortula atrovirens
bifrons (De Not.) Delgad. crinita Schultz = Pseudocrossidium crinitum
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 3 mm. Alt 500–1450 m. ehrenbergii (Lorentz) M.Fleisch. = B. bolleana
NC, WC eubryum Müll.Hal.
brevirostris (Hook. & Grev.) Kindb. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–15 mm. Alt ± 600–1650 m.
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt ± 1600 m. L LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
hornschuchiana Schultz = Pseudocrossidium horn-
ANOECTANGIUM Schwägr. 9742300 schuchianum
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical indica (Hook.) Spreng.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 24. B. rehmannii Müll.Hal. (4)
(3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences Semibarbula orientalis (F.Weber) Wijk & Margad. (1, 3)
32: 280, 281. Tortula rehmannii (Müll.Hal.) Sim (4)
BRYOPHYTA POLYTRICHACEAE Polytrichastrum

Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–8 mm. Alt up to 1700 m. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 25.
LIM, G, M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC (5) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
32: 295–300.
lepto-tortella Müll.Hal. = Trichostomum tenuirostre
afrorubellus Broth. & Wager = Bryoerythrophyllum
microcalycina Magill campylocarpum
australasii (Hook. & Grev.) R.H.Zander
FS, KZN, L Trichostomopsis australasiae (Hook. & Grev.) H.Rob. (1, 5)
parvula (Hook. & Grev.) Spreng. = Tortula atrovirens Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 10 mm. Alt 100–2025
rehmannii Müll.Hal. = B. indica m. N, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC
torquatifolia Geh. = Pseudocrossidium porphyre- capensis Spreng. = Tortula atrovirens
oneurum ceratodonteus (Müll.Hal.) Dixon
torquescens Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. = Pseudocrossidium Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–50 mm. Alt 300–3000 m.
crinitum N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC,
EC
unguiculata Hedw.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt 150–1800 m. WC jackvancei R.H.Zander
Husnotiella plicata Magill (5)
BRYOERYTHROPHYLLUM 9742600 Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–4 mm. Alt ± 2400 m. L
P.C.Chen tophaceopsis R.H.Zander
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 246–249. Gyroweisia amplexicaulis Sim (2, 5)
(2) Zander. 1986. The Bryologist 89: 13–16. Husnotiella latifolia (Dixon) R.H.Zander & Magill (5)
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–4 mm. Alt ± 1500 m. N,
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 28. FS, KZN, NC
32: 292, 293. trivialis (Müll.Hal.) J.Guerra
Trichostomopsis trivialis (Müll.Hal.) H.Rob. (3, 5)
campylocarpum (Müll.Hal.) H.A.Crum Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 10 mm. Alt ± 1300 m.
Didymodon afrorubellus Broth. & Wager (4)
FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC xanthocarpus (Müll.Hal.) Magill
recurvirostrum (Hedw.) P.C.Chen G, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 20 mm. Alt 1850–3240
m. KZN, L, EC GYMNOSTOMUM Nees & 9743100
Hornsch.
CHENIA R.H.Zander 9742650 (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 183–186.
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 204. (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(2) Zander. 1989. Phytologia 65: 424–436. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 25.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical (3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 26. 32: 301, 302.
32: 293. aeruginosum Sm.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 3 mm. Alt 1500–2450
leptophylla (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander
Phascum leptophyllum Müll.Hal. (1, 4) m. M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–5 mm. Alt bewsii Sim
40–1450 m. B, LIM, G, M, KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 1500–3240 m.
M, FS, KZN, L, EC
CROSSIDIUM Jur. 9742700 lingulatum Rehmann ex Sim
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 195–197. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 20–30 mm. Alt ± 1400 m.
LIM
(3) Cano et al. 1993. Plant Systematics and Evolution 188: 219–221.
GYROWEISIA Schimp. 9743200
apiculatum Magill = Microcrossidium apiculatum
spiralifolium Magill amplexicaulis Sim = Didymodon tophaceopsis
Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 2 mm. Alt ± 1000 m. N, NC HENNEDIELLA Paris 9743250
DESMATODON Brid. = TORTULA 9742800 (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 210–212.
bogosicus Müll.Hal. = Tortula bogosica 32: 303.
convolutus (Brid.) Grout = Tortula atrovirens longipedunculata (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander

Desmatodon longipedunculatus (Müll.Hal.) Magill (2)
longipedunculatus (Müll.Hal.) Magill = Hennediella Tortula deserta (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (1, 2)
longipedunculata Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt 250–1500 m.
N, WC
DIDYMODON Hedw. 9742900
(1) Zander. 1978. Phytologia 41: 21. HUSNOTIELLA Cardot 9743300
(3) Guerra & Ros. 1987. Cryptogamie, Bryology 8: 47–68. latifolia (Dixon) R.H.Zander & Magill = Didymodon
(4) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical tophaceopsis
POTTIACEAE Barbula BRYOPHYTA

plicata Magill = Didymodon jackvancei (2) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
32: 313.
HYMENOSTYLIUM Brid. 9743500 davallianum (Sm.) R.H.Zander var. conicum (Schleich.
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 182, 183. ex Schwägr.) R.H.Zander
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Pottia macowaniana Müll.Hal. (2)
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 25, 26. Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt
32: 306, 307.
± 150–1000 m. NC, WC, EC
recurvirostre (Hedw.) Dixon rufochaete (Magill) R.H.Zander
Acaulon rufochaete Magill (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–20 mm. Alt 500–3350 m. Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt ± 150 m. NC, WC
M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
subplanomarginatum (Dixon) R.H.Zander
HYOPHILA Brid. 9743600 Pottia subplanomarginata Dixon (2)
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–2 mm. Alt ±
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical 1000–1500 m. N, L, WC, EC
(3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences MICROCROSSIDIUM J.Guerra 9743750
32: 307–309. & Cano
baginsensis Müll.Hal. (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 195–197.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 6 mm. Alt 300–1554 (2) Cano et al. 1993. Plant Systematics and Evolution 188: 233.
m. N, LIM, NW, M, KZN apiculatum (Magill) J.Guerra & Cano
Crossidium apiculatum Magill (2)
involuta (Hook.) A.Jaeger
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–15 mm. Alt 600–2200 m. Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt ± 150 m. WC
LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, L MOLENDOA Lindb. 9743760
HYPODONTIUM Müll.Hal. 9740900 (1) Sollman. 1998. Tropical Bryology 14: 21–24.
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 170–172. sendtneriana (Bruch & Schimp.) Limpr.
(2) Reese & Zander. 1988. The Bryologist 91: 18–20. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt ± 2600 m. L
32: 309. OXYSTEGUS (Limpr.) Hilp. 9743800
dregei (Hornsch.) Müll.Hal. = TRICHOSTOMUM
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 10–30 mm.
cylindricus (Bruch ex Brid.) Hilp. = Trichostomum
Alt ± 150–1350 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS,
tenuirostre
KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
tenuirostris (Hook. & Taylor) A.J.E.Sm. = Trichostomum
pomiforme (Hook.) Müll.Hal.
tenuirostre
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 20–50 mm.
Alt ± 1700 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC PHASCONICA Müll.Hal. 9743900
LEPTODONTIUM (Müll.Hal.) 9743700 = WEISSIA
Hampe ex Lindb. tisserantii P.de la Varde = Trichostomum unguicula-
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 228–230. tum
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 26. PHASCUM Hedw. 9744000
32: 309–312.
(6) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 133–155.
32: 315–317.
brachyphyllum Broth. & Thér. leptophyllum Müll.Hal. = Chenia leptophylla
M, S, KZN, L, WC peraristatum Müll.Hal.
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt
flexifolium (Dicks.) Hampe ± 600–1150 m. NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt 3100–3300 m. L
longicaule Mitt. PLAUBELIA Brid. 9744050
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–80 mm. Alt 1000–2000 m. (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 225.
LIM, M, S, KZN (2) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
32: 317.
proliferum Herzog
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt 2600–3050 m. L involuta (Magill) R.H.Zander
Weisiopsis involuta Magill (2)
viticulosoides (P.Beauv.) Wijk & Margad. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 3.5 mm. Alt ± 1000 m.
Zygodon simii Dixon (1)
N, B
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 20–80 m. Alt
1200–1970 m. LIM, M, KZN POTTIA Ehrh. ex Fürnr. 9744100
MICROBRYUM Schimp. 9743730 (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 177–268. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 26.
BRYOPHYTA POTTIACEAE Husnotiella

(3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences STREPTOCALYPTA Müll.Hal. 9744450
32: 317–320.
(l) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 225.
macowaniana Müll.Hal. = Microbryum davallianum (2) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural
var. conicum Sciences 32: 323.
namaquensis Magill pulchriretis (Dixon) R.H.Zander
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–2 mm. Alt 540– Weisiopsis pulchriretis Dixon (2)
850 m. NC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt ± 2000 m. KZN
splachnoides (Hornsch.) Broth. = Tortula splachnoides STREPTOPOGON (Taylor) 9744460
subplanomarginata Dixon = Microbryum subplano- Wilson ex Mitt.
marginatum (1) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 133–155.
erythrodontus (Taylor) Wilson var. rutenbergii (Müll.Hal.)
PSEUDOCROSSIDIUM 9744200 E.S.Salmon
R.S.Williams Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht? Alt 1500–2000 m.
(1) Zander. 1979. Phytologia 44: 177–214. KZN, L
(3) Frey & Kürschner. 1988. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 9: 95–102.
(4) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences SYNTRICHIA Brid. 9744500
32: 320, 321. (1) Kramer. 1980. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 21: 1–165.
crinitum (Schultz) R.H.Zander (3) Magill et al. 1983. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 70:
Barbula crinita Schultz (4)
200–202.
Barbula torquescens Schimp. ex Müll.Hal. (2, 4)
(4) Kramer. 1988. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 65:
Tortula pilifera Hook. (2, 4)
81–144.
Tortula pilifera Hook. var. longifolia Sim (2, 4)
(5) Ochyra. 1992. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 37:
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 35 mm. Alt 5–2850 m. 211–214.
N, LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (6) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
32: 323–326.
hornschuchianum (Schultz) R.H.Zander (7) Anderson. 1997. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 82:
Barbula hornschuchiana Schultz (1, 4)
15–18.
NC, WC ammonsiana (H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson) Ochyra
Tortula ammonsiana H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson (5, 6)
porphyreoneurum (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 10–15 mm.
Barbula torquatifolia Geh. (2, 4)
Tortula porphyreoneura (Müll.Hal.) C.C.Towns. (4)
Alt 100–2850 m. N, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC,
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt ± 300–1500 WC, EC
m. N, B, LIM, G, M, NC, WC antarctica (Hampe) R.H. Zander
Tortula antarctica (Hampe) Wilson (6)
replicatum (Taylor) R.H.Zander Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt 10–2140 m. G, L, WC
Barbula acutata Müll.Hal. (3)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 8–15 mm. Alt 850–2250 m. austro-africana (W.A.Kramer) R.H.Zander
N, B, LIM, M, FS, KZN, L, NC Tortula austro-africana W.A.Kramer (6)
PSEUDOSYMBLEPHARIS Broth. 9744250 L, EC
(1) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 153. chisosa (Magill, Delgad. & L.R.Stark) R.H.Zander
Tortula chisosa Magill, Delgad. & L.R.Stark (6)
angustata (Mitt.) Hilp. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 6 mm. Alt ± 950–1150
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt 1500–2300 m. KZN, L m. N, LIM, M, L, NC, WC
PTERYGONEURUM Jur. 9744300 fragilis (Taylor) Ochyra
Tortula brachyaichme (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (2, 6)
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 197, 198. Tortula brevimucronata (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (2, 6)
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Tortula brevitubulosa Broth. (2, 6)
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 26. Tortula erubescens (Müll.Hal.) Broth., illegitimate name (2, 6)
(3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences Tortula exesa (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (2, 6)
32: 321. Tortula fragilis Taylor (5)
macleanum Warnst. Tortula hildebrandtii (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (2, 6)
Tortula irregularis Sim (2, 6)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 5 mm. Alt ± 1100 m. Tortula macowaniana (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (2, 6)
NC, WC, EC Tortula oranica (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (2, 6)
Tortula schmidii (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (1, 6)
SEMIBARBULA Herzog ex Hilp. 9744400 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 10–15 mm. Alt
orientalis (F.Weber) Wijk & Margad. = Barbula indica 25–2900 m. N, LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC,
WC, EC
SPLACHNOBRYUM Müll.Hal. 9744425 leucostega (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander var. leucostega
(1) Arts. 1996. Journal of Bryology 19: 65–77. Tortula afroruralis (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (4, 6)
(2) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: Tortula leucostega (Müll.Hal.) Broth. var. leucostega (6)
102. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt 250–2600 m. M, FS, L,
obtusum (Brid.) Müll.Hal. NC, WC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 15 mm. Alt ± 950–1100 leucostega (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander var. trachyneura
m. B (Dixon) R.H.Zander
POTTIACEAE Pottia BRYOPHYTA

Tortula leucostega (Müll.Hal.) Broth. var. trachyneura (Dixon) humilis (Hedw.) Jenn.
W.A.Kramer (6) Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht up to 20 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt 50–1700 m. M, FS, NC, Alt up to 3000 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, L,
WC, EC WC, EC
magilliana L.E.Anderson xanthocarpa (Schimp ex Müll.Hal.) Broth.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–7 mm. Alt ± 600 m. NC Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 1–5 mm. Alt up
norvegica F.Weber var. norvegica to 3260 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L,
Tortula norvegica (F.Weber) Lindb. var. norvegica (6) WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt 2550–2900 m. FS, KZN,
L
TORTULA Hedw. 9744900
pagorum (Milde) J.J.Amann
Tortula pagorum (Milde) De Not. (6) (1) Kramer. 1980. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 21: 1–165.
(2) Corley et al. 1981. Journal of Bryology 11: 619, 620.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt 10– (3) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 212–221.
2450 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, L, NC, WC, (4) Magill et al. 1983. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 70:
EC 200–202.
(5) Kramer. 1988. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 65:
papillosa (Wilson) Jur. 81–144.
Tortula papillosa Wilson (6) (6) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Tortula reticularia (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (2, 6) Survey of South Africa No. 62: 26, 27.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht 2–8 mm. Alt (7) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
300–2100 m. N, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC 32: 328–339.
princeps (De Not.) Mitt. afroruralis (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Syntrichia leucostega
Tortula muelleri Hook.f. & Wilson, illegitimate name (2, 6) var. leucostega
Tortula princeps De Not. (6)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt ± 1650–2900 ammonsiana H.A.Crum & L.E.Anderson = Syntrichia
m. KZN, NC, WC, EC ammonsiana
rubella (Hook. & Wilson) R.H.Zander antarctica (Hampe) Wilson = Syntrichia antarctica
Tortula rubella Hook. & Wilson (6) atrovirens (Sm.) Lindb.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht? Alt ± 15 m. Barbula circinalis Müll.Hal. (2, 3)
WC Barbula parvula (Hook. & Grev.) Spreng. (2, 3)
Desmatodon convolutus (Brid.) Grout (2, 7)
ruralis (Hedw.) F.Weber & D.Mohr Didymodon capensis Spreng. (3, 7)
Tortula ruralis (Hedw.) P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. (6) T. recurvata Hook. (3, 7)
Tortula trachyneura Dixon (2, 6) T. subtorquatifolia Dixon (3, 7)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–15 mm. Alt ± 150–3100 m. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–5 mm. Alt up to 2450 m.
M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC N, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
austro-africana W.A.Kramer = Syntrichia austro-africana
TETRAPTERUM Hampe ex 9744600 bogosica (Müll.Hal.) R.H.Zander
A.Jaeger Desmatodon bogosicus Müll.Hal. (7)
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 250, 251. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht? Alt ± 1500 m. G
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 26. brachyaichme (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Syntrichia fragilis
(3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences brevimucronata (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Syntrichia fragilis
32: 326.
brevitubulosa Broth. = Syntrichia fragilis
tetragonum (Hook.) A.L.Andrews chisosa Magill, Delgad. & L.R.Stark = Syntrichia chisosa
WC deserta (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Hennediella longipedun-
culata
TIMMIELLA (De Not.) Limpr. 9744700 erubescens (Müll.Hal.) Broth., illegitimate name = Syn-
trichia fragilis
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical exesa (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Syntrichia fragilis
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 28. fragilis Taylor = Syntrichia fragilis
32: 326. hildebrandtii (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Syntrichia fragilis
pelindaba Magill irregularis Sim = Syntrichia fragilis
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 5 mm. Alt ± 1500–1650 leucostega (Müll.Hal.) Broth. var. leucostega = Syntrichia
m. NW, M, FS, L, EC leucostega var. leucostega
leucostega (Müll.Hal.) Broth. var. trachyneura (Dixon)
TORTELLA (Lindb.) Limpr. 9744800 W.A.Kramer = Syntrichia leucostega var. trachy-
(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 255–259. neura
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical macowaniana (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Syntrichia fragilis
(3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences muelleri Hook.f. & Wilson, illegitimate name = Syntrichia
32: 326–328. princeps
fragilis (Hook. & Wilson) Limpr. muralis Hedw.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 30–40 mm. Alt 2350–3270 m. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 4–12 mm. Alt up to 1000 m.
KZN, L, EC N, KZN, NC, WC, EC
BRYOPHYTA POTTIACEAE Syntrichia

norvegica (F.Weber) Lindb. = Syntrichia norvegica Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt
var. norvegica 300–2900 m. M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
oranica (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Syntrichia fragilis unguiculatum (Mitt.) R.H.Zander
Phasconica tisserantii P.de la Varde (3)
pagorum (Milde) De Not. = Syntrichia pagorum
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt ± 150–1800 m.
papillosa Wilson = Syntrichia papillosa WC, EC
pilifera Hook. = Pseudocrossidium crinitum
pilifera Hook. var. longifolia Sim = Pseudocrossidium TRIQUETRELLA Müll.Hal. 9745200
crinitum (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
porphyreoneura (Müll.Hal.) C.C.Towns. = Pseudocrossi- Survey of South Africa No. 62: 27.
dium porphyreoneurum (3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
32: 343, 344.
princeps De Not. = Syntrichia princeps
tristicha (Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal.
recurvata Hook. = T. atrovirens Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 25 mm. Alt 40–
rehmannii (Müll.Hal.) Sim = Barbula indica 1850 m. M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
reticularia (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Syntrichia papillosa
WEISIOPSIS Broth. 9745300
rubella Hook. & Wilson = Syntrichia rubella (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 224–227.
ruralis (Hedw.) P.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. = Syntrichia (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
ruralis Survey of South Africa No. 62: 27.
schmidii (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Syntrichia fragilis 32: 344.
splachnoides (Hornsch.) R.H.Zander involuta Magill = Plaubelia involuta
Pottia splachnoides (Hornsch.) Broth. (7)
Annual, occ. perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 1–2 mm. Alt ± plicata (Mitt.) Broth.
1200 m. NC, WC Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–4 mm. Alt ± 900–1350 m.
LIM, M
subtorquatifolia Dixon = T. atrovirens
pulchriretis Dixon = Streptocalypta pulchriretis
trachyneura Dixon = Syntrichia ruralis
WEISSIA Hedw. 9745400
TRICHOSTOMOPSIS Cardot 9745000 (1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 262–268.
australasiae (Hook. & Grev.) H.Rob. = Didymodon Survey of South Africa No. 62: 27, 28.
australasii (3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
32: 344–347.
trivialis (Müll.Hal.) H.Rob. = Didymodon trivialis
controversa Hedw.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt up to 2150 m.
TRICHOSTOMUM Bruch 9745100 LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical cucullata Müll.Hal.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 27. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt ± 300 m. WC
(3) Zander. 1993. Bulletin of the Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences dieterlenii Thér.
32: 339–343.
brachydontium Bruch FS, L, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 4–26 mm. Alt up to 2860 m. humicola Müll.Hal.
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–5 mm. Alt ± 1200–1600 m.
EC L, EC
tenuirostre (Hook. & Taylor) Lindb.
Barbula lepto-tortella Müll.Hal. (1, 3) latiuscula Müll.Hal.
Oxystegus cylindricus (Bruch ex Brid.) Hilp. (3) Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt 1200–2200 m.
Oxystegus tenuirostris (Hook. & Taylor) A.J.E.Sm. (3) N, LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, L, NC, EC
PRIONODONTACEAE
PRIONODON Müll.Hal. 9763200 densus (Sw. ex Hedw.) Müll.Hal.

(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 558, 559. Alt 900–1800 m. LIM, M, KZN, EC
POTTIACEAE Tortula BRYOPHYTA

PTERIGYNANDRACEAE
TRACHYPHYLLUM A.Gepp 9776800 gastrodes (Welw. & Duby) A.Gepp

T. maximum Dixon (1)
(1) Buck. 1979. Brittonia 31: 379–394.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 44. Alt 700–1300 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN
110. maximum Dixon = T. gastrodes
PTEROBRYACEAE
CALYPTOTHECIUM Mitt. 9764300 subimbricata (Hampe) Broth.

acutifolium (Brid.) Broth. = Pterobryopsis acutifolium Alt 350–1700 m. LIM, M, EC
hoehnelii (Müll.Hal.) Argent = Pterobryopsis hoehnelii
subacutifolium Broth. = Pterobryopsis acutifolium
PTEROBRYOPSIS M.Fleisch. 9764700
JAEGERINA Müll.Hal. 9764400 (1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 558, 559.
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 565, 566. acutifolium (Brid.) Magill
Calyptothecium acutifolium (Brid.) Broth. (2)
stolonifera (Müll.Hal.) Müll.Hal. Calyptothecium subacutifolium Broth. (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 20–50 mm. Alt? Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 20–70 mm.
EC Alt 550–1600 m. M, KZN, EC
ORTHOSTICHOPSIS Broth. 9764600 hoehnelii (Müll.Hal.) Magill
Calyptothecium hoehnelii (Müll.Hal.) Argent (2)
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 571–574. Alt 75–2150 m. M, KZN, WC, EC
pinnatella (Broth.) Broth. rehmannii Magill
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 10–40 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 60 mm.
Alt ± 560 m. KZN Alt? KZN
PTYCHOMITRIACEAE
PTYCHOMITRIOPSIS Dixon 9757300 (3) Guo & Cao. 2000. Journal of Bryology 22: 63–65.
(4) Cao et al. 2001 [2002]. The Bryologist 104: 522–526.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 35. crassinervium (Müll.Hal.) Schimp. ex Paris
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 462–465. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–15 mm. Alt ± 175–600 m.
africana Dixon NC, WC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 3–5 mm. Alt ± 1000 m. LIM,
crispatum (Hedw.) A.Jaeger
KZN
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–20 mm. Alt up to 2150
aloinoides Magill m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC,
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 2–4 mm. Alt ± 900–1500 m. EC
N, FS, NC
cucullatifolium (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
P. obtusatum (Müll.Hal.) Paris (2)
PTYCHOMITRIUM Fürnr. 9757400 Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 500–2860 m.
(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 465–475. depressum (Müll.Hal.) Paris = P. sellowianum
BRYOPHYTA PTERIGYNANDRAEAE Trachyphyllum

diexaratum Magill Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 8–12 mm. Alt 762–2600 m.

Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 2000–3150 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
KZN, L obtusatum (Müll.Hal.) Paris = P. cucullatifolium
eurybasis Dixon = P. muelleri
sellowianum (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger
exaratifolium H.Rob. P. depressum (Müll.Hal.) Paris (3)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt ± 540–700 m. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–25 mm. Alt 300–1700 m.
M, S, KZN M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
marginatum (Wager ex Dixon) Dixon = P. subcrispa- subcrispatum Thér. & P.de la Varde
tum P. marginatum (Wager ex Dixon) Dixon (2)
muelleri (Mitt.) A.Jaeger Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 10–40 mm. Alt
P. eurybasis Dixon (4) 100–3050 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
RACOPILACEAE
RACOPILUM P.Beauv. 9759700 capense Müll.Hal. ex Broth.

(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 60
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 37. mm. Alt ± 10–2150 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS,
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 531–533. KZN, WC, EC
RHACHITHECIACEAE
RHACHITHECIUM Broth. ex 9756700 (2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 459–461.
Le Jolis perpusillum (Thwaites & Mitt.) Broth.
(1) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Ht up to 4 mm. Alt ±
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 35. 1200–1600 m. LIM, M
RHIZOGONIACEAE
LEPTOTHECA Schwägr. 9753180 (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 33. spiniforme (Hedw.) Mitt.
(3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: 105. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 10–50 mm.
gaudichaudii Schwägr. Alt 50–1560 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt 75–1675 m WC
vallis-gratiae (Hampe ex Müll.Hal.) Manuel
PYRRHOBRYUM Mitt. 9753200 Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Ht 6–30 mm. Alt
(1) Magill. 1987. FSA Bryophyta 1,2: 401–404. 50–950 m. WC
RIGODIACEAE
RIGODIUM Kunze ex Schwägr. 9773500 toxarion (Schwägr.) A.Jaeger

(1) Touw. 1976. Lindbergia 3: 135–195. R. kilimandscharicum (Broth.) Paris (3)
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Thuidium thamniopsis Rehmann ex Sim (1, 3)
(3) Zomlefer. 1993. The Bryologist 96: 1–72. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 120 mm.
kilimandscharicum (Broth.) Paris = R. toxarion Alt 1470–2050 m. M
PTYCHOMITRIACEAE Ptychomitrium BRYOPHYTA

SELIGERIACEAE
BLINDIA Bruch & Schimp. 9737900 magellanica Schimp.

(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 10–15 mm. Alt 2000–3200
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 20. m. L
SEMATOPHYLLACEAE
HETEROPHYLLIUM (Schimp.) 9778500 caespitosum (Hedw.) Mitt. = S. subpinnatum

Kindb. dregei (Müll.Hal.) Magill
Rhaphidorrhynchium dregei (Müll.Hal.) Broth. (2)
flexile (Renauld & Cardot) Thér. & P.de la Varde = Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 20–30 mm.
Rhacopilopsis variegata Alt 91–2400 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
transvaaliense (Thér. & Dixon) Thér. & P.de la Varde = gueinzii (Hampe) Magill
Rhacopilopsis trinitensis Rhaphidorrhynchium gueinzii (Hampe) Broth. (2)
LEPTOISCHYRODON Dixon 9778550 Alt 30–2000 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
(1) Dixon. 1932. Kongelige Norske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter
1932,4: 14, 15.
sphaeropyxis (Müll.Hal.) Broth.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 10–40 mm.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 41. Alt up to 1800 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN,
(3) Buck & Goffinet. 2000. In Shaw & Goffinet, Bryophyte biology: WC, EC
114.
subpinnatum (Brid.) E.Britton
congoanus Dixon S. caespitosum (Hedw.) Mitt. (3, 4)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length? Alt? LIM, Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 25–75 mm.
KZN Alt up to 2100 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
L, WC, EC
MEIOTHECIUM Mitt. 9778600
wageri C.H.Wright ex Wager
(2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length ± 12 mm.
Africa No. 43: 20. Alt ± 1600 m. NW, M, S, KZN, WC
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical zuluense (Sim) Magill
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 44. Rhaphidorrhynchium zuluense Sim (2)
fuscescens (A.Jaeger ex Paris) Broth. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 25–38 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt? WC Alt 300–1700 m. M, KZN, WC
RHAPHIDORRHYNCHIUM 9778700 TRICHOSTELEUM Mitt. 9778900
Besch. ex M.Fleisch. (1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 440.
dregei (Müll.Hal.) Broth. = Sematophyllum dregei Africa No. 43: 20.
gueinzii (Hampe) Broth. = Sematophyllum gueinzii (3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
zuluense Sim = Sematophyllum zuluense
perchlorosum Broth. & Bryhn
SEMATOPHYLLUM Mitt. 9778800 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 20–30 mm.
(1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 434–437. Alt ± 900–1200 m. M, EC
Africa No. 43: 20. WIJKIA H.A.Crum 9779000
(3) Buck. 1983. Brittonia 35: 309–311. (1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 423.
(4) Kis. 1985. Mosses of South-east tropical Africa: 151. (2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South
(5) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Africa No. 43: 20.
brachycarpum (Hampe) Broth. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 44, 45.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 10–40 mm. trichocolea (Müll.Hal.) H.A.Crum
Alt up to 1900 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt
L, WC, EC 800–2100 m. M, L
BRYOPHYTA SELIGERIACEAE Blindia

SPHAGNACEAE
SPHAGNUM L. 9734300 pycnocladulum Müll.Hal.

(1) Magill. 1981. FSA Bryophyta 1,1: 23–32. Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 50–200 mm.
(2) Eddy. 1985. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Alt ± 600–950 m. WC, EC
Botany 12: 77–162.
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical strictum Sull. subsp. pappeanum (Müll.Hal.) A.Eddy
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 17. Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 60–180 mm.
capense Hornsch. Alt 550–2100 m. M, KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 40–220
mm. Alt 90–2450 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC truncatum Hornsch.
Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 35–110 mm.
fimbriatum Wilson
Alt up to 2150 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC,
Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 80–120 mm.
EC
Alt ± 1850 m. M
perichaetiale Hampe violascens Müll.Hal.
Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 80–140 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 60 mm.
Alt up to 600 m. KZN, WC, EC Alt ± 50–750 m. WC
SPLACHNACEAE
TAYLORIA Hook. 9749500 isleana (Besch.) Broth.

Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 8–12 mm. Alt ± 1225 m. KZN
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical orthodonta (P.Beauv.) Wijk & Margad.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 30. Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 15 mm. Alt ± 1500 m. LIM
STEREOPHYLLACEAE
ENTODONTOPSIS Broth. 9770775 (2) Buck & Ireland. 1985. Nova Hedwigia 41: 96–100.
(1) Buck & Ireland. 1985. Nova Hedwigia 41: 100–108. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 44.
(2) Ireland & Buck. 1994. Flora neotropica 65: 10–27. (4) Ireland & Buck. 1994. Flora neotropica 65: 3–10.
nitens (Mitt.) W.R.Buck
Stereophyllum zuluense Broth. & Bryhn (1, 2) natalense Sim = S. radiculosum
Alt ± 600–1500 m. KZN radiculosum (Hook.) Mitt.
S. natalense Sim (2, 4)
S. odontocalyx (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger (2, 4)
JURATZKAEA Lorentz 9770780 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 30 mm.
(1) Buck. 1977. Revue Bryologique et Lichenologique 43: 319–322. Alt 300–1600 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, EC
(2) Catcheside & Stone. 1980. Journal of Bryology 11: 99–104.
(3) Buck & Ireland. 1985. Nova Hedwigia 41: 111. odontocalyx (Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger = S. radiculosum
incisa (W.R.Buck) Catches. & I.G.Stone
woodii (Sim) Magill
Alt? KZN
STEREOPHYLLUM Mitt. 9770800
(1) Sim. 1926. The bryophyta of South Africa: 408–410. zuluense Broth. & Bryhn = Entodontopsis nitens
SPHAGNACEAE Sphagnum BRYOPHYTA

THUIDIACEAE
ABIETINELLA Müll.Hal. 9772500 versicolor (Hornsch. ex Müll.Hal.) Touw

Thuidium versicolor (Hornsch. ex Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger (2)
South Africa No. 43: 19. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 25–75 mm. Alt 100–2100 m.
(2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical LIM, NW, M, KZN, WC, EC
abietina (Hedw.) M.Fleisch. RAUIELLA Reimers 9772900
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt 2700–2860 m. KZN (1) Touw. 1976. Lindbergia 3: 186–189.
(2) Buck & Crum. 1990. Contributions from the University of Michigan
HAPLOCLADIUM (Müll.Hal.) 9771400 Herbarium 17: 55–69.
Müll.Hal. Survey of South Africa No. 62: 42.
(2) Magill & Schelpe. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of praelonga (Schimp. ex Besch.) Wijk & Margad.
South Africa No. 43: 19. R. subfilamentosa (Kiaer ex Besch.) Wijk & Margad. (2)
(3) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 50–75 mm. Alt
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 42. 1350–1700 m. LIM, KZN
(4) Touw. 2001. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 90:
197, 198. subfilamentosa (Kiaer ex Besch.) Wijk & Margad. = R.
praelonga
angustifolium (Hampe & Müll.Hal.) Broth.
Alt ± 900–2100 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC THUIDIUM Bruch & Schimp. 9773000
(1) Touw. 1976. Lindbergia 3: 143–147.
PELEKIUM Mitt. 9772850 (2) Van Rooy. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
(1) Touw. 1976. Lindbergia 3: 143–185.
(2) Touw. 2001. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 90: matarumense Besch.
187–194. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 3–20 mm.
ramusculosum (Mitt.) Touw Alt 300–2438 m. M, FS, KZN, L, EC
Thuidium ramusculosum (Mitt.) A.Jaeger (2) ramusculosum (Mitt.) A.Jaeger = Pelekium ramuscu-
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt ± 900–2400 m. LIM, losum
M, FS, KZN
thamniopsis Rehmann ex Sim = Rigodium toxarion
varians (Welw. & Duby) Touw
Thuidium varians Welw. & Duby (2) varians Welw. & Duby = Pelekium varians
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 40–60 mm. Alt up to 500 m. versicolor (Hornsch. ex Müll.Hal.) A.Jaeger = Pelekium
S, KZN versicolor
WARDIACEAE
WARDIA Harv. & Hook. ex Hook. 9760700 hygrometrica Harv. & Hook.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 37. Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 15–80 mm.
(2) Magill & Van Rooy. 1998. FSA Bryophyta 1,3: 538–540. Alt 30–1200 m. WC
BRYOPHYTA THUIDIACEAE Abietinella

HEPATOPHYTA
ACROBOLBACEAE
Compiled by S.M. Perold
ACROBOLBUS Nees 9724700 brevifolium Steph. = Adelanthus decipiens

(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 362, 363. excisum Mitt. = Acrobolbus ochrophyllus
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 12.
limbatum (Steph.) Grolle
excisus (Mitt.) Schiffn. = A. ochrophyllus Tylimanthus limbatus Steph. (1, 2)
Tylimanthus wilmsii Steph. (1, 2)
ochrophyllus (Hook.f. & Taylor) R.M.Schust.
A. excisus (Mitt.) Schiffn. (1) Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 620–1850
Marsupidium excisum Mitt. (1, 2) m. WC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 30 mm. Alt 620–920
m. WC SYMPHYOMITRA Spruce 9781700
LETHOCOLEA Mitt. 9724800 africana Steph. = Lethocolea congesta
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 305, 306. tabularis S.W.Arnell = Lethocolea congesta
congesta (Lehm.) S.W.Arnell TYLIMANTHUS Mitt. 9726800
Symphyomitra africana Steph. (2) (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 261, 262.
Symphyomitra tabularis S.W.Arnell (2) (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 232.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt 620–2700 africanus Pearson
m. LIM, KZN, L, WC Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 6 mm. Alt 280–900
m. KZN, WC
MARSUPIDIUM Mitt. 9724900
limbatus Steph. = Marsupidium limbatum
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 366, 367.
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 152. wilmsii Steph. = Marsupidium limbatum
ADELANTHACEAE
ADELANTHUS Mitt. 9729100 lindenbergianus (Lehm.) Mitt.

A. sphalerus (Hook.f. & Taylor) Steph. (2)
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 311–314.
A. unciformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Spruce (2)
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 14, 15.
decipiens (Hook.) Mitt. 2000 m. L, WC
Marsupidium brevifolium Steph. (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 30 mm. Alt 620– sphalerus (Hook.f. & Taylor) Steph. = A. lindenbergianus
1545 m. LIM, WC unciformis (Hook.f. & Taylor) Spruce = A. lindenbergianus
ANEURACEAE
ANEURA Dumort. 9781800 grosselimbata Steph. = Riccardia amazonica

(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 86, 87. limbata Steph. = Riccardia limbata
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 18–20.
(3) Perold. 2001. Bothalia 31: 167–173. multifida Dumort. = Riccardia multifida
pinguis (L.) Dumort.
amazonica Spruce = Riccardia amazonica Riccardia pinguis (L.) Gray (2, 3)
Riccardia submarginata S.W.Arnell (3)
angusticosta Steph. = Riccardia amazonica
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 15–35 mm. Alt 287–
compacta Steph. = Riccardia compacta 2144 m. M, FS, KZN, WC, EC
congoana Steph. = Riccardia amazonica reticulata Steph. = Riccardia limbata
fastigiata (Lehm.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees = Riccardia stephanii Besch. ex Steph. = Riccardia amazonica
fastigiata travisiana Pearson = Riccardia amazonica
ACROBOLBACEAE Acrobolbus HEPATOPHYTA

RICCARDIA Gray 9716900 Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 20

(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 88–99. mm. Alt? G, KZN, WC
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 202–205. limbata (Steph.) E.W.Jones
(3) Perold. 2001. Bothalia 31: 183–187. Aneura limbata Steph. (2)
amazonica (Spruce) Schiffn. ex Gradst. & Hekking Aneura reticulata Steph. (2)
Aneura amazonica Spruce (2) Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 1.5–4 mm.
Aneura angusticosta Steph. (2) Alt? S, KZN, WC
Aneura congoana Steph. (2)
Aneura grosselimbata Steph. (2) multifida (L.) Gray
Aneura stephanii Besch. ex Steph. (2) Aneura multifida Dumort. (3)
Aneura travisiana Pearson (2) R. saccatiflora (Steph.) S.W.Arnell, misapplied name (3)
R. campanuliflora S.W.Arnell (2) Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 27
R. stephanii (Besch. ex Steph.) E.W.Jones, illegitimate name (2)
mm. Alt 265–490 m. WC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt? WC
campanuliflora S.W.Arnell = R. amazonica obtusa S.W.Arnell
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 10–20 mm.
capensis S.W.Arnell Alt? KZN, WC, EC
Alt ± 116 m. WC pinguis (L.) Gray = Aneura pinguis
compacta (Steph.) S.W.Arnell saccatiflora (Steph.) S.W.Arnell, misapplied name = R.
Aneura compacta Steph. (1, 2) multifida
1220 m. WC stephanii (Besch. ex Steph.) E.W.Jones, illegitimate name
= R. amazonica
fastigiata (Lehm.) Trevis.
Aneura fastigiata (Lehm.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees (2) submarginata S.W.Arnell = Aneura pinguis
ANTHELIACEAE
ANTHELIA Dumort. 9730400 (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 20.
(1) Schuster. 1974. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North
America 3: 622. africana Steph. = ?Cephaloziella sp. (1, 2)
ARNELLIACEAE
GONGYLANTHUS Nees 9727300 renifolius (Mitt.) Steph.

(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 270–274. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt 120–
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 94, 95. 1200 m. KZN, WC
ericetorum (Raddi) Nees scariosus (Lehm.) Steph.
Calypogeia ericetorum Raddi (1, 2) Gymnomitrion scariosum (Lehm.) Nees (1, 2)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 620– Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt 190–
1650 m. NW, G, KZN, L, WC 500 m. WC
AYTONIACEAE
ASTERELLA P.Beauv. 9710700 Fimbriaria abyssinica (Gottsche) Steph. (1, 2)

(1) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 27–29. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 15–18 mm. Alt ± 1800
(2) Perold. 1999. FSA 1,1: 43–59. m. KZN
angolensis (Steph.) S.W.Arnell = A. wilmsii
abyssinica (Gottsche) Grolle bachmannii (Steph.) S.W.Arnell
HEPATOPHYTA ANEURACEAE Riccardia

Fimbriaria bachmannii Steph. (1, 2) PLAGIOCHASMA Lehm. & 9710900

Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 18–25 mm. Alt 900–2600 Lindenb.
m. B, LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC (1) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 172–174.
marginata (Nees) S.W.Arnell (2) Perold. 1999. FSA 1,1: 27–43.
Fimbriaria marginata Nees (1, 2)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 23 mm. Alt 300–1580 algericum Steph. = P. rupestre var. rupestre
m. NC, WC, EC
appendiculatum Lehm. & Lindenb.
muscicola (Steph.) S.W.Arnell P. fischerianum (Steph.) Steph. (1, 2)
Fimbriaria muscicola Steph. (1, 2)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–20 mm. Alt 700–1280 m.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 18 mm. Alt 800– NW
3000 m. B, LIM, NW, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
wilmsii (Steph.) S.W.Arnell beccarianum Steph.
A. angolensis (Steph.) S.W.Arnell (2) Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 8–20 mm. Alt 990–1830
Fimbriaria wilmsii Steph. (1, 2) m. N, LIM, M
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 30–40(–75) mm. Alt 760–
2000 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, L dinteri Steph. = P. microcephalum
dschallanum Steph. = P. rupestre var. rupestre
CRYPTOMITRIUM Austin ex 9710850
Underw. eximium (Schiffn.) Steph.
(1) Austin. 1884. Bulletin Illinois State Laboratory of Natural History Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 16.5–22.0 mm. Alt 920–
2: 36. 2025 m. KZN, L
(2) Perold. 1999. FSA 1,1: 59–64.
fischerianum (Steph.) Steph. = P. appendiculatum
oreades Perold
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 12 mm. Alt ± 2900 m. L microcephalum (Steph.) Steph. var. microcephalum
P. dinteri Steph. (1, 2)
FIMBRIARIA Nees 9781900 Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 6–12 mm. Alt 655–1690
m. N, LIM, NW, G, NC
abyssinica (Gottsche) Steph. = Asterella abyssinica
bachmannii Steph. = Asterella bachmannii rupestre (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Steph. var. rupestre
P. algericum Steph. (1, 2)
marginata Nees = Asterella marginata P. dschallanum Steph. (1, 2)
muscicola Steph. = Asterella muscicola P. tenue Steph. (1, 2)
wilmsii Steph. = Asterella wilmsii Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 8–25 mm. Alt 265–3000
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC,
MANNIA Opiz 9710800 WC, EC
(1) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 147. rupestre (J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.) Steph. var. volkii Bischl.
(2) Perold. 1999. FSA 1,1: 64–67.
capensis (Steph.) S.W.Arnell m. N, LIM, NW, G, KZN, L
1650 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC, WC, EC tenue Steph. = P. rupestre var. rupestre
BALANTIOPSIDACEAE
ISOTACHIS Mitt. 9723700 mate name = I. aubertii

(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 360–362. aubertii (Schwägr.) Mitt.
(2) Vána. 1982. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica 17: 63–87. I. aspera Steph. (1, 2)
(3) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 102, 103. I. aspera Steph. var. transvaalensis S.W.Arnell, illegitimate name
(3)
aspera Steph. = I. aubertii Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 30 mm. Alt 1160–
aspera Steph. var. transvaalensis S.W.Arnell, illegiti- 1320 m. NW, M, WC
CALYPOGEIACEAE
CALYPOGEIA Raddi 9730900 arguta Nees & Mont.

C. latifolia Steph. (2)
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 34, 35. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–20 mm. Alt 280–
(3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 141. 2165 m. NW, S, KZN, WC
AYTONIACEAE Asterella HEPATOPHYTA

bidentula (F.Weber) Nees microstipula (Steph.) Steph.

Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 30 mm. Alt 490– Perennial. Bryophyte. Length ± 2.5 mm. Alt ± 2100 m.
1470 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, L, WC KZN
capensis S.W.Arnell = Mnioloma fuscum METACALYPOGEIA (S.Hatt.) Inoue 9730925
ericetorum Raddi = Gongylanthus ericetorum fusca (Lehm.) N.Kitag. = Mnioloma fuscum
fissa (L.) Raddi
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 50–2150 MNIOLOMA Herzog 9730950
m. LIM, KZN, WC, EC (1) Schuster. 1995. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 40: 825–888.
(2) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 53
fusca (Lehm.) Steph. = Mnioloma fuscum
fuscum (Lehm.) R.M.Schust.
latifolia Steph. = C. arguta Calypogeia capensis S.W.Arnell (2)
Calypogeia fusca (Lehm.) Steph. (2)
longifolia Steph. Metacalypogeia fusca (Lehm.) N.Kitag. (1)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–15 mm. Alt 235–1450 Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 250–900 m.
m. LIM, S, KZN, L, WC, EC M, KZN, WC
CEPHALOZIACEAE
ALOBIELLA (Spruce) Schiffn. 9728500 connivens (Dicks.) Lindb. subsp. fissa (Steph.) Vána
C. crassicaulis Steph. (2, 3)
heteromorpha (Lehm.) Steph. = Allobiellopsis hetero- Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 15 mm. Alt 480–
morpha 2000 m. NW, WC
pillansii (Sim) S.W.Arnell = Allobiellopsis pillansii crassicaulis Steph. = C. connivens subsp. fissa
ALOBIELLOPSIS R.M.Schust. 9782000 denudata (Mart.) Spruce var. africana Pearson = Odonto-
schisma africanum
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 16. kiaeri (Austin) Pearson = Cephaloziella kiaeri
lycopodioides Sim = Cephaloziella lycopodioides
heteromorpha (Lehm.) R.M.Schust. natalensis Sim = Cephaloziella natalensis
Alobiella heteromorpha (Lehm.) Steph. (1, 2)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 340– robusta Steph. = Cephalozia bicuspidata
1230 m. KZN, L, WC tenuissima (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Trevis. = Cephaloziella
pillansii (Sim) R.M.Schust. tenuissima
Alobiella pillansii (Sim) S.W.Arnell (1, 2) vaginans (Steph.) Steph. = Cephaloziella vaginans
m. WC vallis-gratiae Gottsche ex Steph. = Cephalozia bicuspidata
CEPHALOZIA (Dumort.) Dumort. 9728600 ODONTOSCHISMA (Dumort.) 9729200

(1) Vána. 1988. Beiheft zur Nova Hedwigia 90: 179–198. Dumort.
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 37–39. (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 302, 303.
(3) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 14. (2) Vána. 1988. Beiheft zur Nova Hedwigia 90: 179–198.
bicuspidata (L.) Dumort.
C. robusta Steph. (1) africanum (Pearson) Sim
C. vallis-gratiae Gottsche ex Steph. (1) Cephalozia denudata (Mart.) Spruce var. africana Pearson (2, 3)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt 300– Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–20 mm. Alt 290–1090
1700 m. KZN, WC, EC m. KZN, WC, EC
CEPHALOZIELLACEAE
CEPHALOZIELLA (Spruce) 9729700 anthelioides S.W.Arnell

Schiffn. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 5 mm. Alt 400–1405
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 329–346. m. WC
(3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 141. atroviridis (Sim) E.W.Jones = Cylindrocolea atroviridis
HEPATOPHYTA CALYPOGEIACEAE Calypogeia

capensis (Sim) S.W.Arnell m. WC

Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 6 mm. Alt 300–400 tenuissima (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Steph.
m. WC Cephalozia tenuissima (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Trevis. (1, 2)
garsidei S.W.Arnell Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt 620–
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt ± 400 1400 m. L, WC
m. WC transvaalensis S.W.Arnell
kiaeri (Austin) Douin Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 5 mm. Alt 1200–
Cephalozia kiaeri (Austin) Pearson (1, 2) 1330 m. LIM, M, KZN
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 280– triplicata S.W.Arnell
1200 m. LIM, KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt ± 200
lycopodioides (Sim) S.W.Arnell m. WC
Cephalozia lycopodioides Sim (1, 2)
vaginans Steph.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 3–4 mm. Alt 600–1400 m. Cephalozia vaginans (Steph.) Steph. (2)
KZN, WC Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt ± 3050 m. L
natalensis (Sim) S.W.Arnell
Cephalozia natalensis Sim (1, 2)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 3–6 mm. Alt 640–750 m. CYLINDROCOLEA R.M.Schust. 9729800
KZN, EC (1) Vána et al. 1979. Lejeunia 98: 1–25.
schelpei S.W.Arnell (3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 141.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 3 mm. Alt 520–950 atroviridis (Sim) Vána
m. KZN Cephaloziella atroviridis (Sim) E.W.Jones (1, 2)
tabularis S.W.Arnell Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 20–60 mm. Alt 300–1390
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 15 mm. Alt 50–920 m. G, M, KZN, L, WC, EC
CLEVEACEAE
ATHALAMIA Falc. 9712500 Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 12 mm. Alt 1570–

(1) Perold. 1999. FSA 1,1: 69–72. 2090 m. N, EC
spathysii (Lindenb.) S.Hatt. CLEVEA Lindenb. 9712600
Clevea spathysii (Lindenb.) Müll.Frib. (1)
spathysii (Lindenb.) Müll.Frib. = Athalamia spathysii
EXORMOTHECACEAE
EXORMOTHECA Mitt. 9712000 E. youngii S.W.Arnell (3)

(1) Bornefeld et al. 1996. Bothalia 26: 159–165. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 22 mm. Alt
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 76, 77. 325–1555 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN
(3) Perold. 1999. FSA 1,1: 73–79.
megastomata Marquand = E. holstii
africana Steph. = E. pustulosa
bulbigena Bornefeld, O.H.Volk & R.Wolf pustulosa Mitt.
E. africana Steph. (3)
1500 m. N
2100 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, L
holstii Steph.
E. megastomata Marquand (3) youngii S.W.Arnell = E. holstii
CEPHALOZIELLACEAE Cephaloziella HEPATOPHYTA

FOSSOMBRONIACEAE
FOSSOMBRONIA Raddi 9716400 leucoxantha Lehm.

(1) Perold. 1997. Bothalia 27: 17–27, 29–42, 105–115. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 6.0–7.5 mm. Alt 120–
(2) Perold. 1998. Bothalia 28: 1–5, 159–165. 620 m. WC
(3) Perold. 1999. Bothalia 29: 1–4, 25–33, 77–93.
marindae Perold
(5) Perold. 2001. Bothalia 31: 25–29. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt ± 250
m. WC
angulifolia Perold
Annual? Bryophyte. Length up to 12 mm. Alt ± 1500 montaguensis S.W.Arnell
m. L Annual? Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt 300–
790 m. L?, WC
capensis S.W.Arnell var. capensis
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–18 mm. Alt 160–910 monticola Perold
m. WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 5.5–9.0 mm. Alt 300–
1060 m. WC
capensis S.W.Arnell var. spiralis Perold
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt 50– pusilla (L.) Dumort., presence in FSA unconfirmed
1000 m. WC renateae Perold
cederbergensis Perold Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 5–15 mm. Alt 1200–
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 3.5 mm. Alt 140– 1600 m. M, KZN
840 m. NC, WC spinifolia Steph.
crispa Nees Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 3–7 mm. Alt ± 300 m.
F. zeyheri Steph. (1) WC
spinosa Perold
1600 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
densilamellata S.W.Arnell 285 m. WC
450 m. WC straussiana Perold
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 9.5 mm. Alt 1050–
elsieae Perold 1300 m. LIM, G
m. WC swaziensis Perold
gemmifera Perold 1500 m. LIM, G, M, S
m. LIM, M, L tumida Mitt.
glenii Perold
m. WC
m. LIM, G, M, L zeyheri Steph. = F. crispa
hyalorhiza Perold zuurbergensis Perold
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 5–15 mm. Alt 425–1050 Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 9 mm. Alt ± 670
m. NC, WC m. EC
GEOCALYCACEAE (incl. Lophocoleaceae)

CHILOSCYPHUS Corda 9727800 CLASMATOCOLEA Spruce 9727900

dubius Gottsche = Heteroscyphus dubius (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 51.
expansus (Lehm.) Nees = Leptoscyphus expansus fasciculata (Nees) Grolle
fasciculatus (Nees) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees = Clasma- Chiloscyphus fasciculatus (Nees) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees (1)
Lophocolea fasciculata (Nees) S.W.Arnell & Grolle (1)
tocolea fasciculata
muricatus (Lehm.) J.J.Engel & R.M.Schust. = Lophoco- 2100 m. WC
lea muricata
vermicularis (Lehm.) Grolle
semiteres (Lehm.) Lindenb. = Lophocolea semiteres Lophocolea subintegra (Hook.f. & Taylor) Grolle (2)
HEPATOPHYTA FOSSOMBRONIACEAE Fossombronia

Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 30 mm. Alt 300– Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 10
2450 m. LIM, G, M, KZN, L, WC mm. Alt 600–1950 m. M, S, KZN, L, WC
congoana Steph. = L. martiana
HETEROSCYPHUS Schiffn. 9732400 cuspidata (Nees) Limpr. = L. bidentata var. bidentata
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 300–302. difformis Nees
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 99, 100. L. macleana Steph. (2)
L. molleri Steph. (2)
dubius (Gottsche) Schiffn.
Chiloscyphus dubius Gottsche (2) Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 150–
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 50–60 mm. 2100 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC
Alt 600–845 m. KZN, WC diversifolia Gottsche = Leptoscyphus diversifolius
dusenii Steph. = L. lucida
LEPTOSCYPHUS Mitt. 9726600 esterhuysenii S.W.Arnell = L. bewsii
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 262–269. fasciculata (Nees) S.W.Arnell & Grolle = Clasmatoco-
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 134, 135. lea fasciculata
fragrans (Moris & De Not.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
bewsii Sim = Lophocolea bewsii L. frappieri Steph. (1, 2)
diversifolius (Gottsche) Grolle Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–20 mm. Alt 400–700
Lophocolea diversifolia Gottsche (2) m. WC
Alt 200–280 m. WC frappieri Steph. = L. fragrans
expansus (Lehm.) Grolle lucida (Spreng. ex Lehm.) Mont.
L. dusenii Steph. (2)
Chiloscyphus expansus (Lehm.) Nees (2)
L. iversenii (Pearson) Sim (2) Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 5 mm. Alt 280–
Plagiochila knysnana S.W.Arnell (2) 1200 m. KZN, WC
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 30 mm. macleana Steph. = L. difformis
Alt 280–620 m. L, WC martiana Nees
iversenii (Pearson) Sim = L. expansus L. congoana Steph. (2)
900 m. S, KZN, WC, EC
LOPHOCOLEA (Dumort.) 9728000
Dumort. molleri Steph. = L. difformis
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 279–300. muricata (Lehm.) Nees
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 137–142. Chiloscyphus muricatus (Lehm.) J.J.Engel & R.M.Schust. (2)
(3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 143. L. spiniflora Steph. (2)
bewsii (Sim) Grolle
Leptoscyphus bewsii Sim (1, 2) Alt 280–1200 m. KZN, WC, EC
L. esterhuysenii S.W.Arnell (1, 2) rehmannii Steph. = L. concreta
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 200–750 semiteres (Lehm.) Mitt.
m. WC Chiloscyphus semiteres (Lehm.) Lindenb. (2)
bidentata (L.) Dumort. var. bidentata Perennial. Bryophyte, rarely epiphyte. Length up to 20
L. cuspidata (Nees) Limpr. (2) mm. Alt 200–2100 m. M, KZN, WC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 40 mm. Alt 180– spiniflora Steph. = L. muricata
1400 m. KZN, WC, EC
subintegra (Hook.f. & Taylor) Grolle = Clasmatocolea
concreta Mont.
L. rehmannii Steph. (2) vermicularis
L. subrotunda Mitt. (2) subrotunda Mitt. = L. concreta
GYMNOMITRIACEAE
GYMNOMITRION Corda 9725400 Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt 1200–

(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 309. 2900 m. KZN, WC
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 96, 97. scariosum (Lehm.) Nees = Gongylanthus scariosus
(3) Vána. 1999. Bryobrothera 5: 228, 229.
(4) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 31.
MARSUPELLA Dumort. 9725500
andinum (Herzog) Herzog (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 307–309.
Marsupella capensis S.W.Arnell (3, 4) (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 151, 152.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt 1200– capensis S.W.Arnell = Gymnomitrion andinum
1500 m. WC
sparsifolia (Lindb.) Dumort.
laceratum (Steph.) T.Horik. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt? WC
GEOCALYCACEAE Clasmatocolea HEPATOPHYTA

STEPHANIELLA Jack 9725600 paraphyllina Jack

(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 223. 3000 m. KZN, L
HAPLOMITRIACEAE
HAPLOMITRIUM Nees 9782900 gibbsiae (Steph.) R.M.Schust.

(2) Wigginton et al. 2001. Tropical Bryology 20: 55–59. Annual? Bryophyte. Length? Alt ± 2600 m. L
HERBERTACEAE
HERBERTUS Gray 9733200 Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 50

(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 310, 311. mm. Alt 1220–2850 m. LIM, M, KZN, L
SCHISMA Dumort. 9782100
capensis (Steph.) Sim
Schisma capense Steph. (1, 2) capense Steph. = Herbertus capensis
JUBULACEAE
FRULLANIA Raddi 9719600 Alt 950–1400 m. KZN, WC, EC

(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 131–159. dentilobula Steph. = F. arecae
(2) Vanden Berghen. 1976. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de
Belgique 46: 1–217. depressa Mitt.
(3) Yuzawa. 1991. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 70: F. natalensis Sim (1, 2)
181–291. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 20–90 mm. Alt 1390–
(4) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 80–94. 1795 m. M, KZN, L
(6) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 27–30. diptera (Lehm.) Drège
anderssonii Ångstr. Alt 180–1500 m. M, KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 80 mm. Alt ± 180
m. KZN ecklonii (Spreng.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
F. emergens Mitt. (4)
arecae (Spreng.) Gottsche Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length ± 50 mm.
F. dentilobula Steph. (4)
F. mundiana Lindenb. & Gottsche (4)
Alt? WC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 40–80 mm. Alt 500– emergens Mitt. = F. ecklonii
2150 m. M, KZN, WC, EC eplicata Steph.
borgenii Pearson = F. obscurifolia Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 20–35 mm.
brunnea (Spreng.) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees Alt ± 930 m. LIM
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 15–30(–40) ericoides (Nees) Mont.
mm. Alt 500–1200 m. WC F. squarrosa Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees (4)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 30–40 mm. Alt
bursicula Steph. = F. socotrana 60–2100 m. LIM, G, KZN, L, WC, EC
caffraria Steph. garsidei S.W.Arnell = F. variegata
Alt 60–1230 m. KZN, WC, EC lindenbergii Lehm.
capensis Gottsche 920–1235 m. M, KZN, EC
F. rehmannii Steph. (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 10–30 mm. mundiana Lindenb. & Gottsche = F. arecae
HEPATOPHYTA GYMNOMITRIACEAE Stephaniella

natalensis Sim = F. depressa spongiosa Steph.

obscurifolia Mitt. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 20–40 mm. Alt ± 240 m.
F. borgenii Pearson (2) EC
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 10–20 mm. Alt squarrosa Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees = F. ericoides
60–2160 m. S, KZN, L, WC, EC
rehmannii Steph. = F. capensis trinervis (Lehm.) Drège
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 20–30(–40)
serrata Gottsche mm. Alt 60–2450 m. LIM, G, M, KZN, L, WC,
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 40–100 mm. Alt 540– EC
1500 m. LIM, KZN, WC, EC
socotrana Mitt. variegata Steph.
F. bursicula Steph. (2, 4) F. garsidei S.W.Arnell (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 5–15 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 15–30 mm. Alt
Alt 300–1630 m. KZN, L 600–1200 m. KZN, WC
JUNGERMANNIACEAE
ANASTROPHYLLUM (Spruce) 9723500 (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 103, 104.
Steph. colorata (Lehm.) Schiffn.
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 363–365. J. oenops (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph. (2)
(2) Vána. 1975. Miscellanea Bryologica Lichenologica 7: 25–27. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 100 mm. Alt 400–
(3) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 16, 17. 1200 m. KZN, WC
(4) Engel & Braggins. 1998. Journal of Bryology 20: 371–388.
(5) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 141. grandiflora (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph. = Crypto-
chila grandiflora
auritum (Lehm.) Steph.
A. gambaragarae Gola (1, 2, 3, 4) oenops (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph. = J. colorata
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 900– purpurascens Steph.
3000 m. KZN, L, WC J. rehmannii Steph. (2)
gambaragarae Gola = A. auritum Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 60 mm. Alt ± 480
m. WC
minutum (Schreb.) R.M.Schust.
Sphenolobus minutus (Schreb.) Berggr. (2, 3) rehmannii Steph. = J. purpurascens
3000 m. KZN, WC JUNGERMANNIA L. 9723900
CHANDONANTHUS Mitt. 9723600 (2) Vána. 1974. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica, Praha 9:
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 354, 355. 277–312.
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 42, 43. (3) Vána. 1975. Folia Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica, Praha 10:
357–382.
hirtellus (F.Weber) Mitt. (4) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50:
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 80 104–110.
mm. Alt 1580–2490 m. M (5) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 142.
(6) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 33–37.
CRYPTOCHILA R.M.Schust. 9782200
austroafricana S.W.Arnell = J. mildbraedii
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 65. borgenii Gottsche ex Pearson
Solenostoma borgenii (Gottsche ex Pearson) Steph. (2, 3)
grandiflora (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Grolle Solenostoma stoloniferum (Steph.) S.W.Arnell (1)
Jamesoniella grandiflora (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Steph. (1, 2)
2100 m. KZN, WC
3000 m. KZN, WC
mildbraedii Steph.
GYMNOCOLEOPSIS (R.M.Schust.) 9782300 J. austroafricana S.W.Arnell (3)
R.M.Schust. Solenostoma austroafricanum (S.W.Arnell) S.W.Arnell (1)
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 96. 2100 m. KZN, WC
capensis (S.W.Arnell) R.M.Schust. muricata Lehm. = Lophocolea muricata
Lophozia capensis S.W.Arnell (1, 2)
pocsii Vána
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 2 mm. Alt 300–350 Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 7–30 mm. Alt ± 2500 m.
m. WC KZN
JAMESONIELLA (Spruce) 9723800 pumila With.
Carrington Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 15–25 mm. Alt 2300–
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 319–324. 2900 m. KZN, L
JUBULACEAE Frullania HEPATOPHYTA

sphaerocarpa Hook. N. jackii (Steph.) Steph. (2)

Solenostoma sphaerocarpum (Hook.) Steph. (2) Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 15 mm. Alt 630–
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 5–40 mm. Alt 2900– 1450 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, EC
3000 m. KZN, L
SOLENOSTOMA Mitt. 9782400
LOPHOZIA (Dumort.) Dumort. 9724000 austroafricanum (S.W.Arnell) S.W.Arnell = Junger-
(2) Vána. 1982. Geobotanica et Phytotaxonomica, Praha 17: 63–87.
mannia mildbraedii
(3) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 145, borgenii (Gottsche ex Pearson) Steph. = Jungermannia
146. borgenii
sphaerocarpum (Hook.) Steph. = Jungermannia sphaero-
argentina (Steph.) R.M.Schust. carpa
L. montaguensis S.W.Arnell (1, 3)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 40 mm. Alt 790– stoloniferum (Steph.) S.W.Arnell = Jungermannia bor-
2400 m. KZN, L, WC genii
capensis S.W.Arnell = Gymnocoleopsis capensis SPHENOLOBUS (Lindb.) Berggr. 9724200
montaguensis S.W.Arnell= L. argentina
minutus (Schreb.) Berggr. = Anastrophyllum minutum
NOTOSCYPHUS Mitt. 9724100
TRITOMARIA Schiffn. ex Loeske 9782800
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 165. (1) Vána. 1993. Tropical Bryology 8: 99–103.
belangerianus (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Mitt. = N. lutescens (3) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 73.
jackii (Steph.) Steph. = N. lutescens exsecta (Schmidel) Loeske
lutescens (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Mitt. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 5–18 mm. Alt
N. belangerianus (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Mitt. (2) up to 2900 m. KZN
LEJEUNEACEAE
ACANTHOCOLEUS R.M.Schust. 9721000 Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 3 mm.

(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 227–229. Alt 270–1200 m. M, WC
(2) Kruijt. 1988. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 36: 62–104.
(3) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 11, 12. ARCHILEJEUNEA (Spruce) 9720300
(4) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 6. Schiffn.
aberrans (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Kruijt var. laevis Gradst. (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 218, 219.
Dicranolejeunea atra (Mitt.) Vanden Berghen (3) (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 25–27.
Lejeunea atra Mitt. (3)
elobulata Steph.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 10–30 mm. Alt Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 25 mm.
1200–1500 m. KZN Alt ± 180 m. EC
chrysophyllus (Lehm.) Kruijt rotundistipula (Lindenb. ex Lehm.) Sim = Leucole-
Dicranolejeunea chrysophylla (Lehm.) Grolle (2, 3)
Dicranolejeunea natalensis (Sim) S.W.Arnell (1) jeunea rotundistipula
Alt 300–2100 m. KZN, L, EC BRACHIOLEJEUNEA (Spruce) 9720400
Schiffn.
madagascariensis (Steph.) Kruijt (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 224–226.
Dicranolejeunea madagascariensis Steph. (2, 3)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt ± 850
m. M confertifolia Steph. = Frullanoides tristis
crenata Sim = Frullanoides tristis
ANOMALOLEJEUNEA (Spruce) 9720100 phyllorhiza (Nees) Kruijt & Gradst.
Schiffn. Dicranolejeunea phyllorhiza (Nees) Schiffn. (1, 2)
pluriplicata (Pearson) Schiffn. = Cheilolejeunea pluri- Alt 900–2100 m. LIM, KZN
plicata
tristis (Steph.) Steph. = Frullanoides tristis
APHANOLEJEUNEA A.Evans 9720200 CAUDALEJEUNEA (Steph.) 9720500
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 171, 172. Schiffn.
capensis (S.W.Arnell) S.W.Arnell (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 35–37.
Cololejeunea capensis S.W.Arnell (1, 2) (3) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 73.
HEPATOPHYTA JUNGERMANNIACEAE Jungermannia

africana (Steph.) Steph. C. myriantha (Herzog) S.W.Arnell (3)

Thysananthus africanus (Sim) S.W.Arnell, illegitimate name (1, 2, C. myriocarpa (Nees & Mont.) C.Massal. (3)
3) Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 1–5 mm. Alt
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 20 mm. 300–1700 m. M, KZN, L
Alt ± 1390 m. EC mocambiquensis S.W.Arnell
hanningtonii (Mitt.) Schiffn. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 2 mm.
Lejeunea hanningtonii Mitt. (2) Alt 1200–1580 m. LIM, EC
myriantha (Herzog) S.W.Arnell = C. minutissima subsp.
± 180 m. EC
myriocarpa
CHEILOLEJEUNEA (Spruce) 9720600 myriocarpa (Nees & Mont.) C.Massal. = C. minutissima
Schiffn. subsp. myriocarpa
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 209–211. occidentalis (E.W.Jones) Vanden Berghen
(2) Jones. 1988. Journal of Bryology 15: 149–160. Leptocolea cristata (Steph.) E.W.Jones var. occidentalis E.W.Jones
(3) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 43–49. (3)
(4) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 16. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt? Distr.?
convexa (S.W.Arnell) S.W.Arnell oleana Sim
Lejeunea convexa S.W.Arnell (1, 2) Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 5–12 mm. Alt
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 15 mm. Alt 900– ± 370 m. EC
1080 m. WC
inflata Steph. = C. intertexta COLURA (Dumort.) Dumort. 9720900
intertexta (Lindenb.) Steph. (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 176–178.
C. inflata Steph. (2) (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 62–64.
Lejeunea intertexta Lindenb. (2) (3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 141.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 180– (4) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 21, 22.
1480 m. KZN, EC calyptrifolia (Hook.) Dumort.
Lejeunea calyptrifolia (Hook.) Spreng., illegitimate name (4)
krakakammae (Lindenb.) R.M.Schust.
Lejeunea brevifissa Gottsche (2, 3) Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 2–4 mm. Alt ± 1790 m.
Lejeunea krakakammae Lindenb. (2, 3) M, S, KZN
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 20 mm. calyptrifolia (Hook.) Dumort. subsp. tenuicornis
Alt 150–2100 m. M, KZN, EC (A.Evans) Vanden Berghen = C. tenuicornis
pluriplicata (Pearson) R.M.Schust. tenuicornis (A.Evans) Steph.
Anomalolejeunea pluriplicata (Pearson) Schiffn. (2) C. calyptrifolia (Hook.) Dumort. subsp. tenuicornis (A.Evans)
Lejeunea pluriplicata Pearson (2) Vanden Berghen (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 20 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 2 mm.
mm. Alt 280–620 m. WC Alt ± 1200 m. KZN
pocsii E.W.Jones
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 14 mm. Alt up to DICRANOLEJEUNEA Steph. 9721000
600 m. KZN
atra (Mitt.) Vanden Berghen = Acanthocoleus aberrans
rufescens (Lindenb.) Grolle var. laevis
chrysophylla (Lehm.) Grolle = Acanthocoleus chryso-
phyllus
COLOLEJEUNEA (Spruce) 9720800
Schiffn. madagascariensis Steph. = Acanthocoleus madagas-
cariensis
(2) Perold. 1992. Bothalia 22: 177–182. natalensis (Sim) S.W.Arnell = Acanthocoleus chryso-
(3) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 51–62. phyllus
phyllorhiza (Nees) Schiffn. = Brachiolejeunea phyl-
capensis S.W.Arnell = Aphanolejeunea capensis lorhiza
cardiocarpa (Mont.) A.Evans
Lejeunea cardiocarpa Mont. (3)
Leptocolea cardiocarpa (Mont.) A.Evans (3)
DIPLASIOLEJEUNEA (Spruce) 9721100
Leptocolea cristata (Steph.) E.W.Jones var. lanciloba S.W.Arnell, Schiffn.
misapplied name (3) (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 163–166.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 6 mm. (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 68–70.
Alt 400–1390 m. S, EC brachyclada A.Evans = D. cavifolia
dissita E.W.Jones = C. minutissima subsp. myriocarpa cavifolia Steph.
minutissima (Sm.) Schiffn. subsp. minutissima D. brachyclada A.Evans (2)
Lejeunea minutissima (Sm.) Spreng., illegitimate name (3) Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 20 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 1–3 mm. Alt 600–1500 Alt ± 1200 m. KZN
m. KZN kraussiana (Lindenb.) Steph.
minutissima (Sm.) Schiffn. subsp. myriocarpa (Nees Lejeunea kraussiana Lindenb. in Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees (1, 2)
& Mont.) R.M.Schust. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 5 mm.
C. dissita E.W.Jones (3) Alt 620–1030 m. WC
LEJEUNEACEAE Caudalejeunea HEPATOPHYTA

DREPANOLEJEUNEA (Spruce) 9721200 duncaniae (Sim) S.W.Arnell

Schiffn. Stylolejeunea duncaniae Sim (1)
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 71–74. Alt 180–225 m. KZN, EC
(3) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 24. eckloniana Lindenb. in Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
capensis Steph. = D. hamatifolia L. microlobulata S.W.Arnell (1, 3)
L. wilmsii (Steph.) Steph. (1, 3)
hamatifolia (Hook.) Schiffn. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 8 mm.
D. capensis Steph. (2)
Alt 200–2900 m. LIM, KZN, L, WC, EC
Alt 280–1750 m. M, KZN, WC expansa (Steph.) Steph. = L. tabularis
papillosa S.W.Arnell flava (Sw.) Nees, not in FSA region (5)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 7 mm. hanningtonii Mitt. = Caudalejeunea hanningtonii
Alt ± 500 m. WC helenae Pearson
physaefolia (Gottsche) Steph. Microlejeunea helenae (Pearson) Sim (3)
D. vesiculosa (Mitt.) Steph. (3) Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 8 mm.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 3 mm. Alt 180–1750 m. LIM, KZN, EC
Alt 1200–1500 m. LIM, KZN intertexta Lindenb. = Cheilolejeunea intertexta
vesiculosa (Mitt.) Steph. = D. physaefolia isomorpha Gottsche, name confused in southern African
plants with L. isophylla (3)
EULEJEUNEA Steph. 9721250
isophylla E.W.Jones
caespitosa (Lindenb.) Steph. = Lejeunea caespitosa Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 3 mm. Alt
1480–1600 m. M
FRULLANOIDES Raddi 9721300
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 224–226. krakakammae Lindenb. = Cheilolejeunea krakakam-
(2) Van Slageren. 1985. Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en mae
Herbarium van de Rijksuniversiteit te Utrecht 544: 76–126. kraussiana Lindenb. in Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees =
Diplasiolejeunea kraussiana
tristis (Steph.) Van Slageren
Brachiolejeunea confertifolia Steph. (2, 3) letabaensis S.W.Arnell = L. rhodesiae
Brachiolejeunea crenata Sim (1, 3) microlobulata S.W.Arnell = L. eckloniana
Brachiolejeunea tristis (Steph.) Steph. (2, 3)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 10–25 mm. minutissima (Sm.) Spreng., illegitimate name = Colole-
Alt 900–1500 m. LIM, KZN, EC jeunea minutissima subsp. minutissima
nigricans Lindenb. = Lopholejeunea nigricans
INFLATOLEJEUNEA S.W.Arnell 9721400 phyllobola Nees & Mont.
capensis (Gottsche) S.W.Arnell = Lejeunea capensis L. brittoniae (A.Evans) Grolle (5)
Rectolejeunea arnellii E.W.Jones (3)
LEJEUNEA Lib. 9721500 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length ± 5 mm. Alt ±
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 184–194, 198–208.
280 m. WC
(2) Grolle. 1977. Journal of Bryology 9: 529–538. pluriplicata Pearson = Cheilolejeunea pluricata
(3) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50:
112–127. rhodesiae (Sim) R.M.Schust.
(4) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 143. L. letabaensis S.W.Arnell (3)
(5) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 37–43. Rectolejeunea rhodesiae (Sim) S.W.Arnell (3)
africana (Steph.) Steph. = Microlejeunea africana Alt 180–2400 m. LIM, KZN, L, WC, EC
arnelliana R.M.Schust. = L. villaumei
rotundistipula (Lindenb. ex Lehm.) Mont. = Leucolejeunea
atra Mitt. = Acanthocoleus aberrans var. laevis rotundistipula
brevifissa Gottsche = Cheilolejeunea krakakammae subfusca (Nees) Nees & Mont. = Lopholejeunea sub-
brittoniae (A.Evans) Grolle = L. phyllobola fusca
caespitosa Lindenb. tabularis (Spreng.) Gottsche
Eulejeunea caespitosa (Lindenb.) Steph. (3) L. expansa (Steph.) Steph. (3)
Alt 300–1800 m. M, KZN, WC, EC Alt 1200–2300 m. M, KZN, L
calyptrifolia (Hook.) Spreng., illegitimate name = Colura unciloba Lindenb. in Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees =
calyptrifolia Leucolejeunea unciloba
capensis Gottsche villaumei (Steph.) Grolle
Inflatolejeunea capensis (Gottsche) S.W.Arnell (1, 3, 5) L. arnelliana R.M.Schust. (3)
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 10 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 10 mm.
mm. Alt 260–2400 m. LIM, KZN, L, WC Alt 200–1090 m. WC
cardiocarpa Mont. = Cololejeunea cardiocarpa wilmsii (Steph.) Steph. = L. eckloniana
conformis Nees & Mont. = Taxilejeunea conformis xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Gottsche, Lindenb. &
convexa S.W.Arnell = Cheilolejeunea convexa Nees = Leucolejeunea xanthocarpa
HEPATOPHYTA LEJEUNEACEAE Drepanolejeunea

LEPTOCOLEA (Spruce) A.Evans 9721600 Lejeunea africana (Steph.) Steph. (2)

cardiocarpa (Mont.) A.Evans = Cololejeunea cardio- Alt 180–2900 m. KZN, L, WC, EC
carpa
helenae (Pearson) Sim = Lejeunea helenae
cristata (Steph.) E.W.Jones var. lanciloba S.W.Arnell,
misapplied name = Cololejeunea cardiocarpa PHRAGMILEJEUNEA R.M.Schust. 9722200
cristata (Steph.) E.W.Jones var. occidentalis E.W.Jones molleri (Steph.) R.M.Schust. = Schiffneriolejeunea
= Cololejeunea occidentalis polycarpa
LEUCOLEJEUNEA A.Evans 9721700 pappeana (Nees) R.M.Schust. = Schiffneriolejeunea
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 220–222. pappeana
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 136,
137. PTYCHANTHUS Nees 9722400
(3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 143. (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 215–218.
capensis S.W.Arnell = L. xanthocarpa (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50:
194–195.
rotundistipula (Lindenb. ex Lehm.) A.Evans
Archilejeunea rotundistipula (Lindenb. ex Lehm.) Sim (1) dioicus (Sim) S.W.Arnell = P. striatus
Lejeunea rotundistipula (Lindenb. ex Lehm.) Mont. (2) striatus (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Nees
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 20 P. dioicus (Sim) S.W.Arnell (2)
mm. Alt 500–2400 m. KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 10 mm.
unciloba (Lindenb.) A.Evans Alt 900–2450 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
Lejeunea unciloba Lindenb. in Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 15 mm. RECTOLEJEUNEA A.Evans 9722600
Alt 620–1190 m. KZN, WC arnellii E.W.Jones = Lejeunea phyllobola
xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) A.Evans rhodesiae (Sim) S.W.Arnell = Lejeunea rhodesiae
L. capensis S.W.Arnell (1, 2)
Lejeunea xanthocarpa (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Gottsche, Lindenb. &
Nees (2)
SCHIFFNERIOLEJEUNEA Verd. 9782500
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 30 mm. (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 232–234.
Alt 500–1330 m. LIM, KZN, WC, EC 218–220.
LOPHOLEJEUNEA (Spruce) 9721800 pappeana (Nees) Gradst.

Phragmilejeunea pappeana (Nees) R.M.Schust. (2)
Schiffn.
(1) Sim. 1926. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 15:
54, 55. Alt 490–1200 m. WC, EC
(2) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 213–215. polycarpa (Nees) Gradst.
(3) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 142– Phragmilejeunea molleri (Steph.) R.M.Schust. (2)
145. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 10–30 mm.
fragilis Steph. = L. nigricans Alt 180–900 m. KZN, WC, EC
nigricans (Lindenb.) Schiffn.
Lejeunea nigricans Lindenb. (3) STYLOLEJEUNEA Sim 9722800
L. fragilis Steph. (3)
L. palustris (Sim) S.W.Arnell (3) duncaniae Sim = Lejeunea duncaniae
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 35
mm. Alt 950–2450 m. M, KZN TAXILEJEUNEA (Spruce) Schiffn. 9722900
palustris (Sim) S.W.Arnell = L. nigricans (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 228,
subfusca (Nees) Schiffn. 229.
Lejeunea subfusca (Nees) Nees & Mont. (3) (3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 145.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 40 conformis (Nees & Mont.) Steph.
mm. Alt 1850–1960 m. KZN Lejeunea conformis Nees & Mont. (1, 2)
MARCHESINIA Gray 9721900 Alt 490–1500 m. KZN, WC
madagassa Steph., not in FSA region vallis-gratiae Steph.
MICROLEJEUNEA Steph. 9722100 Alt 500–2300 m. G, KZN, L, WC, EC
161–163.
THYSANANTHUS Lindenb. 9723000
(3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 144. africanus (Sim) S.W.Arnell, illegitimate name = Caudale-
africana Steph. jeunea africana
LEJEUNEACEAE Leptocolea HEPATOPHYTA

LEPICOLEACEAE
LEPICOLEA Dumort. 9732700 ochroleuca (Spreng.) Spruce

(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 368, 369. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 100
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 127. mm. Alt 600–1700 m. WC
LEPIDOZIACEAE
ACROMASTIGUM A.Evans 9731400 (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 111, 112.
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 383, 384. capillaris (Sw.) Grolle subsp. capillaris var. capillaris
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 14. Lepidozia capillaris (Sw.) Lindenb. (2)
Microlepidozia tabularis (Steph.) S.W.Arnell (1)
exile (Lindenb.) A.Evans
Bazzania pellucida Sim (1, 2) Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 40 mm. Alt 300–
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 60 mm. Alt 450– 1250 m. WC
1390 m. WC, EC irregularis (Steph.) Grolle
Lepidozia irregularis Steph. (1, 2)
ARACHNIOPSIS Spruce 9731500 Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 50 mm. Alt ± 1250
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 385–387. m. WC
(3) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 73.
LEPIDOZIA Dumort. 9731900
coactilis Spruce = A. diacantha (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 378–383.
diacantha (Mont.) M.Howe (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 127–131.
A. coactilis Spruce (1, 2) (3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 133–155.
Telaranea sejuncta (Ångstr.) S.W.Arnell (3) (4) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 43, 44.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 20 bicuspidata C.Massal. = Paracromastigum tristani-
mm. Alt 300–1200 m. LIM, KZN, WC, EC anum
BAZZANIA Gray 9731600 capillaris (Sw.) Lindenb. = Kurzia capillaris subsp.
capillaris var. capillaris
(2) Jones. 1975. Journal of Bryology 8: 299–316. cupressina (Sw.) Lindenb. subsp. cupressina
(3) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 30–32. L. truncatella Nees (1)
borbonica (Steph.) Steph. = B. praerupta Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 50 mm. Alt 260–
convexa (Lindenb.) Trevis. = B. nitida 3090 m. LIM, L, WC, EC
decrescens (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Trevis. cupressina (Sw.) Lindenb. subsp. natalensis (Steph.)
B. fusca Steph. (3) Pócs
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 1350– L. natalensis Steph. (1)
1580 m. M, S Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 25 mm. Alt 180–
900 m. WC, EC
fusca Steph. = B. decrescens
hyalina Steph. = L. pearsonii
nitida (F.Weber) Grolle
B. convexa (Lindenb.) Trevis. (3) irregularis Steph. = Kurzia irregularis
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 30 natalensis Steph. = L. cupressina subsp. natalensis
mm. Alt 500–1350 m. M, KZN, WC, EC
nematodes (Gottsche ex Austin) Spruce = Telaranea
pellucida Sim = Acromastigum exile nematodes
praerupta (Reinw., Blume & Nees) Trevis. pearsonii Spruce
B. borbonica (Steph.) Steph. (3) L. hyalina Steph. (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 30–60 mm. Alt ± 1850 m. M Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 60 mm. Alt ± 2100
m. KZN
HYALOLEPIDOZIA S.W.Arnell 9731700
ex Grolle spinosa S.W.Arnell = Psiloclada clandestina
stuhlmannii Steph. subsp. stuhlmannii
bicuspidata (C.Massal.) S.W.Arnell ex Grolle = Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 30 mm.
Paracromastigum tristanianum Alt 1800–2600 m. LIM, KZN
KURZIA G.Martens 9731800 succulenta Sim = Paracromastigum succulentum
(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 374–378. truncatella Nees = L. cupressina subsp. cupressina
HEPATOPHYTA LEPICOLEACEAE Lepicolea

MICROLEPIDOZIA Spruce 9732000 PSILOCLADA Mitt. 9732100

succulenta (Sim) S.W.Arnell = Paracromastigum succu- (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 194.
lentum
clandestina Mitt.
tabularis (Steph.) S.W.Arnell = Kurzia capillaris subsp. Lepidozia spinosa S.W.Arnell (1)
capillaris var. capillaris Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 25
mm. Alt 260–1710 m. G, M, WC
PARACROMASTIGUM Fulford 9732300
& J.Taylor
(1) Sim. 1926. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 15: 90. TELARANEA Spruce 9732200
(2) Engel & Smith Merrill. 2001. The Bryologist 104: 151–153. (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 372–374.
(3) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 53, 55, 73. (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 229,
succulentum (Sim) J.J.Engel & G.L.S.Merr. 230.
Lepidozia succulenta Sim (2) (3) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 73.
Microlepidozia succulenta (Sim) S.W.Arnell (2) nematodes (Gottsche ex Austin) M.Howe
Telaranea succulenta (Sim) Grolle (3) Lepidozia nematodes (Gottsche ex Austin) Spruce (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 20–40 mm. Alt ± 770 m. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 14 mm. Alt 370–
WC 1600 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
tristanianum (R.M.Schust.) R.M.Schust. sejuncta (Ångstr.) S.W.Arnell = Arachniopsis diacan-
Hyalolepidozia bicuspidata (C.Massal.) S.W.Arnell ex Grolle (3)
Lepidozia bicuspidata C.Massal. (3) tha
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 15 mm. Alt ± 900 succulenta (Sim) Grolle = Paracromastigum succulen-
m. WC tum
LUNULARIACEAE
LUNULARIA Adans. 9711500 cruciata (L.) Dumort. ex Lindb.

(1) Perold. 1999. FSA Hepatophyta 1,1: 21–25. m. G, M, KZN, WC, EC
MARCHANTIACEAE
DUMORTIERA Nees 9713100 paleacea Bertol.

(1) Perold. 1999. FSA Hepatophyta 1,1: 103–107. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 15 mm. Alt ± 1200
m. M
hirsuta (Sw.) Nees
Perennial, occ. annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 200 pappeana Lehm. subsp. pappeana
mm. Alt 200–1800 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, M. parviloba Steph. (1)
M. planiloba Steph. (1)
WC, EC M. wilmsii Steph. (1)
MARCHANTIA L. 9713200 Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–15 mm. Alt 250–
2150 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
(1) Perold. 1999. FSA Hepatophyta 1,1: 82–101.
berteroana Lehm. & Lindenb. parviloba Steph. = M. pappeana subsp. pappeana
M. contracta Bisch. (1)
M. tabularis Nees (1) planiloba Steph. = M. pappeana subsp. pappeana
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 30– *polymorpha L. subsp. ruderalis Bischl. & Boisselier
1545 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 35 mm. Alt? G
contracta Bisch. = M. berteroana (cultivated only)
debilis K.I.Goebel tabularis Nees = M. berteroana
m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC wilmsii Steph. = M. pappeana subsp. pappeana
LEPICOLEACEAE Microlepidozia HEPATOPHYTA

METZGERIACEAE
METZGERIA Raddi 9717400 elliotii Steph.

M. latifrons Steph. (1)
(2) Kuwahara. 1986. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 28: 13–228. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 10–20 mm.
(3) Piippo. 1991. Acta Botanica Fennica 143: 1–22. Alt 260–1800 m. KZN, WC
(4) Pócs. 1993. Tropical Bryology 8: 105–108.
(5) Grolle. 1995. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 48: 102, 103.
latifrons Steph. = M. elliotii
(6) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 157–161. leptoneura Spruce, not in FSA region (6, 9)
(8) Veltman et al. 2000. South African Journal of Botany 66: 112–114. limbato-setosa Steph.
(9) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 51, 52. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 20–40 mm. Alt
300–1850 m. KZN, WC, EC
africana Steph., to be clarified (9)
madagassa Steph., illegitimate name = M. australis
agnewii Kuwah.
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 4–8 mm. nicomariei Veltman, Potgieter & A.E.van Wyk
Alt 1500–2400 m. KZN, L Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 1.2–1.5 mm.
Alt ± 680 m. M
australis Steph.
M. madagassa Steph., illegitimate name (5) nudifrons Steph.
M. thomeensis Steph. (5) M. brunnthaleri Steph. (1)
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 30 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 20–40 mm. Alt
Alt ± 540 m. EC 225–2150 m. LIM, KZN, L, WC, EC
brunnthaleri Steph. = M. nudifrons perrotana Steph. = M. decipiens
capensis S.W.Arnell = M. decipiens quadrifaria Steph.
conjugata Lindb. up to 2950 m. L
Alt? Distr.? saxbyi Pearson
consanguinea Schiffn. Alt 625–770 m. S, WC
Alt up to 2400 m. L tabularis Steph.
corralensis Steph. (presence in FSA region doubtful) 1950 m. M, KZN, WC
decipiens (C.Massal.) Schiffn. thomeensis Steph. = M. australis
M. capensis S.W.Arnell (6)
M. perrotana Steph. (6) violacea (Ach.) Dumort.
Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length 10–20 mm. Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 10 mm.
Alt 180–1050 m. WC, EC Alt ± 1200 m. KZN
MONOCARPACEAE
MONOCARPUS D.J.Carr 9714900 Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1.6 mm. Alt ± 530 m. WC

(1) Carr. 1956. Australian Journal of Botany 4: 175–191.
(2) Perold. 1999. Bothalia 29: 225–230. CARRPOS Prosk. 9714800
sphaerocarpus D.J.Carr sphaerocarpos (D.J.Carr) Prosk. = Monocarpus sphae-
Carrpos sphaerocarpos (D.J.Carr) Prosk. (2) rocarpus
OXYMITRACEAE
OXYMITRA Bisch. 9713700 cristata Garside ex Perold

(1) Perold. 1999. FSA Hepatophyta 1,1: 108–111. 1960 m. N, FS, NC, EC
HEPATOPHYTA METZGERIACEAE Metzgeria

PALLAVICINIACEAE
JENSENIA Lindb. 9717900 stephanii J.B.Jack = Jensenia spinosa

(1) Perold. 1993. Bothalia 23: 223–229.
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 104. SYMPHYOGYNA Nees & Mont. 9718100
(1) Perold. 1992. Bothalia 22: 53–58.
spinosa (Lindenb. & Gottsche) Grolle (2) Perold. 1993. Bothalia 23: 15–23.
J. stephanii (J.B.Jack) E.W.Jones (1)
Pallavicinia stephanii J.B.Jack (2)
Symphyogyna spinosa Lindenb. & Gottsche (2) brasiliensis Nees & Mont.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 15 mm. Alt ± 1500 S. lehmanniana Mont. & Nees in Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees (1, 3)
m. M Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–20 mm. Alt 280– 2100
stephanii (J.B.Jack) E.W.Jones = J. spinosa m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
harveyana Taylor = S. podophylla
lehmanniana Mont. & Nees in Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees
PALLAVICINIA Gray 9718000 = S. brasiliensis
(1) Perold. 1993. Bothalia 23: 15–23.
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 168, 169. podophylla (Thunb.) Mont. & Nees
(3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 144. S. harveyana Taylor (2, 3)
S. rhizobola (Schwägr.) Nees (2, 3)
lyellii (Hook.) Carruth. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 15 mm. Alt 60–
P. pilifera Steph. (1, 2)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 60 mm. Alt 280– 2000 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
2000 m. LIM, NW, M, KZN, L, WC rhizobola (Schwägr.) Nees = S. podophylla
pilifera Steph. = P. lyellii spinosa Lindenb. & Gottsche = Jensenia spinosa
PLAGIOCHILACEAE
PLAGIOCHILA (Dumort.) Dumort. 9726700 injasutiensis S.W.Arnell, not accepted (3)

(1) Jones. 1962. Transactions of the British Bryological Society 4: 254–325. kiaeri Gottsche var. capensis (Steph.) E.W.Jones
(2) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 243–261. P. capensis Steph. (3)
(3) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 174–190. P. divergens Steph. var. capensis (Steph.) E.W.Jones (3)
(4) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 144. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 40–80 mm.
capensis Steph. = P. kiaeri var. capensis Alt 600–1750 m. LIM, M, KZN, L, WC
corniculata of author, not of Dumort., illegitimate name knysnana S.W.Arnell = Leptoscyphus expansus
= P. exigua lastii Mitt.
corymbulosa Pearson = P. heterostipa P. sprengeri Steph. (1)
crispulo-caudata Gottsche = P. squamulosa var. crispu-
Alt 900–1500 m. G, KZN, WC, EC
lo- caudata
lophophora R.M.Schust. = P. exigua
divergens Steph. var. capensis (Steph.) E.W.Jones = P.
kiaeri var. capensis lunata S.W.Arnell
esterhuysenii S.W.Arnell = P. squamulosa var. crispulo-
3200 m. L, WC
caudata
natalensis Pearson = P. heterostipa
exigua (Taylor) Taylor
P. corniculata of author, not of Dumort., illegitimate name (3) pseudo-attenuata S.W.Arnell
P. lophophora R.M.Schust. (3) P. subalpina Steph., illegitimate name (3)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 600– Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 920–
2900 m. KZN, L 3200 m. KZN, L, WC
fuscovirens Steph. = P. squamulosa var. crispulo-caudata sarmentosa (Lehm.) Lindenb.
haumannii Herzog Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 40–60 mm. Alt 300– 1700
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length? Alt 600–900 m. WC m. WC
heterostipa Steph. sprengeri Steph. = P. lastii
P. corymbulosa Pearson (1) squamulosa Mitt. var. crispulo-caudata (Gottsche)
P. natalensis Pearson (1) Vanden Berghen
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 30–50 mm. P. crispulo-caudata Gottsche (3)
Alt 500–1800 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC P. esterhuysenii S.W.Arnell (3)
PALLAVICINIACEAE Jensenia HEPATOPHYTA

P. fuscovirens Steph. (3) Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 100 mm.

Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 60 Alt ± 600 m. KZN
mm. Alt 250–2450 m. LIM, M, KZN, L, WC, EC thomeensis Steph. = P. terebrans
subalpina Steph., illegitimate name = P. pseudo-attenuata wilmsiana Steph.
terebrans Nees & Mont. ex Lindenb. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 15 mm.
P. thomeensis Steph. (3) Alt 620–1000 m. WC
PORELLACEAE
MADOTHECA Dumort. 9719110 Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 80 mm.

Alt? KZN
capensis Gottsche in Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees =
Porella capensis capensis (Gottsche) Mitt.
Madotheca capensis Gottsche in Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees (1, 2, 3)
matongae Herzog = Porella vallis-gratiae
vallis-gratiae Gottsche ex Steph. = Porella vallis-gratiae Alt 370–2100 m. LIM, KZN, EC
PORELLA L. 9719100 hoehnelii Steph. = P. abyssinica var. hoehnelii
(2) Jones. 1963. Transactions of the British Bryological Society 4: 446–461. vallis-gratiae (Gottsche) S.W.Arnell
(3) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 191–193. Madotheca matongae Herzog (3)
(4) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 144. Madotheca vallis-gratiae Gottsche ex Steph. (1, 2, 3)
abyssinica var. hoehnelii (Steph.) Pócs Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 50 mm.
P. hoehnelii Steph. (3) Alt 300–1750 m. KZN, WC
RADULACEAE
RADULA Dumort. 9718600 lindenbergiana Gottsche

R. capensis Steph. (4)
(1) Sim. 1926. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 15: 71.
R. commutata Gottsche (4)
(3) Jones. 1977. Journal of Bryology 9: 461–504. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 30
(4) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 197–202. mm. Alt 200–2100 m. S, KZN, L, WC, EC
(5) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 144, 145.
(6) Grolle. 2001. Haussknechtia 8: 59–69. macroloba Steph. = R. voluta
ankefinensis Gottsche meyeri Steph. = R. fulvifolia
R. holstiana Steph. (6) quadrata Gottsche
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 20 R. recurvifolia Steph. (4)
mm. Alt 500–1450 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 50
boryana (F.Weber) Nees mm. Alt ± 2100 m. KZN
R. tamariscina Mitt. (6) recurvifolia Steph. = R. quadrata
R. thomeensis Steph. (4)
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 100 stenocalyx Mont.
R. tubiflora Steph., as ‘tubaeflora’ (2)
mm. Alt 600–2100 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC R. vaginata Steph. (1, 2)
capensis Steph. = R. lindenbergiana Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length 20–30
commutata Gottsche = R. lindenbergiana mm. Alt 620–1390 m. KZN, WC, EC
comorensis Steph. stipatiflora Steph. = R. voluta
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 40 mm. Alt ± 2400 tabularis Steph.
m. L Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 40
delessertii Steph. = R. voluta mm. Alt 500–1000 m. WC
fulvifolia (Hook.f. & Taylor) Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees tamariscina Mitt. = R. boryana
R. meyeri Steph. (6)
thomeensis Steph. = R. boryana
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 10
mm. Alt 920–1200 m. M, WC, EC tubiflora Steph., as ‘tubaeflora’ = R. stenocalyx
holstiana Steph. = R. ankefinensis vaginata Steph. = R. stenocalyx
HEPATOPHYTA PLAGIOCHILACEAE Plagiochila

voluta Taylor ex Gottsche, Lindenb. & Nees R. stipatiflora Steph. (6)

R. delessertii Steph. (6) Perennial. Bryophyte, epiphyte. Length up to 20 mm.
R. macroloba Steph. (6) Alt 1120–2150 m. M, KZN, EC
RICCIACEAE
RICCIA L. 9714200 Annual. Bryophyte. Length 5–15 mm. Alt 15–3100 m.

(1) Perold. 1989. Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory 67: KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
109–201. campbelliana M.Howe = R. macrocarpa
(2) Perold. 1999. FSA Hepatophyta 1,1: 115–240.
(3) Jovet-Ast. 2000. Cryptogamie, Bryologie 21: 289–343. canescens Steph. = R. crinita
(4) Perold. 2001. Bothalia 31: 151–154.
(5) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 66–69. capensis Steph. = R. limbata
abnormis (Steph.) Steph. = R. moenkemeyeri cavernosa Hoffm. emended Raddi
R. rautanenii Steph. (2)
africana Sim = R. crozalsii Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt 30–1825
alatospora O.H.Volk & Perold m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC,
Annual. Bryophyte. Length 3.5–5 mm. Alt ± 260 m. WC EC
albolimbata S.W.Arnell compacta Garside
R. albosquamata S.W.Arnell (2) Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt 40–180
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt 275–2250 m. WC
m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, EC concava Bisch.
albomarginata Bisch. Annual. Bryophyte. Length 6–10 mm. Alt 130–1340
Annual. Bryophyte. Length 5–7 mm. Alt 180–1110 m. m. NC, WC, EC
NC, WC congoana Steph.
alboporosa Perold R. berriei E.W.Jones (2)
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 7 mm. Alt 570–640 R. nigrosquamata E.W.Jones (2)
R. rhodesiae S.W.Arnell (2)
m. NC, WC
albornata O.H.Volk & Perold 1740 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S
crinita Taylor
1280 m. NC, WC, EC R. canescens Steph. (3)
albosquamata S.W.Arnell = R. albolimbata R. trichocarpa M.Howe (3)
albovestita O.H.Volk Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 2.5–7 mm. Alt 800–
R. duthieae O.H.Volk & Perold (2) 1870 m. N, B, LIM, NW, FS, L, NC, EC
R. sarcosa O.H.Volk & Perold (2) crozalsii Levier
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt 780– R. africana Sim (2)
1760 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, WC, EC R. crozalsii Levier var. austroafricana S.W.Arnell (2)
ampullacea Perold Annual. Bryophyte. Length 3–6 mm. Alt 150–1000 m.
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt 2000– WC
3000 m. FS, KZN, L, EC crozalsii Levier var. austroafricana S.W.Arnell = R.
angolensis Steph. crozalsii
R. pseudolimbata S.W.Arnell (2) crystallina L. emended Raddi
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 12 mm. Alt 870– R. plana Taylor (2)
1760 m. N, B, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC Annual. Bryophyte. Length 5–7 mm. Alt 200–3000 m.
argenteolimbata O.H.Volk & Perold NW, M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 2–7 mm. Alt 420–1305 cupulifera A.V.Duthie
m. N, B, LIM, NW, FS, NC Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 7 mm. Alt 25–1500
atropurpurea Sim m. M, FS, NC, WC
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 5–10 mm. Alt 385–2100 curtisii (James ex Austin) Austin
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC R. spongosa S.W.Arnell (2)
berriei E.W.Jones = R. congoana Annual. Bryophyte. Length 2–8 mm. Alt 150–1650 m.
L, NC, WC
bicolorata Perold
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 5 mm. Alt 180–1490 duthieae O.H.Volk & Perold = R. albovestita
m. NC, WC elongata Perold
bullosa Link ex Lindenb. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt 1500–
R. montaguensis S.W.Arnell (2) 1720 m. G, M
RADULACEAE Radula HEPATOPHYTA

fluitans L., not endemic to FSA region (2) pseudolimbata S.W.Arnell = R. angolensis
furfuracea Perold pulveracea Perold
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt 600–1585 Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 6 mm. Alt 1000–
m. NC, WC 1600 m. FS, NC, EC
garsidei Sim purpurascens Lehm.
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 15 mm. Alt 150–790 Annual. Bryophyte. Length 9–17 mm. Alt 10–1070 m.
m. WC NC, WC
hantamensis Perold rautanenii Steph. = R. cavernosa
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt ± 900 m. rhodesiae S.W.Arnell = R. congoana
NC
rosea O.H.Volk & Perold
hirsuta O.H.Volk & Perold Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 12 mm. Alt 900–
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt ± 1200 1600 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS
m. NC
rubricollis Garside & A.V.Duthie ex Perold
limbata Bisch. Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 12 mm. Alt ± 280 m.
R. capensis Steph. (2)
WC
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 15 mm. Alt 150–
1400 m. NC, WC runssorensis Steph.
macrocarpa Levier
R. campbelliana M.Howe (2) 1730 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt 1340– sarcosa O.H.Volk & Perold = R. albovestita
1740 m. NW, G, M, FS, L schelpei O.H.Volk & Perold
mammifera O.H.Volk & Perold Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 12 mm. Alt 560–
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 5–10 mm. Alt 1400– 1340 m. NC, WC
1690 m. LIM, M sibayenii Perold
microciliata O.H.Volk & Perold Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 17 mm. Alt ± 270 m. M
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 1–4 mm. Alt 610–1400 simii Perold
m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 12 mm. Alt 50–
moenkemeyeri Steph. 2430 m. NW, G, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
R. abnormis (Steph.) Steph. (2) sorocarpa Bisch.
R. undulata S.W.Arnell (2)
Annual. Bryophyte. Length 3–6 mm. Alt 40–3000 m.
Annual. Bryophyte. Length 9–12 mm. Alt 1050–1250
M, KZN, L, NC, WC
m. LIM, G
montaguensis S.W.Arnell = R. bullosa spongosa S.W.Arnell = R. curtisii
montana Perold stricta (Lindenb.) Perold
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt 2200– Perennial. Bryophyte, frequent hydrophyte. Length
3200 m. KZN, L, EC 15–20 mm. Alt 5–2100 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G,
M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
namaquensis Perold
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt 805–1670 tomentosa O.H.Volk & Perold
m. NC Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 18 mm. Alt 670–
1120 m. NC
natalensis Sim
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 5–12 mm. Alt 950–1840 trachyglossum Perold
m. LIM, M, FS, KZN Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 5 mm. Alt 2500–
3000 m. L
nigrella DC.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 5 mm. Alt 40– trichocarpa M.Howe = R. crinita
1725 m. N, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, undulata S.W.Arnell = R. moenkemeyeri
EC villosa Steph.
nigrosquamata E.W.Jones = R. congoana Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 8 mm. Alt 200–1340
m. NC, WC, EC
okahandjana S.W.Arnell
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 5–10 mm. Alt 520–1860 vitrea Perold
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 9 mm. Alt 1160–
1345 m. NC
parvoareolata O.H.Volk & Perold
Annual. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt 130–210 volkii S.W.Arnell
m. WC Annual? Bryophyte. Length up to 9 mm. Alt 1100–
1720 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC
perssonii S.A.Khan
Annual. Bryophyte. Length 2–4 mm. Alt 1090–1550 m. N RICCIOCARPOS Corda 9714300
plana Taylor = R. crystallina (1) Perold. 1999. FSA Hepatophyta 1,1: 112–115.
pottsiana Sim natans (L.) Corda
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 1.5–3 mm. Alt 1500– Annual. Bryophyte, generally hydrophyte. Length 8–
1760 m. FS, NC, EC 14 mm. Alt 35–930 m. N, B, KZN, EC
HEPATOPHYTA RICCIACEAE Riccia

RIELLACEAE
RIELLA Mont. 9715900 capensis Cavers

(1) Perold. 2000. Bothalia 30: 125–142. Annual. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 10–30 mm.
Alt ± 20 m. EC
affinis M.Howe & Underw. echinospora Wigglesworth
Annual. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 23 mm. Annual. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 35 mm.
Alt ± 650 m. EC Alt 1300–1400 m. N, FS
alatospora Wigglesworth purpureospora Wigglesworth
Annual. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 20–35 mm. Annual. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length 20–60 mm.
Alt ± 80 m. WC Alt ± 20 m. WC
SCAPANIACEAE
SCAPANIA (Dumort.) Dumort. 9726120 Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 30 mm. Alt ± 3000 m. L
(1) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 218. cuspiduligera (Nees) Müll.Frib.
(2) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 145. Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt 2700–
calcicola (S.W.Arnell & J.Perss.) Ingham 3250 m. KZN, L
SCHISTOCHILACEAE
GOTTSCHEA Nees ex Mont. 9726110 SCHISTOCHILA Dumort. 9726100

(1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 241–243. (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 241–243.
(2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 95, 96. (2) Jones. 1976. Journal of Bryology 9: 33–41.
alata (Lehm.) Nees = Schistochila alata alata (Lehm.) Schiffn.
Gottschea alata (Lehm.) Nees (1)
sphagnoides (Schwägr.) Lindb. Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 60 mm.
Schistochila limbata S.W.Arnell (2) Alt 450–1450 m. LIM, WC
Schistochila sphagnoides (Schwägr.) Lindb. (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte, occ. epiphyte. Length up to 15 mm. limbata S.W.Arnell = Gottschea sphagnoides
Alt ± 1580 m. M sphagnoides (Schwägr.) Steph. = Gottschea sphagnoides
SPHAEROCARPACEAE
SPHAEROCARPOS Boehm. 9715400 stipitatus Bisch. ex Lindenb.

Annual. Bryophyte. Length 1.0–4.5 mm. Alt 20–1300 m.
(1) Perold. 2000. Bothalia 30: 17–24. NC, WC, EC
RIELLACEAE Riella HEPATOPHYTA

TARGIONIACEAE
TARGIONIA L. 9710200 Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 30 mm. Alt 65–

(1) Perold. 1999. FSA Hepatophyta 1,1: 15–18. 3240 m. N, LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC,
(2) Boisselier-Dubayle & Bischler. 1999. International Journal of EC
Plant Sciences 160: 1163–1169.
hypophylla L. var. capensis (Huebener) in Krauss = T.
capensis Huebener = T. hypophylla hypophylla
hypophylla L.
T. capensis Huebener (1) lorbeeriana Müll.Frib., no longer recognised as a sepa-
T. hypophylla L. var. capensis (Huebener) in Krauss (1) rate taxon (2)
HEPATOPHYTA TARGIONIACEAE Targionia

ANTHOCEROTO-
PHYTA
ANTHOCEROTACEAE
ANTHOCEROS L. 9733700 PHAEOCEROS Prosk. 9733800

(1) Stephani. 1916. Species hepaticarum V: 996. (1) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 400–403.
(2) Sim. 1926. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 15: (2) Wigginton & Grolle. 1996. Bryophytorum Bibliotheca 50: 169, 170.
112–115. (3) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 144.
(3) Arnell. 1963. Hepaticae of South Africa: 398–400. (4) Wigginton. 2002. Tropical Bryology Research Reports 3: 55.
(5) Hodgetts et al. 1999. Journal of Bryology 21: 141. bolusii (Sim) S.W.Arnell
carolinianus Michx. = Phaeoceros carolinianus m. LIM, G, S, KZN, WC, EC
dimorphus Sim carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk.
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–15 mm. Alt 750–1850 Anthoceros carolinianus Michx. (2)
Anthoceros ecklonii Steph. (2)
m. KZN, EC P. laevis subsp. carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk. (2)
ecklonii Steph. = Phaeoceros carolinianus Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 15 mm. Alt 300–
1600 m. LIM, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
minutus Mitt. = Phaeoceros minutus
fulvisporus (Steph.) J.Haseg.
natalensis Steph. Annual? Bryophyte. Length up to 20 mm. Alt? Distr.?
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length 10–15 mm. Alt 50–1850 laevis subsp. carolinianus (Michx.) Prosk. = P. carolinianus
m. N, LIM, NW, M, KZN, L, WC
minutus (Mitt.) S.W.Arnell
sambesianus Steph. Anthoceros minutus Mitt. (2)
Perennial. Bryophyte. Length up to 10 mm. Alt ± 1770 Annual. Bryophyte. Length ± 5 mm. Alt 260–600 m.
m. L KZN, WC
ANTHOCEROTACEAE Anthoceros ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA

PTERIDOPHYTA
ANEMIACEAE
Compiled by J.P. Roux
ANEMIA Sw. 0127900 Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 100–200 mm.

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 52–54. Alt 50–1400 m. NC, WC, EC
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: caffrorum var. ferruginea J.E.Burrows & S.M.Burrows
174–177.
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 52, 53. = M. nudiuscula
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 58–60. hirsuta J.P.Roux = M. marginalis
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 28.
(6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network marginalis (Savigny) J.P.Roux
Report No. 13: 51, 52. M. hirsuta J.P.Roux (5)
Osmunda crenata Desv. (5)
dregeana Kunze Osmunda marginalis Savigny (5)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 150–250 mm. Alt 50–1000 Osmunda thurifraga Comm. ex Bory, naked name (5)
m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC Osmunda thurifraga Comm. ex Savigny, naked name (5)
simii Tardieu Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 100–170 mm.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–200 mm. Alt 1400–1900 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
Alt 500–1500 m. LIM, M nudiuscula J.P.Roux
M. caffrorum var. ferruginea J.E.Burrows & S.M.Burrows (5)
MOHRIA Sw. 0128000 Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–220 mm.
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 54–57. Alt 800–2400 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa:
177–179. rigida J.P.Roux
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 53–55. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 80–150 mm.
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 62–65. Alt 1800–2438 m. M, FS, KZN, L
(5) Roux. 1995. Bothalia 25: 1–12.
(6) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 28. saxatilis J.P.Roux
(7) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 37. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 60–100 mm.
(8) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Alt 1000–1500 m. WC
Report No. 13: 52–55.
vestita Baker
caffrorum (L.) Desv. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 90–400 mm.
Cheilanthes fusca Blume (5)
Osmunda thurifera Sw. (5) Alt 50–3000 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
Polypodium caffrorum L. (5) L, EC
ASPLENIACEAE
ASPLENIUM L. 0201400 Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 60–

(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 9: 1. 400 mm. Alt 40–1300 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
(2) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 167–189. aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Bech. subsp. dodecaploideum
(3) Braithwaite. 1972. Journal of South African Botany 38: 1–7.
(4) Braithwaite. 1972. Journal of South African Botany 38: 9–27. A.F.Braithw.
(5) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 329–380. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 60–250 mm.
(6) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 173–207. Alt 1200–1825 m. G, M, L, EC
(7) Braithwate. 1986. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 93:
343–378. aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Bech. subsp. filare (Forssk.)
(8) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 212–256. A.F.Braithw.
(9) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 13–16. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–400 mm. Alt
(10) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 37, 38.
(11) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
1200–1700 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
No. 13: 156–173. aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Bech. subsp. tripinnatum (Baker)
(12) Van den Heede et al. 2003. American Journal of Botany 90: 481–495. A.F.Braithw.
adiantum-nigrum L. var. adiantum-nigrum Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 190–790
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–380 mm. mm. Alt 600–1825 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
Alt 90–2651 m. LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, anisophyllum Kunze
WC, EC Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 450–
adiantum-nigrum L. var. solidum (Kunze) J.P.Roux 500 mm. Alt 350–1940 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 140–380 mm. Alt 50–600 m. blastophorum Hieron.
WC, EC Perennial. Herb, epiphyte. Ht 200–400 mm. Alt ± 160 m.
aethiopicum (Burm.f.) Bech. subsp. aethiopicum KZN
ANEMIACEAE Anemia PTERIDOPHYTA

boltonii Hook. ex Brause & Hieron. preussii Hieron. ex Brause

Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–540 mm. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 130–260 mm.
Alt 660–1980 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Alt 1100–1650 m. LIM, KZN
christii Hieron. prionitis Kunze
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 180–240 mm. Alt ± 500 m. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht
KZN 300–520 mm. Alt 20–250 m. KZN, EC
cordatum (Thunb.) Sw. protensum Schrad.
Ceterach cordatum (Thunb.) Desv. (11)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 100–250 mm. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 380–650 mm.
Alt 30–2500 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, Alt 75–1750 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
L, NC, WC, EC rutifolium (P.J.Bergius) Kunze
dregeanum Kunze Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 120–450 mm.
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–390 mm. Alt 15–1760 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
Alt 24–800 m. KZN, EC sandersonii Hook.
erectum Bory ex Willd. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 50–120 mm.
A. erectum Bory ex Willd. var. usambarense (Hieron.) Schelpe (11) Alt 50–1500 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte, terrestrial. Ht 120– schelpei A.F.Braithw.
630 mm. Alt 50–1760 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 90–250 mm. Alt 600–
erectum Bory ex Willd. var. usambarense (Hieron.) Schelpe 760 m. LIM, M
= A. erectum
simii Braithw. & Schelpe
flexuosum Schrad. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 100–130 mm.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 300–600 mm. Alt 75– Alt 100–1900 mm. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
1296 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
splendens Kunze subsp. splendens
friesiorum C.Chr.
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–
300–400 mm. Alt 260–1520 m. LIM, M, S, KZN,
800 mm. Alt 300–1400 m. M, KZN
EC
gemmiferum Schrad.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–720 mm. splendens Kunze subsp. drakensbergense A.F.Braithw.
Alt 50–1200 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte, Ht 100–160 mm.
Alt 1520–2740 m. FS, KZN, L
hypomelas Kuhn
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 0.6–1.4 m. stoloniferum Bory
Alt ± 1300 m. LIM A. kraussii T.Moore (5)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 20–40 mm.
inaequilaterale Willd. Alt 200–1500 m. M, FS, KZN, L, EC
Alt 100–1500 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, EC theciferum (Kunth) Mett. var. concinnum (Schrad.)
kraussii T.Moore = A. stoloniferum Schelpe
Loxoscaphe theciferum (Kunth) T.Moore var. concinna C.Chr. (2)
lividum Mett. ex Kuhn Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 100–180 mm.
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 150–360 mm. Alt ± Alt 50–1500 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC,
1220 m. LIM, M EC
lobatum Pappe & Rawson trichomanes L. subsp. quadrivalens D.E.Mey. emended
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, terrestrial. Ht 300–350 mm. Lovis
Alt 500–1400 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 100–150 mm.
lunulatum Sw. Alt 250–2000 m. M, FS, KZN, L, EC
Alt 12–1760 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC unilaterale Lam.
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 150–280 mm. Alt ± 600
monanthes L. m. S
Alt 300–1951 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC varians Wall. ex Hook. & Grev. subsp. fimbriatum (Kunze)
Schelpe
multiforme Krasser
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 100–160 mm. Alt 790–
Alt 100–1450 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
1765 m. M, S, KZN, EC
obscurum Blume
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 200–300 mm. Alt ± 1200 m. CETERACH DC. 0201700
LIM
cordatum (Thunb.) Desv. = Asplenium cordatum
phillipsianum (Kümmerle) Bir, Fraser-Jenk. & Lovis
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 100–250
mm. Alt 100–1200 m. M, WC
LOXOSCAPHE T.Moore 0201500
platyneuron (L.) Britton, Sterns & Poggenb.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 100–240 mm. Alt 100– theciferum (Kunth) T.Moore var. concinna C.Chr. =
2600 m. M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Asplenium theciferum var. concinnum
PTERIDOPHYTA ASPLENIACEAE Asplenium

AZOLLACEAE
AZOLLA Lam. 0204400 *filiculoides Lam.

(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 12: 1. Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht up to 5 mm. Alt 30–
(2) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 69, 70. 1678 m. N, G, NC, WC, EC
492–495. pinnata R.Br. subsp. africana (Desv.) R.M.K.Saunders
(4) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 67, 68. & K.Fowler
(5) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 82, 83. A. pinnata R.Br. var. africana (Desv.) Baker (6)
(6) Saunders & Fowler. 1992. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht up to 5 mm. Alt 9–
Society 109: 329–357.
(7) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 17. 1030 m. N, B, KZN
(8) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 38.
(9) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report pinnata R.Br. var. africana (Desv.) Baker = A. pinnata
No. 13: 178, 179. subsp. africana
BLECHNACEAE
BLECHNUM L. 0200000 punctulatum Sw. var. intermedium Sim

(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA, 8: 1. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 300–450 mm. Alt 400–
(2) Schelpe. 1979. Journal of South African Botany 45: 221. 460 m. KZN, EC
(3) Roux. 1982. Journal of South African Botany 48: 451–453.
punctulatum Sw. var. krebsii (Kunze) Sim
459–471. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–600 mm.
(5) Anthony & Schelpe. 1985. Bothalia 15: 554, 555. Alt 100–1300 m. KZN, EC
(6) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 266–277.
(7) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 326–336.
punctulatum Sw. var. punctulatum
(8) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 17, 18. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–500 mm.
(9) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 39. Alt 100–2043 m. M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
No. 13: 153–156.
sylvaticum Schelpe = B. capense
attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. tabulare (Thunb.) Kuhn
B. attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. var. giganteum (Kaulf.) Bonap. (10) Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 396–1960
B. giganteum (Kaulf.) Schltdl. (10) m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 0.3–
1.2 m. Alt 100–1500 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS,
KZN, L, WC, EC
attenuatum (Sw.) Mett. var. giganteum (Kaulf.) Bonap.
*DOODIA R.Br. 0199900
(1) Parris. 1972. New Zealand Journal of Botany 10: 585–604.
= B. attenuatum (2) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 338.
australe L. (3) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
B. australe L. var. aberrans N.C.Anthony & Schelpe (10) No. 13: 152, 153.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–350 mm. caudata (Cav.) R.Br. in sense of Burrows (2)
Alt 30–2179 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC,
WC, EC squarrosa Colenso
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 140–450 mm. Alt 800–
australe L. var. aberrans N.C.Anthony & Schelpe = B. 1200 m. KZN
australe
capense Burm.f.
B. sylvaticum Schelpe (3)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 30–1730 m. STENOCHLAENA J.Sm. 0200400
LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 240–242.
giganteum (Kaulf.) Schltdl. = B. attenuatum (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 471–
473.
inflexum (Kunze) Kuhn (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 277, 278.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 200–500 mm. Alt 200– (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 336.
2179 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC (5) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
No. 13: 156.
punctulatum Sw. var. atherstonei (Pappe & Rawson)
Sim tenuifolia (Desv.) T.Moore
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 300–450 mm. Alt 671– Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1.82–9.14 m. Alt 5–650
1830 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC m. M, KZN, EC
AZOLLACEAE Azolla PTERIDOPHYTA

CYATHEACEAE
ALSOPHILA R.Br. 0151200 (9) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
No. 13: 85–88.
capensis (L.f.) J.Sm. = Cyathea capensis capensis (L.f.) Sm.
dregei (Kunze) R.M.Tryon = Cyathea dregei Alsophila capensis (L.f.) J.Sm. (2)
Hemitelia capensis (L.f.) Kaulf. (3)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.3–6.09 m. Alt 60–1500 m. LIM,
CYATHEA Sm. 0151300 M, S, KZN, WC, EC
(1) Schelpe.1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 70–75. dregei Kunze
(2) Tryon. 1970. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium 20: 3–53. Alsophila dregei (Kunze) R.M.Tryon (2)
(3) Holttum. 1981. Kew Bulletin 36: 463–482. Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.27–7.01 m. Alt 60–1700 m. LIM,
(4) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 198– NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
203.
(6) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 84–88. HEMITELIA R.Br. 0151400
(8) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 39. capensis (L.f.) Kaulf. = Cyathea capensis
DAVALLIACEAE
DAVALLIA Sm. 0177300 chaerophylloides (Poir.) Steud. = D. denticulata var.

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 167. denticulata
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 327, 328.
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 171, 172.
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 209, 210. denticulata (Burm.f.) Mett. ex Kuhn var. denticulata
(5) Nooteboom. 1994. Blumea 39: 151–214. D. chaerophylloides (Poir.) Steud. (1)
(7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–460
No. 13: 110. mm. Alt 20–1500 m. LIM, M, KZN, EC
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE
BLOTIELLA R.M.Tryon 0153300 (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 19, 20.
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 81–84.
(7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 204–206.
Report No. 13: 92.
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 100–103. incisa (Thunb.) J.Sm.
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 19. Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte, geophyte. Ht 1–1.5 m
(6) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 40. Alt 40–1675 m. M, KZN, WC
No. 13: 91, 92.
glabra (Bory) R.M.Tryon
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 30–1600 HYPOLEPIS Bernh. 0153200
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 92.
m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 211,
natalensis (Hook.) R.M.Tryon 212.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 50–1700 (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 87, 88.
m. KZN, WC, EC (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 106–108.
(7) Roux. 2001. Bothalia 31: 195.
HISTIOPTERIS (J.Agardh) J.Sm. 0153400 (8) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 84–86. No. 13: 90, 91.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 206,
207. sparsisora (Schrad.) Kuhn
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 82, 83. Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte, geophyte. Ht 0.8–1.82
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 103. m. Alt 5–1800 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
PTERIDOPHYTA CYATHEACEAE Alsophila

villoso-viscida (Thouars) Tardieu Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 50–1578

Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–600 m. N, B, LIM, NW, S, KZN
mm. Alt 250–1200 m. WC, EC
PTERIDIUM Gled. ex Scop. 0153000
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 88, 89.
MICROLEPIA C.Presl 0152900 (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 207–
210.
(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 3: 1. (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 83–85.
(2) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 89–92. (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 103–106.
(3) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 210, 211. (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 20.
(4) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 85–87. (6) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 40.
(5) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 106. (7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
(6) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 20. No. 13: 89, 90.
No. 13: 88, 89. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn subsp. aquilinum
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.4–1.8 m. Alt 15–1940
speluncae (L.) T.Moore m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
DRYOPTERIDACEAE
ARACHNIODES Blume 0190600 DIDYMOCHLAENA Desv. 0191100

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 228, 229. (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 220.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 450, (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 432,
451. 433.
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 259–261. (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 243.
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 318–320. (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 299, 300.
(5) Gibby et al. 1992. Botanica Helvetica 102: 229–245. (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 12.
(6) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 12. (6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network
(7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 13: 131.
Report No. 13: 127, 128. truncatula (Sw.) J.Sm.
foliosa (C.Chr.) Schelpe = A. webbiana subsp. foliosa Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 305–1730
webbiana (A.Braun) Schelpe subsp. foliosa (C.Chr.) m. LIM, S, KZN
Gibby, Rasbach, Reichst., Widén & Viane
A. foliosa (C.Chr.) Schelpe (5)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–400 DRYOPTERIS Adans. 0190500
mm. Alt 500–1760 m. LIM, M, KZN, EC (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 220–225.
433–442.
ASPIDIUM Sw. 0190510 (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 245–249.
inaequale Schltdl. = Dryopteris inaequalis (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 12.
luctuosum Kunze = Polystichum luctuosum (7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network
macleae Baker = Polystichum macleae Report No. 13: 123–127.
pungens Kaulf. = Polystichum pungens antarctica (Baker) C.Chr.
D. callolepis C.Chr. (7)
tsus-simense Hook. = Polystichum luctuosum
Alt 1300–2350 m. WC, EC
CYRTOMIUM C.Presl 0191600 athamantica (Kunze) Kuntze
(1) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 400–950
454–456. mm. Alt 250–1800 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
(2) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 251.
(3) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 325, 326. L, EC
(4) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 12. callolepis C.Chr. = D. antarctica
Report No. 13: 131. dracomontana Schelpe & N.C.Anthony
D. esterhuyseniae Schelpe & N.C.Anthony (7)
caryotideum (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) C.Presl var. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–300 mm.
micropterum (Kunze) C.Chr. = C. micropterum Alt 2000–2955 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
micropterum (Kunze) Ching esterhuyseniae Schelpe & N.C.Anthony = D. dracomon-
C. caryotideum (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) C.Presl var. micropterum
(Kunze) C.Chr. (2)
tana
Phanerophlebia caryotidea (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Copel. var. inaequalis (Schltdl.) Kuntze
micropteris (Kunze) Tardieu (1) Aspidium inaequale Schltdl. (6)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 250–400 mm. Alt 250– Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 200–350 mm. Alt 200–
1830 m. M, KZN, L, EC 1200 m. KZN, WC, EC
DENNSTAEDTIACEAE Hypolepis PTERIDOPHYTA

lewalleana Pic.Serm. lucidum in sense of Schelpe, not of (Burm.f.) Bech.,

Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–900 mm. misapplied name = P. pungens
Alt 200–1800 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
luctuosum (Kunze) T.Moore
pentheri (Krasser) C.Chr. Aspidium luctuosum Kunze (1)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–900 mm. Aspidium tsus-simense Hook. (7)
P. lobatum (Huds.) Bastard var. luctuosum (Kunze) H.Christ (7)
Alt 250–1800 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC P. tsus-simense (Hook.) J.Sm. (7)
pungens (Kaulf.) Kuntze = Polystichum pungens Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–450 mm.
squamiseta (Hook.) Kuntze = Nothoperanema squami- Alt 670–1740 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
seta macleae (Baker) Diels
Aspidium macleae Baker (3)
NOTHOPERANEMA (Tagawa) 0190400 Alt 1350–1960 m. LIM, M, S
Ching monticola N.C.Anthony & Schelpe
(1) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–500 mm.
No. 13: 123. Alt 600–2740 m. FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
squamiseta (Hook.) Ching pungens (Kaulf.) C.Presl
Dryopteris squamiseta (Hook.) Kuntze (1) Aspidium pungens Kaulf. (3)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 200–950 mm. Alt 250– Dryopteris pungens (Kaulf.) Kuntze (3)
1850 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC P. lucidum in sense of Schelpe, not of (Burm.f.) Bech., misapplied
name (3)
2150 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
PHANEROPHLEBIA C.Presl 0191000
× saltum J.P.Roux
caryotidea (Wall. ex Hook. & Grev.) Copel. var. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–500 mm.
micropteris (Kunze) Tardieu = Cyrtomium Alt 1500–1700 m. KZN
micropterum
setiferum (Forssk.) T.Moore ex Woyn. var. fusco-
paleaceum (Alston) Schelpe = P. wilsonii
POLYSTICHUM Roth 0190900 transkeiense W.Jacobsen
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 226–228. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–600 mm.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 442– Alt 60–1525 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
450.
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 251–259. transvaalense N.C.Anthony
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 309–318. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 400–750 mm.
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 12, 13. Alt 365–1840 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
(7) Roux. 2000. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum, London tsus-simense (Hook.) J.Sm. = P. luctuosum
(Botany) 30: 33–79.
(8) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report wilsonii H.Christ
No. 13: 128–130. P. aculeatum (L.) Roth var. mildbraedii Brause (7)
P. aculeatum (L.) Roth var. rubescens Bonap. (7)
aculeatum (L.) Roth var. mildbraedii Brause = P. P. aculeatum (L.) Roth var. stenophyllon Bonap. (7)
wilsonii P. alticola Schelpe & N.C.Anthony (7)
P. fuscopaleaceum Alston (7)
aculeatum (L.) Roth var. rubescens Bonap. = P. wilsonii P. fuscopaleaceum Alston var. ruwensoriense (Pirotta) Pic.Serm. (7)
P. lobatum (Huds.) Bastard var. ruwensoriense Pirotta (7)
aculeatum (L.) Roth var. stenophyllon Bonap. = P. P. setiferum (Forssk.) T.Moore ex Woyn. var. fuscopaleaceum (Alston)
wilsonii Schelpe (7)
adiantiforme (G.Forst.) J.Sm. = Rumohra adiantifor- Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–800 mm.
mis Alt 300–2000 m. M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
alticola Schelpe & N.C.Anthony = P. wilsonii
dracomontanum Schelpe & N.C.Anthony
2745 m. FS, KZN, L RUMOHRA Raddi 0190000
fuscopaleaceum Alston = P. wilsonii 458.
fuscopaleaceum Alston var. ruwensoriense (Pirotta) (2) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 261–263.
Pic.Serm. = P. wilsonii (3) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 320.
incongruum J.P.Roux (5) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 41.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 300–950 mm. Alt 100– (6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
1350 m. WC, EC No. 13: 123.
lobatum (Huds.) Bastard var. luctuosum (Kunze) H.Christ adiantiformis (G.Forst.) Ching
= P. luctuosum Polystichum adiantiforme (G.Forst.) J.Sm. (2)
lobatum (Huds.) Bastard var. ruwensoriense Pirotta = P. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte, epiphyte. Ht 0.3–
wilsonii 1.2 m. Alt 15–1830 m. NP, M, KZN, WC, EC
PTERIDOPHYTA DRYOPTERIDACEAE Dryopteris

EQUISETACEAE
EQUISETUM L. 0111100 (7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network
Report No. 13: 17, 18.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 158, capense Burm.f. = Elegia capensis
159. ramosissimum Desf.
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 37, 38. Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.5–1.52 m. Alt 10–
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 20. 2105 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L,
(6) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 41. NC, WC, EC
GLEICHENIACEAE
DICRANOPTERIS Bernh. 0118800 (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa:
182–184.
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 54, 55.
Report No. 13: 37–39.
No. 13: 39, 40.
linearis (Burm.f.) Underw. polypodioides (L.) Sm.
Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 380–2000 Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht 0.3–9.14 m. Alt 90–
m. LIM, M, S, KZN 1500 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC,
EC
umbraculifera (Kunze) T.Moore
GLEICHENIA Sm. 0118700 Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 605–2179
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 48–50. m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
GRAMMITIDACEAE
GRAMMITIS Sw. 0173000 MELPOMENE A.R.Sm. & 0171500

(1) Pichi Sermolli & Bizzarri. 1978. Webbia 32: 455–534. R.C.Moran
(1) Smith & Moran. 1992. Novon 2: 426–432.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 296– (2) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
298. No. 13: 107.
flabelliformis (Poir.) A.R.Sm. & R.C.Moran
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 183–188. Grammitis rigescens (Bory ex Willd.) Lellinger (6)
(5) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 41. Xiphopteris flabelliformis (Poir.) Schelpe (6)
(6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Xiphopteris rigescens (Bory ex Willd.) Alston (6)
No. 13: 107, 108. Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 20–60 mm. Alt 1900–
2745 m. KZN
poeppigiana (Mett.) Pic.Serm.
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 5–15 mm. Alt 1600– XIPHOPTERIS Kaulf. 0171200
1800 m. WC flabelliformis (Poir.) Schelpe = Melpomene flabelli-
formis
rigescens (Bory ex Willd.) Lellinger = Melpomene fla- rigescens (Bory ex Willd.) Alston = Melpomene flabel-
belliformis liformis
EQUISETACEAE Equisetum PTERIDOPHYTA

HYMENOPHYLLACEAE
CEPHALOMANES C.Presl 0124800 tunbridgense (L.) Sm.

(1) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 30–100 mm.
No. 13: 48. Alt 155–1500 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
rigidum (Sw.) K.Iwats.
Trichomanes rigidum Sw. (1)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 100–180 mm. SPHAEROCIONIUM C.Presl 0124200
Alt 50–1400 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC (1) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 42.
CREPIDOMANES (C.Presl) 0124400 No. 13: 43, 44.
C.Presl aeruginosum (Poir.) Pic.Serm.
(1) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Hymenophyllum marlothii Brause (2)
No. 13: 44–46. Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 30–80 mm. Alt 200–
borbonicum (Bosch) J.P.Roux 1700 m. WC, EC
Trichomanes borbonicum Bosch (1) capillare (Desv.) Copel.
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 50–100 mm. Hymenophyllum capillare Desv. (2)
Alt 800–1200 m. M, S Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 40–150 mm.
inopinatum (Pic.Serm.) J.P.Roux Alt 1200–1500 m. M
Trichomanes inopinatum (Pic.Serm.) J.E.Burrows (1)
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 10–75 mm.
Alt 350–800 m. M, S, KZN TRICHOMANES L. 0124600
melanotrichum (Schltdl.) J.P.Roux (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 75–78.
Trichomanes melanotrichum Schltdl. (1) (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 186–
Trichomanes pyxidiferum L. var. melanotrichum (Schltdl.) Schelpe 191.
(1) (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 71–76.
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 10–75 mm. (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 89–94.
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 21, 22.
Alt 50–1760 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC (6) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 42.
HYMENOPHYLLUM Sm. 0124000 No. 13: 46–48.
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 78–81. borbonicum Bosch = Crepidomanes borbonicum
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 191–
197. erosum Willd. var. aerugineum (Bosch) C.Chr. ex
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 76–79. Bonap.
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 94–100. Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 10–20 mm. Alt 50–200
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 21. m. KZN
(7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report inopinatum (Pic.Serm.) J.E.Burrows = Crepidomanes
No. 13: 40–43. inopinatum
capense Schrad. melanotrichum Schltdl. = Crepidomanes melan-
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 20–40 mm. otrichum
Alt 250–1500 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC pyxidiferum L. var. melanotrichum (Schltdl.) Schelpe =
capillare Desv. = Sphaerocionium capillare Crepidomanes melanotrichum
marlothii Brause = Sphaerocionium aeruginosum reptans Sw.
peltatum (Poir.) Desv. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte. Ht 20–30 mm. Alt 24–1525
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 30–120 mm. m. LIM, M, KZN, EC
Alt 500–1981 m. KZN, WC, EC rigidum Sw. = Cephalomanes rigidum
ISOETACEAE
ISOETES L. 0114100 (7) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 42.
(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 1: 1.
Report No. 13: 28–30.
151–157.
aequinoctialis Welw. ex A.Braun
I. erongoensis Wanntorp (4)
(5) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 30–37. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 40–350
(6) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 22. mm. Alt 1225–1350 m. N, NC
PTERIDOPHYTA HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Cephalomanes

alstonii C.F.Reed & Verdc. = I. schweinfurthii stellenbossiensis A.V.Duthie

capensis A.V.Duthie Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 30–80 mm.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 30–80 mm. Alt 50–150 m. WC, NC
Alt 50–150 m. WC stephanseniae A.V.Duthie
capensis A.V.Duthie var. stephanseniae (A.V.Duthie) I. capensis A.V.Duthie var. stephanseniae (A.V.Duthie) Schelpe &
Schelpe & N.C.Anthony = I. stephanseniae N.C.Anthony (4)
erongoensis Wanntorp = I. aequinoctialis Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 40–150 mm.
Alt 200–300 m. WC
giessii Launert
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 140–250 mm. transvaalensis Jermy & Schelpe
Alt 1000–1300 m. N Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 30–150 mm.
kersii Wanntorp = I. schweinfurthii Alt 1600–2600 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, L
natalensis Baker = I. welwitschii welwitschii A.Braun ex Kuhn
rhodesiana Alston = I. schweinfurthii I. natalensis Baker (3)
schweinfurthii A.Braun Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 30–75 mm.
I. alstonii C.F.Reed & Verdc. (4) Alt 1400–1590 m. M, KZN
I. kersii Wanntorp (4)
I. rhodesiana Alston (4) wormaldii Sim
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 150–300 mm. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 150–500 mm.
Alt 1300–1500 m. N, LIM Alt 50–800 m. EC
LINDSAEACEAE
LINDSAEA Dryand. ex Sm. 0153900 (5) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
No. 13: 95.
296. ensifolia Sw.
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 151. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 200–350
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 182, 183. mm. Alt 20–50 m. KZN
LOMARIOPSIDACEAE
ACROSTICHUM L. 0141500 (2) Roux. 1982. Journal of South African Botany 48: 481–526.
viscosum Sw. var. rupestre (Sim) Sim in part = Elapho- 426.
glossum conforme (4) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 230–239.
BOLBITIS Schott 0198500 (8) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 218. No. 13: 147–152.
429. acrostichoides (Hook. & Grev.) Schelpe
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 239, 240. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 294–296. 100–300 mm. Alt 185–2179 m. LIM, M, S, FS,
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 22. KZN, L, WC, EC
No. 13: 146, 147. angustatum (Schrad.) Hieron.
heudelotii (Bory ex Fée) Alston Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 200–500 mm. Alt 125–
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–400 mm. 700 m. KZN, WC, EC
Alt 900–1600 m. LIM aubertii (Desv.) T.Moore
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht
200–300 mm. Alt 1000–1560 m. LIM, M, KZN
ELAPHOGLOSSUM Schott 0198600 conforme (Sw.) J.Sm.
ex J.Sm. Acrostichum viscosum Sw. var. rupestre Sim in part (2)
(1) Schelpe.1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 209–216. E. petiolatum (Sw.) Urb. var. rupestre (Sim) Sim (2)
ISOETACEAE Isoetes PTERIDOPHYTA

Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 200–300 mm. Alt 607– macropodium (Fée) T.Moore
915 m. WC Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 250–
drakensbergense Schelpe 400 mm. Alt 100–1400 m. LIM, M, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–200 mm. petiolatum (Sw.) Urb. var. rupestre (Sim) Sim = E. con-
Alt 1700–2125 m. FS, KZN forme
hybridum (Bory) Brack. spathulatum (Bory) T.Moore
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–350 mm. Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 20–40 mm. Alt 920–
Alt 915–2179 m. LIM, M, KZN, EC 1500 m. M, FS, KZN
LYCOPODIACEAE
HUPERZIA Bernh. 0112000 sarcocaulon (A.Braun & Welw. ex Kuhn) Pic.Serm.

(1) Øllgaard. 1989. Biologiske Skrifter 34: 8–23. Lycopodium carolinianum L. var. grandifolium Spring (1)
(2) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 43. Lycopodium sarcocaulon A.Braun & Welw. ex Kuhn (1)
(3) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 100–250 mm. Alt 100–
No. 13: 18–21. 1200 m. M, S, KZN
dacrydioides (Baker) Pic.Serm. LYCOPODIUM L. 0112200
Lycopodium dacrydioides Baker (1)
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 600–900 mm. (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 132–142.
Alt 250–1800 m. LIM, M, KZN (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 5–13.
gnidioides (L.f.) Trevis. (4) Øllgaard. 1989. Biologiske Skrifter 34: 26–78.
Lycopodium gnidioides L.f. (1) (5) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 10–20.
Lycopodium gnidioides L.f. var. pinifolium (Kaulf.) Pappe & Raws. (2) (6) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 23.
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–500 mm. (7) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 43.
Alt 100–1200 mm. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC No. 13: 21, 22.
ophioglossoides (Lam.) Rothm. carolinianum L. var. carolinianum = Lycopodiella caroliniana
Lycopodium ophioglossoides Lam. (1)
carolinianum L. var. grandifolium Spring = Lycopodiella
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–400 mm.
sarcocaulon
Alt 1200–1400 m. LIM, M
cernuum L. = Lycopodiella cernua
saururus (Lam.) Trevis.
Lycopodium saururus Lam. (1) clavatum L.
L. clavatum L. var. inflexum (P.Beauv.) Spring (3)
Alt 700–2800 m. M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
Alt 275–2300 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
verticillata (L.f.) Trevis. clavatum L. var. inflexum (P.Beauv.) Spring = L. clavatum
Lycopodium verticillatum L.f. (1)
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 250–450 mm. complanatum L. subsp. zanclophyllum (J.H.Wilce) Schelpe
Alt 300–1500 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, EC = L. zanclophyllum
dacrydioides Baker = Huperzia dacrydioides
LYCOPODIELLA Holub 0112300 gnidioides L.f. = Huperzia gnidioides
(1) Øllgaard. 1989. Biologiske Skrifter 34: 25, 26. gnidioides L.f. var. pinifolium (Kaulf.) Pappe & Raws. =
(2) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 43. Huperzia gnidioides
No. 13: 22, 23. ophioglossoides Lam. = Huperzia ophioglossoides
caroliniana (L.) Pic.Serm. sarcocaulon A.Br. & Welw. ex Kuhn = Lycopodiella sarco-
Lycopodium carolinianum L. var. carolinianum (1) caulon
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 100–250 mm. Alt 300– saururus Lam. = Huperzia saururus
1600 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC verticillatum L.f. = Huperzia verticillata
cernua (L.) Pic.Serm. zanclophyllum J.H.Wilce
Lycopodium cernuum L. (1) L. complanatum L. subsp. zanclophyllum (J.H.Wilce) Schelpe (8)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 200–400 mm. Alt 50– Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–300 mm.
1600 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Alt 400–2000 m. WC, EC
LYGODIACEAE
LYGODIUM Sw. 0127500 (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 55, 56.
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 57–59. (5) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 179–181. No. 13: 50.
PTERIDOPHYTA LOMARIOPSIDACEAE Elaphoglossum

*japonicum (Thunb.) Sw. microphyllum (Cav.) R.Br.

Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 5–20 m. EC Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 10–50 m.
KZN
MARATTIACEAE
MARATTIA Sw. 0116600 No. 13: 35.

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 38–40. fraxinea Sm.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 167, 168. M. fraxinea Sm. var. salicifolia (Schrad.) C.Chr. (7)
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 37. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 0.3–4 m. Alt
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 49. 15–1300 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
(6) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 43. fraxinea Sm. var. salicifolia (Schrad.) C.Chr. = M. frax-
(7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report inea
MARSILEACEAE
MARSILEA L. 0203100 Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 80–250 mm. Alt 250–

(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 11: 1. 960 m. N, B, G, M, KZN
(2) Launert. 1970. In Schelpe, FZ Pteridophyta: 59–67. fenestrata Launert
489.
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 80–250 mm. Alt 100–
(4) Launert. 1984. Garcia de Orta, Sér. Botânica 6: 119–140. 1100 m. S, KZN
(5) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 57–65. macrocarpa C.Presl
(6) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 66–79. Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 80–350 mm. Alt 155–
(8) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 44. 1830 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, L, EC
(9) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report minuta L. var. minuta
No. 13: 173–177. Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 80–350 mm. Alt 150–
300 m. S, KZN
aegyptiaca Willd.
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 80–300 mm. Alt 600– nubica A.Braun var. gymnocarpa (Lepr. ex A.Braun)
1500 m. N, B, M, NC Launert
apposita Launert
1200 m. N, B
800 m. M nubica A.Braun var. nubica
burchellii (Kunze) A.Braun
1000 m. N
1500 m. N, B, LIM, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC schelpeana Launert
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 80–300 mm. Alt 5–215
capensis A.Braun
m. WC, EC
1515 m. LIM, NW, G, FS, NC, WC, EC unicornis Launert
coromandelina Willd.
1200 m. N
1400 m. N, B, LIM vera Launert
distorta A.Braun
1000 m. N, B
1100 m. N, B villifolia Bremek. & Oberm. ex Alston & Schelpe
ephippiocarpa Alston
1250 m. N, B, LIM, NW
1400 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN
farinosa Launert subsp. arrecta J.E.Burrows PILULARIA L. 0203300
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 80–250 mm. Alt 800– Roux. 2002. Bothalia 32: 82, 83.
900 m. B, LIM, NW americana A.Braun
farinosa Launert subsp. farinosa Annual. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 10–20 mm. Alt ± 600 m. NC
LYGODIACEAE Lygodium PTERIDOPHYTA

NEPHROLEPIDACEAE
NEPHROLEPIS Schott 0178400 biserrata (Sw.) Schott

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 159–162. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 15–640 m.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 321– 323. M, KZN
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 19. *exaltata (L.) Schott
(7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 0.4–
No. 13: 110–113. 1.2 m. Alt 20–650 m. S, KZN, WC
OLEANDRACEAE
ARTHROPTERIS J.Sm. 0196900 OLEANDRA Cav. 0196800

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 162–165. (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 165, 166.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 324, (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 326,
325. 327.
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 170. (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 170, 171.
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 207. (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 208, 209.
(5) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 19.
No. 13: 143. (6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
No. 13: 142, 143.
monocarpa (Cordem.) C.Chr. distenta Kunze
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 200–300 mm. Alt 100– Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 200–300 mm. Alt 30–
1300 m. M, S, KZN 1400 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
OPHIOGLOSSUM L. 0115200 gomezianum Welw. ex A.Braun

(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 2: 1. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 35–60 mm. Alt 470–
(2) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 34–38. 1500 m. LIM, M
160– 166. gracile Pocock ex J.E.Burrows
(4) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 31–35. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 75–110 mm. Alt 750–
(5) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 39–48. 1000 m. WC
(6) Burrows & Edwards. 1993. Bothalia 23: 185–190.
(7) Burrows & Edwards. 1995. Bothalia 25: 61–63. gracillimum Welw. ex Hook. & Baker
(8) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 25. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 30–45 mm. Alt 1000–
(9) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 44. 1300 m. LIM
No. 13: 31–35. lancifolium C.Presl
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 55–90 mm. Alt 500– 1400
bergianum Schltdl. m. N, B
700 m. NC, WC lusoafricanum Welw. ex Prantl
caroticaule J.E.Burrows Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 47–100 mm. Alt 500–
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 40–60 mm. Alt 1200– 1900 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
1500 m. LIM, M nudicaule L.f.
convexum J.E.Burrows Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 15–40 mm. Alt 183–700 m.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 1500– NC, WC, EC
1875 m. M polyphyllum A.Braun
costatum R.Br. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 55–85 mm. Alt 50–
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 140–175 mm. Alt 450– 2000 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L,
1450 m. B, M NC, WC, EC
PTERIDOPHYTA NEPHROLEPIDACEAE Nephrolepis

reticulatum L. subsp. reticulatum Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 85–165 mm. Alt 50–
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 100–200 mm. Alt 50– 1950 m. LIM, NW, M, FS, KZN, EC
1700 m. N, LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC vulgatum L. subsp. kilimandscharicum (Hieron.)
J.E.Burrows
rubellum Welw. ex A.Braun O. vulgatum L. var. kilimandscharicum Hieron. (6)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 15–70 mm. Alt 1000– Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 85–165 mm. Alt 1500–
1200 m. M 1900 m. M, KZN
vulgatum L. subsp. africanum Pocock ex J.E.Burrows vulgatum L. var. kilimandscharicum Hieron. = O. vul-
var. africanum gatum subsp. kilimandscharicum
OSMUNDACEAE
OSMUNDA L. 0117600 thurifraga Comm. ex Bory, naked name = Mohria mar-

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 44–46. ginalis
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 169, thurifraga Comm. ex Savigny, naked name = Mohria
170.
marginalis
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 49, 50. transvaalensis Bobrov = O. regalis
No. 13: 36. TODEA Willd. ex Bernh. 0117700
crenata Desv. = Mohria marginalis (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 46.
marginalis Savigny = Mohria marginalis 171.
regalis L. (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 45.
O. schelpei Bobrov (3) (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 50, 51.
O. transvaalensis Bobrov (3) (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 26.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 0.2–1.52 m. (7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
Alt 10–2000 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, No. 13: 36, 37.
WC, EC barbara (L.) T.Moore
schelpei Bobrov = O. regalis Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.45–3 m. Alt 0–1600 m.
thurifera Sw. = Mohria caffrorum LIM, M, S, KZN, NC, WC, EC
PARKERIACEAE
CERATOPTERIS Brongn. 0129000 No. 13: 55.

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 102–105. cornuta (P.Beauv.) Lepr. = C. thalictroides
218.
thalictroides (L.) Brongn.
cornuta (P.Beauv.) Lepr. (5)
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 112–114. Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 250–350 mm. Alt 20–
(5) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report 600 m. N, B, S, KZN
POLYPODIACEAE
LEPISORUS (J.Sm.) Ching 0160100 Pleopeltis schraderi (Mett.) Tardieu (1)

(1) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 130–340 mm.
No. 13: 100. Alt 50–1800 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC,
excavatus (Bory ex Willd.) Ching EC
Pleopeltis excavata (Bory ex Willd.) Sledge (1)
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–350 mm. LOXOGRAMME (Blume) C.Presl 0167600
Alt 700–1980 m. LIM, M (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 149–151.
schraderi (Mett.) Ching (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 306, 307.
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE Ophioglossum PTERIDOPHYTA

(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 156. PLEOPELTIS Humb. & Bonpl. 0164900
(4)
(5)
Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 187, 188.
Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 26.
ex Willd.
(6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 151–153.
No. 13: 105, 106. (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 307–310.
abyssinica (Baker) M.G.Price (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 195–198.
L. lanceolata (Sw.) C.Presl, of author (6) (5) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 45.
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 60–150 mm. (6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
Alt 75–1940 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC No. 13: 103–105.
lanceolata (Sw.) C.Presl, of author = L. abyssinica. excavata (Bory ex Willd.) Sledge = Lepisorus excavatus
macrocarpa (Bory ex Willd.) Kaulf.
MICROGRAMMA C.Presl 0164600 Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 60–200 mm.
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 155, 156. Alt 50–1900 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 311, 312. macrocarpa (Bory ex Willd.) Kaulf. forma sinuata (Sim)
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 162. Schelpe = × Pleopodium simianum
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 26. schraderi (Mett.) Tardieu = Lepisorus schraderi
No. 13: 103. × PLEOPODIUM Schelpe 0167000
lycopodioides (L.) Copel., of author = M. mauritiana & N.C.Anthony
mauritiana (Willd.) Tardieu (1) Anthony & Schelpe. 1985. Bothalia 15: 555–559.
M. lycopodioides (L.) Copel., of author (6) (2) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 159.
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 60–160 mm. (4) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 45.
Alt 10–650 m. M, S, KZN (5) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
No. 13: 105.
MICROSORUM Link 0161600 simianum Schelpe & N.C.Anthony
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 156–158. Pleopeltis macrocarpa (Bory ex Willd.) Kaulf. forma sinuata (Sim)
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 312–316. Schelpe (1)
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 162–167. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 100–150 mm.
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 199–202. Alt 50–1800 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
(5) Bosman. 1991. Leiden Botanical Series 14: 1–161.
(7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report POLYPODIUM L. 0163700
No. 13: 100–102. (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 158, 159.
(2) Pichi Sermolli. 1973. Webbia 28: 445–477.
ensiforme (Thunb.) Schelpe = Polypodium ensiforme (3) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 317– 319.
pappei (Mett. ex Kuhn) Ching (4) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 156–158.
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–760 mm. (5) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 193, 194.
Alt 500–1100 m. KZN (6) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 27.
(7) Roux. 1999. Bothalia 29: 103–107.
punctatum (L.) Copel. (8) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 45.
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 500–900 mm. (9) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
Alt 5–185 m. KZN, EC No. 13: 102, 103.
*scandens (G.Forst.) Tindale *aureum L.
Phymatosorus scandens (G.Forst.) Pic.Serm. (5) Phlebodium aureum (L.) J.Sm. (8)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–300 mm. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 0.6–1
Alt 200–300 m. WC m. Alt 50–400 m. KZN
scolopendria (Burm.f.) Copel. caffrorum L. = Mohria caffrorum
Phymatodes scolopendria (Burm.f.) Ching (1) ensiforme Thunb. (5)
Phymatosorus scolopendria (Burm.f.) Pic.Serm. (5) Microsorum ensiforme (Thunb.) Schelpe (1)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–400 mm. Phymatodes ensiformis (Thunb.) Schelpe (3)
Alt 20–1000 m. M, KZN, EC Phymatosorus ensiformis (Thunb.) Pic.Serm. (2)
polypodioides (L.) Hitchc. subsp. ecklonii (Kunze) Schelpe
PHLEBODIUM (R.Br.) J.Sm. 0164300 Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 25–200 mm.
*aureum (L.) J.Sm. = Polypodium aureum Alt 200–1700 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
vulgare L.
PHYMATODES C.Presl 0164000 Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 80–200 mm.
Alt 915–2428 m. M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
ensiformis (Thunb.) Schelpe = Polypodium ensiforme
scolopendria (Burm.f.) Ching = Microsorum scolopen- PYRROSIA Mirb. 0155200
dria (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 146–149.
PHYMATOSORUS Pic.Serm. 0162500 306.
ensiformis (Thunb.) Pic.Serm. = Polypodium ensiforme (4) Hovenkamp. 1986. Leiden Botanical Series 9: 1–130.
scandens (G.Forst.) Pic.Serm. = Microsorum scandens (5) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 189–192.
scolopendria (Burm.f.) Pic.Serm. = Microsorum scolo- (7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
pendria No. 13: 97, 98.
PTERIDOPHYTA POLYPODIACEAE Loxogramme

africana (Kunze) F.Ballard schimperiana (Mett. ex Kuhn) Alston var. schimperiana

Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 75–350 mm. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–300 mm.
Alt 25–700 m. KZN, EC Alt 1400–1650 m. M
PSILOTACEAE
PSILOTUM Sw. 0110100 (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 27.
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyte: 15. No. 13: 116, 117.
131. nudum (L.) P.Beauv.
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 1–3. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–300 mm.
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 10. Alt 20–1500 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
PTERIDACEAE
ACROSTICHUM L. 0141500 aethiopicum L.

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 98, 99. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 100–200 mm. Alt 30–
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 218– 335 m. WC, EC
220.
capillus-veneris L.
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 114. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–250 mm.
(5) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Alt 20–2000 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
No. 13: 81, 82. L, NC, WC, EC
aureum L. hispidulum Sw.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 200–300 mm. Alt 250–
0–20 m. KZN 620 m. LIM, KZN, WC
viscosum Sw. var. rupestre Sim in part = Elaphoglos- incisum Forssk.
sum conforme Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 150–200 mm. Alt 610–
1310 m. N, B, LIM, M
ACTINIOPTERIS Link 0133100 poiretii Wikstr.
(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 4: 1.
(3) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 290– 293. Alt 100–1600 m. N, LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
(4) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 148, 149. WC, EC
*raddianum C.Presl
(7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 250–350 mm. Alt 100–
No. 13: 58, 59. 1650 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
dimorpha Pic.Serm.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–190 mm. ANOGRAMMA Link 0132200
(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 5: 1.
Alt 640–1435 m. LIM, M (2) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 99–102.
radiata (J.König ex Sw.) Link (3) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 220, 221.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–190 mm. (4) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 93–95.
Alt 200–1600 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, NC (5) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 114, 115.
semiflabellata Pic.Serm. (7) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 46.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 140–180 mm. (8) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
Alt 800–1200 m. N No. 13: 57, 58.
leptophylla (L.) Link
ADIANTUM L. 0138500 Annual. Herb, geophyte. Ht 10–25 mm. Alt 250–1700
(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 6: 1. m. NW, FS, KZN, WC
233.
CHEILANTHES Sw. 0136000
(4) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 99–105. (1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 7: 1–5.
(5) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 118–126. (2) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 122–128.
(6) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 8. (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1982. Contributions from the Bolus Herba-
(7) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 46. rium 10: 143–161.
(8) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report (4) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 246– 268.
No. 13: 73–77. (5) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 111–140.
POLYPODIACEAE Pyrrosia PTERIDOPHYTA

(6) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 127–155. Alt 100–1200 m. LIM, M, KZN, EC
(7) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 8–10.
(8) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 46, 47. inaequalis (Kunze) Mett. var. inaequalis
(9) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Notholaena inaequalis Kunze (1)
No. 13: 59–67. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 80–160 mm.
bergiana Schltdl. Alt 100–1400 m. N, B, LIM, M, KZN
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 150–450 mm. Alt 5– induta Kunze
1525 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–270 mm.
botswanae Schelpe & N.C.Anthony Alt 100–1500 m. NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 90–200 mm. involuta (Sw.) Schelpe & N.C.Anthony var. involuta
Alt 1200–1400 m. B, LIM Pellaea viridis (Forssk.) Prantl var. involuta (Sw.) Schelpe (3)
capensis (Thunb.) Sw. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–300 mm.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–260 mm. Alt 330–1830 m. M, G, WC, EC
Alt 100–1578 m. N, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC involuta (Sw.) Schelpe & N.C.Anthony var. obscura
concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) R.M.Tryon & A.F.Tryon = (N.C.Anthony) N.C.Anthony
C. viridis (Forssk.) Sw. var. obscura N.C.Anthony (5)
Doryopteris concolor
contracta (Kunze) Mett. ex Kuhn Alt 365–1900 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS,
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–300 mm. KZN, L, EC
Alt 100–1525 m. M, NC, WC, EC
kunzei Mett.
deltoidea Kunze Pellaea hastata (L.f.) Link var. minor (Kunze) Schelpe (5)
1340 m. N, LIM, NC, WC Alt 600–1000 m. N, NC
depauperata Baker marlothii (Hieron.) Schelpe
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 80–260 mm. Notholaena marlothii Hieron. (4)
Alt 1100–1465 m. NC, WC Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 180–260 mm.
dinteri Brause Alt 1700–2000 m. N, LIM, NW
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 80–180 mm. multifida (Sw.) Sw.
Alt 500–1850 m. N C. multifida (Sw.) Sw. subsp. lacerata N.C.Anthony & Schelpe (9)
dolomiticola (Schelpe) Schelpe & N.C.Anthony Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 100–300 mm.
Pellaea dolomiticola Schelpe (2) Alt 50–2000 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 80–120 mm. Alt 700– L, NC, WC, EC
1695 m. LIM, NW, G, NC multifida (Sw.) Sw. subsp. lacerata N.C.Anthony &
eckloniana (Kunze) Mett. Schelpe = C. multifida
Notholaena eckloniana Kunze (2) namaquensis (Baker) Schelpe & N.C.Anthony
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 250–300 mm. Pellaea namaquensis Baker (3)
Alt 100–1900 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 80–110 mm.
KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Alt 273–789 m. N, NC, WC
fusca Blume = Mohria caffrorum nielsii Jacobsen
hastata (L.f.) Kunze Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 75–140 mm. Alt 700–
Pellaea hastata (L.f.) Link var. hastata (4) 1100 m. N, LIM
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–250 mm. parviloba (Sw.) Sw.
Alt 30–1700 m. N, NC, WC Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 250–350 mm.
hirta Sw. Alt 120–2338 m. N, LIM, FS, L, WC, EC
C. hirta Sw. var. brevipilosa W.Jacobsen & N.Jacobsen (9)
C. hirta Sw. var. hyaloglandulosa (W.Jacobsen & N.Jacobsen)
pentagona Schelpe & N.C.Anthony
J.E.Burrows (9) Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 100–200 mm. Alt 800–
C. hirta Sw. var. inferacampestris W.Jacobsen & N.Jacobsen (9) 1900 m. N, LIM, G
C. hirta Sw. var. nemerosa W.Jacobsen & N.Jacobsen (9)
C. hyaloglandulosa W.Jacobsen & N.Jacobsen (9)
quadripinnata (Forssk.) Kuhn
Pellaea quadripinnata (Forssk.) Prantl (4)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–350 mm. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–350 mm.
Alt 15–1900 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, Alt 200–2100 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L,
KZN, L, NC, WC, EC WC, EC
hirta Sw. var. brevipilosa W.Jacobsen & N.Jacobsen =
C. hirta rawsonii (Pappe) Mett. ex Kuhn
Notholaena rawsonii Pappe (4)
hirta Sw. var. hyaloglandulosa (W.Jacobsen & N.Jacob- Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 150–250 mm. Alt 400–
sen) J.E.Burrows = C. hirta 1700 m. N, NC
hirta Sw. var. inferacampestris W.Jacobsen & N.Jacob-
robusta (Kunze) R.M.Tryon
sen = C. hirta Pellaea robusta (Kuntze) Hook. (4)
hirta Sw. var. nemerosa W.Jacobsen & N.Jacobsen = C. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 20–160 mm. Alt 50–
hirta 1200 m. N, NC, WC
hyaloglandulosa W.Jacobsen & N.Jacobsen = C. hirta viridis (Forssk.) Sw. var. glauca (Sim) Schelpe &
inaequalis (Kunze) Mett. var. buchananii (Baker) Schelpe N.C.Anthony
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 80–150 mm. Pellaea viridis (Forssk.) Prantl var. glauca (Sim) Sim (3)
PTERIDOPHYTA PTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes

Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–350 mm. hastata (L.f.) Link var. hastata = Cheilanthes hastata
Alt 15–1950 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, hastata (L.f.) Link var. minor (Kunze) Schelpe = Chei-
WC, EC lanthes kunzei
viridis (Forssk.) Sw. var. macrophylla (Kunze) Schelpe leucomelas (Mett. ex Kuhn) Baker
& N.C.Anthony P. calomelanus (Sw.) Link var. leucomelas (Mett. ex Kuhn) J.E.Bur-
Pellaea viridis (Forssk.) Prantl var. macrophylla (Kunze) Sim (2) rows (6)
1829 m. M, S, KZN, WC, EC Alt 215–1000 m. WC, EC
viridis (Forssk.) Sw. var. obscura N.C.Anthony = C. namaquensis Baker = Cheilanthes namaquensis
involuta var. obscura pectiniformis Baker
viridis (Forssk.) Sw. var. viridis P. goudotii Kunze ex C.Chr. (3)
Pellaea viridis (Forssk.) Prantl var. viridis (2) Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–250 mm.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–350 mm. Alt 400–1300 m. N, LIM, G, M, S, KZN
Alt 10–1980 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, pteroides (L.) Prantl
WC, EC Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 250–400 mm.
Alt 15–1765 m. NC, WC
DORYOPTERIS J.Sm. 0137000 quadripinnata (Forssk.) Prantl = Cheilanthes quadrip-
(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 7: 3.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The fern and fern allies of southern Africa: 244–246. innata
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 121. robusta (Kuntze) Hook. = Cheilanthes robusta
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 155–158. rufa A.F.Tryon
(6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Perennial. Herb, lithophyte, geophyte. Ht 90–230 mm.
No. 13: 72, 73. Alt 800–1200 m. WC
concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) Kuhn viridis (Forssk.) Prantl var. glauca (Sim) Sim = Chei-
Cheilanthes concolor (Langsd. & Fisch.) R.Tryon & A.F.Tryon (2) lanthes viridis var. glauca
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 200–300 mm. Alt 100– viridis (Forssk.) Prantl var. involuta (Sw.) Schelpe =
200 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Cheilanthes involuta var. involuta
pilosa (Poir.) Kuhn var. gemmifera J.E.Burrows & viridis (Forssk.) Prantl var. macrophylla (Kunze) Sim =
S.E.Strauss Cheilanthes viridis var. macrophylla
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 60–120 mm. Alt 800– viridis (Forssk.) Prantl var. viridis = Cheilanthes viridis
1350 m. LIM var. viridis
NOTHOLAENA R.Br. 0136700
eckloniana Kunze = Cheilanthes eckloniana PITYROGRAMMA Link 0131900
inaequalis Kunze = Cheilanthes inaequalis var. inae- (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 105–108.
qualis (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 97–99.
marlothii Hieron. = Cheilanthes marlothii (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 115, 116.
rawsonii Pappe = Cheilanthes rawsonii (6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
No. 13: 56, 57.
PELLAEA Link 0136800
(1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 7: 5, 6. argentea (Willd.) Domin
(3) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 268–290. Alt 900–1600 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN
(4) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 140–148. *calomelanos (L.) Link var. aureoflava (Hook.) Weath.
(6) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 10. ex Bailey
(7) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 47, 48. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 250–350 mm.
(8) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Alt 10–1750 m. M, S, KZN, EC
No. 13: 68–72.
boivinii Hook.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–190 mm. PTERIS L. 0140600
Alt 900–1850 m. LIM, G, M (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 115–121.
calomelanos (Sw.) Link var. calomelanos (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 105–110.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–250 mm. (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 158–166.
Alt 100–2100 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 11.
KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (6) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 48.
calomelanus (Sw.) Link var. leucomelas (Mett. ex Kuhn) No. 13: 77–81.
J.E.Burrows = P. leucomelas buchananii Baker ex Sim
dolomiticola Schelpe = Cheilanthes dolomiticola Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 0.58–2.5 m.
dura (Willd.) Hook. Alt 50–1280 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–240 mm. catoptera Kunze var. catoptera
Alt 900–1800 m. N, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.4–1.75 m. Alt 50–
goudotii Kunze ex C.Chr. = P. pectiniformis 2200 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
PTERIDACEAE Cheilanthes PTERIDOPHYTA

catoptera Kunze var. horridula Schelpe friesii Hieron.

Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.4–1.75 m. Alt 1200– Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.4–1.3 m. Alt 350–
1600 m. M, S 1750 m. LIM, NW, S, KZN
cretica L. *tremula R.Br.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 250–450 mm. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 0.4–1.6 m.
Alt 75–1800 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, Alt 150–350 m. WC
WC, EC vittata L.
dentata Forssk. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 0.1–1.52 m.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 30–1725 m. Alt 220–1900 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS,
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC KZN, L, NC, EC
SALVINIACEAE
SALVINIA Ség. 0204300 No. 13: 178.

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 67–69. auriculata of author, not of Aubl., misapplied name = S.
492. molesta
*molesta D.S.Mitch.
S. auriculata of author, not of Aubl., misapplied name (3)
(6) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 48. Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 20–30 mm. Alt 5–
(7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report 1500 m. N, B, LIM, NW, KZN, WC, EC
SCHIZAEACEAE
SCHIZAEA Sm. 0126800 No. 13: 49.

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 52. pectinata (L.) Sw.
174.
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 49–51. Alt 46–1500 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern african ferns and fern allies: 56–58.
tenella Kaulf.
(6) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 48. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–250 mm.
(7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Alt 245–1350 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
SELAGINELLACEAE
SELAGINELLA P.Beauv. 0113200 imbricata (Forssk.) Spring ex Decne.

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 22–29. Alt 450–2100 m. N, S, FS, KZN, L
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 15–21. kraussiana (Kunze) A.Braun
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 21–29. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 20–60 mm.
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 29. Alt 30–1300 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
(7) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report mittenii Baker
No. 13: 24–28. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 5–10 mm.
caffrorum (Milde) Hieron. Alt 100–2050 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 5–10 mm. nivea Alston
Alt 0–2000 m. LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt 200–400 m. B
dregei (C.Presl) Hieron. njam-njamensis Hieron.
S. grisea Alston (1) Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt 400–600 m. B
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 5–10 mm. Alt pygmaea (Kaulf.) Alston
200–1900 m. B, LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC Annual. Herb, geophyte. Ht 20–80 mm. Alt 50–700 m.
grisea Alston = S. dregei WC, EC
PTERIDOPHYTA PTERIDACEAE Pteris

TECTARIACEAE
CTENITIS (C.Chr.) C.Chr. 0192300 TECTARIA Cav. 0191700

lanuginosa (Willd. ex Kaulf.) Copel. = Megalastrum lanu- (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 234, 235.
ginosum (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 456,
457.
MEGALASTRUM Holttum 0192400 (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 265.
(1) Holttum. 1987. Gardens’ Bulletin of the Straits Settlements 39: (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 324, 325.
153–167. (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 13.
(2) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report (6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
No. 13: 135. No. 13: 132, 133.
lanuginosum (Willd. ex Kaulf.) Holttum
Ctenitis lanuginosa (Willd. ex Kaulf.) Copel. (1) gemmifera (Fée) Alston
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.76–2.5 m. Alt 100–1675 Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.9–1.21 m. Alt 250–1200
m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC m. LIM, M, S, KZN
THELYPTERIDACEAE
AMAUROPELTA Kunze 0182800 altissima Holttum

(1) Holttum. 1974. Journal of South African Botany 40: 130–136. Thelypteris altissima (Holttum) P.J.Vorster (4)
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 382–386. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt 10–800 m.
(3) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 49. LIM, KZN
No. 13: 115, 116.
buchananii (Schelpe) J.P.Roux
Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E.P.St.John var. buchananii Schelpe
bergiana (Schltdl.) Holttum (4)
Thelypteris bergiana (Schltdl.) Ching (1) Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.5–1.6 m. Alt 1000–
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1200 m. KZN
137–1500 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC chaseana (Schelpe) Holttum
knysnaensis (N.C.Anthony & Schelpe) Parris Thelypteris chaseana Schelpe (1)
Thelypteris knysnaensis N.C.Anthony & Schelpe (3) Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 250–760 mm. Alt 1000–
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 300–500 mm. 1650 m. LIM, M
Alt 200–600 m. WC dentata (Forssk.) Holttum
oppositiformis (C.Chr.) Holttum Thelypteris dentata (Forssk.) E.P.St.John (1)
Thelypteris oppositiformis (C.Chr.) Ching (1) Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.3–1.6 m. Alt 15–1500 m.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 200–500 mm. Alt 1400– LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
1600 m. M gueinziana (Mett.) Holttum
Thelypteris gueinziana (Mett.) Schelpe (1)
AMPELOPTERIS Kunze 0181000 Alt 50–1500 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
(1) Holttum. 1974. Journal of South African Botany 40: 153.
(2) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 200–202. hispidula (Decne.) Holttum
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 220, 221. Thelypteris hispidula (Decne.) Reed (1)
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 270–272. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 350–700 mm. Alt 1000–
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 30. 1200 m. S, KZN
No. 13: 113, 114.
prolifera (Retz.) Copel.
Thelypteris prolifera (Retz.) P.J.Vorster (3) CYCLOSORUS Link 0182500
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 185– (1) Holttum. 1974. Journal of South African Botany 40: 151–153.
1200 m. LIM, M, S, KZN (2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 396–
398.
CHRISTELLA H.Lév. 0187600 No. 13: 114, 115.
(1) Holttum. 1974. Journal of South African Botany 40: 139–148.
interruptus (Willd.) H.Itô
Thelypteris interrupta (Willd.) K.Iwats. (1)
393.
Thelypteris totta (Thunb.) Schelpe (1)
(4) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.4–1.6 m. Alt 10–
No. 13: 118–121. 1300 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
TECTARIACEAE Ctenitis PTERIDOPHYTA

*MACROTHELYPTERIS 0182200 pozoi (Lag.) K.Iwats.

(H.Itô) Ching Thelypteris pozoi (Lag.) Morton (4)
(1) Holttum. 1974. Journal of South African Botany 40: 126, 127. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 200–400 mm.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 381, Alt 50–1200 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
382.
THELYPTERIS Schmidel 0183100
(5) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report (1) Launert. 1969. FSWA 10: 1.
No. 13: 114. (2) Holttum. 1974. Journal of South African Botany 40: 150, 151.
torresiana (Gaudich.) Ching 396.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 1.5–1.6 m. Alt 30–400 m. (4) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 207–219.
KZN (5) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 258–272.
PNEUMATOPTERIS Nakai 0187300 (8) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
No. 13: 116, 117.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 399, altissima (Holttum) P.J.Vorster = Christella altissima
400. bergiana (Schltdl.) Ching = Amauropelta bergiana
No. 13: 118. chaseana Schelpe = Christella chaseana
unita (Kunze) Holttum confluens (Thunb.) Morton
Thelypteris madagascariensis (Fée) Schelpe (1) Perennial. Herb, geophyte, hydrophyte. Ht 300–450 mm.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 0.8–1.8 m. Alt 5–1829 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN,
Alt 200–1800 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC WC, EC
dentata (Forssk.) E.P.St.John = Christella dentata
PSEUDOCYCLOSORUS Ching 0182600 dentata (Forssk.) E.P.St.John var. buchananii Schelpe =
(1) Holttum. 1974. Journal of South African Botany 40: 137–139. Christella buchananii
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 384– gueinziana (Mett.) Schelpe = Christella gueinziana
386.
(3) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report hispidula (Decne.) Reed = Christella hispidula
No. 13: 115. interrupta (Willd.) K.Iwats. = Cyclosorus interruptus
pulcher (Bory ex Willd.) Holttum knysnaensis N.C.Anthony & Schelpe = Amauropelta
Thelypteris pulchra (Bory ex Willd.) Schelpe (3)
knysnaensis
1000 m. M madagascariensis (Fée) Schelpe = Pneumatopteris unita
oppositiformis (C.Chr.) Ching = Amauropelta oppositi-
formis
STEGNOGRAMMA Blume 0186700 pozoi (Lag.) F.Morton = Stegnogramma pozoi
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 393– prolifera (Retz.) P.J.Vorster = Ampelopteris prolifera
395. pulchra (Bory ex Willd.) Schelpe = Pseudocyclosorus
pulcher
No. 13: 117. totta (Thunb.) Schelpe = Cyclosorus interruptus
VITTARIACEAE
VITTARIA Sm. 0144300 (6) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 50.
No. 13: 82–84.
216.
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 89, 90. isoetifolia Bory
(4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 108–112. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte. Ht 50–900 mm. Alt 200–
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 31. 1200 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
WOODSIACEAE
ATHYRIUM Roth 0194100 403–406.

(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 202–204. (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 273, 274.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 16.
PTERIDOPHYTA THELYPTERIDACEAE *Macrothelypteris

(6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report zanzibaricum (Baker) C.Chr.
No. 13: 136, 137. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 1000–1200 m.
scandicinum (Willd.) C.Presl LIM, M
1500 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN HYPODEMATIUM Kunze 0195400
schimperi Moug. ex Fée (1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 230.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 250–700 mm. Alt 500– (3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 263.
1600 m. M, KZN, EC (4) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 320–322.
CYSTOPTERIS Bernh. 0195100 (6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
(1) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 402, No. 13: 139, 140.
403. crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn var. crenatum
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 70–200 mm. Alt 1000–
(4) Roux. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 16. 1200 m. M
No. 13: 139. LUNATHYRIUM Koidz. 0194900
fragilis (L.) Bernh. japonicum (Thunb.) Sa.Kurata = Deparia japonica
2500 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
WOODSIA R.Br. 0195500
*DEPARIA Hook. & Grev. 0194700 (1) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 430–
432.
(1) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report (2) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 240, 241.
No. 13: 138, 139. (3) Burrows. 1990. Southern African ferns and fern allies: 297, 298.
japonica (Thunb.) M.Kato (4) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 13.
Lunathyrium japonicum (Thunb.) Sa.Kurata (1) (5) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 250–400 mm. No. 13: 140.
Alt 50–1100 m. M, S, KZN angolensis Schelpe
DIPLAZIUM Sw. 0194300 1600 m. LIM, M, KZN
(1) Schelpe. 1970. FZ Pteridophyta: 204, 205. montevidensis (Spreng.) Hieron.
(2) Jacobsen. 1983. The ferns and fern allies of southern Africa: 408– 410. W. montevidensis (Spreng.) Hieron. var. burgessiana (Gerrard ex
(3) Schelpe & Anthony. 1986. FSA Pteridophyta: 227. Hook. & Baker) Schelpe (5)
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 16. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, lithophyte. Ht 150–300 mm.
(6) Roux. 2001. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report Alt 1500–2000 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
No. 13: 137, 138. montevidensis (Spreng.) Hieron. var. burgessiana
*esculentum (Retz.) Sw. (Gerrard ex Hook. & Baker) Schelpe = W. mont-
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 300–500 m. KZN sevidensis
WOODSIACEAE Athyrium PTERIDOPHYTA

GYMNOSPERMS
CUPRESSACEAE
Compiled by H.F. Glen
*CRYPTOMERIA D.Don 0034000 *TAXODIUM L. 0035000

(1) Franco. 1993. Flora europaea 1, edn 2: 45. (1) Richard. 1810. Annales du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
16: 298.
japonica (L.f.) D.Don (2) Watson. 1985. Taxon 34: 506–509.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 6–40 m. Alt 900–1600 m. FS, KZN
distichum (L.) A.Rich. var. distichum
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–30 m. Alt 900–1100 m. KZN
*CUPRESSUS L. 0043000 WIDDRINGTONIA Endl. 0038010
(1) Miller. 1768. The gardener’s dictionary edn 8: 3.
(2) Greene. 1882. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 9: 64, 65. (1) Marsh. 1966. FSA 1: 43–48.
(3) Dallimore & Jackson. 1966. A handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgo- (2) Powrie. 1972. Journal of South African Botany 38: 301–303.
aceae: 194–218. cedarbergensis J.A.Marsh
(4) Little. 1966. Madroño 18: 161–167. W. juniperoides in sense of T.Durand & Schinz, not of Endl., mis-
(5) Silba. 1981. Phytologia 49: 390–399. applied name (1)
(6) Silba. 1983. Phytologia 52: 349–361. Perennial. Tree. Ht 4.5–12.2 m. Alt 900–1400 m. WC
(7) Mitchell. 1984. European garden flora 1: 81–83.
(8) Eckenwalder. 1993. Flora of North America 2: 405–408. cupressoides (L.) Endl. = W. nodiflora
arizonica Greene var. arizonica dracomontana Stapf = W. nodiflora
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–12 m. Alt 1500–1900 m. FS, EC juniperoides in sense of T.Durand & Schinz, not of Endl.,
misapplied name = W. cedarbergensis
*JUNIPERUS L. 0045000 nodiflora (L.) Powrie
W. cupressoides (L.) Endl. (2)
(1) Linnaeus. 1753. Species plantarum edn 1, 2: 1039. W. dracomontana Stapf (1)
(2) Dallimore & Jackson. 1966. A handbook of Coniferae and Ginkgo- W. whytei Rendle (1)
aceae: 234–285. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.2–15.2 m. Alt 60–2150 m.
(3) Mitchell. 1984. European garden flora 1: 84–87.
(4) Farjon. 1992. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 49: 251–283. LIM, M, FS, KZN, WC, EC
virginiana L. schwarzii (Marloth) Mast.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–18 m. Alt 1200–1750 m. LIM, Perennial. Tree. Ht 7.0–12.5 m. Alt 300–1450 m. EC
G, FS, EC whytei Rendle = W. nodiflora
*P I N A C E A E
*PINUS L. 0022000 patula Schltdl. & Cham. var. patula

(1) Jessop. 1966. FSA 1: 42, 43. Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–35 m. Alt 650–1600 m. M, S, FS,
(2) Farjon. 1984. Pines: 1–219. KZN
(3) Perry. 1991. The pines of Mexico and Central America: 1–231.
(4) Farjon & Styles. 1997. Flora Neotropica Monograph 75: 1–291.
pinaster Aiton
Perennial. Tree. Ht 8–35 m. Alt 150–1250 m. WC, EC
canariensis Sweet ex C.K.Spreng.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 24–30 m. Alt 0–1500 m. KZN, WC, pinea L.
EC Perennial. Tree. Ht 12–25 m. Alt 50–1600 m. WC, EC
elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii radiata D.Don
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–30 m. Alt 1500–2000 m. FS Perennial. Tree. Ht 12–40 m. Alt 50–1700 m. FS, L, NC,
halepensis Mill. var. halepensis WC, EC
Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–25 m. Alt 100–1700 m. FS, L, NC, roxburghii Sarg.
WC, EC Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–55 m. Alt 1400–1600 m. G, FS
CUPRESSACEAE *Cryptomeria GYMNOSPERMS

PODOCARPACEAE
PODOCARPUS L’Hér. ex Pers. 0013000 Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.1–52.7 m. Alt 0–1900 m. LIM, M,
(1) Leistner. 1966. FSA 1: 34–41. S, KZN, WC, EC
(2) Nelson. 1984. European garden flora 1: 75, 76. gracilior in sense of Burtt Davy, not of Pilg., misapplied
(3) Leistner. 1988. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1965, 1966.
(4) Leistner. 1991. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: t. 2021.
name = P. falcatus
henkelii Stapf ex Dallim. & Jacks.
elongatus (Aiton) L’Hér. ex Pers. Perennial. Tree. Ht 3.6–24.4 m. Alt 100–1600 m. KZN,
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–12.2 m. Alt 75–975 m. EC
WC
latifolius (Thunb.) R.Br. ex Mirb.
falcatus (Thunb.) R.Br. ex Mirb. Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–40 m. Alt 10–2200 m. LIM, M, S,
P. gracilior in sense of Burtt Davy, not of Pilg., misapplied name (1) FS, KZN, WC, EC
STANGERIACEAE
STANGERIA T.Moore 0002000 S. paradoxa T.Moore (1)

(1) Dyer. 1966. FSA 1: 1–3.
m. KZN, EC
eriopus (Kunze) Baill. paradoxa T.Moore = S. eriopus
WELWITSCHIACEAE
WELWITSCHIA Hook.f. 0048000 bainesii (Hook.f.) Carrière = W. mirabilis

(1) Verdoorn. 1966. FSA 1: 48–51. mirabilis Hook.f.
(2) Dyer & Verdoorn. 1972. Taxon 21: 485–489. W. bainesii (Hook.f.) Carrière (3)
(3) Nomenclature Committee. 1975. Taxon 24: 176. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 30–150 m. N
ZAMIACEAE
Compiled by H.F. Glen & P.J.H. Hurter
ENCEPHALARTOS Lehm. 0005000 (13) Lavranos & Goode. 1989. Durban Museum Novitates 14: 153–156.
(14) Robbertse et al. 1989. South African Journal of Botany 55: 122–
(1) Prain. 1916. Kew Bulletin 1916: 181, 182. 126.
(2) Gilliland. 1939. Proceedings and Transactions of the Rhodesia Scien- (15) Vorster. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 239–243.
tific Association 37: 133, 134. (16) Hurter. 1995. Phytologia 78: 409–416.
(3) Verdoorn. 1947. The Flowering Plants of Africa 26: tt. 1001, 1002. (17) Hilton-Taylor. 1996. Bothalia 26: 177–182.
(4) Verdoorn. 1949. The Flowering Plants of Africa 27: tt. 1053, 1054, (18) Hilton-Taylor. 1996. Strelitzia 4: 47, 48.
1078, 1079. (19) Hurter & Glen. 1996. South African Journal of Botany 62: 226–229.
(5) Dyer. 1951. The Flowering Plants of Africa 28: t. 1100. (20) Vorster. 1996. South African Journal of Botany 62: 57–64.
(6) Dyer. 1956. Journal of South African Botany 22: 1–4. (21) Vorster. 1996. South African Journal of Botany 62: 67–79.
(7) Dyer & Verdoorn. 1966. FSA 1: 3–34. (22) Hurter & Glen. 2001. Bothalia 31: 197–199.
(8) Dyer & Verdoorn. 1969. Kirkia 7: 147–156. (23) Glen & Hurter. In press. Taxon.
(9) Dyer. 1971. Bothalia 10: 369–371; 379–383. (24) Hurter & Glen. In press. Taxon.
(10) Dyer. 1972. Bothalia 10: 539–546.
(11) Lavranos & Goode. 1988. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National
de Belgique 58: 219–224. aemulans Vorster
(12) Robbertse et al. 1988. South African Journal of Botany 54: 363– Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt 600–1100 m.
366. KZN
GYMNOSPERMS PODOCARPACEAE Podocarpus

altensteinii Lehm. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–3 m. Alt 1050–1500 m.

Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.6–7.6 m. Alt 150–750 m. EC M, G
aplanatus Vorster latifrons Lehm.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 250–700 m. S Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.9–3.4 m. Alt 300–600 m. EC
arenarius R.A.Dyer lebomboensis I.Verd.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 75–200 m. EC Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.2–3.7 m. Alt 100–1200 m.
brevifoliolatus Vorster M, S
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 2.5 m. Alt 1300–1500 m. LIM lehmannii Lehm.
caffer (Thunb.) Lehm. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–1.8 m. Alt 700–950 m.
Perennial. Shrub, geophyte. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 200– WC, EC
600 m. KZN, EC longifolius (Jacq.) Lehm.
cerinus Lavranos & D.L.Goode Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.1–4.6 m. Alt 300–600 m. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, geophyte. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt middelburgensis Vorster, Robbertse & S.van der Westh.
600–1250 m. KZN E. eugene-maraisii subsp. middelburgensis Lavranos & Goode (23)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.8–4.3 m. Alt 1200–1500 m.
cupidus R.A.Dyer
G, M
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, geophyte. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt
900–1200 m. LIM, M msinganus Vorster
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 900–1200 m. KZN
cycadifolius (Jacq.) Lehm.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–0.9 m. Alt 950–1600 m. EC natalensis R.A.Dyer & I.Verd.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.4–7.3 m. Alt 50–1200 m. M,
dolomiticus Lavranos & D.L.Goode
E. verrucosus Vorster, Robbertse & S.van der Westh. (23) KZN, EC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–2.5 m. Alt 1200–1850 m. ngoyanus I.Verd.
LIM Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, geophyte. Ht up to 0.3 m.
dyerianus Lavranos & D.L.Goode Alt 200–900 m. S, KZN
E. graniticolus Vorster, Robbertse & S.van der Westh. (23) nubimontanus P.J.H.Hurter
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–5 m. Alt 650–750 m. LIM E. venetus Vorster (21, 22)
eugene-maraisii I.Verd. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.7–2.5 m. Alt 900–1100 m.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–2.4 m. Alt 1500–1800 m. LIM
LIM paucidentatus Stapf & Burtt Davy
eugene-maraisii I.Verd. subsp. middelburgensis Lavranos Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.8–3.7 m. Alt 750–1400 m.
& D.L.Goode = E. middelburgensis LIM, M, S
ferox G.Bertol. princeps R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.7 m. Alt 0–60 m. KZN Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.2–3.4 m. Alt 600–750 m.
EC
friderici-guilielmi Lehm.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–3.7 m. Alt 750–1550 m. relictus P.J.H.Hurter
KZN, EC Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 2.5 m. Alt ± 1000 m. S
ghellinckii Lem. senticosus Vorster
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–2.1 m. Alt 600–2000 m. Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 400–800 m. M, S,
FS, KZN, EC KZN
graniticolus Vorster, Robbertse & S.van der Westh. = striatus Stapf & Burtt Davy
E. umbeluziensis R.A.Dyer (24)
E. dyerianus
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, geophyte. Ht up to 0.3
heenanii R.A.Dyer m. Alt 150–200 m. S
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 1100–1500 m.
transvenosus Stapf & Burtt Davy
M, S
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 750–1850 m.
hirsutus P.J.H.Hurter LIM
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–4.2 m. Alt 800–1000 m. LIM
trispinosus (Hook.) R.A.Dyer
horridus (Jacq.) Lehm. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.9 m. Alt 150–
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 150– 650 m. EC
300 m. EC
umbeluziensis R.A.Dyer = E. striatus
humilis I.Verd.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.07–0.45 m. Alt venetus Vorster = E. nubimontanus
1200–1700 m. M verrucosus Vorster, Robbertse & S.van der Westh. =
inopinus R.A.Dyer E. dolomiticus
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 600–1250 m. LIM villosus Lem.
laevifolius Stapf & Burtt Davy Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, geophyte. Ht 0.3–2 m.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.2–3 m. Alt 900–1200 m. Alt 50–600 m. S, KZN, EC
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC woodii Sander
lanatus Stapf & Burtt Davy Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–6 m. Alt 200–450 m. KZN
ZAMIACEAE Encephalartos GYMNOSPERMS

DICOTYLEDONS
ACANTHACEAE
Compiled by W.G. Welman
ACANTHODIUM Delile 7980010 procumbens L.f. = Blepharis procumbens

angustum Nees = Blepharis angusta pubescens (Thomson ex Oliv.) Engl.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt ?–2500 m. LIM
capense (L.f.) Nees var. inermis Nees = Blepharis inermis
capense (L.f.) Nees var. villosum Nees = Blepharis spathularis E.Mey. = Acanthopsis spathularis
capensis ADHATODA Mill. 8094020
diversispinum Nees = Blepharis diversispina (1) Manning & Getliffe Norris. 1995. FSA 30,3,1: 62–64.
grossum Nees = Blepharis grossa anagalloides Nees = Justicia anagalloides
hirtinervium Nees = Blepharis hirtinervia
andromeda (Lindau) C.B.Clarke
hoffmannseggianum Nees = Acanthopsis hoffmannseggiana Duvernoia andromeda Lindau (1)
macrum Nees = Blepharis macra Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 550–1950 m. FS,
marginatum Nees = Blepharis marginata KZN, EC
serrulatum Nees = Blepharis serrulata anselliana Nees = Justicia anselliana
sinuatum Nees = Blepharis sinuata densiflora (Hochst.) J.C.Manning
A. natalensis Nees (1)
squarrosum Nees = Blepharis squarrosa Gendarussa densiflora Hochst. (1)
Justicia natalensis (Nees) T.Anderson (1)
ACANTHOPSIS Harv. 7982000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 25–1065 m. KZN
(1) Clarke. 1901. FC 5,1: 33–35.
(2) Obermeyer. 1937. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 19: 138. divaricata Nees = Monechma divaricatum
(3) Meyer. 1968. FSWA 130: 5, 6. duvernoia (Nees) C.B.Clarke = Duvernoia adhatodoides
carduifolia (L.f.) Schinz flava (Vahl) Nees = Justicia flava
Acanthus carduifolius L.f. (1)
formosissima Klotzsch = Anisotes formosissimus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 555–765 m. NC
matammensis Schweinf. = Justicia matammensis
carduifolia (L.f.) Schinz var. longearistata Schinz = A.
disperma mollissima Nees = Monechma mollissimum
disperma Nees natalensis Nees = A. densiflora
A. carduifolia (L.f.) Schinz var. longearistata Schinz (3) petiolaris Nees = Justicia petiolaris subsp. petiolaris
Blepharis acaulis Lindau (3) thymifolia Nees = Justicia thymifolia
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.1 m. Alt 245–1370 m.
N, NC, WC ANGKALANTHUS Balf.f. 8044000
glauca (E.Mey.) Schinz
Acanthus glaucus E.Mey. (1) transvaalensis A.Meeuse = Chorisochora transvaalensis
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 670–1335 m. NC
ANISOTES Nees 8096000
hoffmannseggiana (Nees) C.B.Clarke (1) Glen. 1986. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1926.
Acanthodium hoffmannseggianum Nees (1)
(2) Baden. 1995. FSA 30,3,1: 65–68.
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt? N, NC
formosissimus (Klotzsch) Milne-Redh.
horrida Nees Adhatoda formosissima Klotzsch (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 460–500 m. NC Macrorungia formosissima (Klotzsch) C.B.Clarke (2)
scullyi (S.Moore) Oberm. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 200–1500 m. LIM
Blepharis scullyi S.Moore (2)
rogersii S.Moore (1)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 275–530 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.35–2 m. Alt 365–765 m. LIM
m. NC
spathularis (E.Mey.) Schinz ASTERACANTHA Nees 7927000
Acanthus spathularis E.Mey. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt? NC longifolia (L.) Nees = Hygrophila auriculata
trispina C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? NC ASYSTASIA Blume 8007000
(1) Clarke. 1901. FC 5,1: 41–44.
*ACANTHUS L. 7981000 (2) Bremekamp. 1933. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 256, 257.
(1) Meeuse. 1958. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1268. (3) Meyer. 1968. FSWA 130: 7, 8.
(4) Edwards & Getliffe Norris. 1987. South African Journal of Botany
capensis L.f. = Blepharis capensis 53: 231–233.
carduifolius L.f. = Acanthopsis carduifolia (5) Edwards. 1988. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1976.
(6) Edwards & Getliffe Norris. 1989. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50:
furcatus L.f. = Blepharis furcata t. 1985.
glaucus E.Mey. = Acanthopsis glauca (7) Edwards. 1991. South African Journal of Botany 57: 305–309.
(8) Edwards & Getliffe Norris. 1993. The Flowering Plants of Africa 52:
integrifolius L.f. = Blepharis integrifolia var. integrifolia t. 2076.
maderaspatensis L. = Blepharis maderaspatensis (9) Ensermu. 1994. Proceedings 13th Plenary Meeting AETFAT: 333–346.
ACANTHACEAE Acanthodium DICOTYLEDONS

atriplicifolia Bremek. bechuanensis C.B.Clarke

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 700–760 m. LIM Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 1280–1465 m. FS, NC
coromandeliana Nees var. micrantha Nees = A. gangetica bolusii Oberm.
subsp. micrantha Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 1050–1065 m. LIM,
gangetica (L.) T.Anderson subsp. micrantha (Nees) Ensermu (8) NW, G
A. coromandeliana Nees var. micrantha Nees (9) bremekampii Oberm. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 5–950 m. N, B, LIM, Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 625–1370
M, S, KZN, EC m. LIM, NW
natalensis C.B.Clarke = Salpinctium natalense breyeri Oberm. = B. lugardii
pinguifolia T.J.Edwards cinereicaulis C.B.Clarke = B. lancifolia
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 10–60 m. KZN crossandriformis C.B.Clarke
retrocarpa T.J.Edwards Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 75–1220 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 500–1000 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN
LIM, M, S, KZN cyanea S.Moore
schimperi T.Anderson (6) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? N
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 5–1660 m. N, B, damarensis T.Anderson
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN B. marlothii Engl. (9)
stenosiphon C.B.Clarke = Salpinctium stenosiphon Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.55 m. Alt 1235–
1500 m. N
subbiflora C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 305–1380 m. M delagoensis Oberm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 75–120 m. M, S, KZN
varia N.E.Br. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 10–795 m. KZN, EC dinteri Oberm.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1.35 m. Alt
welwitschii S.Moore 120–1200 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? N
dolomiticola M.-J.Balkwill & K.Balkwill
AULOJUSTICIA Lindau 8099000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1360–1950 m. LIM
eenii S.Moore = B. senensis
linifolia Lindau = Siphonoglossa linifolia
elegans S.Moore ex C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.8 m. Alt 5–1160 m.
BARLERIA L. 7973000 N, LIM, M, S, KZN
(1) Obermeyer. 1933. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 16: 123–180.
(2) Obermeyer. 1934. The Journal of Botany Oct. 1934: 275–278. galpinii C.B.Clarke
(3) Phillips. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: t. 893. Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 460–1235 m.
(4) Verdoorn. 1945. The Flowering Plants of Africa 25: t. 998. N, B, LIM, M
(5) Codd. 1952. The Flowering Plants of Africa 29: t. 1138.
(6) Meeuse. 1961. Bothalia 7: 443, 444. greenii M.-J.Balkwill & K.Balkwill (13)
(7) Obermeyer. 1961. Bothalia 7: 444–446. Perennial. Shrub, suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1.8 m. Alt 1200–1260 m.
(8) Obermeyer. 1964. The Flowering Plants of Africa 36: t. 1426. KZN
(9) Meyer. 1968. FSWA 130: 8–18.
(10) Killick. 1971. The Flowering Plants of Africa 41: t. 1623. gueinzii Sond.
(11) Balkwill et al. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 571–576. B. barbata E.Mey. ex C.B.Clarke (1)
(12) Balkwill et al. 1992. South African Journal of Botany 58: 286–291. Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 45–2225 m.
(13) Balkwill & Batten. 1999. Flowering Plants of Africa 56: t. 2158. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
acanthoides of author, not of Vahl = B. lanceolata halimoides Nees = Petalidium halimoides
acanthoides Vahl forma lanceolata Schinz = B. lanceolata hereroensis Engl. = B. lancifolia
affinis C.B.Clarke holubii C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 610–945 m.
240–1310 m. B, LIM, NW, M LIM, M
alata S.Moore = B. lancifolia irritans Nees
albida Lindau = B. senensis Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–0.35 m. Alt 80–1200
m. NC, WC, EC
albi-pilosa Hainz
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt? N, B irritans Nees var. rigida (Nees) C.B.Clarke = B. rigida
albostellata C.B.Clarke (5) jasminiflora C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 460–1065 m. LIM Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? EC
ameliae A.Meeuse jubata S.Moore
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 330–1000 m. N Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–1650 m. N
argillicola Oberm. kaloxytona Lindau
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–1065 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.35–0.45 m. Alt
m. KZN 765–1200 m. N
auriculata Schumach. = Hygrophila auriculata lanceolata (Schinz) Oberm.
B. acanthoides of author, not of Vahl (1)
barbata E.Mey. ex C.B.Clarke = B. gueinzii B. acanthoides Vahl forma lanceolata Schinz (1)
DICOTYLEDONS ACANTHACEAE Asystasia

Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt 395–1465 prionitoides Engl.

m. N B. namutonensis Oberm. (9)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ?–1050
lancifolia T.Anderson
B. alata S.Moore (1) m. N
B. cinereicaulis C.B.Clarke (1) pungens L.f.
B. hereroensis Engl. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.45 m. Alt 5–640 m.
B. latiloba Engl. (1)
B. rautanenii Schinz (1) WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–1.5 m. Alt quadriloba Oberm. = B. lugardii
275–1980 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, NC querimbensis Klotzsch = B. repens
latiloba Engl. = B. lancifolia randii S.Moore
lichtensteiniana Nees Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 855–1065 m. B,
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 650–1370 m. N, NW
NC rautanenii Schinz = B. lancifolia
lugardii C.B.Clarke
B. breyeri Oberm. (9) rehmannii C.B.Clarke
B. quadriloba Oberm. (2) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 425–1065 m.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt LIM, G, S
410–915 m. N, B, LIM repens Nees
B. querimbensis Klotzsch (1)
mackenii Hook.f.
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.75 m. Alt 610–1850 m. Perennial. Shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 5–30 m.
N, B, LIM, M KZN
macrostegia Nees rigida Nees
B. irritans Nees var. rigida (Nees) C.B.Clarke (1)
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 865–1650 m. B. rigida Nees var. ilicina (E.Mey. ex T.Anderson) Oberm. (9)
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC B. schenckii Schinz (9)
marlothii Engl. = B. damarensis Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 420–2000 m.
matopensis S.Moore N, B, FS, NC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt ?–305 m. LIM rigida Nees var. ilicina (E.Mey. ex T.Anderson) Oberm.
media C.B.Clarke = B. rigida
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? NC rogersii S.Moore
meeuseana P.G.Mey. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–800 m. N, LIM
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.9 m. Alt ?–1850 m. N rotundifolia Oberm. (8)
megalosiphon Mildbr. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 610–1100 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt ?–915 m. N, B LIM, M
merxmuelleri P.G.Mey. sacani Klotzsch ex Lindau = Neuracanthus africanus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.35–0.5 m. Alt? N var. africanus
meyeriana Nees saxatilis Oberm.
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 60–1980 m. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–1.5 m. Alt
LIM, M, S, KZN 155–1370 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
monticola Oberm. schenckii Schinz = B. rigida
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 1035–2200 m. FS, KZN senensis Klotzsch
B. albida Lindau (9)
namutonensis Oberm. = B. prionitoides B. eenii S.Moore (9)
natalensis Lindau B. petrophila Lindau (9)
B. woodii C.B.Clarke (1) B. spathulata N.E.Br. (9)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.45–0.75 m. Alt ?–530 Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt
m. KZN 275–1800 m. N, B, LIM, M
obtusa Nees (4) solitaria P.G.Mey.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? N
5–1585 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC spathulata N.E.Br. = B. senensis
ovata E.Mey. ex Nees spinulosa Klotzsch
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 500–1465 m. M, S, Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 460–945
KZN, EC m. B, LIM
oxyphylla Lindau stimulans E.Mey. ex Nees
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 200–460 m. M, S Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 395–1100 m.
papillosa T.Anderson WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt? N, NC transvaalensis Oberm.
petrophila Lindau = B. senensis Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 275–795
pretoriensis C.B.Clarke (10) m. LIM, M
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt 945– violacea Hainz
1600 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? N
ACANTHACEAE Barleria DICOTYLEDONS

virgula C.B.Clarke espinosa E.Phillips

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 915–1465 m. Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1400–2000 m.
B, LIM, G, M NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC
wilmsiana Lindau extenuata S.Moore = B. macra
B. wilmsii Lindau ex C.B.Clarke (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 490– fenestralis Vollesen
1585 m. M, KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Length 0.15–0.35 m. Alt
?–1000 m. M
wilmsii Lindau ex C.B.Clarke = B. wilmsiana
ferox P.G.Mey.
woodii C.B.Clarke = B. natalensis Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ?–700 m. N
fleckii P.G.Mey.
BLEPHARIS Juss. 7980000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 885–915 m. N
(1) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1207.
(2) Vollesen. 2000. Blepharis (Acanthaceae), a taxonomic revision: 1–342. furcata (L.f.) Pers.
Acanthus furcatus L.f. (2)
acanthodioides Klotzsch B. trispinosa Hainz (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.75 m. Alt 25–750 m. LIM, M Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 200–1020 m.
acaulis Lindau = Acanthopsis disperma N, NC
acuminata Oberm. gerlindae P.G.Mey. = B. obmitrata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Length 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 350–1375 gigantea Oberm.
m. LIM, M Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–2 m. Alt 900–1100 m. N
aequisepala Vollesen grisea S.Moore = B. diversispina
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ?–475 m. WC
grossa (Nees) T.Anderson
angusta (Nees) T.Anderson Acanthodium grossum Nees (2)
Acanthodium angustum Nees (2) B. dichotoma Engl. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.05–0.25 m. Alt ?–1525 m. NW Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 350–1150 m. N, NC
aspera Oberm. hirtinervia (Nees) T.Anderson
B. diversispina of authors, not of (Nees) C.B.Clarke (2) Acanthodium hirtinervium Nees (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Length 0.15–0.35 m. Alt B. ecklonii C.B.Clarke (2)
30–850 m. LIM, NW Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 10–90 m. EC
bainesii C.B.Clarke ilicina Oberm.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? B Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Length 0.15–0.25 m. Alt
boerhaaviifolia Pers. = B. maderaspatensis 25–450 m. EC
bossii Oberm. = B. obmitrata inaequalis C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 600–1560
breyeri Oberm. m. LIM, M
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 900–1050 m.
LIM inermis (Nees) C.B.Clarke
Acanthodium capense (L.f.) Nees var. inermis Nees (2)
caloneura S.Moore var. angustifolia Oberm. = B. tenuiramea Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–300 m. WC
capensis (L.f.) Pers. innocua C.B.Clarke
Acanthodium capense (L.f.) Nees var. villosum Nees (2) B. innocua C.B.Clarke var. lancifolia Oberm. (2)
Acanthus capensis L.f. (2)
B. capensis (L.f.) Pers. var. latibracteata Oberm. (2) Perennial. Herb. Length 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 1225–1830 m.
B. capensis (L.f.) Pers. var. prostrata Oberm. (2) LIM, NW, G, M
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 30–1400 m. innocua C.B.Clarke var. lancifolia Oberm. = B. innocua
NC, WC, EC
integrifolia (L.f.) E.Mey. ex Schinz var. clarkei (Schinz)
capensis (L.f.) Pers. var. latibracteata Oberm. = B. capensis Oberm.
capensis (L.f.) Pers. var. prostrata Oberm. = B. capensis B. clarkei Schinz (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 50–1065 m. B, LIM,
clarkei Schinz = B. integrifolia var. clarkei
G, M, KZN, EC
dichotoma Engl. = B. grossa
integrifolia (L.f.) E.Mey. ex Schinz var. integrifolia
dilatata C.B.Clarke Acanthus integrifolius L.f. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Length 0.15–0.35 m. Alt B. integrifolia (L.f.) E.Mey. ex Schinz var. setosa (Nees) Oberm. (2)
150–650 m. EC B. molluginifolia Pers. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 30–1675 m. N, B,
dilatata C.B.Clarke in part = B. obtusisepala LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
diversispina (Nees) C.B.Clarke
Acanthodium diversispinum Nees (2) integrifolia (L.f.) E.Mey. ex Schinz var. setosa (Nees)
B. grisea S.Moore (2) Oberm. = B. integrifolia var. integrifolia
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt laevifolia Vollesen
460–1220 m. N, B, LIM, NW Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? M
diversispina of authors, not of (Nees) C.B.Clarke = B. leendertziae Oberm.
aspera Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 320–1525 m. N, B,
ecklonii C.B.Clarke = B. hirtinervia LIM, NW, G, M
DICOTYLEDONS ACANTHACEAE Barleria

longispica C.B.Clarke Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Length 0.15–0.35 m. Alt

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 900–1225 m. KZN 25–600 m. EC
macra (Nees) Vollesen spinifex Merxm.
Acanthodium macrum Nees (2) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt ?–1400 m. N
B. extenuata S.Moore (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 550–1050 m. spinipes Vollesen
N, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–900 m. LIM
maderaspatensis (L.) Roth squarrosa (Nees) T.Anderson
Acanthodium squarrosum Nees (2)
Acanthus maderaspatensis L. (2)
B. boerhaaviifolia Pers. (2) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 1200–
B. maderaspatensis (L.) Roth subsp. rubiifolia (Schumach.) Napper (2) 1600 m. LIM, NW, G, FS
B. teaguei Oberm. (2)
stainbankiae C.B.Clarke
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb. Length 0.2–2 m. Alt 80–1340 m. Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 1400–1850 m. G, M
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, KZN
subglabra Vollesen
maderaspatensis (L.) Roth subsp. rubiifolia (Schumach.) Napper
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.25 m. Alt ?–1050 m. KZN
= B. maderaspatensis
marginata (Nees) C.B.Clarke subvolubilis C.B.Clarke (1)
Acanthodium marginatum Nees (2) B. saxatilis Oberm. (2)
B. subvolubilis C.B.Clarke var. longifolia Oberm. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 1150– Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt
1675 m. NC 50–1800 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, KZN
meyeri Vollesen subvolubilis C.B.Clarke var. longifolia Oberm. = B. sub-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt ?–800 m. N volubilis
mitrata C.B.Clarke
B. villosa C.B.Clarke (2) swaziensis Vollesen
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 365–2100 m. N, Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.4 m. Alt ?–600 m. S, KZN
NC, WC, EC teaguei Oberm. = B. maderaspatensis
molluginifolia Pers. = B. integrifolia var. integrifolia tenuiramea S.Moore
B. caloneura S.Moore var. angustifolia Oberm. (2)
naegelsbachii Oberm. = B. obmitrata
Annual. Herb. Length 0.25–0.75 m. Alt 945–975 m. N, B
natalensis Oberm.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Length 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 625– transvaalensis Schinz
1670 m. KZN Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.35 m. Alt 900–1400 m. B,
LIM, G, M?
obermeyerae Vollesen
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 300–1150 trispinosa Hainz = B. furcata
m. LIM, M uniflora C.B.Clarke
obmitrata C.B.Clarke Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 1000–
B. bossii Oberm. (2) 1250 m. LIM, G
B. gerlindae P.G.Mey. (2) villosa C.B.Clarke = B. mitrata
B. naegelsbachii Oberm. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt CALOPHANES D.Don 7939010
10–1860 m. N, B
perrottetii Nees = Dyschoriste perrottetii
obtusisepala Oberm.
B. dilatata C.B.Clarke in part (2) radicans T.Anderson var. mutica S.Moore = Dyschoriste
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Length 0.15–0.45 m. Alt mutica
750–1525 m. KZN, EC setosus Nees = Ruelliopsis setosa
petalidioides Vollesen
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt ?–1000 m. B CHAETACANTHUS Nees 7941000
(1) Clarke. 1901. FC 5,1: 18–20.
procumbens (L.f.) Pers. (2) Dyer & Milne-Redhead. 1934. Kew Bulletin 1934: 264, 265.
Acanthus procumbens L.f. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–1 m. Alt 15–350 m. EC burchellii Nees
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.75 m. Alt 30–
pruinosa Engl. 1705 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–0.75 m.
Alt 600–1150 m. N costatus Nees
saxatilis Oberm. = B. subvolubilis
2055 m. LIM, NW, G, M
scullyi S.Moore = Acanthopsis scullyi
glandulosus Nees = C. setiger
sericea Vollesen
persoonii C.B.Clarke = C. setiger
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 5–10 m. KZN
setiger (Pers.) Lindl.
serrulata (Nees) Ficalho & Hiern C. glandulosus Nees (2)
Acanthodium serrulatum Nees (2) C. persoonii C.B.Clarke (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 850– Ruellia setigera Pers. (2)
1380 m. B, LIM, NW, G Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.07–0.9 m.
sinuata (Nees) C.B.Clarke Alt 5–2040 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
Acanthodium sinuatum Nees (2) WC, EC
ACANTHACEAE Blepharis DICOTYLEDONS

CHORISOCHORA Vollesen 8048010 DIANTHERA L. 8094030

(2) Vollesen. 1994. Kew Bulletin 49: 469–479. bicalyculata Retz. = Peristrophe paniculata
transvaalensis (A.Meeuse) Vollesen (1) debilis Forssk. = Monechma debile
Angkalanthus transvaalensis A.Meeuse (2) paniculata Forssk. = Peristrophe paniculata
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1.25 m. Alt 915–1160 m.
LIM, M DICLIPTERA Juss. 8031000
(1) Balkwill et al. 1986. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1933.
(2) Balkwill et al. 1987. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1952.
CRABBEA Harv. 7972000 (3) Balkwill et al. 1996. Kew Bulletin 51: 1–61.
(1) Buys. 1982. ’n Taksonomiese ondersoek van die Suid-Afrikaanse ver-
teenwoordigers van Crabbea Harv. (Acanthaceae). Unpublished M.Sc. capensis Nees (2)
D. propinqua Nees (3)
thesis, Potchefstroom University for C.H.E.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 30–660 m.
acaulis N.E.Br. EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.08 m. Alt 1280–2135 m. NW,
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L clinopodia Nees
Justicia clinopodia E.Mey. (3)
angustifolia Nees Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 25–1830 m.
C. undulatifolia Engl. (1) LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 1000–1800 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, FS divaricata Compton
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.45 m. Alt 100–395 m. M,
cirsioides (Nees) Nees = C. hirsuta S, KZN
galpinii C.B.Clarke eenii S.Moore
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt 765–860 m. M Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 765–1435
hirsuta Harv. m. N, LIM, NW, G
C. cirsioides (Nees) Nees (1)
C. robusta N.E.Br. (1) extenta S.Moore
D. zeylanica in sense of C.B.Clarke (3)
Annual, perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 30–1550 m.
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
nana Nees
C. pedunculata N.E.Br. (1) fionae K.Balkwill
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 15–1675 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1600–1700 m. LIM
M, S, KZN, EC fruticosa K.Balkwill (1)
ovalifolia Ficalho & Hiern Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 640–1065 m. LIM, M
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 1115–1525 m. LIM, hereroensis Schinz = Peristrophe hereroensis
NW, G, M heterostegia Nees
pedunculata N.E.Br. = C. nana D. mossambicensis Klotzsch (3)
Justicia heterostegia E.Mey. (3)
reticulata C.B.Clarke = C. velutina Annual, perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 15–660 m.
robusta N.E.Br. = C. hirsuta LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
undulatifolia Engl. = C. angustifolia hirta K.Balkwill
velutina S.Moore Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt? B
C. reticulata C.B.Clarke (1) leistneri K.Balkwill
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 275–945 m. N, B, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1370–1465 m. NW, G,
LIM, M FS, NC, EC
magaliesbergensis K.Balkwill
CROSSANDRA Salisb. 7985000 Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? NW, G
(1) Phillips. 1922. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 2: t. 77. marlothii Engl. = Megalochlamys marlothii
(2) Vos & Edwards. 1992. South African Journal of Botany 58: 94–99.
minor C.B.Clarke subsp. minor
fruticulosa Lindau
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 765–1250 m. B,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 5–550 m.
LIM, NW
M, S, KZN
minor C.B.Clarke subsp. pratis-manna K.Balkwill
greenstockii S.Moore (1)
C. pungens of authors, not of Lindau (2) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt? LIM, M
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 305–1675 mossambicensis Klotzsch = D. heterostegia
m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN propinqua Nees = D. capensis
mucronata Lindau quintasii Lindau
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 245–460 m. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 50–100
LIM, M m. KZN
pungens of authors, not of Lindau = C. greenstockii schumanniana Schinz = Megalochlamys marlothii
zuluensis W.T.Vos & T.J.Edwards spinulosa Hochst. ex K.Balkwill
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–0.9 m. Alt 5–500 m. LIM, M, S, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 915–960 m. N, B,
KZN LIM, M
DICOTYLEDONS ACANTHACEAE Chorisochora

swynnertonii S.Moore pseuderecta Mildbr.

Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 30–? m. KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 410–? m. N, NC
transvaalensis C.B.Clarke = Peristrophe transvaalensis radicans (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Nees
Ruellia radicans Hochst. ex A.Rich. (1)
zeylanica in sense of C.B.Clarke = D. extenta
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 700–960 m. B
DINTERACANTHUS C.B.Clarke 7965010 rogersii S.Moore
ex Schinz Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 275–1250
asper Schinz = Ruellia aspera m. LIM, M, S
marlothii (Engl.) Schinz = Ruellia diversifolia transvaalensis C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1.65 m. Alt 915–
DUOSPERMA Dayton 7940000 1560 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M
(1) Meyer. 1968. FSWA 130: 28.
(2) Brummitt. 1974. Kew Bulletin 29: 411–414. ECBOLIUM Kurz 8048000
(1) Vollesen. 1989. Kew Bulletin 44: 601–680.
crenatum (Lindau) P.G.Mey.
Hygrophila crenata Lindau (1) amplexicaule of authors, not of S.Moore = E. glabratum
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt clarkei Hiern var. clarkei
380–1000 m. N, B, LIM, M Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt? N
quadrangulare (Klotzsch) Brummitt clarkei Hiern var. puberulum Vollesen
Nomaphila quadrangularis Klotzsch (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt
855–1070 m. N, B cognatum N.E.Br. = Megalochlamys revoluta subsp. cognata
flanaganii C.B.Clarke
DUVERNOIA E.Mey. ex Nees 8055000 Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 5–450 m. EC
(1) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1216. glabratum Vollesen
(2) Obermeyer. 1962. The Flowering Plants of Africa 35: t. 1375. E. amplexicaule of authors, not of S.Moore (1)
(3) Manning & Getliffe Norris. 1995. FSA 30,3,1: 15–17.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 20–305 m.
aconitiflora A.Meeuse (1) M, S, KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 155–275 m. M, S
hamatum (Klotzsch) C.B.Clarke = Megalochlamys hamata
adhatodoides E.Mey. ex Nees (2)
Adhatoda duvernoia (Nees) C.B.Clarke (3) ELYTRARIA Michx. 7908000
Perennial. Shrub, tree. Ht 2–6 m. Alt 15–1830 m. M, (1) Dokosi 1971. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München
KZN, EC 10: 256–265.
andromeda Lindau = Adhatoda andromeda acaulis of authors, not of (L.f.) Lindau = E. lyrata
DYSCHORISTE Nees 7939000 lyrata Vahl
E. acaulis of authors, not of (L.f.) Lindau (1)
(1) Clarke. 1899. FTA 5,1: 71–79. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 245–1100 m. B, LIM
(2) Clarke. 1901. FC 5,1: 15–18.
(3) Moore. 1910. Journal of Botany. British and Foreign, London 48: 250.
(4) Moore. 1918. Journal of Botany. British and Foreign, London 56: 36. ERANTHEMUM L. 7966000
(5) Meyer. 1968. FSWA 130: 28, 29. angustatum L., illegitimate name = Microdon dubius
capricornis C.B.Clarke angustifolium Murray, illegitimate name = Microdon dubius
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? N? decurrens Hochst. ex Nees = Ruspolia decurrens
depressa (L.) Nees parviflorum P.J.Bergius = Microdon parviflorus
Ruellia depressa L. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 5–35 m. seticalyx C.B.Clarke = Ruspolia seticalyx
LIM, KZN subviscosum C.B.Clarke = Pseuderanthemum subviscosum
erecta C.B.Clarke
GENDARUSSA Nees 8094040
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.5 m. Alt 310–1200 m. M
fischeri Lindau densiflora Hochst. = Adhatoda densiflora
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1.75 m. Alt 250– diosmophylla Nees = Justicia orchioides subsp. orchioides
1325 m. B, LIM, M incana Nees = Monechma incanum
fleckii Schinz = Ruelliopsis damarensis leptantha Nees = Siphonoglossa leptantha subsp. leptantha
monroi S.Moore orchioides (L.f.) Nees var. latifolia Nees = Justicia cuneata
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 425–950 m. B, subsp. latifolia
LIM
mutica (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke GLOSSOCHILUS Nees 7970000
Calophanes radicans T.Anderson var. mutica S.Moore (2) (1) Clarke. 1901. FC 5,1: 40, 41.
(2) Hutchinson. 1909. Kew Bulletin: 186.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 610–?
m. M burchellii Nees
perrottetii (Nees) Kuntze Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 1370–1435 m. B, NC
Calophanes perrottetii Nees (1) parviflorus Hutch.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? M Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–795 m. LIM
ACANTHACEAE Dicliptera DICOTYLEDONS

HEMIGRAPHIS Nees 7945000 phaylopsoides S.Moore = H. triflora

abyssinica (Hochst. ex Nees) C.B.Clarke = Hygrophila abys- triflora (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult.
H. phaylopsoides S.Moore (2)
sinica Justicia triflora Forssk. (2)
prunelloides S.Moore = Hygrophila prunelloides Perennial. Shrublet, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 490–2000 m.
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
HYGROPHILA R.Br. emend. Heine 7926000 verticillaris (L.f.) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult. = H. aristata var.
(1) Meyer. 1968. FSWA 130: 29–31. aristata
(2) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
tropicale IV: 481–483. verticillaris of authors, not of (L.f.) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult. =
abyssinica (Hochst. ex Nees) T.Anderson H. forskaolii
Hemigraphis abyssinica (Hochst. ex Nees) C.B.Clarke (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt? N ISOGLOSSA Oerst. 8079000
(1) Clarke. 1901. FC 5,1: 79–84.
acinos (S.Moore) Heine (2) Brown. 1908. Kew Bulletin 1908: 437.
Synnema acinos S.Moore (2)
bachmannii Lindau = I. ovata
Annual. Herb. Length 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 915–1000 m. N
bolusii C.B.Clarke
angolensis (S.Moore) Heine
Synnema angolense S.Moore (2) Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 30–1130 m. M,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt ?–1020 m. N S, EC
auriculata (Schumach.) Heine ciliata (Nees) Lindau
Asteracantha longifolia (L.) Nees (2) Rhytiglossa ciliata Nees (1)
Barleria auriculata Schumach. (2) Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.3 m. Alt 5–975 m. S, KZN,
H. spinosa T.Anderson (2) WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 90–610 m. N, M, S, KZN cooperi C.B.Clarke
crenata Lindau = Duosperma crenatum Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–3.6 m. Alt 5–1800 m. LIM,
gracillima (Schinz) Burkill M, KZN, EC
Nomaphila gracillima Schinz (1) delicatula C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt ?–1005 m. N Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.35–1.5 m. Alt 30–1700 m.
linearis Burkill LIM, M, KZN, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? B densa N.E.Br.
okavangensis P.G.Mey. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? N eckloniana (Nees) Lindau
pilosa Burkill Rhytiglossa eckloniana Nees (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.15 m. Alt? N, B Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 60–1800 m.
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
pobeguinii Benoist
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt? B grantii C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt
prunelloides (S.Moore) Heine
Hemigraphis prunelloides S.Moore (2) 5–1830 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ?–960 m. N, B hypoestiflora Lindau
spinosa T.Anderson = H. auriculata Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 10–1420 m.
LIM, KZN, EC
HYPOESTES Sol. ex R.Br. 8032000 macowanii C.B.Clarke
(1) Phillips. 1930. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 10: t. 370. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 490–
(2) Balkwill & Getliffe Norris. 1985. South African Journal of Botany 1675 m. KZN, L, EC
51: 133–144.
origanoides (Nees) Lindau
antennifera S.Moore = H. aristata var. aristata Rhytiglossa origanoides Nees (1)
aristata (Vahl) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult. var. alba K.Balkwill Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 305–1675 m. LIM, 155–1705 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
M, S, KZN ovata (Nees) Lindau
aristata (Vahl) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult. var. aristata (1) I. bachmannii Lindau (1)
H. antennifera S.Moore (2) Rhytiglossa ovata Nees (1)
H. verticillaris (L.f.) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 10–765 m. KZN, EC
Justicia aristata Vahl (2)
prolixa (Nees) Lindau
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.25–1.5 m. Alt 2–1900 m. KZN, Rhytiglossa prolixa Nees (1)
WC, EC Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 10–700 m. EC
aristata (Vahl) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult. var. thiniorum K.Balkwill stipitata C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Suffrutex, herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 5–60 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 185–490 m. KZN, EC
WC, EC
sylvatica C.B.Clarke
forskaolii (Vahl) R.Br. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? WC
H. verticillaris of authors, not of (L.f.) Sol. ex Roem. & Schult. (2)
Justicia forskaolii Vahl (2) woodii C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 3–1950 m. N, B, Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 5–1280 m.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC KZN, EC
DICOTYLEDONS ACANTHACEAE Hemigraphis

JUSTICIA L. 8094000 glabra Koenig ex Roxb.

(1) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1237. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt ?–950 m. B, LIM, KZN
(2) Immelman. 1984. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: t. 1897. guerkeana Schinz
(3) Immelman. 1984. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: t. 1898. J. leucocraspedota Lindau (7)
(4) Immelman. 1986. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1931. Monechma clarkei Schinz (7)
(5) Immelman. 1986. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1932.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 1005–1220
(7) Immelman. 1995. FSA 30,3,1: 18–46. m. N, NC
anagalloides (Nees) T.Anderson heterocarpa T.Anderson subsp. dinteri (S.Moore) Hedrén
Adhatoda anagalloides Nees (7) J. dinteri S.Moore (7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.5 m. Alt 90–2000 m. LIM, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt 940–? m. N, B, LIM
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN heterostegia E.Mey. = Dicliptera heterostegia
anselliana (Nees) T.Anderson (5) hoerleiniana P.G.Mey. = J. cuneata subsp. hoerleiniana
Adhatoda anselliana Nees (7)
incana (Nees) T.Anderson = Monechma incanum
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt ?–915 m. N
incerta C.B.Clarke = J. petiolaris subsp. incerta
aristata Vahl = Hypoestes aristata var. aristata
kirkiana T.Anderson
betonica L. (6)
J. betonicoides Burkill & C.B.Clarke (7) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt? B
J. cheiranthifolia (Nees) C.B.Clarke (7) kraussii C.B.Clarke = J. protracta subsp. protracta
J. pallidior (Nees) C.B.Clarke (7)
J. trinervia Vahl (7)
leucocraspedota Lindau = J. guerkeana
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 20–1655 m. leucoderme Schinz = Monechma leucoderme
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC lycioides Schinz = J. odora
betonicoides Burkill & C.B.Clarke = J. betonica matammensis (Schweinf.) Oliv.
Adhatoda matammensis Schweinf. (7)
bolusii C.B.Clarke (4) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 330–935 m. B, LIM, M
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 15–580 m. EC
minima A.Meeuse
bowiei C.B.Clarke = J. petiolaris subsp. bowiei Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 1160–
burchellii C.B.Clarke = J. petiolaris subsp. bowiei 1465 m. LIM
campylostemon (Nees) T.Anderson montis-salinarum A.Meeuse
Leptostachya campylostemon Nees (7) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1000–
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 5–1680 m. LIM, 1500 m. LIM
M, S, KZN, EC
mutica C.B.Clarke = J. petiolaris subsp. bowiei
canescens Lam. = Nelsonia canescens natalensis (Nees) T.Anderson = Adhatoda densiflora
capensis Thunb. odora (Forssk.) Vahl
Perennial. Shrub, scrambler, herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 5–715 m. J. lycioides Schinz (7)
KZN, EC J. polymorpha Schinz (7)
cheiranthifolia (Nees) C.B.Clarke = J. betonica Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt
clavicarpa Schinz = J. platysepala 320–1220 m. N, B, LIM, M, KZN
cleomoides S.Moore = Monechma cleomoides orchioides L.f. subsp. glabrata Immelman
clinopodia E.Mey. = Dicliptera clinopodia
1370 m. NW, FS, WC, EC
cuneata Vahl subsp. cuneata
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1.6 m. Alt 20–85 m. EC orchioides L.f. subsp. orchioides
Gendarussa diosmophylla Nees (7)
cuneata Vahl subsp. hoerleiniana (P.G.Mey.) Immelman Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 30–305
J. hoerleiniana P.G.Mey. (7) m. EC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt? N
pallidior (Nees) C.B.Clarke = J. betonica
cuneata Vahl subsp. latifolia (Nees) Immelman parvibracteata Immelman = J. puberula
Gendarussa orchioides (L.f.) Nees var. latifolia Nees (7)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt 15–550 m. petiolaris (Nees) T.Anderson subsp. bowiei (C.B.Clarke)
NC, WC, EC Immelman
J. bowiei C.B.Clarke (7)
desertorum Engl. = Monechma desertorum J. burchellii C.B.Clarke (7)
dinteri S.Moore = J. heterocarpa subsp. dinteri J. mutica C.B.Clarke (7)
distichotrichum Lindau = Monechma distichotrichum Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–1.3 m. Alt 15–550
m. EC
exigua S.Moore
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 935–1800 m. N, B, LIM petiolaris (Nees) T.Anderson subsp. incerta (C.B.Clarke)
Immelman (1)
flava (Vahl) Vahl (3) J. incerta C.B.Clarke (7)
Adhatoda flava (Vahl) Nees (7)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 25–1400 m. m. LIM, NW, G, M, KZN
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
petiolaris (Nees) T.Anderson subsp. petiolaris (2)
forskaolii Vahl = Hypoestes forskaolii Adhatoda petiolaris Nees (7)
genistifolia Engl. = Monechma genistifolium subsp. genisti- Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–1.5 m. Alt 5–1200
folium m. LIM, M, S, KZN
ACANTHACEAE Justicia DICOTYLEDONS

platysepala (S.Moore) P.G.Mey. MEGALOCHLAMYS Lindau 8061000

J. clavicarpa Schinz (7)
Monechma platysepalum S.Moore (7)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 320–1500 hamata (Klotzsch) Vollesen
m. N Ecbolium hamatum (Klotzsch) C.B.Clarke (1)
polymorpha Schinz = J. odora B, LIM
protracta (Nees) T.Anderson subsp. protracta kenyensis Vollesen subsp. australis Vollesen
J. kraussii C.B.Clarke (7)
J. pulegioides C.B.Clarke (7) Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 365–610 m. LIM
J. rotundifolia (Nees) T.Anderson (7) marlothii (Engl.) Lindau
J. woodii C.B.Clarke (7) Dicliptera marlothii Engl. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 5–1830 m. Dicliptera schumanniana Schinz (1)
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 320–1350 m. N
protracta (Nees) T.Anderson subsp. rhodesiana (S.Moore) revoluta (Lindau) Vollesen subsp. cognata (N.E.Br.) Vollesen
Immelman Ecbolium cognatum N.E.Br. (1)
J. rhodesiana S.Moore (7) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–1.25 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 305–1400 Alt 520–915 m. B, LIM
m. N, B, LIM, NW, M
puberula Immelman METARUNGIA C.Baden 8030000
J. parvibracteata Immelman (7) (1) Codd. 1983. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1862.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt? NC (2) Batten. 1989. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1989.
(3) Baden. 1995. FSA 30,3,1: 3–5.
pulegioides C.B.Clarke = J. protracta subsp. protracta (4) Edwards et al. 2001. Bothalia 31: 199–202.
pulegioides C.B.Clarke subsp. late-ovata C.B.Clarke = galpinii (C.Baden) C.Baden (2)
Siphonoglossa leptantha subsp. late-ovata Macrorungia galpinii C.Baden (3)
rhodesiana S.Moore = J. protracta subsp. rhodesiana Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 30–100 m. EC
rotundifolia (Nees) T.Anderson = J. protracta subsp. protracta longistrobus (C.B.Clarke) C.Baden (1)
Macrorungia longistrobus C.B.Clarke (3)
salsola S.Moore = Monechma salsola
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.75–1.5 m. Alt 150–900 m. LIM,
spartioides T.Anderson = Monechma spartioides M, S
thymifolia (Nees) C.B.Clarke
Adhatoda thymifolia Nees (7) pubinervia (T.Anderson) C.Baden
Rungia pubinervia T.Anderson (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 500–2000 m. KZN
1465 m. NC
triflora Forssk. = Hypoestes triflora MONECHMA Hochst. 8094010
trinervia Vahl = J. betonica (1) Munday. 1995. FSA 30,3,1: 47–61.
woodii C.B.Clarke = J. protracta subsp. protracta acutum C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt? EC
LEPIDAGATHIS Willd. 7971000 angustissimum S.Moore = M. divaricatum
(1) Clarke. 1899. FTA 5,1: 120–129.
arenicola (Engl.) C.B.Clarke = M. cleomoides
scabra C.B.Clarke
atherstonei (T.Anderson) C.B.Clarke = M. spartioides
M, S, KZN australe P.G.Mey. = M. genistifolium subsp. australe
scariosa Nees bracteatum Hochst. = M. debile
L. terminalis Nees (1) calcaratum Schinz
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? N Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.45–0.75 m. Alt ?–1005
terminalis Nees = L. scariosa m. N
callothamnum Munday
LEPTOSTACHYA Nees 8094050 Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt? N
campylostemon Nees = Justicia campylostemon clarkei Schinz = Justicia guerkeana
MACKAYA Harv. 8039000 cleomoides (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke
Justicia cleomoides S.Moore (1)
(1) Clarke. 1901. FC 5,1: 44. M. arenicola (Engl.) C.B.Clarke (1)
(2) Phillips. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 104.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m.
bella Harv. Alt 650–1165 m. N
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 5–1980 m. LIM, crassiusculum P.G.Mey.
M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt? N, NC
MACRORUNGIA C.B.Clarke 8030010 debile (Forssk.) Nees
Dianthera debilis Forssk. (1)
formosissima (Klotzsch) C.B.Clarke = Anisotes formo- M. bracteatum Hochst. (1)
sissimus M. monechmoides (S.Moore) Hutch. (1)
M. tettense C.B.Clarke (1)
galpinii C.Baden = Metarungia galpinii Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 15–1500 m. N, B,
longistrobus C.B.Clarke = Metarungia longistrobus LIM, M, S, KZN
DICOTYLEDONS ACANTHACEAE Justicia

desertorum (Engl.) C.B.Clarke salsola (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke

Justicia desertorum Engl. (1) Justicia salsola S.Moore (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 700–1000 m. N Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.65 m. Alt ?–700 m. N
distichotrichum (Lindau) P.G.Mey. saxatile Munday
Justicia distichotrichum Lindau (1) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–1100 m. NC
Perennial. Suffrutex, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 915–1615 serotinum P.G.Mey.
m. N, NC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.3 m. Alt? N
divaricatum (Nees) C.B.Clarke
Adhatoda divaricata Nees (1) spartioides (T.Anderson) C.B.Clarke
Justicia spartioides T.Anderson (1)
M. angustissimum S.Moore (1)
M. atherstonei (T.Anderson) C.B.Clarke (1)
M. fimbriatum C.B.Clarke (1)
M. pseudopatulum C.B.Clarke (1)
M. floridum C.B.Clarke (1)
M. namaense (Schinz) C.B.Clarke (1) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 185–1675 m.
M. nepeta (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke (1) N, NW, NC, WC, EC
M. nepetoides C.B.Clarke (1)
M. terminale S.Moore (1) terminale S.Moore = M. divaricatum
Perennial. Shrub, suffrutex. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 100–1850 m. tettense C.B.Clarke = M. debile
N, B, LIM, NW, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC tonsum P.G.Mey.
fimbriatum C.B.Clarke = M. divaricatum Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.35–0.7 m. Alt ?–1050 m. N
floridum C.B.Clarke = M. divaricatum NELSONIA R.Br. 7909000
foliosum C.B.Clarke (1) Vollesen. 1994. Proceedings 13th Plenary Meeting AETFAT: 315–325.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 835–1000 m. canescens (Lam.) Spreng.
WC, EC Justicia canescens Lam. (1)
genistifolium (Engl.) C.B.Clarke subsp. australe (P.G.Mey.) Perennial. Herb. Length 0.05–0.35 m. Alt ?–940 m. N, B
Munday
M. australe P.G.Mey. (1) NEURACANTHUS Nees 7977000
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 610–1220 m. (1) Bidgood & Brummitt. 1998. Kew Bulletin 53: 1–76.
N, B, NC africanus T.Anderson ex S.Moore var. africanus
genistifolium (Engl.) C.B.Clarke subsp. genistifolium Barleria sacani Klotzsch ex Lindau (1)
Justicia genistifolia Engl. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 305–1100
M. hereroense (Engl.) C.B.Clarke (1) m. LIM
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 475–1600 m. N africanus T.Anderson ex S.Moore var. limpopoensis
grandiflorum Schinz Bidgood & Brummitt
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt ?–1100 m. N Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 400–700
hereroense (Engl.) C.B.Clarke = M. genistifolium subsp. m. LIM
genistifolium
NOMAPHILA Blume 7926010
incanum (Nees) C.B.Clarke gracillima Schinz = Hygrophila gracillima
Gendarussa incana Nees (1)
Justicia incana (Nees) T.Anderson (1) quadrangularis Klotzsch = Duosperma quadrangulare
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 900–
1420 m. N, B, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC PERISTROPHE Nees 8026000
leucoderme (Schinz) C.B.Clarke (2) Balkwill. 1996. Bothalia 26: 83–93.
Justicia leucoderme Schinz (1)
bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees = P. paniculata
1405 m. N, NC caulopsila E.Mey. ex Nees = P. cernua
linaria C.B.Clarke cernua Nees (1)
P. caulopsila E.Mey. ex Nees (2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt ?–170 m. WC P. krebsii C.Presl (2)
molle C.B.Clarke = M. mollissimum P. natalensis T.Anderson (2)
P. oblonga Nees (2)
mollissimum (Nees) P.G.Mey. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 30–1065 m.
Adhatoda mollissima Nees (1)
M. molle C.B.Clarke (1) KZN, EC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–2.5 m. Alt 190–945 m. N, NC cliffordii K.Balkwill
monechmoides (S.Moore) Hutch. = M. debile Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt ?–550 m. LIM
namaense (Schinz) C.B.Clarke = M. divaricatum decorticans K.Balkwill
P. kotschyana in sense of K.Balkwill, not of Nees (2)
nepeta (S.Moore) C.B.Clarke = M. divaricatum Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 500–1060 m. B, LIM
nepetoides C.B.Clarke = M. divaricatum gillilandiorum K.Balkwill
platysepalum S.Moore = Justicia platysepala Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt ?–500 m. LIM
pseudopatulum C.B.Clarke = M. spartioides grandibracteata Lindau
robustum Bond Perennial. Suffrutex, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.75 m. Alt ?–610 hereroensis (Schinz) K.Balkwill
m. WC Dicliptera hereroensis Schinz (2)
ACANTHACEAE Monechma DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Suffrutex, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ?–2250 m. N glutinosum (Engl.) C.B.Clarke = P. variabile var. variabile
kotschyana in sense of K.Balkwill, not of Nees = P. decorticans halimoides (Nees) S.Moore
Barleria halimoides Nees (5)
krebsii C.Presl = P. cernua
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 700–?
namibiensis K.Balkwill subsp. brandbergensis K.Balkwill m. N
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? N
incanum (Engl.) Mildbr. = P. variabile var. variabile
namibiensis K.Balkwill subsp. namibiensis
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? N lanatum (Engl.) C.B.Clarke
Pseudobarleria lanata Engl. (5)
natalensis T.Anderson = P. cernua Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 1200–1350 m. N
oblonga Nees = P. cernua latifolium (Schinz) C.B.Clarke = P. engleranum
paniculata (Forssk.) Brummitt linifolium T.Anderson
Dianthera bicalyculata Retz. (2) P. parvifolium C.B.Clarke ex Schinz var. angustifolia Schinz (5)
Dianthera paniculata Forssk. (2) Pseudobarleria linifolia (T.Anderson) Lindau (5)
P. bicalyculata (Retz.) Nees (2) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 800–1000 m. N
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 850–915 m. N, B
lucens Oberm.
transvaalensis (C.B.Clarke) K.Balkwill Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.75–1 m. Alt ?–795 m. N, NC
Dicliptera transvaalensis C.B.Clarke (2)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt ?–1000 m. B, LIM luteo-album A.Meeuse
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 700–1200 m. N
PETALIDIUM Nees 7934000 oblongifolium C.B.Clarke (2)
(1) Obermeyer. 1936. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 18: 151–162. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt 765–1370 m.
(2) Niemeyer. 1937. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 17: t. 669. LIM, M
(3) Obermeyer. 1959. The Flowering Plants of Africa 33: t. 1317.
(4) Obermeyer. 1961. The Flowering Plants of Africa 34: t. 1355. ohopohense P.G.Mey.
(5) Meyer 1968. FSWA 130: 50–62. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt? N
(6) Meyer. 1973. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München
11: 108–112. ovatum (Schinz) C.B.Clarke = P. engleranum
angustitubum P.G.Mey. parvifolium C.B.Clarke ex Schinz
P. wilmaniae Oberm. (5)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt ?–400 m. N
aromaticum Oberm. var. aromaticum N, B, NC
parvifolium C.B.Clarke ex Schinz var. angustifolia
LIM
Schinz = P. linifolium
aromaticum Oberm. var. canescens Oberm.
physaloides S.Moore
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 700–1005 m. N
m. LIM
pilosi-bracteolatum Merxm. & Hainz
bracteatum Oberm. (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? N
ramulosum Schinz
canescens (Engl.) C.B.Clarke
P. eenii S.Moore (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt? N
Pseudobarleria canescens Engl. (5) rautanenii Schinz
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? N Pseudobarleria glandulifera Lindau (1)
cirrhiferum S.Moore Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.35–1.2 m. Alt ?–1495 m. N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 900–1980 m. N rossmannianum P.G.Mey.
coccineum S.Moore (4) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 200–1235 m. N
P. rubescens Oberm. (5) rubescens Oberm. = P. coccineum
Pseudobarleria coccinea (S.Moore) Lindau (5)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 780–1980 m. N setosum C.B.Clarke ex Schinz
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 460–1220 m.
crispum A.Meeuse ex P.G.Mey. N, NC
spiniferum C.B.Clarke
cymbiforme Schinz Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.3 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt? N
subcrispum P.G.Mey.
damarense S.Moore = P. variabile var. variabile Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? N
eenii S.Moore = P. canescens variabile (Engl.) C.B.Clarke var. spectabile Mildbr.
engleranum (Schinz) C.B.Clarke Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt? N
P. eurychlamys Mildbr. (5)
P. latifolium (Schinz) C.B.Clarke (5) variabile (Engl.) C.B.Clarke var. variabile
P. ovatum (Schinz) C.B.Clarke (5) P. damarense S.Moore (5)
Pseudobarleria engleriana Schinz (5) P. glutinosum (Engl.) C.B.Clarke (5)
P. incanum (Engl.) Mildbr. (5)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 410–1150 m. N, B Pseudobarleria variabilis Engl. (5)
eurychlamys Mildbr. = P. engleranum Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 320–1200 m. N
giessii P.G.Mey. welwitschii S.Moore
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.8 m. Alt? N Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 700–1200 m. N
DICOTYLEDONS ACANTHACEAE Peristrophe

wilmaniae Oberm. = P. parvifolium aspera (Schinz) E.Phillips

Dinteracanthus asper Schinz (2)
PHAULOPSIS Willd. 7932000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt? N
(1) Manktelow. 1996. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 31,2: 1–184. baurii C.B.Clarke
imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet subsp. imbricata Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt? KZN
P. longifolia Thomson ex C.B.Clarke (1) bignoniiflora S.Moore
Ruellia imbricata Forssk. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–670 m. N
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 15–1370 m. LIM, M,
S, KZN, EC brandbergensis Kers
longifolia Thomson ex C.B.Clarke = P. imbricata subsp. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1000–1400 m. N
imbricata cordata Thunb.
R. ovata C.B.Clarke in part (4)
semiconica P.G.Mey.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 15–1705 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 725–1500 m. N
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
PSEUDERANTHEMUM Radlk. 8024000 currorii T.Anderson
(1) Milne-Redhead. 1936. Kew Bulletin: 255–268. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 610–670 m. N
(2) Edwards & Harrison. 1998. Bothalia 28: 187–190. depressa L. = Dyschoriste depressa
hildebrandtii Lindau depressa L.f. = Aptosimum procumbens
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? KZN diversifolia S.Moore
subviscosum (C.B.Clarke) Stapf Dinteracanthus marlothii (Engl.) Schinz (2)
Eranthemum subviscosum C.B.Clarke (1) R. velutina (Schinz) E.Phillips (2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–1.2 m. Alt Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1.2 m. Alt 350–1850 m. N
5–450 m. KZN imbricata Forssk. = Phaulopsis imbricata subsp. imbricata
malacophylla C.B.Clarke
PSEUDOBARLERIA T.Anderson 7935000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 225–1280 m. LIM, M,
canescens Engl. = Petalidium canescens S, KZN
coccinea (S.Moore) Lindau = Petalidium coccineum otaviensis P.G.Mey.
engleriana Schinz = Petalidium engleranum R. prostrata of author, not of Poir. (2)
glandulifera Lindau = Petalidium rautanenii Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt? N,
lanata Engl. = Petalidium lanatum B, LIM, M, S
linifolia (T.Anderson) Lindau = Petalidium linifolium ovata C.B.Clarke in part = R. cordata
variabilis Engl. = Petalidium variabile var. variabile ovata C.B.Clarke in part = R. pilosa
patula Jacq.
RHINACANTHUS Nees 8054000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 70–1525 m. N, B, LIM,
(1) Balkwill. 1995. FSA 30,3,1: 11–14. NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
communis C.B.Clarke, not of Nees = R. gracilis var. gracilis pilosa L.f.
gracilis Klotzsch var. gracilis R. ovata C.B.Clarke in part (4)
R. communis C.B.Clarke, not of Nees (1) R. zeyheri (Sond.) T.Anderson (4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 5–1065 m. S, KZN, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 155–215 m.
KZN, WC, EC
gracilis Klotzsch var. latilabiatus K.Balkwill
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 50–915 m. KZN, EC prostrata of author, not of Poir. = R. otaviensis
kaokoensis K.Balkwill & S.Williamson radicans Hochst. ex A.Rich. = Dyschoriste radicans
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt? N setigera Pers. = Chaetacanthus setiger
xerophilus A.Meeuse spinescens Thunb. = Aptosimum spinescens
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 305–730 m. LIM, M stenophylla C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 455–1580 m. M, S, KZN
RHYTIGLOSSA Nees 8094060
velutina (Schinz) E.Phillips = R. diversifolia
ciliata Nees = Isoglossa ciliata
woodii C.B.Clarke
eckloniana Nees = Isoglossa eckloniana Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 460–1065 m. KZN
origanoides Nees = Isoglossa origanoides zeyheri (Sond.) T.Anderson = R. pilosa
ovata Nees = Isoglossa ovata
prolixa Nees = Isoglossa prolixa RUELLIOPSIS C.B.Clarke 7946000
(1) Clarke. 1901. FC 5,1: 15.
RUELLIA L. 7965000 (2) Meyer. 1968. FSWA 130: 165.
(1) Clarke. 1901. FC 5,1: 11–15. damarensis S.Moore
(2) Meyer. 1968. FSWA 130: 63–65. Dyschoriste fleckii Schinz (2)
(3) Kers. 1970. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 64: 170–172. Perennial. Herb. Length 0.05–0.25 m. Alt ?–1100 m. N
(4) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 39:
323, 324. setosa (Nees) C.B.Clarke
(5) Meyer. 1973. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München Calophanes setosus Nees (1)
11: 104. Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 320–1680 m.
adhaerens Forssk. = Priva adhaerens N, B, LIM, NW, G, FS, NC
ACANTHACEAE Petalidium DICOTYLEDONS

RUNGIA Nees 8029000 leptantha (Nees) Immelman subsp. late-ovata (C.B.Clarke)

pubinervia T.Anderson = Metarungia pubinervia Immelman
Justicia pulegioides C.B.Clarke subsp. late-ovata C.B.Clarke (1)
RUSPOLIA Lindau 8022000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 15–275 m.
WC, EC
(1) Milne-Redhead. 1936. Kew Bulletin: 268–273.
(2) Bruce. 1954. The Flowering Plants of Africa 30: t. 1166. leptantha (Nees) Immelman subsp. leptantha
Gendarussa leptantha Nees (1)
decurrens (Hochst. ex Nees) Milne-Redh. S. nummularia S.Moore (1)
Eranthemum decurrens Hochst. ex Nees (1) S. tubulosa (Nees) Benth. ex Lindau (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 440–? m. B Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 25–1295 m.
hypocrateriformis (Vahl) Milne-Redh. var. australis Milne-Redh. (2) KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 460–1065 m. B, LIM, M linifolia (Lindau) C.B.Clarke
seticalyx (C.B.Clarke) Milne-Redh. Aulojusticia linifolia Lindau (1)
Eranthemum seticalyx C.B.Clarke (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 1220–1665
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.85 m. Alt? B m. M, S
nkandlaensis Immelman
RUTTYA Harv. 8063000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ?–610 m. KZN, EC
(1) Clarke. 1901. FC 5,1: 55.
nummularia S.Moore = S. leptantha subsp. leptantha
ovata Harv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2 m. Alt 15–1435 m. LIM, M, S, tubulosa (Nees) Benth. ex Lindau = S. leptantha subsp.
KZN, EC leptantha
×RUTTYRUSPOLIA A.Meeuse 8063010 SYNNEMA Benth. 7924000

& de Wet acinos S.Moore = Hygrophila acinos
(1) Meeuse & De Wet. 1961. Bothalia 7: 439–441.
(2) Obermeyer. 1971. The Flowering Plants of Africa 41: t. 1622.
angolense S.Moore = Hygrophila angolensis
‘Phyllis van Heerden’ A.Meeuse & de Wet THUNBERGIA Retz. 7914000
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt ?–920 m. LIM (1) Phillips. 1924. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 4: t. 147.
SALPINCTIUM T.J.Edwards 8007010 (3) Retief & Reyneke. 1984. Bothalia 15: 107–116.
(1) Edwards & Getliffe Norris. 1989. South African Journal of Botany alata Sims (2)
55: 6–10.
(2) Edwards et al. 1993. The Flowering Plants of Africa 52: t. 2077.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 15–1340 m. M,
(3) Edwards et al. 1993. The Flowering Plants of Africa 52: t. 2078. S, KZN
hirsutum T.J.Edwards amoena C.B.Clarke
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 620–1335 m. S Perennial. Herb, creeper. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt 825–1585 m.
LIM, M
natalense (C.B.Clarke) T.J.Edwards (2)
Asystasia natalensis C.B.Clarke (1) aspera Nees = T. atriplicifolia
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt 115–330 m. KZN atriplicifolia E.Mey. ex Nees
stenosiphon (C.B.Clarke) T.J.Edwards (3) T. aspera Nees (3)
Asystasia stenosiphon C.B.Clarke (1) T. bachmannii Lindau (3)
T. cordibracteolata C.B.Clarke (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 435–835 m. EC T. galpinii Lindau (3)
T. hirtistyla C.B.Clarke (3)
SCLEROCHITON Harv. 7978000 T. xanthotricha Lindau (3)
(1) Vollesen. 1991. Kew Bulletin 46: 1–50. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 10–2075 m.
apiculatus Vollesen LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
S. coeruleus of authors, not of (Lindau) S.Moore (1) atriplicifolia E.Mey. ex Nees × T. capensis Retz.
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 5–60 m. KZN Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 15–305 m. EC
coeruleus of authors, not of (Lindau) S.Moore = S. apiculatus aurea N.E.Br.
harveyanus Nees Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 410–950 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 90–1700 m. LIM, M, S, N, B, LIM
KZN, EC bachmannii Lindau = T. atriplicifolia
ilicifolius A.Meeuse capensis Retz.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.75–2 m. Alt 850–1435 m. LIM, M Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 90–1065 m.
odoratissimus Hilliard WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt 550–1525 m. KZN, EC cordibracteolata C.B.Clarke = T. atriplicifolia
sp. A dregeana Nees
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? M Perennial. Herb, creeper. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 5–765 m. S, KZN,
triacanthus A.Meeuse WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.2 m. Alt 900–1200 m. M galpinii Lindau = T. atriplicifolia
SIPHONOGLOSSA Oerst. 8049000 hirtistyla C.B.Clarke = T. atriplicifolia
(1) Immelman. 1995. FSA 30,3,1: 6–10. natalensis Hook. (1)
DICOTYLEDONS ACANTHACEAE Rungia

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt m. M, S, KZN

40–1525 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC purpurata Harv. ex C.B.Clarke
neglecta Sond. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 10–275 m.
Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 50–1675 KZN, EC
m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN venosa C.B.Clarke
pondoensis Lindau Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 665–760 m. KZN
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 70–1200 xanthotricha Lindau = T. atriplicifolia
ACHARIACEAE
Compiled by C.L. Bredenkamp
ACHARIA Thunb. 5375000 Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 5–1615 m.

(1) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 130–132. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
(2) Thorne. 2000. The Botanical Review 66,4: 501.
tragodes Thunb. GUTHRIEA Bolus 5376000
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.19 m. Alt 120–1097 m. EC (1) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 132–134.
CERATIOSICYOS Nees 5374000 capensis Bolus
(1) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 128–130. Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.13 m. Alt up to 3050 m. KZN,
laevis (Thunb.) A.Meeuse L, WC, EC
AIZOACEAE
Compiled by M.C. Makgakga
ACROSANTHES Eckl. & Zeyh. 2400000 galenioides (Fenzl ex Sond.) Friedrich

Aizoon galenioides Fenzl ex Sond. (2)
(1) Adamson. 1959. Journal of South African Botany 25: 23−28.
(2) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany, Suppl. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt? N, WC
vol. 13: 132. hispanicum L.
(3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoaceae, Aizoon hispanicum L. (3)
A−E: 25, 26. Aizoon hispanicum L. var. genuinum Maire (3)
anceps (Thunb.) Sond. Aizoon hispanicum L. var. minus Maire (3)
Aizoon fistulosum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. (1) Aizoon sessiliflorum Moench (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 425–610 m. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt? WC
NC, WC karooicum Compton
angustifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15−0.6 m. Alt 365–1220 m. membrumconnectens Dinter ex Friedrich = A. rehmannii
WC rehmannii (Schinz) H.E.K.Hartmann
A. membrumconnectens Dinter ex Friedrich (3)
humifusa (Thunb.) Sond.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 365–1370 m. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.03 m. Alt? N
N, WC sphingis Dinter ex Friedrich = A. dinteri
microphylla Adamson stellatum Dinter ex Friedrich = A. dinteri
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? WC AIZOON L. 2401000
teretifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Adamson. 1959. Journal of South African Botany 25: 44−47.
Aizoon teretifolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. (3) (2) Friedrich. 1966. FSWA 27: 13−16.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 155–610 m. WC (3) Smith et al. 1966. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa
No. 35: 557.
AIZOANTHEMUM Dinter ex 2401010 (4) Gonçalves. 1978. FZ 4,4: 509, 510.
Friedrich (5) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoaceae,
A–E: 30–33.
(2) Friedrich. 1966. FSWA 27: 11−13. asbestinum Schltr.
(3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. A. burchellii N.E.Br. (2)
Aizoaceae, A–E: 28, 29. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.08 m. Alt 580–1270 m. N, NC
dinteri (Schinz) Friedrich burchellii N.E.Br. = A. asbestinum
A. sphingis Dinter ex Friedrich (3) canariense L.
A. stellatum Dinter ex Friedrich (2) A. canariense L. var. denudatum Sond. (5)
Aizoon dinteri Schinz (2) A. procumbens Crantz (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt up to 1000 m. N A. spathulatum Eckl. & Zeyh. (5)
ACANTHACEAE Thunbergia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 5–1200 m. N, LIM, S, secundum L.f = Galenia secunda
FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC sericeum Fenzl ex Sond. = A rigidum
canariense L. var. denudatum Sond. = A. canariense sessiliflorum Moench = Aizoanthemum hispanicum
contaminatum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Galenia secunda spathulatum Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. canariense
dinteri Schinz = Aizoanthemum dinteri
stellatum Lam. = A. paniculatum
elongatum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Galenia secunda
squamulosum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Galenia squamulosa
fistulosum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. = Acrosanthes anceps
fruticosum G.Schellenb. in part = A. schellenbergii teretifolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. = Acrosanthes teretifolia
fruticosum G.Schellenb. in part = Galenia affinis theurkauffii Maire = Mesembryanthemum cryptanthum
fruticosum G.Schellenb. in part = Galenia fruticosa tomentosum Lam. = A. paniculatum
galenioides Fenzl ex Sond. = Aizoanthemum galenioides virgatum Welw. ex Oliv.
giessii Friedrich Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.35–0.9 m. Alt
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt? N 320–1800 m. N, B
glabrum Luehm. ex Ewart = Gunniopsis glabra zeyheri Sond.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.09 m. Alt? NC, WC
glinoides L.f.
A. hirsutum Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 10–1465 m. GALENIA L. 2399000
WC, EC (1) Adamson. 1956. Journal of South African Botany 22: 87–127.
(2) Friedrich. 1966. FSWA 27: 47−55.
herniarium Rchb. ex Steud. = Galenia herniariaefolia (3) Smith et al. 1966. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa
heterophylla Fenzl ex Sond. = Galenia pubescens var. No. 35: 558.
(4) Bittrich. 1990. Bothalia 20: 217–219.
pubescens (5) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoaceae,
hirsutum Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. glinoides F–Z: 28–34.
hispanicum L. = Aizoanthemum hispanicum aizoides Fenzl ex Sond. = G. secunda
hispanicum L. var. genuinum Maire = Aizoanthemum acutifolia Adamson
hispanicum Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.18 m. Alt? FS, WC
hispanicum L. var. minus Maire = Aizoanthemum his- affinis Sond.
panicum Aizoon fruticosum G.Schellenb. in part (5)
karooicum Compton Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 170–1372 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt? WC LIM, NC, WC
microphyllum Bartl. = Galenia herniariaefolia africana L.
G. africana L. var. halimifolia Fenzl ex Sond. (5)
paniculatum L. G. africana L. var. pentandra Hiern (5)
A. rarum N.E.Br. (5) G. africana L. var. secundata Adamson (5)
A. stellatum Lam. (1) G. linearis Thunb. (5)
A. tomentosum Lam. (1) G. namaensis of author, not of Schinz, misapplied name (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 25–700 m. WC G. tenuifolia Salisb. (5)
papulosum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Galenia papulosa Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt? N, FS, NC, WC, EC
perfoliatum L.f. = Tetragonia decumbens africana L. var. halimifolia Fenzl ex Sond. = G. africana
procumbens Crantz = A. canariense africana L. var. pentandra Hiern = G. africana
propinquum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Galenia secunda africana L. var. secundata Adamson = G. africana
pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. = Galenia pubescens var. pubescens collina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp.
rarum N.E.Br. = A. paniculatum G. humifusa Fenzl ex Sond. (5)
rigidum L.f Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 130–1021 m.
A. rigidum L.f. var. angustifolium Sond. (5) B, NC, WC
A. rigidum L.f. var. villosum Adamson (5) collina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. var. meziana (K.Müll.)
A. sericeum Fenzl ex Sond. (5)
Adamson = G. meziana
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt 5–765 m. WC, EC
rigidum L.f. var. angustifolium Sond. = A. rigidum collina of author, not of (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp., misapplied
name = G. meziana
rigidum L.f. var. villosum Adamson = A. rigidum
contaminata Eckl. & Zeyh. = G. secunda
sarmentosum L.f.
A. sarmentosum L.f. var. hirsutum Eckl. & Zeyh. (5) crystallina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Fenzl var. crystallina
A. sarmentosum L.f. var. strigosum Eckl. & Zeyh. (5) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt 2–915 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 5–765 m. NC, WC N, NC, WC
sarmentosum L.f. var. hirsutum Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. sar- crystallina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Fenzl var. maritima Adamson
mentosum G. namaquensis G.Schellenb. & Schltr. (5)
sarmentosum L.f. var. strigosum Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. sar- Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? WC
mentosum cymosa Adamson
schellenbergii Adamson Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt? NC, WC
A. fruticosum G.Schellenb. in part (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 580–1900 m. dinteri G.Schellenb. = G. meziana
N, B, NC dregeana Fenzl ex Sond.
DICOTYLEDONS AIZOACEAE Aizoon

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt? N, NC papulosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. var. tristyla Kuntze = G.
ecklonis Walp. papulosa
G. glauca Sond. (3) portulacacea Fenzl
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt up to 85 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt? NW, FS, NC
elongata Eckl. & Zeyh. = G. secunda procumbens L.f.
exigua Adamson Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt up to 1585 m. B,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? FS, NC NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
prostrata G.Schellenb.
fallax Pax = G. fruticosa
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt up to 1890 m.
filiformis (Thunb.) N.E.Br. NW, FS, NC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 60–800 m. pruinosa Sond.
NC, WC G. leucoclada G.Schellenb. & Schltr. (5)
fruticosa (L.f.) Sond. G. leucodermis Dinter (5)
Aizoon fruticosum G.Schellenb. in part (5) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.55 m. Alt 120–740 m.
G. fallax Pax (5) N, NC
G. fruticosa (L.f.) Sond. var. prostrata Adamson (5)
G. salsoloides Fenzl ex Sond. (5) pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce var. cerosa Adamson
G. sericea Fenzl ex Sond. (5) = G. pubescens var. pubescens
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 85–1524 m. pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce var. fourcadei Adamson
N, NC, WC, EC = G. pubescens var. pubescens
fruticosa (L.f.) Sond. var. prostrata Adamson = G. fruticosa pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce var. lignosa Adamson = G.
glandulifera Bittrich pubescens var. pubescens
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt? NC, WC pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce var. pallens Adamson = G.
pallens
glauca Sond. = G. ecklonis
pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce var. pubescens
hemisphaerica Adamson Aizoon heterophylla Fenzl ex Sond. (5)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt? N, NC Aizoon pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. (5)
herniariaefolia (C.Presl) Fenzl G. heterophylla Fenzl ex Sond. (5)
G. spathulata Fenzl. ex Sond. (5)
Aizoon herniarium Rchb. ex Steud. (5)
G. pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce var. cerosa Adamson (5)
Aizoon microphyllum Bartl. (5)
G. pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce var. fourcadei Adamson (5)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.75 m. Alt 5–185 m. G. pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce var. lignosa Adamson (5)
WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.03–1.5 m. Alt 15–1830 m.
heterophylla Fenzl ex Sond. = G. pubescens var. pubescens NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
hispidissima Fenzl rigida Adamson
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt? NC, WC
humifusa Fenzl ex Sond. = G. collina salsoloides Fenzl ex Sond. = G. fruticosa
leucoclada G.Schellenb. & Schltr. = G. pruinosa sarcophylla Fenzl
leucodermis Dinter = G. pruinosa Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 40–1435
m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC
linearis Thunb. = G. africana secunda (L.f.) Sond.
meziana K.Müll. Aizoon contaminatum Eckl. & Zeyh. (5)
G. collina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. var. meziana (K.Müll.) Adamson (2) Aizoon elongatum Eckl. & Zeyh. (5)
G. collina of author, not of (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp., misapplied name (2) Aizoon propinquum Eckl. & Zeyh. (5)
G. dinteri G.Schellenb. (5) Aizoon secundum L.f. (5)
G. steingroeveri Engl. (5) G. aizoides Fenzl ex Sond. (5)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.01−0.02 m. Alt up to 270 m. G. contaminata Eckl. & Zeyh. (5)
G. elongata Eckl. & Zeyh. (5)
N, NC, WC, EC G. secunda (L.f) Sond. var. strigulosa Sond. (5)
namaensis Schinz Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 10–1310 m. N,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? N, FS, NC B, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
namaensis of author, not of Schinz, misapplied name = G. secunda (L.f) Sond. var. strigulosa Sond. = G. secunda
africana sericea Fenzl. ex Sond. = G. fruticosa
namaquensis G.Schellenb. & Schltr. = G. crystallina var. spathulata Fenzl. ex Sond. = G. pubescens var. pubescens
crystallina squamulosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Fenzl
Aizoon squamulosum Eckl. & Zeyh. (5)
pallens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp.
G. pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce var. pallens Adamson (5) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt up to 400 m. NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt up to 137 m. EC steingroeveri Engl. = G. meziana
papulosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subcarnosa Adamson
Aizoon papulosum Eckl. & Zeyh. (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.14 m. Alt? NC, EC
G. papulosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. var. microphylla Adamson (2) tenuifolia Salisb. = G. africana
G. papulosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. var. tristyla Kuntze (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 30–1435 m. N, NC, PLINTHUS Fenzl 2398000
WC, EC (1) Verdoorn. 1941. Bothalia 4: 177–179.
(2) Adamson. 1961. Journal of South African Botany 27: 147–151.
papulosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. var. microphylla Adamson (3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
= G. papulosa Aizoaceae, F–Z: 221, 222.
AIZOACEAE Galenia DICOTYLEDONS

cryptocarpus Fenzl acanthocarpa Adamson

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 900–1160 m. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt up to 610 m. FS, KZN, NC
N, B, NC arbuscula Fenzl
karooicus I.Verd. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 30–2380 m.
P. karooicus I.Verd. var. alternifolia Adamson (3) N, FS, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.02–0.3 m. Alt up to 1524 m.
arbusculoides Engl. = T. reduplicata
N, B, NW, FS, EC
karooicus I.Verd. var. alternifolia Adamson = P. karooicus caesia Adamson
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt? WC
laxifolius I.Verd. = P. sericeus
calycina Fenzl
psammophilus Dinter & Adamson = P. rehmannii T. karasmontana Dinter ex Adamson (3)
rehmannii G.Schellenb. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 80–1220 m.
P. psammophilus Dinter & Adamson (3) N, B, NW, FS, NC, WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.24 m. Alt up to 610 m. chenopodioides Eckl. & Zeyh. emended Fenzl
LIM T. macrostylis Schltr. (5)
sericeus Pax Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt up to 45 m. WC, EC
P. laxifolius I.Verd. (3)
cynocrambe Dinter = T. microptera
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 370–1900 m.
N, B, NW, FS, NC decumbens Mill.
Aizoon perfoliatum L.f. (5)
T. obovata Haw. (5)
SESUVIUM L. 2394000 T. perfoliata (L.f) Druce. (5)
(1) Adamson. 1962. Journal of South African Botany 28: 244–246. T. tetrapteris Haw. (5)
(2) Gonçalves. 1965. Garcia de Orto 13: 381. T. zeyheri Fenzl. (5)
(3) Gonçalves. 1970. Conspectus florae angolensis 4: 322–327. Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 2–700 m. N, NC, WC, EC
(4) Gonçalves. 1978. FZ 4,4: 514–516.
(5) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoaceae, distorta Fenzl
F–Z: 296–301. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? NC
crystallinum Welw. ex Oliv. = S. mesembryanthemoides echinata Aiton
digynum Welw. ex Oliv. var. angustifolia Schinz = S. sesu- Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 30–765 m. NC, WC, EC
vioides var. angustifolia erecta Adamson
hydaspicum (Edgew.) Gonç. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt? WC
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 1100 m. B expansa Murray = T. tetragonoides
mesembryanthemoides Wawra & Peyritsch fruticosa L.
S. crystallinum Welw. ex Oliv. (5) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1–1100 m. N
Perennial. Subshrub. Ht 0.006–0.015 m. Alt? N
glauca Fenzl
nyasicum (Baker) Gonç. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt 230–914 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.009 m. Alt? B N, NC, WC
pedunculatum Pers. = S. portulacastrum haworthii Fenzl
portulaca Crantz = S. portulacastrum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt up to 900 m.
portulacastrum (L.) L. NC, WC
S. pedunculatum Pers. (5) herbacea L.
S. portulaca Crantz (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 155 m. WC
S. portulacastrum (L.) L. var. griseum O.Deg. & Fosberg (5)
S. repens Willd. (5) hirsuta L.f.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.08 m. Alt? N Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 30–700 m.
portulacastrum (L.) L. var. griseum O.Deg. & Fosberg NC, WC
= S. portulacastrum karasmontana Dinter ex Adamson = T. calycina
quadrifidum = Gunniopsis quadrifida lasiantha Adamson
repens Willd. = S. portulacastrum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? WC
sesuvioides (Fenzl) Verdc. var. angustifolium (Schinz) Gonç. macroptera Pax
S. digynum Welw. ex Oliv. var. angustifolia Schinz (5) T. cynocrambe Dinter (5)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? N Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? N, NW, NC, WC
sesuvioides (Fenzl) Verdc. var. sesuvioides macrostylis Schltr. = T. chenopodioides
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 100–700 m. N, LIM, microptera Fenzl
NW, G, NC T. cynocrambe Dinter (2)
T. microptera Fenzl var. monosperma Fenzl (5)
T. microptera Fenzl var. platycarpa Adamson (5)
TETRAGONIA L. 2403000 T. microptera Fenzl var. trisperma Fenzl (5)
(1) Adamson. 1955. Journal of the South African Botany 21,3: 109–149. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 580–1042 m. N, NC, WC
(2) Jeffrey. 1961. FTEA Aizoaceae: 32–34.
(3) Friedrich. 1967. FSWA 28: 1–6. microptera Fenzl var. monosperma Fenzl = T. microptera
(4) Gonçalves. 1970. Conspectus florae angolensis. 4: 33. microptera Fenzl var. platycarpa Adamson = T. microptera
(5) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
Aizoaceae, F–Z: 316–328. microptera Fenzl var. trisperma Fenzl = T. microptera
DICOTYLEDONS AIZOACEAE Plinthus

namaquensis Schltr. tetragonoides (Pall.) Kuntze

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 5–640 m. NC, WC T. expansa Murray (2)
T. quadricornis Stokes (5)
nigrescens Eckl. & Zeyh. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.02 m. Alt up to 500 m. KZN
T. nigrescens Fenzl var. hirsuta Fenzl (5)
T. nigrescens Fenzl var. hirta Fenzl (5) tetrapteris Haw. = T. decumbens
T. nigrescens Fenzl var. pruinosa Fenzl (5)
T. nigrescens Fenzl var. maritima Sond. (5)
verrucosa Fenzl
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 76–700 m. NC, WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 30–900 m. N,
NC, WC
nigrescens Fenzl var. hirsuta Fenzl = T. nigrescens
virgata Schltr.
nigrescens Fenzl var. hirta Fenzl = T. nigrescens Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 75–1130 m.
nigrescens Fenzl var. pruinosa Fenzl = T. nigrescens LIM, WC
nigrescens Fenzl var. maritima Sond. = T. nigrescens zeyheri Fenzl = T. decumbens
obovata Haw = T. decumbens
TRIANTHEMA L. 2395000
perfoliata (L.f.) Druce = T. decumbens
pillansii Adamson (2) Friedrich 1966. FSWA 27: 131−133.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.1 m. Alt up to 155 m. NC, WC (3) Gonçalves. 1978. FZ 4,4: 516−520.
portulacoides Fenzl tropicale 1: 89.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 50–820 m. WC
hereroensis Schinz
psiloptera Fenzl = T. robusta var. psiloptera Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 450–1220 m. N
quadricornis Stokes = T. tetragonoides parvifolia E.Mey. ex Sond. var. parvifolia
rangeana Engl. T. triquetra Rottler ex Willd. subsp. parvifolia (Sond.) Jeffrey (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt? N Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 350–1340 m. N, B,
LIM, FS, NC, WC
reduplicata Welw. ex Oliv.
T. arbusculoides Engl. (3) parvifolia E.Mey. ex Sond. var. rubens (Sond.) Adamson
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 400–1705 m. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt? N, B, NC
N, NC, WC pentandra L. = Zaleya pentandra
robusta Fenzl var. psiloptera (Fenzl) Adamson portulacastrum L.
T. psiloptera Fenzl (6) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 575 m. M
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? WC
salsoloides Fenzl ex Oliv. var. salsoloides
robusta Fenzl var. robusta Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 200–1420 m. N, B,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 5–1035 m. NW, L, LIM, NW, M, FS, NC
WC, EC
salsoloides Fenzl ex Oliv. var. stenophylla Adamson
rosea Schltr. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 90–914 m. NC, WC
salsoloides Fenzl ex Oliv. var. transvaalensis (Schinz)
saligna Fenzl Adamson
T. saligna Fenzl var. extrusa Adamson (6)
T. saligna Fenzl var. latifolia Adamson (6) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? B, NW, G, M, FS
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt up to 215 m. triquetra Rottler ex Willd. subsp. parvifolia (Sond.) Jeffrey
NC, WC = T. parvifolia var. parvifolia
saligna Fenzl var. extrusa Adamson = T. saligna triquetra Rottler ex Willd. subsp. triquetra var. triquetra
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2−0.6 m. Alt 270–915 m. N, B, LIM,
saligna Fenzl var. latifolia Adamson = T. saligna
M, FS
sarcophylla Fenzl var. sarcophylla
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 75–600 m. TRIBULOCARPUS S.Moore 2403010
NC, WC (1) Adamson. 1955. Journal of South African Botany 21: 48, 49.
(2) Friedrich. 1967. FSWA 28: 6, 7.
sarcophylla Fenzl var. saxatilis (E.Phillips) Adamson
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt? NC, WC dimorphanthus (Pax) S.Moore
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 300–1200 m.
schenckii (Schinz) Engl.
N, KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 750–1500 m. N
sphaerocarpa Adamson ZALEYA Burm.f. 2395010
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt? WC (1) Jeffrey. 1960. Kew Bulletin 14: 237, 238.
(2) Adamson. 1962. Journal of South African Botany 28: 148, 149.
spicata L.f. var. laxa Adamson (3) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 39: 162.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.9–1 m. Alt 600–920 m. (4) Gonçalves. 1978. FZ 4,4: 520, 521.
NW, NC, WC pentandra (L.) Jeffrey
spicata L.f. var. spicata Trianthema pentandra L. (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 40–1500 m. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 30–1250
N, B, FS, NC, WC m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC
AIZOACEAE Tetragonia DICOTYLEDONS

AMARANTHACEAE
*ACHYRANTHES L. 2328000 pechuelii Kuntze = Calicorema capitata

(1) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 3, 4. persica (Burm.f.) Merr. = A. javanica var. javanica
(2) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 105−109.
tomentosa Forssk. = A. javanica var. javanica
aquatica R.Br. = Centrostachys aquatica
argentea Lam. = A. aspera var. sicula *ALTERNANTHERA Forssk. 2335000
aspera L. var. aspera (1) Burtt Davy. 1926. A manual of the flowering plants and ferns of
A. aspera L. var. obtusifolia (Lam.) Suess. (1) the Transvaal with Swaziland, South Africa 1: 184, 185.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–2 m. Alt 5–1785 m. N, B, LIM, (2) Engler & Prantl. 1934. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 16c: 71−77.
(3) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 5, 6.
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (4) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 124−130.
aspera L. var. obtusifolia (Lam.) Suess. = A. aspera var. aspera (5) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
tropicale 1: 98, 99.
aspera L. var. pubescens (Moq.) C.C.Towns.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 165–1460 m. B, KZN, NC achyrantha R.Br. = A. pungens
aspera L. var. sicula L. caracasana Kunth
A. argentea Lam. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt up to 1363 m. LIM, G, FS
A. sicula (L.) All. (2)
nodiflora R.Br.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.8 m. Alt 5–1950 m. N, B, LIM, A. sessilis L. var. nodiflora (R.Br.) Kuntze (2)
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 15–1500 m. N, B,
atropurpurea Lam. = Pupalia lappacea var. lappacea G, S, FS, KZN, L
avicularis E.Mey. ex Moq. = Achyropsis avicularis pungens Kunth
carsonii Baker = Pandiaka carsonii var. carsonii Achyranthes repens L. (3)
A. achyrantha R.Br. (1)
corymbosa L. = Polycarpaea corymbosa var. corymbosa A. repens in sense of (L.) Link, not of J.F.Gmel. (3)
cylindrica Bojer = Cyathula cylindrica var. cylindrica Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 90–2000 m. N, B, G, S, FS,
lanata L. = Aerva lanata KZN
lappacea L. = Pupalia lappacea var. lappacea repens in sense of (L.) Link, not of J.F.Gmel. = A. pungens
repens L. = Alternanthera pungens sessilis (L.) DC.
sicula (L.) All. = A. aspera var. sicula Gomphrena sessilis L. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 5–1370 m. N, B, LIM,
ACHYROPSIS (Moq.) Hook.f. 2328020 G, M, FS, KZN, NC
(1) Cooke & Wright. 1912. FC 5,1: 429−431. sessilis L. var. nodiflora (R.Br.) Kuntze = A. nodiflora
(2) Townsend. 1980. Kew Bulletin 34: 431−433.
(3) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 110−115. AMARANTHUS L. 2299000
avicularis (E.Mey. ex Moq.) T.Cooke & C.H.Wright (1) Suessenguth. 1951. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
Achyranthes avicularis E.Mey. ex Moq. (1) München 1: 143−145.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.45–1.8 m. Alt 15–1065 m. LIM, KZN (2) Brenan. 1961. Watsonia 4: 27.
(3) Gusev. 1972. Botanische Zurnal 57: 462.
leptostachya (E.Mey. ex Meisn.) Baker & C.B.Clarke (4) Brenan. 1981. Journal of South African Botany 47,3: 451−492.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 5–1465 m. B, LIM, (5) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 45−60.
NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC angustifolius in sense of Adamson, misapplied name = A.
praetermissus
AERVA Forssk. 2317000
(1) Cooke & Wright. 1912. FC 5,1: 425−427.
*blitoides S.Watson
(2) Engler & Prantl. 1934. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 16c: 50−52. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt? NC
(3) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 93−97. blitum in sense of T.Cooke & C.H.Wright in part, as for specimen
ambigua Moq. = A. leucura Galpin 2015, not of L., misapplied name = A. capensis
desertorum Engl. = Arthraerua leubnitziae subsp. capensis
blitum in sense of T.Cooke & C.H.Wright in part, as for specimen
javanica (Burm.f.) Juss. ex Schult. var. javanica
A. persica (Burm.f.) Merr. (3) Zeyher 1438, not of L., misapplied name = A. schinzianus
A. tomentosa Forssk. (3) capensis Thell. subsp. capensis
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 850–1100 m. B A. blitum in sense of T.Cooke & C.H.Wright in part, as for specimen
Galpin 2015, not of L., misapplied name (4)
lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult. Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.02 m. Alt 425–1935 m. M, NC, EC
Achyranthes lanata L. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt 60–1097 m. G, KZN capensis Thell. subsp. uncinatus (Thell.) Brenan
A. dinteri Schinz var. uncinatus Thell. (4)
leubnitziae Kuntze = Arthraerua leubnitziae Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.03 m. Alt? FS
leucura Moq. *caudatus L.
A. ambigua Moq. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 152–1650 m. N, B, Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? Distr.?
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC cruentus L. = A. hybridus subsp. cruentus
DICOTYLEDONS AMARANTHACEAE *Achyranthes

*deflexus L. thunbergii Moq.

A. viridis in sense of T.Cooke & C.H.Wright, not of L., misapplied name (4) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1–2685 m. N, B, LIM, NW,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 5–1280 m. N, G, FS, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
L, WC, EC
thunbergii in sense of Suess. & Podlech, misapplied name
dinteri Schinz subsp. brevipetiolatus Brenan = A. praetermissus
Annual. Herb. Ht 1–4 m. Alt? FS *viridis L.
dinteri Schinz subsp. dinteri var. a A. gracilis Desf. (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 546–1370 m. N, B, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.75 m. Alt 5–1330 m. G, M, FS,
NW, M, FS, NC, WC, EC WC, EC
dinteri Schinz subsp. dinteri var. b viridis in sense of T.Cooke & C.H.Wright, not of L., misapplied
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt up to 1700 m. N, NC name = A. deflexus
dinteri Schinz var. uncinatus Thell. = A. capensis subsp. vulgatissimus in sense of Thell., not of Speg., misapplied
uncinatus name = A. standleyanus
*dubius Mart. ex Thell. ARTHRAERUA (Kuntze) Schinz 2320000
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt up to 20 m. KZN (1) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 9.
gracilis Desf. = A. viridis
leubnitziae (Kuntze) Schinz
*hybridus L. subsp. cruentus (L.) Thell. Aerva desertorum Engl. (1)
A. cruentus L. (4) Aerva leubnitziae Kuntze (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.82 m. Alt 650–1635 m. LIM, NW, Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 50–160 m. N
G, M, FS, KZN
*hybridus L. subsp. hybridus var. erythrostachys Moq. BERZELIA Mart. 2293010
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt up to 1355 m. LIM, G, M, glauca (Wendl.) Mart. = Hermbstaedtia glauca
S, KZN, EC
*hybridus L. subsp. hybridus var. hybridus BRAYULINEA Small 2330000
A. paniculatus in sense of T.Cooke & C.H.Wright, misapplied name (4) densa (Willd.) Small = Guilleminea densa
A. powellii S.Watson (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–4.36 m. Alt 5–2550 m. N, B, LIM, CALICOREMA Hook.f. 2325000
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (1) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 10.
*lividus L. subsp. polygonoides (Moq.) Probst (insufficiently capitata (Moq.) Hook.f.
known) Aerva pechuelii Kuntze (1)
Euxolus viridus (L.) Moq. var. polygonoides Moq. (4) Sericocoma capitata Moq. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN, ‘CP’ Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–2 m. Alt 400–1500 m.
*muricatus (Moq.) Hieron. N, NC
Euxolus muricatus Moq. (4) squarrosa (Schinz) Schinz
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt up to 300 m. G, WC Sericocoma squarrosa Schinz (1)
paniculatus in sense of T.Cooke & C.H.Wright, misapplied Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–3 m. Alt 440–2257 m.
name = A. hybridus subsp. hybridus var. hybridus N, NC
powellii S.Watson = A. hybridus subsp. hybridus var. hybridus CELOSIA L. 2292000
praetermissus Brenan (1) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1236.
A. angustifolius in sense of Adamson, misapplied name (4) (2) Townsend. 1975. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 38: 1–12.
A. schinzianus in sense of Suess. & Podlech, misapplied name (4) (3) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 30−39.
A. thunbergii in sense of Suess. & Podlech, misapplied name (4) (4) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 350–975 m. N, B, LIM, tropicale 1: 100, 101.
M, FS, NC *argentea L. forma argentea
C. debilis S.Moore (2)
*retroflexus L. var. delilei (Richter & Loret) Thell.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt? KZN Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt? NW
argenteiformis (Schinz) Schinz = Hermbstaedtia argentei-
*retroflexus L. var. retroflexus
formis
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt? KZN
debilis S.Moore = C. argentea forma argentea
schinzianus in sense of Suess. & Podlech, misapplied name
= A. praetermissus digyna Suess. = C. trigyna
falcata Lopr. = Hermbstaedtia linearis
schinzianus Thell.
A. blitum in sense of T.Cooke & C.H.Wright in part, as for specimen fleckii Schinz = Hermbstaedtia fleckii
Zeyher 1438, not of L., misapplied name (4) glauca J.C.Wendl. = Hermbstaedtia glauca
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.5 m. Alt 600–940 m. N, B, humilis Suess. = Hermbstaedtia fleckii
FS, NC, WC
intermedia Schinz = Hermbstaedtia spathulifolia
*spinosus L.
linearis (Schinz) Schinz = Hermbstaedtia linearis
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt 5–1365 m. N, B, LIM,
NW, G, M, S, KZN longistyla (C.B.Clarke) Suess. = Hermbstaedtia argentei-
formis
*standleyanus Parodi ex Covas
A. vulgatissimus in sense of Thell., not of Speg., misapplied name (4) namaensis Schinz = Hermbstaedtia fleckii
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt? FS odorata Burch. = Hermbstaedtia odorata var. odorata
AMARANTHACEAE Amaranthus DICOTYLEDONS

recurva Burch. = Hermbstaedtia odorata var. odorata orthacantha (Hochst. ex Asch.) Schinz
Pupalia orthacantha Hochst. ex Asch. (4)
scabra (Schinz) Schinz = Hermbstaedtia scabra
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 795–1310 m. N, B, LIM
schaeferi Schinz = Hermbstaedtia schaeferi
spathulata Schinz = C. natalensis
schinzii (C.B.Clarke) Suess. = Hermbstaedtia linearis
spathulifolia Lopr. = C. natalensis
spathulifolia Engl. = Hermbstaedtia spathulifolia
strigosa Suess.
trigyna L. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt? N
C. digyna Suess. (2)
C. trigyna L. var. longistyla Suess. incl. subvar. convexa Suess. and uncinulata (Schrad.) Schinz
filamentosa Suess. (2) C. globulifera Moq. (2)
C. triloba E.Mey. ex Meisn. (2) Desmochaeta uncinulata Hiern (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 0–1000 m. N, B, LIM, Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 80–2200 m.
M, S, KZN, EC LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
trigyna L. var. longistyla Suess. incl. subvar. convexa Suess. DESMOCHAETA DC. 2314010
and filamentosa Suess. = C. trigyna
atropurpurea DC. = Pupalia lappacea var. lappacea
triloba E.Mey. ex Meisn. = C. trigyna
uncinulata Hiern = Cyathula uncinulata
CENTEMA Hook.f. 2311000
(1) Cooke & Wright. 1912. FC 5,1: 418, 419.
EUXOLUS Raf. 2299000
(2) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 70−72. muricatus Moq. = Amaranthus muricatus
cruciata Schinz = Kyphocarpa cruciata viridus (L.) Moq. var. polygonoides Moq. = Amaranthus
subfusca (Moq.) T.Cooke lividus L. subsp. polygonoides
Pupalia subfusca Moq. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 25–185 m. LIM, S, KZN *GOMPHRENA L. 2338000
(1) Burtt Davy. 1926. A manual of the flowering plants and ferns of
CENTROSTACHYS Wall. 2328030 the Transvaal with Swaziland, South Africa 1: 185.
(2) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 15, 16.
(1) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 109, 110.
(3) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 130−133.
aquatica (R.Br.) Wall. ex Moq.
Achyranthes aquatica R.Br. (1) celosioides Mart.
G. celosioides Mart. forma villosa Suess. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt? B G. decumbens Jacq. (1)
CYATHULA Blume 2312000 LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
(1) Cooke & Wright. 1912. FC 5,1: 419−422
(2) Engler & Prantl. 1934. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 16c: 46, 47. celosioides Mart. forma villosa Suess. = G. celosioides
(3) Suessenguth. 1951. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung decumbens Jacq. = G. celosioides
München 1: 147.
(4) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 13−15. globosa L.
(5) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 79−87. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt up to 90 m. G, M
albida Lopr. = C. cylindrica var. cylindrica sessilis L. = Alternanthera sessilis
angustifolia Moq. = Kyphocarpa angustifolia
crispa Schinz = C. lanceolata *GUILLEMINEA Kunth 2330010
(1) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 122−124.
cylindrica Moq. var. cylindrica (2) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
Achyranthes cylindrica Bojer (2) tropicale 1: 102.
C. albida Lopr. (5)
Pupalia alopecurus Fenzl ex Drège (1) densa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Moq.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 225–2210 m. N, LIM, Brayulinea densa (Willd.) Small (1)
Illecebrum densum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. (1)
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 95–1800 m. N, B, LIM,
deserti (N.E.Br.) Suess. = C. lanceolata
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
globulifera Moq. = C. uncinulata
hereroensis Schinz = C. lanceolata HERMBSTAEDTIA Rchb. 2293000
lanceolata Schinz (1) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1236.
C. crispa Schinz (5) (2) Meeuse. 1961. Kirkia 2: 162−171.
C. deserti (N.E.Br.) Suess. (4) (3) Townsend. 1982. Kew Bulletin 37,1: 82−90.
C. hereroensis Schinz (5) (4) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 39−45.
C. lanceolata Schinz var. scabrida Schinz (4) angolensis C.B.Clarke
Pandiaka lanceolata (Schinz) C.B.Clarke (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.75 m. Alt? N
LIM, FS argenteiformis Schinz
Celosia argenteiformis (Schinz) Schinz (3)
lanceolata Schinz var. scabrida Schinz = C. lanceolata Celosia longistyla (C.B.Clarke) Suess. (3)
natalensis Sond. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.22–0.6 m. Alt 200–2000 m. N
C. spathulata Schinz (2)
C. spathulifolia Lopr. (2) caffra (Meisn.) Moq.
Pupalia natalensis Sond. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.35–0.65 m. Alt 0–300 m. KZN
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.4 m. Alt up to 1100 m. LIM, capitata Schinz
KZN Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.14 m. Alt? LIM
DICOTYLEDONS AMARANTHACEAE Celosia

damarensis C.B.Clarke = H. odorata var. odorata KYPHOCARPA (Fenzl) Lopr. 2309000

elegans Moq. = H. odorata var. odorata (1) Cooke & Wright. 1912. FC 5,1: 414−416.
(2) Schinz. 1912. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft
elegans Moq. var. aurantiaca Suess. = H. odorata var. auran- in Zürich 57: 539.
tiaca (3) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 17.
(4) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 62−64.
fleckii (Schinz) Baker & C.B.Clarke
Celosia fleckii Schinz (3) angustifolia (Moq.) Lopr.
Celosia humilis Suess. (3) Cyathula angustifolia Moq. (3)
Celosia namaensis Schinz (3) K. zeyheri (Moq.) Lopr. (4)
Sericocoma angustifolia (Moq.) Hook.f. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt up to 915 m. N, B, Sericocoma hereroensis Suess. & Beyerle (3)
LIM, NW, NC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt 45–2000 m. N, B, LIM,
glauca (J.C.Wendl.) Rchb. ex Steud. NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC
Berzelia glauca (J.C.Wendl.) Mart. (3) cruciata (Schinz) Schinz
Celosia glauca J.C.Wendl. (3) Centema cruciata Schinz (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt 200–1100 m. N, NC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt 425–1310 m. N, B, LIM
laxiflora Lopr. = H. odorata var. odorata quadrangula (Engl.) C.B.Clarke = Nelsia quadrangula
linearis Schinz trichinoides (Fenzl) Lopr.
Celosia falcata Lopr. (3) Sericocoma chrysurus Meisn. (1)
Celosia linearis (Schinz) Schinz (3) Sericocoma trichinoides Fenzl (1)
Celosia schinzii (C.B.Clarke) Suess. (3) Trichinium chrysurus Meisn. ex Moq. (1)
H. schinzii C.B.Clarke (3) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.35–0.6 m. Alt 5–55 m. KZN
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.35 m. Alt 30–1800 m. N, B zeyheri in sense of Lopr., misapplied name = Sericocoma
odorata (Burch.) T.Cooke var. albi-rosea Suess. avolans
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, NW zeyheri (Moq.) Lopr. = K. angustifolia
odorata (Burch.) T.Cooke var. aurantiaca (Suess.) C.C.Towns.
H. elegans Moq. var. aurantiaca Suess. (3) LEUCOSPHAERA Gilg 2313000
(1) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 17, 18.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 0–300 m. KZN (2) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 72−74.
odorata (Burch.) T.Cooke var. odorata bainesii (Hook.f.) Gilg
Celosia odorata Burch. (3) L. pfeilii Gilg (1)
Celosia recurva Burch. (3) Marcellia bainesii (Hook.f.) C.B.Clarke (1)
H. damarensis C.B.Clarke (3) Sericocoma bainesii Hook.f. (1)
H. elegans Moq. (2) Sericocomopsis bainesii (Hook.f.) Schinz (1)
H. laxiflora Lopr. (2)
H. recurva (Burch.) C.B.Clarke (2)
H. rubromaginata C.H.Wright (2) N, B, LIM, NC
H. tetrastigma Suess. (2) pfeilii Gilg = L. bainesii
H. transvaalensis Gand., illegitimate name (2)
H. transvaalensis Lopr. (2) MARCELLIA Baill. 2308010
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 12–1650 m. N, B, bainesii (Hook.f.) C.B.Clarke = Leucosphaera bainesii
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC denudata (Hook.f.) Lopr. = Marcelliopsis denudata
ovata Dinter = H. scabra dinteri Schinz = Marcelliopsis denudata
recurva (Burch.) C.B.Clarke = H. odorata var. odorata sericea (Schinz) C.B.Clarke = Sericorema sericea
rogersii Burtt Davy splendens Schinz = Marcelliopsis splendens
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt? LIM welwitschii (Hook.f.) Lopr. = Marcelliopsis welwitschii
rubromaginata C.H.Wright = H. odorata var. odorata
MARCELLIOPSIS Schinz 2308000
scabra Schinz (1) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 18, 19.
Celosia scabra (Schinz) Schinz (3)
H. ovata Dinter (3) denudata (Hook.f.) Schinz
Marcellia denudata (Hook.f.) Lopr. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.1 m. Alt 45–945 m. N, B Marcellia dinteri Schinz (1)
schaeferi (Schinz) Schinz & Dinter Sericocoma denudata Hook.f. (1)
Celosia schaeferi Schinz (3) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 700–1200 m. N
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt ?–1000 m. B, NC splendens (Schinz) Schinz
schinzii C.B.Clarke = H. linearis Marcellia splendens Schinz (1)
spathulifolia (Engl.) Baker Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.45–0.8 m. Alt? N
Celosia intermedia Schinz (2) welwitschii (Hook.f.) Schinz
Celosia spathulifolia Engl. (3) Marcellia welwitschii (Hook.f.) Lopr. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 0–700 m. N Sericocoma welwitschii Hook.f. (1)
tetrastigma Suess. = H. odorata var. odorata Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt ± 1163 m. N
transvaalensis Gand. = H. odorata var. odorata NELSIA Schinz 2309020
transvaalensis Lopr. = H. odorata var. odorata (1) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 19, 20.
(2) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 65−67.
quadrangula (Engl.) Schinz
ILLECEBRUM L. 2335010 Kyphocarpa quadrangula (Engl.) C.B.Clarke (1)
Sericocoma quadrangula Engl. (1)
densum Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. = Guilleminea densa Sericocomopsis quadrangula (Engl.) Lopr. (1)
AMARANTHACEAE Hermbstaedtia DICOTYLEDONS

Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt 450–1850 m. N, B angustifolia (Moq.) Hook.f. = Kyphocarpa angustifolia
avolans Fenzl
NOTHOSAERVA Wight 2318000 Kyphocarpa zeyheri in sense of Lopr., misapplied name (1)
(1) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 97−99. S. zeyheri Engl. (1)
brachiata (L.) Wight Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.7 m. Alt 400–1220 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.45 m. Alt up to 520 m. KZN N, NW, NC, WC, EC
bainesii Hook.f. = Leucosphaera bainesii
PANDIAKA (Moq.) Hook.f. 2328010 capitata Moq. = Calicorema capitata
(1) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 20.
(2) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 115−122. chrysurus Meisn. = Kyphocarpa trichinoides
carsonii (Baker) C.B.Clarke var. carsonii denudata Hook.f. = Marcelliopsis denudata
Achyranthes carsonii Baker (1) hereroensis Suess. & Beyerle = Kyphocarpa angustifolia
heterochiton Lopr.
heterochiton (Lopr.) C.B.Clarke = Sericocoma heterochiton Pandiaka heterochiton (Lopr.) C.B.Clarke (2)
lanceolata (Schinz) C.B.Clarke = Cyathula lanceolata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt up to 2380 m.
N, NC
PSILOTRICHUM Blume 2324000 namaensis Suess. = S. pungens
(1) Baker & Clarke. 1909. FTA 6: 58.
(2) Verdcourt. 1964. Kew Bulletin 17: 492. pungens Fenzl
(3) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 101−105. S. namaensis Suess. (2)
africanum Oliv. = P. scleranthum N, NC
scleranthum Thwaites quadrangula Engl. = Nelsia quadrangula
P. africanum Oliv. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 15–490 m. remotiflora Hook.f. = Sericorema remotiflora
LIM, M, KZN squarrosa Schinz = Calicorema squarrosa
trichinoides Fenzl = Kyphocarpa trichinoides
PUPALIA Juss. 2314000 welwitschii Hook.f. = Marcelliopsis welwitschii
(1) Cooke & Wright. 1912. FC 5,1: 422−424.
(2) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 20, 21.
zeyheri Engl. = S. avolans
(3) Townsend. 1979. Kew Bulletin 34,1: 131−142.
(4) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 88−93. SERICOCOMOPSIS Schinz 2306000
alopecurus Fenzl ex Drège = Cyathula cylindrica var. bainesii (Hook.f.) Schinz = Leucosphaera bainesii
cylindrica quadrangula (Engl.) Lopr. = Nelsia quadrangula
atropurpurea (Lam.) Moq. = P. lappacea var. lappacea
SERICOREMA (Hook.f.) Lopr. 2307000
lappacea (L.) A.Juss. var. lappacea (1) Cooke & Wright. 1912. FC 5,1: 412.
Achyranthes atropurpurea Lam. (4)
(2) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 22, 23.
Achyranthes lappacea L. (4)
(3) Townsend. 1988. FZ 9,1: 67−70.
Desmochaeta atropurpurea DC. (4)
P. atropurpurea (Lam.) Moq. (4) remotiflora (Hook.f.) Lopr.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 2–1705 m. N, B, LIM, Pupalia remotiflora Moq. (1)
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC Sericocoma remotiflora Hook.f. (1)
Trichinium remotiflorum Hook. (1)
micrantha Hauman Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 135–1430 m. N, B, LIM,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt? B NW, G, M, FS, NC
natalensis Sond. = Cyathula natalensis sericea (Schinz) Lopr.
orthacantha Hochst. ex Asch. = Cyathula orthacantha Marcellia sericea (Schinz) C.B.Clarke (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 795–1370 m. N, B, LIM,
remotiflora Moq. = Sericorema remotiflora
NW, M, NC
subfusca Moq. = Centema subfusca
TRICHINIUM Moq. 2321000
SERICOCOMA Fenzl 2305000 chrysurus Meisn. ex Moq. = Kyphocarpa trichinoides
(1) Cooke & Wright. 1912. FC 5,1: 416−418.
(2) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 33: 21, 22. remotiflorum Hook. = Sericorema remotiflora
ANACARDIACEAE
Compiled by R.H. Archer & E. Retief
*ANACARDIUM L. 4546000 Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–10 m. Alt ?–155 m. KZN

(1) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1966. FZ 2: 551.
(2) Kokwaro. 1986. FTEA Anacardiaceae: 2, 3. ANAPHRENIUM E.Mey. 4589020
occidentale L. crassinervium (Engl.) Engl. = Ozoroa crassinervia
DICOTYLEDONS AMARANTHACEAE Nelsia

BOTRYCERAS Willd. 4587010 L. kirkii Burtt Davy (3)

L. stuhlmannii (Engl.) Engl. (3)
laurinum Willd. = Laurophyllus capensis Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–18 m. Alt 30–1370 m. LIM, M, S
schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. var. tomentosa (Dunkley)
HARPEPHYLLUM Bernh. 4562000 Kokwaro
(1) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1966. FZ 2: 555–557. L. stuhlmannii (Engl.) Engl. var. tomentosa Dunkley (3)
caffrum Bernh. Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 1050–1200 m. N, B
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–15 m. Alt 15–1400 m. LIM, M, S, stuhlmannii (Engl.) Engl. = L. schweinfurthii var.
KZN, EC stuhlmannii
stuhlmannii (Engl.) Engl. var. tomentosa Dunkley = L.
HEERIA Meisn. 4589000 schweinfurthii var. tomentosa
(1) Fernandes 1965. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, sér. 2, 38: 150, 151. zastrowiana Engl. & Brehmer
(2) Moffett. 1993. FSA 19: 120. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt ± 1550 m. N
argentea (Thunb.) Meisn. LAUROPHYLLUS Thunb. 4587000
Rhus thunbergii (Thunb.) Hook. (2)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 10–990 m. WC (1) Thunberg. 1792. Nova genera plantarum: 104.
(2) Sonder. 1860. FC 1: 524.
aromatica Dinter = Ozoroa crassinervia capensis Thunb.
concolor (C.Presl) Kuntze = Ozoroa concolor Botryceras laurinum Willd. (1)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 50–1220 m. WC
crassinervia Engl. = Ozoroa crassinervia
dinteri Schinz = Ozoroa crassinervia LOXOSTYLIS A.Spreng. ex Rchb. 4586000
dispar (C.Presl) Kuntze = Ozoroa dispar (1) Killick. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 39: t. 1536.
alata A.Spreng. ex Rchb.
hereroensis Schinz = Ozoroa hereroensis Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 90–1350 m. KZN,
insignis (Delile) Kuntze var. reticulata Baker f. = Ozoroa WC, EC
insignis subsp. reticulata
longipes Engl. & Gilg = Ozoroa longipes
*MANGIFERA L. 4545000
(1) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1966. FZ 2: 552.
mucronata Bernh. = Ozoroa mucronata (2) Kokwaro. 1986. FTEA Anacardiaceae: 3.
namaensis Schinz & Dinter = Ozoroa namaensis indica L.
rangeana Engl. = Ozoroa dispar Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 5–20 m. Alt ?–457 m. LIM, M, S,
KZN
reticulata (Baker f.) Engl. = Ozoroa insignis subsp. reticulata
schinzii Engl. = Ozoroa schinzii ODINA Engl. 4563010
discolor Sond. = Lannea discolor
LANNEA A.Rich. 4563000 edulis Sond. = Lannea edulis var. edulis
(1) Dyer. 1948. The Flowering Plants of Africa 27: t. 1043.
(2) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1966. FZ 2: 557–567. OZOROA Delile 4589010
(3) Kokwaro & Gillett. 1980. Kew Bulletin 34: 748–753. (1) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1965. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, sér.
(4) Kokwaro. 1986. FTEA Anacardiaceae: 10–27. 2, 38: 150–183.
(2) Fernandes. 1966. Garcia da Orta 14: 19–60.
discolor (Sond.) Engl. (3) Merxmüller & Schreiber. 1968. FSWA 74: 1–16.
Odina discolor Sond. (2) (4) Kokwaro & Gillett. 1980. Kew Bulletin 34: 745–183.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.75–12 m. Alt 305–1480 m. N, B, LIM, (5) Kokwaro. 1986. FTEA Anacardiaceae: 4–10.
NW, G, M, S (6) Retief. 1990. Bothalia 20: 219–221.
(7) Von Teichman & Van Wyk. 1994. Annals of Botany 73: 175–184.
edulis (Sond.) Engl. var. edulis (8) Von Breitenbach et al. 2001. Pocket guide of indigenous trees of
Odina edulis Sond. (2) southern Africa: 113–115.
albicans R.Fern. & A.Fern.
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1400–1500 m. LIM
edulis (Sond.) Engl. var. glabrescens (Engl.) Burtt Davy = L. barbertonensis Retief
gossweileri subsp. tomentella Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 800–1200
gossweileri Exell & Mendonça subsp. gossweileri m. M
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1300–1450 m. cinerea (Engl.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. (insufficiently known) (1)
N, B
concolor (C.Presl ex Sond.) De Winter
gossweileri Exell & Mendonça subsp. tomentella (R.Fern. Heeria concolor (C.Presl) Kuntze (1)
& A.Fern.) J.B.Gillett Rhus concolor C.Presl (3)
L. edulis (Sond.) Engl. var. glabrescens (Engl.) Burtt Davy (3) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt 150–380 m. N, NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1400–1600 m. crassinervia (Engl.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
LIM, G? Anaphrenium crassinervium (Engl.) Engl. (3)
Heeria aromatica Dinter (3)
kirkii Burtt Davy = L. schweinfurthii var. stuhlmannii Heeria crassinervia Engl. (3)
schweinfurthii (Engl.) Engl. var. stuhlmannii (Engl.) Heeria dinteri Schinz (8)
Kokwaro Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 505–1850 m. N, NC
ANACARDIACEAE Botryceras DICOTYLEDONS

dispar (C.Presl) R.Fern. & A.Fern. Rhus longifolia (Bernh.) Sond. (1)
Heeria dispar (C.Presl) Kuntze (3) Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–18 m. Alt 12–1980 m. LIM,
Heeria rangeana Engl. (3) M, S, KZN, EC
O. rangeana (Engl.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. (3)
Rhus dispar C.Presl (3) namaquensis Sprague = Ozoroa namaquensis
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 165–1065 m. N,
NC, WC RHUS L. 4594000
engleri R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2) Moffett. 1993. FSA 19: 1–129.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 30–1740 m. LIM, (3) Moffett & Ward-Hilhorst. 1994. Flowering Plants of Africa 53: 36–41,
M, S, KZN t. 2088.
(4) Moffett. 1999. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 130: 37–42.
hereroensis (Schinz) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
Heeria hereroensis Schinz (1) acocksii Moffett
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt ± 1100 m. N Perennial. Scandent shrub or climber. Ht 1–? m. Alt?
insignis Delile subsp. latifolia (Engl.) R.Fern. var. lati- KZN, EC
folia africana in sense of many authors, not of Mill., misapplied
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–6 m. Alt 400–1200 m. N name = R. scytophylla var. scytophylla
insignis Delile subsp. reticulata (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett africana Mill. = R. lucida forma lucida
Heeria insignis (Delile) Kuntze var. reticulata Baker f. (4)
Heeria reticulata (Baker f.) Engl. (4)
africana Mill. var. macrophylla Sond. = R. scytophylla var.
O. reticulata (Baker f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. (4) scytophylla
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–8 m. Alt 245–1525 m. N, B albomarginata Sond.
longipes (Engl. & Gilg) R.Fern. & A.Fern. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 300–460 m. EC
Heeria longipes Engl. & Gilg (3) amerina Meikle = R. leptodictya
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 379–1220 m. N, B
angustifolia L.
mucronata (Bernh.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. Perennial. Tree, shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1.5(–4) m. Alt
Heeria mucronata Bernh. (1)
30–950 m. NC, WC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.2–5 m. Alt 60–460 m. EC
batophylla Codd
namaensis (Schinz & Dinter) R.Fern. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 650–975 m. LIM
Heeria namaensis Schinz & Dinter (3)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–3.5 m. Alt 120–1450 m. N, NC baurii Schönland = R. pyroides var. pyroides
namaquensis (Sprague) Von Teichman & A.E.van Wyk bolusii Sond. ex Engl.
Protorhus namaquensis Sprague (7) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–2(–5) m. Alt 1000–1830 m. FS,
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt ± 680 m. N, NC L, EC
obovata (Oliv.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. elliptica R.Fern. burchellii Sond. ex Engl.
& A.Fern. (interm. hybrid with O. engleri) R. undulata Jacq. var. burchellii (Sond.) Schönland (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–9 m. Alt 15–1000 m. R. undulata Jacq. var. tricrenata (Engl.) R.Fern. (2)
LIM? M? Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.25–5 m. Alt 60–2000 m. N,
obovata (Oliv.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. obovata FS, L, NC, WC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–9 m. Alt 15–80 m. KZN burkeana Sond. = R. magalismontana subsp. magalis-
okavangensis R.Fern. & A.Fern. montana
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt ± 1140 m. N carnosula Schönland
R. carnosula Schönland var. parvifolia Schönland (2)
paniculosa (Sond.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. paniculosa
Rhus paniculosa Sond. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub. Ht 0.25–1.5 m. Alt 30–
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–10 m. Alt 15–2400 m. N, B, 1100 m. KZN, EC
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN carnosula Schönland var. parvifolia Schönland = R. car-
paniculosa (Sond.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. salicina nosula
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–10 m. Alt 15–2400 m. N, B, chirindensis Baker f.
LIM, NW, G, M R. chirindensis Baker f. forma legatii (Schönland) R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
R. legatii Schönland (2)
rangeana (Engl.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. = O. dispar
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–23 m. Alt 5–1980 m. LIM,
reticulata (Baker f.) R.Fern. & A.Fern. = O. insignis subsp. M, S, KZN, WC, EC
reticulata
chirindensis Baker f. forma legatii (Schönland) R.Fern.
schinzii (Engl.) R.Fern. & A.Fern.
Heeria schinzii Engl. (3) & A.Fern. = R. chirindensis
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 1060–1140 m. ciliata in sense of Schönland in part, not of Licht. ex
N Schult., misapplied name = R. tridactyla
sphaerocarpa R.Fern. & A.Fern. ciliata Licht. ex Schult.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–7 m. Alt 152–1300 m. LIM, R. ciliata Licht. ex Schult. forma fastigiata Schönland (2)
R. ciliata Licht. ex Schult. forma lepidota Burtt Davy (2)
G, M, S, KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt 273–1650 m. N, B,
PROTORHUS Engl. 4576000 NW, FS, NC
(1) Engler. 1881. Botanische Jahrbücher 1: 420–422. ciliata Licht. ex Schult. forma fastigiata Schönland = R. ciliata
longifolia (Bernh.) Engl. ciliata Licht. ex Schult. forma lepidota Burtt Davy = R. ciliata
DICOTYLEDONS ANACARDIACEAE Ozoroa

cinerea R.Fern. & A.Fern. = R. magalismontana subsp. magalis- dispar C.Presl = Ozoroa dispar
montana dissecta Thunb.
coddii R.Fern. & A.Fern. = R. magalismontana subsp. coddii R. dissecta Thunb. var. obovata Schönland (2)
R. dissecta Thunb. var. pinnatifida Schönland (2)
commiphoroides Engl. & Gilg = R. tenuinervis var. tenuinervis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 30–1065
concolor C.Presl = Ozoroa concolor m. NC, WC
coriacea Engl. = R. magalismontana subsp. magalismontana dissecta Thunb. var. obovata Schönland = R. dissecta
crenata Thunb. dissecta Thunb. var. pinnatifida Schönland = R. dissecta
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 5–460 m. KZN,
divaricata Eckl. & Zeyh.
WC, EC R. dentata Thunb. var. fulvescens (Engl.) Burtt Davy (2)
crispa (Harv. ex Engl.) Schönland = R. gueinzii Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 1000–2500 m. G,
culminum R.Fern. & A.Fern. = R. tumulicola var. tumulicola FS, KZN, L, EC
cuneifolia L.f. dracomontana Moffett
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.68 m. Alt 155–1200 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub or shrub. Ht 0.2–0.8(–1.5) m. Alt
NC, WC 1700–2100 m. M, FS, KZN
dentata Thunb. dregeana Sond.
R. dentata Thunb. var. dentata forma sparsepilosa R.Fern. (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 550–2175 m. FS, L, EC
R. dentata Thunb. var. parvifolia (Harv. ex Sond.) Schönland (2)
R. dentata Thunb. var. parvifolia (Harv. ex Sond.) Schönland forma dura Schönland = R. tumulicola var. tumulicola
parvifolia (2) dyeri R.Fern. & A.Fern. = R. rigida var. dentata
R. dentata Thunb. var. parvifolia (Harv. ex Sond.) Schönland forma vil-
losissima R.Fern. (2) eburnea Schönland = R. transvaalensis
R. dentata Thunb. var. puberula Sond. forma glabra (Schönland) R.Fern. (2) eckloniana Sond. = R. rigida var. rigida
R. dentata Thunb. var. puberula Sond. forma pilosissima (Engl.) R.Fern. (2)
R. dentata Thunb. var. puberula Sond. forma puberula (2)
engleri Britten
R. sonderi Engl. var. glaberrima Engl. (2) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.8–2.5 m. Alt 915–1370 m.
R. sonderi Engl. var. pilosissima Engl. (2) LIM, M
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–6 m. Alt 15–2500 m. ernestii Schönland = R. tumulicola var. meeuseana forma
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC meeuseana
dentata Thunb. var. dentata forma sparsepilosa R.Fern. = R. erosa Thunb.
dentata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 90–2000 m. FS, L, NC
dentata Thunb. var. fulvescens (Engl.) Burtt Davy = R. divaricata erosus Radlk., illegitimate name = Allophylus natalensis
dentata Thunb. var. parvifolia (Harv. ex Sond.) Schönland = R. fastigata Eckl. & Zeyh.
dentata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 300–1525 m. KZN, WC, EC
dentata Thunb. var. parvifolia (Harv. ex Sond.) Schönland forma flexuosa Diels = R. pyroides var. gracilis
parvifolia = R. dentata fraseri Schönland = R. pyroides Burch. var. integrifolia
dentata Thunb. var. parvifolia (Harv. ex Sond.) Schönland galpinii Schinz = R. grandidens
forma villosissima R.Fern. = R. dentata
gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels
dentata Thunb. var. puberula Sond. forma glabra (Schönland) R. gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels var. basutorum Schönland (2)
R.Fern. = R. dentata R. gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels var. latifolia Schönland (2)
R. montana Diels var. basutorum (Schönland) R.Fern. (2)
dentata Thunb. var. puberula Sond. forma pilosissima (Engl.) R. montana Diels var. gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) R.Fern. (2)
R.Fern. = R. dentata R. montana Diels var. latifolia (Schönland) R.Fern. (2)
dentata Thunb. var. puberula Sond. forma puberula = R. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–2.5 m. Alt 450–1460 m. M, S, FS,
dentata KZN, L, EC
dentata Thunb. var. truncata Burtt Davy = R. rogersii gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels var. basutorum Schönland
dinteri Engl. = R. pyroides var. dinteri = R. gerrardii
discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels var. latifolia Schönland = R.
R. discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. forma grandifolia (Engl.) Schönland (2) gerrardii
R. discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. forma latifolia Schönland (2)
R. discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. forma villosissima (Engl.) Schönland (2) gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels var. montana (Diels) Schönland =
R. discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. var. villosissima (Engl.) Burtt Davy forma R. montana
intermedia Burtt Davy (2) glauca Thunb.
R. grandifolia Engl. (2)
R. villosissima Engl. (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 5–1828 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 100–2250 m. glaucovirens Engl. = R. zeyheri
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC gracillima Engl. var. glaberrima Schönland
discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. forma grandifolia (Engl.) Schönland Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 1600–1920 m.
= R. discolor LIM, G, M
discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. forma latifolia Schönland = R. gracillima Engl. var. gracillima
discolor Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 1550–1650 m. G
discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. forma villosissima (Engl.) Schönland = grandidens Harv. ex Engl.
R. discolor R. galpinii Schinz (2)
discolor E.Mey. ex Sond. var. villosissima (Engl.) Burtt Davy Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt 457–1219 m. LIM, M,
forma intermedia Burtt Davy = R. discolor S, KZN, EC
ANACARDIACEAE Rhus DICOTYLEDONS

grandifolia Engl. = R. discolor legatii Schönland = R. chirindensis

gueinzii in sense of Schönland, not of Sond., misapplied name leptodictya Diels
= R. leptodictya R. amerina Meikle (2)
R. gueinzii in sense of Schönland, not of Sond., misapplied name (2)
gueinzii Sond. R. rhombocarpa R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
R. crispa (Harv. ex Engl.) Schönland (2) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 50–2000 m. N, B,
R. simii Schönland (2) LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS
R. simii Schönland var. lydenburgensis Schönland (2)
R. spinescens Diels (2) longifolia (Bernh.) Sond. = Protorhus longifolia
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 12–1280 m. LIM, M, longispina Eckl. & Zeyh.
S, KZN, EC Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 15–1372 m.
harveyi Moffett KZN, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 1500–1650 m. S, longispina in part, in sense of most authors, not of Eckl. &
KZN Zeyh., misapplied name = R. pterota
lucens Hutch.
horrida Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–4.5 m. Alt ± 710 m. B
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.7 m. Alt 610–1370 m. NC
lucida L. forma elliptica (Sond.) Moffett
incana Mill. = R. laevigata var. villosa Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 5–125 m. WC
incisa L.f. var. effusa (C.Presl) R.Fern. lucida L. forma lucida
R. incisa L.f. var. obovata (Sond.) Schönland (2)
R. africana Mill. (2)
R. sinuata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. effusa C.Presl (2)
R. lucida L. var. outeniquensis (Szyszyl.) Schönland (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5(–3.5) m. Alt? NC, WC, EC Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 5–2135 m.
incisa L.f. var. incisa LIM, M, KZN, L, WC, EC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 15–1200 m. NC, WC lucida L. forma scoparia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Moffett
incisa L.f. var. obovata (Sond.) Schönland = R. incisa var. effusa R. schlechteri Diels (2)
intermedia Schönland = R. pyroides var. integrifolia Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1.4 m. Alt 15–250 m. WC, EC
lucida L. var. outeniquensis (Szyszyl.) Schönland = R.
keetii Schönland lucida forma lucida
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.7 m. Alt 800–1936 m. LIM,
macowanii Schönland = R. rehmanniana var. glabrata
NW, M
macowanii Schönland forma rehmanniana (Engl.)
kirkii Oliv. Schönland = R. rehmanniana var. rehman-
R. kirkii Oliv. var. polyneura (Engl. & Gilg) R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
R. polyneura Engl. & Gilg var. hylophila Engl. & Gilg (2) niana
R. polyneura Engl. & Gilg var. polyneura (2) magalismontana Sond. subsp. coddii (R.Fern. & A.Fern.)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 700–750 m. N Moffett
R. coddii R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
kirkii Oliv. var. polyneura (Engl. & Gilg) R.Fern. & A.Fern. = R. schliebenii R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
R. kirkii Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub. Ht 0.9–2.1 m. Alt 448–1670
krebsiana C.Presl ex Engl. m. LIM
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 400–1829 m. KZN, magalismontana Sond. subsp. magalismontana
L, EC R. burkeana Sond. (2)
kwazuluana Moffett R. cinerea R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
R. coriacea Engl. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 10–150 m. KZN R. oblanceolata Schinz (2)
laevigata L. var. atomaria (Jacq.) R.Fern. = R. laevigata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.6(–1.5) m. Alt 1000–
var. laevigata forma laevigata 2055 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, NC
laevigata L. var. laevigata forma cangoana Moffett magalismontana Sond. subsp. trifoliolata (Baker f.) Moffett
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 18–670 m. WC R. rhodesiensis R.Fern. & A.Fern. forma glabra R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
R. rhodesiensis R.Fern. & A.Fern. forma rhodesiensis (2)
laevigata L. var. laevigata forma laevigata R. trifoliolata Baker f. (2)
R. laevigata L. var. atomaria (Jacq.) R.Fern. (2)
R. mucronata Thunb. (2) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? LIM
R. mucronata Thunb. var. atomaria (Jacq.) Schönland (2) magalismontana Sond. subsp. magalismontana × R. py-
R. mucronata Thunb. var. laevigata (L.) Schönland (2) roides Burch. var. pyroides (known only from type)
R. viminalis Vahl, not of Aiton (2) R. milleri R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 5–1675 m. NC, WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.2 m. Alt ± 1200 m. B
laevigata L. var. latifolia (Schönland) R.Fern. = R. laevigata maricoana Moffett
var. villosa Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ± 1500 m. NW
laevigata L. var. villosa (L.f.) R.Fern. marlothii Engl.
R. incana Mill. (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.2 m. Alt 300–1700 m. N
R. laevigata L. var. latifolia (Schönland) R.Fern. (2)
R. mucronata Thunb. var. latifolia Schönland (2) microcarpa Schönland = R. pyroides var. integrifolia
R. mucronata Thunb. var. villosa (L.f.) Schönland (2) milleri R.Fern. & A.Fern. = R. magalismontana subsp.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 5–460 m. WC, EC magalismontana × R. pyroides var. pyroides
lancea L.f. montana Diels
R. viminalis Aiton (2) R. gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) Diels var. montana (Diels) Schönland (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–12 m. Alt 100–2300 m. N, B, Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–2.25 m. Alt 90–2500 m.
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC M, KZN, L, EC
DICOTYLEDONS ANACARDIACEAE Rhus

montana Diels var. basutorum (Schönland) R.Fern. = R. pyroides Burch. var. integrifolia (Engl.) Moffett
gerrardii R. fraseri Schönland (2)
R. intermedia Schönland (2)
montana Diels var. gerrardii (Harv. ex Engl.) R.Fern. = R. R. microcarpa Schönland (2)
gerrardii Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–7 m. Alt 50–2200 m. LIM,
montana Diels var. latifolia (Schönland) R.Fern. = R. gerrardii G, M, S, KZN, EC
mucronata Thunb. = R. laevigata var. laevigata forma pyroides Burch. var. puberula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland =
laevigata R. pyroides var. pyroides
mucronata Thunb. var. atomaria (Jacq.) Schönland = R. pyroides Burch. var. pyroides
laevigata var. laevigata forma laevigata R. baurii Schönland (2)
R. puberula Eckl. & Zeyh. (2)
mucronata Thunb. var. laevigata (L.) Schönland = R. R. pyroides Burch. var. puberula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland (2)
laevigata var. laevigata forma laevigata R. vulgaris Meikle (2)
mucronata Thunb. var. latifolia Schönland = R. laevigata Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–6 m. Alt 6–2100 m. N, B,
var. villosa LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
mucronata Thunb. var. villosa (L.f.) Schönland = R. laevigata pyroides Burch. var. transvaalensis Schönland = R. pyroides
var. villosa var. gracilis
natalensis Bernh. quartiniana A.Rich.
R. quartiniana A.Rich. var. acutifoliolata (Engl.) Meikle (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 5–450 m. KZN, EC R. quartiniana A.Rich. var. zambesiensis R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
nebulosa Schönland forma nebulosa Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.2–7 m. Alt 250–1035 m. N, B
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 1–480 m. KZN, EC
quartiniana A.Rich. var. acutifoliolata (Engl.) Meikle = R.
nebulosa Schönland forma pubescens Moffett quartiniana
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 1–200 m. EC
quartiniana A.Rich. var. zambesiensis R.Fern. & A.Fern. =
oblanceolata Schinz = R. magalismontana subsp. magalis- R. quartiniana
montana
refracta Eckl. & Zeyh.
pallens Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.76–8 m. Alt 40–1973 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 10–2600 m. B, NW,
G, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC rehmanniana Engl. var. glabrata (Sond.) Moffett
R. macowanii Schönland (2)
paniculosa Sond. = Ozoroa paniculosa var. paniculosa Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 30–1800 m. LIM, M, S,
pendulina Jacq. KZN, WC, EC
R. viminalis of many authors, not of Aiton or Vahl, misapplied name (2)
rehmanniana Engl. var. rehmanniana
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 4–10 m. Alt 360–915 m. N, FS, NC R. macowanii Schönland forma rehmanniana (Engl.) Schönland (2)
pentheri Zahlbr. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 30–2100 m. LIM, M,
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 91–2045 m. LIM, S, KZN, EC
M, S, KZN, EC rhodesiensis R.Fern. & A.Fern. forma glabra R.Fern. &
polyneura Engl. & Gilg var. hylophila Engl. & Gilg = R. kirkii A.Fern. = R. magalismontana subsp. trifoliolata
polyneura Engl. & Gilg var. polyneura = R. kirkii rhodesiensis R.Fern. & A.Fern. forma rhodesiensis = R.
pondoensis Schönland magalismontana subsp. trifoliolata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 20–1300 m. LIM, rhombocarpa R.Fern. & A.Fern. = R. leptodictya
M, KZN
rigida in sense of many authors, not of Mill., misapplied name
populifolia E.Mey. ex Sond. = R. rimosa
R. steingroeveri Engl. (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.2–2.5 m. Alt 166–1500 m. N, NC rigida Mill. var. dentata (Engl.) Moffett
R. dyeri R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
problematodes Merxm. & Roessler R. rupicola J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt ± 1000 m. N Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 151–2030 m.
pterota C.Presl LIM, M, KZN, EC
R. longispina in part, in sense of most authors, not of Eckl. & Zeyh.,
misapplied name (2) rigida Mill. var. margaretae Burtt Davy ex Moffett
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 10–250 m. WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.8 m. Alt 1000–1830 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, EC
puberula Eckl. & Zeyh. = R. pyroides var. pyroides
rigida Mill. var. rigida
pygmaea Moffett R. eckloniana Sond. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ± 1950 m. M Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 120–1830 m. NW, G,
pyroides Burch. var. dinteri (Engl.) Moffett M, FS, EC
R. dinteri Engl. (2) rimosa Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 1400–1700 m. N R. rigida in sense of many authors, not of Mill., misapplied name (2)
pyroides Burch. var. gracilis (Engl.) Burtt Davy Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 750–850 m. NC, WC
R. flexuosa Diels (2) rogersii Schönland
R. pyroides Burch. var. transvaalensis Schönland (2) R. dentata Thunb. var. truncata Burtt Davy (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–6 m. Alt 425–2200 m. LIM, Perennial. Dwarf shrub or shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 550–1675
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC m. M
ANACARDIACEAE Rhus DICOTYLEDONS

rosmarinifolia Vahl trifoliolata Baker f. = R. magalismontana subsp. trifoliolata

R. rosmarinifolia Vahl var. brevifolia Schönland (2) tumulicola S.Moore var. meeuseana (R.Fern. & A.Fern.)
R. rosmarinifolia Vahl var. swellendamensis Eckl. & Zeyh. (2)
R. rosmarinifolia Vahl var. typica Schönland (2) Moffett forma meeuseana
R. ernestii Schönland (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 15–1465 m. WC, EC R. synstylica R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. meeuseana R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
rosmarinifolia Vahl var. brevifolia Schönland = R. rosmarini- Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 379–2120 m. LIM,
folia M, S
rosmarinifolia Vahl var. stenophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland = tumulicola S.Moore var. meeuseana (R.Fern. & A.Fern.)
R. stenophylla Moffett forma pumila Moffett
rosmarinifolia Vahl var. swellendamensis Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 1000–2100 m.
= R. rosmarinifolia LIM, M
rosmarinifolia Vahl var. typica Schönland = R. rosmarini- tumulicola S.Moore var. tumulicola
folia R. culminum R.Fern. & A.Fern. (2)
R. dura Schönland (2)
rudatisii Engl. R. synstylica R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. synstylica (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt 450–650 m. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–3.5 m. Alt 914–2164 m.
KZN LIM, M, S, KZN
rupicola J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans = R. rigida var. dentata
undulata Jacq.
schlechteri Diels = R. lucida forma scoparia R. undulata Jacq. var. celastroides (Sond.) Schönland in part (2)
schliebenii R.Fern. & A.Fern. = R. magalismontana subsp. R. undulata Jacq. var. genuina Schönland forma contracta Schönland (2)
R. undulata Jacq. var. genuina Schönland forma excisa (Thunb.) Schönland (2)
coddii R. undulata Jacq. var. genuina Schönland forma undulata Schönland (2)
scytophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. var. dentata Moffett R. undulata Jacq. var. undulata Schönland forma contracta (Schönland) R.Fern. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 800–1250 R. undulata Jacq. var. undulata Schönland forma excisa (Thunb.) R.Fern. (2)
m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 20–1250 m. N, NC, WC
scytophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. var. scytophylla undulata Jacq. var. burchellii (Sond.) Schönland = R. burchellii
R. africana in sense of many authors, not of Mill., misapplied name (2) undulata Jacq. var. celastroides (Sond.) Schönland in part
R. africana Mill. var. macrophylla Sond. (2) = R. undulata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 50–800 m. NC, WC
undulata Jacq. var. genuina Schönland forma contracta
sekhukhuniensis Moffett Schönland = R. undulata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 700–800 m. M undulata Jacq. var. genuina Schönland forma excisa (Thunb.)
simii Schönland = R. gueinzii Schönland = R. undulata
simii Schönland var. lydenburgensis Schönland = R. gueinzii undulata Jacq. var. genuina Schönland forma undulata
sinuata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. effusa C.Presl = R. incisa var. Schönland = R. undulata
effusa
undulata Jacq. var. tricrenata (Engl.) R.Fern. = R. burchellii
sonderi Engl. var. glaberrima Engl. = R. dentata
undulata Jacq. var. undulata Schönland forma contracta
sonderi Engl. var. pilosissima Engl. = R. dentata
(Schönland) R.Fern. = R. undulata
spinescens Diels = R. gueinzii
undulata Jacq. var. undulata Schönland forma excisa (Thunb.)
steingroeveri Engl. = R. populifolia
R.Fern. = R. undulata
stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh.
R. rosmarinifolia Vahl var. stenophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland (2) villosissima Engl. = R. discolor
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt viminalis Aiton = R. lancea
20–125 m. WC viminalis of many authors, not of Aiton or Vahl, misap-
synstylica R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. meeuseana R.Fern. plied name = R. pendulina
& A.Fern. = R. tumulicola var. meeuseana forma viminalis Vahl, not of Aiton = R. laevigata var.
meeuseana laevigata forma laevigata
synstylica R.Fern. & A.Fern. var. synstylica = R. tumu- volkii Suess.
licola var. tumulicola Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt ± 1600 m. N
tenuinervis Engl.
R. commiphoroides Engl. & Gilg (2) vulgaris Meikle = R. pyroides var. pyroides
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.2–3 m. Alt 305–1600 m. N, B, wilmsii Diels
LIM, NW, NC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 1500–1770 m. M
thunbergii (Thunb.) Hook. = Heeria argentea zeyheri Sond.
R. glaucovirens Engl. (2)
tomentosa L. R. zeyheri Sond. var. parvifolia Burtt Davy (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 20–2135 m. LIM, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 850–1650 m. LIM, NW,
M, KZN, L, WC, EC G, M
transvaalensis Engl.
R. eburnea Schönland (2) zeyheri Sond. var. parvifolia Burtt Davy = R. zeyheri
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–2(–4) m. Alt 290–1760 m. *SCHINUS L. 4582000
LIM, M, S, KZN
(1) Barkley. 1944. Brittonia 5: 160–198.
tridactyla Burch.
R. ciliata in sense of Schönland in part, not of Licht. ex Schult., misapplied molle L.
name (2) Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–10.66 m. Alt 185–1300 m. B, LIM,
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 1225–1380 m. NC G, NC, WC, EC
DICOTYLEDONS ANACARDIACEAE Rhus

terebinthifolius Raddi Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–18 m. Alt 5–1700 m. N, B, LIM, M,

Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2.5–4 m. Alt 2–550 m. B, LIM, S, KZN
M, KZN, WC caffra Sond. = S. birrea subsp. caffra
SCLEROCARYA Hochst. 4558000 schweinfurthiana Schinz = S. birrea subsp. caffra
(1) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1966. FZ 2: 552–555.
(2) Kokwaro & Gillett. 1980. Kew Bulletin 34: 756–758 SMODINGIUM E.Mey. ex Sond. 4588000
(3) Kokwaro. 1986. FTEA Anacardiaceae: 42–45.
(1) Wells. 1988. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1968.
birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro
Commiphora subglauca Engl. (2) argutum E.Mey. ex Sond.
S. caffra Sond. (2) Perennial. Tree, scrambler. Ht 1.5–7.5 m. Alt 365–1830 m.
S. schweinfurthiana Schinz (2) KZN, EC
ANNONACEAE
Compiled by M. Jordaan
ANNONA L. 2729000 glabrescens Hutch. & Dalziel ex Burtt Davy = H. mono-

(1) Robson. 1960. FZ 1: 141–145. petalus var. monopetalus
(2) Le Thomas. 1969. Adansonia sér. 2, 9: 95–103. monopetalus (A.Rich.) Engl. & Diels var. monopetalus
(3) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Annonaceae: 112–116. H. glabrescens Hutch. & Dalziel ex Burtt Davy (2)
arenaria Thonn. ex Schumach. = A. senegalensis subsp. sene- Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–7 m. Alt 300–1500 m. N,
galensis B, LIM, M
chrysophylla Bojer = A. senegalensis subsp. senegalensis
nana Exell = A. stenophylla subsp. nana
MONANTHOTAXIS Baill. 2696000
(1) Robson. 1960. FZ 1: 122–128.
senegalensis Pers. subsp. senegalensis (2) Verdcourt. 1971. Kew Bulletin. 25: 20–33.
A. arenaria Thonn. ex Schumach. (2) (3) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Annonaceae: 88–107.
A. chrysophylla Bojer (1)
Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 1.5–8 m. Alt 15–1538 m. B, caffra (Sond.) Verdc.
Guatteria caffra Sond. (2)
LIM, M, S, KZN Popowia caffra (Sond.) Benth. (2)
stenophylla Engl. & Diels subsp. nana (Exell) N.Robson Perennial. Tree, shrub or climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 10–1190
A. nana Exell (1) m. M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.7 m. Alt? N, B
MONODORA Dunal 2733000
ARTABOTRYS R.Br. 2724000 (1) Robson. 1960. FZ 1: 145–149.
(1) Robson. 1960. FZ 1: 129–133. (2) Paiva. 1970. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana, sér. 2, 44: 371–373.
(2) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Annonaceae: 56–64. (3) Codd. 1983. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1870.
brachypetalus Benth. junodii Engl. & Diels var. junodii
Perennial. Tree, shrub or climber. Ht 0.9–4 m. Alt 305–1400 m. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–7 m. Alt 30–520 m. LIM,
B, LIM S, KZN
monteiroae Oliv. junodii Engl. & Diels var. macrantha J.Paiva
A. nitidus Engl. (1) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–7 m. Alt 20–300 m. LIM
Perennial. Tree, shrub or climber. Ht 2.5–6 m. Alt 30–1035
m. LIM, S, KZN POPOWIA Endl. 2691000
nitidus Engl. = A. monteiroae obovata (Benth.) Engl. & Diels = Friesodielsia obovata
caffra (Sond.) Benth. = Monanthotaxis caffra
FRIESODIELSIA Steenis 2691010
(1) Verdcourt. 1971. Kew Bulletin 25: 18–20.
(2) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Annonaceae: 86–88. UNONA L. 2689000
(3) Van Wyk & Condy. 1994. Flowering Plants of Africa 53: t. 2089. obovata Benth. = Friesodielsia obovata
obovata (Benth.) Verdc.
Popowia obovata (Benth.) Engl. & Diels (1) UVARIA L. 2673000
Unona obovata Benth. (1) (1) Robson. 1960. FZ 1: 106–112.
Perennial. Tree, shrub or climber. Ht 1.5–7 m. Alt 100–600 m. (2) Verdcourt. 1971. Kew Bulletin 25: 2–8.
N, B (3) Balkwill & Nicholas. 1990. Bothalia 20: 207.
caffra E.Mey. ex Sond.
GUATTERIA Ruíz & Pav. 2679000 Perennial. Tree, shrub or climber. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 5–300 m.
caffra Sond. = Monanthotaxis caffra KZN, EC
gazensis Baker f. = U. lucida subsp. virens
HEXALOBUS A.DC. 2716000 gracilipes N.Robson
(2) Robson. 1960. FZ 1: 116–119. Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 0–320 m.
(3) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Annonaceae: 44–48. LIM
ANACARDIACEAE *Schinus DICOTYLEDONS

lucida Benth. subsp. virens (N.E.Br.) Verdc. antunesii Engl. & Diels = X. odoratissima
U. gazensis Baker f. (2)
U. virens N.E.Br. (2) odoratissima Welw. ex Oliv.
X. antunesii Engl. & Diels (1)
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 1.5–10 m. Alt 0–100
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–9 m. Alt 100–600 m. N,
m. LIM, S, KZN
B
virens N.E.Br. = U. lucida subsp. virens
parviflora (A.Rich.) Benth.
XYLOPIA L. 2717000 Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–30 m. Alt 100–914 m. LIM
(1) Robson. 1960. FZ 1: 133–141. tomentosa Exell
(2) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Annonaceae: 72–83. Perennial. Dwarf shrub or shrub. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt? N
APIACEAE
Compiled by B.-E. van Wyk & P.M. Tilney
AGROCHARIS Hochst. 5950010 baurii Kuntze = A. natalensis

(1) Cannon. 1978. FZ 4: 572–575. capensis (P.J.Bergius) R.A.Dyer var. capensis
(2) Jury. 1986. Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses 26,2: 181–188.
(3) Townsend. 1989. FTEA Umbelliferae: 30–33. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to
(4) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 162. 0.6 m. Alt 45–2286 m. WC, EC
melanantha Hochst. capensis (P.J.Bergius) R.A.Dyer var. tenella (Schltr. &
Caucalis latifolia of author, not of L.; Jacot Guill. (4) H.Wolff) Weim.
Caucalis melanantha (Hochst.) Hiern (1) A. tenella Schltr. & H.Wolff (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.85 m. Alt up to 2685 m. KZN, Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to
L, EC 0.6 m. Alt 100–1650 m. EC
ALEPIDEA F.Delaroche 5922000 ciliaris F.Delaroche = A. pilifera
(1) Wood & Evans. 1899. Journal of Botany, London 37: 255. cirsiifolia Schltr. & H.Wolff
(2) Weimarck. 1949. Botaniska Notiser 4: 217–268. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to
(3) Compton. 1967. Journal of South African Botany 33: 297, 298.
(4) Burtt. 1982. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 1 m. Alt 915–1585 m. EC
40,2: 293–297. comosa Dummer
(5) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 163–171. A. longifolia E.Mey. subsp. comosa (Dummer) Weim. (5)
(6) De Castro & Van Wyk. 1994. South African Journal of Botany Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to
60,6: 345– 350.
(7) Pooley. 1998. A field guide to wild flowers of KwaZulu-Natal 1 m. Alt 90–1525 m. G, M, S, KZN
and the eastern region: 160, 161. delicatula Weim.
acutidens Weim. var. acutidens Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to 0.7 0.2 m. Alt ± 2000 m. WC
m. Alt 765–1830 m. KZN, EC duplidens Weim.
acutidens Weim. var. dispar Weim. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to 0.7? 0.4 m. Alt up to 1370 m. KZN, EC
m. Alt ± 1400 m. KZN galpinii Dummer
amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh. var. amatymbica Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m, when in flower up to 2.1 m. Alt 0.3 m. Alt up to 2990 m. KZN, L, EC
243–2620 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
gracilis Dummer
amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh. var. aquatica (Kuntze) Weim. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m, when in flower up to
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to 0.7 m. Alt 592–1370 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
2.1 m. Alt 795–1220 m. EC
amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh. var. microbracteata Weim. gracilis Dummer var. major Weim. = A. longifolia var.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to longifolia
2.1 m. Alt ± 800 m. KZN insculpta Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
angustifolia Schltr. & H.Wolff Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to 1 m. Alt up to 2545 m. KZN
0.7 m. Alt ± 1600 m. G, M, FS, KZN jenkinsii Pott
attenuata Weim. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to 1 m. Alt ± 1600 m. M
1 m. Alt up to 2200 m. LIM, G, M, S longeciliata Schinz ex Dummer
basinuda Pott var. basinuda Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m, when in flower up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 1600 m. M
0.5 m. Alt up to 2100 m. LIM, G, M, KZN
longifolia E.Mey. subsp. angusta (Dummer) Weim. = A. longi-
basinuda Pott var. subnuda Weim.
folia var. angusta
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m, when in flower up to
0.5 m. Alt up to 2200 m. M longifolia E.Mey. subsp. comosa (Dummer) Weim. = A. comosa
DICOTYLEDONS ANNONACEAE Uvaria

longifolia E.Mey. subsp. lancifolia Weim. = A. longifolia majus L. var. glaucifolium (L.) Godr.
var. longifolia Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.7 m. Alt 120–3050 m. LIM,
longifolia E.Mey. var. angusta Dummer NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
A. longifolia E.Mey. subsp. angusta (Dummer) Weim. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m, when in flower up to ANGINON Raf. 5994010
(1) Burtt. 1988. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45,1: 90, 91.
0.8 m. Alt up to 2800 m. G, M, S, FS, KZN (2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 172–177.
longifolia E.Mey. var. longifolia (3) Allison & Van Wyk. 1997. Nordic Journal of Botany 17: 561–577.
A. gracilis Dummer var. major Weim. (5) difforme (L.) B.L.Burtt
A. longifolia E.Mey. subsp. lancifolia Weim. (5) Bupleurum difforme L. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to Rhyticarpus difformis (L.) Briq. (1)
1.8 m. Alt up to 2010 m. G, M, S, FS, KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 200–1500 m. NC, WC, EC
longifolia E.Mey. var. wyliei (Dummer) Weim. = A. wyliei fruticosum I.Allison & B.-E.van Wyk
macowani Dummer Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 200–1000 m. NC, WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m, when in flower up to intermedium I.Allison & B.-E.van Wyk
1 m. Alt up to 1770 m. EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 500–1500 m. NC
multisecta B.L.Burtt jaarsveldii B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m, when in flower up to Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt ± 1200 m. NC
0.6 m. Alt ± 2100 m. EC paniculatum (Thunb.) B.L.Burtt
natalensis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2.5–4 m. Alt ± 300 m. NC, WC
A. baurii Kuntze (4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to pumilum I.Allison & B.-E.van Wyk
0.6 m. Alt up to 2650 m. FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Shrublet. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 20–300 m. WC
pilifera Weim. rugosum (Thunb.) Raf.
A. uitenhagense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) B.L.Burtt (3)
A. ciliaris F.Delaroche (4)
Rhyticarpus rugosus (Thunb.) Sond. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 200–600 m. EC
0.3 m. Alt up to 2745 m. KZN, L
streyi (Merxm.) I.Allison & B.-E.van Wyk
pusilla Weim. Sonderina streyi Merxm. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt ± 1250 m. N
0.7 m. Alt up to 3355 m. KZN, L, EC
swellendamense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) B.L.Burtt
reticulata Weim. Rhyticarpus ecklonis Sond. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to Rhyticarpus swellendamensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Briq. (1)
0.4 m. Alt 1600–2300 m. LIM, M Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 300–900 m. WC
serrata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. cathcartensis (Kuntze) Weim. tenuior I.Allison & B.-E.van Wyk
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2? m, when in flower up to Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt ± 1200 m. WC
0.5? m. Alt 765–1830 m. EC ternatum I.Allison & B.-E.van Wyk
serrata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. serrata Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 4 m. Alt ± 300 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2? m, when in flower up to uitenhagense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) B.L.Burtt = A. rugosum
0.5? m. Alt up to 3000 m. L, EC verticillatum (Sond.) B.L.Burtt
setifera N.E.Br. Polemannia verticillata Sond. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to 0.4 Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 500–1500 m. N, NC, WC
m. Alt up to 2240 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
ANNESORHIZA Cham. & Schltdl. 6078000
stellata Weim. (1) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 177–182.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to (2) Tilney & Van Wyk. 2001. Nordic Journal of Botany 21: 615–649.
0.5 m. Alt ± 800 m. KZN altiscapa Schltr.
tenella Schltr. & H.Wolff = A. capensis var. tenella Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m, when in flower up to
thodei Dummer 1.5 m. Alt 120–915 m. NC, WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to burttii B.-E.van Wyk
1.5 m. Alt up to 3355 m. KZN, L, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m, when in flower up to
tysonii Dummer = A. woodii 1.3 m. Alt up to 1600 m. WC
woodii Oliv. capensis Cham. & Schltdl. = A. nuda
A. tysonii Dummer (4)
elata Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. grandiflora
fibrosa B.-E.van Wyk
1.2 m. Alt up to 2400 m. KZN, L
wyliei Dummer 0.7 m. Alt ± 800 m. WC
A. longifolia E.Mey. var. wyliei (Dummer) Weim. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to filicaulis Eckl. & Zeyh.
0.6 m. Alt up to 1700 m. KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m, when in flower up to 1 m.
Alt ± 700 m. WC
*AMMI L. 6016000 flagellifolia Burtt Davy
(1) Wolff. 1927. Pflanzenreich 90: 119, 120. Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m, when in flower up to 0.7
(2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 171. m. Alt 625–2100 m. M, KZN
APIACEAE Alepidea DICOTYLEDONS

grandiflora (Thunb.) M.Hiroe ARCTOPUS L. 5926000

A. elata Eckl. & Zeyh. (2)
(1) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 564, 565.
A. hirsuta Eckl. & Zeyh. (2)
(2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 184, 185.
A. villosa (Thunb.) Sond. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m, when in flower up to 2 m. dregei Sond.
Alt 200–1500 m. NC, WC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt ± 300 m. WC
gummifera (L.) Jacks. = Glia prolifera echinatus L.
hirsuta Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. grandiflora Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 50–1700 m. WC, EC
inebrians (Thunb.) Wijnands = Glia prolifera monacanthus Carmich. ex Sond.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 50–1700 m. WC
lateriflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) B.-E.van Wyk
A. marlothii H.Wolff (2)
Athamanta lateriflora Eckl. & Zeyh. (2)
ATHAMANTA L. 6052000
Peucedanum lateriflorum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. (2) lateriflora Eckl. & Zeyh. = Annesorhiza lateriflora
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m, when in flower up to 0.8 m.
Alt 500–1800 m. NC, WC BERULA W.D.J.Koch 6038010
latifolia Adamson (1) Cannon. 1978. FZ 4: 600.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m, when in flower up to 1.6 m. (2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 185, 186.
Alt 800–1500 m. NC tropicale 2: 237.
macrocarpa Eckl. & Zeyh. erecta (Huds.) Coville subsp. erecta
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1–1.8 m. Alt 15–300 m. WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? EC
marlothii H.Wolff = A. lateriflora erecta (Huds.) Coville subsp. thunbergii (DC.) B.L.Burtt
marlothii (H.Wolff) M.Hiroe, illegitimate name = Pole- B. thunbergii (DC.) H.Wolff (2)
manniopsis marlothii Sium thunbergii DC. (2)
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.2–1.8 m. Alt 1–2105 m.
montana Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. nuda WC, EC
nuda (Aiton) B.L.Burtt thunbergii (DC.) H.Wolff = B. erecta subsp. thunbergii
A. capensis Cham. & Schltdl. (1)
A. montana Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m, when in flower up to 1 m. BUBON L. 6042010
Alt 200–1000 m. WC galbanum L. = Peucedanum galbanum
schlechteri H.Wolff hypoleucum Meisn. = Peucedanum tenuifolium
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m, when in flower up to 0.7 m. montanum Sond. = Peucedanum tenuifolium
Alt 1500–1800 m. EC
thunbergii B.L.Burtt BUPLEURUM L. 5994000
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m, when in flower ± 0.6 m. (1) Linnaeus. 1753. Species plantarum edn 1, 1: 236.
Alt ± 500 m. EC (2) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 541.
villosa (Thunb.) Sond. = A. grandiflora (3) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 187, 188.
wilmsii H.Wolff arborescens Thunb., not of Jacq., illegitimate name =

Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m, when in flower up to 0.7 m. Heteromorpha arborescens var. arborescens
Alt up to 1700 m. LIM, M, S collinum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. = Heteromorpha arborescens
var. collina
*ANTHRISCUS Pers. 5938000 difforme L. = Anginon difforme
(1) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 182. mundii Cham. & Schltdl.
(2) Lebrun & Stork. 1992. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 15–3475 m. LIM, G, M,
tropicale 2: 236.
S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
sylvestris (L.) Hoffm. var. sylvestris *rotundifolium L.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.8 m. Alt 915–2438 m. L, EC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? LIM
trifoliatum H.L.Wendl. = Heteromorpha arborescens var.
APIUM L. 6004000 abyssinica
(1) Linnaeus. 1753. Species plantarum edn 1, 1: 264, 265.
(2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 182–184.
*graveolens L.
CAPNOPHYLLUM Gaertn. 6103000
(1) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 562.
Biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 2–2160 m. (2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 188, 189.
N, B, LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (3) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 275.
leptophyllum (Pers.) F.Muell. ex Benth. = Ciclospermum africanum (L.) W.D.J.Koch
leptophyllum Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 6–915 m. WC
inundatum (L.) Rchb.f. africanum (L.) W.D.J.Koch var. leiocarpon Sond. = C.
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht up to 0.75 m. Alt? WC leiocarpon
prostratum Vent. leiocarpon (Sond.) Manning & Goldblatt
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 5–914 m. N, NC, C. africanum (L.) W.D.J.Koch var. leiocarpon Sond. (3)
WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? NC, WC
DICOTYLEDONS APIACEAE Annesorhiza

CARUM Sond. 6020010 dentata Adamson

capensis Sond. = Chamarea capensis Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 200–1000 m. WC
didymocarpa Adamson
*CAUCALIS L. 5950000 Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt up to 1600 m. WC, EC
(1) Heywood. 1968. Flora europaea 2: 372. difformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson
(2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 190. Hydrocotyle difformis Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
daucoides L. = C. platycarpos Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 5–1000 m. WC
latifolia of author, not of L.; Jacot Guill. = Agrocharis dolichocarpa M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk
melanantha Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 1200 m. WC
melanantha (Hochst.) Hiern = Agrocharis melanantha dregeana (Sond.) Domin = C. tridentata var. dregeana
platycarpos L. eriantha (Rich.) Drude var. eriantha
C. daucoides L. (1) Hydrocotyle eriantha Rich. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 200–500? m. EC Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 150–1200 m.
WC, EC
CENTELLA L. 5894000
eriantha (Rich.) Drude var. orientalis Adamson
(1) Adamson. 1951. Journal of South African Botany 17,1: 1–48.
(2) Cannon. 1978. FZ 4: 561–565. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 30–300 m. EC
(3) Eichler. 1987. Feddes Repertorium 98: 11–23. eriantha (Rich.) Drude var. rotundifolia Adamson
(4) Burtt. 1989. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45,2: 197, 198. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 100–1000 m. WC
(6) Schubert & Van Wyk. 1995. Nordic Journal of Botany 15: 167–171. flexuosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Drude
(7) Schubert & Van Wyk. 1995. Nordic Journal of Botany 15: 263–268. Hydrocotyle flexuosa Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
(8) Schubert & Van Wyk. 1996. Bothalia 26: 50, 51. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 120–1600 m. WC
(9) Schubert & Van Wyk. 1997. Nordic Journal of Botany 17: 301–314.
(10) Schubert & Van Wyk. 1998. Nordic Journal of Botany 18: 461–470. fourcadei Adamson
(11) Schubert & Van Wyk. 1999. Nordic Journal of Botany 19: 427–434. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 20–1000 m. WC
affinis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson var. affinis fusca (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson
Hydrocotyle affinis Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Hydrocotyle fusca Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 20–1000 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 300–1200 m. WC
affinis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson var. oblonga Adamson glabrata L. var. bracteata Adamson
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt up to 1400 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300–600 m. WC
annua M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk glabrata L. var. cochlearia Domin = C. cochlearia
Annual, short-lived perennial. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 200– glabrata L. var. glabrata
1200 m. WC Hydrocotyle glabrata L.f. (1)
asiatica (L.) Urb. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 5–2000 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 5–2000 m. N, glabrata L. var. natalensis Adamson
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 30–1900 m. M, S,
brachycarpa M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 20–300 m. WC glauca M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk
caespitosa Adamson Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 400–1500 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt up to 1220 m. WC graminifolia Adamson
calcaria M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 30–1900 m. M, S,
Annual, short-lived perennial. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 20–100 m. KZN, L, EC
WC gymnocarpa M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk
calliodus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Drude Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 100–400 m. WC
Hydrocotyle calliodus Cham. & Schltdl. (1)
hederifolia (Burch.) Drude = C. macrodus
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 35–1530 m. WC
capensis (L.) Domin hermanniifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Domin var. hermanniifolia
Hydrocotyle solandra L.f. (1) = C. tridentata var. hermanniifolia
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 5–900 m. WC hermanniifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Domin var. littoralis (Eckl.
cochlearia (Domin) Adamson & Zeyh.) Domin = C. tridentata var. litoralis
C. glabrata L. var. cochlearia Domin (1)
laevis Adamson
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 300–1200 m. WC Hydrocotyle eriantha Rich. var. glabrata Sond. (1)
comptonii Adamson Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 150–1200 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 50–200 m. WC lanata Compton
coriacea Nannf. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 150–1200 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 5–2000 m. KZN, EC WC, EC
cryptocarpa M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk lasiophylla Adamson
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt ± 1400 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300–1500 m. WC
debilis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Drude linifolia (L.f.) Drude var. depressa Adamson
Hydrocotyle debilis Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Hydrocotyle linifolia L.f. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 10–900 m. WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 1200 m. WC
APIACEAE Carum DICOTYLEDONS

linifolia (L.f.) Drude var. linifolia triloba (Thunb.) Drude

Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 300–1200 m. WC Hydrocotyle triloba Thunb. (1)
longifolia (Adamson) M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk
C. montana (Cham. & Schltdl.) Domin var. longifolia Adamson (11) m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 200–1200 m. WC umbellata M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk
macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. macrocarpa Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt ± 1600 m. WC
Hydrocotyle macrocarpa Rich. (1) villosa L. var. latifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 10–1700 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 700–1200 m. WC
macrocarpa (Rich.) Adamson var. saxatilis Adamson villosa L. var. villosa
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 10–1700 m. WC Hydrocotyle villosa L.f. (1)
macrodus (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300–1500 m. WC
C. hederifolia (Burch.) Drude (4) virgata (L.f.) Drude var. congesta Adamson
Hydrocotyle hederifolia Burch. (4) Perennial. Herb, suffrutex. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt up to 1700 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1000–1400 m. WC WC, EC
montana (Cham. & Schltdl.) Domin virgata (L.f.) Drude var. gracilescens Domin
Hydrocotyle montana Cham. & Schltdl. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 1000 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 300–1200 m. WC, EC
WC, EC
montana (Cham. & Schltdl.) Domin var. longifolia Adamson
virgata (L.f.) Drude var. virgata
= C. longifolia Hydrocotyle virgata L.f. (1)
pilosa M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk Perennial. Herb, suffrutex. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 10–1700 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt ± 300 m. WC WC, EC
pottebergensis Adamson
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 400 m. WC CHAMAREA Eckl. & Zeyh. 6020000
(1) Wolff. 1927. Das Pflanzenreich 90: 173.
recticarpa Adamson (2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 200, 201.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 400–1500 m. WC
capensis (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
restioides Adamson Carum capensis Sond. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 900–1500 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 10–1900 m. WC
rupestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Adamson esterhuyseniae B.L.Burtt
Hydrocotyle rupestris Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5? m. Alt ± 1800 m. WC
gracillima (H.Wolff) B.L.Burtt
scabra Adamson Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 10–1800 m. WC, EC
longipedicellata B.L.Burtt
sessilis Adamson Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 10–2000 m. FS, L,
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 300–1700 m. WC, EC NC, WC, EC
stenophylla Adamson snijmaniae B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 300–2000 m. WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 800 m. NC
stipitata Adamson
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 1200 m. WC CHORITAENIA Benth. 6129000
(1) Burtt Davy. 1912. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3: 121.
ternata M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk (2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 201, 202.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt ± 1600 m. WC
capensis Benth.
thesioides M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 900–1500 m. LIM,
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 500–1200 m. WC NW, FS, NC
tridentata (L.f.) Drude ex Domin var. dregeana (Sond.)
M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk *CICLOSPERMUM Lag. 6004010
C. dregeana (Sond.) Domin (9) (1) Sprague. 1923. Journal of Botany, London 61: 129.
Hydrocotyle dregeana Sond. (1) (2) Constance. 1990. Brittonia 42: 276–278.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt ± 1000 m. NC (3) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 202.
tridentata (L.f.) Drude ex Domin var. hermanniifolia leptophyllum (Pers.) Sprague
(Eckl. & Zeyh.) M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk Apium leptophyllum (Pers.) F.Muell. ex Benth. (2)
C. hermanniifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Domin var. hermanniifolia (9) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 5–2100 m. N, B,
Hydrocotyle hermanniifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 20–200 m. EC
tridentata (L.f.) Drude ex Domin var. litoralis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) CNIDIUM Cusson 6069010
M.T.R.Schubert & B.-E.van Wyk suffruticosum Cham. & Schltdl. = Dasispermum suffruti-
C. hermanniifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Domin var. littoralis (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Domin (9) cosum
Hydrocotyle hermanniifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. littoralis Sond. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 10–100 m. WC CONIUM L. 5970000
(1) Ecklon & Zeyher. 1836. Enumeratio plantarum Africae australis extra-
tridentata (L.f.) Drude ex Domin var. tridentata tropicae: 355.
Hydrocotyle tridentata L.f. (1) (2) Hilliard & Burtt. 1985. South African Journal of Botany 51,6: 465–474.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 10–200 m. WC (3) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 202, 203.
DICOTYLEDONS APIACEAE Centella

chaerophylloides (Thunb.) Sond. DRACOSCIADIUM Hilliard & 6016010

Biennial. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 15–3200 m. LIM, B.L.Burtt
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (1) Hilliard & Burtt. 1986. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
fontanum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt var. alticola Hilliard & 43,2: 220–225.
B.L.Burtt
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 2745–3500 m. KZN, L, EC italae Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
fontanum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt var. fontanum Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt ± 1300 m. KZN
Biennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1000–2400 m. M, KZN, saniculifolium Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
L, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 2300–3100 m. KZN
fontanum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt var. silvaticum Hilliard EZOSCIADIUM B.L.Burtt 6020030
& B.L.Burtt
(1) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 207.
Biennial. Herb. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 900–1525 m. KZN
capense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) B.L.Burtt
*maculatum L. Trachysciadium capense Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Biennial. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt ± 1000 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 150 m. EC
sphaerocarpum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Biennial. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 100–1400 m. NC, WC *FOENICULUM Mill. 6062000
*CORIANDRUM L. 5953000 officinale All. = F. vulgare var. vulgare
(1) Cannon. 1978. FZ 4: 575, 576. vulgare Mill. var. vulgare
(2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 203. F. officinale All. (1)
sativum L. Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 50–2000 m. NW, G, M,
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 900–1400 m. G, FS, KZN, WC, EC
KZN, EC
GLIA Sond. 6078010
DASISPERMUM Raf. 6069020 (1) Burtt. 1989. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45,2: 200.
(1) Burtt. 1988. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45,1: 92, 93.
(2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 204, 205. capensis (Houtt.) B.L.Burtt = G. prolifera
(3) Tilney & Van Wyk. 1995. South African Journal of Botany 61,5: 245–248. gummifera (L.) Sond. = Peucedanum gummiferum
suffruticosum (P.J.Bergius) B.L.Burtt prolifera (Burm.f.) B.L.Burtt
Cnidium suffruticosum Cham. & Schltdl. (1) Annesorhiza gummifera (L.) Jacks. (2)
Heteroptilis suffruticosa (P.J.Bergius) Leute (1) Annesorhiza inebrians (Thunb.) Wijnands (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 0–100 m. KZN, WC, EC G. capensis (Houtt.) B.L.Burtt (2)
Peucedanum abbreviatum E.Mey. ex Meisn. (2)
*DAUCUS L. 6142000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.6 m. Alt 200–1300 m. WC
(1) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 563.
HERMAS L. 5917000
(1) Linnaeus. 1771. Mantissa plantarum 2: 299.
carota L. (2) Ecklon & Zeyher. 1836. Enumeratio plantarum Africae australis
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 150–800 m. NW, G, WC, EC extratropicae: 355.
(3) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 565–567.
(4) Norman. 1928. Journal of Botany, London 66: 195.
DEVERRA DC. 6013000 (5) Norman. 1933. Journal of Botany, London 69: 125.
(1) Schreiber. 1967. FSWA 103: 4, 5. (6) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 211–213.
(2) Pfisterer & Podlech. 1986. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung capitata L.f.
München 22: 571. H. capitata L.f. var. minima (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. (6)
(3) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 205, 206. H. minima Eckl. & Zeyh. (6)
aphylla (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC. = D. denudata subsp. aphylla Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower up to
burchellii (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh. 0.3 m. Alt 300–1800 m. WC, EC
Pituranthos burchellii (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Schinz (1) capitata L.f. var. minima (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. = H. capitata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.4 m. Alt 300–1800 m. N, B, ciliata L.f.
LIM, NW, FS, NC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m, when in flower up to
denudata (Viv.) Pfisterer & Podlech subsp. aphylla (Cham. 0.9 m. Alt 300–1500 m. WC, EC
& Schltdl.) Pfisterer & Podlech depauperata L. = H. villosa
D. aphylla (Cham. & Schltdl.) DC. (2)
Pituranthos aphyllus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Schinz (2) gigantea L.f.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 60–2000 m. N, NW, Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 800–1800 m.
FS, NC, WC, EC WC
intermedia C.Norman
DIPLOLOPHIUM Turcz. 6054000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1500–1800
(1) Schreiber. 1967. FSWA 103: 1–9.
m. WC
(2) Hilliard & Burtt. 1983. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh minima Eckl. & Zeyh. = H. capitata
40,2: 259. pillansii C.Norman
swynnertonii (Baker f.) C.Norman Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 900–1800 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt ± 1220 m. LIM WC
APIACEAE Conium DICOTYLEDONS

quercifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = H. quinquedentata pubescens Burtt Davy

quinquedentata L.f. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 700–1500 m. LIM, M
H. quercifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (6) stenophylla Welw. ex Schinz var. stenophylla
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m, when in flower up to Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1.8 m. Alt 1300–1800 m. N
0.7 m. Alt 1500–2000 m. WC stenophylla Welw. ex Schinz var. transvaalensis (Schltr.
villosa (L.) Thunb. & H.Wolff) P.Winter
H. depauperata L. (6) H. transvaalensis Schltr. & H.Wolff (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 200–1600 m. WC Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1.8 m. Alt 350–1600 m. LIM,
M, KZN
HETEROMORPHA Cham. & 5992000
Schltdl. stolzii H.Wolff = H. involucrata
(1) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 213–215. transvaalensis Schltr. & H.Wolff = H. stenophylla var. trans-
(2) Winter & Van Wyk. 1996. Kew Bulletin 51: 225–265. vaalensis
abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. abyssinica = H. arborescens trifoliata (H.L.Wendl.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = H. arborescens var.
var. abyssinica abyssinica
abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. simplicifolia A.Rich. = H.
arborescens var. abyssinica HETEROPTILIS E.Mey. ex Meisn. 6069000
arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. abyssinica (A.Rich.) suffruticosa (P.J.Bergius) Leute = Dasispermum suffruti-
H.Wolff cosum
Bupleurum trifoliatum H.L.Wendl. (2)
H. abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. abyssinica (2)
H. abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. simplicifolia A.Rich. (2) HYDROCOTYLE L. 5893000
H. arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. trifoliata (H.L.Wendl.) Sond. (2) (1) Linnaeus. 1753. Species plantarum edn 1, 1: 234.
H. trifoliata (H.L.Wendl.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (2) (2) Linnaeus. 1781. Supplementum plantarum systematis vegetabilium: 177.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht up to 15 m. Alt up to 2800 m. B, (3) Cannon. 1978. FZ 4: 557–561.
(4) Eichler. 1987. Feddes Repertorium 98: 1–51; 145–196, 273–351.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (5) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 215–220.
arborescens (Thunb.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. arborescens
Bupleurum arborescens Thunb., not of Jacq., illegitimate name (1) affinis Eckl. & Zeyh. = Centella affinis var. affinis
H. arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. integrifolia Sond., illegitimate name (2) *americana L.
H. arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. platyphyllum in sense of H.Wolff Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 100–2600
(2)
m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, L
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–8 m. Alt 10–1800 m. FS, KZN,
L, NC, WC, EC bonariensis Lam.
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 0–50 m.
arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. collina (Eckl. & KZN, EC
Zeyh.) Sond.
Bupleurum collinum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. (2) calliodus Cham. & Schltdl. = Centella calliodus
H. arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. collina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. debilis Eckl. & Zeyh. = Centella debilis
forma anomala H.Wolff (2)
H. arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. collina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. difformis Eckl. & Zeyh. = Centella difformis
forma normalis H.Wolff (2)
H. collina Eckl. & Zeyh. (2) dregeana Sond. = Centella tridentata var. dregeana
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–3 m. Alt 300–1500 m. KZN, EC eriantha Rich. = Centella eriantha var. eriantha
arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. collina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) eriantha Rich. var. glabrata Sond. = Centella laevis
Sond. forma anomala H.Wolff = H. arborescens var. collina flexuosa Eckl. & Zeyh. = Centella flexuosa
arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. collina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) fusca Eckl. & Zeyh. = Centella fusca
Sond. forma normalis H.Wolff = H. arborescens var. collina glabrata L.f. = Centella glabrata var. glabrata
arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. frutescens P.Winter hederifolia Burch. = Centella macrodus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt up to 1500 m. LIM, M,
S, KZN hermanniifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = Centella tridentata var. her-
manniifolia
arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. integrifolia Sond.,
illegitimate name = H. arborescens var. arborescens hermanniifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. littoralis Sond. = Centella
tridentata var. littoralis
arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. platyphyllum in sense of
H.Wolff = H. arborescens var. arborescens linifolia L.f. = Centella linifolia var. depressa
arborescens (Spreng.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. trifoliata (H.L.Wendl.) macrocarpa Rich. = Centella macrocarpa var. macrocarpa
Sond. = H. arborescens var. abyssinica montana Cham. & Schltdl. = Centella montana
collina Eckl. & Zeyh. = H. arborescens var. collina *ranunculoides L.f.
involucrata Conrath Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? B
H. kassneri H.Wolff (2) rupestris Eckl. & Zeyh. = Centella rupestris
H. stolzii H.Wolff (2)
schlechteri H.Wolff
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt 500–2600 m. M, S, Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? LIM, G, M
KZN
solandra L.f. = Centella capensis
kassneri H.Wolff = H. involucrata
papillosa C.C.Towns. tridentata L.f. = Centella tridentata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.8 m. Alt ± 1800 m. N triloba Thunb. = Centella triloba
DICOTYLEDONS APIACEAE Hermas

verticillata Thunb. capensis Sond. = P. sativa

Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 0–1500 m. sativa L.
B, LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, NC, WC P. capensis Sond. (2)
villosa L.f. = Centella villosa var. villosa Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 520–2200 m. NW, G,
virgata L.f. = Centella virgata var. virgata M, FS, KZN, WC, EC
ITASINA Raf. 6046020 *PETROSELINUM Hill 6006000

(1) Burtt. 1988. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45,1: 93, 94. (1) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 227.
(2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 220, 221. crispum (Mill.) A.W.Hill
P. hortense Hoffm. (1)
filifolia (Thunb.) Raf.
Thunbergiella filiformis (Koso-Pol.) H.Wolff (1) Biennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m, when in flower up to 0.8 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 20–1400 m. WC Alt? WC
hortense Hoffm. = P. crispum
LEFEBVREA A.Rich. 6116020
upingtoniae Schinz = Peucedanum upingtoniae PEUCEDANUM L. 6116000
(1) Linnaeus. 1753. Species plantarum edn 1, 1: 245, 246.
LICHTENSTEINIA Cham. & 5990000 (2) Ecklon & Zeyher. 1836. Enumeratio plantarum Africae australis extra-
tropicae: 859–931.
Schltdl. (3) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 553–559.
(1) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 542–544. (4) Bentham & Hooker. 1867. Genera plantarum 1: 918, 919.
(2) Bolus. 1907. Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society 16: (5) Engler & Prantl. 1898. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 3,8: 237.
136, 137. (6) Wolff. 1912. Botanische Jahrbücher 48: 278–283.
(3) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 221–225. (7) Phillips. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum 16: 108.
(4) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 277, 278. (8) Engler. 1921. Die Pflanzenwelt Afrikas 3,2: 793, 823.
(9) Wolff. 1921. Botanische Jahrbücher 57: 231–233.
beiliana Eckl. & Zeyh. var. beiliana = L. obscura (10) Burtt Davy. 1932. A manual of the flowering plants and ferns of the Transvaal
beiliana Eckl. & Zeyh. var. simplicior Sond. = L. obscura with Swaziland, South Africa 2: 520, 521.
(11) Adamson. 1938. Journal of Botany, London 76: 345.
crassijuga E.Mey. ex Sond. = L. trifida var. trifida (12) Cannon. 1970. Conspectus florae angolensis 4: 354–357.
interrupta (Thunb.) Sond. (13) Arnold. 1978. Bothalia 12: 441–443.
L. kolbeana Bolus (4) (14) Wijnands. 1983. Botany of the Commelins: 199, 200.
L. pyrethrifolia Cham. & Schltdl. (1) (15) Burtt. 1988. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45,1: 94.
(16) Burtt. 1989. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45,2: 200.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 500–1700 m. KZN, WC, EC (17) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 227–240.
kolbeana Bolus = L. interrupta (18) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 278, 279.
lacera Cham. & Schltdl. abbreviatum E.Mey. ex Meisn. = Glia prolifera
L. lacera Cham. & Schltdl. var. pinnatifida Sond. (3)
abbreviatum E.Mey. ex Sond., illegitimate name = P. camde-
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.4 m. Alt 20–300 m. WC booense
lacera Cham. & Schltdl. var. pinnatifida Sond. = L. lacera caffrum (Meisn.) E.Phillips
latifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. P. connatum E.Mey. (17)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 500–1500 m. WC, EC Seseli caffrum Meisn. (7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 10–2400 m. LIM, M,
obscura (Spreng.) Koso-Pol.
L. beiliana Eckl. & Zeyh. var. beiliana (3) FS, KZN, L, EC
L. beiliana Eckl. & Zeyh. var. simplicior Sond. (3) camdebooense B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 20–1200 m. WC P. abbreviatum E.Mey. ex Sond., illegitimate name (17)
pyrethrifolia Cham. & Schltdl. = L. interrupta Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC
trifida Cham. & Schltdl. var. palmata (DC.) Sond. capense (Thunb.) Sond. var. capense
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 500–1500 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 45–1830 m. M, S,
KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
trifida Cham. & Schltdl. var. pinnatifida Sond.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 500–1500 m. WC capense (Thunb.) Sond. var. lanceolatum Sond.
P. laevigatum (Aiton) H.Wolff (17)
trifida Cham. & Schltdl. var. trifida Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 30–1980 m. FS, L,
L. crassijuga E.Mey. ex Sond. (4)
NC, WC, EC
capillaceum Thunb. var. capillaceum
MARLOTHIELLA H.Wolff 5996010 Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt 300–1200 m. WC, EC
(1) Schreiber. 1967. FSWA 103: 7. capillaceum Thunb. var. rigidum Sond.
(2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 225. Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt 300–1200 m. WC, EC
gummifera H.Wolff connatum E.Mey. = P. caffrum
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 0–100 m. N
cynorhiza Sond. = P. typicum
OENANTHE L. 6046000 dregeanum D.Dietr.
P. ecklonianum Sond. (17)
ferulacea Thunb. = Peucedanum ferulaceum var. ferulaceum Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 765 m. EC
*PASTINACA L. 6120000 ecklonianum Sond. = P. dregeanum
(1) Linnaeus. 1753. Species plantarum edn 1, 1: 262. ferulaceum (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. ferulaceum
(2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 226. Oenanthe ferulacea Thunb. (2)
APIACEAE Hydrocotyle DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 10–1615 m. NC, WC typicum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) B.L.Burtt
P. cynorhiza Sond. (17)
ferulaceum (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. stadense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) P. olifantianum (Koso-Pol.) M.Hiroe (18)
Sond. Perennial. Herb. Ht 1.5–1.8 m. Alt 0–100 m. EC
upingtoniae (Schinz) Drude
galbaniopse H.Wolff Lefebvrea upingtoniae Schinz (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt up to 610 m. WC P. venosum Burtt Davy (17)
galbanum (L.) Drude Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 925–1220 m. LIM, M,
Bubon galbanum L. (4) S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt ± 100 m. WC venosum Burtt Davy = P. upingtoniae
hypoleucum (Meisn.) Drude = P. tenuifolium wilmsianum H.Wolff
gummiferum (L.) Wijnands Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 400–1100 m. KZN, EC
Glia gummifera (L.) Sond. (17) zeyheri Sond. = P. olifantianum
hypoleucum (Meisn.) Drude = P. tenuifolium PHLYCTIDOCARPA Cannon & 5970010
khamiesbergense B.L.Burtt
W.L.Theob.
(1) Schreiber. 1967. FSWA 103: 7, 8.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt ± 1800 m. NC (2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 240.
laevigatum (Aiton) H.Wolff = P. capense var. lanceolatum flava Cannon & W.L.Theob.
lateriflorum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. = Annesorhiza lateriflora Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt ± 1500 m. N
magalismontanum Sond.
P. schlechterianum H.Wolff (17) PIMPINELLA L. 6033000
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 800–2000 m. G, M, (1) Wolff. 1927. Das Pflanzenreich 90: 219–315.
S, FS, KZN
millefolium Sond. caffra (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt up to 100 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 10–3275 m. S, KZN,
L, EC
montanum (Sond.) Drude = P. tenuifolium
hydrophila H.Wolff
multiradiatum Drude Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt ± 1200 m. M
krookii H.Wolff
natalense (Sond.) Engl. Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 1000–1600 m. KZN
Seseli natalense Sond. (8)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 80–670 m. KZN reenensis Rech.f. = P. stadensis
olifantianum (Koso-Pol.) M.Hiroe = P. typicum schlechteri H.Wolff
pearsonii Adamson
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.7 m. Alt ± 1700 m. NC, WC stadensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr.
P. reenensis Rech.f. (2)
platycarpum E.Mey. ex Sond. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 300–2800 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 300–1200 m. KZN, EC transvaalensis H.Wolff
pungens E.Mey. ex Sond. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 975–2200 m. LIM,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt ± 200 m. WC G, M, S, FS, KZN
schlechterianum H.Wolff = P. magalismontanum
sieberianum Sond. = P. strictum PITURANTHOS Viv. 6013010
sonderi (M.Hiroe) B.L.Burtt = P. tenuifolium aphyllus (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Schinz
= Deverra denudata subsp. aphylla
striatum (Thunb.) Sond.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt up to 400 m. WC burchellii (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Schinz = Deverra
burchellii
strictum (Spreng.) B.L.Burtt
P. sieberianum Sond. (17)
POLEMANNIA Eckl. & Zeyh. 6045000
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 160–1220 m. WC (1) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 550, 551.
sulcatum Sond. (2) Engler. 1921. Die Pflanzenwelt Afrikas 3,2: 791, 816.
(3) Wolff. 1922. Botanische Jahrbücher 57: 228–230.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1.5–1.8 m. Alt 10–900 m. NC, WC (4) Hilliard & Burtt. 1986. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
tenuifolium Thunb. 43,2: 225–228.
Bubon hypoleucum Meisn. (4) (5) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 242, 243.
Bubon montanum Sond. (16) grossulariifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.
P. hypoleucum (Meisn.) Drude (18)
P. montanum (Sond.) Drude (16) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt up to 2010 m. EC
P. sonderi (M.Hiroe) B.L.Burtt (18) marlothii H.Wolff ex Engl. = Polemanniopsis marlothii
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 600–1400 m. WC, EC montana Schltr. & H.Wolff
thodei Arnold Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht up to 4 m. Alt up to 2715 m. FS,
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 1700–2600 m. M, KZN, KZN, L, EC
L, NC, EC simplicior Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
triternatum Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt up to 2900 m. FS,
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt ± 1000 m. WC KZN, L, EC
DICOTYLEDONS APIACEAE Peucedanum

verticillata Sond. = Anginon verticillatum didyma (Sond.) Adamson = Stoibrax capense

hispida (Thunb.) H.Wolff
POLEMANNIOPSIS B.L.Burtt 6045010 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 5–700 m. WC, EC
(1) Burtt. 1989. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 45,3: 493–501.
(2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 243, 244. humilis (Meisn.) H.Wolff
marlothii (H.Wolff) B.L.Burtt Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 50–300 m. KZN, EC
Annesorhiza marlothii (H.Wolff) M.Hiroe, illegitimate name (2) streyi Merxm. = Anginon streyi
Polemannia marlothii H.Wolff ex Engl. (1)
tenuis (Sond.) H.Wolff
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 140–1450 m. NC, WC
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 20–500 m. WC
RHYTICARPUS Sond. 5996000 STEGANOTAENIA Hochst. 6116010
difformis (L.) Briq. = Anginon difforme (1) Cannon. 1978. FZ 4: 616–619.
ecklonis Sond. = Anginon swellendamensis (3) Glen & Onderstall. 1991. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: t. 2031.
rugosus (Thunb.) Sond. = Anginon rugosum araliacea Hochst. var. araliacea
swellendamensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Briq. = Anginon swellen- Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 10 m. Alt 200–1200 m. N, B,
damensis LIM, M
SANICULA L. 5918000 STENOSEMIS E.Mey. ex Sond. 6078020
(1) Cannon. 1978. FZ 4: 565, 566. (1) Hilliard & Burtt. 1979. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
(2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 245, 246. 37,2: 324, 325.
elata Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
S. europaea in sense of Sond., misapplied name (1) angustifolia E.Mey. ex Sond.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 67–1950 m. LIM, M, Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 100–1900 m. KZN, EC
S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC caffra (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond.
europaea in sense of Sond., misapplied name = S. elata Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt up to 600 m. EC
SESELI L. 6042000 STOIBRAX Raf. 6014010
caffrum Meisn. = Peucedanum caffrum
natalense Sond. = Peucedanum natalense capense (Lam.) B.L.Burtt
Sonderina didyma (Sond.) Adamson (1)
SIUM L. 6038000 Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 30–300 m. WC
(1) Cannon. 1978. FZ 4: 597, 598.
*TORILIS Adans. 5945000
(1) Cannon. 1978. FZ 4: 570–572.
repandum Welw. ex Hiern (2) Burtt. 1991. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 48,2: 251, 252.
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 550–2150 arvensis (Huds.) Link
m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 6–1340 m. NC, WC, EC
thunbergii DC. = Berula erecta subsp. thunbergii nodosa (L.) Gaertn.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 516 m. EC
SONDERINA H.Wolff 6017010
(1) Wolff. 1927. Das Pflanzenreich 90: 93, 94.
(2) Adamson. 1939. Journal of South African Botany 5: 55. TRACHYSCIADIUM H.Wolff 6020020
(3) Merxmüller. 1951. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München capense Eckl. & Zeyh. = Ezosciadium capense
1: 19.
THUNBERGIELLA H.Wolff 6046010
caruifolia (Sond.) H.Wolff
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 20–800 m. WC filiformis (Koso-Pol.) H.Wolff = Itasina filifolia
APOCYNACEAE
Compiled by J.E. Victor, A. Nicholas, P.V. Bruyns, H.J.T. Venter & H.F. Glen
ACOKANTHERA G.Don 6558000 oppositifolia (Lam.) Codd

A. venenata in sense of Stapf, not of G.Don, misapplied name (2)
(2) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 245–250. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–6 m. Alt 0–1950 m.
(3) Kupicha. 1982. Kew Bulletin 37: 41–67. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
(4) Kupicha. 1985. FZ 7,2: 404–408.
oblongifolia (Hochst.) Codd rotundata (Codd) Kupicha
A. spectabilis (Sond.) Hook.f. (2) A. schimperi (A.DC.) Schweinf. var. rotundata Codd (3)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.8–6 m. Alt 0–950 m. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–5.5 m. Alt 0–1250 m.
KZN, EC LIM, M, S, KZN
APIACEAE Polemannia DICOTYLEDONS

schimperi (A.DC.) Schweinf. var. rotundata Codd = A. APOXYANTHERA Hochst. 6745010

rotundata
pubescens Hochst. = Raphionacme hirsuta
spectabilis (Sond.) Hook.f. = A. oblongifolia
venenata in sense of Stapf, not of G.Don, misapplied *ARAUJIA Brot. 6771000
name = A. oppositifolia (1) Forster & Bruyns. 1992. Taxon 41: 746–749.
sericifera Brot.
ADENIUM Roem. & Schult. 6680000 Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 10–1800 m. NW,
(1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 244–296.
(2) Plaizier. 1980. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen
G, KZN, L, WC, EC
80,12: 9–13.
(3) Plaizier. 1985. FZ 7,2: 395–503. ASCLEPIAS L. 6791000
(1) Schlechter. 1896. Journal of Botany 34: 455.
boehmianum Schinz (2) Brown. 1907–1909. FC 4,1: 315–1036.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 300–1200 (3) Phillips. 1926. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 6: tt. 204,
m. N 208, 228.
multiflorum Klotzsch (5) Bullock. 1952. Kew Bulletin 7: 405–426.
A. obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. var. multiflorum (Klotzsch)
(6) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA: 114.
Codd (2)
(7) Nicholas. 1987. Bothalia 17: 17–23.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 45–610 (8) Bruyns. 1995. Bothalia 25: 155–172.
m. LIM, M, S, KZN (9) Goyder. 1997. Kew Bulletin 52: 247, 248.
(10) Goyder & Nicholas. 2001. Kew Bulletin 56: 769–836.
obesum (Forssk.) Roem. & Schult. var. multiflorum (11) Goyder. 2001. Kew Bulletin 56: 129–161.
(Klotzsch) Codd = A. multiflorum (12) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe
oleifolium Stapf Asclepiadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis.
University of Durban-Westville, Durban.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt
700–1051 m. N, B, LIM, NC acerateoides (Schltr.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium acera-
swazicum Stapf teoides
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt adscendens (Schltr.) Schltr.
185–395 m. M, S Gomphocarpus adscendens Schltr. (1)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–300 mm. Alt
ANCYLOBOTRYS Pierre 6562020 450–1750 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
(1) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: t. 352. affinis (Schltr.) Schltr. = A. albens
(2) Kupicha. 1985. FZ 7,2: 422–427.
alatus Schltr. = Pachycarpus dealbatus
capensis (Oliv.) Pichon
Landolphia capensis Oliv. (2) albens (E.Mey.) Schltr.
A. affinis (Schltr.) Schltr. (12)
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 750–1900 Gomphocarpus affinis Schltr. (12)
m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, KZN Gomphocarpus albens (E.Mey.) Decne. (2)
petersiana (Klotzsch) Pierre Pachycarpus albens E.Mey. (2)
Landolphia petersiana (Klotzsch) T.-Dyer (2) Xysmalobium albens (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.2–6 m. Alt 15–860 m. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 200–500 mm. Alt 10–
LIM, KZN 1700 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
angustifolia Schweigg. = Gomphocarpus fruticosus
ANGOLLUMA R.Munster 6884040 subsp. fruticosus
lugardii (N.E.Br.) Plowes = Orbea lugardii anisophylla Conrath & Schltr. = Xysmalobium brownia-
miscella (N.E.Br.) Plowes = Orbea miscella num
rogersii (L.Bolus) Plowes = Orbea rogersii aphylla Thunb. = Sarcostemma viminale subsp. viminale
schweinfurthii (A.Berger) Plowes = Orbea schwein- appendiculata (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus appen-
furthii diculatus
ubomboensis (I.Verd.) Plowes = Orbea ubomboensis arborea Salisb. = Gomphocarpus cancellatus
arborescens L. = Gomphocarpus cancellatus
ANISOTOMA Fenzl 6868000 aurea (Schltr.) Schltr.
(1) Brown. 1907. FC 4: 315–418. A. aurea (Schltr.) Schltr. var. brevicuspis S.Moore (2)
A. aurea (Schltr.) Schltr. var. vittata N.E.Br. (2)
cordifolia Fenzl Gomphocarpus aureus Schltr. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? EC Gomphocarpus schizoglossoides Schltr. (2)
pedunculata N.E.Br. Schizoglossum pedunculatum Schltr. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? LIM, M, S, FS, Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 145–520 mm. Alt (750–)
KZN, L 1000–2000 m. N?, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS,
KZN, L, NC?, EC
APOCYNUM L. 6684000 aurea (Schltr.) Schltr. var. brevicuspis S.Moore = A. aurea
filiforme L.f. = Eustegia filiformis aurea (Schltr.) Schltr. var. vittata N.E.Br. = A. aurea
hastatum Thunb. = Eustegia minuta bicuspis N.E.Br.
minutum L.f. = Eustegia minuta Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 190–410 mm. Alt? KZN
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Acokanthera

brasiliensis (E.Fourn.) Schltr. = Gomphocarpus physo- cultriformis (Harv. ex Schltr.) Schltr.

carpus Gomphocarpus cultriformis Harv. ex Schltr. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–300 mm. Alt 450–
brevicuspis (E.Mey.) Schltr.
Gomphocarpus brevicuspis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2) 2380 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
Lagarinthus brevicuspis E.Mey. (2) *curassavica L.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht (130–)150–340(–430) A. margaritacea Hoffmanns. (12)
mm. Alt 50–1500 m. M, KZN, EC A. nivea L. var. curassavica (L.) Kuntze (12)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 400–1000 mm. Alt? G, KZN, WC,
brevipes (Schltr.) Schltr.
Gomphocarpus brevipes Schltr. (2) EC
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 120–295 mm. Alt 1200– daemia Forssk. = Pergularia daemia var. daemia
1600 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS dealbata (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus dealbatus
buchenaviana Schinz = Gomphocarpus filiformis decipiens N.E.Br. = Gomphocarpus fruticosus subsp.
burchellii Schltr. = Gomphocarpus tomentosus subsp. decipiens
tomentosus densiflora N.E.Br.
calceolus S.Moore = A. dregeana var. calceolus Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 240–540 mm. Alt 570–
1500 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
cancellata Burm.f. = Gomphocarpus cancellatus
depressa (Schltr.) Schltr. = A. multicaulis
chloroglossa Schltr. = Xysmalobium involucratum diploglossa (Turcz.) Druce = Aspidonepsis diploglossa
coarctata S.Moore = Kanahia laniflora disparilis N.E.Br.
cognata N.E.Br. = Aspidonepsis cognata Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 80–200 mm. Alt 750–
compressidens (N.E.Br.) Nicholas 1000 m. KZN, EC
A. navicularis (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. compressidens N.E.Br. (7) dissona N.E.Br.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–200 mm. Alt 30– Schizoglossum capitatum Schltr. (12)
140 m. EC Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 190–280 mm. Alt 1400–
concinna (Schltr.) Schltr. 1560 m. M
Gomphocarpus concinnus Schltr. (2) dregeana Schltr. var. calceolus (S.Moore) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 300–330 mm. Alt 900– A. calceolus S.Moore (12)
1500 m. KZN, EC A. dregeana Schltr. var. sordida N.E.Br. (12)
concolor (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus concolor Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 70–380 mm. Alt 300–
1600 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
confusa (Scott-Elliot) Schltr. = Xysmalobium confusum
cooperi N.E.Br. dregeana Schltr. var. dregeana
A. viridiflora (E.Mey.) Goyder, illegitimate name (12)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–300 mm. Alt 650– Gomphocarpus marginatus Schltr. (2)
1400 m. EC Gomphocarpus viridiflorus (E.Mey.) Decne. (2)
cornuta (Decne.) Cordem. = Gomphocarpus frutico- Pachycarpus viridiflorus E.Mey. (2)
Xysmalobium viridiflorum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
sus subsp. fruticosus
crassinervis N.E.Br. (4) 1200 m. KZN, EC
Stathmostelma crassinerve (N.E.Br.) Bullock (12)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 120–280 mm. Alt 900– dregeana Schltr. var. sordida N.E.Br. = A. dregeana
1400 m. M, S var. calceolus
crinita (Bertol.) N.E.Br. = Gomphocarpus fruticosus eminens (Harv.) Schltr.
Gomphocarpus eminens Harv. (2)
subsp. fruticosus Stenostelma eminens (Harv.) Bullock (12)
crispa P.J.Bergius var. crispa Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 160–370 mm. Alt 600–
A. sabulosa Schltr. (2) 1800 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
A. sinuosa Burm.f. (2)
A. undulata L. (1769), not of L. (1753) (12) eustegioides (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Schizoglossum euste-
Gomphocarpus arenarius Schltr. (2) gioides
Gomphocarpus crispus (P.J.Bergius) R.Br. (2)
Gomphocarpus hastatus E.Mey. var. angustifolius Meisn. (2) expansa (E.Mey.) Schltr.
Pachycarpus crispus (P.J.Bergius) E.Mey. (2) Gomphocarpus expansus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
Xysmalobium crispum (P.J.Bergius) D.Dietr. (2) Lagarinthus expansus E.Mey. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–388 mm. Alt 30– Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 220–720 mm. Alt 150–
900 m. NC, WC, EC 300(–900) m. EC
crispa P.J.Bergius var. plana N.E.Br. fallax (Schltr.) Schltr.
Gomphocarpus fallax Schltr. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–366 mm. Alt 15–60
m. EC
1800 m. NW, G, M
crispa P.J.Bergius var. pseudocrispa N.E.Br. filiformis (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f., not of Jacq. (1760),
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–366 mm. Alt ± 60 also not of L.f. (1781), invalid name = Gom-
m. EC phocarpus filiformis
cucullata (Schltr.) Schltr. filiformis (E.Mey.) Kuntze, not of Jacq. (1760), also not
Gomphocarpus cucullatus Schltr. (2)
Trachycalymma cucullatum (Schltr.) Bullock (12) of L.f. (1781) = Gomphocarpus filiformis
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 170–350 mm. Alt 1000– filiformis (E.Mey.) Kuntze var. buchenaviana (Schinz)
2400 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC N.E.Br. = Gomphocarpus filiformis
APOCYNACEAE Asclepias DICOTYLEDONS

filiformis L.f., not of (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook f., invalid laniflora Delile, not of Forssk., illegitimate name =
name = Schizoglossum linifolium var. linifolium Kanahia laniflora
flagellaris Bolus ex Schltr. = Gomphocarpus filiformis laniflora Forssk. = Kanahia laniflora
flanaganii Schltr. = A. hastata lilacina Weim. = Gomphocarpus glaucophyllus
flava N.E.Br. = Aspidonepsis flava linearis (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus linearis
flexuosa (E.Mey.) Schltr. lineolata (Decne.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus lineolatus
Gomphocarpus flexuosus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
Gomphocarpus fragrans Schltr. (2) mackenii (Harv.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus mackenii
Lagarinthus flexuosus E.Mey. (2) macra Schltr. = Pachycarpus suaveolens
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 210–420 mm. Alt 10– macrochila Schltr. = Pachycarpus macrochilus
1500(–1800) m. KZN, EC
macropus (Schltr.) Schltr.
fornicata N.E.Br. = Stathmostelma fornicatum subsp. Gomphocarpus macropus Schltr. (2)
fornicatum Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–400 mm. Alt 900–
fruticosa L. = Gomphocarpus fruticosus subsp. fruti- 2000 m. M, FS, KZN, EC
cosus margaritacea Hoffmanns. = A. curassavica
galpinii (Schltr.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus galpinii meliodora (Schltr.) Schltr.
geminata Roxb., naked name = Marsdenia sylvestris A. meliodora (Schltr.) Schltr. var. brevicoronata N.E.Br. (12)
A. meliodora (Schltr.) Schltr. var. meliodora (12)
geminiflora (Schltr.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus concolor Gomphocarpus meliodorus Schltr. (2)
gerrardii (Harv.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus campanulatus Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 30–120 mm. Alt 150–
var. sutherlandii 2150 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
gibba (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. gibba meliodora (Schltr.) Schltr. var. brevicoronata N.E.Br. =
A. oxytropis (Turcz.) Schltr. (2) A. meliodora
Gomphocarpus gibbus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
Gomphocarpus oxytropis Turcz. (2)
meliodora (Schltr.) Schltr. var. meliodora = A. meliodora
Lagarinthus gibbus E.Mey. (2) meyeriana (Schltr.) Schltr.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 14–300(–450) mm. Alt Gomphocarpus meyerianus Schltr. (2)
20–2500 m, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, Lagarinthus revolutus E.Mey. var. minor E.Mey. (2)
EC Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–260 mm. Alt 800–
1500 m. NW, G, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
gibba (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. media N.E.Br.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 120–310 mm. Alt (450–) microphylla Roth = Pentatropis capensis
1200–1400 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L microphylla Roxb., naked name = Pentatropis capensis
glaberrima (Oliv.) Schltr. = Kanahia laniflora monticola N.E.Br.
glaucophylla (Schltr.) Schltr. = Gomphocarpus glauco- Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 50–130 mm. Alt ± 2000
phyllus m. EC
gomphocarpoides (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium mucronata Thunb. = Woodia mucronata
gomphocarpoides var. gomphocarpoides multicaulis (E.Mey.) Schltr.
gordon-grayae Nicholas A. depressa (Schltr.) Schltr. (12)
Gomphocarpus depressus Schltr. (12)
Perennial. Geophytic, paludophytic herb. Ht 240–750 Gomphocarpus multicaulis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
mm. Alt 30–900 m. KZN Lagarinthus multicaulis E.Mey. (2)
grandiflora L.f. = Pachycarpus grandiflorus subsp. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 80–150 mm. Alt 1200–
grandiflorus 2200 m. G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
grandiflora L.f. var. chrysantha Schltr. = Pachycarpus multiflora (Decne.) N.E.Br.
grandiflorus subsp. grandiflorus Gomphocarpus multiflorus Decne. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? Distr.?
harveyana (Schltr.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium prunelloides
hastata (E.Mey.) Schltr. nana I.Verd.
A. flanaganii Schltr. (2) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht ± 110 mm. Alt ± 1360
Gomphocarpus asclepiaceus Schltr. (2) m. LIM
Gomphocarpus geminatus Schltr. (2) navicularis (E.Mey.) Schltr.
Gomphocarpus hastatus E.Mey. (2) Gomphocarpus navicularis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 220–380 mm. Alt 400– Lagarinthus navicularis E.Mey. (2)
600 m. EC Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 105–290 mm. Alt 20–
humilis (E.Mey.) Schltr. 900 m. EC
Gomphocarpus humilis (E.Mey.) Decne. (2) navicularis (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. compressidens N.E.Br.
Pachycarpus humilis E.Mey. (2)
Xysmalobium humile (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2) = A. compressidens
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 50–250 mm. Alt 1800– nivea L. var. curassavica (L.) Kuntze = A. curassavica
2900 m. FS, KZN, L, EC nuda Schumach. & Thonn. = Sarcostemma viminale
insignis (Schltr.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus transvaalensis subsp. viminale
lanata (E.Mey.) Druce = Gomphocarpus tomentosus nutans (Klotzsch) N.E.Br. = Gomphocarpus tomento-
subsp. tomentosus sus subsp. tomentosus
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Asclepias

ochroleuca (Schltr.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium gerrardii sinuosa Burm.f. = A. crispa var. crispa
orbicularis (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium orbiculare stellifera Schltr.
A. simplex (Schltr.) Schltr. (2)
oreophila Nicholas Gomphocarpus revolutus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 70–230 mm. Alt 1700– Gomphocarpus simplex Schltr. (2)
3000 m. KZN, L, EC Lagarinthus revolutus E.Mey. (2)
oxytropis (Turcz.) Schltr. = A. gibba var. gibba Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 120–290 mm. Alt 1000–
2100 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
pachyglossa (Schltr.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium parviflo-
rum stockenstromensis (Scott-Elliot) Schltr. = Xysmalobium
stockenstromense
pachystephana Schltr. = Schizoglossum linifolium var.
linifolium suaveolens Schltr. = Pachycarpus suaveolens
patens N.E.Br. sulphurea in sense of Schltr. = Xysmalobium gerrardii
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 200–840 mm. Alt 150– sulphurea in sense of S.Moore = Xysmalobium asperum
360 m. EC tenuis (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Schizoglossum linifolium var.
peltigera (E.Mey.) Schltr. linifolium
A. truncata Harv., not of D.Dietr. (2) transvaalensis (Schltr.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus trans-
Gomphocarpus peltigerus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
Lagarinthus peltigerus E.Mey. (2) vaalensis
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 310–820 mm. Alt 30– truncata Harv., not of D.Dietr. = A. peltigera
100 m. EC tysoniana Schltr. = Xysmalobium tysonianum
physocarpa (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Gomphocarpus physo- ulophylla Schltr.
carpus Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht ± 820 mm. Alt ± 330 m.
praemorsa Schltr. M
Gomphocarpus truncatus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
Gomphocarpus truncatus (E.Mey.) Harv. (2)
undulata L. (1753) = Xysmalobium undulatum
Lagarinthus truncatus E.Mey. (2) undulata L. (1769), not of L. (1753) = A. crispa var.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 240–560(–780) mm. crispa
Alt 60–450 m. KZN, EC valida (Schltr.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus asperifolius
procera Aiton = Calotropis procera velutina (Schltr.) Schltr.
pubescens L. = Gomphocarpus cancellatus Gomphocarpus velutinus Schltr. (2)
randii S.Moore Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 75–114 mm. Alt 900–
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–120 mm. Alt? N 1200 m. M
vexillare (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus vexillaris
rara N.E.Br.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 90–200 mm. Alt ± 360 m. vicaria N.E.Br.
EC Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 200–300 mm. Alt 1300–
2000 m. M, KZN, EC
rectinervis (Schltr.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium confusum
villosa Mill. = Gomphocarpus tomentosus var. tomen-
reenensis N.E.Br. = Aspidonepsis reenensis
tosus
reflectens (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus reflectens
viridiflora (E.Mey.) Goyder, illegitimate name = A. dre-
rigidus (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus rigidus geana var. dregeana
rivalis S.Moore = Kanahia laniflora woodii (Schltr.) Schltr.
rivularis (Schltr.) Schltr. = Gomphocarpus rivularis Gomphocarpus woodii Schltr. (2)
rostrata N.E.Br. = Gomphocarpus fruticosus subsp.
1400 m. KZN
rostratus
xysmalobioides Hilliard & B.L.Burtt, not of S.Moore
rotundifolia Mill. = Gomphocarpus cancellatus
sabulosa Schltr. = A. crispa var. crispa 2500 m. KZN, L
salicifolia Salisb. = Gomphocarpus fruticosus subsp.
fruticosus ASPIDOGLOSSUM E.Mey. 6778010
(1) Brown. 1907–1909. FC 4,1: 315–1036.
scabra (Harv.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus scaber (2) Kupicha. 1984. Kew Bulletin 38: 633–666.
scabridifolia Schltr. = Xysmalobium acerateoides (3) Hilliard. 1989. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
45: 179–182.
schinziana (Schltr.) Schltr. = Pachycarpus schinzianus
schlechteri (K.Schum.) N.E.Br. araneiferum (Schltr.) Kupicha
Schizoglossum araneiferum Schltr. (2)
Gomphocarpus schlechteri K.Schum. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 535–550 mm. Alt ± 800
1800 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
m. S, KZN
biflorum E.Mey.
schweinfurthii N.E.Br. = Pachycarpus lineolatus Schizoglossum biflorum (E.Mey.) Schltr. (2)
semiamplectens (K.Schum.) Hiern = Gomphocarpus semi- Schizoglossum biflorum (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. concinnum (Schltr.)
amplectens N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum biflorum (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. integrum N.E.Br. (2)
simplex (Schltr.) Schltr. = A. stellifera Schizoglossum conrathii Schltr. (2)
APOCYNACEAE Asclepias DICOTYLEDONS

Schizoglossum excisum Schltr. (2) Schizoglossum filipes Schltr. (2)

Schizoglossum strictum Schltr. (2) Schizoglossum guthriei Schltr. (2)
Schizoglossum tubulosum Schltr. (2) Schizoglossum lunatum Schltr. (2)
Schizoglossum venustum Schltr. (2) Schizoglossum monticola Schltr. (2)
Schizoglossum venustum Schltr. var. concinnum Schltr. (2) Schizoglossum parcum N.E.Br. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 200–700 mm. Alt 725– Schizoglossum parvulum Schltr. var. parvulum (2)
Schizoglossum parvulum Schltr. var. sessile N.E.Br. (2)
1830 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC Schizoglossum tenue (Arn.) Druce (2)
carinatum (Schltr.) Kupicha Schizoglossum tomentosum Schltr. (2)
Schizoglossum carinatum Schltr. (2) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–1000 mm. Alt 8–1710
Schizoglossum tricuspidatum Schltr. (2) m. KZN, L, WC, EC
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht (150–)300–600 mm. Alt
5–1020 m. KZN, L, EC grandiflorum (Schltr.) Kupicha
Schizoglossum grandiflorum Schltr. (2)
delagoense (Schltr.) Kupicha Schizoglossum macowanii N.E.Br. var. macowanii (2)
Schizoglossum biauriculatum Schltr. (2) Schizoglossum macowanii N.E.Br. var. tugelense N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum delagoense Schltr. (2) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 200–450 mm. Alt 10–44 1750 m. FS, KZN, EC
m. KZN heterophyllum E.Mey.
demissum Kupicha Schizoglossum consimile N.E.Br. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 50–60 mm. Alt ± 2040 Schizoglossum harveyi N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum heterophyllum (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. heterophyllum (2)
m. KZN Schizoglossum heterophyllum (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. majus N.E.Br. (2)
difficile Hilliard Schizoglossum heterophyllum (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. schinzianum
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht ± 450 mm. Alt? KZN (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum schinzianum Schltr. (2)
dissimile (N.E.Br.) Kupicha Schizoglossum villosum Schltr. (2)
Schizoglossum dissimile N.E.Br. var. dissimile (2) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 50–120(–230) mm. Alt
Schizoglossum dissimile N.E.Br. var. pubiflorum N.E.Br. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 60–200 mm. Alt ?–2225 60–690 m. WC, EC
m. M, KZN, EC interruptum (E.Mey.) Bullock
Gomphocarpus interruptus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
fasciculare E.Mey. Lagarinthus abyssinicus Hochst. ex Benth., superfluous name, ille-
Schizoglossum ciliatum Schltr. (2) gitimate (2)
Schizoglossum fasciculare (E.Mey.) Schltr. (2) Lagarinthus interruptus E.Mey. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–340 mm. Alt 765– Schizoglossum altissimum Schltr. (2)
1500 m. KZN, EC Schizoglossum barberae Schltr. (2)
Schizoglossum interruptum (E.Mey.) Schltr. (2)
flanaganii (Schltr.) Kupicha Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 500–1500 mm. Alt 5–
Schizoglossum flanaganii Schltr. (2)
2560 m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 180–300 mm. Alt 5–30
m. EC lamellatum (Schltr.) Kupicha
Schizoglossum bilamellatum Schltr.(2)
glabrescens (Schltr.) Kupicha Schizoglossum bilamellatum Schltr. var. cordylogynoides Schltr. (2)
Schizoglossum barbatum Schltr., illegitimate name (2) Schizoglossum lamellatum Schltr. (2)
Schizoglossum glabrescens Schltr. (2) Schizoglossum propinquum S.Moore (2)
Schizoglossum glabrescens Schltr. var. longirostre (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum hirtiflorum N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–600 mm. Alt up to
Schizoglossum longirostre Schltr. (2) 1700 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
Schizoglossum loreum S.Moore (2) masaicum (N.E.Br.) Kupicha
Schizoglossum schlechteri N.E.Br. (2) Schizoglossum baumii Schltr. ex N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum tenuissimum Schltr. (2) Schizoglossum masaicum N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum tridens N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum unicum N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht (120–)350–700(–1100)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 350–600 m. Alt 1200– mm. Alt? N
2100 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, EC ovalifolium (Schltr.) Kupicha
Schizoglossum contracurvum N.E.Br. (2)
glanduliferum (Schltr.) Kupicha Schizoglossum ovalifolium Schltr. (2)
Schizoglossum auriculatum N.E.Br. (2) Schizoglossum pumilum Schltr. (2)
Schizoglossum commixtum N.E.Br. (2) Schizoglossum robustum Schltr. var. inandense N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum glanduliferum Schltr. (2) Schizoglossum robustum Schltr. var. pubiflorum N.E.Br. in part (2)
Schizoglossum parile N.E.Br. (2) Schizoglossum robustum Schltr. var. robustum (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 250–500 mm. Alt ?– Schizoglossum striatum Schltr. (2)
1980 m. M, FS, KZN, EC Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 60–330 mm. Alt 30–
gracile (E.Mey.) Kupicha 1740 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
Gomphocarpus gracilis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
Lagarinthus exilis Decne., superfluous name, illegitimate (2) restioides (Schltr.) Kupicha
Schizoglossum pallidum Schltr. (2)
Lagarinthus gracilis E.Mey. (2)
Schizoglossum randii S.Moore (2)
Rhinolobium tenue Arn. (2)
Schizoglossum restioides Schltr. (2)
Schizoglossum addoense N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum bolusii Schltr. (2) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 500–700 mm. Alt up to
Schizoglossum bowkerae N.E.Br. (2) 1525 m. NW, G, M, FS?, NC?, EC
Schizoglossum buchananii N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum burchellii N.E.Br. (2) uncinatum (N.E.Br.) Kupicha
Schizoglossum uncinatum N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum dregei N.E.Br. (2)
Schizoglossum exile (Decne.) Schltr. (2) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 90–200 mm. Alt ?–915
Schizoglossum filifolium Schltr. (2) m. EC
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Aspidoglossum

validum Kupicha BAYNESIA Bruyns 6884025

Schizoglossum robustum Schltr. var. pubiflorum N.E.Br. in part (2)
(1) Bruyns. 2000. Novon 10: 354–358.
1220 m. M, S lophophora Bruyns
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–80 mm. Alt 1500–1600 m. N
virgatum (E.Mey.) Kupicha
Gomphocarpus virgatus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (1)
Lagarinthus virgatus E.Mey. (2)
BLEPHARANTHERA Schltr. 6870020
Schizoglossum virgatum (E.Mey.) Schltr. (2) dinteri Schltr. = Brachystelma blepharanthera
1650 m. KZN, EC BOUCEROSIA Wight & Arn. 6884070
woodii (Schltr.) Kupicha incarnata (L.f.) N.E.Br. = Quaqua incarnata subsp.
Schizoglossum woodii Schltr. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 550–1400 mm. Alt 60– incarnata
1800 m. KZN, EC mammillaris (L.) N.E.Br. = Quaqua mammillaris
xanthosphaerum Hilliard
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 60–150 mm. Alt up to BRACHYSTELMA R.Br. 6870000
2000 m. M, KZN (1) Brown. 1909. FC 4,1: 849, 850.
(2) Dyer. 1980. FSA 27: 1–41.
(3) Dyer. 1983. Ceropegia, Brachystelma and Riocreuxia in southern
ASPIDONEPSIS Nicholas & 6778030 Africa.
Goyder (4) Forster. 1986. Bothalia 16: 227, 228.
(1) Nicholas & Goyder. 1992. Bothalia 22: 23–35. (5) Boele. 1989. Excelsa 14: 45–53.
(2) Nicholas & Goyder. 1993. Bothalia 23: 236. (6) Peckover. 1992. Aloe 29: 56, 57, 66.
(7) Bruyns. 1995. Bothalia 25: 155–172.
cognata (N.E.Br.) Nicholas & Goyder (8) Peckover. 1996. Aloe 33: 41–43.
Asclepias cognata N.E.Br. (1) (9) Meve & Liede. 2001. Plant Systematics & Evolution 228: 89–105.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 180–550 mm. Alt 1200– Note: inclusion of Tenaris and Macropetalum in Brachystelma in-
2100 m. KZN, EC ferred from noncoding nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences.
diploglossa (Turcz.) Nicholas & Goyder alpinum R.A.Dyer
Asclepias diploglossa (Turcz.) Druce (1) Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–50 mm. Alt 2300–2500 m.
Gomphocarpus diploglossus Turcz. (1) L
angustum Peckover
2400 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 20–40 mm. Alt 1500–1700 m.
flava (N.E.Br.) Nicholas & Goyder M
Asclepias flava N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 180–475 mm. Alt 600– arnotii Baker
B. grossartii Dinter (2)
2000 m. KZN, EC
reenensis (N.E.Br.) Nicholas & Goyder N, B, NW, NC
Asclepias reenensis N.E.Br. (1, 2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 240–625 mm. Alt 1500– australe R.A.Dyer
2100 m. M, S, KZN, L Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 10–50 mm. Alt 50–600 m.
KZN, EC
shebae Nicholas & Goyder
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 190–340 mm. Alt 1400– barberae Harv. ex Hook.f.
Dichaelia barberae (Harv. ex Hook.f.) Bullock (2)
2100 m. M
LIM, G, KZN, EC
ASTEPHANUS R.Br. 6758000
(1) Bullock. 1963. Kew Bulletin 17: 183–196. blepharanthera H.Huber
Blepharanthera dinteri Schltr. (2)
frutescens E.Mey. = Secamone filiformis Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 20–60 mm. Alt 1200–1700 m.
marginatus Decne. N
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 5–150 m. WC, EC brevipedicellatum Turrill
neglectus Schltr. = A. triflorus B. ringens E.A.Bruce (3)
triflorus (L.f.) Schult.
A. neglectus Schltr. (1) LIM, NW, M
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 5–640 m. NC, WC bruceae R.A.Dyer subsp. bruceae
Perennial. Geophyte, creeping. Length 0.12–0.2 m. Alt
BAISSEA A.DC. 6663000 1000–2200 m. M
(1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 276–278. bruceae R.A.Dyer subsp. hirsutum R.A.Dyer
(2) De Kruif. 1985. FZ 7,2: 495–498. Perennial. Geophyte, creeping. Length 0.12–0.2 m. Alt
wulfhorstii Schinz ?–2200 m. M
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 915–1525 m. burchellii (Decne.) Peckover var. burchellii
N, B B. burchellii (Decne.) Peckover var. grandiflora (N.E.Br.) Meve (9)
Macropetalum burchellii Decne. var. burchellii (8)
BARROWIA Decne. 6862010 Macropetalum burchellii Decne. var. grandiflora N.E.Br. (9)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 800–1300 m. B,
jasminiflora Decne. = Orthanthera jasminiflora LIM, G, FS, KZN, EC
APOCYNACEAE Aspidoglossum DICOTYLEDONS

burchellii (Decne.) Peckover var. grandiflora (N.E.Br.) duplicatum R.A.Dyer

Meve = B. burchellii var. burchellii B. floribundum R.A.Dyer, not of Turrill, illegitimate name (2)
caffrum (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
FS
Perennial. Geophyte, creeping. Length 20–100 mm. Alt
300–1600 m. EC dyeri K.Balkwill & M.Balkwill
campanulatum N.E.Br.
M
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 20–50 mm. Alt 400–700 m. EC
elongatum (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
canum R.A.Dyer B. distinctum N.E.Br. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ± 1300 m. NW Dichaelia elongata Schltr. (2)
cathcartense R.A.Dyer Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 50–150 mm. Alt 400–1600 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 50–70 mm. Alt 1200–1400 m. EC
EC filifolium (N.E.Br.) Peckover
caudatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. = B. tuberosum Tenaris filifolia N.E.Br. (8)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? M, S, KZN
chloranthum (Schltr.) Peckover
Tenaris chlorantha Schltr. (8) flavidum Schltr. = B. pygmaeum subsp. flavidum
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 1100–1400 m. G floribundum R.A.Dyer, not of Turrill, illegitimate name
chlorozonum E.A.Bruce = B. duplicatum
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 50–100 mm. Alt 50–1300 m. foetidum Schltr.
M, KZN B. rehmannii Schltr. (2)
christianeae Peckover Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 70–150 mm. Alt 500–1400 m.
Tenaris christianeae (Peckover) J.E.Victor & Nicholas (6) B, LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, L
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1000–1200 m. franksiae N.E.Br.
KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 300–900 m. KZN
circinatum E.Mey. galpinii (Schltr.) N.E.Br. = B. circinatum
B. galpinii (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (2)
B. pallidum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (2)
gemmeum R.A.Dyer
Dichaelia circinata (E.Mey.) Schltr. (2) Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.7 m. Alt 400–600 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 20–150 mm. Alt 500–1600 LIM
m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC gerrardii Harv.
B. nigrum R.A.Dyer (2)
coddii R.A.Dyer Dichaelia gerrardii Harv. (2)
Perennial. Geophyte, creeping. Length 0.05–1 m. Alt Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 400–1800 m. M,
1500–2000 m. M, S KZN
codonanthum Bruyns glenense R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 20–150 mm. Alt 1100–1200 Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 50–100 mm. Alt 1000–1400 m.
m. N LIM, FS
comaru E.Mey. = Fockea comaru gracile E.A.Bruce
comptum N.E.Br. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.7 m. Alt 50–1600 m. B,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 70–150 mm. Alt 100–500 m. EC LIM, KZN
cupulatum R.A.Dyer gracillimum R.A.Dyer
Dichaelia gracillima (R.A.Dyer) Bullock (2)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–150 mm. Alt 900–1600 Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.35–0.45 m. Alt ± 1200 m.
m. N, B, NC
NW
decipiens N.E.Br. grossartii Dinter = B. arnotii
gymnopodum (Schltr.) Bruyns
EC Ceropegia gymnopoda Schltr. (7)
delicatum R.A.Dyer Ceropegia pumila N.E.Br. (7)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 20–60 mm. Alt 300–700 m. Ceropegia pygmaea Schinz (7)
EC Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 50–120 mm. Alt 500–1600 m.
N, B, LIM, NW, G
dimorphum R.A.Dyer subsp. dimorphum
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 10–50 mm. Alt 1200–1400 m. hirsutum E.Mey. = Raphionacme hirsuta
NW, FS, NC hirtellum Weimarck
B. pilosum R.A.Dyer (5)
dimorphum R.A.Dyer subsp. gratum R.A.Dyer Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 1000–1300 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 10–50 mm. Alt ± 1300 m. FS LIM
dinteri Schltr. huttonii (Harv.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 50–500 mm. Alt 1200–1700 m. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–120 mm. Alt 300–1200 m.
N, B EC
discoideum R.A.Dyer incanum R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 50–100 mm. Alt 1100–1300 m. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 50–100 mm. Alt 1300–1500 m.
B, G NW
distinctum N.E.Br. = B. elongatum inconspicuum S.Venter
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Brachystelma

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.3 m. Alt 1100–1300 m. pilosum R.A.Dyer = B. hirtellum

LIM praelongum S.Moore
kerzneri Peckover Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–150 mm. Alt 1400–2000
Perennial. Geophyte, spreading. Length 50–150 mm. Alt m. FS, L
± 50 m. EC pulchellum (Harv.) Schltr.
longifolium (Schltr.) N.E.Br. Perennial. Geophyte, creeping. Length 50–250 mm. Alt
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? M 700–1000 m. KZN
luteum Peckover pygmaeum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. subsp. flavidum (Schltr.)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 50–70 mm. Alt 400–700 m. EC R.A.Dyer
B. flavidum Schltr. (2)
macropetalum (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 1200–1800 m. LIM, Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 40–80 mm. Alt 200–1600 m.
M M, KZN
mafekingense N.E.Br. = Ceropegia mafekingensis pygmaeum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. subsp. pygmaeum
B. pygmaeum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. var. breviflorum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (2)
meyerianum Schltr. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 40–80 mm. Alt 800–1600 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–150 mm. Alt 1100–1600 m. M, KZN, EC
EC
pygmaeum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. var. breviflorum (Schltr.)
micranthum E.Mey. N.E.Br. = B. pygmaeum subsp. pygmaeum
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 50–70 mm. Alt ± 1200 m. EC
ramosissimum (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
minimum R.A.Dyer Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 1000–1300 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–60 mm. Alt 300–600 m. EC NW, G, FS
minor E.A.Bruce recurvatum Bruyns
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt 1400–1600 m. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 60–300 mm. Alt 1300–1750
LIM, M m. N
modestum R.A.Dyer rehmannii Schltr. = B. foetidum
remotum R.A.Dyer
KZN
Perennial. Geophyte, creeping. Length 30–60 mm. Alt
molaventi Peckover & A.E.van Wyk 1800–2300 m. M, KZN
Perennial. Geophyte, creeping. Length 30–150 mm.
ringens E.A.Bruce = B. brevipedicellatum
Alt 1300–1350 m. KZN
rubellum (E.Mey.) Peckover
montanum R.A.Dyer Tenaris rostrata N.E.Br. (8)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–50 mm. Alt ± 2000 m. EC Tenaris rubella E.Mey. (8)
nanum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. Tenaris simulans N.E.Br. (8)
Tenaris volkensii K.Schum. (8)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 20–80 mm. Alt 1000–1400
m. NW, G, M, FS Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 50–1300 m.
M, S, KZN, EC
natalense (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.5 m. Alt 600–800 m. KZN sandersonii (Oliv.) N.E.Br.
Dichaelia natalensis Schltr. (2)
ngomense R.A.Dyer Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 10–200 m. KZN,
Perennial. Geophyte, creeping. Length 50–200 mm. EC
Alt 1200–1300 m. KZN schinzii (K.Schum.) N.E.Br.
nigrum R.A.Dyer = B. gerrardii Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–150 mm. Alt 1100–1800 m.
occidentale Schltr. N
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–80 mm. Alt 50–150 m. schizoglossoides (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
WC Sisyranthus schizoglossoides N.E.Br. (1)
oianthum Schltr. Perennial. Herb. Ht 50–250 mm. Alt 400–800 m. EC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 60–80 mm. Alt 1000–1600 m. schoenlandianum Schltr.
LIM, M Perennial. Geophyte. Ht ± 50 mm. Alt ± 150 m. EC
pachypodium R.A.Dyer schultzei (Schltr.) Bruyns
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 70–200 mm. Alt 1400–1600 m. Tenaris schultzei (Schltr.) E.Phillips (7)
LIM, M Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 50–200 mm. Alt 1200–1600 m.
N, B
pallidum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. = B. circinatum
setosum Peckover
parvulum R.A.Dyer Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–50 mm. Alt 1600–2100 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–60 mm. Alt 1000–1200 m. M LIM, M
perditum R.A.Dyer
sinuatum E.Mey. = Fockea sinuata
FS, KZN, L stellatum E.A.Bruce & R.A.Dyer
petraeum R.A.Dyer Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 20–50 mm. Alt 1800–2200 m.
Perennial. Geophyte, creeping. Length 30–100 mm. Alt M
± 1500 m. KZN stenophyllum (Schltr.) R.A.Dyer
APOCYNACEAE Brachystelma DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–150 mm. Alt 1000–1600 aurea C.A.Lückh. = Quaqua aurea
m. N, NW, G, FS ausana Dinter & A.Berger = Quaqua incarnata subsp.
swazicum R.A.Dyer hottentotorum
Perennial. Geophyte, creeping. Length 50–250 mm. bredae R.A.Dyer var. bredae = Orbea miscella
Alt 1300–1600 m. M, S
bredae R.A.Dyer var. thomallae R.A.Dyer = Orbea
tabularium R.A.Dyer miscella
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht ± 200 mm. Alt ± 100 m. EC
carnosa Stent = Orbea carnosa subsp. carnosa
tenellum R.A.Dyer
caudata N.E.Br. subsp. rhodesiaca L.C.Leach = Orbea
caudata subsp. rhodesiaca
KZN
caudata N.E.Br. var. milleri Nel = Orbea caudata
tenue R.A.Dyer
subsp. rhodesiaca
KZN chlorantha Schltr. (insufficiently known, probably a hybrid)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC
thunbergii N.E.Br.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 200–1400 cincta C.A.Lückh. = Quaqua cincta
m. KZN, WC dependens N.E.Br. = Quaqua parviflora subsp. depen-
tuberosum (Meerb.) R.Br. ex Sims dens
B. caudatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. (4)
ericeta Nel = Quaqua parviflora subsp. gracilis
EC fosteri Pillans = Orbea carnosa subsp. keithii
vahrmeijeri R.A.Dyer framesii Pillans = Quaqua framesii
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 60–100 mm. Alt 20–100 m. gerstneri Letty = Orbea gerstneri subsp. gerstneri
KZN gerstneri Letty subsp. elongata R.A.Dyer = Orbea ger-
villosum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. stneri subsp. elongata
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 500–1500 m. gracilis C.A.Lückh. = Quaqua parviflora subsp. gra-
LIM, M, S, KZN cilis
virgatum Dieter. = Sisyranthus virgatus grandidens I.Verd. = Orbea maculata subsp. maculata
CALLICHILIA Stapf 6607000 hottentotorum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = Quaqua incarnata
(1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 272. subsp. hottentotorum
(2) Beentje. 1978. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen incarnata (L.f.) N.E.Br. = Quaqua incarnata subsp. in-
78-7: 1–32. carnata
(3) Beentje. 1985. FZ 7,2: 449, 450.
(4) Von Breitenbach et al. 2001. Pocket list of southern African incarnata (L.f.) N.E.Br. var. alba (G.Don) N.E.Br. =
indigenous trees: 191. Quaqua incarnata subsp. incarnata
(5) Coates Palgrave. 2002. Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of southern
Africa, edn 3: 954. intermedia (N.E.Br.) Schltr. (insufficiently known)
Stapelia intermedia N.E.Br. (1)
orientalis S.Moore Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC
Ephippiocarpa orientalis (S.Moore) Markgr. (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.2–3 m. Alt 10–120 m. inversa N.E.Br. = Quaqua inversa
KZN kalaharica Nel in A.C.White & B.Sloane = Orbea kno-
belii
*CALOTROPIS R.Br. 6792000 keithii R.A.Dyer = Orbea carnosa subsp. keithii
(1) Rahman & Wilcock. 1991. Nordic Journal of Botany 11: 301–308.
knobelii (E.Phillips) E.Phillips = Orbea knobelii
procera (Aiton) R.Br.
Asclepias procera Aiton (1) langii A.C.White & B.Sloane = Orbea knobelii
Perennial. Shrub or small tree. Ht 1−4 m. Alt? NW lateritia N.E.Br. = Orbea lutea subsp. lutea
CANAHIA Steud. 6780010 leendertziae N.E.Br. = Orbea melanantha
linearis N.E.Br. = Quaqua linearis
laniflora Steud. = Kanahia laniflora
longicuspis N.E.Br. = Orbea lugardii
CARALLUMA R.Br. 6884000 longipes N.E.Br. = Pectinaria longipes subsp. longipes
(1) Bruyns. 1999. Botanische Jahrbücher 121: 311–402. longipes N.E.Br. var. villetii C.A.Lückh. = Pectinaria
acutiloba N.E.Br. = Quaqua acutiloba longipes subsp. villetii
albocastanea (Marloth) L.C.Leach = Orbea albocas- lugardii N.E.Br. = Orbea lugardii
tanea lutea N.E.Br. = Orbea lutea subsp. lutea
aperta (Masson) N.E.Br. = Tromotriche aperta lutea N.E.Br. subsp. vaga (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach = Orbea
arenicola N.E.Br. = Quaqua arenicola subsp. arenicola lutea subsp. vaga
armata N.E.Br. = Quaqua armata subsp. armata lutea N.E.Br. var. lateritia (N.E.Br.) Nel = Orbea lutea
atrosanguinea (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = Piaranthus atrosan- subsp. lutea
guineus maculata N.E.Br. = Orbea maculata subsp. maculata
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Brachystelma

maculata N.E.Br. var. brevidens H.Huber = Orbea macu- CARISSA L. 6559000

lata subsp. rangeana (1) Phillips. 1926. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 6: t. 226.
mammillaris (L.) N.E.Br. = Quaqua mammillaris (2) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 250–258.
(3) Kupicha. 1985. FZ 7,2: 398–404.
marlothii N.E.Br. = Quaqua marlothii (4) Leeuwenberg & Van Dilst. 2001. Wageningen University Papers
marlothii N.E.Br. var. viridis E.Lamb = Quaqua mar- 2001-1: 3–109.
lothii bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan
C. bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan subsp. zambesiensis Kupicha (4)
maughani R.A.Dyer = Pectinaria maughanii C. bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Codd (4)
melanantha (Schltr) N.E.Br. = Orbea melanantha C. haematocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. (4)
C. wyliei N.E. Br. (4)
multiflora R.A.Dyer = Quaqua multiflora Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–5.5 m. Alt 0–2050 m. N, B,
nebrownii A.Berger = Orbea lutea subsp. vaga LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC, WC, EC
nebrownii A.Berger var. discolor Nel = Orbea lutea bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan subsp. zambesiensis
subsp. vaga Kupicha = C. bispinosa
nebrownii A.Berger var. pseudonebrownii (Dinter) bispinosa (L.) Desf. ex Brenan var. acuminata (E.Mey.)
A.C.White & B.Sloane = Orbea lutea subsp. vaga Codd = C. bispinosa
ortholoba Lavranos = Quaqua acutiloba edulis Vahl
parviflora (Masson) N.E.Br. = Quaqua parviflora subsp. Azima pubescens Suess. (2)
parviflora Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–5.5 m. Alt 300–1950 m. N, B,
LIM, M
peschii Nel
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–150 mm. Alt 1000–1300 grandiflora (E.Mey.) A.DC. = C. macrocarpa
m. N haematocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC. = C. bispinosa
pillansii N.E.Br. = Quaqua pillansii macrocarpa (Eckl.) A.DC.
C. grandiflora (E.Mey.) A.DC. (2)
pruinosa (Masson) N.E.Br. = Quaqua pruinosa
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 0–500 m. KZN, WC,
pruinosa (Masson) N.E.Br. var. nigra C.A.Lückh. = EC
Quaqua pruinosa
tetramera (Sacleux) Stapf
pseudonebrownii Dinter = Orbea lutea subsp. vaga Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–3 m. Alt 0–550 m. LIM, M,
ramosa (Masson) N.E.Br. = Quaqua ramosa S, KZN
rangeana Dinter & A.Berger = Orbea maculata subsp. wyliei N.E.Br. = C. bispinosa
rangeana
reflexa C.A.Lückh. = Quaqua parviflora subsp. depen- CARUNCULARIA Haw. 6885200
dens aperta (Masson) Sweet = Tromotriche aperta
rogersii (L.Bolus) E.A.Bruce & R.A.Dyer = Orbea pedunculata (Masson) Haw. = Tromotriche peduncu-
rogersii lata
rubiginosa Werderm. = Orbea melanantha
schweickerdtii Oberm. = Orbea carnosa subsp. keithii
*CATHARANTHUS G.Don 6597000
(1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 267, 268.
schweinfurthii A.Berger = Orbea schweinfurthii (2) Plaizier. 1985. FZ 7,2: 453–456.
serpentina Nel = Notechidnopsis tessellata (3) Henderson. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: 45.
(4) Van Bergen. 1996. Wageningen Agricultural University Papers
simulans N.E.Br. = Quaqua marlothii 96-3: 3–46.
swanepoelii Lavranos = Quaqua parviflora subsp. roseus (L.) G.Don
swanepoelii Lochnera rosea (L.) Rchb. ex Endl. (1)
tessellata Pillans = Notechidnopsis tessellata Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 0–1550 m.
N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
tsumebensis Oberm. = Orbea huillensis subsp. huillen-
sis CEROPEGIA L. 6874000
ubomboensis I.Verd. = Orbea ubomboensis (1) Huber. 1957. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 12: 1–203.
(2) Dyer. 1980. FSA 27: 43–82.
umdausensis Nel = Tromotriche umdausensis (3) Field. 1981. Kew Bulletin 36: 441–450.
vaga (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane = Orbea lutea (4) Field. 1982. Kew Bulletin 37: 305–313.
subsp. vaga (5) Bruyns. 1984. Dinteria 17: 1–61.
(6) Bruyns. 1985. Bradleya 3: 1–47.
valida N.E.Br. = Orbea valida subsp. valida (7) Bruyns. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 280–290.
vansonii Bremek. & Oberm. = Orbea lutea subsp. lutea africana R.Br. subsp. africana
villetii C.A.Lückh. = Quaqua inversa Perennial. Succulent, climber. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 200–
virescens C.A.Lückh. = Quaqua parviflora subsp. 1000 m. KZN, WC, EC
parviflora africana R.Br. subsp. barklyi Bruyns
C. barkleyi Hook.f. (5)
wilfriedii Dinter, naked name = Quaqua acutiloba C. barkleyi Hook.f. var. tugelensis N.E.Br. (2)
winkleriana (Dinter) A.C.White & B.Sloane = Quaqua Perennial. Succulent, climber, geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.5
mammillaris m. Alt 300–1200 m. M, KZN, WC, EC
APOCYNACEAE Caralluma DICOTYLEDONS

ampliata E.Mey. var. ampliata C. thorncroftii N.E.Br. (1)

Perennial. Succulent, climber. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 50– C. tuberculata Dinter (1)
1100 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC?, EC Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 150–
1300 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
antennifera Schltr.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt? KZN crispata N.E.Br. = C. crassifolia var. crassifolia
apiculata Schltr. = C. lugardiae cycniflora R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 1–3 m. Alt ± 1000 m.
arenaria R.A.Dyer KZN
Perennial. Succulent, climber, creeper. Length 1–5 m.
Alt 5–50 m. KZN cyrtoidea Werderm. = C. lugardiae
assimilis N.E.Br. = C. cancellata decidua E.A.Bruce subsp. decidua
Perennial. Geophytic succulent to succulent climber.
barbata R.A.Dyer Ht 0.05–1 m. Alt ?–1200 m. LIM, G, S
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 150–900 m.
WC, EC decidua E.A.Bruce subsp. pretoriensis R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Geophytic succulent to succulent climber.
barbertonensis N.E.Br. = C. linearis subsp. woodii Ht 20–300 mm. Alt 1000–1800 m. G, M
barkleyi Hook.f. = C. africana subsp. barklyi dinteri Schltr.
barkleyi Hook.f. var. tugelensis N.E.Br. = C. africana Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 1000–1500
subsp. barklyi m. N
boerhaaviifolia Schinz, not of Deflers = C. pachystel- distincta N.E.Br. subsp. haygarthii (Schltr.) H.Huber =
ma subsp. pachystelma C. haygarthii
bonafouxii K.Schum. distincta N.E.Br. subsp. lugardae (N.E.Br.) H.Huber =
Perennial. Climber with tuber. Ht 1–3 m. Alt ± 1000 C. lugardiae
m. N distincta N.E.Br. subsp. verruculosa R.A.Dyer
boussingaultiflora Dinter = C. nilotica var. nilotica Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 500–900
bowkeri Harv. subsp. bowkeri m. M
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 200–600 m. EC dubia R.A.Dyer
bowkeri Harv. subsp. sororia (Harv. ex Hook.f.) Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt? EC?
R.A.Dyer estelleana R.A.Dyer = C. fimbriata subsp. fimbriata
C. sororia Harv. ex Hook.f. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 200–1300 m. WC, filiformis (Burch.) Schltr.
C. infundibuliformis E.Mey. (1)
EC Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 900–1700 m. N,
brachysiphon H.Huber = Riocreuxia aberrans FS, NC, EC
caffrorum Schltr. = C. linearis subsp. linearis fimbriata E.Mey. subsp. connivens (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns
caffrorum Schltr. var. dubia N.E.Br. = C. linearis subsp. C. connivens R.A.Dyer forma angustata R.A.Dyer (6)
C. connivens R.A.Dyer forma connivens (6)
linearis
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 200–500 m. WC
cancellata Rchb.
C. assimilis N.E.Br. (2) fimbriata E.Mey. subsp. fimbriata
C. estelleana R.A.Dyer (2)
Perennial. Succulent, climber. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 100–
Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 300–
600 m. EC
500 m. EC
carnosa E.Mey.
C. racemosa N.E.Br. subsp. setifera (Schltr.) H.Huber (7) fimbriata E.Mey. subsp. geniculata (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns
C. setifera Schltr. (7) C. geniculata R.A.Dyer (6)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 50–1600 m. N, Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 500–
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC 1200 m. WC, EC
cimiciodora Oberm. flanaganii (Schltr.) H.Huber var. alexandrina H.Huber
Perennial. Succulent, climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 50–700 = Riocreuxia alexandrina
m. LIM, S, KZN flanaganii (Schltr.) H.Huber var. fallax H.Huber =
connivens R.A.Dyer forma angustata R.A.Dyer = C. Riocreuxia woodii
fimbriata subsp. connivens flanaganii (Schltr.) H.Huber var. flanaganii = Rio-
connivens R.A.Dyer forma connivens = C. fimbriata creuxia flanaganii
subsp. connivens floribunda N.E.Br.
conrathii Schltr. Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 1000–?
Perennial. Geophytic succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt m. N, B
50–1500 m. G, FS, KZN fortuita R.A.Dyer
constricta N.E.Br. = C. nilotica var. nilotica Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 20–200 mm. Alt
200–? m. M, KZN
craibii J.E.Victor
geniculata R.A.Dyer = C. fimbriata subsp. geniculata
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? KZN
grandis E.A.Bruce = C. nilotica var. nilotica
crassifolia Schltr. var. crassifolia
C. crispata N.E.Br. (1) gymnopoda Schltr. = Brachystelma gymnopodum
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Ceropegia

hastata N.E.Br. = C. linearis subsp. woodii obscura N.E.Br. = C. pachystelma subsp. pachystelma
haygarthii Schltr. occidentalis R.A.Dyer
C. distincta N.E.Br. subsp. haygarthii (Schltr.) H.Huber (3) Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 20–200 mm. Alt 5–
C. tristis Hutch. (1) 1200 m. N, NC, WC
Perennial. Succulent, climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 150–800
m. LIM, M, KZN, EC occulta R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 20–300 mm. Alt 200–
infundibuliformis E.Mey. = C. filiformis 700 m. WC
insignis R.A.Dyer pachystelma Schltr. subsp. pachystelma
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 1000–1100 C. boerhaaviifolia Schinz, not of Deflers (2)
m. NW C. obscura N.E.Br. (2)
C. undulata N.E.Br. (2)
kwebensis N.E.Br. = C. purpurascens subsp. purpura- Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 100–
scens 1600 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, KZN, NC
linearis E.Mey. subsp. linearis paricyma N.E.Br.
C. caffrorum Schltr. (1) Perennial. Climber with tuber. Ht 1–3 m. Alt ± 1000
C. caffrorum Schltr. var. dubia N.E.Br. (1)
m. N
1000 m. S, KZN, EC patersoniae N.E.Br. = C. zeyheri
patriciae Rauh & Buchloh = C. mafekingensis
linearis E.Mey. subsp. tenuis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
C. tenuis N.E.Br. (6) picta (Schltr.) H.Huber = Riocreuxia picta
Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 10– plicata E.A.Bruce = C. nilotica var. nilotica
500 m. EC pubescens E.Mey., not of Wall. = C. meyeri
linearis E.Mey. subsp. woodii (Schltr.) H.Huber pumila N.E.Br. = Brachystelma gymnopodum
C. barbertonensis N.E.Br. (1)
C. hastata N.E.Br. (1)
purpurascens K.Schum. subsp. purpurascens
C. kwebensis N.E.Br. (1)
C. schoenlandii N.E.Br. (1)
C. woodii Schltr. (1) Perennial. Climber with tuber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 900–
Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 50– 1200 m. N, B
1600 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC pygmaea Schinz = Brachystelma gymnopodum
lugardiae N.E.Br. racemosa N.E.Br. subsp. setifera (Schltr.) H.Huber = C.
C. apiculata Schltr. (1) carnosa
C. cyrtoidea Werderm. (1)
C. distincta N.E.Br. subsp. lugardae (N.E.Br.) H.Huber (2) radicans Schltr. subsp. radicans
Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 900– Perennial. Succulent creeper. Length 1–3 m. Alt 100–
1300 m. N, B 500 m. EC
radicans Schltr. subsp. smithii (M.R.Hend.) R.A.Dyer
mafekingensis (N.E.Br.) R.A.Dyer C. radicans Schltr. var. smithii (M.R.Hend.) H.Huber (2)
Brachystelma mafekingense N.E.Br. (2) C. smithii M.R.Hend. (1)
C. patriciae Rauh & Buchloh (2)
Perennial. Succulent creeper. Length 1–3 m. Alt 100–
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 20–60 mm. Alt 1000–1600
300 m. EC
m. N, B, NW, G
radicans Schltr. var. smithii (M.R.Hend.) H.Huber = C.
meyeri Decne.
C. pubescens E.Mey., not of Wall. (1) radicans subsp. smithii
Perennial. Climber with tuber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 300– rendallii N.E.Br.
1300 m. M, KZN, EC Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt ?–1300
monteiroae Hook.f. = C. sandersonii m. LIM, G, S, KZN
mozambicensis Schltr. = C. nilotica var. nilotica rudatisii Schltr.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt? KZN
multiflora Baker subsp. multiflora
C. multiflora Baker var. latifolia N.E.Br. (1) sandersonii Decne. ex Hook.f.
Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 900– C. monteiroae Hook.f. (1)
1500 m. NW, M, G, FS, NC Perennial. Succulent climber, creeper. Length 1–3 m.
Alt 5–1000 m. KZN, EC
multiflora Baker subsp. tentaculata (N.E.Br.) H.Huber
C. tentaculata N.E.Br. (1) scabriflora N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 800– Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 300–1400 m. G,
1600 m. N, B, LIM KZN
multiflora Baker var. latifolia N.E.Br. = C. multiflora schoenlandii N.E.Br. = C. linearis subsp. woodii
subsp. multiflora serpentina E.A.Bruce = C. stapeliiformis subsp. ser-
nilotica Kotschy var. nilotica pentina
C. boussingaultiflora Dinter (1) setifera Schltr. = C. carnosa
C. constricta N.E.Br. (1)
C. grandis E.A.Bruce (1) smithii M.R.Hend. = C. radicans subsp. smithii
C. mozambicensis Schltr. (1)
C. plicata E.A.Bruce (1) sororia Harv. ex Hook.f. = C. bowkeri subsp. sororia
Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 50–1500 stapeliiformis Haw. subsp. serpentina (E.A.Bruce)
m. N, B, LIM, M, KZN R.A.Dyer
APOCYNACEAE Ceropegia DICOTYLEDONS

C. serpentina E.A.Bruce (2) kassnerianum (Schltr.) Eyles = Periglossum mackenii

Perennial. Succulent climber. Length 0.5–3 m. Alt 5– mossambicense (Schltr.) Eyles = Periglossum mack-
1700 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN enii
stapeliiformis Haw. subsp. stapeliiformis
Perennial. Succulent climber. Length 0.5–1.5 m. Alt CRYPTOLEPIS R.Br. 6740000
200–800 m. EC (1) Brown. 1907. FC 4: 526–530.
(2) Bullock. 1956. Kew Bulletin 11: 279–283.
stenantha K.Schum. (3) Venter & Verhoeven. 1997. Taxon 46: 705–720.
Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 50– (4) Venter. In press. South African Journal of Botany.
1200 m. N, B, KZN
acutifolia (Sond.) N.E.Br. = C. oblongifolia
stenoloba Hochst. ex Chiov. var. australis H.Huber = C.
arenicola Dinter = C. oblongifolia
stenoloba var. stenoloba
capensis Schltr.
stenoloba Hochst. ex Chiov. var. stenoloba
C. stenoloba Hochst. ex Chiov. var. australis H.Huber (2) Perennial. Climber. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 10–1400 m.
Perennial. Climber with tuber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 1000– LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
1400 m. N cryptolepioides (Schltr.) Bullock
C. transvaalensis Schltr. (2)
stentiae E.A.Bruce Ectadiopsis cryptolepioides Schltr. (2)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 30–80 mm. Alt 1000–1300 Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht up to 5 m. Alt 100–1900
m. LIM, NW m. LIM, NW, G, M, S?, KZN
tentaculata N.E.Br. = C. multiflora subsp. tentaculata decidua (Planch. ex Hook.f. & Benth.) N.E.Br.
tenuis N.E.Br. = C. linearis subsp. tenuis Curroria decidua Planch. ex Hook.f. & Benth. subsp. decidua (4)
thorncroftii N.E.Br. = C. crassifolia var. crassifolia Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 0–2000 m. N, B,
NC
swaziorum D.V.Field
Perennial. Herbaceous climber with tuber. Ht 0.5–1 m. delagoensis Schltr.
Alt ± 1000 m. S Perennial. Climber. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 50–800 m. M, KZN
tomentosa Schltr. monteiroae Oliv. = Stomatostemma monteiroae
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt ?–500 m. EC oblongifolia (Meisn.) Schltr.
C. acutifolia (Sond.) N.E.Br. (3)
tristis Hutch. = C. haygarthii C. arenicola Dinter (4)
tuberculata Dinter = C. crassifolia var. crassifolia Ectadiopsis acutifolia (Sond.) Benth. (1)
Ectadiopsis oblongifolia (Meisn.) Benth. (1)
turricula E.A.Bruce Ectadium oblongifolium Meisn. (1)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 800–1400 m. Perennial. Shrub, scrambler. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 50–1800
LIM, G, M m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
undulata N.E.Br. = C. pachystelma subsp. pachystelma obtusa N.E.Br.
woodii Schltr. = C. linearis subsp. woodii Perennial. Climber. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 70–600 m. LIM,
zeyheri Schltr. M, S, KZN
C. patersoniae N.E.Br. (1) transvaalensis Schltr. = C. cryptolepioides
Perennial. Succulent climber. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 300–
1100 m. WC, EC CURRORIA Planch. ex Hook.f. 6739000
& Benth.
CHLOROCODON Hook.f. 6729010
decidua Planch. ex Hook.f. & Benth. subsp. decidua =
whitei Hook.f. = Mondia whitei Cryptolepis decidua
CHLOROCYATHUS Oliv. 6731000 CYNANCHUM L. 6834000
monteiroae Oliv. = Raphionacme monteiroae (1) Liede. 1993. Botanische Jahrbücher 114: 503–550.
(2) Bruyns. 1997. South African Journal of Botany 63: 241.
CONOPHARYNGIA G.Don 6603010 acuminatum Thunb. = Pentatropis capensis
elegans (Stapf) Stapf = Tabernaemontana elegans africanum (L.) Hoffmanns.
ventricosa (Hochst. ex DC.) Stapf = Tabernaemontana C. crassifolium R.Br. (1)
ventricosa C. intermedium N.E.Br. (1)
C. pilosum R.Br. (1)
C. rotundifolium Thunb. ex Decne. (1)
CORDYLOGYNE Lindl. = Cordylogyne E.Mey. Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 0–700 m. NC,
CORDYLOGYNE E.Mey. 6783000 WC, EC
(1) Brown. 1909. FC 4: 315–418. aphyllum (Thunb.) Schltr. = Sarcostemma viminale
(2) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe subsp. viminale
Asclepiadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis.
University of Durban-Westville, Durban. capense L.f. = Pentatropis capensis
argillicola Dinter = Periglossum angustifolium capense R.Br. = C. obtusifolium
globosa E.Mey. capense Thunb. = C. ellipticum
Perennial. Paludophytic geophyte. Ht 120–765 mm. Alt crassifolium R.Br. = C. africanum
1000–2000 m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC dregeanum Decne. = C. obtusifolium
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Ceropegia

ellipticum (Harv.) R.A.Dyer DICHAELIA Harv. 6870030

C. capense Thunb. (2)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 0–1300 m. LIM, barberae (Harv. ex Hook.f.) Bullock = Brachystelma
NW, KZN, WC, EC barberae
intermedium N.E.Br. = C. africanum circinata (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Brachystelma circinatum
gerrardii (Harv.) Liede elongata Schltr. = Brachystelma elongatum
C. sarcostemmatoides K.Schum. (1) gerrardii Harv. = Brachystelma gerrardii
Perennial. Succulent, climber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 5–1000
m. M, S, KZN, EC gracillima (R.A.Dyer) Bullock = Brachystelma gracil-
limum
meyeri (Decne.) Schltr.
Perennial. Shrub or creeper. Ht 200–500 mm. Alt 20– natalensis Schltr. = Brachystelma sandersonii
200 m. N, NC DIPLOCYATHA N.E.Br. 6888000
mossambicense K.Schum.
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 300–500 m. LIM, ciliata (Thunb.) N.E.Br. = Orbea ciliata
M, S
DIPLORHYNCHUS Welw. ex 6589000
natalitium Schltr. Ficalho & Hiern
Perennial. Climber. Ht 300–500 mm. Alt 0–60 m. (1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 264–267.
KZN, WC, EC (2) Plaizier. 1985. FZ 7,2: 451–453.
obtusifolium L.f. condylocarpon (Müll.Arg.) Pichon
C. capense R.Br. (1) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 320–1600 m. N,
C. dregeanum Decne. (1)
Cynoctonum brownii Meisn. (1) B, LIM, NW, G, M
Perennial. Climber. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 0–250 m. KZN,
WC, EC
DREGEA E.Mey. 6914000
omissum Bullock = Fockea angustifolia floribunda E.Mey. = Marsdenia floribunda
orangeanum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. macrantha Klotzsch = Marsdenia macrantha
Flanagania orangeana Schltr. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 100–300 mm. Alt 1000–1500 m. DUVALIA Haw. 6883000
N, B, NW, FS, NC, EC (1) Bayer. 1977. Bulletin of the African Succulent Plant Society 12:
25–27.
pilosum R.Br. = C. africanum (2) Meve. 1997. The genus Duvalia (Stapelieae).
rotundifolium Thunb. ex Decne. = C. africanum angustiloba N.E.Br.
sarcostemmatoides K.Schum. = C. gerrardii Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 30 mm. Alt 800–1700 m.
schistoglossum Schltr. WC, EC
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 50–500 m. N, B, caespitosa (Masson) Haw. var. caespitosa
M, KZN D. emiliana A.C.White (2)
D. hirtella (Jacq.) Sweet (2)
validum N.E.Br. D. propinqua A.Berger (2)
Schizostephanus alatus Hochst. ex K.Schum. (1) D. radiata (Sims) Haw. var. radiata (2)
Perennial. Climber to herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 600–800 D. reclinata (Masson) Haw. (2)
m. LIM, M D. replicata (Jacq.) Sweet (2)
Stapelia caespitosa Masson. var. caespitosa (2)
virens (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. Stapelia caespitosa Masson var. hirtella (Jacq.) Loud. (2)
Cynoctonum virens E.Mey. (1) Stapelia hirtella Jacq. (2)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 1200–2000 m. Stapelia radiata Sims (2)
NW, G, FS, L, EC Stapelia reclinata Masson (2)
Stapelia replicata Jacq. (2)
zeyheri Schltr. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 15–130 mm. Alt 100–1400
Perennial. Herb or creeper. Ht 100–200 mm. Alt 0– m. FS, NC, WC, EC
300 m. WC
caespitosa (Masson) Haw. var. compacta (Haw.) Meve
D. compacta Haw. (2)
CYNOCTONUM E.Mey. 6834020 D. mastodes (Jacq.) Sweet (2)
brownii Meisn. = Cynanchum obtusifolium Stapelia compacta Schult. (2)
Stapelia mastodes Jacq. (2)
capense (L.f.) E.Mey. = Pentatropis capensis
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 15–90 mm. Alt 50–1100 m.
virens E.Mey. = Cynanchum virens WC, EC
DAEMIA R.Br. 6852000 compacta Haw. = D. caespitosa var. compacta
extensa R.Br. = Pergularia daemia var. daemia corderoyi (Hook.f.) N.E.Br.
Stapelia corderoyi Hook.f. (2)
DECABELONE Decne. 6880010 Perennial. Succulent. Ht 12–45 mm. Alt 1000–1600
m. FS, NC, WC, EC
barklyi T.-Dyer = Tavaresia barklyi
dentata N.E.Br. = D. polita
grandiflora Dinter = Tavaresia barklyi
elegans (Masson) Haw.
meintjesii (R.A.Dyer) G.D.Rowley = Tavaresia meint- D. elegans (Masson) Haw. var. seminuda N.E.Br. (2)
jesii D. jacquiniana (Schult.) Sweet (2)
APOCYNACEAE Cynanchum DICOTYLEDONS

Stapelia elegans Masson (2) reclinata (Masson) Haw. = D. caespitosa var. caespi-
Stapelia radiata Jacq. (2) tosa
WC replicata (Jacq.) Sweet = D. caespitosa var. caespitosa
elegans (Masson) Haw. var. namaquana N.E.Br. = D. transvaalensis Schltr. = D. polita
pubescens transvaalensis Schltr. var. parviflora L.Bolus = D. polita
elegans (Masson) Haw. var. seminuda N.E.Br. = D. ele- vestita Meve
gans Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 30 mm. Alt 50–250 m. WC
emiliana A.C.White = D. caespitosa var. caespitosa ECHIDNOPSIS Hook.f. 6877000
gracilis Meve
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1300–1600 m. columnaris (Nel) R.A.Dyer & D.S.Hardy = Notechid-
EC nopsis columnaris
hirtella (Jacq.) Sweet = D. caespitosa var. caespitosa serpentina (Nel) A.C.White & B.Sloane = Notechid-
nopsis tessellata
immaculata (C.A.Lückh.) Bayer ex L.C.Leach
D. maculata N.E.Br. var. immaculata C.A.Lückh. (2)
ECTADIOPSIS Benth. 6743000
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 50 mm. Alt 50–150 m.
WC acutifolia (Sond.) Benth. = Cryptolepis oblongifolia
jacquiniana (Schult.) Sweet = D. elegans cryptolepioides Schltr. = Cryptolepis cryptolepioides
maculata N.E.Br. oblongifolia (Meisn.) Benth. = Cryptolepis oblongifolia
D. minuta Nel (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 30 mm. Alt 700–2100 m. ECTADIUM E.Mey. 6735000
N, FS, NC, WC, EC (1) Brown. 1907. FC 4: 531, 532.
(2) Venter et al. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 113–124.
maculata N.E.Br. var. immaculata C.A.Lückh. = D. im-
maculata latifolium (Schinz) N.E.Br.
E. virgatum E.Mey. var. latifolium Schinz (1)
mastodes (Jacq.) Sweet = D. caespitosa var. compacta Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 0–100 m. N
minuta Nel = D. maculata oblongifolium Meisn. = Cryptolepis oblongifolia
modesta N.E.Br. rotundifolium (H.Huber) Venter & Kotze
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 10–40 mm. Alt 150–1700 m. E. virgatum E.Mey. var. rotundifolium H.Huber (2)
EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 0–50 m. N
parviflora N.E.Br. virgatum E.Mey.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 10–25 mm. Alt 300–600 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 70–200 m. N, NC
WC
virgatum E.Mey. var. latifolium Schinz = E. latifolium
pillansii N.E.Br. virgatum E.Mey. var. rotundifolium H.Huber = E.
D. pillansii N.E.Br. var. albanica N.E.Br. (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 30 mm. Alt 150–750 m. EC rotundifolium
pillansii N.E.Br. var. albanica N.E.Br. = D. pillansii EMPLECTANTHUS N.E.Br. 6899010
polita N.E.Br. (1) Brown. 1907. FC 4: 315–418.
D. dentata N.E.Br. (2) cordatus N.E.Br.
D. polita N.E.Br. var. parviflora (L.Bolus) A.C.White & B.Sloane, Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt? KZN
illegitimate combination (2)
D. polita N.E.Br. var. transvaalensis (Schltr.) A.C.White & gerrardii N.E.Br.
B.Sloane (2) Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt? KZN
D. transvaalensis Schltr. (2)
D. transvaalensis Schltr. var. parviflora L.Bolus (2) EPHIPPIOCARPA Markgr. 6607010
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–100 mm. Alt 1000–1600
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC orientalis (S.Moore) Markgr. = Callichilia orientalis
polita N.E.Br. var. parviflora (L.Bolus) A.C.White & EUSTEGIA R.Br. 6785000
B.Sloane, illegitimate combination = D. polita (1) Brown. 1909. FC 4: 315–418.
(2) Bruyns. 1999. Botanische Jahrbücher 121: 19–44.
polita N.E.Br. var. transvaalensis (Schltr.) A.C.White & (3) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe Ascle-
B.Sloane = D. polita piadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis. Uni-
procumbens R.A.Dyer = Huernia procumbens versity of Durban-Westville, Durban.
propinqua A.Berger = D. caespitosa var. caespitosa filiformis (L.f.) Schult.

Apocynum filiforme L.f. (3)
pubescens N.E.Br. E. humilis E.Mey. (3)
D. elegans (Masson) Haw. var. namaquana N.E.Br. (2) E. lonchitis E.Mey. (3)
D. pubescens N.E.Br. var. major N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 80–150 mm. Alt 15–945 m. NC,
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 50 mm. Alt 650–1400 WC
m. N, NC
fraterna N.E.Br. var. fraterna
pubescens N.E.Br. var. major N.E.Br. = D. pubescens Perennial. Herb. Ht 50–80 mm. Alt ± 100 m. WC
radiata (Sims) Haw. var. radiata = D. caespitosa var. fraterna N.E.Br. var. pubescens N.E.Br.
caespitosa Perennial. Herb. Ht 50–80 mm. Alt 15–800 m. WC
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Duvalia

hastata in sense of Sieber ex Decne. = Microloma sagit- F. schinzii N.E.Br. (3)

tatum Perennial. Massive climber. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 500–1200
hastata (Thunb.) Spreng. = E. minuta m. N, B
humilis E.Mey. = E. filiformis schinzii N.E.Br. = F. multiflora
lonchitis E.Mey. = E. filiformis sessiliflora Schltr. = F. angustifolia
macropetala Schltr. sinuata (E.Mey.) Druce
Brachystelma sinuatum E.Mey. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 80–100 mm. Alt ± 300 m. WC F. undulata N.E.Br. (5)
minuta (L.f.) Schult. Perennial. Herb to climber, with tuber. Ht 50–300 mm.
Apocynum hastatum Thunb. (3) Alt 600–1500 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC
Apocynum minutum L.f. (3)
E. hastata (Thunb.) Spreng. (3) tugelensis N.E.Br. = F. angustifolia
Perennial. Herb. Ht 50–80 mm. Alt ± 100 m. WC undulata N.E.Br. = F. sinuata
plicata Schinz
Perennial. Herb. Ht 60–100 mm. Alt ± 100 m. WC GLOSSOSTEPHANUS E.Mey. 6842010
linearis (L.f.) E.Mey. = Oncinema lineare
FANNINIA Harv. 6779000
(1) Brown. 1909. FC 4: 315–418. GOMPHOCARPUS R.Br. 6787000
(2) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe Ascle-
piadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis. Uni- (1) Brown. 1909. FC 4: 663–714.
versity of Durban-Westville, Durban. (2) Phillips. 1926. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 6: t. 208.
caloglossa Harv. (4) Bruyns. 1995. Bothalia 25: 165–167.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–250 mm. Alt 750– (5) Goyder & Nicholas. 2001. Kew Bulletin 56: 769–836.
2500 m. FS, KZN, EC (6) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe Ascle-
piadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis. Uni-
versity of Durban-Westville, Durban.
FLANAGANIA Schltr. 6835000 (7) Nicholas. 2002. Personal communication.
orangeana Schltr. = Cynanchum orangeanum acerateoides Schltr. = Xysmalobium acerateoides
FOCKEA Endl. 6924000 adscendens Schltr. = Asclepias adscendens
(1) Brown. 1908. FC 4: 777–782 affinis Schltr. = Asclepias albens
(2) Dyer. 1933. Kew Bulletin 1933: 459, 460.
(3) Huber. 1967. FSWA 114: 30, 31 alatus Schltr. = Pachycarpus dealbatus
(4) Dyer. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1711. albens (E.Mey.) Decne. = Asclepias albens
(5) Court. 1987. Asklepios 40: 69–74.
(6) Liede. 1996. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 83: 283–345. angustifolius (Schweigg.) Link = G. fruticosus subsp.
angustifolia K.Schum. fruticosus
Cynanchum omissum Bullock (6) appendiculatus (E.Mey.) Decne. = Pachycarpus appendi-
F. dammarana Schltr. (3)
F. lugardii N.E.Br. (3)
culatus
F. sessiliflora Schltr. (3) arachnoideus E.Fourn. = G. fruticosus subsp. fruticosus
F. tugelensis N.E.Br. (5)
Perennial. Climber with tuber. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 800– arborescens (L.) Aiton f. = G. cancellatus
1200 m. N, B, LIM, NW, S, FS, KZN, NC arenarius Schltr. = Asclepias crispa var. crispa
capensis Endl. asclepiaceus Schltr. = Asclepias hastata
F. crispa (Jacq.) K.Schum. (4)
Perennial. Climber with tuber. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 600– asperifolius (Meisn.) Walp. = Pachycarpus asperifolius
1100 m. WC aureus Schltr. = Asclepias aurea
comaru (E.Mey.) N.E.Br. brasiliensis E.Fourn. = G. physocarpus
Brachystelma comaru E.Mey. (1)
F. gracilis R.A.Dyer (5) brevicuspis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias brevicuspis
Perennial. Climber with tuber. Ht 30–500 mm. Alt 200– brevipes Schltr. = Asclepias brevipes
1800 m. N, NC, WC, EC
campanulatus Harv. = Pachycarpus campanulatus var.
crispa (Jacq.) K.Schum. = F. capensis campanulatus
cylindrica R.A.Dyer = F. edulis cancellatus (Burm.f.) Bruyns
dammarana Schltr. = F. angustifolia Asclepias arborea Salisb. (5)
Asclepias arborescens L. (5)
edulis (Thunb.) K.Schum. Asclepias cancellata Burm.f. (4)
F. cylindrica R.A.Dyer (5) Asclepias pubescens L. (5)
F. glabra Decne. (2) Asclepias rotundifolia Mill. (5)
Perennial. Climber with tuber. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 50–300 G. arborescens (L.) Aiton f. (5)
m. KZN, WC, EC G. cancellatus (Burm.f.) Nicholas & P.I.Forst., superfluous combi-
nation (5)
glabra Decne. = F. edulis
Perennial. Herb or shrub. Ht 0.7–1.4 m. Alt 20–1400
gracilis R.A.Dyer = F. comaru m. N, NC, WC, EC
lugardii N.E.Br. = F. angustifolia cancellatus (Burm.f.) Nicholas & P.I.Forst., superfluous
multiflora K.Schum. combination = G. cancellatus
APOCYNACEAE Eustegia DICOTYLEDONS

carinatus (Schltr.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium carinatum galpinii Schltr. = Pachycarpus galpinii

concinnus Schltr. = Asclepias concinna geminatus Schltr. = Asclepias hastata
concolor (E.Mey.) Decne. = Pachycarpus concolor geminiflorus Schltr. = Pachycarpus concolor
corniculatus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Stenostelma cornicu- gerrardii Harv. = Pachycarpus campanulatus var.
latum sutherlandii
cornutus Decne. = G. fruticosus subsp. fruticosus gibbus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias gibba var. gibba
coronarius (E.Mey.) Decne. = Pachycarpus coronarius
glaberrimus Oliv. = Kanahia laniflora
crinitus Bertol. = G. fruticosus subsp. fruticosus
glaucophyllus Schltr.
crispus (P.J.Bergius) R.Br. = Asclepias crispa var. crispa Asclepias glaucophylla (Schltr.) Schltr. (4)
Asclepias lilacina Weim. (5)
cucullatus Schltr. = Asclepias cucullata
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 765–1500
cultriformis Harv. ex Schltr. = Asclepias cultriformis (–1900) m. LIM, NW, G, M, S
dealbatus (E.Mey.) Decne. = Pachycarpus dealbatus gracilis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Aspidoglossum gracile
depressus Schltr. = Asclepias multicaulis grandiflorus (L.f.) Decne. = Pachycarpus grandiflorus
diploglossus Turcz. = Aspidonepsis diploglossa subsp. grandiflorus
eminens Harv. = Asclepias eminens grandiflorus (L.f.) Decne. var. tomentosus Schltr. =
eustegioides (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Schizoglossum euste- Pachycarpus grandiflorus subsp. tomentosus
gioides harveyanus Schltr. = Xysmalobium prunelloides
expansus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias expansa hastatus E.Mey. = Asclepias hastata
fallax Schltr. = Asclepias fallax hastatus E.Mey. var. angustifolius Meisn. = Asclepias
filiformis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. crispa var. crispa
Asclepias buchenaviana Schinz (4) humilis (E.Mey.) Decne. = Asclepias humilis
Asclepias filiformis (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f., not of Jacq. (1760),
also not of L.f. (1781), invalid name (4) insignis Schltr. = Pachycarpus transvaalensis
Asclepias filiformis (E.Mey.) Kuntze, not of Jacq. (1760), also not interruptus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Aspidoglossum inter-
of L.f. (1781) (5)
Asclepias filiformis (E.Mey.) Kuntze var. buchenaviana (Schinz) ruptum
N.E.Br. (5) involucratus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Xysmalobium involu-
Asclepias flagellaris Bolus ex Schltr. (5) cratum
Lagarinthus filiformis E.Mey. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5(–3) m. Alt 460–1370 m. N, lanatus E.Mey. = G. tomentosus subsp. tomentosus
NC, WC linearis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Pachycarpus linearis
flexuosus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias flexuosa lineolatus Decne. = Pachycarpus lineolatus
fragrans Schltr. = Asclepias flexuosa longifolius Schltr. = Xysmalobium gomphocarpoides
frutescens E.Mey. = G. fruticosus subsp. fruticosus var. gomphocarpoides
fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. forma brasiliensis (E.Fourn.) Briq. macer (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Sisyranthus macer
= G. physocarpus mackenii Harv. = Pachycarpus mackenii
fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. subsp. decipiens (N.E.Br.) Goyder
macroglossus Turcz. = Pachycarpus appendiculatus
& Nicholas
Asclepias decipiens N.E.Br. (5) macropus Schltr. = Asclepias macropus
Perennial. Herb or shrub. Ht ± 1 m. Alt ± 1200 m. marginatus (E.Mey.) Decne. = Woodia mucronata
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L
marginatus Schltr. = Asclepias dregeana var. dregeana
fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. subsp. fruticosus
Asclepias angustifolia Schweigg. (5) meliodorus Schltr. = Asclepias meliodora
Asclepias cornuta (Decne.) Cordem. (5) meyerianus Schltr. = Asclepias meyeriana
Asclepias crinita (Bertol.) N.E.Br. (5)
Asclepias fruticosa L. (3) multicaulis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias multicaulis
Asclepias salicifolia Salisb. (5) multiflorus Decne. = Asclepias multiflorus
G. angustifolius (Schweigg.) Link (5)
G. arachnoideus E.Fourn. (5) navicularis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias navicularis
G. cornutus Decne. (5)
G. crinitus Bertol. (5)
nutans Klotzsch = G. tomentosus subsp. tomentosus
G. frutescens E.Mey. (5) ochroleucus Schltr. = Xysmalobium gerrardii
Annual or perennial. Herb or shrub. Ht 0.8–1.5(–4) m. orbicularis (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium orbiculare
Alt (45–)900–1500 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S,
FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC ovatus Schltr. = Xysmalobium acerateoides
fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. subsp. rostratus (N.E.Br.) Goyder oxytropis Turcz. = Asclepias gibba var. gibba
& Nicholas pachyglossus Schltr. = Xysmalobium parviflorum
Asclepias rostrata N.E.Br. (5)
G. rostratus (N.E.Br.) Bullock (5)
pachystephanus (Schltr.) Schltr = Schizoglossum lini-
Perennial. Herb or shrub. Ht ± 1 m. Alt? N, B folium var. linifolium
fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. var. tomentosus (Burch.) K.Schum. padifolius Baker = Xysmalobium orbiculare
= G. tomentosus subsp. tomentosus parviflorus Harv. ex Schltr. = Xysmalobium asperum
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Gomphocarpus

peltigerus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias peltigera viridiflorus (E.Mey.) Decne. = Asclepias dregeana var.
physocarpus E.Mey. dregeana
Asclepias brasiliensis (E.Fourn.) Schltr. (5) woodii Schltr. = Asclepias woodii
Asclepias physocarpa (E.Mey.) Schltr. (3)
G. brasiliensis E.Fourn. (5)
G. fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. forma brasiliensis (E.Fourn.) Briq. (5)
GONIOMA E.Mey. 6581000
(1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 262, 263.
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 30–700
(–900) m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, WC, EC kamassi E.Mey.
prunelloides (Turcz.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium prunel- Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.3–9 m. Alt 0–1350 m. LIM,
loides S, KZN, WC, EC
rectinervis Schltr. = Xysmalobium confusum GYMNEMA R.Br. 6891000
reflectens (E.Mey.) Decne. = Pachycarpus reflectens melananthum (N.E.Br.) K.Schum. ex Schltr. = Sphaero-
revolutus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias stellifera codon melananthus
rigidus (E.Mey.) Decne. = Pachycarpus rigidus parvifolium Oliv. = Secamone parvifolia
rigidus (E.Mey.) Decne. var. tridens (E.Mey.) Decne. = sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. = Marsdenia sylvestris
Pachycarpus rigidus
rivularis Schltr. HOLARRHENA R.Br. 6582000
Asclepias rivularis (Schltr.) Schltr. (5) (1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 263, 264.
Perennial. Rheophytic herb or shrub. Ht ± 1.2 m. Alt (2) Ross. 1978. The Flowering Plants of Africa 44: t. 1758.
(3) De Kruif. 1985. FZ 7,2: 456–458.
750–1500 m. NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
rostratus (N.E.Br.) Bullock = G. fruticosus subsp. ros- pubescens (Buch.-Ham.) Wall. ex G.Don
tratus Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–10 m. Alt 350–900 m.
LIM
scaber Harv. = Pachycarpus scaber
schinzianus Schltr. = Pachycarpus schinzianus HOODIA Sweet ex Decne. 6878000
schizoglossoides Schltr. = Asclepias aurea (1) Bruyns. 1993. Botanische Jahrbücher 115: 145–270.
schlechteri K.Schum. = Asclepias schlechteri albispina N.E.Br. = H. gordonii

semiamplectens K.Schum. alstonii (N.E.Br.) Plowes
Asclepias semiamplectens (K.Schum.) Hiern (5) Trichocaulon alstonii N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? N Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 500–1100
m. N, NC
simplex Schltr. = Asclepias stellifera
annulata (N.E.Br.) Plowes = H. pilifera subsp. annulata
stenoglossus Schltr. = Stenostelma capense
bainii T.-Dyer = H. gordonii
stockenstromensis (Scott-Elliot) Schltr. = Xysmalobium
stockenstromense barklyi T.-Dyer = H. gordonii
suaveolens Schltr. = Pachycarpus suaveolens burkei N.E.Br. = H. gordonii
tenuis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Schizoglossum linifolium var. colei Plowes = H. pilifera subsp. pillansii
linifolium currorii (Hook.) Decne. subsp. currorii
H. currorii var. minor R.A.Dyer (1)
tomentosus Burch. subsp. tomentosus H. gibbosa Nel (1)
Asclepias burchellii Schltr. (4) H. macrantha Dinter (1)
Asclepias lanata (E.Mey.) Druce (5) H. montana Nel (1)
Asclepias nutans (Klotzsch) N.E.Br. (5)
Asclepias villosa Mill. (7) Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 50–1400
G. fruticosus (L.) Aiton f. var. tomentosus (Burch.) K.Schum. (5) m. N
G. lanatus E.Mey. (5) currorii (Hook.) Decne. subsp. lugardii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
G. nutans Klotzsch (5) H. lugardii N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Herb or shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 600–1600 Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 600–1000
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, m. B, LIM
EC
currorii (Hook.) Decne. var. minor R.A.Dyer = H. cur-
transvaalensis Schltr. = Pachycarpus transvaalensis rorii subsp. currorii
trifurcatus Schltr. = Woodia mucronata delaetiana (Dinter) Plowes = H. officinalis subsp. delae-
truncatus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias praemorsa tiana
truncatus (E.Mey.) Harv. = Asclepias praemorsa dregei N.E.Br.
tysonianum (Schltr.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium tysoni- Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 700–900
anum m. WC
undulatus (L.) Schltr. = Xysmalobium undulatum flava (N.E.Br.) Plowes
Trichocaulon flavum N.E.Br. (1)
undulatus Turcz. = Woodia mucronata Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 600–
validus Schltr. = Pachycarpus asperifolius 1400 m. N, NC, WC
velutinus Schltr. = Asclepias velutina foetida Plowes = H. triebneri
virgatus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Aspidoglossum virgatum gibbosa Nel = H. currorii subsp. currorii
APOCYNACEAE Gomphocarpus DICOTYLEDONS

gordonii (Masson) Sweet ex Decne. triebneri (Nel) Bruyns

H. albispina N.E.Br. (1) H. foetida Plowes (1)
H. bainii T.-Dyer (1) Trichocaulon triebneri Nel (1)
H. barklyi T.-Dyer (1) Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 800–
H. burkei N.E.Br. (1) 1200 m. N
H. husabensis Nel (1)
H. langii Oberm. & Letty (1)
H. longispina Plowes (1) ×HOODIAPELIA G.D.Rowley 6884080
H. pillansii N.E.Br. (1) (1) Rowley. 1976. Repertorium Plantarum Succulentarum 27: 4.
H. rosea Oberm. & Letty (1)
beukmanii (C.A.Lückh.) G.D.Rowley
Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 250–1200 Luckhoffia beukmanii (C.A.Lückh.) A.C.White & B.Sloane (1)
m. N, FS, NC, WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? NC
husabensis Nel = H. gordonii
juttae Dinter ×HOODIOPSIS C.A.Lückh. 6878010
(1) Lückhoff. 1933. South African Gardening and Country Life 23: 231.
Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 1000–
1600 m. N triebneri C.A.Lückh. (1)
langii Oberm. & Letty = H. gordonii Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? N, NC
longispina Plowes = H. gordonii HUERNIA R.Br. 6887000
lugardii N.E.Br. = H. currorii subsp. lugardii (1) Leach. 1988. Excelsa Taxonomic Series 4: 1–197.
macrantha Dinter = H. currorii subsp. currorii appendiculata Berger = H. hystrix var. hystrix
montana Nel = H. currorii subsp. currorii barbata (Masson) Haw.
H. barbata (Masson) Haw. var. griquensis N.E.Br. (1)
officinalis (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. delaetiana (Dinter) Stapelia barbata Masson (1)
Bruyns Stapelia campanulata Masson (1)
H. delaetiana (Dinter) Plowes (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 10–1600 m.
Trichocaulon delaetianum Dinter (1)
FS, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 300–500
m. N barbata (Masson) Haw. var. griquensis N.E.Br. = H.
barbata
officinalis (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. officinalis
H. rustica (N.E.Br.) Plowes (1) bayeri L.C.Leach
Trichocaulon officinale N.E.Br. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–60 mm. Alt? ‘CP’
Trichocaulon pubiflorum Dinter (1)
Trichocaulon rusticum N.E.Br. (1) bicampanulata I.Verd. = H. kirkii
Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 900– blackbeardiae R.A.Dyer = H. zebrina subsp. magniflora
1600 m. N, FS, NC
brevirostris N.E.Br. subsp. baviaana L.C.Leach
parviflora N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 50 mm. Alt up to 1600
Perennial. Succulent shrub to tree. Ht 0.3–2.2 m. Alt m. EC
800–1500 m. N
brevirostris N.E.Br. subsp. brevirostris
pedicellata (Schinz) Plowes
Trichocaulon pedicellatum Schinz (1) Perennial. Succulent Ht up to 50 mm. Alt? EC
Perennial. Sprawling succulent. Length 0.2–0.5 m. Alt brevirostris N.E.Br. subsp. intermedia (N.E.Br.)
10–100 m. N L.C.Leach
H. brevirostris N.E.Br. var. histrionica A.C.White & B.Sloane (1)
pilifera (L.f.) Plowes subsp. annulata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns H. brevirostris N.E.Br. var. immaculata (N.E.Br.) A.C.White &
H. annulata (N.E.Br.) Plowes (1) B.Sloane (1)
Trichocaulon annulatum N.E.Br. (1) H. brevirostris N.E.Br. var. intermedia N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 600– H. brevirostris N.E.Br. var. longula (N.E.Br.) A.C.White &
1000 m. WC, EC B.Sloane (1)
H. brevirostris N.E.Br. var. pallida (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane
pilifera (L.f.) Plowes subsp. pilifera (1)
Trichocaulon piliferum (L.f.) N.E.Br. (1) H. brevirostris N.E.Br. var. parvipuncta A.C.White & B.Sloane (1)
Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 300–900 H. brevirostris N.E.Br. var. scabra (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane
m. WC, EC (insufficiently known) (1)
H. scabra N.E.Br. (1)
pilifera (L.f.) Plowes subsp. pillansii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns H. scabra N.E.Br. var. immaculata N.E.Br. (1)
H. colei Plowes (1) H. scabra N.E.Br. var. longula N.E.Br. (1)
Trichocaulon grande N.E.Br. (1)
Trichocaulon pillansii N.E.Br. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC, EC, NC
Trichocaulon pillansii N.E.Br. var. major N.E.Br. (1) brevirostris N.E.Br. var. ecornuta (N.E.Br.) A.C.White
Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 600– & B.Sloane (insufficiently known)
1100 m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’
pillansii N.E.Br. = H. gordonii brevirostris N.E.Br. var. histrionica A.C.White &
rosea Oberm. & Letty = H. gordonii B.Sloane = H. brevirostris subsp. intermedia
rustica (N.E.Br.) Plowes = H. officinalis subsp. offici- brevirostris N.E.Br. var. immaculata (N.E.Br.) A.C.White
nalis & B.Sloane = H. brevirostris subsp. intermedia
ruschii Dinter brevirostris N.E.Br. var. intermedia N.E.Br. = H. brevi-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1400–1600 m. N rostris subsp. intermedia
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Hoodia

brevirostris N.E.Br. var. longula (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & ingeae Lavranos = H. clavigera
B.Sloane = H. brevirostris subsp. intermedia insigniflora C.A.Maass
brevirostris N.E.Br. var. pallida (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & H. confusa E.Phillips (1)
B.Sloane = H. brevirostris subsp. intermedia Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–70 mm. Alt 1300–1850
m. LIM, M
brevirostris N.E.Br. var. parvipuncta A.C.White &
B.Sloane = H. brevirostris subsp. intermedia kennedyana Lavranos
brevirostris N.E.Br. var. scabra (N.E.Br.) A.C.White &
m. EC
B.Sloane = H. brevirostris subsp. intermedia
kirkii N.E.Br.
campanulata (Masson) Haw. H. bicampanulata I.Verd. (1)
H. campanulata (Masson) Haw. var. denticoronata N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 60 mm. Alt? WC
LIM, M, KZN
campanulata (Masson) Haw. var. denticoronata N.E.Br.
levyi Oberm.
= H. campanulata
clavigera (Jacq.) Haw. m. N, B
H. clavigera (Jacq.) Haw. var. maritima N.E.Br. (1)
H. decemdentata N.E.Br. (1) loeseneriana Schltr.
H. ingeae Lavranos (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–60 mm. Alt 1400–1700
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 50–60 mm. Alt? WC m. G, M, FS
clavigera (Jacq.) Haw. var. maritima N.E.Br. = H. clavi- longii Pillans
gera Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–80 mm. Alt 200–400 m.
confusa E.Phillips = H. insigniflora EC
decemdentata N.E.Br. = H. clavigera longii Pillans subsp. echidnopsioides (L.C.Leach)
Bruyns = H. echidnopsioides
distincta N.E.Br. = H. ×distincta
longituba N.E.Br. subsp. longituba
×distincta N.E.Br.
H. distincta N.E.Br. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 900–1500
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC m. B, NW, FS
echidnopsioides (L.C.Leach) L.C.Leach namaquensis Pillans
H. pillansii N.E.Br. subsp. echidnopsioides L.C.Leach (1) H. herrei A.C.White & B.Sloane (1)
H. longii Pillans subsp. echidnopsioides (L.C.Leach) Bruyns (1) H. owamboensis R.A.Dyer (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–120 mm. Alt 300–900 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–60 mm. Alt 20–1100 m.
EC N, NC
guttata (Masson) Haw. subsp. calitzdorpensis L.C.Leach namaquensis Pillans subsp. hallii (E.Lamb & B.M.Lamb)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–120 mm. Alt? WC Bruyns = H. hallii
guttata (Masson) Haw. subsp. guttata nouhuysii I.Verd.
H. ocellata (Jacq.) Schult. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–60 mm. Alt 1500–1600
Stapelia guttata Masson m. LIM
Stapelia ocellata Jacq. (1)
ocellata (Jacq.) Schult. = H. guttata subsp. guttata
m. NC, WC, EC oculata Hook.f.
H. rogersii R.A.Dyer (1)
hallii E.Lamb & B.M.Lamb Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? N
H. namaquensis Pillans subsp. hallii (E.Lamb & B.M.Lamb)
Bruyns (1) owamboensis R.A.Dyer = H. namaquensis
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 10–40 mm. Alt 1300–1700 pendula E.A.Bruce
m. N Perennial. Pendulous succulent. Length 0.15–0.5(–1.5)
herrei A.C.White & B.Sloane = H. namaquensis m. Alt 400–800 m. EC
humilis (Masson) Haw. piersii N.E.Br.
H. simplex N.E.Br. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? EC
Stapelia humilis Masson (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 10–50 mm. Alt 1200–1600 pillansii N.E.Br.
m. NC, WC, EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC, EC
hystrix (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. var. appendiculata (A.Berger) pillansii N.E.Br. subsp. echidnopsioides L.C.Leach = H.
A.C.White & B.Sloane = H. hystrix var. hystrix echidnopsioides
hystrix (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. var. hystrix plowesii L.C.Leach
H. appendiculata Berger (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 10–40 mm. Alt 1400–1950 m.
H. hystrix (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. var. appendiculata (A.Berger) A.C.White N
& B.Sloane (1)
Stapelia hystrix Hook.f. (1) praestans N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 100–1100 Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC
m. LIM, M, S, KZN primulina N.E.Br. var. primulina = H. thuretii var.
hystrix (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. var. parvula L.C.Leach primulina
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 200–600 m. primulina N.E.Br. var. rugosa N.E.Br. = H. thuretii var.
KZN, EC primulina
APOCYNACEAE Huernia DICOTYLEDONS

procumbens (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach zebrina N.E.Br. subsp. zebrina

Duvalia procumbens R.A.Dyer (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–80 mm. Alt 200–1300 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? LIM LIM, M, S, KZN
quinta (E.Phillips) A.C.White & B.Sloane var. blyde- zebrina N.E.Br. var. magniflora E.Phillips = H. zebrina
riverensis L.C.Leach subsp. magniflora
M HUERNIOPSIS N.E.Br. 6882000
quinta (E.Phillips) A.C.White & B.Sloane var. quinta atrosanguinea (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane =
H. scabra N.E.Br. var. quinta E.Phillips (1)
Piaranthus atrosanguineus
LIM, M decipiens N.E.Br. = Piaranthus decipiens
reticulata (Masson) Haw. gibbosa Nel in A.C.White & B.Sloane = Piaranthus
Stapelia reticulata Masson (1) atrosanguineus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 100–650 m. papillata Nel in A.C.White & B.Sloane = Piaranthus
NC, WC atrosanguineus
rogersii R.A.Dyer = H. oculata
ISCHNOLEPIS Jum. & H.Perrier 6747050
scabra N.E.Br. = H. brevirostris subsp. intermedia
(1) Bullock. 1955. Kew Bulletin 10: 362.
scabra N.E.Br. var. immaculata N.E.Br. = H. brevi- (2) Venter et al. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56,3: 393–398.
rostris subsp. intermedia (3) Venter & Verhoeven. 2001. Annals of the Missouri Botanical
Garden 88: 550–568.
scabra N.E.Br. var. longula N.E.Br. = H. brevirostris
subsp. intermedia natalensis (Schltr.) Venter
Pentopetia natalensis Schltr. (1)
scabra N.E.Br. var. quinta E.Phillips = H. quinta var. Petopentia natalensis (Schltr.) Bullock (3)
quinta Tacazzea natalensis (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (1)
simplex N.E.Br. = H. humilis Perennial. Climber. Ht up to 15 m. Alt 50–700 m.
KZN, EC
stapelioides Schltr.
H. vogtsii E.Phillips (1) KANAHIA R.Br. 6780000
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–80 mm. Alt 500–1100 m. (1) Brown. 1907–1909. FC 4: 315–1036.
LIM, G, M, S (2) Dyer. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: t. 900.
thudichumii L.C.Leach (3) Bullock. 1953. Kew Bulletin 1952: 405–426.
(4) Van Steenis. 1981. Rheophytes of the world: 203, 204.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC (5) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe Ascle-
thuretii F.Cels var. primulina (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach piadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis. Uni-
H. primulina N.E.Br. var. primulina (1) versity of Durban-Westville, Durban.
H. primulina N.E.Br. var. rugosa N.E.Br. (1)
glaberrima (Oliv.) N.E.Br. = K. laniflora
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? EC
laniflora Del., illegitimate name, superfluous = K. lani-
thuretii F.Cels var. thuretii
Stapelia thuretii (F.Cels) Croucher (1) flora
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–60 mm. Alt 30–1500 m. laniflora (Forssk.) R.Br.
N, NC, WC, EC Asclepias coarctata S.Moore (3)
Asclepias glaberrima (Oliv.) Schltr. (1)
transvaalensis Stent Asclepias laniflora Delile, not of Forssk., illegitimate name (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 900–1200 Asclepias laniflora Forssk. (1)
m. LIM, NW, G, M Asclepias rivalis S.Moore (4)
Canahia laniflora Steud. (1)
urceolata L.C.Leach Gomphocarpus glaberrimus Oliv. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 50–150 mm. Alt 1000–1300 K. glaberrima (Oliv.) N.E.Br. (2)
m. N K. laniflora Del., illegitimate name, superfluous (5)
Perennial. Rheophytic herb. Ht 0.25–2.5 m. Alt 273–
venusta (Masson) Haw. (insufficiently known) 915 m. LIM, M
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’
verekeri Stent var. verekeri KREBSIA Harv., not of Eckl. & 6789010
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 1000–1100 Zeyh.
m. N, B
carinata Schltr. = Xysmalobium carinatum
vogtsii E.Phillips = H. stapelioides
corniculata (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Stenostelma cornicula-
whitesloaneana Nel tum
stenoglossus (Schltr.) Schltr. = Stenostelma capense
m. LIM
witzenbergensis C.A.Lückh. LAGARINTHUS E.Mey. 6778040
abyssinicus Hochst. ex Benth., superfluous name, ille-
zebrina N.E.Br. subsp. magniflora (E.Phillips) L.C. gitimate = Aspidoglossum interruptum
Leach
H. blackbeardiae R.A.Dyer (1) atrorubens (Schltr.) Bullock = Schizoglossum bidens
H. zebrina N.E.Br. var. magniflora E.Phillips (1) subsp. atrorubens
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? N, B, LIM, NW, M barbatus Turcz. = Sisyranthus barbatus
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Huernia

brevicuspis E.Mey. = Asclepias brevicuspis Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–150 mm. Alt? N, NC

corniculatus E.Mey. = Stenostelma corniculatum felina (D.T.Cole) Plowes
Lavrania cactiformis (Hook.) Bruyns in part (2)
diversus (N.E.Br.) Bullock = Schizoglossum bidens Leachia felina (D.T.Cole) Plowes, illegitimate name (2)
subsp. gracile Leachiella felina (D.T.Cole) Plowes, illegitimate name (2)
exilis Decne., superfluous name, illegitimate = Aspido- Trichocaulon felinum D.T.Cole in part (2)
glossum gracile Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt up to 1100 m.
NC
expansus E.Mey. = Asclepias expansa
marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes
eustegioides E.Mey. = Schizoglossum eustegioides Lavrania marlothii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns in part (2)
filiformis E.Mey. = Gomphocarpus filiformis Leachia marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, illegitimate name (2)
Leachiella marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, illegitimate name (2)
flexuosus E.Mey. = Asclepias flexuosa Trichocaulon keetmanshoopense Dinter (2)
galpinii (Schltr.) Bullock = Schizoglossum bidens subsp. Trichocaulon marlothii N.E.Br. (2)
galpinii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 150 mm. Alt up to 1000
m. N, NC
gibbus E.Mey. = Asclepias gibba var. gibba
meloformis (Marloth) Plowes
gracilis E.Mey. = Aspidoglossum gracile Lavrania picta (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. picta in part (2)
involucratus E.Mey. = Xysmalobium involucratum Leachia meloformis (Marloth) Plowes (2)
Leachiella meloformis (Marloth) Plowes (2)
interruptus E.Mey. = Aspidoglossum interruptum Trichocaulon engleri Dinter (2)
linearis E.Mey. = Pachycarpus linearis Trichocaulon meloforme Marloth (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 800–1600 m.
macer E.Mey. = Sisyranthus macer
N
multicaulis E.Mey. = Asclepias multicaulis
perlata (Dinter) Plowes
navicularis E.Mey. = Asclepias navicularis Lavrania perlata (Dinter) Bruyns (2)
peltigerus E.Mey. = Asclepias peltigera Leachia perlata (Dinter) Plowes, illegitimate name (2)
Leachiella perlata (Dinter) Plowes, illegitimate name (2)
revolutus E.Mey. = Asclepias stellifera Trichocaulon cinereum Pillans in part (2)
revolutus E.Mey. var. minor E.Mey. = Asclepias meye- Trichocaulon kubusense Nel (2)
riana Trichocaulon perlatum Dinter (2)
Trichocaulon truncatum Pillans (2)
tenellus Turcz. = Schizoglossum aschersonianum var. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 250–700 m.
aschersonianum NC
tenuis E.Mey. = Schizoglossum linifolium var. linifolium
picta (N.E.Br.) Plowes
truncatus E.Mey. = Asclepias praemorsa Lavrania picta (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. picta in part (2)
virgatus E.Mey. = Aspidoglossum virgatum Leachia picta (N.E.Br.) Plowes (2)
Leachiella picta Plowes (2)
Trichocaulon pictum N.E.Br. (2)
LANDOLPHIA P.Beauv. 6562000 Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 800–1600 m. NC
(1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 258–261.
(2) Kupicha. 1985. FZ 7,2: 408–416. similis (N.E.Br.) Plowes
Lavrania cactiformis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns in part (2)
capensis Oliv. = Ancylobotrys capensis Leachia similis (N.E.Br.) Plowes, illegitimate name (2)
kirkii T.-Dyer ex Hook.f. Leachiella similis (N.E.Br.) Plowes, illegitimate name (2)
Trichocaulon simile N.E.Br. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.6–9 m. Alt 0–1500 m.
LIM, KZN Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? NC
petersiana (Klotzsch) T.-Dyer ex Hook.f. = Ancylo- sociarum (A.C.White & B.Sloane) Plowes (insuffi-
botrys petersiana ciently known)
Leachia sociarum (A.C.White & B.Sloane) Plowes, illegitimate
name (2)
LARRYLEACHIA Plowes 6879060 Leachiella sociarum (A.C.White & B.Sloane) Plowes, illegitimate
(1) Bruyns. 1993. Botanische Jahrbücher 115: 145–270. name (2)
(2) Plowes. 1996. Excelsa 17: 3–28. Trichocaulon sociarum A.C.White & B.Sloane (insufficiently
(3) Bruyns. 1999. South African Journal of Botany 65: 302–305. known) (2)
Note: separation of Larryleachia from Lavrania inferred from non- Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? N
coding nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences.
tirasmontana Plowes
cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes Leachia tirasmontana Plowes, illegitimate name (2)
Lavrania cactiformis (Hook) Bruyns in part (2) Leachiella tirasmontana Plowes, illegitimate name (2)
Leachia cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes, illegitimate name (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.03–0.18 m. Alt 350–1800
Leachiella cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes, illegitimate name (2)
Trichocaulon cactiforme (Hook.) N.E.Br. (2) m. N
Stapelia cactiformis Hook. (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 150–1100 m. LAVRANIA Plowes 6879050
NC (1) Bruyns. 1993. Botanische Jahrbücher 115: 145–270.
(2) Plowes. 1996. Excelsa 17: 3–28.
dinteri (A.Berger) Plowes (3) Bruyns. 1999. South African Journal of Botany 65: 302–305.
Lavrania marlothii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns in part (2)
Leachia dinteri (A.Berger) Plowes, illegitimate name (2) cactiformis (Hook.) Bruyns in part = Larryleachia cac-
Leachiella dinteri (A.Berger) Plowes, illegitimate name (2) tiformis
Trichocaulon dinteri A.Berger (2)
Trichocaulon sinus-luederitzii Dinter (2) cactiformis (Hook.) Bruyns in part = Larryleachia felina
APOCYNACEAE Lagarinthus DICOTYLEDONS

cactiformis (Hook.) Bruyns in part = Larryleachia sim- LOCHNERA Rchb. 6597010

ilis
rosea (L.) Rchb. ex Endl. = Catharanthus roseus
haagnerae Plowes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 700–900 m. LUCKHOFFIA A.C.White & 6885030
N B.Sloane
marlothii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns in part = Larryleachia din- beukmanii (C.A.Lückh.) A.C.White & B.Sloane =
teri ×Hoodiapelia beukmanii
marlothii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns in part = Larryleachia mar-
lothii MACROPETALUM Burch. ex Decne. 6865000
perlata (Dinter) Bruyns = Larryleachia perlata burchellii Decne. var. burchellii = Brachystelma bur-
chellii var. burchellii
picta (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. picta in part = Larry-
leachia meloformis burchellii Decne. var. grandiflora N.E.Br. = Brachy-
stelma burchellii var. burchellii
picta (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. picta in part = Larry-
leachia picta MAFEKINGIA Baill. 6747090
LEACHIA Plowes, illegitimate name 6879010 parquetiana Baill. = Raphionacme hirsuta
cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry- MARSDENIA R.Br. 6911000
leachia cactiformis (1) Brown. 1908. FC 4,1: 774, 775.
dinteri (A.Berger) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry- (2) Huber. 1967. FSWA 114: 41, 42.
(3) Forster. 1995. Australian Systematic Botany 8: 703–933.
leachia dinteri
floribunda (E.Mey.) N.E.Br.
felina (D.T.Cole) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry- Dregea floribunda E.Mey. (1)
leachia felina Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 50–700 m. EC
marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry- macrantha (Klotzsch) Schltr.
leachia marlothii Dregea macrantha Klotzsch (2)
meloformis (Marloth) Plowes = Larryleachia melofor- Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 600–1500 m. N, B
mis sylvestris (Retz.) P.I.Forst.
perlata (Dinter) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry- Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) Schult. (3)
leachia perlata Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 500–1200 m. N, B,
LIM, M, KZN
picta (N.E.Br.) Plowes = Larryleachia picta
similis (N.E.Br.) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry- METASTELMA R.Br. 6798000
leachia similis costatum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Parapodium costatum
sociarum (A.C.White & B.Sloane) Plowes = Larry-
leachia sociarum MICROLOMA R.Br. 6752000
(1) Bruyns & Linder. 1991. Botanische Jahrbücher 112: 453–527.
tirasmontana Plowes, illegitimate name = Larryleachia
tirasmontana armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. armatum
M. campanulatum Wanntorp (1)
LEACHIELLA Plowes, illegitimate 6879020 M. dregei (E.Mey.) Wanntorp (1)
M. hystricoides Wanntorp (1)
name M. massonii (Schult.) Schltr. (1)
cactiformis (Hook.) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry- M. spinosum N.E.Br. subsp. dinteri (Schltr.) Wanntorp (1)
M. spinosum N.E.Br. subsp. spinosum (1)
leachia cactiformis M. spinosum N.E.Br. subsp. velutinum Wanntorp (1)
dinteri (A.Berger) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry- Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 150–
leachia dinteri 1800 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC
felina (D.T.Cole) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry- armatum (Thunb.) Schltr. var. burchellii (N.E.Br.)
leachia felina Bruyns
marlothii (N.E.Br.) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry- M. burchellii N.E.Br. (1)
M. viridiflorum N.E.Br. (1)
leachia marlothii
meloformis (Marloth) Plowes = Larryleachia melofor- 1200 m. N, NC, WC
mis
burchellii N.E.Br. = M. armatum var. burchellii
perlata (Dinter) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry-
calycinum E.Mey.
leachia perlata M. calycinum E.Mey. subsp. flavescens (E.Mey.) Wanntorp (1)
picta Plowes = Larryleachia picta Perennial. Dwarf shrub or climber. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt
similis (N.E.Br.) Plowes, illegitimate name = Larry- 100–1300 m. N, NC
leachia similis calycinum E.Mey. subsp. flavescens (E.Mey.) Wanntorp
sociarum (A.C.White & B.Sloane) Plowes = Larry- = M. calycinum
leachia sociarum campanulatum Wanntorp = M. armatum var. armatum
tirasmontana Plowes, illegitimate name = Larryleachia dregei (E.Mey.) Wanntorp = M. armatum var. arma-
tirasmontana tum
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Lavrania

gibbosum N.E.Br. = M. sagittatum pulchellum (Schltr.) Kupicha

Schizoglossum pulchellum Schltr. (1)
glabratum E.Mey. subsp. glabratum = M. sagittatum
glabratum E.Mey. subsp. subglabratum Wanntorp = M. 2380 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
sagittatum
superbum Kupicha
hereroense Wanntorp
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1000–2300 m. N
2100 m. KZN
hystricoides Wanntorp = M. armatum var. armatum
verticillare (Schltr.) Kupicha
incanum Decne. Schizoglossum verticillare Schltr. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 400–1700 m. N, NC Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–350 mm. Alt 900–
lanatum Wanntorp (insufficiently known) 1800 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt ± 100 m. N
longitubum Schltr. MONDIA Skeels 6729000
Perennial. Shrub to dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt (1) Bullock. 1961. Kew Bulletin 15: 193–206.
800–1500 m. N, NC whitei (Hook.f.) Skeels
Chlorocodon whitei Hook.f. (1)
massonii (Schult.) Schltr. = M. armatum var. armatum
Perennial. Climber. Ht up to 12 m. Alt 20–1400 m.
namaquense Bolus LIM, S, KZN
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 750–1150 m. NC
penicillatum Schltr. *NERIUM L. 6687000
M. schäferi Dinter (1) (1) Markgraf. 1972. Flora europaea 3: 68.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 300–800 m. N (2) Pagen. 1987. Agricultural University Wageningen Papers 87-2:
poicilanthum H.Huber 1–113.
(3) Henderson. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: 159.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub to climber. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt
850–1900 m. N, NC indicum Mill. = N. oleander
sagittatum (L.) R.Br. oleander L.
M. gibbosum N.E.Br. (1) N. indicum Mill. (2)
M. glabratum E.Mey. subsp. glabratum (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 350–1900 m. M, KZN,
M. glabratum E.Mey. subsp. subglabratum Wanntorp (1) WC, EC
M. sagittatum (L.) R.Br. subsp. pillansii Wanntorp (1)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 10–1300 m. NC, NOTECHIDNOPSIS Lavranos 6877010
WC, EC & Bleck
sagittatum (L.) R.Br. subsp. pillansii Wanntorp = M. (1) Bruyns. 1999. Kew Bulletin 54: 327–345.
sagittatum
columnaris (Nel) Lavranos & Bleck
schäferi Dinter = M. penicillatum Echidnopsis columnaris (Nel) R.A.Dyer & D.S.Hardy (1)
Trichocaulon columnare Nel (1)
spinosum N.E.Br. subsp. dinteri (Schltr.) Wanntorp = M.
armatum var. armatum Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.08–0.6 m. Alt 500–800 m.
NC
spinosum N.E.Br. subsp. spinosum = M. armatum var.
armatum tessellata (Pillans) Lavranos & Bleck
Caralluma serpentina Nel (1)
spinosum N.E.Br. subsp. velutinum Wanntorp = M. Caralluma tessellata Pillans (1)
armatum var. armatum Echidnopsis serpentina (Nel) A.C.White & B.Sloane (1)
tenuifolium (L.) K.Schum.
NC, WC
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 50–1100 m. WC
viridiflorum N.E.Br. = M. armatum var. burchellii ONCINEMA Arn. 6842000
MIRAGLOSSUM Kupicha 6778020
(1) Kupicha. 1984. Kew Bulletin 38: 625–633.
lineare (L.f.) Bullock
Glossostephanus linearis (L.f.) E.Mey. (1)
anomalum (N.E.Br.) Kupicha Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 50–1200 m. WC,
Schizoglossum anomalum N.E.Br. (1)
EC
1560 m. KZN, EC ONCINOTIS Benth. 6686000
davyi (N.E.Br.) Kupicha (1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 288, 289.
Schizoglossum davyi N.E.Br. (1) (2) Kupicha. 1985. FZ 7,2: 492–495.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 300–600 mm. Alt 1700– inandensis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans = O. tenuiloba
2076 m. M
tenuiloba Stapf
laeve Kupicha O. inandensis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 170–520 mm. Alt ± Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht up to 30 m. Alt 50–850
1500 m. NW, G m. S, KZN, EC
pilosum (Schltr.) Kupicha
Schizoglossum pilosum Schltr. (1) OPHIONELLA Bruyns 6889020
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–400 mm. Alt 900– (1) Bruyns. 1999. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 131:
1770 m. KZN, EC 383–398.
APOCYNACEAE Microloma DICOTYLEDONS

arcuata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. arcuata Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 900–1600
Pectinaria arcuata N.E.Br. (1) m. LIM, M
Perennial. Creeping succulent. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 400–
gerstneri (Letty) Bruyns subsp. gerstneri
750 m. EC Caralluma gerstneri Letty (2)
arcuata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. mirkinii (Pillans) Orbeopsis gerstneri (Letty) L.C.Leach subsp. gerstneri (2)
Bruyns Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–70 mm. Alt 250–700 m.
O. arcuata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns var. mirkinii (Pillans) Bruyns (1) S, KZN
Pectinaria mirkinii Pillans (1)
hardyi (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns
Perennial. Creeping succulent. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 400– Orbeanthus hardyi (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach (2)
750 m. EC Stultitia hardyi R.A.Dyer (2)
arcuata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns var. mirkinii (Pillans) Bruyns Perennial. Creeping succulent. Length 30–300 mm.
= O. arcuata subsp. mirkinii Alt 900–1500 m. LIM, M
willowmorensis Bruyns huillensis (Hiern) Bruyns subsp. flava Bruyns
Perennial. Creeping succulent. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 1000– Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–120 mm. Alt ± 1200 m. N
1300 m. EC huillensis (Hiern) Bruyns subsp. huillensis
Caralluma tsumebensis Oberm. (2)
ORBEA Haw. 6885050 Orbeopsis tsumebensis (Oberm.) L.C.Leach (2)
(1) Leach. 1978. Excelsa Taxonomic Series 1: 1–74. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.04–0.5 m. Alt 900–1300 m.
(2) Bruyns. 2002. Systematic Botany Monographs: 63: 1–190. N, B
albocastanea (Marloth) Bruyns irrorata (Masson) L.C.Leach = O. verrucosa
Caralluma albocastanea (Marloth) L.C.Leach (2) knobelii (E.Phillips) Bruyns
Orbeopsis albocastanea (Marloth) L.C.Leach (2) Caralluma knobelii (E.Phillips) E.Phillips (2)
Stapelia albocastanea Marloth (2) Caralluma langii A.C.White & B.Sloane (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–80 mm. Alt 1200–1700 Caralluma kalaharica Nel in A.C.White & B.Sloane (2)
m. N Orbeopsis knobelii (E.Phillips) L.C.Leach (2)
Stapelia knobelii E.Phillips (2)
carnosa (Stent) Bruyns subsp. carnosa
Caralluma carnosa Stent (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 900–1100
Pachycymbium carnosum (Stent) L.C.Leach (2) m. B, NW, NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–150 mm. Alt 1000–1400 longidens (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach
m. LIM, NW Stapelia longidens N.E.Br. (2)
carnosa (Stent) Bruyns subsp. keithii (R.A.Dyer) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 50–120 mm. Alt 10–100 m.
Bruyns KZN
Caralluma fosteri Pillans (2) lugardii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
Caralluma keithii R.A.Dyer (2) Angolluma lugardii (N.E.Br.) Plowes (2)
Caralluma schweickerdtii Oberm. (2) Caralluma longicuspis N.E.Br. (2)
Pachycymbium keithii (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach (2) Caralluma lugardii N.E.Br. (2)
Pachycymbium lancasteri Lavranos (2) Pachycymbium lugardii (N.E.Br.) M.G.Gilbert (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–150 mm. Alt 300–1200 Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.04–0.15 m. Alt 600–1700
m. B, LIM, M, S, KZN m. N, B, LIM, NW, NC
caudata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. rhodesiaca (L.C.Leach) lutea (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. lutea
Bruyns Caralluma lateritia N.E.Br. (2)
Caralluma caudata N.E.Br. subsp. rhodesiaca L.C.Leach (2) Caralluma lutea N.E.Br. (2)
Caralluma caudata N.E.Br. var. milleri Nel (2) Caralluma lutea N.E.Br. var. lateritia (N.E.Br.) Nel (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–150 mm. Alt 800–1200 Caralluma vansonii Bremek. & Oberm. (2)
Orbeopsis lutea (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. lutea (2)
m. N, B
ciliata (Thunb.) L.C.Leach m. B, LIM, NW, G, FS
Diplocyatha ciliata (Thunb.) N.E.Br. (2)
Stapelia ciliata Thunb. (2) lutea (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. vaga (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–120 mm. Alt 600–1200 Caralluma lutea N.E.Br. subsp. vaga (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach (2)
Caralluma nebrownii A.Berger (2)
m. NC, WC Caralluma nebrownii A.Berger var. discolor Nel (2)
conjuncta (A.C.White & B.Sloane) Bruyns Caralluma nebrownii A.Berger var. pseudonebrownii (Dinter)
Orbeanthus conjunctus (A.C.White & B.Sloane) L.C.Leach (2) A.C.White & B.Sloane (2)
Stultitia conjuncta A.C.White & B.Sloane (2) Caralluma pseudonebrownii Dinter (2)
Perennial. Creeping succulent. Length 50–200 mm. Caralluma vaga (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane (2)
Orbeopsis lutea (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. vaga (N.E.Br.)
Alt 900–1600 m. LIM L.C.Leach (2)
cooperi (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach Stapelia vaga N.E.Br. (2)
Stapelia cooperi N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–120 mm. Alt 800–1700
Stapeliopsis cooperi (N.E.Br.) E.Phillips, illegitimate name (2) m. N, NC
Stultitia cooperi (N.E.Br.) E.Phillips (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–60 mm. Alt 900–1500 m. macloughlinii (I.Verd.) L.C.Leach
O. speciosa L.C. Leach (2)
NW, FS, NC Stapelia macloughlinii I.Verd. (2)
gerstneri (Letty) Bruyns subsp. elongata (R.A.Dyer) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–100 mm. Alt 500–700 m.
Bruyns KZN, EC
Caralluma gerstneri Letty subsp. elongata R.A.Dyer (2)
Orbeopsis gerstneri (Letty) L.C.Leach subsp. elongata (R.A.Dyer) maculata (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. kaokoensis
L.C.Leach (2) Bruyns
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Ophionella

Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–100 mm. Alt 1200–1800 Stapelia tapscottii I.Verd. (2)
m. N Stultitia tapscottii (I.Verd.) E.Phillips (2)
maculata (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. maculata m. B, LIM, NW, G, M
Caralluma grandidens I.Verd. (2)
Caralluma maculata N.E.Br. (2) ubomboensis (I.Verd.) Bruyns
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–100 mm. Alt 300–1200 Angolluma ubomboensis (I.Verd.) Plowes (2)
m. B, LIM, M, KZN Caralluma ubomboensis I.Verd. (2)
Pachycymbium ubomboense (I.Verd.) M.G.Gilbert (2)
maculata (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. rangeana (Dinter Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 15–80 mm. Alt 300–
& A.Berger) Bruyns 1400 m. LIM, S, KZN
Caralluma maculata N.E.Br. var. brevidens H.Huber (2)
Caralluma rangeana Dinter & A.Berger (2) valida (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. valida
O. rangeana (Dinter & A.Berger) L.C.Leach (2) Caralluma valida N.E.Br. (2)
Piaranthus streyianus Nel (2) Orbeopsis valida (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–80 mm. Alt 350–2400 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–200 mm. Alt 900–1200
N m. N, B
melanantha (Schltr) Bruyns valida (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. occidentalis Bruyns
Caralluma leendertziae N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–150 mm. Alt 1000–1500
Caralluma melanantha (Schltr) N.E.Br. (2) m. N, B
Caralluma rubiginosa Werderm. (2)
Orbeopsis melanantha (Schltr.) L.C.Leach (2) variegata (L.) Haw.
Stapelia furcata N.E.Br. (2) Stapelia lepida Jacq. (2)
Stapelia melanantha Schltr. (2) Stapelia variegata L. (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 1000–1700 Perennial. Succulent. Ht 25–100 mm. Alt 5–1000 m.
m. LIM, G, M WC, EC
miscella (N.E.Br.) Meve verrucosa (Masson) L.C.Leach
Angolluma miscella (N.E.Br.) Plowes (2) O. irrorata (Masson) L.C.Leach (2)
Caralluma bredae R.A.Dyer var. bredae (2) O. verrucosa (Masson) L.C.Leach var. fucosa (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach (2)
Caralluma bredae R.A.Dyer var. thomallae R.A.Dyer (2) O. verrucosa (Masson) L.C.Leach var. verrucosa (2)
Pachycymbium miscellum (N.E.Br.) M.G.Gilbert (2) Stapelia fucosa N.E.Br. (2)
Stapelia miscella N.E.Br. (2) Stapelia irrorata Masson (2)
Stultitia miscella (N.E.Br.) C.A.Lückh. (2) Stapelia pulchra Schult. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 10–70 mm. Alt 500– Stapelia verrucosa Masson (2)
1500 m. NC, WC, EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 25–100 mm. Alt 20–1700 m.
WC, EC
namaquensis (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach
Stapelia namaquensis N.E.Br. (2) verrucosa (Masson) L.C.Leach var. fucosa (N.E.Br.)
Stapelia tridentata (N.E.Br.) Rüst (2) L.C.Leach = O. verrucosa
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 200–1500 verrucosa (Masson) L.C.Leach var. verrucosa = O. ver-
m. NC rucosa
namaquensis (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach × Stapelia hirsuta L. woodii (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach
Stapelia barklyi N.E.Br. (2) Stapelia woodii N.E.Br. (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? NC Stapelia woodii N.E.Br. var. westii R.A.Dyer (2)
paradoxa (I.Verd.) L.C.Leach Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–60 mm. Alt 800–1200 m.
Stultitia paradoxa I.Verd. (2) KZN
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–60 mm. Alt 20–300 m. M,
S, KZN ORBEANTHUS L.C.Leach 6885060
pulchella (Masson) L.C.Leach conjunctus (A.C.White & B.Sloane) L.C.Leach =
Stapelia pulchella Masson (2) Orbea conjuncta
EC hardyi (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach = Orbea hardyi
rangeana (Dinter & A.Berger) L.C.Leach = O. macula- ORBEOPSIS L.C.Leach 6885070
ta subsp. rangeana
albocastanea (Marloth) L.C.Leach = Orbea albocas-
rogersii (L.Bolus) Bruyns tanea
Angolluma rogersii (L.Bolus) Plowes (2)
Caralluma rogersii (L.Bolus) E.A.Bruce & R.A.Dyer (2) gerstneri (Letty) L.C.Leach subsp. elongata (R.A.Dyer)
Pachycymbium rogersii (L.Bolus) M.G.Gilbert (2) L.C.Leach = Orbea gerstneri subsp. elongata
Stapelia rogersii L.Bolus (2)
gerstneri (Letty) L.C.Leach subsp. gerstneri = Orbea
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–100 mm. Alt 500–1200 gerstneri subsp. gerstneri
m. B, LIM, M, KZN
knobelii (E.Phillips) L.C.Leach = Orbea knobelii
schweinfurthii (A.Berger) Bruyns
Angolluma schweinfurthii (A.Berger) Plowes (2) lutea (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. lutea = Orbea lutea
Caralluma schweinfurthii A.Berger (2) subsp. lutea
Pachycymbium schweinfurthii (A.Berger) M.G.Gilbert (2) lutea (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. vaga (N.E.Br.)
Perennial. Creeping succulent. Ht 20–40 mm. Alt 900– L.C.Leach = Orbea lutea subsp. vaga
1100 m. N, B melanantha (Schltr.) L.C.Leach = Orbea melanantha
speciosa L.C.Leach = O. macloughlinii tsumebensis (Oberm.) L.C.Leach = Orbea huillensis
tapscottii (I.Verd.) L.C.Leach subsp. huillensis
APOCYNACEAE Orbea DICOTYLEDONS

valida (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach = Orbea valida subsp. valida dealbatus E.Mey.

Asclepias alatus Schltr. (5)
ORTHANTHERA Wight 6862000 Asclepias dealbata (E.Mey.) Schltr. (5)
(1) Huber. 1967. FSWA 114: 46, 47. Gomphocarpus alatus Schltr. (5 )
Gomphocarpus dealbatus (E.Mey.) Decne. (5)
albida Schinz P. ligulatus E.Mey. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 300–800 m. N Xysmalobium dealbatum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (5)
Xysmalobium ligulatum D.Dietr. (5)
browniana Schinz = O. jasminiflora
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 250–
jasminiflora (Decne.) Schinz 1600 m. KZN, WC, EC
Barrowia jasminiflora Decne. (1)
O. browniana Schinz (1) decorus N.E.Br.
Perennial. Creeper. Length up to 3 m. Alt 800–1500 Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 450–
m. N, B 1800 m. M, S, KZN
galpinii (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
PACHYCARPUS E.Mey. 6787010 Asclepias galpinii (Schltr.) Schltr. (5)
(1) Brown. 1909. FC 4,1: 315–418. Gomphocarpus galpinii Schltr. (5)
(2) Phillips. 1926. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 6: tt. 210, 219. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 1220–
(4) Smith. 1980. Taxonomic studies in Pachycarpus 1800 m. M, S
(Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. M.Sc. thesis. University of gerrardii (Harv.) N.E.Br. = P. campanulatus var. suther-
Natal, Pietermaritzburg. landii
(5) Smith. 1988. South African Journal of Botany 54: 399–439.
(6) Nicholas & Goyder. 1990. Bothalia 20: 87–90. gomphocarpoides E.Mey. = Xysmalobium gompho-
(7) Goyder. 1998. Kew Bulletin 53,2: 335–374. carpoides var. gomphocarpoides
(8) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe Ascle-
piadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis. Uni- grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. subsp. grandiflorus
versity of Durban-Westville, Durban. Asclepias grandiflora L.f. (1)
Asclepias grandiflora L.f. var. chrysantha Schltr. (5)
albens E.Mey. = Asclepias albens Gomphocarpus grandiflorus (L.f.) Decne. (5)
appendiculatus E.Mey. P. grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. var. chrysanthus N.E.Br. (5)
Asclepias appendiculata (E.Mey.) Schltr. (5) P. grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. var. elatocarinatus N.E.Br. (5)
Gomphocarpus appendiculatus (E.Mey.) Decne. (5) Xysmalobium grandiflorum (L.f.) R.Br. (5)
Gomphocarpus macroglossus Turcz. (5) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 30–1800
Xysmalobium appendiculatum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (5) m. M, KZN, EC
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.25–0.5 m. Alt 140– grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. subsp. tomentosus (Schltr.)
1000 m. M, S, KZN, EC Goyder
asperifolius Meisn. Gomphocarpus grandiflorus (L.f.) Decne var. tomentosus Schltr. (5)
Asclepias valida (Schltr.) Schltr. (5) P. grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. var. tomentosus (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (7)
Gomphocarpus asperifolius (Meisn.) Walp. (5) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? M,
Gomphocarpus validus Schltr. (5) KZN
P. inconstans N.E.Br. (5)
P. validus (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (5) grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. var. chrysanthus N.E.Br. = P.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.3–1.1 m. Alt 60–1700 grandiflorus subsp. grandiflorus
m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. var. elatocarinatus N.E.Br. =
campanulatus (Harv.) N.E.Br. var. campanulatus P. grandiflorus subsp. grandiflorus
Gomphocarpus campanulatus Harv. (5 ) grandiflorus (L.f.) E.Mey. var. tomentosus (Schltr.)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–800 mm. Alt 1000– N.E.Br. = P. grandiflorus subsp. tomentosus
2075 m. KZN, EC humilis E.Mey. = Asclepias humilis
campanulatus (Harv.) N.E.Br. var. sutherlandii N.E.Br. inconstans N.E.Br. = P. asperifolius
Asclepias gerrardii (Harv.) Schltr. (5)
Gomphocarpus gerrardii Harv. (5) insignis (Schltr.) N.E.Br. = P. transvaalensis
P. gerrardii (Harv.) N.E.Br. (5) lebomboensis D.M.N.Sm.
Schizoglossum gerrardii (Harv.) Benth. & Hook.f. (5) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? KZN
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–800 mm. Alt 1100– ligulatus E.Mey. = Pachycarpus dealbatus
2100 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
linearis (E.Mey.) N.E.Br.
concolor E.Mey. Asclepias linearis (E.Mey.) Schltr. (5)
Asclepias concolor (E.Mey.) Schltr. (5) Gomphocarpus linearis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (5)
Asclepias geminiflora (Schltr.) Schltr. (5) Lagarinthus linearis E.Mey. (1)
Gomphocarpus concolor (E.Mey.) Decne. (5) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 280–650 mm. Alt (100–)
Gomphocarpus geminiflorus Schltr. (5)
Xysmalobium concolor (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (5) 750–900 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.2–0.7(–1) m. Alt 10– lineolatus (Decne.) Bullock
1700 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC Asclepias lineolata (Decne.) Schltr. (7)
Asclepias schweinfurthii N.E.Br. (7)
coronarius E.Mey. Gomphocarpus lineolatus Decne. (7)
Gomphocarpus coronarius (E.Mey.) Decne. (5) P. schweinfurthii (N.E.Br.) Bullock (7)
Xysmalobium coronarium (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (5) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 700–
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.5–0.7 m. Alt 100–500 2500 m. N
m. KZN, EC
mackenii (Harv.) N.E.Br.
crispus (P.J.Bergius) E.Mey. = Asclepias crispa var. Asclepias mackenii (Harv.) Schltr. (5).
crispa Gomphocarpus mackenii Harv. (5)
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Orbeopsis

Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt? KZN vexillaris E.Mey.

Asclepias vexillare (E.Mey.) Schltr. (5)
macrochilus (Schltr.) N.E.Br. Xysmalobium vexillare (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (5)
Asclepias macrochila Schltr. (5)
2600 m. L, WC, EC
2600 m. G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
vexillaris E.Mey. var. stenoglossus E.Mey. = P. steno-
marginatus E.Mey. = Woodia mucronata
glossus
natalensis N.E.Br.
viridiflorus E.Mey. = Asclepias dregeana var. dregeana
1150 m. KZN, EC PACHYCYMBIUM L.C.Leach 6885080
orbicularis E.Mey. = Xysmalobium orbiculare carnosum (Stent) L.C.Leach = Orbea carnosa subsp.
plicatus N.E.Br. carnosa
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 760– keithii (R.A.Dyer) L.C.Leach = Orbea carnosa subsp.
1100(–2200) m. KZN, EC keithii
reflectens E.Mey. lancasteri Lavranos = Orbea carnosa subsp. keithii
Asclepias reflectens (E.Mey.) Schltr. (5)
Gomphocarpus reflectens (E.Mey.) Decne. (5) lugardii (N.E.Br.) M.G.Gilbert = Orbea lugardii
Xysmalobium reflectens (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (5) miscellum (N.E.Br.) M.G.Gilbert = Orbea miscella
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.3–0.55 m. Alt 200– rogersii (L.Bolus) M.G.Gilbert = Orbea rogersii
1400 m. EC
schweinfurthii (A.Berger) M.G.Gilbert = Orbea schwein-
rigidus E.Mey. furthii
Asclepias rigidus (E.Mey.) Schltr. (5)
Gomphocarpus rigidus (E.Mey.) Decne. (5) ubomboense (I.Verd.) M.G.Gilbert = Orbea ubomboen-
Gomphocarpus rigidus (E.Mey.) Decne. var. tridens (E.Mey.) sis
Decne. (5)
P. rigidus E.Mey. var. tridens E.Mey. (5) PACHYPODIUM Lindl. 6681000
Xysmalobium rigidum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (5)
(1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 288, 289.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 600– (2) Kupicha. 1985. FZ 7,2: 462–464.
2000 m. G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
bispinosum (L.f.) A.DC.
rigidus E.Mey. var. tridens E.Mey. = P. rigidus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt
rostratus N.E.Br. 15–685 m. EC
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht ± 200 mm. Alt? KZN lealii Welw.
scaber (Harv.) N.E.Br. Perennial. Tree, shrub, succulent. Ht 2–6 m. Alt 780–
Asclepias scabra (Harv.) Schltr. (5) 1400 m. N
Gomphocarpus scaber Harv. (5)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt 750– namaquanum (Wyley ex Harv.) Welw.
1850 m. M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 244–1060 m. N,
NC
schinzianus (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
Asclepias schinzianus (Schltr.) Schltr. (5) saundersii N.E.Br.
Gomphocarpus schinzianus Schltr. (5) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 75–
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1220– 1200 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
1525 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN succulentum (L.f.) Sweet
schweinfurthii (N.E.Br.) Bullock = P. lineolatus Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 288–
stelliceps N.E.Br. 1500 m. FS, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 200–300 mm. Alt ±
1500 m. S PARAPODIUM E.Mey. 6762000
(1) Brown. 1909. FC 4: 315–418.
stenoglossus (E.Mey.) N.E.Br. (2) Phillips. 1931. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 11: t. 410.
P. vexillaris E.Mey. var. stenoglossus E.Mey. (5) (3) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 1830– Asclepiadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis.
2100 m. EC University of Durban-Westville, Durban.
suaveolens (Schltr.) Nicholas & Goyder costatum E.Mey.

Metastelma costatum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (1)
Asclepias macra Schltr. (6)
Rhombonema luridum Schltr. (1)
Asclepias suaveolens Schltr. (6)
Gomphocarpus suaveolens Schltr. (6) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 75–280 mm. Alt 1050–
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 1400– 1555 m. B, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
2000 m. M, S crispum N.E.Br.
transvaalensis (Schltr.) N.E.Br. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–200 mm. Alt 500–
Asclepias insignis (Schltr.) Schltr. (5) 1800 m. EC
Asclepias transvaalensis (Schltr.) Schltr. (5) simile N.E.Br.
Gomphocarpus insignis Schltr. (5)
Gomphocarpus transvaalensis Schltr. (5)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–250 mm. Alt ±
P. insignis (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (5) 1200 m. G, FS, KZN
1570 m. LIM, M, S, KZN PECTINARIA Haw. 6889000
(1) Bruyns. 1981. Cactus and Succulent Journal of Great Britain 43:
validus (Schltr.) N.E.Br. = P. asperifolius 61–83.
APOCYNACEAE Pachycarpus DICOTYLEDONS

arcuata N.E.Br. = Ophionella arcuata subsp. arcuata insipidum in sense of Bullock, misapplied name = P.
articulata (Aiton) Haw. subsp. articulata abyssinicum subsp. angolense
Stapelia articulata Aiton (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–40 mm. Alt 1000–1600 PENTATROPIS R.Br. 6853000
m. NC (2) Bruyns. 1997. South African Journal of Botany 63: 241.
articulata (Aiton) Haw. subsp. asperiflora (N.E.Br.)
capensis (L.f.) Bullock (insufficiently known)
Bruyns Asclepias microphylla Roth (2)
P. asperiflora N.E.Br. (1)
Asclepias microphylla Roxb., naked name (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–40 mm. Alt 800–1400 m. Cynanchum acuminatum Thunb. (2)
NC, WC Cynanchum capense L.f. (2)
Cynoctonum capense (L.f.) E.Mey. (2)
articulata (Aiton) Haw. subsp. borealis Bruyns P. microphylla (Roth) Wall. (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–40 mm. Alt 600–1300 m. Vincetoxicum capense (L.f.) Kuntze (2)
NC microphylla (Roth) Wall. = P. capensis
articulata (Aiton) Haw. subsp. namaquensis (N.E.Br.)
Bruyns PENTOPETIA Decne. 6744000
P. articulata (Aiton) Haw. var. namaquensis N.E.Br. (1) natalensis Schltr. = Ischnolepis natalensis
NC PERGULARIA L. 6917000
articulata (Aiton) Haw. var. namaquensis N.E.Br. = P. (1) Dyer. 1951. The Flowering Plants of Africa 28: t. 1119.
(2) Huber. 1967. FSWA 114: 48, 49.
articulata subsp. namaquensis
asperiflora N.E.Br. = P. articulata subsp. asperiflora daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. daemia
Asclepias daemia Forssk. (1)
breviloba R.A.Dyer = Stapeliopsis breviloba Daemia extensa R.Br. (2)
exasperata Bruyns = Stapeliopsis exasperata P. daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. macrantha Chiov. (1)
P. extensa N.E.Br. (2)
longipes (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. longipes Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–6 m. Alt up to 1200 m. N, B
Caralluma longipes N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 15–100 mm. Alt 1000–1450 daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. leiocarpa (K.Schum.)
m. NC, WC H.Huber
P. garipensis (E.Mey.) N.E.Br. (1)
longipes (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. villetii (C.A.Lückh.) Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–6 m. Alt ?–1200 m. N, NC
Bruyns
Caralluma longipes N.E.Br. var. villetii C.A.Lückh. (1) daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. var. macrantha Chiov. = P.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 15–100 mm. Alt 800–950 m. daemia var. daemia
NC extensa N.E.Br. = P. daemia var. daemia
maughanii (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns garipensis (E.Mey.) N.E.Br. = P. daemia var. leiocarpa
Caralluma maughani R.A.Dyer (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 15–100 mm. Alt 600–1000 PERIGLOSSUM Decne. 6783010
m. NC (1) Brown. 1909. FC 4: 315–418.
(2) Dyer. 1942. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 22: t. 844.
mirkinii Pillans = Ophionella arcuata subsp. mirkinii (3) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe
pillansii N.E.Br. = Stapeliopsis pillansii Asclepiadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis.
University of Durban-Westville, Durban.
saxatilis N.E.Br. = Stapeliopsis saxatilis
angustifolium Decne.
stayneri M.B.Bayer = Stapeliopsis stayneri Cordylogyne argillicola Dinter (3)
tulipiflora C.A.Lückh. = Stapeliopsis saxatilis Cordylogyne globosa in sense of Meisn. (1)
PENTARRHINUM E.Mey. 6810000 2000 m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
(2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 114: 47, 48. kassnerianum Schltr. = P. mackenii
(3) Liede & Nicholas. 1992. Kew Bulletin 47: 475–490. mackenii Harv.
(4) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe Ascle- Cordylogyne kassnerianum (Schltr.) Eyles (3)
piadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis. Uni- Cordylogyne mossambicense (Schltr.) Eyles (3)
versity of Durban-Westville, Durban. P. kassnerianum Schltr. (3)
P. mossambicense Schltr. (3)
abyssinicum Decne. subsp. abyssinicum
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt 380–1000 m. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 3–
N, M, S 1500 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L,
EC
abyssinicum Decne. subsp. angolense (N.E.Br.) Liede
& Nicholas macrum (E.Mey.) Decne. = Sisyranthus macer
P. abyssinicum Decne. var. angolense N.E.Br. (3) mossambicense Schltr. = P. mackenii
P. insipidum in sense of Bullock, misapplied name (3)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt ± 1000 m. N PETOPENTIA Bullock 6730020
abyssinicum Decne. var. angolense N.E.Br. = P. abys- natalensis (Schltr.) Bullock = Ischnolepis natalensis
sinicum subsp. angolense
insipidum E.Mey. PIARANTHUS R.Br. 6881000
(1) Bayer. 1976. Bulletin of the African Succulent Plant Society 11:
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt (5–)600–1700 38–41.
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, (2) Meve. 1994. Bradleya 12: 57–102.
EC (3) Bruyns. 1999. Systematic Botany 24: 379–397.
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Pectinaria

atrosanguineus (N.E.Br.) Bruyns pallidus C.A.Lückh. = P. decorus subsp. cornutus

Caralluma atrosanguinea (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
Huerniopsis atrosanguinea (N.E.Br.) A.C.White & B.Sloane (3) parvulus N.E.Br.
Huerniopsis gibbosa Nel in A.C.White & B.Sloane (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–50 mm. Alt 500–1000 m.
Huerniopsis papillata Nel in A.C.White & B.Sloane (3) WC
Stapelia atrosanguinea N.E.Br. (3)
pillansii N.E.Br. var. inconstans N.E.Br. = P. geminatus
var. geminatus
B, LIM, NW
pillansii N.E.Br. var. pillansii = P. geminatus var. gemi-
barrydalensis Meve = P. geminatus
natus
comptus N.E.Br.
P. comptus N.E.Br. var. ciliatus N.E.Br. (2) pulcher N.E.Br. = P. decorus subsp. cornutus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–40 mm. Alt 500–1200 m. punctatus (Masson) R.Br.
NC, WC Stapelia punctata Masson (2)
comptus N.E.Br. var. ciliatus N.E.Br. = P. comptus WC, NC
cornutus N.E.Br. = P. decorus subsp. cornutus ruschii Nel = P. decorus subsp. cornutus
cornutus N.E.Br. var. grandis N.E.Br. = P. decorus streyianus Nel = Orbea maculata subsp. rangeana
subsp. cornutus
decipiens (N.E.Br.) Bruyns QUAQUA N.E.Br. 6884010
Huerniopsis decipiens N.E.Br. (3) (1) Bruyns. 1999. Botanische Jahrbücher 121: 311–402.
P. grivanus N.E.Br. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–40 mm. Alt 900–1600 m. acutiloba (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
Caralluma acutiloba N.E.Br. (1)
N, B, NW, FS, NC Caralluma ortholoba Lavranos (1)
decorus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. cornutus (N.E.Br.) Caralluma wilfriedii Dinter, naked name (1)
Meve Perennial. Succulent. Ht 40–150 mm. Alt 350–1600
P. cornutus N.E.Br. (2) m. N, NC, WC
P. cornutus N.E.Br. var. grandis N.E.Br. (2)
P. mennellii C.A.Lückh. (2) arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. arenicola
P. nebrownii Dinter (2) Caralluma arenicola N.E.Br. (1)
P. pallidus C.A.Lückh. (2) Q. armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. arenicola Bruyns (1)
P. pulcher N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 50–150 mm. Alt 900–
P. ruschii Nel (2) 1500 m. WC, NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–50 mm. Alt 500–1600 m. arenicola (N.E.Br.) Plowes subsp. pilifera (Bruyns)
N, FS, NC Bruyns
decorus (Masson) N.E.Br. subsp. decorus Q. armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. pilifera Bruyns (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–50 mm. Alt 400–1400 m. Q. pilifera (Bruyns) Plowes (1)
NC, WC Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 50–150 mm. Alt 1200–
1500 m. NC
disparilis N.E.Br. = P. geminatus var. geminatus
arida (N.E.Br.) Plowes (insufficiently known)
disparilis N.E.Br. var. immaculata C.A.Lückh. = P.
geminatus var. geminatus armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. arenicola Bruyns = Q.
arenicola subsp. arenicola
foetidus N.E.Br. = P. geminatus var. foetidus
armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. armata
framesii Pillans Caralluma armata N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–50 mm. Alt 500–1200 m. Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 50–200 mm. Alt 50–
NC, WC 600 m. NC, WC
geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. var. foetidus (N.E.Br.) armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. maritima Bruyns
Meve Q. maritima (Bruyns) Plowes (1)
P. foetidus N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 50–200 mm. Alt 10–150 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–50 mm. Alt 150–1200 m. NC
NC, EC
armata (N.E.Br.) Bruyns subsp. pilifera Bruyns = Q.
geminatus (Masson) N.E.Br. var. geminatus arenicola subsp. pilifera
P. barrydalensis Meve (3)
P. disparilis N.E.Br. (2) aurea (C.A.Lückh.) Plowes
P. disparilis N.E.Br. var. immaculata C.A.Lückh. (2) Caralluma aurea C.A.Lückh. (1)
P. globosus A.C.White & B.Sloane (2) Q. incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. aurea (C.A.Lückh.) Bruyns (1)
P. pillansii N.E.Br. var. inconstans N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 50–150 mm. Alt 300–900 m.
P. pillansii N.E.Br. var. pillansii (2) NC, WC
Stapelia geminata Masson (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–50 mm. Alt 250–1000 m. bayeriana (Bruyns) Plowes
Q. parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. bayeriana Bruyns (1)
WC
globosus A.C.White & B.Sloane = P. geminatus var. NC
geminatus
cincta (C.A.Lückh.) Bruyns
grivanus N.E.Br. = P. decipiens Caralluma cincta C.A.Lückh. (1)
Q. inversa (N.E.Br.) Bruyns var. cincta (C.A.Lückh.) Bruyns (1)
mennellii C.A.Lückh. = P. decorus subsp. cornutus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 50–250 mm. Alt 450–1100
nebrownii Dinter = P. decorus subsp. cornutus m. NC, WC
APOCYNACEAE Piaranthus DICOTYLEDONS

confusa Plowes = Q. parviflora subsp. confusa Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 50–200 mm. Alt 950–
dependens (N.E.Br.) Plowes = Q. parviflora subsp. 1200 m. NC, WC
dependens pallens Bruyns
framesii (Pillans) Bruyns Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.06–0.3 m. Alt 600–900 m.
Caralluma framesii Pillans (1) NC
Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 50–200 mm. Alt 75– parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. bayeriana Bruyns =
150 m. WC Q. bayeriana
gracilis (C.A.Lückh.) Plowes = Q. parviflora subsp. parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. confusa (Plowes)
gracilis Bruyns
hottentotorum N.E.Br. = Q. incarnata subsp. hottento- Q. confusa Plowes (1)
torum Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.06–0.3 m. Alt 150–650 m.
incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. aurea (C.A.Lückh.) Bruyns NC, WC
= Q. aurea parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. dependens (N.E.Br.)
incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. hottentotorum (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
Caralluma dependens N.E.Br. (1)
Bruyns Caralluma reflexa C.A.Lückh. (1)
Caralluma ausana Dinter & A.Berger (1)
Q. dependens (N.E.Br.) Plowes (1)
Caralluma hottentotorum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (1)
Q. hottentotorum N.E.Br. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.06–0.3 m. Alt 100–600 m.
Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 50–300 mm. Alt 100– WC
1100 m. N, NC parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. gracilis (C.A.Lückh.)
incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. incarnata Bruyns
Boucerosia incarnata (L.f.) N.E.Br. (1) Caralluma ericeta Nel (1)
Caralluma incarnata (L.f.) N.E.Br. (1) Caralluma gracilis C.A.Lückh. (1)
Caralluma incarnata (L.f.) N.E.Br. var. alba (G.Don) N.E.Br. (1) Q. gracilis (C.A.Lückh.) Plowes (1)
Q. radiata Plowes (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.06–0.3 m. Alt 400–1000 m.
Stapelia incarnata L.f. (1) NC, WC
Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 50–300 mm. Alt 5–300 parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. parviflora
m. WC Caralluma parviflora (Masson) N.E.Br. (1)
incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. incarnata var. tentacula- Caralluma virescens C.A.Lückh. (1)
Stapelia parviflora Masson (1)
ta Bruyns = Q. incarnata subsp. tentaculata
incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. tentaculata (Bruyns) NC, WC
Bruyns
Q. incarnata (L.f.) Bruyns subsp. incarnata var. tentaculata Bruyns (1) parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. pulchra Bruyns = Q.
Q. tentaculata (Bruyns) Plowes (1) pulchra
Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 50–300 mm. Alt 100– parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. swanepoelii
600 m. NC, WC (Lavranos) Bruyns
Caralluma swanepoelii Lavranos (1)
inversa (N.E.Br.) Bruyns Q. swanepoelii (Lavranos) Plowes (1)
Caralluma inversa N.E.Br. (1)
Caralluma villetii C.A.Lückh. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.06–0.3 m. Alt 400–1000 m.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 50–250 mm. Alt 150– NC
350 m. NC, WC pilifera (Bruyns) Plowes = Q. arenicola subsp. pilifera
inversa (N.E.Br.) Bruyns var. cincta (C.A.Lückh.) pillansii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
Bruyns = Q. cincta Caralluma pillansii N.E.Br. (1)
linearis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 350–
Caralluma linearis N.E.Br. (1) 1100 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Succulent, shrublet. Ht 50–200 mm. Alt 900– pruinosa (Masson) Bruyns
1200 m. WC Caralluma pruinosa (Masson) N.E.Br (1)
Caralluma pruinosa (Masson) N.E.Br. var. nigra C.A.Lückh. (1)
mammillaris (L.) Bruyns Stapelia pruinosa Masson (1)
Boucerosia mammillaris (L.) N.E.Br. (1)
Tromotriche pruinosa (Masson) Haw. (1)
Caralluma mammillaris (L.) N.E.Br. (1)
Caralluma winkleriana (Dinter) A.C.White & B.Sloane (1) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 250–
Sarcophagophilus winklerianus Dinter (1) 1000 m. N, NC
Stapelia mammillaris L. (1)
Stapelia pulla Aiton (1) pulchra (Bruyns) Plowes
Q. parviflora (Masson) Bruyns subsp. pulchra Bruyns
Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 150–
1100 m. N, NC, WC
WC
maritima (Bruyns) Plowes = Q. armata subsp. maritima
radiata Plowes = Q. incarnata subsp. incarnata
marlothii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
Caralluma marlothii N.E.Br. (1) ramosa (Masson) Bruyns
Caralluma ramosa (Masson) N.E.Br. (1)
Caralluma marlothii N.E.Br. var. viridis E.Lamb. (1)
Stapelia ramosa Masson (1)
Caralluma simulans N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 50–200 mm. Alt 600–1400 Perennial. Succulent. Ht 60–300 mm. Alt 400–1000
m. NC, WC m. WC
multiflora (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns swanepoelii (Lavranos) Plowes = Q. parviflora subsp.
Caralluma multiflora R.A.Dyer (1) swanepoelii
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Quaqua

tentaculata (Bruyns) Plowes = Q. incarnata subsp. ten- monteiroae (Oliv.) N.E.Br.

taculata Chlorocyathus monteiroae Oliv. (1)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–8 m. Alt 5–600 m. N, LIM
RAPHIONACME Harv. 6747000 namibiana Venter & R.L.Verh.
(1) Brown. 1907. FC 4: 532–539. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1200–
(2) Dyer. 1942. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 22: t. 853. 1600 m. N
(3) Huber. 1967. FSWA 113: 5–7.
(4) Venter & Verhoeven. 1996. South African Journal of Botany obovata Turcz. = R. hirsuta
62,6: 316–320.
(5) Venter. In press. South African Journal of Botany.
palustris Venter & R.L.Verh.
burkei N.E.Br. = R. velutina m. KZN, EC
dinteri Schltr. ex Schinz = R. velutina procumbens Schltr.
divaricata Harv. = R. hirsuta Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 300–
1700 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
divaricata Harv. var. glabra N.E.Br. = R. hirsuta
pubescens (Hochst.) Hochst. = R. hirsuta
dyeri Retief & Venter
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, geophyte. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt purpurea Harv. = R. hirsuta
1000–1400 m. LIM, NW, FS scandens N.E.Br. = R. flanaganii
elata N.E.Br. = R. galpinii velutina Schltr.
R. burkei N.E.Br. (5)
elsana Venter & R.L.Verh. R. dinteri Schltr. ex Schinz (3)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt ± 100 Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 800–
m. KZN 1600 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, KZN, NC
flanaganii Schltr. zeyheri Harv.
R. scandens N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 100–
Perennial. Climber. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 10–1300 m. S, 610 m. EC
KZN, EC
galpinii Schltr. RAUVOLFIA L. 6619000
R. elata N.E.Br. (5) (1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 274–276.
R. macrorrhiza Schltr. (1) (2) De Kruif. 1985. FZ 7,2: 458–462.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 10–
caffra Sond.
2100 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC R. natalensis Sond. (1)
haeneliae Venter & R.L.Verh. Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–21 m. Alt 0–1400 m. LIM, NW,
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 600–700 G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
m. N natalensis Sond. = R. caffra
hirsuta (E.Mey.) R.A.Dyer ex E.Phillips
Apoxyanthera pubescens Hochst. (1) RHINOLOBIUM Arn. 6778050
Brachystelma hirsutum E.Mey. (2)
Mafekingia parquetiana Baill. (1) tenue Arn. = Aspidoglossum gracile
R. divaricata Harv. (2)
R. divaricata Harv. var. glabra N.E.Br. (2) RHOMBONEMA Schltr. 6816000
R. hirsuta (E.Mey.) R.A.Dyer ex E.Phillips var. glabra (N.E.Br.)
R.A.Dyer (7) luridum Schltr. = Parapodium costatum
R. obovata Turcz. (1)
R. pubescens (Hochst.) Hochst. (1) RHYSSOLOBIUM E.Mey. 6890000
R. purpurea Harv. (1) (1) Brown. 1907–1909. FC 4: 315–418.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 5–2200
m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC dumosum E.Mey.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.06–0.5 m. Alt 20–200 m. N,
hirsuta (E.Mey.) R.A.Dyer ex E.Phillips var. glabra NC
(N.E.Br.) R.A.Dyer = R. hirsuta
inconspicua H.Huber RIOCREUXIA Decne. 6875000
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 200– (1) Dyer. 1980. FSA 27: 83–88.
400 m. N, B aberrans R.A.Dyer
lanceolata Schinz Ceropegia brachysiphon H.Huber (1)
R. lanceolata Schinz var. latifolia N.E.Br. (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? M
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 900–1200 alexandrina (H.Huber) R.A.Dyer
m. N, B Ceropegia flanaganii (Schltr.) H.Huber var. alexandrina H.Huber (1)
lanceolata Schinz var. latifolia N.E.Br. = R. lanceolata R. flanaganii Schltr. subsp. alexandrina (H.Huber) R.A.Dyer (1)
Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt 10–300 m. KZN
lobulata Venter & R.L.Verh.
Perennial. Climber. Ht up to 10 m. Alt 20–100 m. EC bolusii N.E.Br.
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–3 m. Alt ± 600 m. EC
lucens Venter & R.L.Verh.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 5–20 m. burchellii K.Schum.
R. flanaganii Schltr. subsp. segregata R.A.Dyer (1)
KZN
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt? NW, M, S, FS,
macrorrhiza Schltr. = R. galpinii KZN, L, NC, EC
APOCYNACEAE Quaqua DICOTYLEDONS

flanaganii Schltr. (3) Hilliard. 1989. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Ceropegia flanaganii (Schltr.) H.Huber var. flanaganii (1) 45: 182, 183.
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 10–600 m. EC aciculare N.E.Br. = Stenostelma capense
flanaganii Schltr. subsp. alexandrina (H.Huber) R.A.Dyer addoense N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum gracile
= R. alexandrina
aemulum Schltr. = S. cordifolium
flanaganii Schltr. subsp. segregata R.A.Dyer = R. bur-
chellii alpestre Schumann (non-FSA)
flanaganii Schltr. subsp. woodii (N.E.Br.) R.A.Dyer = altissimum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum interruptum
R. woodii amatolicum Hilliard
picta Schltr. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 250–600 mm. Alt? EC
Ceropegia picta (Schltr.) H.Huber (1)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt? M, S, KZN, L anomalum N.E.Br. = Miraglossum anomalum
torulosa Decne. araneiferum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum araneiferum
R. torulosa Decne. var. longidens N.E.Br. (1) aschersonianum Schltr. var. aschersonianum
R. torulosa Decne. var. obsoleta N.E.Br. (1) Lagarinthus tenellus Turcz. (1)
R. torulosa Decne. var. tomentosa N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 500–? m. M, FS, 1980 m. WC, EC
KZN, L, EC
torulosa Decne. var. longidens N.E.Br. = R. torulosa aschersonianum Schltr. var. longipes N.E.Br.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 230–250 mm. Alt? EC
torulosa Decne. var. obsoleta N.E.Br. = R. torulosa
torulosa Decne. var. tomentosa N.E.Br. = R. torulosa aschersonianum Schltr. var. pygmaeum (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
S. pygmaeum Schltr. (1)
woodii N.E.Br. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 50–75(–150) mm. Alt
Ceropegia flanaganii (Schltr.) H.Huber var. fallax H.Huber (1)
R. flanaganii Schltr. subsp. woodii (N.E.Br.) R.A.Dyer (1) ?–765 m. EC
Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt? KZN aschersonianum Schltr. var. radiatum N.E.Br.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 75–300 mm. Alt? WC
SARCOPHAGOPHILUS Dinter 6884110 atropurpureum E.Mey. subsp. atropurpureum
winklerianus Dinter = Quaqua mammillaris Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 600–1300 mm. Alt 1200–
2040 m. G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
SARCOSTEMMA R.Br. 6849000
(1) Liede & Meve. 1993. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
atropurpureum E.Mey. subsp. tridentatum (Schltr.)
112: 1–15. Kupicha
(2) Meve & Liede. 1996. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society S. tridentatum Schltr. (2)
120: 21–38. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 160–550 mm. Alt 450–
aphyllum (L.) R.Br., superfluous name = S. viminale 1524 m. EC
subsp. viminale atropurpureum E.Mey. subsp. virens (E.Mey.) Kupicha
daltonii Decne. = S. viminale subsp. thunbergii S. euphorbioides E.Mey. (2)
S. oblongum Schltr. (2)
pearsonii N.E.Br. S. virens E.Mey. (2)
Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 800– Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–700 mm. Alt 30–
1950 m. N, NC 915 m. KZN, EC
thunbergii Don = S. viminale subsp. thunbergii
atropurpureum E.Mey. var. lineatum Schltr. = S. cordi-
viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. orangeanum Liede & Meve folium
Perennial. Succulent, shrub to sprawling. Ht 0.2–0.5
m. Length up to 1.5 m. Alt 600–1800 m. FS, NC atrorubens Schltr. = S. bidens subsp. atrorubens
viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. suberosum Meve & Liede auriculatum N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum glanduliferum
Perennial. Succulent, climber. Ht 0.5–10 m. Alt 600– barbatum Schltr., illegitimate name = Aspidoglossum
1000 m. LIM glabrescens
viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. thunbergii (Don) Liede & barberae Schltr. = Aspidoglossum interruptum
Meve
S. daltonii Decne. (2) baumii Schltr. ex N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum masaicum
S. thunbergii Don (2) biauriculatum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum delagoense
Perennial. Succulent, shrub to sprawling. Ht 0.2–1 m.
bidens E.Mey. subsp. atrorubens (Schltr.) Kupicha
Length up to 2.5 m. Alt 100–1200 m. N, NC, Lagarinthus atrorubens (Schltr.) Bullock (2)
WC, EC S. atrorubens Schltr. (2)
viminale (L.) R.Br. subsp. viminale Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 210–650(–700) mm.
Asclepias aphylla Thunb. (2) Alt 1350–2220 m. G, KZN, WC?, EC
Cynanchum aphyllum (Thunb.) Schltr. (2)
S. aphyllum (L.) R.Br., superfluous name (2) bidens E.Mey. subsp. bidens
S. truncatum Schltr. (2)
1500 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
2600 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
SCHIZOGLOSSUM E.Mey. 6778000 bidens E.Mey. subsp. galpinii (Schltr.) Kupicha
Lagarinthus galpinii (Schltr.) Bullock (2)
(1) Brown. 1907. FC 4: 588–662.
S. galpinii Schltr. (2)
(1b) Druce. 1917. The Botanical Exchange Club for the British Isles,
Suppl. 2: 645. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 300–660(–700) mm. Alt
(2) Kupicha. 1984. Kew Bulletin 38: 600–625, 669. 700–1700 m. M, S, L?
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Riocreuxia

bidens E.Mey. subsp. gracile Kupicha dissimile N.E.Br. var. dissimile = Aspidoglossum dis-
Lagarinthus diversus (N.E.Br.) Bullock (2) simile
S. diversum N.E.Br. (2)
S. umbellatum Schltr. (2) dissimile N.E.Br. var. pubiflorum N.E.Br. = Aspidoglos-
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 300–800 mm. Alt 45– sum dissimile
365 m. EC divaricatum N.E.Br. = S. cordifolium
bidens E.Mey. subsp. hirtum Kupicha diversum N.E.Br. = S. bidens subsp. gracile
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht ± 300 mm. Alt 1050– dregei N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum gracile
1500 m. KZN, EC
elingue N.E.Br. subsp. elingue
bidens E.Mey. subsp. pachyglossum (Schltr.) Kupicha Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–280(–650) mm. Alt
S. pachyglossum Schltr. var. abbreviatum N.E.Br. (2)
S. pachyglossum Schltr. var. pachyglossum (2) 1950–2700 m. KZN
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 200–2500 mm. Alt 300– elingue N.E.Br. subsp. purpureum Kupicha
2500 m. M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–300 mm. Alt 2300–
bidens E.Mey. subsp. productum (N.E.Br.) Kupicha 2700 m. KZN, L, EC
S. pachyglossum Schltr. var. productum N.E.Br. (2) euphorbioides E.Mey. = S. atropurpureum subsp. virens
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht (190–)300–520 mm. Alt
eustegioides (E.Mey.) Druce
1230–1981 m. LIM, M, KZN? Asclepias eustegioides (E.Mey.) Schltr. (1b)
biflorum (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Aspidoglossum biflorum Gomphocarpus eustegioides (E.Mey.) Decne. (1b)
Lagarinthus eustegioides E.Mey. (1b)
biflorum (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. concinnum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 25−380 mm. Alt ?–
= Aspidoglossum biflorum 1525 m. G, FS, NC, EC
biflorum (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. integrum N.E.Br. = Aspi- excisum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum biflorum
doglossum biflorum
exile (Decne.) Schltr. = Aspidoglossum gracile
bilamellatum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum lamellatum
fasciculare (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Aspidoglossum fascicu-
bilamellatum Schltr. var. cordylogynoides Schltr. = Aspi- lare
doglossum lamellatum
filifolium Schltr. = Aspidoglossum gracile
bolusii Schltr. = Aspidoglossum gracile
filipes Schltr. = Aspidoglossum gracile
bowkerae N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum gracile
flanaganii Schltr. = Aspidoglossum flanaganii
buchananii N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum gracile
flavum Schltr.
burchellii N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum gracile S. flavum Schltr. var. lineare N.E.Br. (2)
capense (Schltr.) H.Huber = Stenostelma capense Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 700–300 mm. Alt (60–)
capitatum Schltr. = Asclepias dissona 915–2250 m. KZN, EC
carinatum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum carinatum flavum Schltr. var. lineare N.E.Br. = S. flavum
ciliatum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum fasciculare galpinii Schltr. = S. bidens subsp. galpinii
commixtum N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum glanduliferum garcianum Schltr.
conrathii Schltr. = Aspidoglossum biflorum
consimile N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum heterophyllum
gerrardii (Harv.) Benth. & Hook.f. = Pachycarpus
contracurvum N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum ovalifolium campanulatus var. sutherlandii
cordifolium E.Mey. glabrescens Schltr. = Aspidoglossum glabrescens
S. aemulum Schltr. (2)
S. atropurpureum E.Mey. var. lineatum Schltr. (2) glabrescens Schltr. var. longirostre (Schltr.) N.E.Br. =
S. cordifolium E.Mey. var. centralis N.E.Br. (2) Aspidoglossum glabrescens
S. divaricatum N.E.Br. (2)
S. hirsutum Turcz. (2) glanduliferum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum glanduliferum
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–600 mm. Alt 5– grandiflorum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum grandiflorum
1830 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC guthriei Schltr. = Aspidoglossum gracile
cordifolium E.Mey. var. centralis N.E.Br. = S. cordi- hamatum E.Mey.
folium S. hamatum E.Mey. var. elegans N.E.Br. (2)
S. hamatum E.Mey. var. pallidum N.E.Br. (2)
corniculatum (E.Mey.) R.A.Dyer = Stenostelma cor-
niculatum Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 250–600 mm. Alt 365–
2200 m. KZN, EC
crassipes S.Moore
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 35–380 mm. Alt ± 1000 hamatum E.Mey. var. elegans N.E.Br. = S. hamatum
m. FS, KZN, EC hamatum E.Mey. var. pallidum N.E.Br. = S. hamatum
davyi N.E.Br. = Miraglossum davyi harveyi N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum heterophyllum
decipiens N.E.Br. = S. stenoglossum subsp. flavum heterophyllum (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. heterophyllum = Aspi-
decipiens N.E.Br. var. flavum N.E.Br. = S. stenoglos- doglossum heterophyllum
sum subsp. flavum heterophyllum (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. majus N.E.Br. = Aspi-
delagoense Schltr. = Aspidoglossum delagoense doglossum heterophyllum
APOCYNACEAE Schizoglossum DICOTYLEDONS

heterophyllum (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. schinzianum peglerae N.E.Br.

N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum heterophyllum Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 80–200 mm. Alt 30–
hilliardiae Kupicha 600 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 90–340 mm. Alt 1800– periglossoides Schltr.
2700 m. KZN, EC Perennial Geophytic herb. Ht 220–500 mm. Alt 1200–
hirsutum Turcz. = S. cordifolium 1800 m. LIM, NW, G, M, KZN
hirtiflorum N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum glabrescens pilosum Schltr. = Miraglossum pilosum
huttoniae S.Moore = Sisyranthus huttoniae propinquum S.Moore = Aspidoglossum lamellatum
ingomense N.E.Br. pulchellum Schltr. = Miraglossum pulchellum
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 600–900 mm. Alt 1200– pumilum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum ovalifolium
1500 m. KZN pygmaeum Schltr. = S. aschersonianum var. pyg-
interruptum (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Aspidoglossum inter- maeum
ruptum quadridens N.E.Br.
lamellatum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum lamellatum Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–150 mm. Alt ± 1850
linifolium Schltr. var. centrirostratum N.E.Br. m. KZN
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 300–750 mm. Alt ?–516 randii S.Moore = Aspidoglossum restioides
m. EC restioides Schltr. = Aspidoglossum restioides
linifolium Schltr. var. linifolium robustum Schltr. var. inandense N.E.Br. = Aspido-
Asclepias filiformis L.f., not of (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f. (1)
Asclepias pachystephana Schltr. (1)
glossum ovalifolium
Asclepias tenuis (E.Mey.) Schltr. (1) robustum Schltr. var. pubiflorum N.E.Br. in part = Aspido-
Gomphocarpus pachystephanus (Schltr.) Schltr. (1) glossum ovalifolium
Gomphocarpus tenuis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (1)
Lagarinthus tenuis E.Mey. (1) robustum Schltr. var. pubiflorum N.E.Br. in part = Aspido-
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 300–750 mm. Alt 60– glossum validum
2045 m. FS, KZN, L, WC, EC robustum Schltr. var. robustum = Aspidoglossum ovali-
longirostre Schltr. = Aspidoglossum glabrescens folium
loreum S.Moore = Aspidoglossum glabrescens rubiginosum Hilliard
lunatum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum gracile Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht ± 600 mm. Alt ± 900 m.
KZN
macowanii N.E.Br. var. macowanii = Aspidoglossum
grandiflorum saccatum Bruyns
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 70–200 mm. Alt ± 1400
macowanii N.E.Br. var. tugelense N.E.Br. = Aspido- m. N
glossum grandiflorum
schinzianum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum heterophyllum
masaicum N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum masaicum
schlechteri N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum glabrescens
montanum R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 50–120 mm. Alt ?–2835 singulare Kupicha
m. FS, KZN, L? Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht ± 90 mm. Alt ± 2100 m.
KZN
monticola Schltr. = Aspidoglossum gracile
stenoglossum Schltr. subsp. flavum (N.E.Br.) Kupicha
nitidum Schltr. S. decipiens N.E.Br. (2)
S. wallacei Schltr. (2) S. decipiens N.E.Br. var. flavum N.E.Br. (2)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 70–300 mm. Alt 1200– Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 180–500 mm. Alt 1500–
1950 m. G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC 2100 m. KZN
oblongum Schltr. = S. atropurpureum var. virens stenoglossum Schltr. subsp. latifolium Kupicha
ovalifolium Schltr. = Aspidoglossum ovalifolium Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–510 mm. Alt 1050–
pachyglossum Schltr. var. abbreviatum N.E.Br. = S. 2700 m. M, FS, KZN
bidens subsp. pachyglossum stenoglossum Schltr. subsp. stenoglossum
S. stenoglossum Schltr. var. longipes Schltr. (2)
pachyglossum Schltr. var. pachyglossum = S. bidens Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 250–450 mm. Alt 300–
subsp. pachyglossum 1500 m. KZN, EC
pachyglossum Schltr. var. productum N.E.Br. = S. stenoglossum Schltr. var. longipes Schltr. = S. steno-
bidens subsp. productum glossum Schltr. var. stenoglossum
pallidum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum restioides striatum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum ovalifolium
parcum N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum gracile strictum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum biflorum
parile N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum glanduliferum tenue (Arn.) Druce = Aspidoglossum gracile
parvulum Schltr. var. parvulum = Aspidoglossum gracile tenuissimum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum glabrescens
parvulum Schltr. var. sessile N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum tomentosum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum gracile
gracile tricuspidatum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum carinatum
pedunculatum Schltr. = Asclepias aurea tridens N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum glabrescens
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Schizoglossum

tridentatum Schltr. = S. atropurpureum subsp. triden- Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 350–540 mm. Alt ± 900
tatum m. KZN
truncatum Schltr. = S. bidens subsp. bidens barbatus (Turcz.) N.E.Br.
Lagarinthus barbatus Turcz. (1)
tubulosum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum biflorum S. imberbis E.Mey. var. barbatus (Turcz.) Schltr. (1)
umbellatum Schltr. = S. bidens subsp. gracile Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 300–500 mm. Alt 1200–
1600 m. KZN, EC
umbelluliferum Schltr. = Xysmalobium involucratum
compactus N.E.Br.
uncinatum N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum uncinatum Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–360 mm. Alt ± 30
unicum N.E.Br. = Aspidoglossum glabrescens m. KZN, EC
venustum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum biflorum expansum Schltr. = S. trichostomus
venustum Schltr. var. concinnum Schltr. = Aspido- fanniniae N.E.Br.
glossum biflorum Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 400–600 mm. Alt ± 230
m. KZN
verticillare Schltr. = Miraglossum verticillare
franksiae N.E.Br.
villosum Schltr. = Aspidoglossum heterophyllum Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 250–750 mm. Alt 30–
virens E.Mey. = S. atropurpureum subsp. virens 850 m. KZN
virgatum (E.Mey.) Schltr. = Aspidoglossum virgatum huttoniae (S.Moore) S.Moore
Schizoglossum huttoniae S.Moore (1)
wallacei Schltr. = S. nitidum Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 300–410 mm. Alt 400–
woodii Schltr. = Aspidoglossum woodii 1750 m. M, S, KZN
imberbis E.Mey. var. barbatus (Turcz.) Schltr. = S. bar-
SCHIZOSTEPHANUS Hochst. 6836000 batus
alatus Hochst. ex K.Schum. = Cynanchum validum imberbis Harv.
SECAMONE R.Br. 6860000 1830 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
(1) Goyder. 1992. Kew Bulletin 47: 437–474.
macer (E.Mey.) Schltr.
alpini Schult. Gomphocarpus macer (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (1)
Periploca secamone L. (1) Lagarinthus macer E.Mey. (1)
S. thunbergii E.Mey. (1) Periglossum macrum (E.Mey.) Decne. (1)
S. thunbergii E.Mey. var. retusa E.Mey. (1) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 180–600 mm. Alt? EC
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 5–2400 m. LIM,
NW, M, S, KZN, WC, EC randii S.Moore
S. randii S.Moore var. abbreviatus S.Moore (1)
delagoensis Schltr. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 450–760 mm. Alt 825–
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 10–100 m. KZN 2000 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
emetica (Retz.) R.Br. ex Schult. var. glabra K.Schum. = randii S.Moore var. abbreviatus S.Moore = S. randii
S. parvifolia rotatus Schltr. = S. trichostomus
filiformis (L.f.) J.H.Ross saundersiae N.E.Br.
Astephanus frutescens E.Mey. (1)
Celastrus filiformis L.f. (1) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 450–760 mm. Alt 15–
S. frutescens (E.Mey.) Decne. (1) 1700 m. KZN
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 10–1500 m. LIM, schizoglossoides N.E.Br. = Brachystelma schizoglos-
NW, M, S, EC, KZN soides
frutescens (E.Mey.) Decne. = S. filiformis trichostomus K.Schum.
gerrardii Harv. ex Benth. S. expansum Schltr. (1)
S. rotatus Schltr. (1)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 5–1800 m. LIM, M, S. virgatus E.Mey. var. trichostomus (K.Schum.) Harv. (1)
S, KZN, EC Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 350–800 mm. Alt 750–
parvifolia (Oliv.) Bullock 1700 m. KZN, EC
Gymnema parvifolium Oliv. (1)
S. emetica (Retz.) R.Br. ex Schult. var. glabra K.Schum. (1) virgatus E.Mey.
Brachystelma virgatum Dieter. (1)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 0–1500 m. B, LIM,
NW, S, KZN Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 450–760 mm. Alt 30–
1500 m. S, KZN, EC
punctulata Decne.
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt ± 1200 m. N virgatus E.Mey. var. trichostomus (K.Schum.) Harv. =
S. trichostomus
thunbergii E.Mey. = S. alpini
thunbergii E.Mey. var. retusa E.Mey. = S. alpini
SPHAEROCODON Benth. 6896000
SISYRANTHUS E.Mey. 6861000 (1) Brown. 1903. FTA 4: 412.
(1) Brown. 1908. FC 4,1: 786–794.
(2) Brown. 1909. Kew Bulletin 1909: 419, 420.
melananthus N.E.Br.
Gymnema melananthum (N.E.Br.) K.Schum. ex Schltr. (1)
anceps Schltr. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt ± 1200 m. N
APOCYNACEAE Schizoglossum DICOTYLEDONS

natalense (Meisn.) Hook.f. ciliata Thunb. = Orbea ciliata

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 300–1200 m. LIM, cincta Marloth = Tridentea jucunda
NW, G, M, S, KZN
clavicorona I.Verd.
STAPELIA L. 6885000 Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 900–
(1) Leach. 1985. Excelsa Taxonomic Series 3: 1–157. 1200 m. LIM
acuminata Masson compacta Schult. = Duvalia caespitosa var. compacta
S. acuminata Masson var. brevicuspis N.E.Br. (1) concinna Masson (insufficiently known).
S. indocta Nel (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 200–900 m. concinna Masson var. paniculata (Willd.) N.E.Br. = S.
NC, WC paniculata
acuminata Masson var. brevicuspis N.E.Br. = S. acumi- conformis N.E.Br. = S. macowanii var. conformis
nata conformis N.E.Br. var. abrasa N.E.Br. = S. macowanii
affinis N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta var. conformis
albipilosa Giess = Tridentea marientalensis subsp. conformis N.E.Br. var. conformis = S. macowanii var.
albipilosa conformis
albocastanea Marloth = Orbea albocastanea cooperi N.E.Br. = Orbea cooperi
ambigua Masson var. ambigua = S. grandiflora corderoyi Hook.f. = Duvalia corderoyi
ambigua Masson var. fulva Sweet = S. grandiflora cyclista C.A.Lückh. = S. gigantea
aperta Masson = Tromotriche aperta desmetiana N.E.Br. = S. grandiflora
arenosa C.A.Lückh. desmetiana N.E.Br. var. apicalis N.E.Br. = S. grandi-
S. beukmanii C.A.Lückh., illegitimate name (1)
S. stultitioides C.A.Lückh. (1) flora
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 700–1200 desmetiana N.E.Br. var. desmetiana = S. grandiflora
m. NC, WC desmetiana N.E.Br. var. fergusoniae R.A.Dyer = S. gran-
articulata Aiton = Pectinaria articulata subsp. articu- diflora
lata desmetiana N.E.Br. var. pallida N.E.Br. = S. grandiflora
asterias Masson dinteri A.Berger = Tridentea jucunda
S. asterias Masson var. gibba N.E.Br. (1)
S. asterias Masson var. lucida (DC.) N.E.Br. (1) divaricata Masson
S. lucida DC. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 100–200 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt? NC, WC, EC WC
asterias Masson var. gibba N.E.Br. = S. asterias dwequensis C.A.Lückh. = Tridentea dwequensis
asterias Masson var. lucida (DC.) N.E.Br. = S. asterias elegans Masson = Duvalia elegans
atrosanguinea N.E.Br. = Piaranthus atrosanguineus engleriana Schltr.
Tromotriche engleriana (Schltr.) L.C.Leach (2)
auobensis Nel = Tridentea marientalensis subsp.
marientalensis Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 300–1200
m. NC, WC
aurea Dinter = Tridentea virescens
erectiflora N.E.Br. var. erectiflora
ausana Dinter & A.Berger ex Dinter = Tridentea Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 400–800 m.
jucunda WC
barbata Masson = Huernia barbata
erectiflora N.E.Br. var. prostratiflora L.C.Leach
barklyi N.E.Br. = Orbea namaquensis × Stapelia hir- Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 150–300 m.
suta WC
baylissii L.C.Leach fissirostris Jacq. = S. rufa
EC flavirostris N.E.Br. = S. grandiflora
bergeriana Dinter = S. schinzii var. bergeriana flavopurpurea Marloth
S. fleckii A.Berger & Schltr. (1)
beukmanii C.A.Lückh., illegitimate name = S. arenosa Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 800–1600 m.
cactiformis Hook. = Larryleachia cactiformis N, NC
caespitosa Masson var. caespitosa = Duvalia caespi- fleckii A.Berger & Schltr. = S. flavopurpurea
tosa var. caespitosa forcipis E.Phillips & Letty = S. glabricaulis
caespitosa Masson var. hirtella (Jacq.) Loud. = Duvalia fucosa N.E.Br. = Orbea verrucosa
caespitosa var. caespitosa
furcata N.E.Br. = Orbea melanantha
campanulata Masson = Huernia barbata
gariepensis Pillans
cedrimontana Frandsen S. johni-lavrani Halda (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt up to 1000 Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 50–700 m. N,
m. WC NC
choanantha (Lavranos & H.Hall) R.A.Dyer = geminata Masson = Piaranthus geminatus var. gemi-
Tromotriche choanantha natus
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Sphaerocodon

gemmiflora Masson = Tridentea gemmiflora S. lanifera Haw. (1)

S. margarita B.Sloane (1)
gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = S. patentirostris N.E.Br. (1)
Tridentea gemmiflora S. patula Willd. (1)
S. patula Willd. var. depressa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. (1)
gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. = S. patula Willd. var. longirostris N.E.Br. (1)
Tridentea gemmiflora S. unguipetala N.E.Br. (1)
gettliffei R.Pott S. villosa N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Sprawling succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 400– Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 200–1300
1100 m. B, LIM, M m. NC, WC, EC
gigantea N.E.Br. hirsuta L. var. affinis (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta
S. cyclista C.A.Lückh. (1) hirsuta L. var. comata (Jacq.) N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta
S. gigantea N.E.Br. var. pallida E.Phillips (1)
S. marlothii N.E.Br. (1) hirsuta L. var. depressa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta
S. nobilis N.E.Br. (1) hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta
S. youngii N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 50–1200 m. hirsuta L. var. longirostris (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta
LIM, NW, M, S, KZN hirsuta L. var. lutea N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta
gigantea N.E.Br. var. pallida E.Phillips = S. gigantea hirsuta L. var. patula (Willd.) N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta
glabricaulis N.E.Br. hirsuta L. var. unguipetala (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta
S. forcipis E.Phillips & Letty (1)
hirtella Jacq. = Duvalia caespitosa var. caespitosa
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt up to 700
m. EC hispidula Hornem. = S. glanduliflora
glanduliflora Masson humilis Masson = Huernia humilis
S. hispidula Hornem. (1) hystrix Hook.f. = Huernia hystrix var. hystrix
S. glanduliflora Masson var. emarginata N.E.Br. (1)
S. glanduliflora Masson var. haworthii A.Berger (1) immelmaniae Pillans
S. glanduliflora Masson var. massonii A.Berger (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt up to 1000 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 100–300 m. WC
WC incarnata L.f. = Quaqua incarnata subsp. incarnata
glanduliflora Masson var. emarginata N.E.Br. = S. glan- indocta Nel = S. acuminata
duliflora intermedia N.E.Br. = Caralluma intermedia
glanduliflora Masson var. haworthii A.Berger = S. glan- irrorata Masson = Orbea verrucosa
duliflora johni-lavrani Halda = S. gariepensis
glanduliflora Masson var. massonii A.Berger = S. glan- jucunda N.E.Br. = Tridentea jucunda
duliflora
jucunda N.E.Br. var. deficiens N.E.Br. = Tridentea
grandiflora Masson jucunda
S. ambigua Masson var. ambigua (1)
S. ambigua Masson var. fulva Sweet (1) juttae Dinter = S. similis
S. desmetiana N.E.Br. (1) knobelii E.Phillips = Orbea knobelii
S. desmetiana N.E.Br. var. apicalis N.E.Br. (1)
S. desmetiana N.E.Br. var. desmetiana (1) kougabergensis L.C.Leach
S. desmetiana N.E.Br. var. fergusoniae R.A.Dyer (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 500–900 m.
S. desmetiana N.E.Br. var. pallida N.E.Br. (1) EC
S. flavirostris N.E.Br. (1)
S. grandiflora Masson var. lineata N.E.Br. (1) kwebensis N.E.Br.
S. obscura N.E.Br. (1) S. kwebensis N.E.Br. var. longipedicellata A.Berger (1)
S. senilis N.E.Br. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 600–1900 m.
S. spectabilis Haw. (1) N, B, LIM
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 500–1800 m. kwebensis N.E.Br. var. longipedicellata A.Berger = S.
FS, L, NC, WC, EC kwebensis
grandiflora Masson var. lineata N.E.Br. = S. grandiflora lanifera Haw. = S. hirsuta
guttata Masson = Huernia guttata leendertziae N.E.Br.
S. wilmaniae C.A.Lückh. (1)
herrei Nel = Tromotriche herrei
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 600–1200
hircosa Jacq. = Tridentea gemmiflora m. G, M, S, KZN
hircosa Jacq. var. densa N.E.Br. = Tridentea gemmi- lepida Jacq. = Orbea variegata
flora
longidens N.E.Br. = Orbea longidens
hirsuta L.
S. affinis N.E.Br. (1) longii C.A.Lückh. = Tromotriche longii
S. hirsuta L. var. affinis (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (1) longipedicellata (A.Berger) L.C.Leach
S. hirsuta L. var. comata (Jacq.) N.E.Br. (1)
S. hirsuta L. var. depressa (Jacq). N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? N
S. hirsuta L. var. grata N.E.Br. (1) longipes C.A.Lückh. var. longipes = Tromotriche longi-
S. hirsuta L. var. longirostris (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (1) pes
S. hirsuta L. var. lutea N.E.Br. (1)
S. hirsuta L. var. patula (Willd.) N.E.Br. (1) longipes C.A.Lückh. var. namaquensis C.A.Lückh. =
S. hirsuta L. var. unguipetala (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (1) Tromotriche longipes
APOCYNACEAE Stapelia DICOTYLEDONS

lucida DC. = S. asterias patula Willd. var. longirostris N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta

macloughlinii I.Verd. = Orbea macloughlinii pearsonii N.E.Br.
macowanii N.E.Br. var. conformis (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 1300–2100
S. conformis N.E.Br. (1) m. N
S. conformis N.E.Br. var. abrasa N.E.Br. (1)
S. conformis N.E.Br. var. conformis (1)
peculiaris C.A.Lückh. = Tridentea peculiaris
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 500–1000 pedunculata Masson = Tromotriche pedunculata
m. EC peglerae N.E.Br.
macowanii N.E.Br. var. macowanii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt up to 900 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt ± 500 m. EC
EC pillansii N.E.Br. var. attenuata N.E.Br. = S. pillansii
mammillaris L. = Quaqua mammillaris var. pillansii
margarita B.Sloane = S. hirsuta pillansii N.E.Br. var. fontinalis Nel
marientalensis Nel = Tridentea marientalensis subsp. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt ± 1000 m.
marientalensis WC
marlothii N.E.Br. = S. gigantea pillansii N.E.Br. var. pillansii
S. pillansii N.E.Br. var. attenuata N.E.Br. (1)
mastodes Jacq. = Duvalia caespitosa var. compacta Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 800–1200
×meintjiesii I.Verd. m. WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? LIM portae-taurinae Dinter & A.Berger = S. similis
melanantha Schltr. = Orbea melanantha praetermissa L.C.Leach var. luteola L.C.Leach
miscella N.E.Br. = Orbea miscella Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt up to 600
m. EC
montana L.C.Leach var. grossa L.C.Leach
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt up to 500 m. praetermissa L.C.Leach var. praetermissa
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt up to 600
m. EC
montana L.C.Leach var. montana
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt up to 1000 pruinosa Masson = Quaqua pruinosa
m. WC pulchella Masson = Orbea pulchella
namaquensis N.E.Br. = Orbea namaquensis pulchra Schult. = Orbea verrucosa
neliana A.C.White & B.Sloane = Tromotriche herrei pulla Aiton = Quaqua mammillaris
noachabibensis C.A.Lückh. = S. similis pulvinata Masson
nobilis N.E.Br. = S. gigantea Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? NC
nouhuysii E.Phillips = S. paniculata punctata Masson = Piaranthus punctatus
nudiflora Pillans = S. vetula radiata Jacq. = Duvalia elegans
obducta L.C.Leach radiata Sims = Duvalia caespitosa var. caespitosa
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 800–1200 ramosa Masson = Quaqua ramosa
m. EC reclinata Masson = Duvalia caespitosa var. caespitosa
obscura N.E.Br. = S. grandiflora remota R.A.Dyer
ocellata Jacq. = Huernia guttata Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt ± 1200 m.
N
olivacea N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 900–1100 replicata Jacq. = Duvalia caespitosa var. caespitosa
m. FS, NC, WC, EC reticulata Masson = Huernia reticulata
pachyrrhiza Dinter = Tridentea pachyrrhiza revoluta Masson = Tromotriche revoluta
paniculata Willd. rogersii L.Bolus = Orbea rogersii
S. concinna Masson var. paniculata (Willd.) N.E.Br. (1)
S. nouhuysii E.Phillips (1) rubiginosa Nel
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 20–600 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 200–800 m.
WC NC
parviflora Masson = Quaqua parviflora subsp. parvi- rufa Masson
flora S. fissirostris Jacq. (1)
S. rufa Masson var. attenuata N.E.Br. (1)
parvipuncta N.E.Br. = Tridentea parvipuncta subsp. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 500–1200
parvipuncta m. NC, WC
parvipuncta N.E.Br. var. truncata C.A.Lückh. = rufa Masson var. attenuata N.E.Br. = S. rufa
Tridentea parvipuncta subsp. truncata
ruschiana Dinter = Tromotriche ruschiana
patentirostris N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta
schinzii A.Berger & Schltr. var. angolensis Kers
patula Willd. = S. hirsuta Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 1200–1650
patula Willd. var. depressa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta m. N
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Stapelia

schinzii A.Berger & Schltr. var. bergeriana (Dinter) STAPELIOPSIS Pillans 6885020
L.C.Leach (1) Bruyns. 1981. Cactus and Succulent Journal of Great Britain 43:
S. bergeriana Dinter (1) 61–83.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt ± 1300 m.
breviloba (R.A.Dyer) Bruyns
N Pectinaria breviloba R.A.Dyer (1)
schinzii A.Berger & Schltr. var. schinzii Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 10–50 mm. Alt 150–
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 800–2000 300 m. WC
m. N cooperi (N.E.Br.) E.Phillips, illegitimate name = Orbea
scitula L.C.Leach cooperi
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 400–600 m. exasperata (Bruyns) Bruyns
WC Pectinaria exasperata Bruyns (1)
senilis N.E.Br. = S. grandiflora Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 10–50 mm. Alt 800–
similis N.E.Br. 1200 m. NC, WC
S. juttae Dinter (1) neronis Pillans
S. noachabibensis C.A.Lückh. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 200–1200
S. portae-taurinae Dinter & A.Berger (1)
m. N, NC
m. N, NC pillansii (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
Pectinaria pillansii N.E.Br. (1)
spectabilis Haw. = S. grandiflora Perennial. Dwarf creeping succulent. Ht 20–30 mm.
stultitioides C.A.Lückh. = S. arenosa Alt 500–950 m. WC, EC
surrecta N.E.Br. saxatilis (N.E.Br.) Bruyns
S. surrecta N.E.Br. var. primosii C.A.Lückh. (1) Pectinaria saxatilis N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 500–1000 Pectinaria tulipiflora C.A.Lückh. (1)
m. WC Perennial. Dwarf creeping succulent. Ht 10–30 mm.
Alt 200–1000 m. NC, WC, EC
surrecta N.E.Br. var. primosii C.A.Lückh. = S. surrecta
stayneri (M.B.Bayer) Bruyns
tapscottii I.Verd. = Orbea tapscottii Pectinaria stayneri M.B.Bayer (1)
thudichumii Pillans = Tromotriche thudichumii Perennial. Dwarf creeping succulent. Ht 10–20 mm.
thuretii (F.Cels) Croucher = Huernia thuretii var. thuretii Alt 10–100 m. WC
tridentata (N.E.Br.) Rüst = Orbea namaquensis urniflora Lavranos
Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt 800–
tsomoensis N.E.Br.
1700 m. N, NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt? EC
umbonata Pillans = Tridentea pachyrrhiza STATHMOSTELMA K.Schum. 6793000
unguipetala N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta (1) Goyder. 1998. Kew Bulletin 53: 577–616.
unicornis C.A.Lückh. (2) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe
Asclepiadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 300–600 m. University of Durban-Westville, Durban.
S, KZN
crassinerve (N.E.Br.) Bullock = Asclepias crassinervis
vaga N.E.Br. = Orbea lutea subsp. vaga
fornicatum (N.E.Br.) Bullock subsp. fornicatum
variegata L. = Orbea variegata Asclepias fornicata N.E.Br. (1)
verrucosa Masson = Orbea verrucosa Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 700–
vetula Masson 1100(–2500) m. B
S. nudiflora Pillans (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 300–1000 STENOSTELMA Schltr. 6789000
m. WC (1) Kupicha. 1984. Kew Bulletin 38: 668.
(2) Bruyns. 1995. Bothalia 25: 155–172.
villetiae C.A.Lückh. (3) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 800–1100 Asclepiadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis.
m. NC University of Durban-Westville, Durban.
villosa N.E.Br. = S. hirsuta capense Schltr.
Gomphocarpus stenoglossus Schltr. (3)
virescens N.E.Br. = Tridentea virescens Krebsia stenoglossus (Schltr.) Schltr. (3)
wilmaniae C.A.Lückh. = S. leendertziae Schizoglossum aciculare N.E.Br. (3)
Schizoglossum capense (Schltr.) H.Huber (3)
woodii N.E.Br. = Orbea woodii
woodii N.E.Br. var. westii R.A.Dyer = Orbea woodii 1500 m. N, B, NW, G, M, FS, NC, EC
youngii N.E.Br. = S. gigantea corniculatum (E.Mey.) Bullock
Gomphocarpus corniculatus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (3)
STAPELIANTHUS Choux 6885040 Krebsia corniculata (E.Mey.) Schltr. (3)
Lagarinthus corniculatus E.Mey. (3)
baylissii L.C.Leach = Tromotriche baylissii Schizoglossum corniculatum (E.Mey.) R.A.Dyer (3)
choananthus (Lavranos & H.Hall) R.A.Dyer = Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–200 mm. Alt 400–
Tromotriche choanantha 1700 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
APOCYNACEAE Stapelia DICOTYLEDONS

eminens (Harv.) Bullock = Asclepias eminens ventricosa Hochst. ex A.DC.

Conopharyngia ventricosa (Hochst. ex A.DC.) Stapf (1)
STIGMATORHYNCHUS Schltr. 6911010 Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.2–12 m. Alt 0–850 m. LIM, M,
(1) Bruyns 1995. Bothalia 25: 155–172. KZN, EC
hereroensis Schltr. TACAZZEA Decne. 6730000
Perennial. Small shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 1000–1400 m.
(1) Brown. 1907. FC 4: 540, 541.
N (2) Bullock. 1955. Kew Bulletin 10: 349–373.
(3) Venter et al. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 93–112.
STOMATOSTEMMA N.E.Br. 6741000
apiculata Oliv.
(1) Brown. 1907. FC 4: 530, 531.
(2) Venter & Verhoeven. 1993. South African Journal of Botany 59: Perennial. Liana. Ht up to 20 m. Alt 0–2000 m. N, B,
50–56. LIM, M, S, KZN
monteiroae (Oliv.) N.E.Br. natalensis (Schltr.) N.E.Br. = Ischnolepis natalensis
Cryptolepis monteiroae Oliv. (1)
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht up to 10 m. Alt 20–1300 TAVARESIA Welw. 6880000
m. B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN (1) Leach. 1974. Kirkia 9: 349–358.
barklyi (T.-Dyer) N.E.Br.
STROPHANTHUS DC. 6688000 Decabelone barklyi T.-Dyer (1)
(1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 289–295. Decabelone grandiflora Dinter (1)
(2) Codd. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1561. T. grandiflora (Dinter) A.Berger (1)
(3) Retief. 1972. The Flowering Plants of Africa 42: t. 1658. T. grandiflora K.Schum. (1)
(4) Beentje. 1982. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 500–1200 m.
82-4: 1–191.
(5) Beentje. 1985. FZ 7,2: 468–480.
N, B, LIM, FS, NC
grandiflora (Dinter) A.Berger = T. barklyi
amboensis (Schinz) Engl. & Pax
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 900–1500 m. N grandiflora K.Schum. = T. barklyi
gerrardii Stapf meintjesii R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Climber. Ht 2–12 m. Alt 20–550 m. M, S, Decabelone meintjesii (R.A.Dyer) G.D.Rowley (1)
KZN Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? LIM
grandiflorus (N.E.Br.) Gilg = S. petersianus TELOSMA Coville 6917010
kombe Oliv. (1) Brown. 1908. FC 4: 775–777.
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 0–1200 m. N, africana (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
B, LIM Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–3 m. Alt? LIM, KZN
luteolus Codd
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 2–8 m. Alt 30–1020 m. TENARIS E.Mey. 6921000
LIM, KZN chlorantha Schltr. = Brachystelma chloranthum
petersianus Klotzsch christianeae (Peckover) J.E.Victor & Nicholas = Brachy-
S. grandiflorus (N.E.Br.) Gilg (1)
stelma christianeae
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 2–15 m. Alt 20–975 m.
LIM, KZN filifolia N.E.Br. = Brachystelma filifolium
speciosus (Ward & Harv.) Reber rostrata N.E.Br. = Brachystelma rubellum
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.9–12 m. Alt 50–1750 rubella E.Mey. = Brachystelma rubellum
m. LIM, M, KZN, EC schultzei (Schltr.) E.Phillips = Brachystelma schultzei
simulans N.E.Br. = Brachystelma rubellum
STULTITIA E.Phillips 6885010
volkensii K.Schum. = Brachystelma rubellum
conjuncta A.C.White & B.Sloane = Orbea conjunctus
cooperi (N.E.Br.) E.Phillips = Orbea cooperi TRACHYCALYMMA Bullock 6787020
hardyi R.A.Dyer = Orbea hardyi cucullatum (Schltr.) Bullock = Asclepias cucullata
miscella (N.E.Br.) C.A.Lückh. = Orbea miscella TRICHOCAULON N.E.Br. 6879000
paradoxa I.Verd. = Orbea paradoxa alstonii N.E.Br. = Hoodia alstonii
tapscottii (I.Verd.) E.Phillips = Orbea tapscottii annulatum N.E.Br. = Hoodia pilifera subsp. annulata
TABERNAEMONTANA L. 6603000 cactiforme (Hook.) N.E.Br. = Larryleachia cactiformis
(1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 268–271. cinereum Pillans in part = Larryleachia perlata
(2) Jordaan. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: t. 1798. clavatum (Willd.) H.Huber (insufficiently known)
(3) Leeuwenberg. 1985. FZ 7,2: 438–444.
(4) Leeuwenberg. 1991. A revision of Tabernaemontana: the Old columnare Nel = Notechidnopsis columnaris
World species: 1–211. delaetianum Dinter = Hoodia officinalis subsp. delae-
elegans Stapf tiana
Conopharyngia elegans (Stapf) Stapf (1)
dinteri A.Berger = Larryleachia dinteri
LIM, M, S, KZN engleri Dinter = Larryleachia meloformis
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Stenostelma

felinum D.T.Cole in part = Larryleachia felina jucunda (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach var. dinter (A.Berger)
flavum N.E.Br. = Hoodia flava L.C.Leach = T. jucunda
grande N.E.Br. = Hoodia pilifera subsp. pillansii longii (C.A.Lückh.) L.C.Leach = Tromotriche longii
keetmanshoopense Dinter = Larryleachia marlothii longipes (C.A.Lückh.) L.C.Leach = Tromotriche longi-
pes
kubusense Nel = Larryleachia perlata
marientalensis (Nel) L.C.Leach subsp. albipilosa (Giess)
marlothii N.E.Br. = Larryleachia marlothii L.C.Leach
meloforme Marloth = Larryleachia meloformis Stapelia albipilosa Giess (1)
officinale N.E.Br. = Hoodia officinalis subsp. officinalis Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–200 mm. Alt 800–1600
m. N
pedicellatum Schinz = Hoodia pedicellata
marientalensis (Nel) L.C.Leach subsp. marientalensis
perlatum Dinter = Larryleachia perlata Stapelia auobensis Nel (1)
pictum N.E.Br. = Larryleachia picta Stapelia marientalensis Nel (1)
piliferum (L.f.) N.E.Br. = Hoodia pilifera subsp. pilifera
m. N, B, NC
pillansii N.E.Br. = Hoodia pilifera subsp. pillansii
pachyrrhiza (Dinter) L.C.Leach
pillansii N.E.Br. var. major N.E.Br. = Hoodia pilifera Stapelia pachyrrhiza Dinter (1)
subsp. pillansii Stapelia umbonata Pillans (1)
pubiflorum Dinter = Hoodia officinalis subsp. officinalis Perennial. Succulent. Ht 10–30 mm. Alt 5–50 m. N,
NC
rusticum N.E.Br. = Hoodia officinalis subsp. officinalis
parvipuncta (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. parvipuncta
simile N.E.Br. = Larryleachia similis Stapelia parvipuncta N.E.Br. (2)
sinus-luederitzii Dinter = Larryleachia dinteri Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–120 mm. Alt 800–1200
sociarum A.C.White & B.Sloane = Larryleachia socia- m. NC, WC
rum parvipuncta (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach subsp. truncata
triebneri Nel = Hoodia triebneri (C.A.Lückh.) Bruyns
Stapelia parvipuncta N.E.Br. var. truncata C.A.Lückh. (2)
truncatum Pillans = Larryleachia perlata T. parvipuncta (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach var. truncata (C.A.Lückh.)
L.C.Leach (2)
TRIDENTEA Haw. 6885090 T. pusilla Frandsen (2)
(1) Leach. 1980. Excelsa Taxonomic Series 2: 1–68. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–120 mm. Alt 300–700 m.
(2) Bruyns. 1995. South African Journal of Botany 61: 180–208. WC
aperta (Masson) L.C.Leach = Tromotriche aperta parvipuncta (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach var. truncata
baylissii (L.C.Leach) L.C.Leach var. baylissii = Tromo- (C.A.Lückh.) L.C.Leach = T. parvipuncta subsp.
triche baylissii truncata
baylissii (L.C.Leach) L.C.Leach var. ciliata L.C.Leach peculiaris (C.A.Lückh.) L.C.Leach
Stapelia peculiaris C.A.Lückh. (1)
= Tromotriche baylissii
choanantha (Lavranos & A.V.Hall) L.C.Leach = Tromo- WC, NC
triche choanantha
pedunculata (Masson) L.C.Leach = Tromotriche pe-
dwequensis (C.A.Lückh.) L.C.Leach dunculata
Stapelia dwequensis C.A.Lückh. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–120 mm. Alt 1000–1300 pusilla Frandsen = T. parvipuncta subsp. truncata
m. NC ruschiana (Dinter) L.C.Leach = Tromotriche ruschiana
gemmiflora (Masson) Haw. umdausensis (Nel) L.C.Leach = Tromotriche umdaus-
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson (1) ensis
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. densa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (1) virescens (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach
Stapelia gemmiflora Masson var. hircosa (Jacq.) N.E.Br. (1) Stapelia aurea Dinter (1)
Stapelia hircosa Jacq. (1) Stapelia virescens N.E.Br. (1)
Stapelia hircosa Jacq. var. densa N.E.Br. (1)
m. N, NC, WC, EC
m. NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
herrei (Nel) L.C.Leach = Tromotriche herrei TROMOTRICHE Haw. 6885100
jucunda (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach (1) Bruyns. 1995. South African Journal of Botany 61: 180–208.
Stapelia ausana Dinter & A.Berger ex Dinter (2) aperta (Masson) Bruyns
Stapelia cincta Marloth (2) Caralluma aperta (Masson) N.E.Br. (1)
Stapelia dinteri A.Berger (2) Caruncularia aperta (Masson) Sweet (1)
Stapelia jucunda N.E.Br. (2) Stapelia aperta Masson (1)
Stapelia jucunda N.E.Br. var. deficiens N.E.Br. (2) Tridentea aperta (Masson) L.C.Leach (1)
T. jucunda (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach var. cincta (Marloth) L.C.Leach (2)
T. jucunda (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach var. dinteri (A.Berger) L.C.Leach (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 20–200 mm. Alt 100–600 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 30–120 mm. Alt 900–1700 N, NC
m. N, FS, NC baylissii (L.C.Leach) Bruyns
Stapelianthus baylissii L.C.Leach (1)
jucunda (N.E.Br.) L.C.Leach var. cincta (Marloth) Tridentea baylissii (L.C.Leach) L.C.Leach var. baylissii (1)
L.C.Leach = T. jucunda Tridentea baylissii (L.C.Leach) L.C.Leach var. ciliata L.C.Leach (1)
APOCYNACEAE Trichocaulon DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Trailing succulent. Length 0.15–3 m. Alt Perennial. Herb to shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1000–
250–900 m. EC 1600 m. LIM
choanantha (Lavranos & H.Hall) Bruyns cordata (Thunb.) Druce
Stapelia choanantha (Lavranos & H.Hall) R.A.Dyer (1) T. syringifolia E.Mey. (2)
Stapelianthus choananthus (Lavranos & H.Hall) R.A.Dyer (1) Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt? EC, WC
Tridentea choanantha (Lavranos & H.Hall) L.C.Leach (1)
Perennial. Trailing succulent. Length 0.15–3 m. Alt flanaganii Schltr.
400–600 m. WC Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt? LIM, M, KZN, EC
engleriana (Schltr.) L.C.Leach = Stapelia engleriana fleckii (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Herb to shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 1200–
herrei (Nel) Bruyns 2350 m. N
Stapelia herrei Nel (1)
Stapelia neliana A.C.White & B.Sloane (1) lycioides (E.Mey.) Decne.
Tridentea herrei (Nel) L.C.Leach (1) Diascia integrifolia Spreng. ex Eckl. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 500–700 m. Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 300–700 m. LIM,
NC M, S, KZN, EC
longii (C.A.Lückh.) Bruyns simiana Schltr.
Stapelia longii C.A.Lückh. (1) Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt? EC
Tridentea longii (C.A.Lückh.) L.C.Leach (1)
Perennial. Trailing succulent. Length 0.15–1 m. Alt syringifolia E.Mey. = T. cordata
500–800 m. EC umbellata Schltr.
longipes (C.A.Lückh.) Bruyns Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt? EC
Stapelia longipes C.A.Lückh. var. longipes (1)
Stapelia longipes C.A.Lückh. var. namaquensis C.A.Lückh. (1) *VINCA L. 6598000
Tridentea longipes (C.A.Lückh.) L.C.Leach (1) (1) Pichon. 1951. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 100–700 m. sér. 2, 23: 439–444.
N, NC (2) Stearn. 2000. European garden flora 6: 38–40.
pedunculata (Masson) Bruyns major L.

Caruncularia pedunculata (Masson) Haw. (1) Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.4–4 m. Alt 500–1850
Stapelia pedunculata Masson (1) m. KZN, WC, EC
Tridentea pedunculata (Masson) L.C.Leach (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 500–1200 m. VINCETOXICUM Ruppius 6834030
NC, WC
capense (L.f.) Kuntze = Pentatropis capensis
pruinosa (Masson) Haw. = Quaqua pruinosa
revoluta (Masson) Haw. VOACANGA Thouars 6612000
Stapelia revoluta Masson (1) (1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 273, 274.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 100–700 m. (2) Leeuwenberg. 1985. FZ 7,2: 434–438.
NC, WC dregei E.Mey. = V. thouarsii
ruschiana (Dinter) Bruyns thouarsii Roem. & Schult.
Stapelia ruschiana Dinter (1) V. dregei E.Mey. (1)
Tridentea ruschiana (Dinter) L.C.Leach (1)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–17 m. Alt 0–460 m. S, KZN, EC
N WOODIA Schltr. 6790000
thudichumii (Pillans) L.C.Leach (1) Brown. 1909. FC 4: 315–418.
Stapelia thudichumii Pillans (1) (2) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 300–1200 m. Asclepiadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis.
WC University of Durban-Westville, Durban.
umdausensis (Nel) Bruyns marginata (E.Mey.) Schltr. = W. mucronata

Caralluma umdausensis Nel (1) mucronata (Thunb.) N.E.Br.
Tridentea umdausensis (Nel) L.C.Leach (1) Asclepias mucronata Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 600–1000 Gomphocarpus marginatus (E.Mey.) Decne. (2)
m. N, NC Gomphocarpus trifurcatus Schltr. (2)
Gomphocarpus undulatus Turcz. (2)
Pachycarpus marginatus E.Mey. (2)
TYLOPHORA R.Br. 6899000 W. marginata (E.Mey.) Schltr. (2)
(1) Brown. 1907–1909. FC 4: 315–418. W. mucronata (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. mucronata (2)
(2) Bullock. 1964. The Flowering Plants of Africa 36: t. 1435. W. mucronata (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. trifurcata (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (2)
(3) Hilliard & Burtt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany 50,3: 336. W. trifurcata (Schltr.) Schltr. (2)
(4) Bruyns. 1990. Cimbebasia 12: 161–166. W. trifurcata (Schltr.) Schltr. var. planifolia Schltr. (2)
Xysmalobium linguaeforme Harv. ex Weale (2)
anomala N.E.Br. Xysmalobium marginatum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (2)
Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt? KZN Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–250 mm. Alt 30–
badia (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. badia 1500 m. EC
Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt? EC? mucronata (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. mucronata = W. mucro-
badia (E.Mey.) Schltr. var. latifolia N.E.Br. nata
Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt up to 300 m. EC mucronata (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. trifurcata (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
coddii Bullock = W. mucronata
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Tromotriche

singularis N.E.Br. crispum (P.J.Bergius) D.Dietr. = Asclepias crispa var.

Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht ± 400 mm. Alt ± 800 m. crispa
LIM, M, S dealbatum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Pachycarpus dealbatus
trifurcata (Schltr.) Schltr. = W. mucronata dilatatum Weim. = X. undulatum
trifurcata (Schltr.) Schltr. var. planifolia Schltr. = W. ensifolium (Burch. ex Scott-Elliot) N.E.Br. = X. undu-
mucronata latum var. ensifolium
verruculosa Schltr. fluviale Bruyns
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–250 mm. Alt 600– Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 80–500 mm. Alt ± 750
1000 m. KZN m. WC
WRIGHTIA R.Br. 6689000 gerrardii Scott-Elliot
Asclepias ochroleuca (Schltr.) Schltr. (4)
(1) Codd. 1963. FSA 26: 295, 296. Asclepias sulphurea in sense of Schltr. (4)
(2) Leeuwenberg. 1985. FZ 7,2: 480–482. Gomphocarpus ochroleucus Schltr. (4)
natalensis Stapf Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 300–380 mm. Alt
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.6–18 m. Alt 20–1250 m. 180–1500 m. KZN, EC
LIM, S, KZN gomphocarpoides (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. var. gomphocar-
poides
XYSMALOBIUM R.Br. 6777000 Asclepias gomphocarpoides (E.Mey.) Schltr. (4)
(1) Brown. 1909. FC 4: 315–418. Gomphocarpus longifolius Schltr. (4)
(2) Phillips. 1926. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 6: t. 215. Pachycarpus gomphocarpoides E.Mey. (4)
(3) Langley. 1980. Taxonomic studies in the Asclepiadeae with par- Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–600 mm. Alt 450–
ticular reference to Xysmalobium R.Br. in southern Africa. M.Sc. 2100 m. NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
thesis, Pietermaritzburg.
(4) Nicholas. 1999. A taxonomic reassessment of the subtribe gomphocarpoides (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. var. parvilobum
Asclepiadinae (Asclepiadaceae) in southern Africa. Ph.D. thesis. Bruyns
University of Durban-Westville. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–600 mm. Alt ± 60
acerateoides (Schltr.) N.E.Br. m. NC, WC
Asclepias acerateoides (Schltr.) Schltr. (4)
Asclepias scabridifolia Schltr. (4) grandiflorum (L.f.) R.Br. = Pachycarpus grandiflorus
Gomphocarpus acerateoides Schltr. (4) subsp. grandiflorus
Gomphocarpus ovatus Schltr. (4) humile (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias humilis
2280 m. LIM, M, S involucratum (E.Mey.) Decne.
Asclepias chloroglossa Schltr. (4)
albens (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias albens Gomphocarpus involucratus (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (4)
ambiguum N.E.Br. = X. undulatum Lagarinthus involucratus E.Mey. (4)
Schizoglossum umbelluliferum Schltr. (4)
amplifolium Weim. = X. undulatum Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 40–400 mm. Alt 5–
appendiculatum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Pachycarpus ap- 2150 m. NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
pendiculatus lapathifolium K.Schum., not of Decne. = X. undulatum
asperum N.E.Br.
Asclepias sulphurea in sense of S.Moore (4) leucotrichum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. = X. undulatum
Gomphocarpus parviflorus Harv. ex Schltr. (4) ligulatum D.Dietr. = Pachycarpus dealbatus
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–300 mm. Alt 450– linguaeforme Harv. ex Weale = Woodia mucronata
1830 m. NW, G, M, S, KZN
marginatum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Woodia mucronata
baurii N.E.Br.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–150 mm. Alt ± orbiculare (E.Mey.) D.Dietr.
Asclepias orbicularis (E.Mey.) Schltr. (4)
1000 m. EC Gomphocarpus orbicularis (E.Mey.) Schltr. (4)
brownianum S.Moore Gomphocarpus padifolius Baker (4)
Asclepias anisophylla Conrath & Schltr. (4) Pachycarpus orbicularis E.Mey. (4)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–300 mm. Alt 183– X. padifolium (Baker) Scott-Elliot (4)
1550 m. N, B, NW, G, FS, L Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.3–1.3 m. Alt 60–610
m. S, KZN, EC
carinatum (Schltr.) N.E.Br.
Gomphocarpus carinatus (Schltr.) Schltr. (4) padifolium (Baker) Scott-Elliot = X. orbiculare
Krebsia carinata Schltr. (4)
parviflorum Harv. ex Scott-Elliot
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 200–250 mm. Alt 1350– Asclepias pachyglossa (Schltr.) Schltr. (4)
1550 m. EC Gomphocarpus pachyglossus Schltr. (4)
concolor (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Pachycarpus concolor Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 120–320 mm. Alt 900–
2100 m. LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
confusum Scott-Elliot
Asclepias confusa (Scott-Elliot) Schltr. (4) pearsonii L.Bolus
Asclepias rectinervis (Schltr) Schltr. (4) Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 300–400 mm. Alt ± 1500
Gomphocarpus rectinervis Schltr. (4) m. NC
pedunculatum Harv. = X. prunelloides
1435 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
prismatostigma K.Schum. = X. undulatum
coronarium (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Pachycarpus corona-
rius prunelloides Harv. = X. prunelloides
APOCYNACEAE Woodia DICOTYLEDONS

prunelloides Turcz. undulatum (L.) Aiton f. var. undulatum

Asclepias harveyana (Schltr.) Schltr. (4) Asclepias undulata L. (2)
Gomphocarpus harveyanus Schltr. (4) Gomphocarpus undulatus (L.) Schltr. (2)
Gomphocarpus prunelloides (Turcz.) Schltr. (4) X. ambiguum N.E.Br. (4)
X. pedunculatum Harv. (4) X. amplifolium Weim. (4)
X. prunelloides Harv. (4) X. dilatatum Weim. (4)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–350 mm. Alt 600– X. lapathifolium K.Schum., not of Decne. (4)
2440 m. EC X. leucotrichum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (4)
X. prismatostigma K.Schum. (4)
reflectens (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Pachycarpus reflectens Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 0.5–1.8 m. Alt 80–2000
rigidum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Pachycarpus rigidus m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC,
stockenstromense Scott-Elliot WC, EC
Asclepias stockenstromensis (Scott-Elliot) Schltr. (3)
Gomphocarpus stockenstromensis (Scott-Elliot) Schltr. (3) vexillare (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Pachycarpus vexillaris
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–800 mm. Alt 1200– viridiflorum (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = Asclepias dregeana
2600 m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC var. dregeana
trauseldii R.A.Dyer = X. woodii winterbergense N.E.Br.
tysonianum (Schltr.) N.E.Br. Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 100–130 mm. Alt ± 1050
Asclepias tysoniana Schltr. (4) m. EC
Gomphocarpus tysonianum (Schltr.) Schltr. (4)
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–230 mm. Alt 1200– woodii N.E.Br.
2685 m. KZN, L, EC X. trauseldii R.A.Dyer (4)
undulatum (L.) Aiton f. var. ensifolium Burch. ex Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 150–350 mm. Alt 1370–
Scott-Elliot 1800 m. KZN, L
X. ensifolium (Burch. ex Scott-Elliot) N.E.Br. (3) zeyheri N.E.Br.
Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 1000–1300 Perennial. Geophytic herb. Ht 120–150 mm. Alt? WC,
m. N, B, NW, FS, NC, EC EC
AQUIFOLIACEAE
ILEX L. 4614000 crocea Thunb. = Elaeodendron croceum

(1) Mendes. 1966. FZ 2,2: 353–355. mitis (L.) Radlk. var. mitis
(2) Verdcourt. 1968. FTEA Aquifoliaceae: 1–4. I. capensis Sond. (1)
(3) Andrews. 1994. Bothalia 24: 163–166. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–30 m. Alt 10–2130 m.
capensis Sond. = I. mitis var. mitis LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
ARALIACEAE
CUSSONIA Thunb. 5872000 paniculata Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. paniculata

C. paniculata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. paniculata (6)
(1) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 568–570.
(2) Strey. 1973. Bothalia 11: 191–201. Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 300–2000 m. KZN,
(3) Strey. 1975. Bothalia 11: 515, 516. NC, WC, EC
(4) Reyneke. 1984. South African Journal of Botany 3: 368–374. paniculata Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. sinuata (Reyneke &
(5) Reyneke & Kok. 1987. South African Journal of Botany 53: 317–322.
(6) De Winter. 1991. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: t. 2024. Kok) De Winter
C. paniculata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. sinuata Reyneke & Kok (6)
arenicola Strey Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 900–1980 m. B, LIM,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 5–300 m. KZN NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
chartacea of authors, not of Schinz = C. sphaerocephala paniculata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. paniculata = C. panicu-
chartacea Schinz = Schefflera umbellifera lata subsp. paniculata
gamtoosensis Strey paniculata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. sinuata Reyneke & Kok
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 0–500 m. EC = C. paniculata subsp. sinuata
sphaerocephala Strey
natalensis Sond. C. chartacea of authors, not of Schinz (2)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–11 m. Alt 100–1640 m. LIM, M, Perennial. Tree. Ht 10–25 m. Alt 0–800 m. KZN, EC
S, KZN spicata Thunb.
nicholsonii Strey Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–17 m. Alt 5–1800 m. LIM, NW,
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 5–550 m. KZN G, M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC
DICOTYLEDONS APOCYNACEAE Xysmalobium

thyrsiflora Thunb. umbellifera (Sond.) Baill.

Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.75–3 m. Alt 5–490 m. Cussonia chartacea Schinz (1)
Cussonia umbellifera Sond. (2)
WC, EC
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 60–1980 m. LIM, M,
transvaalensis Reyneke
S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 900–1700 m. LIM, NW, G, M
umbellifera Sond. = Schefflera umbellifera
zuluensis Strey SEEMANNARALIA R.Vig. 5872010
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–6 m. Alt 10–1000 m. M, S, KZN (1) Burtt & Dickison. 1975. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
Edinburgh 33: 449–464.
SCHEFFLERA J.R.Forst. & 5852000
G.Forst. gerrardii (Seem.) Harms
(1) Strey. 1973. Bothalia 11: 191–201. Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–15 m. Alt 610–1830 m. LIM, M,
(2) Cannon. 1978. FZ 4: 622–625. KZN, EC
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE
ARISTOLOCHIA L. 2174000 A. bainesii Burtt Davy (2)

(1) Burtt Davy. 1926. A manual of the flowering plants and ferns of Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 0–600 m. N
the Transvaal with Swaziland 1: 114, 115. bainesii Burtt Davy = A. albida
(2) Verdcourt. 1986. FTEA Aristolochiaceae: 1–11.
(3) Stannard. 1997. FZ 9,2: 19–24. *elegans Mast.
albida Duch. Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–3 m. Alt? LIM, M, KZN
ASTERACEAE
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman, W.G. Welman, E. Retief, M. Koekemoer & N. Netnou
Note: grey shading contains some names not validly published and associated information.
ACANTHOTHECA DC. 9425030 *ACHILLEA L. 9332000

integrifolia DC. = Dimorphotheca sinuata Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 345, 346.
pinnatisecta DC. = Osteospermum pinnatum var. pin-
natum millefolium L.
A. millefolium L. subsp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper (1)
A. millefolium L. var. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper & Beattie (1)
*ACANTHOSPERMUM Schrank 9130000
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 1920 m. B,
Compiled by N. Netnou G, M, KZN, EC
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 292−294.
millefolium L. subsp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper = A. mille-
australe (Loefl.) Kuntze folium
A. brasilum Schrank (1)
Annual or perennial? Herb, prostrate. Length 0.15−0.8 millefolium L. var. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper & Beattie = A.
m. Alt 945−1600 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC millefolium
australe of authors, not of (Loefl.) Kuntze, concept ACHYROCLINE (Less.) DC. 8994010
invalid = A. glabratum
stenoptera (DC.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt = Helichrysum
brasilum Schrank = A. australe
stenopterum
glabratum (DC.) Wild
A. australe of authors, not of (Loefl.) Kuntze, concept invalid (1) ADENACHAENA DC. 9336010
A. xanthoides (Kunth) DC. var. glabratum DC. (1)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Length up to 0.6 m. Alt leptophylla DC. = Phymaspermum leptophyllum
up to 1800 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, parvifolia DC. = Phymaspermum parvifolium
NC, EC
hispidum DC. ADENANTHELLUM B.Nord. 9341050
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.3 m. Alt 40–1525 m. N, B, Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN (1) Nordenstam. 1976. Botaniska Notiser 129: 157–160.
xanthoides (Kunth) DC. var. glabratum DC. = A. gla- (2) Nordenstam. 1979. Botaniska Notiser 132: 160.
bratum osmitoides (Harv.) B.Nord.
ARALIACEAE Cussonia DICOTYLEDONS

Adenanthemum osmitoides (Harv.) B.Nord. (2) kraussii Sch.Bip. = Felicia aethiopica subsp. aethiopica
Chrysanthemum osmitoides Harv. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.7 m. Alt up to 1830 m. M, linifolia (L.) G.Don ex Loud. = Euryops linifolius
S, KZN microphylla Cass. = Felicia aethiopica subsp. aethiopica
natalensis Sch.Bip. = Felicia rosulata
ADENANTHEMUM B.Nord. 9341060
rotundifolia (Thunb.) Nees = Felicia amelloides
osmitoides (Harv.) B.Nord. = Adenanthellum osmi- scabrida DC. = Felicia scabrida
toides
serrata (Thunb.) Nees = Felicia serrata
ADENOGLOSSA B.Nord. 9341010 stricta DC. = Felicia amoena subsp. stricta
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman strigosa (A.Spreng.) Nees = Felicia ovata
(1) Nordenstam. 1976. Botaniska Notiser 129: 137–140. tenera DC. = Felicia tenera
decurrens (Hutch.) B.Nord. tricolor Nees = Felicia elongata
Chrysanthemum decurrens Hutch. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.2 m. Alt 90–1372 m. NC zeyheri Nees = Felicia linifolia
ADENOGONUM Welw. 8861010 *AGERATINA Spach 8816030

Compiled by E. Retief
decumbens Welw. ex Hiern = Engleria decumbens
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 52–54.
(2) King & Robinson. 1987. Monographs in systematic botany from
ADENOSTEMMA J.R.Forst. 8785000 the Missouri Botanical Garden 22: 428–436.
& G.Forst. (3) Henderson. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: 38.
Compiled by E. Retief adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 47–50. Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. (2)
(2) King & Robinson. 1987. Monographs in systematic botany from Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 200–1000 m. G,
the Missouri Botanical Garden 22: 58–60. KZN, WC
caffrum DC. altissima (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob.
Annual. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 20–1450 Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. (2)
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt ± 1100 m. LIM
dregei DC. = A. viscosum riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob.
Eupatorium riparium Regel (2)
natalense DC. = A. viscosum
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1 m. Alt ± 700 m. KZN
perrottetii DC. = A. viscosum
viscosum J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. *AGERATUM L. 8795000
A. dregei DC. (2) Compiled by E. Retief
A. natalense DC. (2)
A. perrottetii DC. (2) (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 50, 51.
(2) King & Robinson. 1987. Monographs in systematic botany from
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 7–1300 m. M, KZN the Missouri Botanical Garden 22: 142–145.
ADVENTINA Raf. 9610000 conyzoides L.
ciliata Raf. = Galinsoga ciliata Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 3–800 m. B, LIM, M,
S, KZN, EC
AGATHAEA Cass. 8919030 houstonianum Mill.
A. mexicanum Sims (2)
amelloides (L.) DC. = Felicia amelloides
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 5–1980 m. LIM, NW,
amelloides (L.) DC. var. kraussii (Sch.Bip.) Sch.Bip. = M, S, KZN, EC
Felicia aethiopica subsp. aethiopica
mexicanum Sims = A. houstonianum
amoena Sch.Bip. = Felicia amoena subsp. amoena
barbata DC. = Felicia ovata ALATOSETA Compton 9090010
barbata DC. var. subalbescens DC. = Felicia ovata Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
(1) Compton. 1931. Transactions of the Royal Society of South
bergeriana (Spreng.) DC. = Felicia bergeriana Africa 19: 314.
brevifolia DC. = Felicia brevifolia tenuis Compton
coelestis Cass. = Felicia amelloides Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 450–900 m. WC
corymbosa Turcz. = Gymnostephium corymbosum
ALCIOPE DC. 9391000
diffusa DC. = Felicia diffusa subsp. diffusa
ecklonis (Less.) Nees = Felicia aethiopica subsp. eck- lanata (Thunb.) DC. = Capelio tomentosa
lonis tabularis (Thunb.) DC. = Capelio tabularis
elongata (Thunb.) Nees = Felicia elongata
*AMBROSIA L. 9146000
hispida DC. = Felicia hispida
Compiled by N. Netnou
hispida DC. var. barbigera DC. = Felicia hispida (1) Hansen. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 142, 143.
hirta DC. = Felicia aculeata (2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 295–297.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Adenanthellum

artemisiifolia L. lychnitis L. var. flosculosus Benth. ex Harv. in part = A.

A. maritima in sense of Wild, misapplied name (2) capensis
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 2–1750 m. LIM, NW, microglossus DC.
G, M, KZN, NC Susanna microglossa (DC.) E.Phillips (1)
maritima in sense of Wild, misapplied name = A. arte- Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 270–900 m. NC,
misiifolia WC
psilostachya DC. nanus DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt ± 15 m. NW, G, FS, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt up to 360 m. N, NC
KZN, EC
reductus Rommel
tenuifolia Spreng. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? N, B
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 30 m. EC
scabridus DC. = A. strigosus subsp. scabridus
AMELLUS L. 8887000 strigosus (Thunb.) Less. subsp. pseudoscabridus Rom-
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman mel
(1) Rommel. 1977. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 240–1000 m. EC
München 13: 579–728. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. subsp. scabridus (DC.) Rom-
alternifolius Roth subsp. alternifolius mel
A. annuus Willd. (1) A. scabridus DC. (1)
A. hispidus DC. (1) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt up to 245 m. WC
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 930– strigosus (Thunb.) Less. subsp. strigosus
1830 m. NC A. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. thunbergii Harv. in part (1)
alternifolius Roth subsp. angustissimus (DC.) Rommel A. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. tridactylus (DC.) Harv. in part (1)
A. hispidus DC. var. angustissimus DC. (1) A. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. willdenovii Harv. in part (1)
Aster strigosus Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? NC, WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 15–2380 m. NC,
annuus Willd. = A. alternifolius subsp. alternifolius WC, EC
arenarius S.Moore = A. tridactylus subsp. arenarius strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. thunbergii Harv. in part =
asteroides (L.) Druce subsp. asteroides A. strigosus subsp. strigosus
A. lychnitis in sense of Harv. in part (1)
A. lychnitis L. (1) strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. thunbergii Harv. in part =
Verbesina asteroides L. (1) A. tridactylus subsp. olivaceus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 3–200 m. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. thunbergii Harv. in part =
WC A. tridactylus subsp. tridactylus
asteroides (L.) Druce subsp. mollis Rommel strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. tridactylus (DC.) Harv. in
A. lychnitis L. var. flosculosus Benth. ex Harv. in part (1)
part = A. strigosus subsp. strigosus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 0.35 m. Alt 1–15 m. WC
strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. tridactylus (DC.) Harv. in
capensis (Walp.) Hutch.
A. lychnitis L. var. flosculosus Benth. ex Harv. in part (1) part = A. tridactylus subsp. olivaceus
Haenelia capensis Walp. (1) strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. tridactylus (DC.) Harv. in
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt? WC part = A. tridactylus subsp. tridactylus
coilopodius DC. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. willdenovii Harv. in part =
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt? NC A. strigosus subsp. strigosus
epaleaceus O.Hoffm. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. willdenovii Harv. in part =
Susanna epaleacea (O.Hoffm.) E.Phillips (1) A. tridactylus subsp. olivaceus
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt 1–800 m. N, NC
strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. willdenovii Harv. in part =
flosculosus DC. A. tridactylus subsp. tridactylus
A. hispidus DC. var. flosculosus (DC.) Harv. (1)
Pegolettia arenicola Dinter ex Range (1) tenuifolius Burm.
Perennial. Herb or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt ± A. lychnitis in sense of Harv. in part (1)
500 m. N, NC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 30–700 m. NC,
WC
hispidus DC. = A. alternifolius subsp. alternifolius
tridactylus DC. subsp. arenarius (S.Moore) Rommel
hispidus DC. var. angustissimus DC. = A. alternifolius A. arenarius S.Moore (1)
subsp. angustissimus A. humilis Heering (1)
hispidus DC. var. flosculosus (DC.) Harv. = A. flosculo- Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 650–900 m. N, NC
sus tridactylus DC. subsp. olivaceus Rommel
humilis Heering = A. tridactylus subsp. arenarius A. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. thunbergii Harv. in part (1)
A. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. tridactylus (DC.) Harv. in part (1)
lychnitis in sense of Harv. in part = A. asteroides subsp. A. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. willdenovii Harv. in part (1)
asteroides Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 400–1821 m. NC,
lychnitis in sense of Harv. in part = A. tenuifolius WC
lychnitis L. = A. asteroides subsp. asteroides tridactylus DC. subsp. tridactylus
A. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. thunbergii Harv. in part (1)
lychnitis L. var. flosculosus Benth. ex Harv. in part = A. A. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. tridactylus (DC.) Harv. in part (1)
asteroides subsp. mollis A. strigosus (Thunb.) Less. var. wildenovii Harv. in part (1)
ASTERACEAE *Ambrosia DICOTYLEDONS

Leysera tridactyla E.Mey ex DC. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 900–1400
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.15 m. Alt 1150–1920 m. FS, m. N, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
NC, EC
ANACYCLUS L. 9331000
AMPHIDOXA DC. 8972000
australis Spreng. = Cotula australis
adscendens O.Hoffm. ex Zahlbr. = Gnaphalium gri-
quense ANAGLYPHA DC. 9049000
engleriana O.Hoffm. = Gnaphalium englerianum
filaginea Ficalho & Hiern = Gnaphalium filagopsis acicularis Benth. = Oxylaena acicularis
filaginea Ficalho & Hiern var. transiens Merxm. = Gna- aspera DC. = Gibbaria scabra
phalium filagopsis latifolia S.Moore = Anisopappus latifolius
glandulosa Klatt = Denekia capensis
gnaphalodes DC. = Gnaphalium gnaphalodes ANAPHALIS DC. 8983000
lasiocephala O.Hoffm. = Artemisiopsis villosa oligandra DC. = Pseudognaphalium oligandrum
villosa O.Hoffm. = Artemisiopsis villosa
AMPHIGLOSSA DC. 9046000 ANAXETON Gaertn. 8998000

Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Compiled by M. Koekemoer
(1) Lundgren. 1972. Opera Botanica 31: 5–59.
(1) Koekemoer. 1999. Bothalia 29: 65–75.
(2) Nordenstam. 1988. South African Journal of Botany 54: 631,
alopecuroides Sch.Bip. = Stoebe alopecuroides 632.
callunoides DC. angustifolium Lundgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 0–100 m. WC, EC Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 1500–2500
celans Koekemoer m. WC
Perennial. Subshrub, scrambler. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 100– arborescens (L.) Less.
200 m. NC, WC A. arboreum (L.) Gaertn. (1)
A. floridum Poir. (1)
corrudifolia DC. A. recurvum (Lam.) DC. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 300–600 m. NC, Gnaphalium arborescens L. (1)
WC Gnaphalium arboreum L. (1)
Gnaphalium floridum Poir. (1)
grisea Koekemoer Gnaphalium recurvum Lam. (1)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 300– Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 700–1100
900 m. WC m. WC
kolbei Bolus = Laevicarpa kolbei arboreum (L.) Gaertn. = A. arborescens
perotrichoides DC. asperum (Thunb.) DC. subsp. asperum
Pterothrix perotrichoides (DC.) Harv. (1) A. asperum (Thunb.) DC. var. asperum (1)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 300– Gnaphalium asperum Thunb. (1)
1300 m. WC Gnaphalium stenocladon Schrank (1)
rudolphii Koekemoer WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 400–700 m. NC,
WC asperum (Thunb.) DC. subsp. pauciflorum Lundgren
susannae Koekemoer WC
1200 m. WC asperum (Thunb.) DC. var. asperum = A. asperum subsp.
asperum
tecta (Brusse) Koekemoer
Pterothrix tecta Brusse (1) asperum (Thunb.) DC. var. laeve Harv. = A. laeve
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1100–1300 m. NC brevipes Lundgren
thuja (Merxm.) Koekemoer Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1000–1600
Pterothrix thuja Merxm. (1) m. WC
Pterothrix trifurcata C.A.Sm. ex Merxm. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 500–600 m. N canescens (DC.) Benth. & Hook. ex B.D.Jacks. = Lange-
bergia canescens
tomentosa (Thunb.) Harv.
Athrixia tomentosa (Thunb.) Less. (1) ellipticum Lundgren
Pteronia engleriana Muschl. (1) Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 1000–1400
Pterothrix engleriana (Muschl.) Hutch. & E.Phillips (1) m. WC
Pterothrix flaccida Schltr. ex Hutch. & E.Phillips (1)
Pterothrix tomentosa DC. (1) floridum Poir. = A. arborescens
Relhania tomentosa Thunb. (1) hirsutum (Thunb.) Less.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 300– Gnaphalium hirsutum Thunb. (1)
1100 m. N, NC, WC Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 550–1500 m.
triflora DC. WC
Helichrysum armatum Dinter ex Merxm., naked name (1) laeve (Harv.) Lundgren
Pterothrix spinescens DC. (1) A. asperum (Thunb.) DC. var. laeve Harv. (1)
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Amellus

Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.35–0.76 m. Alt 5–600 m. Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 2000–2115 m. M
WC pinnatifidus (Klatt) O.Hoffm. ex Hutch.
lundgrenii B.Nord. A. triloba (Klatt) O.Hoffm. ex Merxm. (3)
Athanasia triloba Klatt (2)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 305–915 m. Eenia damarensis Hiern & S.Moore (2)
WC Matricaria pinnatifida Klatt (2)
nycthemerum Less. Senecio aschersonianus Muschl. ex Dinter (3)
Senecio oreophilus Muschl. ex Dinter (3)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 600–1100 m.
WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–1.2 m. Alt 915–1826 m. N
recurvum (Lam.) DC. = A. arborescens pseudopinnatifidus S.Ortíz & Paiva
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1 m. Alt ± 1500 m. N
septentrionalis Vatke = Helichrysopsis septentrionale
virgatum DC. smutsii Hutch.
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 150–900 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.75–1.5 m. Alt 915–1705 m. M,
WC S, KZN
triloba (Klatt) O.Hoffm. ex Merxm. = A. pinnatifidus
ANDERBERGIA B.Nord. 8998010
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman ANISORAMPHUS DC. 9605020
(1) Hilliard & Burtt. 1982. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden hypochaerideus DC. = Crepis hypochaeridea
Edinburgh 40: 270, 271.
(2) Hilliard. 1993. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 50: 181, 182. ANISOTHRIX O.Hoffm. 9072000
(3) Nordenstam. 1996. Annalen des Natürhistorischen Museums in
Wien 98B Suppl.: 403–418. Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
elsiae B.Nord. (1) Bolus. 1906. Transactions of the South African Philosophical
Society 16: 385, 386.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 900–915 m. (2) Anderberg. 1988. Botanische Jahrbücher 109: 366–371.
WC
integra (Compton) Anderb.
epaleata (Hilliard & B.L.Burtt) B.Nord. Iphiona integra Compton (2)
Petalacte epaleata Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 1000–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1220– 1500 m. WC
1525 m. WC
kuntzei O.Hoffm.
fallax B.Nord. Iphiona dentata (Bolus) Bolus (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 1000–1067 Pegolettia dentata Bolus (2)
m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 500–1000
rooibergensis B.Nord. m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 1220–1403 m.
WC *ANTHEMIS L. 9330000
ustulata B.Nord.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 1000–1220
m. WC afra L. = Osmitopsis afra
vlokii (Hilliard) B.Nord. arvensis L.
Petalacte vlokii Hilliard (3) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1000–1500 m. KZN
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1000–1281 cotula L.
m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.22–0.6 m. Alt 30–2100 m. NW, G,
M, KZN, NC?, WC, EC
ANISOCHAETA DC. 9068000
fruticosa L. = Relhania fruticosa
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 278, 279. ANTIPHIONA Merxm. 9065010
mikanioides DC.
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht? Alt up to 600 m. KZN
(1) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 24.
ANISOPAPPUS Hook. & Arn. 9096000 (2) Anderberg. 1991. Plant Systematics and Evolution 176: 107.
fragrans (Merxm.) Merxm.
Iphiona fragrans Merxm. (1, 2)
(1) Oliver & Hiern. 1877. FTA 3: 369. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt up to 1850 m. N
(2) Wild. 1964. Kirkia 4: 45–73.
(3) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 23. pinnatisecta (S.Moore) Merxm.
(4) Burtt. 1979. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 37: Homochaete dinteriana Muschl. ex Dinter (1)
294, 295. Iphiona pinnatisecta S.Moore (1, 2)
(5) Ortíz & Paiva. 1995. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 117: Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt up to 1525 m. N
39–46.
(6) Eldenäs & Anderberg. 1996. Plant Systematics and Evolution 199:
167–192. ANTITHRIXIA DC. 9056000
junodii Hutch. Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 760–1900 m. LIM (1) Bremer. 1978. Botaniska Notiser 131: 452, 453.
latifolius (S.Moore) B.L.Burtt flavicoma DC.
Anaglypha latifolia S.Moore (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.38–0.6 m. Alt 640–670 m. NC
ASTERACEAE Anaxeton DICOTYLEDONS

ANTUNESIA O.Hoffm. 9374000 (15) Norlindh. 1965. Botaniska Notiser 118: 403–411.
(16) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 25–27.
angolensis (O.Hoffm.) O.Hoffm. = Distephanus ango- (17) Norlindh. 1967. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift Band 61, Heft 1: 24–28.
lensis (18) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 536–539.
(19) Friedrich. 1980. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
München 16, Beiheft: 11–17.
APHELEXIS D.Don 9006030 (20) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany Suppl.
vol. 13: 155, 156.
fasciculata (Andrews) D.Don = Edmondia fasciculata
filiformis D.Don = Edmondia sesamoides acaulis L.
A. scapigera Thunb. (7)
humilis (Andrews) D.Don = Edmondia pinifolia A. speciosa Jacq. (7)
sesamoides (L.) D.Don = Edmondia sesamoides Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 30–1200 m. NC,
WC, EC
ARCTOTHECA J.C.Wendl. 9432020 acaulis Jacq. = A. adpressa
Compiled by E. Retief acuminata Lewin
(1) Britten. 1916. Journal of Botany, London 54: 61. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 600–1800 m.
(2) Lewin. 1922. Feddes Repertorium, Beiheft 11: 1–95. WC
(4) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 235–237. adpressa DC.
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 291. A. acaulis Jacq. (7)
(6) Beyers. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning in Strelitzia 9: 303. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.12 m. Alt 1000–2000 m.
(7) Beyers. 2002. Bothalia 32: 185–187. NC
calendula (L.) Levyns aenea Jacq.
A. calendulaceum (L.) Lewin (3)
Arctotis calendula L. (3)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.12–0.35 m. Alt 1400–1450
Cryptostemma calendulaceum (L.) R.Br. (3) m. WC, EC
Annual. Herb, variable in habit. Alt 20–1300 m. KZN, angustifolia L.
L, NC, WC, EC A. decumbens Jacq. (7)
calendulaceum (L.) Lewin = A. calendula Perennial. Herb. Length 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 15–1600 m.
WC
forbesiana (DC.) Lewin
Cryptostemma forbesianum (DC.) Harv. (2) anthemoides L. = Ursinia anthemoides subsp. anthe-
Gazania forbesiana DC. (2) moides
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 100–324 m. WC arborescens Willd. = A. aspera var. aspera
grandiflora Schrad. = A. prostrata
arctotoides (L.f.) O.Hoffm.
marginata Beyers Osteospermum arctotoides L.f. (16, 18)
Perennial. Herb. Length? Alt ± 760 m. NC Venidium arctotoides (L.f.) Less. (16, 18)
Venidium decurrens Less. (18)
nivea (L.f.) Lewin = A. populifolia Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt 0–3355 m. N, NW,
populifolia (P.J.Bergius) Norl. G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
A. nivea (L.f.) Lewin (3)
Arctotis populifolia P.J.Bergius (3) argentea Thunb.
Arctotis verbascifolia Harv. (2) Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 600–1220 m.
Perennial. Herb, prostrate, decumbent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt WC, EC
117–170 m. KZN, NC, WC, EC aspera L. var. angustifolia (Jacq.) Less. = A. aspera var.
prostrata (Salisb.) Britten aspera
A. grandiflora Schrad. (2)
A. repens J.C.Wendl. (1)
aspera L. var. aspera
A. arborescens Willd. (7)
Arctotis prostrata Salisb. (1)
A. aspera L. var. angustifolia (Jacq.) Less. (7)
Perennial. Herb, prostrate, sprawling. Ht 0.01–0.15 m. A. aureola Edwards (7)
Alt 100–200 m. WC, EC A. maculata Jacq. (7)
repens J.C.Wendl. = A. prostrata Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 12–1000 m.
WC
ARCTOTIS L. 9432000 aspera L. var. scabra P.J.Bergius
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman A. glandulosa Thunb. (7)
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 448–464. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 100–765 m.
(2) Dummer. 1914. Journal of Botany 52: 152, 153. WC
(3) Beauverd. 1915. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de Genève sér.
2, 7: 46–49.
aurea (DC.) Beauverd = A. fastuosa
(4) Spencer le Moore. 1917. Journal of Botany 55: 126, 127. aureola Edwards = A. aspera var. aspera
(6) Lewin. 1922. Feddes Repertorium 18: 300. auriculata Jacq.
(7) Lewin. 1922. Feddes Repertorium Beihefte 11: 54–75. A. melanocycla Willd. ex Harv. (7)
(8) Phillips. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 117. A. namaquana Schltr. ex Lewin (7)
(9) Phillips. 1925. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 5: t. 198. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 10–1000 m. N,
(10) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 241. NC
(12) Hutchinson. 1946. A botanist in southern Africa: 158. bellidiastrum (S.Moore) Lewin
(13) Henderson. 1961. The Flowering Plants of Africa 34: t. 1353. Venidium bellidiastrum S.Moore (7)
(14) Norlindh. 1964. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 58, Heft 1: 193–203. Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? M
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Antunesia

bellidifolia P.J.Bergius A. maximiliani Schltr. ex Dinter (16)

A. muricata Thunb. (7) Venidium aureum DC. (16)
A. paniculata Jacq. (7) Venidium fastuosum (Jacq.) Stapf (16)
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 15–150 m. Venidium macrocephalum DC. (16)
Venidium wyleyi Harv. (16)
WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.65 m. Alt 61–1525 m. N,
bolusii (S.Moore) Lewin NC, WC
Venidium bolusii S.Moore (7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt up to 1385 m. flaccida Jacq.
FS, NC, WC Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt? WC?
breviscapa Thunb. = A. leptorhiza foeniculacea Jacq. = Ursinia anthemoides subsp. anthe-
moides
calendula L. = Arctotheca calendula
formosa Thunb. = A. incisa
campanulata DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 425–1300 m. NC fosteri N.E.Br.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt 10–151 m. WC
candida Thunb.
A. revoluta DC. (7) frutescens Norl.
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.05–1.2 m. Alt up to Perennial. Dwarf shrub or shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? N
670 m. WC glabrata Jacq. = A. laevis
canescens DC. = A. diffusa glandulosa Thunb. = A. aspera var. scabra
caudata Lewin glutinosa Sims = Dimorphotheca cuneata
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht? Alt 650–700 m. WC gowerae E.Phillips
caulescens Thunb. = A. incisa Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt? WC
cineraria Jacq. = A. cuprea graminea Lewin
crispata Hutch. Perennial. Herb. Length? Alt 180–200 m. WC
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300– grandiflora Jacq. = A. laevis
975 m. NC, WC grandis Thunb. = A. stoechadifolia
crithmoides P.J.Bergius = Ursinia paleacea
gumbletonii Hook.f.
cuneata DC. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? NC
WC, EC hirsuta (Harv.) Beauverd
Venidium fugax Harv. (7)
cuprea Jacq. Venidium hirsutum Harv. (7)
A. cineraria Jacq. (7) Venidium hispidulum DC. (7)
A. undulata Thunb. (7) Venidium kraussii Sch.Bip. (7)
Perennial. Suffrutex or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt Venidium subacaule DC. (7)
5–900 m. NC, WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 0–1060 m. NC, WC
decumbens Jacq. = A. angustifolia hispidula (Less.) Beauverd
Venidium hispidulum Less. (7)
decumbens Thunb. = A. stoechadifolia Venidium puberulum DC. (7)
decurrens Jacq. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 0–300 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht? Alt? ‘Kap’ (7) incisa Thunb.
dentata L. = Ursinia dentata A. caulescens Thunb. (7)
denudata Thunb. = A. laevis A. formosa Thunb. (7)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 100–150 m.
diffusa Thunb.
A. canescens DC. (7) WC
A. splendens Muschl. (7) karasmontana Dinter = A. leiocarpa
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.5 m. Alt 0–1700 m. NC, laevis Thunb.
WC A. denudata Thunb. (7)
discolor (Less.) Beauverd A. elatior Jacq. (7)
Venidium discolor Less. (7) A. glabrata Jacq. (7)
A. grandiflora Jacq. (7)
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 30– A. squarrosa Jacq. (7)
335 m. WC, EC Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 50–1140 m.
dregei Turcz. NC, WC
lanata Thunb. = Haplocarpha lanata
elatior Jacq. = A. laevis
lanceolata Harv.
elongata Thunb. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 400–460 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 800–855 m. WC WC
erosa (Harv.) Beauverd leiocarpa Harv.
Venidium erosum Harv. (7)
A. karasmontana Dinter (16)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 1030–1830 m. NC, A. macrostylis Lewin (16)
WC A. microcephala S.Moore (16)
fastuosa Jacq. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 460–1548 m. N,
A. aurea (DC.) Beauverd (16) NC, WC, EC
ASTERACEAE Arctotis DICOTYLEDONS

leiocarpa Harv. × A. fastuosa Jacq. rogersii (S.Moore) Lewin

Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 700–900 m. Venidium rogersii S.Moore (7)
NC Perennial. Herb. Length? Alt? B
leptorhiza DC. rosea Less., not of Jacq. = A. stoechadifolia
A. breviscapa Thunb. (7) rotundifolia Lewin
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.22 m. Alt 25–609 m. WC Perennial. Suffrutex. Length? Alt 700–1200 m. WC
linearis Thunb. scapigera Thunb. = A. acaulis
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht? Alt? ‘Kap’ (7)
scariosa Aiton = Ursinia scariosa subsp. scariosa
macrosperma (DC.) Beauverd
Venidium macrospermum DC. (7) schlechteri Lewin
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 1220–2500 Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht? Alt ± 400 m. WC
m. WC scullyi Dummer
macrostylis Lewin = A. leiocarpa Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt? NC,
WC
maculata Jacq. = A. aspera var. aspera
semipapposa (DC.) Beauverd
maximiliani Schltr. ex Dinter = A. fastuosa Venidium semipapposum DC. (7)
melanocycla Willd. ex Harv. = A. auriculata Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 50–1370 m.
merxmuelleri Friedrich WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt sericea Thunb. = Ursinia sericea
10–30 m. NC serpens (S.Moore) Lewin
microcephala (DC.) Beauverd Venidium serpens S.Moore (7)
Venidium microcephalum DC. (7) Perennial. Herb. Length? Alt? B? (7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.6 m. Alt 610–3100 m. N, serrata L.f. = Ursinia serrata
NW, G, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
sessilifolia Lewin
microcephala S.Moore = A. leiocarpa Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht? Alt? WC
muricata Thunb. = A. bellidifolia setosa Lewin
namaquana Schltr. ex Lewin = A. auriculata Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC
nodosa Thunb. = Leucoptera nodosa speciosa Jacq. = A. acaulis
nudicaulis Thunb. = Ursinia nudicaulis splendens Muschl. = A. diffusa
oocephala DC. squarrosa Jacq. = A. laevis
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? WC stoechadifolia P.J.Bergius
paleacea L. = Ursinia paleacea A. decumbens Thunb. (14)
A. grandis Thunb. (14)
paleacea Thunb. = Ursinia subflosculosa A. rosea Less., not of Jacq. (7)
paniculata Jacq. = A. bellidifolia Perennial. Suffrutex. Length 0.2–1 m. Alt 0–1700 m.
parvifolia Schltr. = Haplocarpha parvifolia WC
pectinata Thunb. = Ursinia dentata stoechadifolia of author, not of P.J.Bergius, concept
invalid = A. venusta
perfoliata (Less.) Beauverd
Venidium cinerarium DC. (7) suffruticosa Lewin
Venidium perfoliatum Less. (7) Perennial. Suffrutex. Length? Alt ± 250 m. EC
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 122–610 m. sulcocarpa Lewin
WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 45–800 m. WC
petiolata Thunb. tenuifolia L. = Ursinia tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 0–765 m. WC, EC tenuifolia Poir. = Dimorphotheca nudicaulis var.
pilifera P.J.Bergius = Ursinia pilifera graminifolia
pinnata Thunb. = Ursinia pinnata tricolor Jacq.
pinnatifida Thunb. Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 175
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.39–0.6 m. Alt 100–330 m. m. WC
WC trifida Thunb. = Ursinia trifida forma trifida
populifolia P.J.Bergius = Arctotheca populifolia undulata Jacq.
prostrata Salisb. = Arctotheca prostrata Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 200–300 m. WC
punctata Thunb. = Ursinia punctata undulata Thunb. = A. cuprea
pusilla DC. venidioides DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.06 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC
revoluta DC. = A. candida venusta Norl.
A. stoechadifolia of author, not of P.J.Bergius, concept invalid (16)
revoluta Jacq. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.6 m. Alt 75–2000 m. N, B,
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 0–915 m. NC LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
rigida Burm.f. = Gazania rigida verbascifolia Harv. = Arctotheca populifolia
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Arctotis

virgata Jacq. ASPILIA Thouars 9195000

Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 0–6 m. Compiled by N. Netnou
EC
(1) Wild. 1966. Kirkia 5: 199–228.
(2) Wild. 1967. Kirkia 6: 39–48.
ARNICA L. 9396000 (3) Pooley. 1998. A field guide to wildflowers of KwaZulu-Natal and
cordata Thunb. = Gerbera cordata the eastern region: 318.
crenata Thunb. = Mairia crenata attrivittata Merxm. = A. eenii

crocea L. = Gerbera crocea brachyphylla S.Moore = A. pluriseta subsp. pluriseta
gerbera L. = Gerbera linnaei eenii S.Moore
A. attrivittata Merxm. (1)
grandis Thunb. = Oldenburgia grandis
Perennial. Shrub or herb. Ht 0.9–2 m. Alt 90–1400 m.
lanata Thunb. = Capelio tomentosa N
piloselloides L. = Gerbera piloselloides
eylesii S.Moore = Melanthera albinervia subsp. albi-
serrata Thunb. = Gerbera serrata nervia
tabularis Thunb. = Capelio tabularis mossambicensis (Oliv.) Wild
Wedelia diversipapposa S.Moore (1)
ARROWSMITHIA DC. 9058000 Wedelia mossambicensis Oliv. (1)
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 16–3020 m. N, B,
(1) Hilliard & Burtt. 1985. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden LIM, G, M, KZN
Edinburgh 42: 230, 231. natalensis (Sond.) Wild
(2) Anderberg. 1991. Opera Botanica 104: 50, 51, 53. A. welwitschii O.Hoffm. (1)
styphelioides DC. Wedelia natalensis Sond. (1)
Macowania styphelioides (DC.) Kroner (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 3–610 m. KZN,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 975–2135 EC
m. EC pluriseta Schweinf. subsp. pluriseta
A. brachyphylla S.Moore (1)
ARTEMISIA L. 9358000 A. vulgaris N.E.Br. (1)
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 310–1220 m. LIM
(1) Tutin et al. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 178–186. vulgaris N.E.Br. = A. pluriseta subsp. pluriseta
welwitschii O.Hoffm. = A. natalensis
afra Jacq. ex Willd.
Perennial. Shrub or herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 20–2440 m. ASTER L. 8900000
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
ambigua Thunb. = Seriphium plumosum (1) Linnaeus. 1761. Plantae rariores africanae: 22.
maderaspatana L. = Grangea maderaspatana (2) Lessing. 1832. Synopsis generum Compositarum: 167.
(3) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 69–84.
vermiculata L. = Seriphium plumosum (4) Bolus. 1907. Transactions of the South African Philosophical
Society 18: 379, 380.
*vulgaris L. (5) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 250.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt up to (6) Lippert. 1971. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
1000 m. EC München 9: 109–134.
(7) Lippert. 1973. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
ARTEMISIOPSIS S.Moore 8973000 München 11: 153–258.
(8) Hilliard & Burtt. 1976. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Edinburgh 34: 254.
(1) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 28. (9) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 59–67.
(2) Anderberg. 1991. Opera Botanica 104: 55. (10) Hilliard & Burtt. 1985. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
Edinburgh 42: 228, 229.
linearis S.Moore = A. villosa
adfinis Less. = Felicia dubia
villosa (O.Hoffm.) Schweick.
Amphidoxa lasiocephala O.Hoffm (1) adfinis Less. var. strictus (DC.) Harv. = Felicia amoena
Amphidoxa villosa O.Hoffm. (1) subsp. stricta
A. linearis S.Moore (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt up to 1100 m. N, B, aethiopicus Burm.f. = Felicia aethiopica subsp. aethio-
LIM pica
aethiopicus Burm.f. var. glandulosus Harv. = Felicia
ASAEMIA (Harv.) Harv. ex Benth. 9363000 aethiopica subsp. aethiopica
& Hook. amoenus (Sch.Bip.) Harv. = Felicia amoena subsp.
axillaris (Thunb.) Harv. ex Hoffm. = Athanasia minuta amoena
subsp. minuta ananthocladus Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
inermis E.Phillips = Athanasia minuta subsp. inermis Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1000–2500 m.
minuta (L.f.) K.Bremer subsp. inermis (E.Phillips) KZN
K.Bremer = Athanasia minuta subsp. inermis angustifolius Jacq. = Felicia hyssopifolia subsp. hysso-
minuta (L.f.) K.Bremer subsp. minuta = Athanasia pifolia
minuta subsp. minuta annectens Harv. = Felicia annectens
ASTERACEAE Arctotis DICOTYLEDONS

asper J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans = A. bakerianus dregei (DC.) Harv. var. dentata (DC.) Harv. = Felicia
bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. brevifolia
A. asper J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans (9) echinatus (Thunb.) Less. = Felicia echinata
A. bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. subsp. albiflorus Lippert (9)
A. bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. subsp. angustifolius Lippert (9) echinatus (Thunb.) Less. var. paralia (DC.) Harv. =
A. bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. subsp. intermedius Lippert (9) Felicia echinata
A. bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. subsp. ovalis Lippert (9)
A. bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. subsp. septentrionalis Lippert (9) ecklonis Less. = Felicia aethiopica subsp. ecklonis
A. grauii Lippert (9) elongatus Thunb. = Felicia elongata
A. hispidus (Thunb.) Baker (6, 9)
Calendula hispida Thunb. (6, 9) elongatus Thunb. var. barbiger (DC.) Harv. = Felicia
Diplopappus asper Less. (6, 9) hispida
Diplopappus natalensis Sch.Bip. (9)
Felicia asper Burtt Davy (9)
elongatus Thunb. var. candollei Harv. = Felicia nama-
quana
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.75 m. Alt 10–2285 m. G, M,
S, FS, KZN, L, EC elongatus Thunb. var. crassifolius Harv. = Felicia ovata
bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. subsp. albiflorus elongatus Thunb. var. pappei Harv. = Felicia minima
Lippert = A. bakerianus elongatus Thunb. var. spathulaefolius Harv. = Felicia
bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. subsp. angustifolius amoena subsp. amoena
Lippert = A. bakerianus elongatus Thunb. var. thunbergii Harv. = Felicia elongata
bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. subsp. intermedius elongatus Thunb. var. thunbergii Harv. in part = Felicia
Lippert = A. bakerianus hispida
bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. subsp. ovalis Lippert erigeroides (DC.) Harv. = Felicia erigeroides
= A. bakerianus erigeroides (DC.) Harv. var. schultesii Harv. = Felicia
bakerianus Burtt Davy ex C.A.Sm. subsp. septentrionalis erigeroides
Lippert = A. bakerianus erigeroides (DC.) Harv. var. trinervius (Turcz.) Harv. =
barbatus (DC.) Harv. = Felicia ovata Felicia erigeroides
bergerianus (Spreng.) Harv. = Felicia bergeriana erucifolius (Thell.) Lippert
bodkinii Compton = Felicia filifolia subsp. bodkinii A. pinnatifidus (Hook.) Kuntze (9)
Felicia erucifolia Thell. (7, 9)
bowiei Harv. Felicia pinnatifida J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans (7, 9)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 300–600 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Length 0.04–0.2 m. Alt 945–3355 m.
brevipedunculatus Hutch. = Felicia fruticosa subsp. FS, KZN, L, EC
brevipedunculata ficoideus (DC.) Harv. = Poecilolepis ficoidea
buchubergensis Dinter = Felicia hirsuta filifolius Vent. = Felicia filifolia subsp. filifolia
burkei Harv. = Felicia burkei
fruticosus L. = Felicia fruticosa subsp. fruticosa
caffrorum Less. = Microglossa caffrorum
fruticulosus Willd. = Felicia fruticosa subsp. fruticosa
candollei Harv. = Felicia cymbalarioides
grauii Lippert = A. bakerianus
capensis Less. var. rotundifolius (Thunb.) Harv. = Felicia
amelloides grossedentatus Dinter = Felicia brevifolia
charieis Less. = Felicia ovata harveyanus Kuntze
A. harveyanus Kuntze subsp. corymbosus Lippert (9)
comptonii Lippert A. harveyanus Kuntze subsp. gracilis Lippert (9)
A. peglerae Bolus var. longipes Thell. (7) A. harveyanus Kuntze subsp. robustus Lippert (9)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.25 m. Alt 914–1980 m. A. harveyanus Kuntze subsp. xylophyllus (Klatt) Lippert (9)
LIM, M, S A. serrulatus Harv. var. xylophyllus Klatt (9)
A. xylophyllus Klatt (9)
confertifolius Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Diplopappus serrulatus Harv. (7, 9)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 2100–2250 m. Felicia serrulata (Harv.) Burtt Davy (9)
KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 60–2075 m. LIM,
confusus Harv. = Felicia hirsuta NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
crenatus (Thunb.) Less. = Mairia crenata harveyanus Kuntze subsp. corymbosus Lippert = A. har-
veyanus
crinitus L. = Athrixia crinita
harveyanus Kuntze subsp. gracilis Lippert = A. harvey-
crinitus Thunb., not of L. = Athrixia capensis
anus
cymbalariae Aiton = Felicia cymbalariae subsp. cym-
harveyanus Kuntze subsp. robustus Lippert = A. harvey-
balariae
anus
cymbalariae Aiton var. ionops Harv. = Felicia cym-
harveyanus Kuntze subsp. xylophyllus (Klatt) Lippert =
balariae subsp. ionops
A. harveyanus
demissus Harv. = Felicia diffusa subsp. diffusa
heterophyllus Thunb. = Athrixia heterophylla subsp.
dentatus Thunb. = Felicia australis heterophylla
discoideus Sond. = Chrysocoma ciliata hirsutus (Vent.) Harv. = Felicia cymbalariae subsp. cym-
dregei (DC.) Harv. = Felicia dregei balariae
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Aster

hirtus (DC.) Harv. = Felicia aculeata petiolatus Harv. = Felicia petiolata

hirtus Thunb. = Felicia hirta pinnatifidus (Hook.) Kuntze = A. erucifolius
hispidus (Thunb.) Baker = A. bakerianus pleiocephalus (Harv.) Hutch.
Diplopappus asper Less. var. pleiocephalus Harv. (7, 9)
hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius = Felicia hyssopifolia subsp.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.35–0.75 m. Alt 900–2500 m. FS,
hyssopifolia
KZN
hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius var. canescens Harv. = Chry- polifolius L. = Printzia polifolia
socoma rigidula
pseudobakeranus Lippert
hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius var. canus (DC.) Harv. = Felicia Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 600–1220 m. S
cana
quinquenervius Klatt = Felicia quinquenervia
hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius var. hirtus (Thunb.) Harv. =
Felicia hirta reflexus L. = Polyarrhena reflexa subsp. reflexa
hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius var. linifolius Harv. = Felicia reflexus L. var. brachyphyllus Sond. ex Harv. = Poly-
zeyheri subsp. linifolia arrhena reflexa subsp. brachyphylla
hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius var. rigidulus (DC.) Harv. = rotundifolius Thunb. = Felicia amelloides
Chrysocoma rigidula rufibarbis Harv. = Felicia burkei
imbricatus (DC.) Harv. = Polyarrhena imbricata scabridus (DC.) E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond. = Felicia sca-
imbricatus L. = Polyarrhena reflexa subsp. reflexa brida
kraussii (Sch.Bip.) Harv. = Felicia aethiopica subsp. scabridus (DC.) E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond. var. brevi-
aethiopica folius (DC.) Harv. = Felicia brevifolia
laevigatus (Sond.) Kuntze schaeferi Dinter = Felicia filifolia subsp. schaeferi
Diplopappus laevigatus Sond. (7) schlechteri Compton = Felicia filifolia subsp. schlechteri
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.35 m. Alt? EC serratus Thunb. = Felicia serrata
lasiocarpus (DC.) Harv. = Felicia lasiocarpa serrulatus Harv. var. densus Harv. = Felicia hyssopifo-
leiocarpus (DC.) Harv. = Zyrphelis montana lia subsp. polyphylla
linifolius Harv. = Felicia linifolia serrulatus Harv. var. glaber (DC.) Harv. = Felicia hys-
luteus (N.E.Br.) Hutch. = Felicia mossamedensis sopifolia subsp. glabra
lydenburgensis Lippert serrulatus Harv. var. polyphyllus Harv. = Felicia hys-
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.65 m. Alt 730–2135 m. M, sopifolia subsp. polyphylla
FS, KZN serrulatus Harv. var. setosus Harv. = Felicia zeyheri
macrorrhizus Thunb. = Felicia macrorrhiza subsp. zeyheri
mespilifolius Less. = Microglossa mespilifolia serrulatus Harv. var. xylophyllus Klatt = A. harveyanus
microspermus (DC.) Harv. = Felicia microsperma simulans Harv. = Felicia hyssopifolia subsp. glabra
minimus Hutch. = Felicia minima *squamatus (Spreng.) Hieron.
muricatus Thunb. = Felicia muricata subsp. muricata Conyza squamata Spreng. (9)
muricatus Thunb. var. chrysocomoides Sond. = Felicia Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–2 m. Alt 5–1525 m. N, B, LIM,
muricata subsp. muricata NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
muricatus Thunb. var. fascicularis (DC.) E.Mey. ex Harv. strigosus (A.Spreng.) Harv. = Felicia ovata
= Felicia fascicularis strigosus Thunb. = Amellus strigosus subsp. strigosus
namaquanus Harv. = Felicia namaquana taxifolius L. = Zyrphelis taxifolia
natalensis (Sch.Bip.) Harv. = Felicia rosulata tenellus L. = Felicia tenella subsp. tenella
nubimontis Lippert tenellus L. var. cotuloides (DC.) Harv. = Felicia tenella
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.3 m. Alt 1000– subsp. cotuloides
1120 m. LIM tenellus L. var. glaber Harv. = Felicia australis
obtusatus Thunb. = Chrysocoma obtusata
tenellus L. var. longifolius (DC.) Harv. = Felicia tenella
oppositifolius L. = Felicia cymbalariae subsp. cymba- subsp. longifolia
lariae
tenellus L. var. pusillus Harv. = Felicia tenella subsp.
pappei Harv. = Felicia amoena subsp. amoena pusilla
papposus Willd. ex Spreng. = Printzia polifolia
tenellus L. var. robustus Harv. = Felicia tenella subsp.
peglerae Bolus tenella
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 1200–1951 m. NW,
G, M tener (DC.) Harv. = Felicia tenera
peglerae Bolus var. longipes Thell. = A. comptonii tricolor (Nees) Harv. = Felicia elongata
perezioides Less. = Zyrphelis perezioides uliginosus J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans = Felicia uliginosa
perfoliatus Oliv. venustus Fourc. = Felicia linifolia
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.6 m. Alt 305–2440 m. FS, villosus Thunb. in part = Felicia hyssopifolia subsp.
KZN, L, EC hyssopifolia
ASTERACEAE Aster DICOTYLEDONS

villosus Thunb. in part = Felicia muricata subsp. muri- coronopifolia Harv. = Inulanthera coronopifolia
cata crenata (L.) L.
westae Fourc. = Felicia westae A. ebracteata E.Mey. ex DC. (10)
A. oligocephala (DC.) Harv. (10)
woodii Klatt = Felicia quinquenervia A. oligocephala (DC.) Harv. var. hirsuta (DC.) Harv. (10)
worcesterensis Kuntze = Polyarrhena imbricata Eclopes centauroides (L.) DC. (10)
Relhania centauroides (L.) Harv. (10)
xylophyllus Klatt = A. harveyanus Santolina crenata L. (10)
zeyheri Less. = Felicia zeyheri subsp. zeyheri Staehelina centauroides L. (10)
zuluensis Lippert Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt 61–1000 m. WC
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 300– crithmifolia (L.) L. subsp. crithmifolia
305 m. KZN Santolina crithmifolia L. (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.75–2 m. Alt 5–1100 m. WC
ASTEROPTERUS L. 9052020 crithmifolia (L.) L. subsp. palmatifida (DC.) Källersjö
dinteri Rothm. = Leysera gnaphalodes A. hameri E.Phillips (10)
A. palmatifida DC. (10)
gnaphalodes (L.) Rothm. = Leysera gnaphalodes Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 914–1220 m. WC
gracilis Rothm. = Leysera gnaphalodes
cuneifolia Lam.
incanus (Thunb.) Rothm. = Leysera gnaphalodes A. obtusa Compton (10)
tenellus (DC.) Rothm. = Leysera tenella Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt up to 2000 m.
WC
ATHANASIA L. 9326000 cuneiformis DC. = A. trifurcata
dentata (L.) L.
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 187–199. A. aspera Thunb. (10)
(2) Bolus. 1906. Transactions of the South African Philosophical A. dentata L. var. pachyphylla (Sch.Bip.) Harv. (10)
Society 16: 387. A. dentata L. var. subintegrifolia Harv. (10)
(3) Druce. 1917. Report of the Botanical Exchange Club of the A. laevigata (L.) L. (10)
British Isles 1916: 607. A. recurvifolia Salisb. (10)
(4) Hutchinson. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum 9: 387, Morysia aspera (Thunb.) Less. (10)
388. Morysia dentata (L.) DC. (10)
(5) Phillips. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum 9: 345. Morysia dentata (L.) DC. var. kraussii Sch.Bip. (10)
(6) Compton. 1944. Journal of South African Botany 10: 6–8. Morysia diversifolia Cass. (10)
(7) Killick. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1699. Morysia pachyphylla Sch.Bip. (10)
(8) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 340. Santolina dentata L. (10)
(9) Källersjö. 1986. Nordic Journal of Botany 5: 530–533. Santolina laevigata L. (10)
(10) Källersjö. 1991. Opera Botanica 106: 5–75.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 15–1450 m. WC,
acerosa (DC.) Harv. = Phymaspermum acerosum EC
adenantha (Harv.) Källersjö dentata L. var. pachyphylla (Sch.Bip.) Harv. = A. den-
A. oligocephala (DC.) Harv. var. adenantha Harv. (10) tata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt up to 500 m. WC
dentata L. var. subintegrifolia Harv. = A. dentata
alba Källersjö
dimorpha DC. = A. quinquedentata subsp. quinque-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? WC
dentata
aspera Thunb. = A. dentata
dimorpha DC. var. minor Harv. = A. quinquedentata
bremeri Källersjö subsp. quinquedentata
Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt
dimorpha DC. var. obovata Harv. = A. quinquedentata
1000–1500 m. WC
subsp. quinquedentata
calophylla Källersjö dregeana (DC.) Harv. = Inulanthera dregeana
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt up to 1220 m. WC
ebracteata E.Mey. ex DC. = A. crenata
calva Hutch. = Inulanthera calva
ebracteata E.Mey. ex DC. var. araneosa DC. = A. flex-
canescens Thunb. = A. pubescens uosa
capitata (L.) L.
A. capitata (L.) L. var. glabrata Harv. (10) elsiae Källersjö
A. lanuginosa Cav. (10) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 1500–
A. punctata P.J.Bergius (10) 2000 m. WC
Holophyllum capitatum (L.) Less. (10)
Holophyllum capitatum (L.) Less. var. glabratum DC. (10) eriopoda DC. = A. pachycephala subsp. eriopoda
Holophyllum lanuginosum (Cav.) DC. (10) eriopoda DC. var. depauperata DC. = A. pachycephala
Holophyllum scabrum DC. (10) subsp. pachycephala
Pristocarpha capitata E.Mey. ex DC. (10)
Santolina capitata L. (10) fasciculata (Less.) D.Dietr. = A. vestita
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 0–500 m. WC filiformis L.f.
A. cinerea L.f. (10)
capitata (L.) L. var. glabrata Harv. = A. capitata A. filiformis L.f. var. cinerea (L.f.) Harv. (10)
cinerea L.f. = A. filiformis Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 0–1500 m. WC, EC
cochlearifolia Källersjö filiformis L.f. var. cinerea (L.f.) Harv. = A. filiformis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt up to 100 m. WC flexuosa E.Mey. ex DC. = A. microcephala
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Aster

flexuosa Thunb. Asaemia inermis E.Phillips (10)

A. ebracteata E.Mey. ex DC. var. araneosa DC. (10) Asaemia minuta (L.f.) K.Bremer subsp. inermis (E.Phillips)
A. flexuosa Thunb. var. tomentella Hutch. (10) K.Bremer (10)
A. glabrescens DC. (10) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 1000
A. oligocephala (DC.) Harv. var. araneosa (DC.) Harv. (10) m. WC
A. oligocephala (DC.) Harv. var. brachypoda (DC.) Harv. (10)
A. tomentella Hutch. (10) minuta (L.f.) Källersjö subsp. minuta
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 500–1500 m. NC, WC Asaemia axillaris (Thunb.) Harv. ex Hoffm. (10)
Asaemia minuta (L.f.) K.Bremer subsp. minuta (10)
flexuosa Thunb. var. tomentella Hutch. = A. flexuosa Nestlera minuta (L.f.) DC. (10)
genistifolia L. = Oedera genistifolia Pteronia geigerioides Muschl. ex Dinter (10)
Pteronia minuta L.f. (10)
glabra Thunb. = A. trifurcata Stilpnophyton axillare (Thunb.) Less. (10)
glabrescens DC. = A. flexuosa Tanacetum axillare Thunb. (10)
grandiceps Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 1500–2000 m. 350–1500 m. N, NC, WC, EC
KZN montana J.M.Wood = Inulanthera montana
hameri E.Phillips = A. crithmifolia subsp. palmatifida mundtii Harv. = A. quinquedentata subsp. quinque-
hirsuta Thunb. dentata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1000–1500 m. WC natalensis Schltr. = Phymaspermum acerosum
humilis Källersjö obtusa Compton = A. cuneifolia
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1000–1500 m. oligocephala (DC.) Harv. = A. crenata
WC
oligocephala (DC.) Harv. var. adenantha Harv. = A.
imbricata Harv. adenantha
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt 500–1000 m. WC
oligocephala (DC.) Harv. var. araneosa (DC.) Harv. =
incisa (DC.) Harv. = Hymenolepis incisa A. flexuosa
indivisa Harv. = Hymenolepis indivisa oligocephala (DC.) Harv. var. brachypoda (DC.) Harv.
inopinata (Hutch.) Källersjö = A. flexuosa
Stilpnophyton inopinatum Hutch. (10)
oligocephala (DC.) Harv. var. hirsuta (DC.) Harv. = A.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt up to 500 m. WC crenata
juncea (DC.) D.Dietr. oocephala (DC.) Källersjö
Morysia juncea DC. (10)
Stilpnophyton oocephalum DC. (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.35–1.5 m. Alt 30–1500 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 152–610 m. WC
laevigata (L.) L. = A. dentata pachycephala DC. subsp. eriopoda (DC.) Källersjö
lanuginosa Cav. = A. capitata A. eriopoda DC. (10)
leptocephala Källersjö Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1000–
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 0–500 m. WC 1500 m. WC
leucoclada (DC.) Harv. = Inulanthera leucoclada pachycephala DC. subsp. pachycephala
A. eriopoda DC. var. depauperata DC. (10)
linifolia Burm. Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 550–
A. linifolia L.f. (10)
A. longifolia Lam. (10) 1500 m. WC
Morysia longifolia (Lam.) Less. (10) palmatifida DC. = A. crithmifolia subsp. palmatifida
Stilpnophyton linifolium (L.f.) Less. (10)
Stilpnophyton linifolium (L.f.) Less. var. longifolium (Thunb.) Harv. (10) parviflora L. = Hymenolepis parviflora
Stilpnophyton longifolium (Thunb.) Less. (10) pauciflora (DC.) D.Dietr. = A. microcephala
Tanacetum linifolium (L.f.) Thunb. (10)
Tanacetum longifolium Thunb. (10) pectinata L.f.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.5 m. Alt 90–1370 m. WC Morysia lineariloba DC. (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt up to 500 m. WC
linifolia Harv., illegitimate name = A. microcephala
pinnata L.f.
linifolia L.f. = A. linifolia
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 550–1065 m. EC
longifolia Lam. = A. linifolia
pinnatifida (Oliv.) Hilliard = Phymaspermum pinnati-
microcephala (DC.) D.Dietr. fidum
A. flexuosa E.Mey. ex DC. (10)
A. linifolia Harv., illegitimate name (10) pubescens (L.) L.
A. pauciflora (DC.) D.Dietr. (10) A. canescens Thunb. (10)
Morysia microcephala DC. (10) Santolina pubescens L. (10)
Morysia pauciflora DC. (10) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 15–970 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.75–1.5 m. Alt 250–1676 m. pumila L.f. = Rhynchopsidium pumilum
NC, WC, EC
punctata P.J.Bergius = A. capitata
microphylla DC.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 1000– punctata (DC.) Harv. = Inulanthera dregeana
1500 m. WC quinquedentata Thunb. subsp. quinquedentata
A. dimorpha DC. (10)
minuta (L.f.) Källersjö subsp. inermis (E.Phillips) A. dimorpha DC. var. minor Harv. (10)
Källersjö A. dimorpha DC. var. obovata Harv. (10)
ASTERACEAE Athanasia DICOTYLEDONS

A. mundtii Harv. (10) A. fasciculata (Less.) D.Dietr. (10)

A. rotundifolia DC. (10) Morysia fasciculata Less. (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 15–1000 m. WC, Tanacetum vestitum Thunb. (10)
EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 185–1405 m. WC
quinquedentata Thunb. subsp. rigens Källersjö villosa Hilliard = Phymaspermum villosum
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 0–500 m. WC virgata Jacq.
A. trifurcata (L.) L. var. virgata (Jacq.) Harv. (10)
recurvifolia Salisb. = A. dentata Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 900–1500 m. WC,
rotundifolia DC. = A. quinquedentata subsp. quinque- EC
dentata virgata Jacq. var. glabra (Thunb.) DC. = A. trifurcata
rugulosa E.Mey. ex DC. viridis Källersjö
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt up to 100 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 1000–1300 m.
scabra Thunb. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 500–1000 m. woodii (Thell.) Hilliard = Phymaspermum woodii
WC
scariosa DC. = A. trifurcata ATHRIXIA Ker Gawl. 9055000
schizolepis Harv. = Hymenolepis dentata
(1) Lessing. 1832. Synopsis generum Compositarum.
sertulifera DC. (2) Phillips. 1925. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 5: t. 195.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 0–500 m. WC (3) Kroner. 1980. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
München 16: 46–101, 146–196.
sessiliflora L.f. = Rhynchopsidium sessiliflorum (4) Hilliard & Burtt. 1985. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
spathulata (DC.) D.Dietr. Edinburgh 42: 230, 231.
Morysia spathulata DC. (10) (5) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 670–840 m. NC d’Afrique tropicale 4: 252.
angustissima DC.
speciosa Hutch. = Hymenolepis speciosa
thodei Bolus = Inulanthera thodei KZN, L, NC, EC
tomentella Hutch. = A. flexuosa arachnoidea J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans ex J.M.Wood
tomentosa Thunb. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.35 m. Alt 505–2200
A. velutina (DC.) D.Dietr. (10) m. M, KZN
Morysia velutina DC. (10)
asteroides Bolus & Schltr. = Lepidostephium aster-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 305–1370 m. WC, oides
EC
capensis Ker Gawl.
tricuspis Poir. = A. trifurcata Aster crinitus Thunb., not of L. (3)
tridens Oliv. = Inulanthera tridens Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt 100–670
m. WC, EC
tridentata Salisb. = A. trifurcata
capensis Ker Gawl. var. latifolia DC. = A. crinita
trifurcata (L.) L. crinita (L.) Druce
A. cuneiformis DC. (10) Aster crinitus L. (3)
A. glabra Thunb. (10) A. capensis Ker Gawl. var. latifolia DC. (3)
A. scariosa DC. (10) A. glandulosa Kunth (3)
A. tricuspis Poir. (10)
A. tridentata Salisb. (10) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 500–800
A. trifurcata (L.) L. var. cuneiformis (DC.) Harv. (10) m. WC
A. trifurcata (L.) L. var. glabra (Thunb.) Harv. (10) drakensbergensis Thell. = A. fontana
A. trifurcata (L.) L. var. thunbergii Harv. (10)
A. trifurcata (L.) L. var. tricuspis (Poir.) DC. (10) elata Sond.
A. virgata Jacq. var. glabra (Thunb.) DC. (10) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 400–2700
Santolina trifurcata L. (10) m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, L
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 30–1366 m. WC, EC felicioides Hiern = Nicolasia felicioides
trifurcata (L.) L. var. cuneiformis (DC.) Harv. = A. tri- fontana MacOwan
furcata A. drakensbergensis Thell. (3)
trifurcata (L.) L. var. glabra (Thunb.) Harv. = A. tri- Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.52 m. Alt 730–3000 m. M,
furcata FS, KZN, L, EC
trifurcata (L.) L. var. thunbergii Harv. = A. trifurcata gerrardii Harv.
trifurcata (L.) L. var. tricuspis (Poir.) DC. = A. trifur- m. M, KZN, EC
cata
glandulosa Kunth = A. crinita
trifurcata (L.) L. var. virgata (Jacq.) Harv. = A. virgata
heterophylla (Thunb.) Less. subsp. heterophylla
triloba Klatt = Anisopappus pinnatifidus Aster heterophyllus Thunb. (3)
turbinata Burtt Davy = Gymnopentzia bifurcata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 90–1500 m.
WC
uniflora L.f. = Oedera uniflora
heterophylla (Thunb.) Less. subsp. sessilifolia (DC.)
velutina (DC.) D.Dietr. = A. tomentosa Kroner
vestita (Thunb.) Druce A. sessilifolia DC. (3)
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Athanasia

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 90–2250 Annual. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt? N, B

m. WC, EC
phylicoides DC.
BASTERIA Houtt. 9438030
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 15–2000 m. LIM, G, aculeata Houtt. = Cullumia aculeata var. aculeata
M, S, FS, KZN, EC
pinifolia N.E.Br. = Macowania pinifolia BELLIDIASTRUM Less. 9099010
sessilifolia DC. = A. heterophylla subsp. sessilifolia osmitoides Less. = Osmitopsis osmitoides
tomentosa (Thunb.) Less. = Amphiglossa tomentosa BERKHEYA Ehrh. 9438000
ATRACTYLIS L. 9450000 Compiled by E. Retief
(1) Roessler. 1959. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
angustifolia Houtt. = Berkheya angustifolia München 3: 104–332.
fruticosa L. = Berkheya fruticosa (2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 30–33.
ATRICHANTHA Hilliard & 9045010 (4) Hilliard & Burtt. 1985. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
Edinburgh 42: 229, 230.
B.L.Burtt (5) Hilliard. 1989. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
Compiled by M. Koekemoer 45: 183–185.
(6) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 237–246.
(1) Hilliard & Burtt. 1981. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 82: (7) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 293–295.
181–232. (8) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 309, 310.
elsiae Hilliard = Hydroidea elsiae acanthopoda (DC.) Roessler
gemmifera (Bolus) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Stobaea acanthopoda DC. (1)
Helichrysum gemmiferum Bolus (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 100–1310 m. KZN,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1000– EC
1900 m. WC adlami Hook.f. = B. radula
*BACCHARIS L. 8933000 alba E.Phillips = B. cirsiifolia
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman amplexicaulis O.Hoffm. = B. erysithales
(1) Burkart. 1974. Flora Ilustrada de Entre Rios (Argentina) 6: angusta Schltr.
249–251, 280, 281. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt ± 500 m. WC
ilicifolia Lam. = Brachylaena ilicifolia angustifolia (Houtt.) Merr.
ivaefolia L. = Conyza scabrida Atractylis angustifolia Houtt. (1)
B. lanceolata (Thunb.) Willd. (1)
neriifolia L. = Brachylaena neriifolia
ovalis Pers. = Pluchea ovalis m. S, WC, EC
pingraea DC.
Conyza montevidensis Spreng. (1) annectens Harv.
Crocodilodes annectens (Harv.) Kuntze (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 660–671 m. KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 700–1065
ulmifolia Burm.f. = Conyza ulmifolia m. N, NC, WC
BACCHAROIDES Moench 8751040 arctiifolia O.Hoffm. = B. montana
Compiled by N. Netnou armata (Vahl) Druce
B. carthamoides (Thunb.) Willd. (1)
(1) Robinson. 1990. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Rohria armata Vahl (1)
Washington 103: 248−253. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 45–1220 m. LIM,
(2) Isawumi. 1993. Feddes Repertorium 104: 309−326.
(3) Isawumi et al. 1996. Grana 35: 205−230. M, WC
adoensis (Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) H.Rob. var. kotschyana asteroides (L.f.) Druce = B. fruticosa
(Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) Isawumi, El-Ghazaly & B.Nord. barbata (L.f.) Hutch.
Vernonia adoensis Sch.Bip. ex Walp. var. kotschyana (Sch.Bip. ex B. grandiflora (Thunb.) Willd. (1)
Walp.) G.V.Pope (3) B. ilicifolia (Vahl) Druce (1)
Vernonia leptolepis Baker (3) Gorteria barbata L.f. (1)
Vernonia woodii O.Hoffm. (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 155–610
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3−3 m. Alt 550−1420 m. LIM, m. WC
M, S, KZN
bergiana Söderb.
adoensis (Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) H.Rob. var. mossambiquen- Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 30–1615 m. KZN, EC
sis (Steetz) Isawumi, El-Ghazaly & B.Nord.
Vernonia adoensis Sch.Bip. ex Walp. var. mossambiquensis (Steetz) bilabiata N.E.Br. = B. montana
G.V.Pope (3) bipinnatifida (Harv.) Roessler subsp. bipinnatifida
Vernonia fulviseta S.Moore (3) Stobaea bipinnatifida Harv. (1)
Vernonia mossambiquensis (Steetz) Oliv. & Hiern (3) Stobaea seminivea DC. (1)
Vernonia shirensis Oliv. & Hiern (3)
Vernonia whyteana Britten (3) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 10–1370 m. LIM,
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 3 m. Alt? ‘TV’ KZN, EC
anthelmintica (L.) Moench bipinnatifida (Harv.) Roessler subsp. echinopsoides
Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. (3) (Baker) Roessler
Vernonia stenolepis Oliv. (3) B. echinopsoides Baker (1)
ASTERACEAE Athrixia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 300–1525 m. LIM, cousinioides S.Moore = B. mackenii

M, S, KZN cruciata (Houtt.) Willd. subsp. cruciata
bisulca (Thunb.) Willd. = Cullumia bisulca Gorteria cruciata Houtt. (1)
Stobaea cruciata (Houtt.) Harv. (1)
buphthalmoides (DC.) Schltr. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 825–1495 m. WC,
Stobaea buphthalmoides DC. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 516–2165 m. L, EC EC
caffra MacOwan cruciata (Houtt.) Willd. subsp. subintegra Roessler
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt ± 765 m. KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 350–1065 m. WC,
EC
canescens DC.
B. corymbosa DC. (1) cuneata (Thunb.) Willd.
B. halenbergensis Dinter ex Range (1) Rohria cuneata Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 530–1035 m. N, Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 215–580 m.
NC WC
cardopatifolia (DC.) Roessler cynaroides (Vahl) Willd. = B. herbacea
B. lignosa Compton (3) debilis MacOwan
B. pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. minor Harv. (3) Perennial. Herb, graminoid. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 600–1830
Stobaea cardopatifolia DC. (3)
m. KZN, EC
EC debilis of authors, concept invalid = B. erysithales
carduiformis DC. = B. carduoides decurrens (Thunb.) Willd.
B. echinopoda (DC.) Schönland (1)
carduoides (Less.) Hutch. B. glabriuscula (DC.) Schönland (1)
B. carduiformis DC. (1) B. membranifolia (DC.) F.T.Hubb. (1)
Stephanocoma carduoides Less. (1) B. petiolata (DC.) Schönland (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 15–1463 m. WC, B. polyacantha (DC.) Schönland (1)
EC Rohria decurrens Thunb. (1)
Stobaea echinopoda DC. (1)
carlinifolia (DC.) Roessler subsp. carlinifolia Stobaea glabriuscula DC. (1)
B. excelsa Hutch. (1) Stobaea helianthiflora DC. (1)
Stobaea carlinaefolia DC. (1) Stobaea membranifolia DC. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 520–1525 m. WC, Stobaea petiolata DC. (1)
EC Stobaea polyacantha DC. (1)
Stobaea scolymoides DC. (1)
carlinifolia (DC.) Roessler subsp. promontorii Roess- Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 15–1675 m. EC
ler
Stobaea pinnatifida of author, not of Thunb., concept invalid (1) densifolia Bohnen ex Roessler
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 100–260 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.35 m. Alt ± 1800 m. LIM,
M
carlinoides (Vahl) Willd.
B. ecklonis Harv. (1) discolor (DC.) O.Hoffm. & Muschl.
B. pungens (Thunb.) Willd. (1) B. kuntzei O.Hoffm. (1)
Rohria carlinoides Vahl (1) B. microcephala (DC.) R.A.Dyer (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 170–730 m. WC, B. polyacantha S.Moore (1)
B. spinulosa N.E.Br. (1)
EC Stobaea acarnoides DC. (1)
carlinopsis Welw. ex O.Hoffm. subsp. magalismon- Stobaea discolor DC. (1)
tana (Bolus) Roessler Stobaea microcephala DC. (1)
B. magalismontana Bolus (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 460–2045 m. NW,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1.52 m. Alt 850–1830 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
LIM, NW, G draco Roessler
carthamoides (Thunb.) Willd. = B. armata Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 1 m. Alt ± 2135 m. KZN
chamaepeuce (S.Moore) Roessler dregei Harv.
Crocodilodes chamaepeuce S.Moore (1) Crocodilodes dregei (Harv.) Kuntze (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 700–1405 m. N, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt ± 1077 m.
WC
ciliaris (L.) Willd. = Cullumia ciliaris subsp. ciliaris
echinacea (Harv.) O.Hoffm. ex Burtt Davy subsp. echi-
cirsiifolia (DC.) Roessler nacea
B. alba E.Phillips (1) Stobaea echinacea Harv. (1)
Stobaea cirsiifolia DC. (1) Stobaea gerrardii Harv. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 2000–3200 m. FS, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 460–2440 m. LIM,
KZN, L, EC M, S, FS, KZN
coddii Roessler echinopoda (DC.) Schönland = B. decurrens
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 820–1377 m. M, S echinopsoides Baker = B. bipinnatifida subsp. echi-
coriacea Harv. nopsoides
Crocodilodes coriaceum (Harv.) Kuntze (1) ecklonis Harv. = B. carlinoides
eriobasis (DC.) Roessler
WC Stobaea eriobasis DC. (1)
corymbosa DC. = B. canescens Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 945–1005 m. NC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Berkheya

eryngiifolia Less. = Heterorhachis aculeata insignis (Harv.) Thell.

B. subulata J.M.Wood, not of Harv., concept invalid (1)
erysithales (DC.) Roessler Stobaea insignis Harv. (1)
B. amplexicaulis O.Hoffm. (1)
B. debilis of authors, concept invalid (7) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.5 m. Alt 155–2100 m.
B. sonchifolia (Harv.) MacOwan (1) LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
Stobaea erysithales DC. (1) kuntzei O.Hoffm. = B. discolor
Stobaea sonchifolia Harv. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 5–1220 m. S, KZN, lanceolata (Thunb.) Willd. = B. angustifolia
EC latifolia J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
evansii Schltr. = B. rhapontica subsp. aristosa var. exa-
M, S, FS, KZN
lata
leucaugeta Hilliard
excelsa Hutch. = B. carlinifolia subsp. carlinifolia
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt ± 2040 m. KZN
ferox O.Hoffm. var. ferox lignosa Compton = B. cardopatifolia
B. palmata Dinter, not of Willd., concept invalid (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 900–1720 m. N, B mackenii (Harv.) Roessler
B. cousinioides S.Moore (1)
ferox O.Hoffm. var. glandulosa Roessler Stobaea mackenii Harv. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt ± 1700 m. N Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 1173–1600 m. M,
ferox O.Hoffm. var. pseudodidelta Roessler KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 1.2 m. Alt ± 1100 m. NC macrocephala J.M.Wood
ferox O.Hoffm. var. tomentosa Roessler Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1700–3200 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1 m. Alt 900–1190 m. NC KZN, L, EC
francisci Bolus magalismontana Bolus = B. carlinopsis subsp. magal-
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ± 1800 m. WC ismontana
fruticosa (L.) Ehrh. maritima J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
Atractylis fruticosa L. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 2 m. Alt 45–1564 m. KZN, EC
B. asteroides (L.f.) Druce (1) membranifolia (DC.) F.T.Hubb. = B. decurrens
B. incana (Thunb.) Willd. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 75–1000 m. NC, EC microcephala (DC.) R.A.Dyer = B. discolor
milleriana Bolus
gazanioides Harv. = Hirpicium gazanioides
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.8 m. Alt ± 1525 m. S
glabrata (Thunb.) Fourc. montana J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
Stobaea glabrata Thunb. (1)
B. arctiifolia O.Hoffm. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.3 m. Alt 819–1585 m. NC, B. bilabiata N.E.Br. (1)
WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 395–2250 m. S, FS,
glabriuscula (DC.) Schönland = B. decurrens KZN, L
gorterioides Oliv. & Hiern = Hirpicium gorterioides multijuga (DC.) Roessler
subsp. gorterioides Stobaea grandifolia DC. (1)
Stobaea multijuga DC. (1)
grandiflora (Thunb.) Willd. = B. barbata Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 730–2895 m. FS,
grandiflora Willd. var. alternifolia E.Phillips = B. rosu- KZN, L, EC
lata nivea N.E.Br.
griquana Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt ± 1200 m. M
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1 m. Alt ± 2200 m. KZN obovata (Thunb.) Willd. = B. spinosa
halenbergensis Dinter ex Range = B. canescens
onobromoides (DC.) O.Hoffm. & Muschl. var. carli-
herbacea (L.f.) Druce noides (Thunb.) Roessler
B. cynaroides (Vahl) Willd. (1) Stobaea atractyloides (L.) Thunb. var. carlinoides (Thunb.) DC. (1)
B. scolymoides DC. (1)
Gorteria herbacea L.f. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 220–1300 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 60–1065 m. EC onobromoides (DC.) O.Hoffm. & Muschl. var. ono-
heterophylla (Thunb.) O.Hoffm. var. heterophylla bromoides
Stobaea onobromoides DC. (1)
Stobaea biloba DC. (1)
Stobaea heterophylla Thunb. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1000–1138 m. NC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 15–975 m. WC, EC onopordifolia (DC.) O.Hoffm. ex Burtt Davy var.
heterophylla (Thunb.) O.Hoffm. var. radiata (DC.) glabra Bohnen ex Roessler
Roessler Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 45–1435 m. S, KZN,
Stobaea heterophylla Thunb. var. radiata DC. (1) EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 60–460 m. WC, EC onopordifolia (DC.) O.Hoffm. ex Burtt Davy var. ono-
hispida (L.f.) Willd. = Cullumia aculeata var. aculeata pordifolia
Stobaea onopordifolia DC. (1)
horrida Muschl. = B. spinosissima subsp. spinosissima
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 303–2135 m. NW, G,
ilicifolia (Vahl) Druce = B. barbata M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
incana (Thunb.) Willd. = B. fruticosa oppositifolia (DC.) Hutch. = B. spinosissima subsp.
ingrata Bolus = B. pinnatifida subsp. ingrata namaensis var. namaensis
ASTERACEAE Berkheya DICOTYLEDONS

oppositifolia Range = B. spinosissima subsp. spinosis- rhapontica (DC.) Hutch. & Burtt Davy subsp. platyp-
sima tera (Harv.) Roessler
B. platyptera (Harv.) O.Hoffm. (1)
palmata Dinter, not of Willd., concept invalid = B. ferox Stobaea platyptera Harv. (1)
var. ferox Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–1.2 m. Alt 730–1830 m. S,
palmata (Thunb.) Willd. = Heterorhachis aculeata KZN, EC
pannosa Hilliard rhapontica (DC.) Hutch. & Burtt Davy subsp. rhapontica
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 1525–2164 m. KZN, Stobaea rhapontica DC. (1)
EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–1.2 m. Alt 5–2420 m. G, M,
patula (Thunb.) Willd. = Cullumia patula subsp. patula S, FS, KZN, L, EC
pauciflora Roessler rigida (Thunb.) Bolus & Wolley-Dod ex Adamson &
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt ± 1260 m. LIM, M T.M.Salter
Stobaea rigida Thunb. (1)
pectinata (Thunb.) Willd. = Cullumia pectinata Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 1–1675 m. FS,
petiolata (DC.) Schönland = B. decurrens KZN, WC
pinnata (Thunb.) Less. = Heterorhachis aculeata robusta Bohnen ex Roessler
pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. minor Harv. = B. cardopati- Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 5–1936 m. LIM, M, S,
folia KZN, EC
pinnatifida (Thunb.) Thell. subsp. ingrata (Bolus) Roessler rosulata Roessler
B. grandiflora Willd. var. alternifolia E.Phillips (1)
B. ingrata Bolus (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 1600–2000 m. NW, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt 2000–2800 m.
G, M, FS FS, KZN, L
pinnatifida (Thunb.) Thell. subsp. pinnatifida schenckii O.Hoffm. = B. spinosissima subsp. spinosis-
Stobaea epitrachys DC. (1) sima
Stobaea pinnatifida Thunb. (1) schinzii O.Hoffm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 100–1600 m. NW, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 70–1340 m. N
FS, NC, WC, EC
scolymoides DC. = B. herbacea
pinnatifida (Thunb.) Thell. subsp. stobaeoides (Harv.)
seminivea Harv. & Sond.
Roessler Crocodilodes harveyanum Kuntze (1)
B. stobaeoides Harv. (1)
G, M
FS, L, WC
setifera DC.
platyptera (Harv.) O.Hoffm. = B. rhapontica subsp. Crocodilodes setiferum (DC.) Kuntze (1)
platyptera Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt 460–2135 m. LIM,
polyacantha (DC.) Schönland = B. decurrens G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
polyacantha S.Moore = B. discolor setosa (L.) Willd. = Cullumia setosa var. setosa
pungens (Thunb.) Willd. = B. carlinoides sonchifolia (Harv.) MacOwan = B. erysithales
purpurea (DC.) Mast. speciosa (DC.) O.Hoffm. subsp. lanceolata Roessler
Stobaea purpurea DC. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 795–1980 m. G, M,
S, FS, KZN
KZN, L, NC, EC
radula (Harv.) De Wild. speciosa (DC.) O.Hoffm. subsp. ovata Roessler
B. adlami Hook.f. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 450–2179 m. KZN,
Stobaea radula Harv. (1) EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.9 m. Alt 370–1830 m. B, speciosa (DC.) O.Hoffm. subsp. speciosa
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, EC Stobaea speciosa DC. (1)
radyeri Roessler Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 15–2200 m. FS,
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt ± 2051 m. LIM KZN, L, EC
rehmannii Thell. = B. zeyheri subsp. rehmannii var. sphaerocephala (DC.) Roessler
rehmannii Stobaea sphaerocephala DC. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 5–1900 m. KZN,
rehmannii Thell. var. rogersiana Thell. = B. zeyheri
EC
subsp. rehmannii var. rogersiana
rhapontica (DC.) Hutch. & Burtt Davy subsp. aristosa spinosa (L.f.) Druce
B. obovata (Thunb.) Willd. (1)
(DC.) Roessler var. aristosa Gorteria spinosa L.f. (1)
Stobaea aristosa DC. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 370–1945 m. NC,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 450–2600 m. FS, WC
KZN, L, EC
spinosissima (Thunb.) Willd. subsp. namaensis Roessler
rhapontica (DC.) Hutch. & Burtt Davy subsp. aristosa
var. argentifolia Roessler
(DC.) Roessler var. exalata Roessler
B. evansii Schltr. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.7 m. Alt 550–680 m. NC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 550–2400 m. FS, spinosissima (Thunb.) Willd. subsp. namaensis Roessler
KZN, L, EC var. namaensis
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Berkheya

B. oppositifolia (DC.) Hutch. (1) langii Bremek. & Oberm. = Hirpicium gorterioides
Stobaea oppositifolia DC. (1) subsp. gorterioides
NC linearifolia (Bolus) Burtt Davy = Hirpicium lineari-
folium
spinosissima (Thunb.) Willd. subsp. spinosissima
B. horrida Muschl. (5) pechuelii (Kuntze) O.Hoffm. = Hirpicium gazanioides
B. oppositifolia Range (5) rehmannii Thell. = Hirpicium bechuanense
B. schenckii O.Hoffm. (5)
Rohria spinosissima Thunb. (5) schinzii O.Hoffm. = Hirpicium gorterioides subsp.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 600–2000 m. N, NC, schinzii
WC
BIDENS L. 9237000
spinulosa N.E.Br. = B. discolor
squarrosa (L.) Willd. = Cullumia squarrosa
(1) Sherff. 1923. Botanical Gazette 76: 146.
stobaeoides Harv. = B. pinnatifida subsp. stobaeoides (2) Wild. 1967. Kirkia 6,1: 13–34.
(3) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 102.
subteretifolia Thell. = B. zeyheri subsp. zeyheri (4) Mesfin. 1993. Kew Bulletin 48,3: 437–506.
subulata Harv. var. subulata (5) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs
Crocodilodes subulatum (Harv.) Kuntze (1) d’Afrique tropicale 4: 254–261.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 915–1882 m. M, *bipinnata L.
KZN Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–1.5 m. Alt 4–2125 m. B, LIM,
subulata Harv. var. wilmsiana Roessler NW, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1200–1600 m. M, *biternata (Lour.) Merr. & Sherff
KZN Coreopsis biternata Lour. (2)
subulata J.M.Wood, not of Harv., concept invalid = B. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 945–1300 m. N, B,
insignis LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
sulcata (Thunb.) Willd. = Cullumia sulcata var. sulcata formosa (Bonato) Sch.Bip. = Cosmos bipinnatus
tysonii Hutch. insecta (S.Moore) Sherff = B. kirkii
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 1300–2073 m. WC kirkii (Oliv. & Hiern) Sherff
B. insecta (S.Moore) Sherff (4)
umbellata DC. B. schlechteri Sherff (2)
Crocodilodes umbellatum (DC.) Kuntze (1)
Coreopsis kirkii Oliv. & Hiern (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.8 m. Alt 45–855 m. KZN, Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt up to 1525 m. LIM, M
EC
leucantha (L.) Willd. = B. pilosa
viscosa (DC.) Hutch.
Stobaea viscosa DC. (1) *pilosa L.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 2 m. Alt 807–1077 m. WC B. leucantha (L.) Willd. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 5–1770 m. N, B,
zeyheri (Sond. & Harv.) Oliv. & Hiern subsp. rehman- LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
nii (Thell.) Roessler var. rehmannii
B. rehmannii Thell. (1) prolixa S.Moore = B. schimperi
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 305–1525 m. schimperi Sch.Bip. ex Walp.
LIM, M, S, KZN B. prolixa S.Moore (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 305–940 m. N, B,
zeyheri (Sond. & Harv.) Oliv. & Hiern subsp. rehmannii
LIM, KZN
(Thell.) Roessler var. rogersiana (Thell.) Roessler
B. rehmannii Thell. var. rogersiana Thell. (1) schlechteri Sherff = B. kirkii
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–1.3 m. Alt 885–1220 m. M, S sulphurea (Cav.) Sch.Bip. = Cosmos sulphureus
zeyheri (Sond. & Harv.) Oliv. & Hiern subsp. zeyheri
B. subteretifolia Thell. (1) BLAINVILLEA Cass. 9190000
Stobaea zeyheri Sond. & Harv. (1) Compiled by N. Netnou
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 535–2042 m. LIM, (1) Wild. 1967. Kirkia 6,1: 38, 39.
NW, G, M, S, KZN
gayana Cass.
Wedelia gossweileri S.Moore (1)
BERKHEYOPSIS O.Hoffm. 9436000 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4−2 m. Alt ± 1050 m. B, LIM
angolensis O.Hoffm. = Hirpicium gorterioides subsp.
gorterioides BLAXIUM Cass. 9425020
bechuanensis S.Moore = Hirpicium bechuanense decumbens Cass. = Dimorphotheca fruticosa
brevisquama Mattf. = Hirpicium bechuanense
BLUMEA DC. 8939000
echinus (Less.) O.Hoffm. = Hirpicium echinus
gorterioides (Oliv. & Hiern) Thell. = Hirpicium gorte- (1) Wild. 1969. Kirkia 7: 125–132.
rioides subsp. gorterioides (2) Anderberg. 1991. Plant Systematics and Evolution 176: 105, 106.
gossweileri S.Moore = Hirpicium gorterioides subsp. (3) Mesfin. 1999. Compositae Newsletter 33: 29.
gorterioides alata of authors, not of (D.Don) DC. = Laggera crispata
kuntzei O.Hoffm. = Hirpicium echinus aurita (L.f.) DC. = Pseudoconyza viscosa
ASTERACEAE Berkheya DICOTYLEDONS

cafra (DC.) O.Hoffm. = Doellia cafra Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.8–7 m. Alt 1–1200 m.
crispata (Vahl) Merxm. = Laggera crispata KZN, EC
decurrens (Vahl) Merxm. = Laggera decurrens elliptica (Thunb.) DC. var. salicina (DC.) Harv. = B.
dregeanoides Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich. elliptica
B. lacera in sense of Oliv. & Hiern (1) glabra (L.f.) Druce
B. mollis (D.Don) Merrill (3) B. dentata (Thunb.) Harv. (1)
Erigeron molle D.Don (1) B. grandifolia DC. (1, 5, 7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 10–900 m. N, LIM, Tarchonanthus dentatus Thunb. (1, 5, 7)
NW, G, M, S, KZN Tarchonanthus glaber L.f. (1, 5, 7)
gariepina DC. = Laggera decurrens Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–13 m. Alt 60–900 m.
KZN, EC
lacera in sense of Oliv. & Hiern = B. dregeanoides
mollis (D.Don) Merrill = B. dregeanoides grandifolia DC. = B. glabra
natalensis Sch.Bip. = Doellia cafra huillensis O.Hoffm.
B. hutchinsii Hutch. (3, 4, 5, 7)
pterodonta DC. = Laggera crispata Tarchonanthus camphoratus in sense of Hiern (3, 4, 5, 7)
suessenguthii Merxm. = Nicolasia heterophylla subsp. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 5–15 m. Alt 25–1525 m.
heterophylla B, LIM, S, KZN
viscosa (Mill.) V.M.Badillo = Pseudoconyza viscosa hutchinsii Hutch. = B. huillensis
ilicifolia (Lam.) E.Phillips & Schweick.
BOJERIA DC. 9061020 Baccharis ilicifolia Lam. (1, 5, 7)
B. racemosa (Thunb.) DC. (1)
lanceolata (Harv.) Benth. ex B.D.Jacks. = Pegolettia Tarchonanthus racemosus Thunb. (5, 7)
lanceolata Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt 20–1350 m.
nutans Bolus = Printzia nutans LIM, S, KZN, EC
BOTHRIOCLINE Oliv. ex Benth. 8746000 natalensis Sch.Bip. = B. discolor
Compiled by N. Netnou neriifolia (L.) R.Br.
Baccharis neriifolia L. (1, 5, 7)
(1) Brown. 1894. Kew Bulletin 1894: 388, 389. Conyza neriifolia (L.) L’Hér. ex Steud. (1, 7)
(2) Wild. 1977. Kirkia 10,2: 370, 371. Oligocarpha neriifolia (L.) Cass. (1, 5, 7)
(3) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 164, 165. Tarchonanthus dentatus Eckl. & Zeyh. ex DC. (1)
(4) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs Tarchonanthus lanceolatus Thunb. (1, 5, 7)
d’Afrique tropicale 4: 263−265.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–8 m. Alt 5–600 m. WC
laxa N.E.Br.
Erlangea laxa (N.E.Br.) S.Moore (2) racemosa (Thunb.) DC. = B. ilicifolia
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt up to 1220 m. LIM, rhodesiana S.Moore = B. rotundata
M, S rotundata S.Moore
B. rhodesiana S.Moore (3, 4, 5)
BRACHYLAENA R.Br. 8936000 Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 500–1830 m.
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS
(1) Phillips & Schweickerdt. 1937. Bothalia 3: 205–221. transvaalensis E.Phillips & Schweick.
(2) Dyer. 1947. The Flowering Plants of Africa 26: t. 1005. B. discolor DC. subsp. transvaalensis (E.Phillips & Schweick.)
(3) Paiva. 1972. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 46: 368–384. Paiva (4, 6)
(4) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 5–8. Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 30.48 m. Alt 720–1900 m.
(5) Cilliers. 1993. Bothalia 23: 175–184.
(6) Herman. 1998. Bothalia 28: 42–45. LIM, M, S, KZN
(7) Beentje. 2000. Kew Bulletin 55: 1–41. uniflora Harv.
dentata DC. = B. elliptica Perennial. Tree. Ht 4.27–30 m. Alt 30–1035 m. KZN,
dentata DC. var. salicina DC. = B. elliptica EC
dentata (Thunb.) Harv. = B. glabra BRACHYMERIS DC. 9370010
discolor DC.
B. discolor DC. subsp. discolor var. discolor (6) athanasioides (S.Moore) Hutch. = Phymaspermum
B. discolor DC. subsp. discolor var. mossambicensis Paiva (4, 6) athanasioides
B. natalensis Sch.Bip. (1, 3, 4)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.8–20 m. Alt 4–60 m. bolusii Hutch. = Phymaspermum bolusii
LIM, S, KZN, EC erubescens Hutch. = Phymaspermum erubescens
discolor DC. subsp. discolor var. discolor = B. discolor montana Hutch. = Phymaspermum montanum
discolor DC. subsp. discolor var. mossambicensis Paiva peglerae Hutch. = Phymaspermum peglerae
= B. discolor
scoparia DC. = Phymaspermum scoparium
discolor DC. subsp. transvaalensis (E.Phillips &
Schweick.) Paiva = B. transvaalensis BRACHYRHYNCHOS Less. 9411060
elliptica (Thunb.) DC.
B. dentata DC. (1, 5, 7) junceus DC. = Senecio junceus
B. dentata DC. var. salicina DC. (1, 7) eupatorioides Less. = Senecio othonniflorus
B. elliptica (Thunb.) DC. var. salicina (DC.) Harv. (7)
Tarchonanthus ellipticus Thunb. (1, 5, 7) tuberosus DC. = Senecio tuberosus
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Blumea

BRYOMORPHE Harv. 9047000 flaccida Vent. = Dimorphotheca tragus

Compiled by M. Koekemoer fruticosa L. = Dimorphotheca fruticosa
(1) Levyns. 1942. Journal of South African Botany 8: 282, 283. glabrata Thunb. = Tripteris oppositifolia
(2) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the
Relhaniinae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans Uni- graminifolia L. = Dimorphotheca nudicaulis var.
versity. graminifolia
aretioides (Turcz.) Druce hispida Thunb. = Aster bakerianus
B. zeyheri Harv. (2) hybrida L. = Dimorphotheca pluvialis
Helichrysum aretioides Turcz. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.07 m. Alt 50–2300 muricata Thunb. = Osteospermum grandiflorum
m. WC nudicaulis L. = Dimorphotheca nudicaulis var. nudi-
lycopodioides (Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) Levyns = Dolicho- caulis
thrix ericoides oppositifolia Aiton = Tripteris oppositifolia
zeyheri Harv. = B. aretioides parviflora Thunb. = Oligocarpus calendulaceus
pinnata Thunb. = Osteospermum pinnatum var. pin-
CACALIA L. 9409000 natum
acaulis L.f. = Senecio acaulis pluvialis L. = Dimorphotheca pluvialis
arbuscula Thunb. = Othonna arbuscula rigida Aiton = Osteospermum grandiflorum
aristata (DC.) Kuntze = Vernonia natalensis rosmarinifolia Houtt. = Osteospermum polygaloides
bipinnata Thunb. = Senecio bipinnatus var. polygaloides
capensis (Houtt.) Kuntze = Vernonia capensis scabra P.J.Bergius = Dimorphotheca acutifolia
cissampelina DC. = Mikaniopsis cissampelina tomentosa L.f. = Tripteris tomentosa
corymbosa (L.f.) Kuntze = Vernonia tigna tragus Aiton = Dimorphotheca tragus
cylindrica Lam. = Othonna cylindrica tragus Aiton var. flaccida (Vent.) Pers. = Dimorpho-
elaeagnoides (DC.) Kuntze = Vernonia oligocephala theca tragus
gerrardii (Harv.) Kuntze = Vernonia gerrardii versicolor Salisb. = Dimorphotheca pluvialis
harveyi Kuntze = Vernonia galpinii viscosa H.C.Andrews = Dimorphotheca cuneata
mespilifolia (Less.) Kuntze = Vernonia mespilifolia CALLILEPIS DC. 9094000
nudicaulis (DC.) Kuntze = Vernonia dregeana Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
pinnatifida P.J.Bergius = Senecio pinnatifidus (1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 136.
(2) Oliver. 1885. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 15: t. 1482.
quinqueloba Thunb. = Senecio quinquelobus (3) Burtt Davy. 1936. Kew Bulletin 1936: 84, 85.
scandens Aiton = Senecio deltoideus (4) Claassen. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 39: t. 1554.
(5) Leins. 1971. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
tomentosa Thunb. = Senecio thunbergii München 9: 108.
CADISCUS E.Mey. ex DC. 9287000 (7) Anderberg. 1991. Opera Botanica 104: 46.
Compiled by E. Retief caerulea (Hutch.) Leins
(1) Nordenstam. 1968. Opera Botanica 20: 33. Zoutpansbergia caerulea Hutch. (5, 7)
(2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 311. Shrub or tree. Ht 0.6–4 m. Alt 1160–1750 m. LIM
aquaticus E.Mey. ex DC. glabra DC. = C. laureola
Annual. Herb, aquatic. Floating stems up to 0.6 m hispida DC. = C. laureola
long. Alt 105–260 m. WC
lancifolia Burtt Davy
*CALENDULA L. 9423000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? LIM, NW, M
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman laureola DC.
C. glabra DC. (6)
(1) Norlindh. 1943. Studies in the Calenduleae: 32. C. hispida DC. (6)
(2) Meikle. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 206, 207. C. laureola DC. var. glabra (DC.) Harv. (6)
amplexicaulis Thunb. = Tripteris amplexicaulis C. laureola DC. var. hispida (DC.) Harv. (6)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 0–2150 m. M, S, FS,
arborescens Jacq. = Tripteris dentata
KZN, EC
arvensis L.
laureola DC. var. glabra (DC.) Harv. = Callilepis lau-
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt? KZN
reola
aspera Thunb. = Osteospermum rigidum var. rigidum
laureola DC. var. hispida (DC.) Harv. = Callilepis lau-
chrysanthemifolia Vent. = Dimorphotheca chrysan- reola
themifolia
leptophylla Harv.
cuneata Thunb. = Dimorphotheca cuneata Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 450–2000 m. LIM,
decurrens Thunb. = Dimorphotheca pluvialis G, M, S, KZN
diffusa Salisb. = Dimorphotheca fruticosa salicifolia Oliv.
ASTERACEAE Bryomorphe DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 760–1830 m. LIM, Alciope lanata (Thunb.) DC. (1)
G, M, S, KZN Arnica lanata Thunb. (1)
Conyza tomentosa Burm.f. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt up to 610
CALLISIA L. 9052030 m. WC
gnaphalodes L. = Leysera gnaphalodes
*CARDUUS L. 9461000
CALOMERIA Vent. 9019000 Compiled by E. Retief
(1) Franco & Rocha Afonso. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 220–232.
infausta (J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans) Heine = Helichry- (2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 576, 577.
sum infaustum
lanceolatum L. = Cirsium vulgare
CALOSTEPHANE Benth. 9069000 macrocephalus Desf.
Annual. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 121–650 m. EC
marianus L. = Silybum marianum
(1) Hoffmann. 1889. Botanische Jahrbücher 10: 276.
(2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 37, 38. pycnocephalus of author, not of L. = C. tenuiflorus
tenuiflorus Curtis
divaricata Benth. C. pycnocephalus of author, not of L. (2)
C. divaricata Benth. var. schinzii (O.Hoffm.) Thell. (2, 3) Annual. Herb. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 460–915 m. M, KZN,
C. foliosa Klatt (2, 3) WC, EC
C. schinzii O.Hoffm. (2, 3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–1 m. Alt 70–1435 m. N, B, vulgaris Savi = Cirsium vulgare
LIM, M, S, KZN
CARLINA L. 9449000
divaricata Benth. var. schinzii (O.Hoffm.) Thell. = C.
divaricata aculeata Burm.f. = Heterorhachis aculeata
foliosa Klatt = C. divaricata CARPHOPAPPUS Sch.Bip. 9065020
marlothiana O.Hoffm.
Annual. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 90–1000 baccaridifolius (Less.) Sch.Bip. = Pegolettia baccaridi-
m. N folia
schinzii O.Hoffm. = C. divaricata *CARTHAMUS L. 9477000
CALOTESTA P.O.Karis 9043010 Compiled by E. Retief
(1) Hanelt. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 302, 303.
(1) Karis. 1990. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 102: lanatus L.
23–36. Kentrophyllum lanatum (L.) DC. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 330–783 m. WC, EC
alba P.O.Karis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 1800–2000 m. CASSINIA R.Br. 8994020
WC
alba O.Hoffm. = Helichrysum platypterum
*CAMPULOCLINIUM DC. 8816040 phylicifolia (DC.) J.M.Wood = Tenrhynea phylicifolia
CASTALIS Cass. 9425010
(2) King & Robinson. 1987. Monographs in systematic botany from nudicaulis (L.) Norl. var. graminifolia (L.) Norl. =
the Missouri Botanical Garden 22: 126–128.
Dimorphotheca nudicaulis var. graminifolia
macrocephalum (Less.) DC. nudicaulis (L.) Norl. var. nudicaulis = Dimorphotheca
Eupatorium macrocephalum Less. (2) nudicaulis var. nudicaulis
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–1.3 m. Alt 280–1500 m. LIM, spectabilis (Schltr.) Norl. = Dimorphotheca spectabilis
G, KZN tragus (Aiton) Norl. var. pinnatifida Norl. =
Dimorphotheca tragus
CAPELIO B.Nord. 9391010 tragus (Aiton) Norl. var. tragus = Dimorphotheca tragus
ventenati Cass. = Dimorphotheca tragus
(1) Nordenstam. 2002. Compositae Newsletter 38: 71–75.
CELMISIA Cass. 9391020
caledonica B.Nord.
Perennial. Subshrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 0–750 m. WC rotundifolia Cass. = Capelio tabularis
tabularis (Thunb.) B.Nord. CENIA Comm. 9351010
Alciope tabularis (Thunb.) DC. (1)
Arnica tabularis Thunb. (1) albovillosa S.Moore = Cotula microglossa
Celmisia rotundifolia Cass. (2)
Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.38–0.45 m. Alt discoidea Less. = Cotula nudicaulis
90–1035 m. WC duckittiae L.Bolus = Cotula duckittiae
tomentosa (Burm.f.) B.Nord. expansa Compton = Cotula duckittiae
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Callilepis

microglossa DC. = Cotula microglossa Osteospermum marlothianum Muschl. ex Dinter (2)

Osteospermum moniliferum L. var. lanosum DC. in part (1, 2)
pectinata DC. = Cotula mariae Osteospermum rangei Muschl. (1, 2)
sericea (L.f.) DC. = Cotula sericea Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.25–0.5 m. Alt
turbinata (L.) Pers. = Cotula turbinata 15–1100 m. N, NC, WC
monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. canescens (DC.) Norl.
*CENTAUREA L. 9476000 Osteospermum pisiferum L. var. canescens DC. (1)
Compiled by E. Retief Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–3.65 m. Alt
(1) Moore & Frankton. 1974. The thistles of Canada: 75–97.
765–2210 m. M, FS, KZN, L, EC
(2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 580, 581. monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. monilifera
Lepisiphon dentatus Turcz. (1)
calcitrapa L. Osteospermum moniliferum L. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 365–1280 m. FS, NC, Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–3 m. Alt 5–1760
WC, EC m. WC, EC
cyanus L. monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. pisifera (L.) Norl.
Cyanus segetum Hill (1)
C. pisiformis Medik. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt ± 300–1400 m. M, FS, Osteospermum moniliferum L. var. pisiferum (L.) Harv. (1)
EC Osteospermum pisiferum L. (1)
melitensis L. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 5–1370
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 6–1620 m. NW, G, m. NC, WC, EC
FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. rotundata (DC.) Norl.
Osteospermum moniliferum L. var. rotundatum (DC.) Harv. (1)
repens L. Osteospermum rotundatum DC. (1)
Perennial. Herb, graminoid. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 0–1065 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.25–3 m. Alt 5–500
m. NW, FS, NC, WC, EC m. KZN, EC
salmantica L. = Mantisalca salmantica monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. septentrionalis Norl.
solstitialis L. Osteospermum moniliferum L. forma foliis-subintegris Engl. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.9 m. Alt ± 1645 m. G, M, FS, EC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt
1200–2400 m. LIM
CERADIA Lindl. 9420010 monilifera (L.) Norl. subsp. subcanescens (DC.) Norl.
furcata Lindl. = Othonna furcata Osteospermum moniliferum L. var. angustifolium DC. (1)
Osteospermum subcanescens DC. (1)
CHARIEIS Cass. 8881000 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 15–1219 m.
WC, EC
caerulea Cass. = Felicia heterophylla pisiformis Medik. = C. monilifera subsp. pisifera
heterophylla Cass. = Felicia heterophylla
neesii Cass. = Felicia heterophylla *CHRYSANTHEMUM L. 9341000
*CHROMOLAENA DC. 8816020 (1) Bailey. 1977. Hortus third: 267, 268.
Compiled by E. Retief (2) Wells et al. 1986. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South
(1) King & Robinson. 1987. Monographs in systematic botany from Africa No. 53: 148, 149.
the Missouri Botanical Garden 22: 383–388. carnosulum DC. var. filifolium Harv. = Cymbopappus
(2) Henderson. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: 171. adenosolen
odorata (L.) R.M.King & H.Rob. cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Vis. = Tanacetum cinerarii-
Eupatorium conyzoides Vahl (1) folium
Eupatorium odoratum L. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt 60–750 m. LIM, M, coronarium L.
S, KZN, EC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 30–45 m. WC, EC
decurrens Hutch. = Adenoglossa decurrens
*CHRYSANTHELLUM Rich. 9232000 glabratum Thunb. = Oncosiphon glabratum
hirtum Thunb. = Oncosiphon africanum
(2) Turner. 1988. Phytologia 64: 426−434. incanum Thunb. = Pentzia incana
indicum DC. lasiopodum Hutch. = Cymbopappus piliferus
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt up to 1465 m. N, leptophyllum DC. = Leucoptera nodosa
NW, NC leptophyllum DC. var. indivisum DC. = Leucoptera
subcarnosa
CHRYSANTHEMOIDES Fabr. 9427020
leucanthemum L. = Leucanthemum vulgare
(1) Norlindh. 1943. Studies in the Calenduleae: 367–403. lidbeckioides Less. = Osteospermum pinnatum var.
(2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 38, 39. pinnatum
(3) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 39. nodosum (Thunb.) DC. = Leucoptera nodosa
incana (Burm.f.) Norl. osmitoides Harv. = Adenanthellum osmitoides
Osteospermum incanum Burm.f. (1, 2)
Osteospermum lanosum (DC.) Compton & E.Phillips (1) segetum L.
ASTERACEAE Cenia DICOTYLEDONS

Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 50–500 m. M, WC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 12–200 m. KZN
EC oblongifolia DC.
C. ciliata E.Mey. (1)
CHRYSOCOMA L. 8930000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 455–1500
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman m. WC
(1) Bayer. 1981. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung obtusata (Thunb.) Ehr.Bayer
München 17: 259–392. Aster obtusatus Thunb. (1)
(2) Wijnands. 1985. Taxon 34: 311. C. polygalifolia S.Moore (1)
acicularis Ehr.Bayer Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 370–2000 m. N,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1200– B, NW, FS, KZN, NC, WC
1250 m. WC patula P.J.Bergius = C. coma-aurea
aurea Salisb. = C. coma-aurea peduncularis DC. = C. microphylla
candelabrum Ehr.Bayer pinnatifida DC. = C. tridentata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 1200–
polygalifolia S.Moore = C. obtusata
1250 m. WC
pterocaula DC. = Heteromma decurrens
cernua L.
C. coma-aurea L. var. cernua (L.) DC. (1) puberula Merxm.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt 60–1200 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 244–785 m.
m. NC, WC N, NC
ciliata L. puberula Schltr. ex Hutch., naked name = C. schlech-
Aster discoideus Sond. (1) teri
C. microcephala DC. (1)
C. tenuifolia P.J.Bergius (2) rigidula (DC.) Ehr.Bayer
Aster hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius var. canescens Harv. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 5–3124 m. N, NW, Aster hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius var. rigidulus (DC.) Harv. (1)
G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Felicia rigidula DC. (1)
ciliata E.Mey. = C. oblongifolia Felicia rigidula DC. var. subcanescens DC. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 15–600
ciliata of author, not of L.; Dinter, concept invalid = m. EC
Nolletia tenuifolia
scabra Thunb. = Polyarrhena reflexa subsp. reflexa
coma-aurea L.
C. aurea Salisb. (1) schlechteri Ehr.Bayer
C. coma-aurea L. var. patula (P.J.Bergius) DC. (1) C. puberula Schltr. ex Hutch., naked name (1)
C. patula P.J.Bergius (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 609–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 5–1400 m. 1200 m. NC
WC sparsifolia Hutch.
coma-aurea L. var. cernua (L.) DC. = C. cernua Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 300–1500
coma-aurea L. var. patula (P.J.Bergius) DC. = C. coma- m. NC, WC
aurea strigosa Ehr.Bayer
decurrens DC. = Heteromma decurrens Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 15–155
m. WC
decurrens DC. var. pterocaula (DC.) Harv. =
Heteromma decurrens subumbellata Thell. = C. longifolia
dinteri Muschl. = Nolletia arenosa tenuifolia P.J.Bergius = C. ciliata
esterhuyseniae Ehr.Bayer tomentosa L.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 30–60 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 200–900
WC m. NC
flava Ehr.Bayer tridentata DC.
C. pinnatifida DC. (1)
m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 130–1200
m. WC
incana Burm. = Pteronia incana
undulata Thunb. = Nidorella undulata
longifolia DC.
C. longifolia DC. var. patula DC. (1) valida Ehr.Bayer
C. subumbellata Thell. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt 300–1500
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 120–1550 m. NC, m. NC, WC
WC
*CICHORIUM L. 9553000
longifolia DC. var. patula DC. = C. longifolia
microcephala DC. = C. ciliata (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 597, 598.
microphylla Thunb. (2) Wagenitz & Bedarff. 1989. In The Davis & Hedge Festschrift: 11–21.
C. peduncularis DC. (1) (3) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 194–196.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.3 m. Alt 100–1200 intybus L. subsp. intybus
m. N, NC, WC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 150–1512 m. NW,
mozambicensis Ehr.Bayer G, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE *Chrysanthemum

CINERARIA L. 9406000 Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 500–

1500 m. N, NC
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 307–314. capillacea Thunb. = Steirodiscus capillaceus
(2) Moore. 1903. Journal of Botany, London 41: 400, 401, 406. coronata Thunb. = Senecio coronatus
(3) Hutchinson. 1931. Kew Bulletin 1931: 251.
(4) Dyer. 1934. Kew Bulletin 1934: 266.
crenata Spreng. = Senecio erosus
(5) Burtt Davy. 1936. Kew Bulletin 1936: 80, 81. cyanomontana Cron
(6) Merxmüller. 1960. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssamm- Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 1600–1900
lung München 3: 605, 606. m. LIM
(7) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 41, 42.
(8) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 372–387. cymbalarifolia Thunb. = Senecio hastifolius
(9) Hilliard. 1982. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh decipiens Harv.
40: 248.
(10) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany Suppl.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt up to 600 m. S,
vol. 13: 160, 161. KZN
(11) Jeffrey. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 930, 931. deltoidea Sond.
(12) Hilliard. 1989. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
45: 185–187.
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.16–0.6 m. Alt 200–
(13) Cron. 1994. South African Journal of Botany 60: 161–167. 1650 m. LIM, KZN, EC
(14) Cron & Balkwill. 1997. South African Journal of Botany 63: dieterlenii E.Phillips
400–403.
(15) Cron et al. 1999. South African Journal of Botany 65: 287–290.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1500–3350 m.
KZN, L, EC
abrotanifolia (L.) P.J.Bergius = Euryops abrotani-
folius dregeana DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? NC
albicans N.E.Br.
Perennial. Herb or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt eenii S.Moore = Senecio eenii
500–2500 m. NW, G, KZN, L, EC erodioides DC.
C. tussilaginea Thunb. in part (1)
albicans of author, not of N.E.Br., concept invalid = C. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt 1050–2800 m. FS,
canescens L, WC, EC
albomontana Hilliard erosa (Thunb.) Harv.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 2200–3350 m. L, C. oxyodonta DC. (1)
EC Doria erosa Thunb. (1)
alchemilloides DC. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 900–1200 m.
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt WC
1500–2200 m. N, WC exilis DC.
amelloides L. = Felicia amelloides Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? NC
arctotidea DC. filifolius Thunb. = Senecio linifolius
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? NC geifolia (L.) L.
Othonna geifolia L. (8)
argillacea Cron Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.22–0.6 m. Alt 3–
Annual, occ. biennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 3400 m. KZN, L, EC
1700–1800 m. WC
geraniifolia DC.
aspera Thunb. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.19–0.6 m. Alt 1200–2500 m. M,
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.15–1.5 KZN, EC
m. Alt 1200–2500 m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L,
NC, WC, EC grandibracteata Hilliard
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 900–2250 m.
atriplicifolia DC. KZN
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt 0–750
m. KZN hastifolia L.f. = Senecio hastifolius
austrotransvaalensis Cron hederifolia Cron
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt ± 1550 m. NW, G, Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1260–1850 m.
M LIM, M
bergeriana Spreng. = Felicia bergeriana hirsuta Vent. = Felicia cymbalariae subsp. cymbalariae
britteniae Hutch. & R.A.Dyer humifusa L’Hér.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 610–2300 m. KZN, Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 0–30 m. WC
WC, EC hypoleuca Sieber = Senecio verbascifolius
burkei Burtt Davy laricifolia Lam. = Senecio pinifolius
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1400– lineata L.f. = Senecio lineatus
2000 m. G, M, FS, NC
linifolia (L.) L. = Euryops linifolius
cacalioides L.f. = Othonna carnosa var. carnosa
linifolia Zeyh. ex DC. = Felicia linifolia
canescens J.C.Wendl. ex Link
C. albicans of author, not of N.E.Br., concept invalid (6) lobata L’Hér.
C. parviflora Aiton (1, 7) Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 45–2100 m.
Senecio momordicifolius Dinter & Muschl. (6, 7) LIM, NW, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
ASTERACEAE Cineraria DICOTYLEDONS

longipes S.Moore (2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 578, 579.

Perennial. Herb or dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± (3) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 300.
1600 m. G arvense (L.) Scop.
Serratula arvensis L. (1)
lyrata DC. = C. lyratiformis
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.8–1 m. Alt 200–1980 m. M, EC
lyratiformis Cron
C. lyrata DC. (15) lanceolatum (L.) Scop. = C. vulgare
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.35–1.2 m. Alt 100– vulgare (Savi) Ten.
2450 m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Carduus lanceolatum L. (2)
Carduus vulgaris Savi (1)
microglossa DC. C. lanceolatum (L.) Scop. (2)
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt? NC? Cnicus lanceolatum (L.) Willd. (2)
microphylla (Cass.) Vahl ex DC. = Felicia aethiopica Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 5–2134 m. LIM, NW,
subsp. aethiopica G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
mitellifolia L’Hér.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 600–920 m. WC *CNICUS L. 9479000
mollis E.Mey. ex DC. Compiled by E. Retief
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 1000– (1) Moore & Frankton. 1974. The thistles of Canada: 98–100.
2500 m. FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
montana Bolus = Senecio haygarthii benedictus L.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.7 m. Alt 90–1310 m. LIM, G,
monticola Hutch.
FS, WC
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 900–1550 m. LIM
oppositifolia Moench = Felicia amelloides lanceolatum (L.) Willd. = Cirsium vulgare
othonnoides Harv. COLUMELLEA Jacq. 9048010
Othonna pinnatifida Thunb. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’ (1) biennis Jacq. = Nestlera biennis
oxyodonta DC. = C. erosa
COMBORHIZA Anderb. & 9050030
pandurata Thunb. = Senecio panduratus K.Bremer
parviflora Aiton = C. canescens
parvifolia Burtt Davy (1) Anderberg & Bremer. 1991. Annals of the Missouri Botanical
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 1000–2000 m. LIM, Garden 78: 1061–1072.
NW, G, M
longipes (K.Bremer) Anderb. & K.Bremer
pedunculosa DC. Leysera longipes K.Bremer (1)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 1800–2000 m.
pinnata O.Hoffm. WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 0–1500 m. KZN virgata (N.E.Br.) Anderb. & K.Bremer
Nestlera virgata N.E.Br. (1)
platycarpa DC. Relhania tuberosa K.Bremer (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 200–900 m. WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 2200–3000
polycephala DC. m. KZN
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht? Alt? WC
saxifraga DC. COMPTONANTHUS B.Nord. 8987020
Perennial. Suffrutex or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt brachypterus (O.Hoffm. ex Zahlbr.) B.Nord. = Lasio-
130–700 m. EC pogon brachypterus
seminuda Klatt = Senecio cinerascens molluginoides (DC.) B.Nord. = Ifloga molluginoides
tenella (L.) Link = Felicia tenella subsp. tenella subcarnosus B.Nord. = Lasiopogon debilis
tomentosa (DC.) Less.
Senecio lanatus Thunb. (1) CONYZA Less. 8926000
Perennial. Suffrutex or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
350–1720 m. WC (1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 111–114.
tussilaginea Thunb. in part = C. erodioides (2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 43, 44.
(3) Wild. 1975. Kirkia 10: 35–62.
tussilaginea Thunb. in part = Senecio verbascifolius (4) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 86–96.
vagans Hilliard (5) Danin. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 412, 413.
Perennial. Herb. Length up to 0.5 m. Alt 1380–1700 (6) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs
m. EC d’Afrique tropicale 4: 270–272.
(7) King-Jones. 2001. Englera 23: 121.
vallis-pacis Dinter ex Merxm.
aegyptiaca (L.) Aiton
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 1050– C. stricta of author, not of Willd.; Dinter, concept invalid (2)
1470 m. N, NW, NC C. transvaalensis Bremek. (2, 3)
Erigeron aegyptiacus L. (4)
*CIRSIUM Mill. emend. Scop. 9462000 Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–1 m. Alt 915–1585
Compiled by E. Retief m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
(1) Moore & Frankton. 1974. The thistles of Canada: 19–53. *albida Spreng.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Cineraria

C. floribunda Kunth (3, 5) pusilla Houtt. (insufficiently known) (1)

C. sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker (5)
Erigeron floribundus (Kunth) Sch.Bip. (3, 5) scabrida DC.
Erigeron sumatrensis Retz. (3, 5) Baccharis ivaefolia L. (4)
C. ivifolia (L.) Less. (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 2–1912 m. N, B, LIM, Pluchea scabrida DC. (7)
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.38–1.2 m. Alt 5–1920 m. N, B,
attenuata DC. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
C. persicariifolia (Benth.) Oliv. & Hiern (3, 4, 6)
Erigeron persicariifolius Benth. (4, 6) squamata Spreng. = Aster squamatus
Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 155–870 m. stricta of author, not of Willd.; Dinter, concept invalid =
LIM, M, S, KZN C. aegyptiaca
aurita L.f. = Pseudoconyza viscosa sumatrensis (Retz.) E.Walker = C. albida
*bonariensis (L.) Cronquist tomentosa Burm.f. = Capelio tomentosa
Erigeron bonariensis L. (3, 4)
Erigeron crispus Pourr. (2, 3) transvaalensis Bremek. = C. aegyptiaca
Erigeron linifolius Willd. (3) ulmifolia (Burm.f.) Kuntze
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–1.2 m. Alt 5–1890 m. N, B, Baccharis ulmifolia Burm.f. (3, 4)
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC C. incisa Aiton (3, 4)
Erigeron incisum Thunb. (4)
cafra DC. = Doellia cafra Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.21 m. Alt 3–
*canadensis (L.) Cronquist 2225 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
Erigeron canadensis L. (3, 4)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 5–2125 m. LIM, NW, *COREOPSIS L. 9227000
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Compiled by N. Netnou
canescens L.f. = Vernonia capensis (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 315, 316.
*chilensis Spreng. (2) Wells et al. 1986. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South
Africa No. 53: 168.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 0–1720 m. NW, M, (3) Bremer. 1994. Asteraceae: cladistics and classification: 615.
S, FS, KZN
biternata Lour. = Bidens biternata
cinerea L. = Cyanthillium cinereum var. cinereum kirkii Oliv. & Hiern = Bidens kirkii
floribunda Kunth = C. albida lanceolata L.
gouanii (L.) Willd. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 30 m. LIM,
C. hochstetteri Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich. (3) G, M, KZN
Erigeron gouanii L. (3, 4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 185–1645 m. LIM, tinctoria Nutt.
G, M, S, KZN, EC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt? ‘RSA’
hochstetteri Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich. = C. gouanii CORYMBIUM L. 8764000
incisa Aiton = C. ulmifolia Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
ivifolia (L.) Less. = C. scabrida (1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 55, 56.
(2) Compton. 1936. Journal of South African Botany 2: 165–167.
kotschyi (Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf. & Asch.) Schweinf. & (3) Markötter. 1940. Botanische Jahrbücher 70: 354–372.
Asch. = Pentanema indicum (4) Weitz. 1989. South African Journal of Botany 55: 598–629.
montevidensis Spreng. = Baccharis pingraea africanum L. subsp. africanum
natalensis Sch.Bip. = Doellia cafra Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.31 m. Alt 1000–2000 m.
neriifolia (L.) L’Hér. ex Steud. = Brachylaena neriifolia WC
obscura DC. africanum L. subsp. scabridum (P.J.Bergius) Weitz
Webbia kraussii Sch.Bip. (4) var. fourcadei (Hutch.) Weitz
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 20–2400 m. G, M, C. fourcadei Hutch. (4)
S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.11–0.24 m. Alt 700–1860 m.
WC, EC
persicariifolia (Benth.) Oliv. & Hiern = C. attenuata
africanum L. subsp. scabridum (P.J.Bergius) Weitz
pinnata (L.f.) Kuntze var. gramineum (Burm.f.) Weitz
C. pinnatilobata DC. (3, 4)
C. filiforme L.f. (4)
Erigeron pinnatus L.f. (3, 4)
C. gramineum Burm.f. (4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 5–2500 m. LIM, C. luteum E.Mey. ex DC. (4)
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC C. scabrum L. var. filiforme (L.f.) Thunb. (4)
pinnatifida (Thunb.) Less. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.35 m. Alt 100–1500 m.
Erigeron pinnatifidum Thunb. (1) WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 5–90 m. WC africanum L. subsp. scabridum (P.J.Bergius) Weitz
pinnatilobata DC. = C. pinnata var. scabridum
C. scabridum P.J.Bergius (4)
pinifolia Lam. = Vernonia capensis C. scabrum L. var. scabrum (4)
podocephala DC. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.35 m. Alt 75–1500 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.17–0.6 m. Alt 1200–2750 m. congestum E.Mey. ex DC.
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 700–1600 m. WC
ASTERACEAE Conyza DICOTYLEDONS

cymosum E.Mey. ex DC. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4−2.5 m. Alt up to 2000 m. LIM,

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.13–0.63 m. Alt 20–1000 m. WC NW, G, M, FS, KZN
elsiae Weitz sulphureus Cav.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 900–1500 m. Bidens sulphurea (Cav.) Sch.Bip. (3)
WC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt ± 60 m. KZN
enerve Markötter COTULA L. 9351000
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.13–0.52 m. Alt 5–800 m. WC Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
filiforme L.f. = C. africanum subsp. scabridum var. (1) Linnaeus. 1753. Species plantarum edn 1, 2: 892.
gramineum (2) Linnaeus. 1782. Supplementum plantarum: 377.
fourcadei Hutch. = C. africanum subsp. scabridum (3) Persoon. 1807. Synopsis plantarum 2: 465.
(4) Lessing. 1832. Synopsis generum Compositarum: 261.
var. fourcadei (5) Candolle. 1838. Prodromus 6: 82, 83.
glabrum L. var. glabrum (6) Koch. 1843. Botanische Zeitung 1: 40.
C. harveyanum Markötter (4) (7) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 177–186.
C. latifolium Harv. (4) (8) Kuntze. 1898. Revisio generum plantarum 3: 142.
C. nervosum Thunb. (4) (9) Bolus. 1898. Botanische Jahrbücher 24: 458.
C. nervosum Thunb. var. subulifolium Harv. (4) (10) Schinz. 1900. Mémoires de l’Herbier Boissier 20: 36.
C. salteri Markötter (4) (11) Schlechter. 1900. Botanische Jahrbücher 27: 209, 210.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt? NC, WC, EC (12) Moore. 1902. Journal of Botany, London 40: 381.
(13) Muschler. 1910. Botanische Jahrbücher 44: 123.
glabrum L. var. rogersii (Markötter) Weitz (14) Bolus. 1925. Annals of the Bolus Herbarium 4: 15.
C. rogersii Markötter (4) (15) Levyns. 1941. Journal of South African Botany 7: 131–133.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.3 m. Alt 300–1500 m. WC (16) Compton. 1941. Journal of South African Botany 7: 189–191.
(17) Compton. 1944. Journal of South African Botany 10: 124, 125.
gramineum Burm.f. = C. africanum subsp. scabridum (18) Hutchinson. 1946. A botanist in southern Africa: 148, 149.
var. gramineum (19) Levyns. 1950. Flora of the Cape Peninsula: 805–807.
harveyanum Markötter = C. glabrum var. glabrum (20) Phillips. 1950. Journal of South African Botany 16: 21.
(21) Compton. 1953. Journal of South African Botany 19: 112.
hirsutum Eckl. ex DC. = C. villosum (22) Hilliard & Burtt. 1970. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
hirtum Thunb. = C. villosum Edinburgh 30: 118–120.
latifolium Harv. = C. glabrum var. glabrum Edinburgh 32: 332–335.
laxum Compton subsp. bolusii Weitz (24) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 350–357.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt ± 1000 m. WC (25) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany Suppl.
vol. 13: 161, 162.
laxum Compton subsp. laxum (26) Bremer & Humphries. 1993. Bulletin of the Natural History
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt 1000–1850 m. Museum, Botany 23: 157–159.
WC (27) Herman. 1995. Bothalia 25: 244, 245.
(28) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 314, 315.
luteum E.Mey. ex DC. = C. africanum subsp. scabri-
dum var. gramineum andreae (E.Phillips) K.Bremer & Humphries
Matricaria andreae E.Phillips (26)
nervosum Thunb. = C. glabrum var. glabrum Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 1800–
nervosum Thunb. var. subulifolium Harv. = C. glabrum 2200 m. WC
var. glabrum anthemoides L.
rogersii Markötter = C. glabrum var. rogersii C. microcephala DC. (24)
salteri Markötter = C. glabrum var. glabrum Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 115–2135 m. N, B,
scabridum P.J.Bergius = C. africanum subsp. scabri- LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
dum var. scabridum australis (Spreng.) Hook.f.
Anacyclus australis Spreng. (24)
scabrum L. var. filiforme (L.f.) Thunb. = C. africanum Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.2 m. Alt 3–1280 m. LIM,
subsp. scabridum var. gramineum NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
scabrum L. var. scabrum = C. africanum subsp. scabri- barbata DC.
dum var. scabridum Annual. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.25 m. Alt 105–1140 m. NC,
theileri Markötter WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.14–0.3 m. Alt ± 700 m. WC bicolor Roth = Dichrocephala integrifolia subsp. inte-
villosum L.f. grifolia
C. hirsutum Eckl. ex DC. (4)
C. hirtum Thunb. (1, 4)
bipinnata Thunb.
C. oxyodonta DC. (7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.19–0.61 m. Alt 20–1600 m. WC Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 90–825
m. NC, WC
*COSMOS Cav. 9238000 bracteolata E.Mey. ex DC.
Compiled by N. Netnou Annual? Herb. Length? Alt? WC
(1) Cavanilles. 1791. Icones et descriptions plantarum 1: 10, 56. burchellii DC.
(2) Wild. 1967. Kirkia 6: 13−34.
(3) Mabberley. 1987. The plant book: a portable dictionary of the Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.3 m. Alt 1100–
vascular plants: 187. 1310 m. NW, FS, NC, EC
(4) Bremer. 1994. Asteraceae: cladistics and classification: 615. ceniifolia DC.
bipinnatus Cav. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 120–
Bidens formosa (Bonato) Sch.Bip. (3) 745 m. WC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Corymbium

coronopifolia L. Matricaria nigellifolia DC. var. nigellifolia (26)

Annual or perennial. Herb, helophyte. Ht 0.03–0.5 m. Sphaeroclinium nigellifolium (DC.) Sch.Bip. (26)
Alt 0–2000 m. N, G, NC, WC, EC Annual or perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Length up to
0.6 m. Alt 0–1500 m. LIM, NW, G, M, KZN,
dielsii Muschl. WC, EC
Biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt ± 750
m. NC nigellifolia (DC.) K.Bremer & Humphries var. tenuior
(DC.) P.P.J.Herman
duckittiae (L.Bolus) K.Bremer & Humphries Matricaria nigellifolia DC. var. tenuior DC. (27)
Cenia duckittiae L.Bolus (26)
Cenia expansa Compton (26)
Annual or perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Length 0.15–
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 6–50 m. WC 0.3 m. Alt 0–1310 m. KZN, EC
eckloniana (DC.) Levyns nudicaulis Thunb.
Cenia discoidea Less. (7)
Otochlamys eckloniana DC. (19, 26)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 0–15 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.25 m. Alt 240–1524 m. NC,
WC
filifolia Thunb.
Annual. Herb, tenagophyte. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 5– oxyodonta DC. = C. bipinnata
215 m. NC, WC paludosa Hilliard
globifera Thunb. = Oncosiphon piluliferum Perennial. Herb, hyperhydate/tenagophyte. Ht 0.03–
0.18 m. Alt 2600–3230 m. KZN, L, EC
heterocarpa DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.3 m. Alt 0–2250 m. WC, EC paradoxa Schinz
Annual? Herb. Ht ± 0.11 m. Alt ± 150 m. WC
hispida (DC.) Harv.
Tanacetum hispidum DC. (7) pedicellata Compton
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 300–3230 m. G, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.18–0.3 m. Alt 150–650 m. NC,
M, FS, KZN, L, EC WC
laxa DC. pedunculata (Schltr.) E.Phillips
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 610–915 m. NC Otochlamys pedunculata Schltr. (20)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.1 m. Alt ± 460 m. WC
leptalea DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.3 m. Alt 195–2750 m. KZN, pilulifera L.f. = Oncosiphon piluliferum
NC, WC pterocarpa DC.
lineariloba (DC.) Hilliard Annual? Herb. Ht? Alt? WC
C. sericea Thunb., naked name (23, 25) pusilla Thunb.
Tanacetum linearilobum DC. (23, 24)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.025–0.15 m. Alt 75–305 m. WC
KZN, L, WC, EC quinquefida Thunb. = Pentzia quinquefida
loganii Hutch. quinqueloba L.f. = Lidbeckia quinqueloba
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.03 m. Alt? NC radicalis (Killick & C.Claassen) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
macroglossa Bolus ex Schltr. Schistostephium radicale Killick & C.Claassen (22, 24)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 850–1341 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 2440–3355 m.
mariae K.Bremer & Humphries KZN, L
Cenia pectinata DC. (26) sericea L.f.
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 0–700 m. Cenia sericea (L.f.) DC. (26)
WC, EC Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 3–200 m.
melaleuca Bolus WC, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.015–0.4 m. Alt 700–980 m. WC sericea Thunb., naked name = C. lineariloba
membranifolia Hilliard socialis Hilliard
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1820–2450 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1900–3050 m.
KZN, EC KZN, L, EC
microcephala DC. = C. anthemoides sororia DC.
microglossa (DC.) O.Hoffm. & Kuntze ex Kuntze Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.15 m. Alt 45–1570 m. NC,
Cenia albovillosa S.Moore (26) WC, EC
Cenia microglossa DC. (26)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 90–1985 m. NW, G, tanacetifolia L. = Oncosiphon suffruticosum
FS, NC, WC, EC tenella E.Mey. ex DC.
montana Compton Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.1 m. Alt 540–765 m. N, NC,
WC thunbergii Harv.
multifida DC. = C. villosa Annual. Herb. Ht 0.025–0.25 m. Alt 100–120 m. NC,
myriophylloides Harv. WC
Annual. Herb, hydrophyte, vittate. Ht/Length up to turbinata L.
0.05 m. Alt 0–15 m. WC Cenia turbinata (L.) Pers. (26)
nigellifolia (DC.) K.Bremer & Humphries var. nigelli- Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 0–1100 m. WC, EC
folia umbellata L.f. = Schistostephium umbellatum
ASTERACEAE Cotula DICOTYLEDONS

villosa DC. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 350–2200 m. LIM,

C. multifida DC. (26) NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 15–460 m. WC, EC
hypochaeridea (DC.) Thell. var. genuina Thell. = C.
vulgaris Levyns hypochaeridea
Annual. Herb, tenagophyte. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt ± 30
hypochaeridea (DC.) Thell. var. junodiana Thell. = C.
m. WC
hypochaeridea
zeyheri Fenzl
hypochaeridea (DC.) Thell. var. woodii Thell. = C.
hypochaeridea
WC, EC
japonica (L.) Benth. = Youngia japonica
CRASSOCEPHALUM Moench 9405010 polyodon (Fr.) E.Phillips = C. hypochaeridea
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman virens L. = C. capillaris
(1) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 45, 46.
(2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 368–372. CROCODILODES Kuntze 9438040
Edinburgh 37: 295. annectens (Harv.) Kuntze = Berkheya annectens
(4) Jeffrey. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 904–908.
(5) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique chamaepeuce S.Moore = Berkheya chamaepeuce
tropicale 4: 273, 274. coriaceum (Harv.) Kuntze = Berkheya coriacea
bojeri (DC.) Robyns = Solanecio angulatus dregei (Harv.) Kuntze = Berkheya dregei
cernuum (L.f.) Moench = C. rubens eryngiifolium (Less.) Kuntze = Heterorhachis aculeata
coeruleum (O.Hoffm.) R.E.Fr. harveyanum Kuntze = Berkheya seminivea
Gynura coerulea O.Hoffm. (1)
palmatum (Thunb.) Kuntze = Heterorhachis aculeata
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 366–1460 m. N
pinnatum (Thunb.) Kuntze = Heterorhachis aculeata
crepidioides (Benth.) S.Moore
Gynura crepidioides Benth. (2, 4) setiferum (DC.) Kuntze = Berkheya setifera
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 5–1830 m. LIM, M, subulatum (Harv.) Kuntze = Berkheya subulata var.
S, KZN, EC subulata
flavum Decne. = Senecio flavus umbellatum (DC.) Kuntze = Berkheya umbellata
×picridifolium (DC.) S.Moore
Gynura picridifolia (DC.) Burtt Davy (4) CRYPTOSTEMMA R.Br. 9432060
Senecio picridifolius DC. (4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 5–1675 m. N, B, calendulaceum (L.) R.Br. = Arctotheca calendula
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC forbesianum (DC.) Harv. = Arctotheca forbesiana
rubens (Juss. ex Jacq.) S.Moore
C. cernuum (L.f.) Moench (2)
Gynura cernua (L.f.) Benth. (2)
CULLUMIA R.Br. ex Aiton 9437000
Gynura rubens (Jacq.) Muschl. (2) Compiled by E. Retief
Senecio cernuus L.f. (2, 4) (1) Roessler. 1959. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
Senecio rubens Juss. ex Jacq. (2, 4) München 3: 271–304.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.76–1 m. Alt 2–1000 m. KZN (2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 315, 316.
sarcobasis (DC.) S.Moore aculeata (Houtt.) Roessler var. aculeata
Gynura sarcobasis DC. (3, 4) Basteria aculeata Houtt. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 1000–1200 m. KZN Berkheya hispida (L.f.) Willd. (1)
C. hispida (L.f.) Less. (1)
subscandens (A.Rich.) S.Moore = Solanecio angulatus Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 113–
1450 m. WC
*CREPIS L. 9605000
aculeata (Houtt.) Roessler var. sublanata (DC.) Roessler
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman C. sublanata DC. (1)
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 633–635. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, sprawling. Ht 0.2–1 m.
(2) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 209–212. Alt 200–1525 m. WC
tropicale 4: 274, 275. adnata DC. = C. setosa var. adnata
(4) Jeffrey & Beentje. 2000. FTEA Compositae (Part 1): 66–73.
bisulca (Thunb.) Less.
capillaris (L.) Wallr. Berkheya bisulca (Thunb.) Willd. (1)
C. virens L. (1) Rohria bisulca Thunb. (1)
Lapsana capillaris L. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 15–1405 m. NC,
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt 1200–1400 m. KZN, WC
EC carlinoides DC.
hypochaeridea (DC.) Thell. C. cirsioides DC. var. carlinoides (DC.) Harv. (1)
Anisoramphus hypochaerideus DC. (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 60–550 m. WC
C. hypochaeridea (DC.) Thell. var. genuina Thell. (1, 2)
C. hypochaeridea (DC.) Thell. var. junodiana Thell. (1, 2) ciliaris (L.) R.Br. subsp. angustifolia (Hutch.) Roessler
C. hypochaeridea (DC.) Thell. var. woodii Thell. (1, 2) C. ciliaris (L.) R.Br. var. angustifolia Hutch. (1)
C. polyodon (Fr.) E.Phillips (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 170–730 m.
Hieracium polyodon Fr. (1) WC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Cotula

ciliaris (L.) R.Br. subsp. ciliaris squarrosa (L.) R.Br.

Berkheya ciliaris (L.) Willd. (1) Berkheya squarrosa (L.) Willd. (1)
Gorteria ciliaris L. (1) Gorteria squarrosa L. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, sprawling. Ht 0.35–0.5 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, sprawling. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt
60–787 m. WC 70–200 m. WC
ciliaris (L.) R.Br. var. angustifolia Hutch. = C. ciliaris stricta Compton = C. sulcata var. sulcata
subsp. angustifolia sublanata DC. = C. aculeata var. sublanata
cirsioides DC. sulcata (Thunb.) Less. var. intercedens Roessler
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 60–1150 m. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 200–
WC, EC 1000 m. WC
cirsioides DC. var. carlinoides (DC.) Harv. = C. carli- sulcata (Thunb.) Less. var. sulcata
noides Berkheya sulcata (Thunb.) Willd. (1)
decurrens Less. C. stricta Compton (1)
C. reflexa Sch.Bip. (1) Rohria sulcata Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 151–915 m. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 245–
WC, EC 1067 m. WC
floccosa E.Mey. ex DC. CUSPIDIA Gaertn. 9438010
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt ± 190 m.
WC
hispida (L.f.) Less. = C. aculeata var. aculeata München 3: 315–319.
massoni S.Moore = C. pectinata (2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 316.
micracantha DC. cernua (L.f.) B.L.Burtt subsp. annua (Less.) Roessler
C. obovata E.Mey. ex DC. (1) Didelta annua Less. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt ± 200 m. Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 590–1383 m. NC, EC
WC cernua (L.f.) B.L.Burtt subsp. cernua
obovata E.Mey. ex DC. = C. micracantha Didelta cernua (L.f.) Less. (1)
Gorteria cernua L.f. (1)
patula (Thunb.) Less. subsp. patula
Berkheya patula (Thunb.) Willd. (1) Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 5–610 m. EC
Rohria patula Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 455–915 m. *CYANTHILLIUM Blume 8751050
WC, EC Compiled by N. Netnou
(1) Robinson. 1990. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washing-
patula (Thunb.) Less. subsp. uncinata Roessler ton 103: 248−253.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1.3 m. Alt 61– (2) Isawumi. 1995. Compositae Newsletter 26: 11−21.
1000 m. WC cinereum (L.) H.Rob. var. cinereum
pectinata (Thunb.) Less. Conyza cinerea L. (2)
Berkheya pectinata (Thunb.) Willd. (1) Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less. var. cinerea (2)
C. massoni S.Moore (1) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.35 m. Alt 0−800 m. LIM, S,
Rohria pectinata Thunb. (1) KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 765–1250 m. NC
reflexa Sch.Bip. = C. decurrens CYANUS Juss. 9476020
rigida DC. segetum Hill = Centaurea cyanus
WC CYATHOPAPPUS Sch.Bip. 9041010
selago Roessler metalasioides Sch.Bip. = Elytropappus hispidus
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt ±
300 m. WC CYMBOPAPPUS B.Nord. 9341040
setosa (L.) R.Br. var. adnata (DC.) Harv.
C. adnata DC. (1) (1) Nordenstam. 1976. Botaniska Notiser 129: 150–157.
(2) Nordenstam. 1987. Opera Botanica 92: 147.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt ± 200 m. WC (3) Källersjö. 1988. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 96:
setosa (L.) R.Br. var. araneosa Roessler 308.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 500–700 adenosolen (Harv.) B.Nord.
m. WC Chrysanthemum carnosulum DC. var. filifolium Harv. (1)
Marasmodes adenosolen Harv. (1)
setosa (L.) R.Br. var. microcephala Roessler
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 70–1700 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 25–1370 m. WC
WC hilliardiae B.Nord.
setosa (L.) R.Br. var. setosa Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1000–1500 m.
Berkheya setosa (L.) Willd. (1) EC
Gorteria setosa L. (1) lasiopodus (Hutch.) B.Nord. = C. piliferus
1371 m. WC piliferus (Thell.) B.Nord.
Chrysanthemum lasiopodum Hutch. (2)
setosa Sieber ex DC. = Polyarrhena reflexa subsp. C. lasiopodus (Hutch.) B.Nord. (2)
reflexa Matricaria pilifera Thell. (2)
ASTERACEAE Cullumia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.42 m. Alt 1500–2000 m. M Stoebe cernua Thunb. (1)

Stoebe cupressina Rchb. (1)
CYNARA L. 9463000 Stoebe rhinocerotis L.f. (1)
glomerata Thunb. = Platycarpha glomerata 1900 m. NC, WC, EC
CYPSELODONTIA DC. 9067000 DICHROCEPHALA L’Hér. ex DC. 8866000
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 123, 124. (1) Fayed. 1979. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
eckloniana DC. München 15: 491–512.
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht? Alt? EC auriculata (Thunb.) Druce = D. integrifolia subsp. inte-
grifolia
DELAIREA Lem. 9411090 capensis (Less.) DC. = D. integrifolia subsp. integrifolia
integrifolia (L.f.) Kuntze subsp. integrifolia
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 491, 492. Cotula bicolor Roth (1)
(2) Jeffrey. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 933. D. auriculata (Thunb.) Druce (1)
(3) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 39. D. capensis (Less.) DC. (1)
odorata Lem. D. latifolia (Lam.) DC. (1)
Senecio mikanioides Otto ex Harv. (2) Ethulia auriculata Thunb. (1)
Senecio scandens DC. (1) Grangea latifolia Lam. (1)
Hippia bicolor (Roth) Smith (1)
Perennial. Herb, climber, succulent. Alt 365–1900 m. Hippia integrifolia L.f. (1)
KZN, L, WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 15–1830 m. LIM, NW,
G?, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
DENEKIA Thunb. 8949000
latifolia (Lam.) DC. = D. integrifolia subsp. integrifo-
lia
capensis Thunb. DICOMA Cass. 9501000
Amphidoxa glandulosa Klatt (1)
Compiled by N. Netnou & P.P.J. Herman
D. capensis Thunb. var. latifolia DC. (1)
D. capensis Thunb. var. minor DC. (1) (1) Wilson. 1923. Kew Bulletin 1923: 377−388.
D. glabrata DC. (1) (2) Compton. 1932. Journal of Botany 70: 286.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.7 m. Alt 30–2400 m. N, B, (3) Bremekamp. 1933. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 263, 264.
(4) Schweickerdt. 1935. Kew Bulletin 1935: 206, 207.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC (5) Phillips. 1936. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 16: t. 625.
capensis Thunb. var. latifolia DC. = D. capensis (6) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 47−51.
(7) Wild. 1972. Kirkia 8: 178−192.
capensis Thunb. var. minor DC. = D. capensis (8) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 582−586.
glabrata DC. = D. capensis (9) Pope. 1991. Kew Bulletin 46: 699−709.
(10) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 29−44.
DETRIS Adans. 8919040 (11) Ortíz & Rodriguez-Oubiña. 1996. Nordic Journal of Botany 16:
583, 584.
barbata (DC.) Schltr. = Felicia ovata (12) Ortíz & Pulgar. 2000. Nordic Journal of Botany 20: 347−351.
(13) Ortíz. 2001. Taxon 50: 733–744.
dinteri S.Moore = Felicia muricata subsp. cinerascens (14) Ortíz & Pulgar. 2002. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
ericifolia (Forssk.) Hiern var. anthemidodes Hiern = 139,3: 317–322.
Felicia anthemidodes anomala in sense of Wild, misapplied name = D. anom-
hyssopifolia (P.J.Bergius) Hiern var. straminea Hiern = ala subsp. gerrardii
Felicia mossamedensis anomala Sond. subsp. anomala
mossamedensis Hiern = Felicia mossamedensis D. anomala Sond. subsp. cirsioides (Harv.) Wild (9)
D. anomala Sond. var. cirsioides Harv. (9)
smaragdina S.Moore = Felicia smaragdina D. anomala Sond. var. latifolia O.Hoffm. (10)
D. anomala Sond. var. sonderi Harv. (10)
smaragdina S.Moore var. versicolor S.Moore = Felicia
smaragdina Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.3 m. Alt 152–
2200 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
tenella (L.) S.Moore = Felicia tenella subsp. tenella
anomala Sond. subsp. cirsioides (Harv.) Wild = D.
DICEROTHAMNUS Koekemoer 9041020 anomala subsp. anomala
Compiled by M. Koekemoer anomala Sond. subsp. gerrardii (Harv. ex F.C.Wilson)
(1) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the Rel- S.Ortíz & Rodr.Oubiña
haniinae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans University. D. anomala in sense of Wild, misapplied name (10)
D. anomala Sond. var. microcephala Harv. (10)
adpressus (Harv.) Koekemoer D. gerrardii Harv. ex F.C.Wilson (11)
Elytropappus adpressus Harv. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1−0.4 m. Alt up to 2335 m. N, B,
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 500– LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC
1700 m. WC, EC
anomala Sond. var. cirsioides Harv. = D. anomala
rhinocerotis (L.f.) Koekemoer subsp. anomala
Elytropappus cernuus (Thunb.) Fourc. (1)
Elytropappus rhinocerotis (L.f.) Less. (1) anomala Sond. var. latifolia O.Hoffm. = D. anomala
Seriphium adpressum DC. (1) subsp. anomala
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Cymbopappus

anomala Sond. var. microcephala Harv. = D. anomala pretoriensis C.A.Sm. = Macledium pretoriense
subsp. gerrardii prostrata Schweick.
anomala Sond. var. sonderi Harv. = D. anomala subsp. Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.3 m. Alt ±
anomala 1733 m. LIM
arenaria Bremek. radiata Less. = D. picta
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.3 m. Alt ± ramosissima Klatt = Pteronia acuminata
1600 m. B, LIM relhanioides Less. = Macledium relhanioides
arenicola Muschl. ex Dinter = D. schinzii schinzii O.Hoffm.
D. arenicola Muschl. ex Dinter (6)
argyrophylla Oliv. = Macledium zeyheri subsp. argy- D. lanata Muschl. ex Dinter (6)
rophyllum Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.3 m. Alt
burmanii (Cass.) Less., illegitimate name = Macledium 550–1900 m. N, B, LIM, NW, FS, NC
spinosum seitziana Dinter = Pteronia eenii
capensis Less. sessiliflora Harv. subsp. sessiliflora var. membranacea
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.6 m. Alt (S.Moore) S.Ortiz & Rodr.Oubiña = Macledium
155–1385 m. N, B, S, NC, WC sessiliflorum subsp. sessiliflorum var. mem-
cuneneensis Wild branaceum
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.4 m. Alt? N speciosa DC. = Macledium speciosum
diacanthoides Less. = Macledium spinosum spinosa (L.) Druce = Macledium spinosum
dinteri S.Moore swazilandica S.Ortíz, Rodr.Oubiña & Pulgar
D. flexuoides Muschl. ex Dinter (6) Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.63 m. Alt ± 1685 m. M, S
D. flexuosa Dinter & Muschl. (6)
thyrsiflora (Klatt) Thell. & Schinz = Macledium zey-
heri subsp. zeyheri
m. N
tomentosa Cass.
flexuoides Muschl. ex Dinter = D. dinteri
Annual. Herb or shrublet. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 305–1525
flexuosa Dinter & Muschl. = D. dinteri m. N, B, LIM, M
fruticosa Compton zeyheri Sond. subsp. argyrophylla (Oliv.) G.V.Pope =
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt ± 762 m. WC Macledium zeyheri subsp. argyrophyllum
galpinii Wilson zeyheri Sond. subsp. zeyheri = Macledium zeyheri
Perennial. Shrub or bushy herb. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt subsp. zeyheri
855–1465 m. N, LIM, M zeyheri Sond. var. thyrsiflora Klatt = Macledium zeyheri
gerrardii Harv. ex F.C.Wilson = D. anomala subsp. subsp. zeyheri
gerrardii
kirkii Harv. subsp. kirkii = Macledium kirkii subsp. DIDELTA L’Hér. 9439000
kirkii Compiled by E. Retief
kirkii Harv. var. microcephala S.Moore = Macledium (1) Roessler. 1959. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
zeyheri subsp. zeyheri München 3: 304–312.
(2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 51–53.
lanata Muschl. ex Dinter = D. schinzii (3) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 317.
latifolia DC. = Macledium latifolium annua Less. = Cuspidia cernua subsp. annua
macrocephala DC. capensis Lam. = D. carnosa var. carnosa
Perennial. Herb, procumbent. Length up to 0.2 m. Alt carnosa (L.f.) Aiton var. carnosa
550–2745 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, NC, D. capensis Lam. (1)
EC D. obtusifolia Cass. (1)
D. tetragoniaefolia L’Hér. (2)
marlothiana Muschl. ex Dinter = D. nachtigallii Distegia acida Klatt (2)
membranacea S.Moore = Macledium sessiliflorum Polymnia carnosa L.f. (1)
subsp. sessiliflorum var. membranaceum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.55 m. Alt 2–1000 m.
montana Schweick. N, NC, WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 1645 m. carnosa (L.f.) Aiton var. tomentosa (Less.) Roessler
LIM D. tomentosa Less. (1)
nachtigallii O.Hoffm. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 5–600 m.
D. marlothiana Muschl. ex Dinter (6) N, NC, WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 1500 m. cernua (L.f.) Less. = Cuspidia cernua subsp. cernua
N obtusifolia Cass. = D. carnosa var. carnosa
obconica S.Ortíz & Pulgar spinosa (L.f.) Aiton
Perennial. Subshrub. Ht ± 1 m. Alt? N Polymnia spinosa L.f. (1)
picta (Thunb.) Druce Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 100–1250 m. N,
D. radiata Less. (1) NC, WC
Leysera picta Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 520–1020 tetragoniaefolia L’Hér. = D. carnosa var. carnosa
m. WC, EC tomentosa Less. = D. carnosa var. tomentosa
ASTERACEAE Dicoma DICOTYLEDONS

DIMORPHOTHECA Vaill. ex 9425000 ecklonis DC.

Moench Osteospermum ecklonis (DC.) Norl. (18)
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 200–
350 m. EC
(1) Lessing. 1832. Synopsis generum Compositarum: 256, 257, 357.
(2) Candolle. 1838. Prodromus 6: 71, 72. ecklonis Harv. in part = D. spectabilis
(3) Harvey. 1862. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 88: t. 5337. flaccida (Vent.) Thell. = D. tragus
(4) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 417–424.
(5) Schlechter. 1897. Journal of Botany, London 35: 220. fruticosa (L.) Less.
(6) Hutchinson. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum 9: 415. Blaxium decumbens Cass. (13, 18)
(7) Phillips. 1922. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 2: t. 57. Calendula diffusa Salisb. (13, 18)
(8) Phillips. 1925. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 5: t. 200. Calendula fruticosa L. (13, 18)
(9) Phillips. 1926. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 6: t. 205. Osteospermum fruticosum (L.) Norl. (18)
(10) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 246. Osteospermum riparium O.Hoffm. (13, 18)
(11) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: t. 347. Perennial. Herb or suffrutex, succulent. Length 0.3–
(12) Phillips. 1936. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 16: t. 629. 0.6 m. Alt 0–50 m. KZN, WC, EC
(13) Norlindh. 1943. Studies in the Calenduleae: 38–97, 237–263.
(14) Norlindh. 1954. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 48: 148–154. graminifolia DC. = D. nudicaulis var. graminifolia
(15) Henderson. 1957. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1249. hybrida (L.) DC. = D. pluvialis
(16) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 53–55.
(17) Norlindh. 1980. Botaniska Notiser 133: 559–563. incrassata Moench = D. pluvialis
(19) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 39.
integrifolia (DC.) Harv. = D. sinuata
acutifolia Hutch. jucunda E.Phillips
Osteospermum jucundum (E.Phillips) Norl. (18)
Calendula scabra P.J.Bergius (13, 14, 18)
D. scabra DC. (13, 14, 18) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1000–3300 m.
D. tragus DC. (13, 14) LIM, G?, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
Osteospermum acutifolium (Hutch.) Norl. (18)
Osteospermum pulchrum Norl. (14, 18) leptocarpa DC. = D. pluvialis
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 100–1500 m. lilacina Regel & Herder = D. barberae
WC montana Norl.
annua Less. = D. pluvialis Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 1500–2300 m.
aurantiaca DC. = D. tragus WC
aurantiaca Hort., not of DC. = D. sinuata montana Norl. var. amoena Norl. = D. venusta var.
barberae Harv. amoena
D. lilacina Regel & Herder (13, 18) montana Norl. var. venusta Norl. = D. venusta var.
Osteospermum barberae (Harv.) Norl. (18) venusta
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 0–500 m. EC
multifida DC. = Garuleum bipinnatum
calendulacea Harv. = D. sinuata nervosa Hutch. = Osteospermum striatum
calendulacea Harv. var. dubia E.Phillips = D. pluvialis nudicaulis (L.) DC. var. graminifolia (DC.) Harv.
× D. sinuata Arctotis tenuifolia Poir. (13, 18)
Calendula graminifolia L. (13, 18)
caulescens (Harv.) Harv. Castalis nudicaulis (L.) Norl. var. graminifolia (L.) Norl. (18)
D. dekindtii O.Hoffm. (13, 18)
D. graminifolia DC. (13, 18)
Osteospermum caulescens Harv. (18)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1200–2100 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 100–600 m. WC
LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC nudicaulis (L.) DC. var. kraussii Sch.Bip. = D. nudi-
chrysanthemifolia (Vent.) DC. caulis var. nudicaulis
Calendula chrysanthemifolia Vent. (13) nudicaulis (L.) DC. var. nudicaulis
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 400– Calendula nudicaulis L. (13, 18)
950 m. WC Castalis nudicaulis (L.) Norl. var. nudicaulis (18)
D. nudicaulis (L.) DC. var. kraussii Sch.Bip. (13, 18)
cuneata (Thunb.) Less. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 60–2000 m. WC
Arctotis glutinosa Sims (13)
Calendula cuneata Thunb. (13) nudicaulis of author, not of DC.; Dinter, concept invalid
Calendula viscosa H.C.Andrews (13) = D. pluvialis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.09–1 m. Alt 20–1917 m. B?,
pinnata (Thunb.) Harv. = Osteospermum pinnatum
NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
var. pinnatum
dekindtii O.Hoffm. = D. caulescens pluvialis (L.) Moench
dentata (DC.) Harv. = D. sinuata Calendula decurrens Thunb. (13)
Calendula hybrida L. (13)
dregei DC. var. dregei Calendula pluvialis L. (13, 16)
Osteospermum dregei (DC.) Norl. var. dregei (18) Calendula versicolor Salisb. (13)
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 50– D. annua Less. (13, 16)
1200 m. WC D. hybrida (L.) DC. (13)
D. incrassata Moench (13)
dregei DC. var. reticulata (Norl.) B.Nord. D. leptocarpa DC. (13)
Osteospermum dregei (DC.) Norl. var. reticulatum Norl. (18) D. nudicaulis of author, not of DC.; Dinter, concept invalid (16)
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 150– Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 20–1190 m. N, NC,
200 m. WC WC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Dimorphotheca

pluvialis (L.) Moench × D. sinuata DC. fruticosus (L.) Levyns = Felicia fruticosa subsp. fruti-
D. calendulacea Harv. var. dubia E.Phillips (13) cosa
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.22 m. Alt 50–1153 m. N, NC, fruticulosus (Willd.) Less. = Felicia fruticosa subsp.
WC fruticosa
polyptera DC. laevigatus Sond. = Aster laevigatus
Osteospermum psammophilum Klatt (13, 16)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Length 0.03–0.5 m. Alt natalensis Sch.Bip. = Aster bakerianus
470–1700 m. N, NC serrulatus Harv. = Aster harveyanus
pseudo-aurantiaca Schinz & Thell. = D. sinuata teretifolius Less. = Felicia filifolia subsp. filifolia
scabra DC. = D. acutifolia DIPLOSTEMMA Steud. 9090020
sinuata DC.
Acanthotheca integrifolia DC. (13) alatum DC. = Geigeria alata
D. aurantiaca Hort., not of DC. (13)
D. calendulacea Harv. (13, 16) DIPLOSTEPHIUM DC. 8900020
D. dentata (DC.) Harv. (13)
D. integrifolia (DC.) Harv. (13) extenuatum Nees = Felicia fruticosa subsp. fruticosa
D. pseudo-aurantiaca Schinz & Thell. (13, 16) filifolium (Vent.) Nees = Felicia filifolia subsp. filifolia
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 15–1525 m. N, NC, fruticulosum (Willd.) Nees = Felicia fruticosa subsp.
WC fruticosa
spectabilis Schltr. longipes Cass. = Felicia fruticosa subsp. fruticosa
Castalis spectabilis (Schltr.) Norl. (18)
D. ecklonis Harv. in part (13, 18) teretifolium (Less.) Nees = Felicia filifolia subsp. filifolia
LIM, NW, G, M
DISPARAGO Gaertn. 9039000
tragus (Aiton) B.Nord.
Calendula flaccida Vent. (13, 18) (1) Koekemoer. 1993. Bothalia 23: 197–206.
Calendula tragus Aiton (13, 18) (2) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the
Calendula tragus Aiton var. flaccida (Vent.) Pers. (13, 18) Relhaniinae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans
Castalis tragus (Aiton) Norl. var. pinnatifida Norl. (18) University.
Castalis tragus (Aiton) Norl. var. tragus (13, 18) anomala Schltr. ex Levyns
Castalis ventenati Cass. (13, 18)
D. aurantiaca DC. (13, 18)
D. flaccida (Vent.) Thell. (13, 18) 0–500 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 1200–1900 m. NC, barbata Koekemoer = Monticapra barbata
WC ericoides of author, not of (P.J.Bergius) Gaertn. = Gon-
tragus DC. = D. acutifolia gyloglossa tortilis
venusta (Norl.) Norl. var. amoena (Norl.) Norl. ericoides (P.J.Bergius) Gaertn.
D. montana Norl. var. amoena Norl. (17) D. hoffmanniana Schltr. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Length up to 0.6 m. Alt 1500–2000 D. lasiocarpa Cass. (1)
m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 0–600
m. WC
venusta (Norl.) Norl. var. venusta
D. montana Norl. var. venusta Norl. (17) gomphrenoides Sch.Bip. = Myrovernix gnaphaloides
Perennial. Herb. Length up to 1 m. Alt 600–1800 m. gongylodes Koekemoer = Monticapra gongylodes
WC hoffmanniana Schltr. = D. ericoides
walliana (Norl.) B.Nord. kolbei (Bolus) Hutch. = Laevicarpa kolbei
Osteospermum wallianum Norl. (18)
kraussii Sch.Bip.
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt 0–300
zeyheri Sond. m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 155–2835 m. NW, lasiocarpa Cass. = D. ericoides
FS, L, NC, EC
laxifolia DC.
DIPLOPAPPUS Cass. 8900010 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 0–600 m.
WC
asper Less. = Aster bakerianus pilosa Koekemoer = Monticapra pilosa
asper Less. var. pleiocephalus Harv. = Aster pleioce- rosea Hutch. = Laevicarpa kolbei
phalus
tortilis (DC.) Sch.Bip. = Gongyloglossa tortilis
elongatus DC. = Felicia filifolia subsp. schlechteri
extenuatus (Nees) DC. = Felicia fruticosa subsp. fruti- DISTEGIA Klatt 9439010
cosa
acida Klatt = Didelta carnosa var. carnosa
filifolius (Vent.) DC. = Felicia filifolia subsp. filifolia
filifolius (Vent.) DC. var. elongatus (DC.) Harv. = DISTEPHANUS Cass. 8751020
Felicia filifolia subsp. schlechteri Compiled by N. Netnou
filifolius (Vent.) DC. var. teretifolius (Less.) DC. = (1) Robinson & Kahn. 1986. Proceedings of the Biological Society of
Felicia filifolia subsp. filifolia Washington 99,3: 493–501.
ASTERACEAE Dimorphotheca DICOTYLEDONS

angolensis (O.Hoffm.) H.Rob. & B.Kahn alata Thunb. = Hertia alata

Antunesia angolensis (O.Hoffm.) O.Hoffm. (1)
Gongrothamnus angolensis (O.Hoffm.) Hiern (1) arbuscula (Thunb.) DC. = Othonna arbuscula
Newtonia angolensis O.Hoffm. (1) bipinnata Thunb. = Senecio pinnatifidus
Vernonia angolensis (O.Hoffm.) N.E.Br. (1)
Vernonia lutea N.E.Br. (1) carnosa DC. = Othonna retrofracta
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt up to 1850 m. N ceradia Harv. = Othonna furcata
angulifolius (DC.) H.Rob. & B.Kahn chromochaeta DC. = Othonna chromochaeta
Vernonia angulifolia DC. (1)
ciliata Harv. = Hertia ciliata
Perennial. Shrub, scandent or climber. Ht 1–6 m. Alt
10–500 m. KZN, EC cluytiifolia DC. = Hertia cluytiifolia
anisochaetoides (Sond.) H.Rob. & B.Kahn cneorifolia DC. = Lopholaena cneorifolia
Vernonia anisochaetoides Sond. (1) denticulata Thunb. = Senecio othonniflorus
Perennial. Climbing shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 0–1518
digitata (L.) Less. = Othonna digitata
m. S, KZN, EC
diversifolia DC. = Othonna diversifolia
divaricatus (Steetz) H.Rob. & B.Kahn
Gongrothamnus aurantiacus O.Hoffm. (1) eriocarpa DC. = Othonna eriocarpa
Gongrothamnus divaricatus Steetz (1)
Vernonia aurantiaca (O.Hoffm.) N.E.Br. (1)
erosa Thunb. = Cineraria erosa
Vernonia vitellina N.E.Br. (1) gymnodiscus DC. = Othonna gymnodiscus
Perennial. Shrub, scandent or climber. Ht 1–8 m. Alt incisa Thunb. = Senecio erosus
0–980 m. N, B, M, KZN
kraussii Sch.Bip. = Hertia kraussii
*DITTRICHIA Greuter 9061005 lasiocarpa DC. = Othonna lasiocarpa
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman linearifolia DC. = Othonna lineariifolia
(1) Henderson & Anderson. 1966. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey
of South Africa No. 37: 380, 381.
lingua Less. = Othonna lingua
(2) Greuter. 1973. Exsiccatorum genavensium a conservatorio bota- longipes Harv. = Lopholaena longipes
nico distributorum fasciculus 4: 71.
(3) Wells et al. 1986. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South perfoliata (Thunb.) DC. = Othonna perfoliata
Africa No. 53: 302. pinnatifida Thunb. = Senecio tuberosus
(4) Anderberg. 1991. Plant Systematics and Evolution 176: 104.
undulata Thunb. = Senecio petiolaris
graveolens (L.) Greuter
Erigeron graveolens L. (2)
Inula graveolens (L.) Desf. (2, 4)
DYMONDIA Compton 9432050
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–0.9 m. Alt 15–300 m. WC Compiled by E. Retief
(1) Compton. 1953. Journal of South African Botany 19: 110.
DOELLIA Sch.Bip. emended 8939010 (2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 318.
Anderb. margaretae Compton
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Perennial. Herb, mat-forming. Spread up to 150 mm.
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 114, 115. Alt ± 160–200 m. WC
(2) Anderberg. 1995. Willdenowia 25: 19–24.
cafra (DC.) Anderb. *ECLIPTA L. 9166000
Blumea cafra (DC.) O.Hoffm. (2) Compiled by N. Netnou
Blumea natalensis Sch.Bip. (1, 2)
Conyza cafra DC. (1, 2) (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 303, 304.
Conyza natalensis Sch.Bip. (1, 2) alba (L.) Hassk. = E. prostrata
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 10–2000 m. N, B, erecta L. = E. prostrata
LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
prostrata (L.) L.
DOLICHOTHRIX Hilliard & 9045020 E. alba (L.) Hassk. (1)
E. erecta L. (1)
B.L.Burtt Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 2–1005 m. N, B, LIM,
Compiled by M. Koekemoer M, S, KZN, EC
(1) Hilliard & Burtt. 1981. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
82: 181–232. ECLOPES Gaertn. 9050010
(2) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the Rel-
haniinae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans University. apiculata DC. = Relhania calycina subsp. apiculata
ericoides (Lam.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt centauroides (L.) DC. = Athanasia crenata
Bryomorphe lycopodioides (Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) Levyns (2)
Helichrysum ericoides (Lam.) Pers. (1) parallelinervis Less. var. angustifolia DC. = Relhania
Klenzea lycopodioides Sch.Bip. (2) pungens subsp. angustifolia
Stoebe nivea Thunb. (2)
Xeranthemum ericoides Lam. (1)
sedifolia DC. = Oedera sedifolia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 1100–2300 speciosa DC. = Relhania speciosa
m. WC, EC
EDMONDIA Cass. 9006020
DORIA Less. 9420020 Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
abrotanifolia Harv. = Othonna abrotanifolia (1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 314–317.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Distephanus

bicolor Cass. = E. sesamoides cernuus (Thunb.) Fourc. = Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis

bracteata Cass. = E. pinifolia cyathiformis DC. = E. hispidus
fasciculata (Andrews) Hilliard glandulosus Less. = Myrovernix glandulosus
Aphelexis fasciculata (Andrews) D.Don (1)
Helichrysum fasciculatum (Andrews) Willd. (1)
glandulosus Less. var. ambiguus (DC.) Harv. = Myro-
Helichrysum sesamoides (L.) Willd. var. fasciculatum (Andrews) vernix gnaphaloides
Harv. (1) glandulosus Less. var. longifolius DC. = Myrovernix
Helipterum fasciculatum (Andrews) DC. (1)
Xeranthemum fasciculatum Andrews (1)
muricata
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.75 m. Alt 500–1500 m. glandulosus Less. var. microphyllus DC. in part = Myro-
NC, WC vernix scaber
pinifolia (Lam.) Hilliard glandulosus Less. var. pallens DC. = Myrovernix muri-
Aphelexis humilis (Andrews) D.Don (1) cata
E. bracteata Cass. (1)
Gnaphalium squamosum (Jacq.) Sch.Bip. (1) gnaphaloides (L.) Levyns = Myrovernix gnaphaloides
Helichrysum humile (Andrews) Less. (1) hispidus (L.f.) Druce
Helichrysum longebracteatum Schrank (1) Cyathopappus metalasioides Sch.Bip. (2)
Helichrysum pinifolium (Lam.) Schrank (1) E. cyathiformis DC. (3)
Helichrysum spectabile Lodd. (1) E. spinellosus Cass. (1)
Helichrysum squamosum (Jacq.) Thunb. (1) Gnaphalium hispidum L.f. (2)
Helipterum humile (Andrews) DC. (1) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1400–
Helipterum humile (Andrews) DC. var. pinifolium (Lam.) DC. (1)
Xeranthemum humile Andrews (1) 1800 m. WC
Xeranthemum pinifolium Lam. (1) longifolius (DC.) Levyns = Myrovernix muricata
Xeranthemum squamosum Jacq. (1)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.25–0.75 m. Alt 395–2450 monticola Koekemoer
m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 600–800 m. WC
sesamoides (L.) Hilliard muricella Steud. ex Sch.Bip. = Myrovernix scaber
Aphelexis filiformis D.Don (1) rhinocerotis (L.f.) Less. = Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis
Aphelexis sesamoides (L.) D.Don (1)
E. bicolor Cass. (1) ruscianus Dinter = Seriphium plumosum
E. splendens Cass. (1) scaber Kuntze = Myrovernix gnaphaloides
Gnaphalium sesamoides (L.) Kuntze (1)
Helichrysum filiforme (D.Don) Less. (1) scaber (L.f.) Druce = Myrovernix scaber
Helichrysum pseudofasciculatum Schrank (1) spinellosus Cass. = E. hispidus
Helichrysum sesamoides (L.) Willd. (1)
Helichrysum sesamoides (L.) Willd. var. filiforme (D.Don) Harv. (1)
Helichrysum sesamoides (L.) Willd. var. heterophyllum Harv. (1) EMILIA Cass. 9411010
Helichrysum sesamoides (L.) Willd. var. willdenowii Harv. (1) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Helipterum filiforme (D.Don) DC. (1) (1) Candolle. 1838. Prodromus 6: 301, 302.
Helipterum sesamoides (L.) DC. (1) (2) Hoffmann. 1903. Kunene-Sambesi Expedition: 422, 423.
Xeranthemum sesamoides L. (1) (3) Moore. 1906. Journal of the Linnean Society of Botany 37: 449,
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.25–0.75 m. Alt 20–1524 m. 450.
NC, WC (4) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 55, 56.
splendens Cass. = E. sesamoides (6) Jeffrey. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 908–920.
(7) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs
EENIA Hiern 9096010 d’Afrique tropicale 4: 280–282.
damarensis Hiern & S.Moore = Anisopappus pinnati- (8) Manning & Goldblatt. 2001. Bothalia 31: 46–48.
fidus albocostata Hiern = E. marlothiana
ambifaria (S.Moore) C.Jeffrey
ELPHEGEA Less. 8919050 Othonna ambifaria S.Moore (6)
bergeriana (Spreng.) Less. = Felicia bergeriana Othonna polycephala Klatt (6)
Othonna rosea Klatt (6)
microcephala Less. = Zyrphelis microcephala Senecio dinteri Muschl. ex Dinter (6)
reflexa (L.) Less. = Polyarrhena reflexa subsp. reflexa Senecio schinzii O.Hoffm. (6)
Annual, occ. biennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–1.2 m.
ELYTROPAPPUS Cass. 9041000 Alt 274–1067 m. N, B, LIM, NW
Compiled by M. Koekemoer hantamensis J.C.Manning & Goldblatt
(1) Druce. 1917. Second Supplement to Botanical Society & Ex- Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 300–900 m. NC
change Club of the British Isles 4: 601–653. limosa (O.Hoffm.) C.Jeffrey
(2) Levyns. 1935. Journal of South African Botany 1: 89–103. Senecio limosus O.Hoffm. (6)
(3) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the Relha-
niinae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans University. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt? LIM
adpressus Harv. = Dicerothamnus adpressus marlothiana (O.Hoffm.) C.Jeffrey
E. albocostata Hiern (6)
ambiguus DC. = Myrovernix gnaphaloides Othonna glauca Klatt (6)
Senecio marlothianus O.Hoffm. (6)
aridus Koekemoer Senecio viridiflorus Hutch. (6)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 900–2000 m. WC Perennial. Herb or suffrutex, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m.
canescens DC. = Myrovernix gnaphaloides Alt 400–2100 m. N
ASTERACEAE Edmondia DICOTYLEDONS

protracta S.Moore Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 915–1463 m.

Annual? Herb, hydrophyte. Ht? Alt? N LIM, G, M, S, KZN, WC
tenellula (S.Moore) C.Jeffrey kraussii Sch.Bip. = Nidorella auriculata
Senecio tenellulus S.Moore (6)
linifolius Willd. = Conyza bonariensis
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? B
molle D.Don = Blumea dregeanoides
transvaalensis (Bolus) C.Jeffrey
Senecio thermarum Bolus (5, 6) natalensis Sch.Bip. = Microglossa mespilifolia
Senecio transvaalensis Bolus (6)
persicariifolius Benth. = Conyza attenuata
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.15–
0.45 m. Alt 152–1920 m. B, LIM, G, M, S, KZN pinnatifidum Thunb. = Conyza pinnatifida
pinnatus L.f. = Conyza pinnata
ENGLERIA O.Hoffm. 8861000 scabrum Thunb. = Pulicaria scabra
Compiled by E. Retief sprengelii Sch.Bip. = Nidorella auriculata
(1) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 56, 57.
sumatrensis Retz. = Conyza albida
africana O.Hoffm.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 700–1200 m. N ERIOCARPHA Lag. ex DC. 9321040
africana O.Hoffm. var. radiata Oliv. = E. decumbens peduncularis Lag. ex DC. = Lasiospermum peduncu-
decumbens (Welw. ex Hiern) Hiern lare
Adenogonum decumbens Welw. ex Hiern (1)
E. africana O.Hoffm. var. radiata Oliv. (1) ERIOCEPHALUS L. 9320000
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt ± 1850 m. N
ENYDRA Lour. 9164000 (1) Burchell. 1822. Travels in the interior of southern Africa 1: 232,
259, 272.
Compiled by N. Netnou (2) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 199–204.
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 303. (3) Schlechter. 1899. Botanische Jahrbücher 27: 206.
(4) Smith. 1931. Kew Bulletin 1931: 100–102.
fluctuans Lour. (5) Burtt Davy. 1935. Journal of South African Botany 1: 106.
Perennial. Herb, helophyte. Length up to 0.3 m. Alt ± (6) Adamson & Salter. 1950. Flora of the Cape Peninsula: 800.
9 m. KZN (7) Nordenstam. 1964. Journal of South African Botany 30: 49–52.
(8) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 58–62.
EPALTES Cass. 8953000 (9) Müller et al. 2001. FSA 33,4,1: 1–63.
alata (Sond.) Steetz = Litogyne gariepina affinis DC. = E. racemosus var. affinis
gariepina (DC.) Steetz = Litogyne gariepina africanus L. var. africanus
E. corymbosus Moench (9)
E. frutescens R.Br. (9)
EREMOTHAMNUS O.Hoffm. 9373000 E. septifer Cass. (9)
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman E. septulifer DC. (9)
E. variifolius Salisb. (9)
(1) Hoffmann. 1889. Botanische Jahrbücher 10: 278, 279.
(2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 58. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 0–100 m. WC
(3) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 39. africanus L. var. paniculatus (Cass.) M.A.N.Müller,
marlothianus O.Hoffm. P.P.J.Herman & H.H.Kolberg
Pteronia aizoides Muschl. (2) E. paniculatus Cass. (9)
Pteronia marlothiana (O.Hoffm.) Dinter (2) E. racemosus Gaertn. (9)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt E. sericeus Gaudich. ex DC. (9)
E. umbellulatus Cass. (9)
0–60 m. N E. umbellulatus Cass. var. argenteus DC. (9)
E. umbellulatus Cass. var. glabriusculus DC. (9)
*ERIGERON L. 8901000 Monochlaena racemosus Cass. (9)
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 100–3000 m. NC,
(1) Linnaeus. 1755. Centuria plantarum I: 80. WC, EC
(2) Desfontaines. 1799. Flora atlantica 2: 275. ambiguus (DC.) M.A.N.Müller
(3) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 67, 68. E. aspalathoides DC. var. ambiguus DC. (9)
aegyptiacus L. = Conyza aegyptiaca Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 0–300 m. N, B,
alatum D.Don = Laggera crispata NC, WC, EC
bonariensis L. = Conyza bonariensis aromaticus C.A.Sm.
canadensis L. = Conyza canadensis
WC, EC
capense Houtt. = Vernonia capensis
aspalathoides DC. = E. decussatus
crispus Pourr. = Conyza bonariensis
aspalathoides DC. var. ambiguus DC. = E. ambiguus
floribundus (Kunth) Sch.Bip. = Conyza albida
brevifolius (DC.) M.A.N.Müller
gouanii L. = Conyza gouanii E. punctulatus DC. var. brevifolius DC. (9)
graveolens L. = Dittrichia graveolens Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 900–2000 m.
incisum Thunb. = Conyza ulmifolia NC, WC
*karvinskianus DC. capitellatus DC.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Emilia

Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–1.2 m. Alt 900–2000 m. microcephalus DC.

WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 600–2000 m. NC
corymbosus Moench = E. africanus var. africanus microphyllus DC. var. carnosus M.A.N.Müller
decussatus Burch. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 2000–3000 m.
E. aspalathoides DC. (9) WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 1000–2500 m. microphyllus DC. var. microphyllus
NC, WC E. glaber Thunb. var. pubescens Harv. (9)
dinteri S.Moore Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt 100–1000 m. NC
E. parviflorus Dinter (9) microphyllus DC. var. pubescens (DC.) M.A.N.Müller
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1000–2500 m. N E. pubescens DC. (9)
eenii S.Moore = E. luederitzianus Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt 1000–2500 m.
NC, WC
ericoides (L.f.) Druce subsp. ericoides
E. glaber Thunb. (9) namaquensis M.A.N.Müller
E. glaber Thunb. var. sessiliflorus Sond. ex Harv. (9) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–0.45 m. Alt 1000–2500 m.
Tarchonanthus ericoides L.f. (9) NC, WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 350–1700 m. N, FS,
paniculatus Cass. = E. africanus var. paniculatus
NC, WC, EC
parviflorus Dinter = E. dinteri
ericoides (L.f.) Druce subsp. griquensis M.A.N.Müller
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 300–1500 m. NC pauperrimus Merxm. & Eberle
eximius DC.
NC, WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1000–2400 m. FS,
L, NC, WC, EC pedicellaris DC.
E. pteronioides DC. (9)
frutescens R.Br. = E. africanus var. africanus E. punctulatus DC. var. pedicellaris (DC.) Harv. (9)
giessii M.A.N.Müller Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt 100–600 m. NC,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.35–0.45 m. Alt 1000–2500 m. WC
N petrophiloides DC. = Euryops multifidus
glaber Thunb. = E. ericoides subsp. ericoides pinnatus O.Hoffm.
glaber Thunb. var. pubescens Harv. = E. microphyllus Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.35–0.45 m. Alt up
var. microphyllus to 1525 m. N
glaber Thunb. var. sessiliflorus Sond. ex Harv. = E. eri- pteronioides DC. = E. pedicellaris
coides subsp. ericoides pubescens DC. = E. microphyllus var. pubescens
glandulosus M.A.N.Müller punctulatus DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 500–1500 m. NC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 300–2000 m. NC,
WC, EC WC
grandiflorus M.A.N.Müller punctulatus DC. var. brevifolius DC. = E. brevifolius
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 1500–3000 m. punctulatus DC. var. pedicellaris (DC.) Harv. = E. pedi-
NC, WC cellaris
hirsutus Burtt Davy = E. luederitzianus punctulatus DC. var. tenuifolius (DC.) Harv. = E. tenui-
karooicus M.A.N.Müller folius
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 0–300 m. FS, purpureus Burch.
NC, EC E. xerophilus Schltr. (9)
kingesii Merxm. & Eberle Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 300–1500 m. NC,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 30–150 m. N WC
klinghardtensis M.A.N.Müller racemosus L. var. affinis (DC.) Harv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.35–0.6 m. Alt 1000–1500 m. N E. affinis DC. (9)
longifolius M.A.N.Müller
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 1700–2500 m. racemosus L. var. racemosus
E. simplicifolius Salisb. (9)
LIM E. spicatus Burm. ex DC. (9)
luederitzianus O.Hoffm. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–2 m. Alt 0–100 m. WC, EC
E. eenii S.Moore (9)
E. hirsutus Burtt Davy (9) racemosus Gaertn. = E. africanus var. paniculatus
E. squarrosus Muschl. (9)
rangei Muschl. = E. scariosus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 50–1500 m. N, B,
LIM scariosissimus S.Moore = E. scariosus
macroglossus B.Nord. scariosus DC.
E. rangei Muschl. (9)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 610–915 m. NC E. scariossisimus S.Moore (9)
merxmuelleri M.A.N.Müller E. virgatus Dinter (9)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 500–1500 m. N, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 500–1500 m. N,
NC NC
ASTERACEAE Eriocephalus DICOTYLEDONS

septifer Cass. = E. africanus var. africanus *ETHULIA L.f. 8734000

septulifer DC. = E. africanus var. africanus Compiled by N. Netnou
sericeus Gaudich. ex DC. = E. africanus var. panicula- (1) Gilbert & Jeffrey. 1988. Kew Bulletin 43: 165−173.
tus alata Sond. = Litogyne gariepina
simplicifolius Salisb. = E. racemosus var. racemosus auriculata Thunb. = Dichrocephala integrifolia subsp.
spicatus Burm. ex DC. = E. racemosus var. racemosus integrifolia
spinescens Burch. conyzoides L.f. subsp. conyzoides
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 0–300 m. NC, WC Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.45–2 m. Alt
squarrosus Muschl. = E. luederitzianus 2–2200 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
tenuifolius DC. conyzoides L.f. subsp. kraussii (Walp.) M.G.Gilbert &
E. punctulatus DC. var. tenuifolius (DC.) Harv. (9) C.Jeffrey
E. kraussii Walp. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.3 m. Alt 1000–2500 m. M,
FS, L, NC, WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 5–900 m. KZN
tenuipes C.A.Sm. gariepina DC. = Litogyne gariepina
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 900–2500 m. EC kraussii Walp. = E. conyzoides subsp. kraussii
umbellulatus Cass. = E. africanus var. paniculatus EUMORPHIA DC. 9323000
umbellulatus Cass. var. argenteus DC. = E. africanus Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
var. paniculatus (1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 153.
umbellulatus Cass. var. glabriusculus DC. = E. africa- (2) Bolus. 1906. Transactions of the South African Philosophical
nus var. paniculatus Society 16: 387, 388.
(3) Phillips. 1950. Journal of South African Botany 16: 20.
variifolius Salisb. = E. africanus var. africanus (4) Compton. 1967. Journal of South African Botany 33: 300.
virgatus Dinter = E. scariosus (5) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 331–333.
xerophilus Schltr. = E. purpureus Edinburgh 40: 248, 249.
(7) Källersjö. 1985. Nordic Journal of Botany 5: 538.
ERIOSPHAERA F.Dietr. 9321020 corymbosa E.Phillips
multifida F.Dietr. = Lasiospermum pedunculare Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1000–1828 m. WC
davyi Bolus
ERIOSPHAERA Less. 9002000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.18–2 m. Alt 1200–2286 m.
catipes DC. = Helichrysum catipes LIM, M
dregeana DC.
coriacea DC. = Helichrysum rotundatum Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1311–1980 m. FS,
oculus-cati (L.f.) Less. = Galeomma oculus-cati EC
stenolepis (S.Moore) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt = Galeomma prostrata Bolus
stenolepis Perennial. Shrub. Length 0.17–0.6 m. Alt 1830–2970
m. KZN, L, EC
ERLANGEA Sch.Bip. 8740000 sericea J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans subsp. robustior
Compiled by N. Netnou Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
(1) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 62, 63. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.75–2 m. Alt 2073–2633 m. EC
(2) Wild. 1977. Kirkia 10,2: 362−364.
sericea J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans subsp. sericea
laxa (N.E.Br.) S.Moore = Bothriocline laxa Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1.3 m. Alt 2438–3414
misera (Oliv. & Hiern) S.Moore m. FS, KZN, L, EC
E. schinzii O.Hoffm. (2) swaziensis Compton
Vernonia merenskiana Dinter ex Merxm., naked name (1)
Vernonia misera Oliv. & Hiern (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1219–1372 m. S
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 420−2100 m. N, B,
LIM, NW, NC
EUPATORIUM L. 8816000
adenophorum Spreng. = Ageratina adenophora
remifolia Wild & G.V.Pope
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 1525 m. B africanum Oliv. & Hiern = Stomatanthes africanus
schinzii O.Hoffm. = E. misera coloratum Willd. = Vernonia colorata subsp. colorata
conyzoides Vahl = Chromolaena odorata
EROEDA Levyns 9322010 divaricatum P.J.Bergius = Pteronia divaricata
capensis (L.) Levyns = Oedera capensis macrocephalum Less. = Campuloclinium macroce-
hirta (Thunb.) Levyns = Oedera hirta phalum
imbricata (Lam.) Levyns = Oedera imbricata odoratum L. = Chromolaena odorata
intermedia (DC.) Levyns = Oedera imbricata retrofractum Thunb. = Pegolettia retrofracta
laevis (DC.) Levyns = Oedera laevis riparium Regel = Ageratina riparia
muirii (C.A.Sm.) Levyns = Oedera laevis rugosum Houtt. = Ageratina altissima
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Eriocephalus

EURYOPS (Cass.) Cass. 9417000 brachypodus (DC.) B.Nord.

Gamolepis brachypoda DC. (4)
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Gamolepis brachypoda DC. var. integrifolia Harv. (4)
(1) Bolus. 1906. Transactions of the South African Philosophical Gamolepis brachypoda DC. var. tridens Harv. (4)
Society 16: 389–392. Osteospermum heterophyllum DC. (4)
(2) Phillips. 1928. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 8: t. 282. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 0–1000 m. EC
(3) Coetzee. 1959. The Flowering Plants of Africa 33: t. 1305.
(4) Nordenstam. 1968. Opera Botanica 20: 1–409. brevilobus Compton
(5) Claassen. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 39: t. 1553. E. serra of author, not of DC.; Hutch., concept invalid (4)
(6) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 600–900 m. WC
d’Afrique tropicale 4: 285.
brevipapposus M.D.Hend.
abrotanifolius (L.) DC. E. tenuissimus of author, not of (L.) DC. in part, concept invalid (4)
Cineraria abrotanifolia (L.) P.J.Bergius (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 5–1500 m. LIM, M,
E. abrotanifolius (L.) DC. var. brachypus Harv. (4) S, KZN, EC
E. abrotanifolius (L.) DC. var. crassilobus DC. (4)
E. abrotanifolius (L.) DC. var. glabratus DC. (4) brevipes B.Nord.
E. comosus Cass. (4) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 2900–
E. comptonii Hutch. (4) 3000 m. KZN
E. diversifolius Harv. (4)
E. speciosus Hutch. (4) caespitosus Markötter = E. transvaalensis subsp. seti-
Jacobaeastrum abrotanifolium (L.) Kuntze (4) lobus
Jacobaeastrum diversifolium (Harv.) Kuntze (4)
Othonna abrotanifolia L. (4)
calvescens DC.
Jacobaeastrum calvescens (DC.) Kuntze (4)
Othonna uniflora Savigny (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 0–1800 m. NC, WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1500–2000 m.
EC
abrotanifolius (L.) DC. var. brachypus Harv. = E. abro-
tanifolius candollei Harv.
E. galpinii E.Phillips, illegitimate name (4)
abrotanifolius (L.) DC. var. crassilobus DC. = E. abro- Jacobaeastrum candollei (Harv.) Kuntze (4)
tanifolius Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt
abrotanifolius (L.) DC. var. glabratus DC. = E. abro- 1500–3000 m. L, EC
tanifolius carnosus Cass., illegitimate name = E. tenuissimus subsp.
abrotanifolius of author, not of (L.) DC.; Fourc., con- tenuissimus
cept invalid = E. pinnatipartitus chrysanthemoides (DC.) B.Nord.
acraeus M.D.Hend. Gamolepis chrysanthemoides DC. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 3000–3200 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 5–1000 m. KZN,
KZN, L EC
algoensis DC. chrysanthemoides (DC.) B.Nord. × E. othonnoides
Jacobaeastrum algoense (DC.) Kuntze (4) (DC.) B.Nord.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1.2 m. Alt 0–670 m. EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
annae E.Phillips chrysanthemoides (DC.) B.Nord. × E. pectinatus (L.)
E. oligoglossus DC. in part (4) Cass.
E. racemosus of author, not of DC., concept invalid (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt? WC
L, WC, EC chrysanthemoides (DC.) B.Nord. × E. spathaceus DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? G, WC
annuus Compton
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 340–550 m. NC, ciliatus B.Nord.
WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 1200–1550 m.
EC
anthemoides B.Nord. subsp. anthemoides
Gamolepis trifurcata Less. (4) ciliatus Harv., as a synonym = E. empetrifolius
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 100–1000 comosus Cass. = E. abrotanifolius
m. WC, EC comptonii Hutch. = E. abrotanifolius
anthemoides B.Nord. subsp. astrotrichus B.Nord. cuneatus B.Nord.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 600–1600 Lasiocoma petrophiloides of author, not of (DC.) Bolus, also not
Compton, concept invalid (4)
m. EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.27–1.5 m. Alt 750–1800 m.
asparagoides (Licht. ex Less.) DC. NC, WC
Jacobaeastrum asparagoides (Licht. ex Less.) Kuntze (4)
Mikania asparagoides Licht. ex Less. (4) decipiens Schltr.
Othonna schlechteriana Dinter (4) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 600–1375
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1350–1435 m. N, m. WC
FS, NC decumbens B.Nord.
athanasiae (L.f.) Harv., illegitimate name = E. specio- E. montanus of author in part, not of Schltr.; E.Phillips, concept
sissimus invalid (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 2750–
bolusii B.Nord.
Gamolepis intermedia Bolus (4) 3400 m. KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1500–2000 densifolius Sond. ex Harv., as a synonym = E. empetri-
m. WC folius
ASTERACEAE Euryops DICOTYLEDONS

dentatus B.Nord. gilfillanii Bolus

Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1000–1500 m. EC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.19 m. Alt 1200–2255 m. G,
dieterleniae J.M.Wood = E. evansii subsp. evansii M
discoideus Burtt Davy glutinosus B.Nord.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1000–1300 m. M Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 1500–2250 m.
WC
diversifolius Harv. = E. abrotanifolius
gracilipes B.Nord.
diversifolius Harv. var. integrifolius Harv., illegitimate
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, decumbent. Length up to 0.3
name = E. lasiocladus
m. Alt? EC
dregeanus Sch.Bip.
Jacobaeastrum dregeanum (Sch.Bip.) Kuntze (4) hebecarpus (DC.) B.Nord.
Gamolepis hebecarpa DC. (4)
Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.03–0.3 m. Alt 100–200
185–1000 m. N, NC, WC m. WC
dyeri Hutch. hypnoides B.Nord.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1650– Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 500–610 m.
1900 m. EC EC
empetrifolius DC.
E. ciliatus Harv., as a synonym (4) imbricatus (Thunb.) DC.
E. lateriflorus (L.f.) DC. var. imbricatus (Thunb.) Harv. (4)
E. densifolius Sond. ex Harv., as a synonym (4)
Othonna imbricata Thunb. (4)
E. sulcatus of author, not of (Thunb.) Harv., concept invalid (4)
E. sulcatus (Thunb.) Harv. var. densifolius Sond. ex Harv. (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–1.2 m. Alt 426–1700 m.
Jacobaeastrum empetrifolium (DC.) Kuntze (4) NC, WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.38–1 m. Alt 914–1594 m. FS, imbricatus (Thunb.) DC. × E. lateriflorus (L.f.) DC.
L, WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt ± 1590 m. NC
empetrifolius DC. × E. subcarnosus DC. subsp. vul- indecorus B.Nord.
garis B.Nord. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 800–1000 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1300–1500 m. FS
inops B.Nord.
erectus (Compton) B.Nord. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 2000–2400 m. L
Lysichlamys erecta Compton (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 800–1500 m. WC integrifolius B.Nord.
erectus (Compton) B.Nord. × E. rehmannii Compton 1250 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt ± 1220 m. WC
khamiesbergensis Hutch. = E. tenuissimus subsp. tenuis-
ericifolius (Bél.) B.Nord. simus
Gamolepis ericoides (L.f.) Less. var. adpressifolius (DC.) Harv. (4)
Jacquemontia ericifolia Bél. (4) krookii Gand. = E. tysonii
Psilothamnus adpressifolius DC. (4) lasiocladus (DC.) B.Nord.
Psilothamnus ericifolius (Bél.) DC. (4) E. diversifolius Harv. var. integrifolius Harv., illegitimate name (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 30–250 m. E. longipes DC. var. lasiocladus DC. (4)
EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 300–600
ericoides (L.f.) B.Nord. m. WC
Gamolepis ericoides (L.f.) Less. (4) lateriflorus (L.f.) DC.
Othonna ericoides L.f. (4) E. pearsonii E.Phillips (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–2.43 m. Alt 5–915 m. E. subsessilis Sch.Bip. (4)
WC Jacobaeastrum lateriflorum (L.f.) Kuntze (4)
Jacobaeastrum subsessile (Sch.Bip.) Kuntze (4)
euryopoides (DC.) B.Nord. Othonna lateriflora L.f. (4)
Gamolepis euryopoides DC. (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 100–1917 m. N,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 30–900 m. EC FS, NC, WC, EC
evansii Schltr. subsp. dendroides B.Nord. lateriflorus (L.f.) DC. var. imbricatus (Thunb.) Harv. =
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 2000–3000 m. L E. imbricatus
evansii Schltr. subsp. evansii lateriflorus (L.f.) DC. var. oblongifolia O.Hoffm. = E.
E. dieterleniae J.M.Wood (4) tysonii
lateriflorus (L.f.) DC. × E. sulcatus (Thunb.) Harv.
KZN, L
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt ± 1430 m. NC
evansii Schltr. subsp. parvus B.Nord. lateriflorus of author, not of (L.f.) DC., concept invalid
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 2700–2900 m. = E. tysonii
KZN, L
latifolius B.Nord.
flabelliformis Cass., illegitimate name = E. virgineus Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 600–650 m. EC
floribundus N.E.Br. laxus (Harv.) Burtt Davy
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 185–1524 m. EC Gamolepis debilis Harv. (4)
Gamolepis laxa Harv. (4)
galpinii Bolus Gamolepis pectinata Less. var. natalensis Sch.Bip. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 600–2100 m. EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 0–2100 m. G, M,
galpinii E.Phillips, illegitimate name = E. candollei S, FS, KZN, EC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Euryops

leiocarpus (DC.) B.Nord. multifidus (Thunb.) DC. var. multifidus in sense of

Gamolepis leiocarpa (DC.) Harv. (4) Merxm., misapplied name = E. subcarnosus
Osteospermum leiocarpum DC. (4) subsp. vulgaris
KZN, EC multifidus (Thunb.) DC. var. namibensis Merxm. = E.
namibensis
linearis Harv.
Jacobaeastrum lineare (Harv.) Kuntze (4)
multinervis N.E.Br. = E. transvaalensis subsp. trans-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 20–185 m. WC vaalensis
linifolius (L.) DC. munitus (L.f.) B.Nord.
Gamolepis munita (L.f.) Less. (4)
Agathaea linifolia (L.) G.Don ex Loud. (4) Osteospermum fallax Spreng. ex DC. (4)
Cineraria linifolia (L.) L. (4) Othonna munita L.f. (4)
Jacobaeastrum linifolium (L.) Kuntze (4)
Othonna linifolia L. (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 0–1100 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 30–155 m. WC namaquensis Schltr.
linifolius (L.) DC. × E. thunbergii B.Nord. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 400–1700
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? WC m. WC
linifolius of author, not of (L.) DC., concept invalid = E. namibensis (Merxm.) B.Nord.
E. multifidus (Thunb.) DC. var. namibensis Merxm. (4)
thunbergii
longifolius Cass. = E. tenuissimus subsp. tenuissimus NC
longipes DC. var. integrifolius Harv. in part = E. zey- neptunicus S.Moore = E. transvaalensis subsp. seti-
heri lobus
longipes DC. var. lasiocarpus B.Nord. nodosus B.Nord.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 1000–1800 Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1200–
m. WC 1650 m. NC, WC
longipes DC. var. lasiocladus DC. = E. lasiocladus oligoglossus DC. in part = E. annae
longipes DC. var. longipes
Jacobaeastrum longipes (DC.) Kuntze (4)
oligoglossus DC. subsp. oligoglossus
E. triqueter Less. ex Harv. (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 300–1400 Jacobaeastrum oligoglossum (DC.) Kuntze (4)
m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.7 m. Alt 600–2500 m. L,
longipes of author, not of DC., concept invalid = E. NC, WC, EC
thunbergii oligoglossus DC. subsp. racemosus (DC.) B.Nord.
marlothii B.Nord. E. racemosus DC. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 1400–1615 m. NC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.7 m. Alt 700–1650 m. NC,
megalanthus Gand. = E. speciosissimus WC
microphyllus (Compton) B.Nord. othonnoides (DC.) B.Nord.
Thodaya microphylla Compton (4) Ruckeria euryopoides Drège ex Harv. (4)
Ruckeria euryopsidis DC. (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 700–1675 Ruckeria othonnoides DC. (4)
m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 300–1930 m. NC,
mirus B.Nord. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 600–1000 m. pearsonii E.Phillips = E. lateriflorus
NC pectinatus (L.) Cass. subsp. lobulatus B.Nord.
montanus of author in part, not of Schltr.; E.Phillips, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 900–1000 m. WC
concept invalid = E. decumbens
pectinatus (L.) Cass. subsp. pectinatus
montanus Schltr. E. pectinatus (L.) Cass. var. discoideus DC. (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 2250–3300 Jacobaeastrum pectinatum (L.) Kuntze (4)
m. KZN, L, EC Othonna pectinata L. (4)
Othonna tomentosa Salisb., illegitimate name (4)
mucosus B.Nord. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 150–1370 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? N
pectinatus (L.) Cass. var. discoideus DC. = E. pectina-
muirii C.A.Sm. tus subsp. pectinatus
Lysichlamys muirii (C.A.Sm.) Compton (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 100–200 m. pedunculatus N.E.Br.
E. rogersii Burtt Davy (4)
WC Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt
multifidus of author, not of (Thunb.) DC., concept in- 1200–2100 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN
valid = E. subcarnosus subsp. vulgaris petraeus B.Nord.
multifidus of author, not of (Thunb.) DC.; Hutch., con- Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 1650–2450
cept invalid = E. subcarnosus subsp. minor m. NC, EC
multifidus (Thunb.) DC. pinnatipartitus (DC.) B.Nord.
Eriocephalus petrophiloides DC. (4) E. abrotanifolius of author, not of (L.) DC.; Fourc., concept invalid
Lasiocoma petrophiloides (DC.) Bolus (4) (4)
Othonna multifida Thunb. (4) Gamolepis pectinata Less. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt 90–1370 m. NC, Gamolepis pinnatipartita (DC.) Harv. (4)
WC Osteospermum pinnatipartitum DC. (4)

Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 500– strictus DC. = E. tenuissimus subsp. tenuissimus
1500 m. WC, EC subcarnosus DC. subsp. foetidus B.Nord.
pleiodontus B.Nord. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 300–1200 m. B,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 600–900 NC
m. NC subcarnosus DC. subsp. minor B.Nord.
polytrichoides (Harv.) B.Nord. E. multifidus of author, not of (Thunb.) DC.; Hutch., concept invalid
Gamolepis polytrichoides Harv. (4) (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 600–700 Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 900–1200 m. NC
m. EC subcarnosus DC. subsp. subcarnosus
E. punctatus DC. (4)
pulcher Muschl. ex Dinter, naked name = E. subcarno- E. subcarnosus DC. var. indivisus DC. (4)
sus subsp. vulgaris Jacobaeastrum punctatum (DC.) Kuntze (4)
punctatus DC. = E. subcarnosus subsp. subcarnosus Jacobaeastrum subcarnosum (DC.) Kuntze (4)
Thodaya elongata Compton (4)
racemosus DC. = E. oligoglossus subsp. racemosus Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt
racemosus of author, not of DC., concept invalid = E. 200–1200 m. WC
annae subcarnosus DC. subsp. vulgaris B.Nord.
rehmannii Compton E. multifidus of author, not of (Thunb.) DC., concept invalid (4)
E. tenuissimus of author, not of (L.) DC. in part, concept invalid (4) E. multifidus (Thunb.) DC. var. multifidus in sense of Merxm., mis-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt 500–1500 m. applied name (4)
E. pulcher Muschl. ex Dinter, naked name (4)
WC, EC E. subcarnosus of author, not of DC., concept invalid (4)
rogersii Burtt Davy = E. pedunculatus Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt
rosulatus B.Nord. 600–2200 m. N, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 550–700 m. NC subcarnosus DC. var. indivisus DC. = E. subcarnosus
rupestris Schltr. var. dasycarpus B.Nord. subsp. subcarnosus
E. trifurcatus of author, not of (L.f.) Cass.; Hutch., concept invalid subcarnosus of author, not of DC., concept invalid = E.
(4) subcarnosus subsp. vulgaris
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 300–1550 subsessilis Sch.Bip. = E. lateriflorus
m. WC
sulcatus of author, not of (Thunb.) Harv., concept in-
rupestris Schltr. var. rupestris valid = E. empetrifolius
E. trifurcatus of author in part, not of (L.f.) Cass., concept invalid
(4) sulcatus (Thunb.) Harv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 360–1800 Jacobaeastrum sulcatum (Thunb.) Kuntze (4)
Othonna sulcata Thunb. (4)
m. WC
schenkii O.Hoffm. = Othonna sedifolia NC
serra DC. sulcatus (Thunb.) Harv. var. densifolius Sond. ex Harv.
Jacobaeastrum serra (DC.) Kuntze (4) = E. empetrifolius
tagetoides (DC.) B.Nord.
serra of author, not of DC.; Hutch., concept invalid = E. Ruckeria tagetoides DC. (4)
brevilobus Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 300–900 m. NC,
setilobus N.E.Br. = E. transvaalensis subsp. setilobus WC
sparsiflorus S.Moore = Othonna sparsiflora tenuilobus (DC.) B.Nord.
Osteospermum tenuilobum DC. (4)
spathaceus DC. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 150–600
E. spathaceus DC. var. campanulatus Sch.Bip. (4)
E. spathaceus DC. var. dodecaglossa DC. (4) m. WC
Jacobaeastrum spathaceum (DC.) Kuntze (4) tenuissimus (L.) DC. subsp. tenuissimus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 20–1465 m. WC, E. carnosus Cass., illegitimate name (4)
E. khamiesbergensis Hutch. (4)
EC E. longifolius Cass. (4)
spathaceus DC. var. campanulatus Sch.Bip. = E. spa- E. strictus DC. (4)
thaceus Jacobaeastrum tenuissimum (L.) Kuntze (4)
Othonna linifolia Burm.f., illegitimate name (4)
spathaceus DC. var. dodecaglossa DC. = E. spathaceus Othonna tenuissima L. (4)
speciosissimus DC. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 90–1400 m. NC,
E. athanasiae (L.f.) Harv., illegitimate name (4) WC
E. megalanthus Gand. (4)
Jacobaeastrum athanasiae (L.f.) Kuntze (4) tenuissimus (L.) DC. subsp. trifurcatus (L.f.) B.Nord.
Othonna athanasiae L.f. (4) E. trifurcatus (L.f.) Cass. (4)
Jacobaeastrum trifurcatum (L.f.) Kuntze (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–2.5 m. Alt 150–853 m. NC, Othonna trifurcata L.f. (4)
WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 200–1065 m. WC
speciosissimus DC. × E. thunbergii B.Nord. tenuissimus of author, not of (L.) DC. in part, concept
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? WC invalid = E. brevipapposus
speciosus Hutch. = E. abrotanifolius tenuissimus of author, not of (L.) DC. in part, concept
striatus N.E.Br. = E. transvaalensis subsp. setilobus invalid = E. rehmannii
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Euryops

thunbergii B.Nord. retusa (Lam.) Sch.Bip.

E. linifolius of author, not of (L.) DC., concept invalid (4) Gnaphalium retusum Lam. (1)
E. longipes of author, not of DC., concept invalid (4) Helichrysum retusum (Lam.) Spreng. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt 60–795 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 5–1500 m. KZN,
transvaalensis Klatt subsp. setilobus (N.E.Br.) B.Nord. EC
E. caespitosus Markötter (4)
E. neptunicus S.Moore (4) FELICIA Cass. 8919000
E. setilobus N.E.Br. (4)
E. striatus N.E.Br. (4) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Gamolepis caudata Klatt ex Burtt Davy & R.Pott (4) (1) Moore. 1926. Journal of Botany, London 64: 304.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.25 m. Alt 900–2030 m. M, (2) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 250.
S, FS, KZN (3) Yeo. 1970. Taxon 19: 946.
(4) Grau. 1972. The Flowering Plants of Africa 42: t. 1645.
transvaalensis Klatt subsp. transvaalensis (5) Grau. 1973. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
E. multinervis N.E.Br. (4) München 9: 195–705.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.3 m. Alt 900–2100 m. NW, (6) Manning & Goldblatt. 2002. Bothalia 32: 193–195.
G, M, S, FS, KZN aculeata Grau
trifidus (L.f.) DC. Agathaea hirta DC. (5)
Jacobaeastrum trifidum (L.f.) Kuntze (4) Aster hirtus (DC.) Harv. (5)
Othonna trifida L.f. (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 30–1200 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1450–1800 m. NC, adfinis (Less.) Nees = F. dubia
WC
aethiopica (Burm.f.) Bolus & Wolley-Dod ex Adamson
trifurcatus (L.f.) Cass. = E. tenuissimus subsp. trifur- & T.M.Salter subsp. aethiopica
catus Agathaea amelloides (L.) DC. var. kraussii (Sch.Bip.) Sch.Bip. (5)
trifurcatus of author in part, not of (L.f.) Cass., concept Agathaea kraussii Sch.Bip. (5)
invalid = E. rupestris var. rupestris Agathaea microphylla Cass. (5)
Aster aethiopicus Burm.f. (5)
trifurcatus of author, not of (L.f.) Cass.; Hutch., concept Aster aethiopicus Burm.f. var. glandulosus Harv. (5)
invalid = E. rupestris var. dasycarpus Aster kraussii (Sch.Bip.) Harv. (5)
Cineraria microphylla (Cass.) Vahl ex DC. (5)
trilobus Harv.
Jacobaeastrum trilobum (Harv.) Kuntze (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt 30–1000 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 1500–2400 m. EC aethiopica (Burm.f.) Bolus & Wolley-Dod ex Adamson
triqueter Less. ex Harv. = E. oligoglossus subsp. oligo- & T.M.Salter subsp. ecklonis (Less.) Grau
Agathaea ecklonis (Less.) Nees (5)
glossus Aster ecklonis Less. (5)
tysonii E.Phillips Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 10–2100 m. KZN,
E. krookii Gand. (4) WC, EC
E. lateriflorus (L.f.) DC. var. oblongifolia O.Hoffm. (4)
E. lateriflorus of author, not of (L.f.) DC., concept invalid (4) alba Grau
E. tysonii E.Phillips var. dieterleniae E.Phillips (4) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 900–1500 m. N
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt 1220–2470 m. amelloides (L.) Voss
FS, KZN, L, EC Agathaea amelloides (L.) DC. (5)
tysonii E.Phillips var. dieterleniae E.Phillips = E. Agathaea coelestis Cass. (5)
Agathaea rotundifolia (Thunb.) Nees (5)
tysonii
Aster capensis Less. var. rotundifolius (Thunb.) Harv. (5)
ursinoides B.Nord. Aster rotundifolius Thunb. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 30–600 m. EC Cineraria amelloides L. (5)
Cineraria oppositifolia Moench (5)
virgatus B.Nord.
Perennial or biennial. Herb or shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt
0–1000 m. WC, EC
NC
virgineus (L.f.) DC. amelloides Schltr. = F. drakensbergensis
E. flabelliformis Cass., illegitimate name (4) amoena (Sch.Bip.) Levyns subsp. amoena
Jacobaeastrum virgineum (L.f.) Kuntze (4) Agathaea amoena Sch.Bip. (5)
Othonna virginea L.f. (4) Aster amoenus (Sch.Bip.) Harv. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–3.5 m. Alt 15–1770 m. WC, Aster elongatus Thunb. var. spathulaefolius Harv. (5)
EC Aster pappei Harv. (5)
Biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt up to
wageneri Compton
700 m. WC
NC, WC amoena (Sch.Bip.) Levyns subsp. latifolia Grau
walterorum Merxm. Biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–1.28 m. Alt 1–
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 2000–2334 m. N 275 m. WC, EC
zeyheri B.Nord. amoena (Sch.Bip.) Levyns subsp. stricta (DC.) Grau
E. longipes DC. var. integrifolius Harv. in part (4) Agathaea stricta DC. (5)
Aster adfinis Less. var. strictus (DC.) Harv. (5)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt? WC?
Biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 15–
*FACELIS Cass. 8986000 1200 m. WC
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman angustifolia (Jacq.) Nees var. glabra DC. = F. hyssopi-
(1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 4. folia subsp. glabra

angustifolia (Jacq.) Nees var. hyssopifolia (P.J.Bergius) canaliculata Grau

DC. = F. hyssopifolia subsp. hyssopifolia Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 15–30 m. WC
annectens (Harv.) Grau candollei (Harv.) Bolus & Wolley-Dod ex Adamson &
Aster annectens Harv. (5) T.M.Salter = F. cymbalarioides
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 100–300 m. WC ciliaris DC. = Gymnostephium ciliare
anthemidodes (Hiern) Mendonça ciliaris DC. var. leiopoda DC. = F. zeyheri subsp. zey-
Detris ericifolia (Forssk.) Hiern var. anthemidodes Hiern (5)
heri
Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 0–900 m.
N, B clavipilosa Grau subsp. clavipilosa
F. hyssopifolia of author, not of (P.J.Bergius) Nees, concept invalid
asper Burtt Davy = Aster bakerianus (5)
australis (Alston) E.Phillips Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.07–0.6 m. Alt 365–1800 m. N,
Aster dentatus Thunb. (5) B, NC
Aster tenellus L. var. glaber Harv. (5)
Psednotrichia australis Alston (5) clavipilosa Grau subsp. transvaalensis Grau
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.25 m. Alt 300–1675 m. NC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.11–0.6 m. Alt 595–1800 m. B,
WC LIM, G, M
bachmanni Thell. = F. serrata comptonii Grau
bachmanni Thell. var. schlechteri Thell. = F. serrata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1000–
1500 m. WC
bechuanica Mattf.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 425–600 m. cotuloides DC. = F. tenella subsp. cotuloides
B, LIM cymbalariae (Aiton) Bolus & Wolley-Dod ex Adamson
& T.M.Salter subsp. cymbalariae
bellidioides Schltr. subsp. bellidioides Aster cymbalariae Aiton (5)
Perennial. Herb or dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt Aster hirsutus (Vent.) Harv. (5)
900–2500 m. WC Aster oppositifolius L. (5)
Cineraria hirsuta Vent. (5)
bellidioides Schltr. subsp. foliata Grau F. brachyglossa Cass. (5)
Perennial. Herb or dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt Munichia brachyglossa (Cass.) Cass. (5)
914–2060 m. WC Munichia cymbalariae (Aiton) Nees (5)
Munichia cymbalariae (Aiton) Nees var. microcephala DC. (5)
bergeriana (Spreng.) O.Hoffm. Munichia hirsuta (Vent.) DC. (5)
Agathaea bergeriana (Spreng.) DC. (5)
Aster bergerianus (Spreng.) Harv. (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 200–1850 m. WC
Cineraria bergeriana Spreng. (5) cymbalariae (Aiton) Bolus & Wolley-Dod ex Adamson
Elphegea bergeriana (Spreng.) Less. (5) & T.M.Salter subsp. ionops (Harv.) Grau
F. bergeriana (Spreng.) Bolus & Wolley-Dod ex Adamson & Aster cymbalariae Aiton var. ionops Harv. (5)
T.M.Salter (5)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 4–460 m. NC, WC
bergeriana (Spreng.) Bolus & Wolley-Dod ex Adamson cymbalarioides (DC.) Grau
Aster candollei Harv. (5)
& T.M.Salter = F. bergeriana F. candollei (Harv.) Bolus & Wolley-Dod ex Adamson & T.M.Salter
brachyglossa Cass. = F. cymbalariae subsp. cymbala- (5)
riae Munichia cymbalarioides DC. (5)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt
brevifolia (DC.) Grau
Agathaea brevifolia DC. (5) 400–1500 m. WC
Aster dregei (DC.) Harv. var. dentata (DC.) Harv. (5) denticulata Grau
Aster grossedentatus Dinter (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 300–1000 m.
Aster scabridus (DC.) E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond. var. brevifolius (DC.)
Harv. (5) WC
F. dregei DC. var. dentata DC. (5) deserti Schltr. ex Grau
F. grossedentata (Dinter) Range (5) F. deserti Schltr. ex Hutch. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.52 m. Alt 900–2200 m. N, Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 300–500 m. NC
NC, WC? deserti Schltr. ex Hutch. = F. deserti
buchubergensis (Dinter) Merxm. = F. hirsuta diffusa (DC.) Grau subsp. diffusa
burchellii N.E.Br. = F. flanaganii Agathaea diffusa DC. (5)
Aster demissus Harv. (5)
burkei (Harv.) L.Bolus
Aster burkei Harv. (5) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 610–
Aster rufibarbis Harv. (5) 1200 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.07–0.45 m. Alt 915–1370 m. N, diffusa (DC.) Grau subsp. khamiesbergensis Grau
FS, NC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 1200–
caespitosa Grau 1400 m. NC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 2000–2538 m. L, drakensbergensis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
EC F. amelloides Schltr. (5)
caffrorum (Less.) Nees = Microglossa caffrorum Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 2000–3355 m.
cana DC. KZN, L
Aster hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius var. canus (DC.) Harv. (5) dregei DC.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.22 m. Alt 45–425 m. Aster dregei (DC.) Harv. (5)
WC F. dregei DC. var. incisa O.Hoffm. (5)
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Felicia

Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 60–1100 m. NC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 15–2450 m. NW,
WC G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
dregei DC. var. dentata DC. = F. brevifolia filifolia (Vent.) Burtt Davy subsp. schaeferi (Dinter)
dregei DC. var. incisa O.Hoffm. = F. dregei Grau
Aster schaeferi Dinter (5)
dubia Cass. Fresenia leptophylla DC. (5)
Aster adfinis Less. (5)
F. adfinis (Less.) Nees (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 15–2000 m. N,
F. pusilla N.E.Br. (5) NC, WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 30–1035 m. NC, filifolia (Vent.) Burtt Davy subsp. schlechteri (Comp-
WC ton) Grau
ebracteata Grau Aster schlechteri Compton (5)
Diplopappus elongatus DC. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 45–180 m. WC Diplopappus filifolius (Vent.) DC. var. elongatus (DC.) Harv. (5)
echinata (Thunb.) Nees Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 370–1100 m. WC,
Aster echinatus (Thunb.) Less. (5) EC
Aster echinatus (Thunb.) Less. var. paralia (DC.) Harv. (5)
F. paralia DC. (5) flanaganii Bolus
Pteronia echinata Thunb. (5) F. burchellii N.E.Br. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 0–155 m. WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 90–795 m. EC
elongata (Thunb.) O.Hoffm. fragilis Cass. = F. tenella subsp. tenella
Agathaea elongata (Thunb.) Nees (5) frutescens R.E.Fr. = F. muricata subsp. muricata
Agathaea tricolor Nees (5)
Aster elongatus Thunb. (5) fruticosa (L.) G.Nicholson subsp. brevipedunculata
Aster elongatus Thunb. var. thunbergii Harv. (5) (Hutch.) Grau
Aster tricolor (Nees) Harv. (5) Aster brevipedunculatus Hutch. (5)
F. elongata (Thunb.) Bolus & Wolley-Dod ex Adamson &
T.M.Salter (5)
LIM
Perennial. Herb or shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 10–150
m. WC fruticosa (L.) G.Nicholson subsp. fruticosa
Aster fruticosus L. (5)
elongata (Thunb.) Bolus & Wolley-Dod ex Adamson & Aster fruticulosus Willd. (5)
T.M.Salter = F. elongata Diplopappus extenuatus (Nees) DC. (5)
Diplopappus fruticosus (L.) Levyns (5)
erigeroides DC. Diplopappus fruticulosus (Willd.) Less. (5)
Aster erigeroides (DC.) Harv. (5) Diplostephium extenuatum Nees (5)
Aster erigeroides (DC.) Harv. var. schultesii Harv. (5) Diplostephium fruticulosum (Willd.) Nees (5)
Aster erigeroides (DC.) Harv. var. trinervius (Turcz.) Harv. (5) Diplostephium longipes Cass. (5)
F. natalensis Sch.Bip. ex Walp. (5)
F. trinervia Turcz. (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 46–300 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 6–1370 m. KZN, gariepina (DC.) L.Bolus = Nolletia gariepina
EC grossedentata (Dinter) Range = F. brevifolia
erucifolia Thell. = Aster erucifolius gunillae B.Nord.
esterhuyseniae Grau Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 2000–2560 m. N
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 900–1500 m. heterophylla (Cass.) Grau
WC Charieis caerulea Cass. (5)
Charieis heterophylla Cass. (5)
fascicularis DC. Charieis neesii Cass. (5)
Aster muricatus Thunb. var. fascicularis (DC.) E.Mey. ex Harv. (5) Kaulfussia amelloides Nees (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 35–2200 m. LIM, Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 5–1220 m. WC
NW, G, M, FS, NC, WC, EC hirsuta DC.
fascicularis DC. var. pubescens DC. = F. zeyheri subsp. Aster buchubergensis Dinter (5)
linifolia Aster confusus Harv. (5)
F. buchubergensis (Dinter) Merxm. (5)
ferulacea Compton Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.01–0.6 m. Alt 100–2000 m. N,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 500–2200 m. WC FS, NC, WC, EC
ficoidea DC. = Poecilolepis ficoidea hirta (Thunb.) Grau
filifolia (Vent.) Burtt Davy subsp. bodkinii (Compton) Aster hirtus Thunb. (5)
Grau Aster hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius var. hirtus (Thunb.) Harv. (5)
Aster bodkinii Compton (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 60–1400 m.
F. teres Compton (5) NC, WC, EC
Fresenia fasciculata Bolus (5)
hispida (DC.) Grau
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 90–3800 m. NC, Agathaea hispida DC. (5)
WC, EC Agathaea hispida DC. var. barbigera DC. (5)
filifolia (Vent.) Burtt Davy subsp. filifolia Aster elongatus Thunb. var. barbiger (DC.) Harv. (5)
Aster filifolius Vent. (5) Aster elongatus Thunb. var. thunbergii Harv. in part (5)
Diplopappus filifolius (Vent.) DC. (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 600–1300 m. NC,
Diplopappus filifolius (Vent.) DC. var. teretifolius (Less.) DC. (5) WC
Diplopappus teretifolius Less. (5)
Diplostephium filifolium (Vent.) Nees (5) hyssopifolia of author, not of (P.J.Bergius) Nees, con-
Diplostephium teretifolium (Less.) Nees (5) cept invalid = F. clavipilosa subsp. clavipilosa
ASTERACEAE Felicia DICOTYLEDONS

hyssopifolia (P.J.Bergius) Nees subsp. glabra (DC.) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300–950 m. EC
Grau microsperma DC.
Aster serrulatus Harv. var. glaber (DC.) Harv. (5) Aster microspermus (DC.) Harv. (5)
Aster simulans Harv. (5)
F. angustifolia (Jacq.) Nees var. glabra DC. (5) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.5 m. Alt 235–1200 m. N,
F. lasiopoda Hutch. (5) NC, WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 2–1600 m. NC, minima (Hutch.) Grau
WC Aster elongatus Thunb. var. pappei Harv. (5)
Aster minimus Hutch. (5)
hyssopifolia (P.J.Bergius) Nees subsp. hyssopifolia
Aster angustifolius Jacq. (5) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 100–1500 m. WC
Aster hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius (5) monocephala Grau
Aster villosus Thunb. in part (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.09 m. Alt 3048–3352 m. L
F. angustifolia (Jacq.) Nees var. hyssopifolia (P.J.Bergius) DC. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 30–335 m. WC mossamedensis (Hiern) Mendonça
Aster luteus (N.E.Br.) Hutch. (5)
hyssopifolia (P.J.Bergius) Nees subsp. polyphylla Detris hyssopifolia (P.J.Bergius) Hiern var. straminea Hiern (5)
(Harv.) Grau Detris mossamedensis Hiern (5)
Aster serrulatus Harv. var. densus Harv. (5) F. hyssopifolia (P.J.Bergius) Nees var. straminea (Hiern) Mendonça
Aster serrulatus Harv. var. polyphyllus Harv. (5) (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt 30–1676 m. L, F. lutea N.E.Br. (5)
WC, EC Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt 155–
2350 m. B, LIM, G, M, S, KZN
hyssopifolia (P.J.Bergius) Nees var. straminea (Hiern)
Mendonça = F. mossamedensis muricata (Thunb.) Nees subsp. cinerascens Grau
Detris dinteri S.Moore (5)
imbricata DC. = Polyarrhena imbricata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 150–1300 m. N,
josephinae J.C.Manning & Goldblatt B, NW, NC
muricata (Thunb.) Nees subsp. muricata
joubertinae Grau subsp. glabrescens Grau Aster muricatus Thunb. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 600–900 m. EC Aster muricatus Thunb. var. chrysocomoides Sond. (5)
Aster villosus Thunb. in part (5)
joubertinae Grau subsp. joubertinae F. frutescens R.E.Fr. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 600–900 m. EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.02–0.7 m. Alt 10–2600 m. N, B,
karooica Compton = F. lasiocarpa LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
lasiocarpa DC. muricata (Thunb.) Nees subsp. strictifolia Grau
Aster lasiocarpus (DC.) Harv. (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.08–0.5 m. Alt 1000–1750 m.
F. karooica Compton (5)
LIM, NW, G, M
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 1524 m.
WC namaquana (Harv.) Merxm.
Aster elongatus Thunb. var. candollei Harv. (5)
lasiocarpa (DC.) Compton, not of DC. = Zyrphelis lasio- Aster namaquanus Harv. (5)
carpa F. prageri Mattf. (5)
F. schenckii O.Hoffm. (5)
lasiopoda Hutch. = F. hyssopifolia subsp. glabra Susanna dinteri E.Phillips (5)
linearis N.E.Br. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 90–1370 m. N,
F. lingulata Klatt ex Schinz (5) NC, WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1800–3355 m. nana Mattf. = F. smaragdina
KZN, L, EC
natalensis Sch.Bip. ex Walp. = F. erigeroides
lingulata Klatt ex Schinz = F. linearis
natalensis (Sch.Bip.) Schltr. = F. rosulata
linifolia (Harv.) Grau
Agathaea zeyheri Nees (5) nigrescens Grau
Aster linifolius Harv. (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 300–350 m. WC
Aster venustus Fourc. (5) nordenstamii Grau
Cineraria linifolia Zeyh. ex DC. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 170 m. WC
WC, EC odorata Compton
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt up to 1500 m.
lutea N.E.Br. = F. mossamedensis
NC, WC
macrorrhiza (Thunb.) DC.
Aster macrorrhizus Thunb. (5) oleosa Grau
Fresenia nana Hutch. (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1000–1500 m.
Fresenia scaposa DC. (5) WC
Fresenia stuposa Steud. (5)
ovata (Thunb.) Compton
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to Agathaea barbata DC. (5)
1370 m. NC Agathaea barbata DC. var. subalbescens DC. (5)
Agathaea strigosa (A.Spreng.) Nees (5)
maritima Bolus = Poecilolepis maritima Aster barbatus (DC.) Harv. (5)
merxmuelleri Grau Aster charieis Less. (5)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 195–1300 m. NC, Aster elongatus Thunb. var. crassifolius Harv. (5)
Aster strigosus (A.Spreng.) Harv. (5)
WC Detris barbata (DC.) Schltr. (5)
microcephala Grau Kaulfussia strigosa Spreng.f. (5)
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Felicia

Leysera ovata Thunb. (5) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 10–700 m. WC

Mairia felicioides Hutch. & Corbishley (5)
tenella (L.) Nees subsp. pusilla (Harv.) Grau
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 90–2000 m. FS, Aster tenellus L. var. pusillus Harv. (5)
NC, WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 30–1000 m. WC
paralia DC. = F. echinata tenella (L.) Nees subsp. tenella
petiolata (Harv.) N.E.Br. Aster tenellus L. (5)
Aster petiolatus Harv. (5) Aster tenellus L. var. robustus Harv. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.9–1 m. Alt 1500–2400 m. FS, L, Cineraria tenella (L.) Link (5)
Detris tenella (L.) S.Moore (5)
EC F. fragilis Cass. (5)
pinnatifida J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans = Aster erucifolius Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 5–765 m. WC
prageri Mattf. = F. namaquana tenella (L.) Nees var. longifolia DC. = F. tenella subsp.
puberula Grau longifolia
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.35 m. Alt 300–1300 m. NC, tenera (DC.) Grau
WC Agathaea tenera DC. (5)
pusilla N.E.Br. = F. dubia Aster tener (DC.) Harv. (5)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 200–900 m. NC
quinquenervia (Klatt) Grau
Aster quinquenervius Klatt (5) teres Compton = F. filifolia subsp. bodkinii
Aster woodii Klatt (5) trinervia Turcz. = F. erigeroides
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 600–2895 m. tsitsikamae Grau
KZN, L?, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1000–1525 m.
reflexa (L.) DC. = Polyarrhena reflexa subsp. reflexa WC
retorta DC. = Senecio retortus uliginosa (J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans) Grau
rigidula DC. = Chrysocoma rigidula Aster uliginosus J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans (5)
rigidula DC. var. subcanescens DC. = Chrysocoma rigi- Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.15 m. Alt 2700–3400 m.
dula KZN, L
rogersii S.Moore venusta S.Moore
F. stricta Compton (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt up to 1844 m.
WC
WC
rosulata Yeo
Agathaea natalensis Sch.Bip. (3, 5) westae (Fourc.) Grau
Aster natalensis (Sch.Bip.) Harv. (3, 5) Aster westae Fourc. (5)
F. natalensis (Sch.Bip.) Schltr. (3, 5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 50–250 m. WC,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 640–3290 m. M, S, EC
FS, KZN, L, EC whitehillensis Compton
scabrida (DC.) Range Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.22–0.45 m. Alt 670–1220 m.
Agathaea scabrida DC. (5) NC, WC
Aster scabridus (DC.) E.Mey. ex Harv. & Sond. (5)
wrightii Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 600–1220 m. NC, Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1500–2000 m.
WC KZN
schenckii O.Hoffm. = F. namaquana zeyheri (Less.) Nees subsp. linifolia (Harv.) Grau
serrata (Thunb.) Grau Aster hyssopifolius P.J.Bergius var. linifolius Harv. (5)
Agathaea serrata (Thunb.) Nees (5) F. fascicularis DC. var. pubescens DC. (5)
Aster serratus Thunb. (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 155–1900 m.
F. bachmanni Thell. (5)
F. bachmanni Thell. var. schlechteri Thell. (5)
WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 900–1525 m. WC zeyheri (Less.) Nees subsp. zeyheri
Aster serrulatus Harv. var. setosus Harv. (5)
serrulata (Harv.) Burtt Davy = Aster harveyanus Aster zeyheri Less. (5)
smaragdina (S.Moore) Merxm. F. ciliaris DC. var. leiopoda DC. (5)
Detris smaragdina S.Moore (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 10–1435 m. EC
Detris smaragdina S.Moore var. versicolor S.Moore (5)
F. nana Mattf. (5)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 500–1435 m. N *FLAVERIA Juss. 9282000
stenophylla Grau Compiled by N. Netnou
Perennial. Herb or shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 640–780 (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 324, 325.
m. NC, WC bidentis (L.) Kuntze
F. contrayerba (Cav.) Pers. (1)
stricta Compton = F. venusta
tenella (L.) Nees subsp. cotuloides (DC.) Grau LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC
Aster tenellus L. var. cotuloides (DC.) Harv. (5)
F. cotuloides DC. (5) contrayerba (Cav.) Pers. = F. bidentis
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 70–609 m. NC, WC
tenella (L.) Nees subsp. longifolia (DC.) Grau FOVEOLINA Källersjö 9366040
Aster tenellus L. var. longifolius (DC.) Harv. (5)
F. tenella (L.) Nees var. longifolia DC. (5)
Kaulfussia ciliata Spreng. (5) (1) Hutchinson. 1946. A botanist in southern Africa: 144.
ASTERACEAE Felicia DICOTYLEDONS

(2) Merxmüller & Roessler. 1979. Mitteilungen der Botanischen ciliata (Raf.) S.F.Blake
Staatssammlung München 15: 371–374. Adventina ciliata Raf. (1)
(3) Källersjö. 1988. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 96: Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 50–1600 m. LIM,
316–320.
(4) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 326. NW, G, M, S, KZN
(5) Beyers. 2002. Bothalia 32: 185. parviflora Cav.
albida (DC.) Källersjö = F. dichotoma Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.5 m. Alt 10–2325 m. N, B,
albidiformis (Thell.) Källersjö LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
Matricaria albidiformis Thell. (3)
Pentzia membranacea Hutch. (3) *GAMOCHAETA Wedd. 8992060
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt ± 800 m. NC, WC Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
dichotoma (DC.) Källersjö (1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 27–29.
F. albida (DC.) Källersjö (5) (2) Kerguélen. 1987. Lejeunia 120: 104.
Matricaria albida (DC.) Fenzl ex Harv. (5) (3) Anderberg. 1991. Opera Botanica 104: 155–157.
Matricaria dichotoma (DC.) Fenzl ex Harv. (3, 5) (4) Hilliard. 1994. Compositae in Natal Addendum: 3.
Matricaria hirsutifolia S.Moore (5) calviceps (Fernald) Cabrera
Pentzia albida (DC.) Hutch. (5) Gnaphalium calviceps Fernald (3)
Pentzia annua DC. (5)
Pentzia dichotoma DC. (3, 5) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 1000 m. KZN
Tanacetum albidum DC. (5) coarctata (Willd.) Kerguélen
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.35 m. Alt 25–1400 m. N, G. spicata (Lam.) Cabrera (2, 4)
NC, WC, EC Gnaphalium coarctatum Willd. (2, 4)
Gnaphalium spicatum Lam. (2, 4)
schinziana (Thell.) Källersjö Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 50–2000
Matricaria schinziana Thell. (3)
Pentzia schinziana (Thell.) Merxm. & Eberle (3) m. G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? N pennsylvanica (Willd.) Cabrera
tenella (DC.) Källersjö Gnaphalium pennsylvanicum Willd. (3)
Matricaria tenella DC. (3) Gnaphalium peregrinum Fernald (1, 3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 15–975 m. NC, WC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt up to 1200 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
FRESENIA DC. 8859000 spicata (Lam.) Cabrera = G. coarctata
fasciculata Bolus = Felicia filifolia subsp. bodkinii spiciformis (Sch.Bip.) Cabrera
foliosa Klatt = Pegolettia retrofracta Annual. Herb, erect or decumbent. Ht/Length 0.05–
leptophylla DC. = Felicia filifolia subsp. schaeferi 0.12 m. Alt 1000–1500 m. S, EC
nana Hutch. = Felicia macrorrhiza subfalcata (Cabrera) Cabrera
Gnaphalium subfalcatum Cabrera (3)
pinnatilobata Klatt = Pegolettia pinnatilobata
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 0–2000 m. LIM, G,
scaposa DC. = Felicia macrorrhiza M, S, FS, KZN, EC
stuposa Steud. = Felicia macrorrhiza
GAMOLEPIS Less. 9421000
*GAILLARDIA Foug. 9306000 brachypoda DC. = Euryops brachypodus
brachypoda DC. var. integrifolia Harv. = Euryops
(1) Bailey & Bailey. 1977. Hortus third: 492.
(2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 327, 328. brachypodus
aristata Pursh brachypoda DC. var. tridens Harv. = Euryops brachy-
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt up to 1345 m. NW podus
pulchella Foug. caudata Klatt ex Burtt Davy & R.Pott = Euryops trans-
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 5–1345 m. NW, FS, vaalensis subsp. setilobus
KZN, EC chrysanthemoides DC. = Euryops chrysanthemoides
debilis Harv. = Euryops laxus
GALEOMMA Rauschert 8987010 ericoides (L.f.) Less. = Euryops ericoides
ericoides (L.f.) Less. var. adpressifolius (DC.) Harv. =
(1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 13–15.
Euryops ericifolius
oculus-cati (L.f.) Rauschert
Eriosphaera oculus-cati (L.f.) Less. (1) euryopoides DC. = Euryops euryopoides
Gnaphalium oculus-cati L.f. (1) hebecarpa DC. = Euryops hebecarpus
Annual. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.01–0.02 m. Alt up intermedia Bolus = Euryops bolusii
to 1400 m. NC laxa Harv. = Euryops laxus
stenolepis (S.Moore) Hilliard leiocarpa (DC.) Harv. = Euryops leiocarpus
Eriosphaera stenolepis (S.Moore) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (1)
Gnaphalium stenolepis S.Moore (1) munita (L.f.) Less. = Euryops munitus
Annual. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.03–0.15 m. Alt pectinata Less. = Euryops pinnatipartitus
500–1500 m. N, B, NC pectinata Less. var. natalensis Sch.Bip. = Euryops
laxus
*GALINSOGA Ruíz & Pav. 9246000
Compiled by N. Netnou pinnatipartita (DC.) Harv. = Euryops pinnatipartitus
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 322, 323. polytrichoides Harv. = Euryops polytrichoides
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Foveolina

speciosa Pillans = Steirodiscus speciosus aculeata Muschl. ex Dinter = G. schenckii

tagetes (L.) DC. = Steirodiscus tagetes araneosa DC. = G. lichtensteinii
trifurcata Less. = Euryops anthemoides subsp. anthe- arctotoides Less. = G. krebsiana subsp. arctotoides
moides armerioides DC. = Hirpicium armerioides
GARULEUM Cass. 9426000 bracteata N.E.Br. = G. krebsiana subsp. serrulata
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman burchellii DC. = Hirpicium echinus
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 92. caespitosa Bolus
(2) Moore. 1878. Journal of Botany, London 16: 133. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.01 m. Alt 364–460 m.
(3) Norlindh. 1943. Studies in the Calenduleae: 30, 33. EC
(4) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 71, 72.
(5) Claassen. 1970. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1593. canescens Harv. = G. krebsiana subsp. serrulata
(6) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 515–519. ciliaris DC.
(7) Norlindh. 1977. Botaniska Notiser 130: 377–380.
album S.Moore
diffusa (Thunb.) Spreng. = Gorteria diffusa subsp. dif-
fusa
bipinnatum (Thunb.) Less.
Dimorphotheca multifida DC. (7) forbesiana DC. = Arctotheca forbesiana
Osteospermum bipinnatum Thunb. (1, 7) heterochaeta DC.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt G. humilis E.Mey. ex DC. (4)
305–1220 m. NC, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.08 m. Alt 212–1005 m. N,
bipinnatum Dinter = G. schinzii subsp. crinitum NC, WC
crinitum Dinter = G. schinzii subsp. crinitum humilis E.Mey. ex DC. = G. heterochaeta
latifolium Harv. integrifolia (Thunb.) Spreng. = Hirpicium integrifolium
Osteospermum calendulaceum Harv. (6)
intrusa E.Mey. ex DC. = G. othonnites
Perennial. Shrub or herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 335–800
m. KZN jurineifolia DC. subsp. jurineifolia
pinnatifidum (Thunb.) DC.
G. viscosum Cass. (1) NC, WC, EC
Osteospermum caeruleum Aiton (1) jurineifolia DC. subsp. scabra (DC.) Roessler
Osteospermum pinnatifidum Thunb. (1) G. pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. scabra (DC.) Harv. (4)
Perennial. Shrub or herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 765–1705 G. varians of Dinter, not of DC., concept invalid (5)
m. FS, NC, EC G. venusta Taylor (4)
G. violacea Muschl. ex Engl. & Drude (4)
schinzii O.Hoffm. subsp. crinitum (Dinter) Merxm. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 40–400 m. N, NC
G. bipinnatum Dinter (4)
G. crinitum Dinter (4) kraussii Sch.Bip. = G. linearis var. linearis
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt? N krebsiana Less. subsp. arctotoides (Less.) Roessler
schinzii O.Hoffm. subsp. schinzii G. arctotoides Less. (4)
G. leptophylla DC. (4)
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 1069– G. longifolia Less. (4)
1145 m. N, NC G. pavonia (Andrews) R.Br. var. zeyheri Harv. (4)
sonchifolium (DC.) Norl. G. rogersii S.Moore (4)
Osteospermum sonchifolium DC. (3, 6) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.1 m. Alt 20–2745 m. B,
Perennial. Shrub or herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 450–1860 LIM, NW, M, FS, NC, WC, EC
m. KZN, EC krebsiana Less. subsp. krebsiana
tanacetifolium (MacOwan) Norl. G. lineariloba DC. (4)
Osteospermum tanacetifolium MacOwan (3) G. mucronata DC. (4)
G. oxyloba DC. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt 1200–1400 m. G. varians DC. (4)
EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 15–3240 m. FS,
viscosum Cass. = G. pinnatifidum KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
woodii Schinz krebsiana Less. subsp. serrulata (DC.) Roessler
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1645– G. bracteata N.E.Br. (4)
2745 m. G, M, FS, KZN, L G. canescens Harv. (4)
G. montana Spreng. (4)
G. munroi E.Phillips (4)
GAZANIA Gaertn. 9434000 G. nivea of author, not of Less., concept invalid (4)
Compiled by E. Retief G. pygmaea Sond. (4)
(1) Phillips. 1922. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 2: tt. 51, 64, 69. G. schinzii O.Hoffm. (4)
(2) Phillips. 1925. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 5: t. 183. G. serrulata DC. (4)
(3) Phillips. 1937. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 17: t. 659. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 15–2955 m. B,
(4) Roessler. 1959. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
München 3: 364–418.
(5) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 72–74. leiopoda (DC.) Roessler
(6) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 252–255. G. pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. leiopoda DC. (4)
(7) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 308. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 10–1525 m. NC,
(8) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 326, 327. WC
ASTERACEAE Gamolepis DICOTYLEDONS

leptophylla DC. = G. krebsiana subsp. arctotoides pottsii L.Bolus = G. linearis var. ovalis
leucolaena DC. = G. rigens var. leucolaena pygmaea Sond. = G. krebsiana subsp. serrulata
lichtensteinii Less. rigens (L.) Gaertn. var. leucolaena (DC.) Roessler
G. araneosa DC. (4) G. leucolaena DC. (4)
G. suffruticosa of authors, not of Muschl., concept invalid (4) G. uniflora (L.f.) Sims var. leucolaena (DC.) Harv. (4)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 140– Perennial. Herb, mat-forming. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ± 5
1365 m. N, NC, WC m. WC, EC
linearifolia Bolus = Hirpicium linearifolium rigens (L.) Gaertn. var. rigens
Gorteria rigens L. (4)
lineariloba DC. = G. krebsiana subsp. krebsiana
Perennial. Herb, mat-forming. Known only in cultiva-
linearis (Thunb.) Druce var. linearis tion.
G. kraussii Sch.Bip. (4)
G. longiscapa DC. (4) rigens (L.) Gaertn. var. uniflora (L.f.) Roessler
G. pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. multijuga (DC.) Harv. (4) G. uniflora (L.f.) Sims, excl. var. leucolaena (DC.) Harv. (4)
G. subulata R.Br. (4) Gorteria uniflora L.f. (4)
Gorteria linearis Thunb. (4) Perennial. Herb, trailing. Length up to 0.3 m. Alt 3–60
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 5–1300 m. KZN, L, m. S, KZN, WC, EC
WC, EC rigida (Burm.f.) Roessler
linearis (Thunb.) Druce var. ovalis (Harv.) Roessler Arctotis rigida Burm.f. (4)
G. longiscapa DC. var. ovalis Harv. (4) G. pavonia (Andrews) R.Br. var. hirtella (DC.) Harv. (4)
G. pottsii L.Bolus (4) Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 5–765 m. NC, WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 150–856 m. EC rogersii S.Moore = G. krebsiana subsp. arctotoides
longifolia Less. = G. krebsiana subsp. arctotoides schenckii O.Hoffm.
longiscapa DC. = G. linearis var. linearis G. aculeata Muschl. ex Dinter (4)
G. suffruticosa Muschl. (4)
longiscapa DC. var. ovalis Harv. = G. linearis var. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 70–700 m. N,
ovalis NC
maritima Levyns schinzii O.Hoffm. = G. krebsiana subsp. serrulata
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 1–200 m. NC, WC
serrata DC.
montana Spreng. = G. krebsiana subsp. serrulata G. pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. serrata (DC.) Harv. (4)
mucronata DC. = G. krebsiana subsp. krebsiana Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 15–1370 m. NC,
munroi E.Phillips = G. krebsiana subsp. serrulata WC
nivea of author, not of Less., concept invalid = G. kreb- serrulata DC. = G. krebsiana subsp. serrulata
siana subsp. serrulata subulata R.Br. = G. linearis var. linearis
othonnites (Thunb.) Less. suffruticosa Muschl. = G. schenckii
G. intrusa E.Mey. ex DC. (4) suffruticosa of author, not of Muschl., concept invalid =
Gorteria othonnites Thunb. (4)
G. lichtensteinii
Perennial. Herb, mat-forming. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt
1100–1340 m. NC, WC tenuifolia Less.
Gorteria tenuifolia Licht. ex Less. (4)
oxyloba DC. = G. krebsiana subsp. krebsiana Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 40–1000 m. N,
pavonia (Andrews) R.Br. var. hirtella (DC.) Harv. = G. NC, WC
rigida thermalis Dinter
pavonia (Andrews) R.Br. var. zeyheri Harv. = G. kreb- Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.08 m. Alt 1276–1400 m. N
siana subsp. arctotoides uniflora (L.f.) Sims, excl. var. leucolaena (DC.) Harv. =
pectinata (Thunb.) Spreng. G. rigens var. uniflora
G. pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. grandis (DC.) Harv. (4) uniflora (L.f.) Sims var. leucolaena (DC.) Harv. = G.
G. pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. speciosa (Willd.) Harv. (4) rigens var. leucolaena
Gorteria pectinata Thunb. (4)
Annual. Herb, mat-forming. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 15–940 varians DC. = G. krebsiana subsp. krebsiana
m. WC varians of Dinter, not of DC., concept invalid = G.
pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. grandis (DC.) Harv. = G. jurineifolia subsp. scabra
pectinata venusta Taylor = G. jurineifolia subsp. scabra
pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. leiopoda DC. = G. leiopoda violacea Muschl. ex Engl. & Drude = G. jurineifolia
pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. multijuga (DC.) Harv. = G. subsp. scabra
linearis var. linearis
GEIGERIA Griess. 9090000
pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. scabra (DC.) Harv. = G.
jurineifolia subsp. scabra Compiled by E. Retief
pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. serrata (DC.) Harv. = G. (2) Merxmüller. 1951. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssamm-
serrata lung München 1: 484–486.
pinnata (Thunb.) Less. var. speciosa (Willd.) Harv. = G. (3) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 74–81.
(4) Merxmüller. 1967. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssamm-
pectinata lung München 6: 239–316.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Gazania

(5) Anderberg. 1991. Plant Systematics and Evolution 176: 75–123. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 245–1525 m. B,
(6) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 309, 310. LIM, M
acaulis (Sch.Bip.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Oliv. & Hiern burkei Harv. subsp. valida Merxm.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 425–1435 m. N, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 1300–2000 m. NW,
LIM G, M, KZN
africana Griess. = G. ornativa burkei Harv. var. diffusa Harv. = G. burkei subsp. dif-
africana Griess. subsp. filifolia (Mattf.) Merxm. = G. fusa
filifolia chenopodiifolia Mattf. = G. pilifera
africana Griess. subsp. ornativa (O.Hoffm.) Merxm. = dinteri Muschl. = G. plumosa
G. ornativa
eenii S.Moore = G. ornativa
africana Griess. subsp. otaviensis Merxm. = G.
otaviensis elongata Alston
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Ht 0.45–0.6 m. Alt 900–
alata (Hochst. & Steud.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Oliv. & 2042 m. LIM, M
Hiern
Diplostemma alatum DC. (2) englerana Muschl.
G. macdougalii S.Moore (2) G. zeyheri Dinter (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt 320–1200 m. N Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 1200 m. N
appendiculata O.Hoffm. & Muschl. = G. ornativa englerana Muschl. var. pubescens Dinter ex Merxm. =
G. otaviensis
arenicola Muschl. ex Dinter = G. obtusifolia
filifolia Mattf.
aspera Harv. var. aspera G. africana Griess. subsp. filifolia (Mattf.) Merxm. (4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 425–1735 m. LIM, G. passerinoides Harv. in part (4)
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 155–
aspera Harv. var. rivularis (J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans) 1600 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC,
Merxm. WC, EC
G. rivularis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans (2) foermeriana Muschl. = G. plumosa
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt ± 1495 m. FS, KZN,
EC foliosa O.Hoffm. & Muschl. = G. plumosa
brachycephala Muschl. intermedia S.Moore = G. burkei subsp. burkei var.
G. monocephala Hutch. (2) intermedia
G. pearsonii L.Bolus (2) luederitziana O.Hoffm. = G. ornativa
macdougalii S.Moore = G. alata
brevifolia (DC.) Harv.
Polychaetia brevifolia DC. (2) monocephala Hutch. = G. brachycephala
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 103–1525 m. N, B, muschleriana Dinter ex Merxm. = G. pilifera
NW, FS, NC namaquensis Hutch. = G. vigintisquamea
burkei Harv. subsp. burkei var. burkei natalensis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans = G. burkei subsp.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 440–1800 m. LIM, diffusa
NW, G, M, S
nianganensis Dinter ex Merxm.
burkei Harv. subsp. burkei var. elata Merxm. G. schoenfelderii Dinter ex Merxm. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 258–1760 m. LIM, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.15 m. Alt ± 1100 m. N
M, S nonikamensis Heering = G. ornativa
burkei Harv. subsp. burkei var. hirtella Merxm. obtusifolia L.Bolus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ± 1370–1495 m. G. arenicola Muschl. ex Dinter (3)
LIM, M G. plumosa Muschl. subsp. obtusifolia (L.Bolus) Merxm. (3)
burkei Harv. subsp. burkei var. intermedia (S.Moore) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 370–2730 m. N,
Merxm. NW, FS, NC
G. intermedia S.Moore (2) odontoptera O.Hoffm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 1400–1830 m. NW, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 1100–1500 m. N
G, M ornativa O.Hoffm.
burkei Harv. subsp. burkei var. zeyheri (Harv.) G. africana Griess. (3)
Merxm. G. africana Griess. subsp. ornativa (O.Hoffm.) Merxm. (3)
G. zeyheri Harv. (2) G. appendiculata O.Hoffm. & Muschl. (3)
G. eenii S.Moore (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.18–1 m. Alt 350–1525 m. B, G. luederitziana O.Hoffm. (2)
LIM, NW, G, M, FS G. nonikamensis Heering (3)
burkei Harv. subsp. diffusa (Harv.) Merxm. G. passerinoides Harv. in part (3)
G. burkei Harv. var. diffusa Harv. (2) Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 305–
G. natalensis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans (2) 2000 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, FS, L, NC, WC,
G. protensa Harv. (2) EC
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt
460–1555 m. G, M, FS, KZN otaviensis (Merxm.) Merxm.
G. africana Griess. subsp. otaviensis Merxm. (3)
burkei Harv. subsp. fruticulosa Merxm. G. englerana Muschl. var. pubescens Dinter ex Merxm. (3)
ASTERACEAE Geigeria DICOTYLEDONS

G. zeyheri Dinter ex Merxm. (3) ambigua (Cass.) Sch.Bip.

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.2 m. Alt 1100–1800 m. N G. discolor Harv. (4)
G. elegans Muschl. (4)
passerinoides Harv. in part = G. filifolia G. kraussii Sch.Bip. (4)
passerinoides Harv. in part = G. ornativa G. lynchii Dummer (4)
G. nervosa Sond. (4)
passerinoides (L’Hér.) Harv. = Oedera genistifolia Lasiopus ambiguus Cass. (4)
pearsonii L.Bolus = G. brachycephala Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15−0.5 m. Alt 200−2000 m.
pectidea (DC.) Harv. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
Polychaetia pectidea DC. (2) asplenifolia (Lam.) Spreng. = G. linnaei
Triplocephalum glabrifolium Klatt (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 765–1830 m. N, B, aurantiaca Sch.Bip.
NW, NC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05−0.4 m. Alt 800−2000 m. M,
KZN
pilifera Hutch.
G. chenopodiifolia Mattf. (3) burchellii Dummer = G. viridifolia
G. muschleriana Dinter ex Merxm. (3) burmanni Cass. = G. crocea
G. rhombifolia Dinter (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 700–1300 m. N cordata (Thunb.) Less.
Arnica cordata Thunb. (4)
plumosa Muschl. Piloselloides cordata (Thunb.) C.Jeffrey (4)
G. dinteri Muschl. (3) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 0−1000 m. WC,
G. foermeriana Muschl. (3)
G. foliosa O.Hoffm. & Muschl. (3)
EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 1200–1950 m. N crenata (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. = Mairia crenata
plumosa Muschl. subsp. obtusifolia (L.Bolus) Merxm. = crocea (L.) Kuntze
G. obtusifolia Arnica crocea L. (4)
G. burmanni Cass. (4)
protensa Harv. = G. burkei subsp. diffusa G. integralis Sond. ex Harv. (4)
G. sinuata (Thunb.) Spreng. (4)
rhodesiana S.Moore = G. schinzii subsp. rhodesiana
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 30−1900 m. WC
rhombifolia Dinter = G. pilifera
discolor Harv. = G. ambigua
rigida O.Hoffm.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt elegans Muschl. = G. ambigua
500–1200 m. N ferruginea DC. var. linearis (Harv.) Dummer = G. ser-
rivularis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans = G. aspera var. rata
rivularis galpinii Klatt
schinzii O.Hoffm. subsp. karakowisae Merxm. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1−0.4 m. Alt 1500−2085 m. M,
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1– S, KZN
0.15 m. Alt 1150–1500 m. N, B glandulosa Dummer = G. viridifolia
schinzii O.Hoffm. subsp. rhodesiana (S.Moore) hirsuta Spreng. = G. tomentosa
Merxm. integralis Sond. ex Harv. = G. crocea
G. rhodesiana S.Moore (2)
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. jamesonii Bolus ex Adlam
Alt 900–1000 m. N, B Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2−0.7 m. Alt 500−1675 m. LIM,
G, M, S
schinzii O.Hoffm. subsp. schinzii
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.6–0.9 kraussii Sch.Bip. = G. ambigua
m. Alt 945–1300 m. N, B leiocarpa (DC.) Schltr. = Perdicium leiocarpum
schoenfelderii Dinter ex Merxm. = G. nianganensis leucothrix Harv. (insufficiently known) (4)
spinosa O.Hoffm. linnaei Cass.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 80–1300 m. N Arnica gerbera L. (4)
G. asplenifolia (Lam.) Spreng. (4)
vigintisquamea O.Hoffm. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1−0.5 m. Alt 100−1300 m. WC
G. namaquensis Hutch. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 275–1035 m. N, NC lynchii Dummer = G. ambigua
zeyheri Dinter = G. englerana natalensis Sch.Bip.
G. tuberosa Klatt (4)
zeyheri Dinter ex Merxm. = G. otaviensis G. viridifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. subsp. natalensis (Sch.Bip.)
H.V.Hansen (6)
zeyheri Harv. = G. burkei subsp. burkei var. zeyheri
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02−0.2 m. Alt 300−2100 m.
GERBERA L. 9528000 LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
Compiled by N. Netnou nervosa Sond. = G. ambigua
(1) Phillips. 1921. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 1: t. 5. parva N.E.Br.
(2) Phillips. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 85. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05−0.2 m. Alt 1900−2650 m.
(3) Dyer. 1944. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 24: t. 938. KZN
(4) Hansen. 1985. Opera Botanica 78: 1−36.
(5) Hind. 1992. Kew Bulletin 47: 110. piloselloides (L.) Cass.
(6) Pooley. 1998. A field guide to wildflowers of KwaZulu-Natal and Arnica piloselloides L. (4)
the eastern region: 220. Piloselloides hirsuta (Forssk.) C.Jeffrey (4)
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Geigeria

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.45 m. Alt 0−1891 m. LIM, athrixiifolium O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze = Helichrysum
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC athrixiifolium
plantaginea Harv. = G. viridifolia aureum Houtt. = Helichrysum aureum var. aureum
serrata (Thunb.) Druce austroafricanum Hilliard
Arnica serrata Thunb. (4) Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 5–
G. ferruginea DC. var. linearis (Harv.) Dummer (4) 1578 m. M, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1−0.6 m. Alt up to 1250 m. WC
brevifolium Lam. = Metalasia brevifolia
sinuata (Thunb.) Spreng. = G. crocea
calviceps Fernald = Gamochaeta calviceps
speciosa S.Moore = G. viridifolia
candidissimum Lam. = Vellereophyton dealbatum
taraxaci (Vahl) Schltr. = Perdicium capense
capense Hilliard
tomentosa DC. Perennial. Herb, decumbent or prostrate. Length 0.1–
G. hirsuta Spreng. (4)
0.15 m. Alt 15–1740 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15−1 m. Alt up to 1500 m. WC,
EC capillaceum Thunb. = Troglophyton capillaceum
subsp. capillaceum
tuberosa Klatt = G. natalensis
capitatum Lam. = Metalasia capitata
viridifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip.
G. burchellii Dummer (4) carroënse Schrank = Vellereophyton dealbatum
G. glandulosa Dummer (4)
G. plantaginea Harv. (4)
cephalotes Thunb. = Metalasia cephalotes
G. speciosa S.Moore (4) coarctatum Willd. = Gamochaeta coarctata
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 350−1998 m. confine Harv.
LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC G. drakensbergense Markötter (1)
viridifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. subsp. natalensis (Sch.Bip.) Annual. Herb, decumbent or erect. Ht/Length up to
H.V.Hansen = G. natalensis 0.2 m. Alt 460–2285 m. N, G, M, FS, KZN, L,
wrightii Harv. NC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 80−800 m. WC coronatum L. = Petalacte coronata
crispum L. = Helichrysum crispum
GEROPOGON L. 9579010
cylindriflorum L. = Helichrysum cylindriflorum
glaber L. = Tragopogon hybridus cymosum L. = Helichrysum cymosum subsp. cymo-
sum
GIBBARIA Cass. 9427010
dasyanthum Willd. = Helichrysum dasyanthum
(1) Norlindh. 1943. Studies in the Calenduleae: 358–366. dealbatum Thunb. = Vellereophyton dealbatum
(2) Hilliard & Burtt. 1976. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden debile Thunb. = Lasiopogon debilis
Edinburgh 34: 255, 256.
declinatum L.f.
bicolor Cass. = G. scabra G. achilleoides Lam. (1)
ilicifolia (L.) Norl. G. pentheri Gand. (1)
Osteospermum ilicifolium L. (1) G. pygmaeum Thunb. (1)
Helichrysum declinatum (L.f.) Less. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 300–1115 m. WC Spiralepis declinata (L.f.) D.Don (1)
scabra (Thunb.) Norl. Perennial. Herb, prostrate or decumbent. Length 0.03–
Anaglypha aspera DC. (2) 0.1 m. Alt 15–1320 m. WC
G. bicolor Cass. (1, 2)
Osteospermum scabrum Thunb. (1, 2) decumbens Thunb. = Trichogyne decumbens
Xerothamnus ecklonianus DC. (1, 2)
deltoides Thunb. = Helichrysum acrophilum
EC densum Lam. = Metalasia densa
dentatum L. = Pentzia dentata
GNAPHALIUM L. 8992000 distans Schrank = Metalasia distans
divergens Thunb. = Metalasia divergens subsp. diver-
(1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 17–27. gens
(2) Anderberg. 1991. Opera Botanica 104: 167, 168.
dodii Levyns = Plecostachys polifolia
achilleoides Lam. = G. declinatum
drakensbergense Markötter = G. confine
acilepis DC. = G. vestitum
englerianum (O.Hoffm.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
alticolum Compton = Helichrysum basalticum Amphidoxa engleriana O.Hoffm. (1)
amplum Kuntze = Helichrysum platypterum Perennial. Herb, erect or decumbent. Ht/Length up to
appendiculatum L.f. = Helichrysum appendiculatum 0.1 m. Alt up to 1200 m. NC
araneosum S.Moore = Lasiopogon glomerulatus excisum Thunb. = Helichrysum excisum
arborescens L. = Anaxeton arborescens eximium L. = Syncarpha eximia
arboreum L. = Anaxeton arborescens fastigiatum Thunb. = Metalasia fastigiata
asperum Thunb. = Anaxeton asperum subsp. asperum filagopsis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
ASTERACEAE Gerbera DICOTYLEDONS

Amphidoxa filaginea Ficalho & Hiern (1) pennsylvanicum Willd. = Gamochaeta pennsylvanica
Amphidoxa filaginea Ficalho & Hiern var. transiens Merxm. (1)
Perennial. Herb, erect or decumbent. Ht/Length up to pentheri Gand. = G. declinatum
0.25 m. Alt 945–1850 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, peregrinum Fernald = Gamochaeta pennsylvanica
FS, KZN, L, NC phlomoides Lam. = Syncarpha milleflora
floridum Poir. = Anaxeton arborescens
pilosellum L.f. = Helichrysum nudifolium var. pilosel-
foetidum L. = Helichrysum foetidum lum
fruticans L. = Helichrysum fruticans plantaginifoliatum Kuntze = Helichrysum nudifolium
glomerulatum Harv. = Lasiopogon glomerulatus var. nudifolium
gnaphalodes (DC.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt polifolium Thunb. = Plecostachys polifolia
Amphidoxa gnaphalodes DC. (1)
?G. micranthum Thunb. var. spretum DC. (1) *polycaulon Pers.
Perennial. Herb, prostrate or decumbent. Length 0.1– Annual. Herb, decumbent or erect. Length up to 0.25
0.3 m. Alt 20–600 m. EC m. Alt 11–1676 m. N, LIM, M, KZN
grandiflorum L. = Helichrysum grandiflorum prostratum Thunb. = Helichrysum micropoides
griquense Hilliard & B.L.Burtt pygmaeum Thunb. = G. declinatum
Amphidoxa adscendens O.Hoffm. ex Zahlbr. (1) recurvum Lam. = Anaxeton arborescens
Perennial. Herb, prostrate, decumbent or suberect.
Length 0.15–0.45 m. Alt up to 2438 m. KZN, L repens L. = Trichogyne repens
helianthemifolium L. = Helichrysum helianthemifolium repens L. var. vestitum (Thunb.) DC. = G. vestitum
hirsutum Thunb. = Anaxeton hirsutum retusum Lam. = Facelis retusa
hispidum L.f. = Elytropappus hispidus revolutum Thunb. = Helichrysum revolutum
indicum in sense of Dinter, not of L., misapplied name rosum P.J.Bergius = Helichrysum rosum var. rosum
= Helichrysum herniarioides rotundifolium Thunb. = Helichrysum rotundifolium
indicum L. = Helichrysum indicum rutilans L. = Helichrysum rutilans
limicola Hilliard septentrionale (Vatke) Hilliard = Helichrysopsis septen-
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.12 m. Alt up trionale
to 2650 m. L, EC serpyllifolium P.J.Bergius = Plecostachys serpyllifolia
luteo-album L. = Pseudognaphalium luteo-album sesamoides (L.) Kuntze = Edmondia sesamoides
maculatum Thunb. = Vellereophyton dealbatum simii (Bolus) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
micranthum Thunb. = Vellereophyton dealbatum Helichrysum simii Bolus (1)
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.03 m. Alt up
?micranthum Thunb. var. spretum DC. = G. gnapha- to 1000 m. NC
lodes
spicatum Lam. = Gamochaeta coarctata
milleflorum L.f. = Syncarpha milleflora
minutum B.Nord. = Lasiopogon minutus splendidum Thunb. = Helichrysum splendidum
mixtum Kuntze = Helichrysum mixtum var. mixtum squamosum (Jacq.) Sch.Bip. = Edmondia pinifolia
mucronatum P.J.Bergius = Syncarpha mucronata stellatum L. = Helichrysum stellatum
muricatum L. = Metalasia muricata stenocladon Schrank = Anaxeton asperum subsp. as-
muscoides Desf. = Lasiopogon muscoides perum
nelsonii Burtt Davy stenolepis S.Moore = Galeomma stenolepis
Perennial. Herb, erect or decumbent. Length 0.04–0.2 subcordatum Kuntze = Helichrysum hypoleucum
m. Alt up to 1500 m. NW, G subfalcatum Cabrera = Gamochaeta subfalcata
niveum L. = Helichrysum niveum teretifolium L. = Helichrysum teretifolium
nudifolium L. = Helichrysum nudifolium var. nudi- thapsus Kuntze = Helichrysum thapsus
folium
tinctum Thunb. = Helichrysum tinctum
oculus-cati L.f. = Galeomma oculus-cati
tricostatum Thunb. = Helichrysum tricostatum
odoratissimum L. = Helichrysum odoratissimum
trifidum Thunb. = Pseudognaphalium luteo-album
oligandrum (DC.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt = Pseudogna-
phalium oligandrum umbellatum L.f. = Lachnospermum umbellatum
orbiculare Thunb. = Plecostachys serpyllifolia undulatum L. = Pseudognaphalium undulatum
parvulum Harv. = Troglophyton parvulum vestitum Thunb.
G. acilepis DC. (1)
patulum L. = Helichrysum patulum G. repens L. var. vestitum (Thunb.) DC. (1)
pauciflorum DC. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, erect, suberect or trail-
Annual. Herb, erect or decumbent. Length 0.01–0.13 ing. Length 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 30–945 m. EC
m. Alt 50–1500 m. WC volkii B.Nord. = Lasiopogon volkii
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Gnaphalium

GONGROTHAMNUS Steetz 8751010 tenuifolia Licht. ex Less. = Gazania tenuifolia

angolensis (O.Hoffm.) Hiern = Distephanus angolensis uniflora L.f. = Gazania rigens var. uniflora
aurantiacus O.Hoffm. = Distephanus divaricatus GRANGEA Adans. 8865000
divaricatus Steetz = Distephanus divaricatus Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
(1) Fayed. 1979. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
München 15: 450–483.
GONGYLOGLOSSA Koekemoer 9039010
anthemoides O.Hoffm.
Compiled by M. Koekemoer G. hippioides Merxm. (1)
(1) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? N, B
Relhaniinae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans Univer-
sity. hippioides Merxm. = G. anthemoides
tortilis (DC.) Koekemoer latifolia Lam. = Dichrocephala integrifolia subsp. in-
Disparago ericoides of author, not of (P.J.Bergius) Gaertn. (1) tegrifolia
Disparago tortilis (DC.) Sch.Bip. (1)
maderaspatana (L.) Poir.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 0–1500 Artemisia maderaspatana L. (1)
m. KZN, WC, EC Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Length 0.3–0.5 m. Alt
11–915 m. N, KZN
GORTERIA L. 9433000
*GUIZOTIA Cass. 9222000
München 3: 319–332. (1) Hansen. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 139.
(2) Roessler. 1973. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung abyssinica (L.f.) Cass.
München 11: 87–90. G. oleifera DC. (1)
(3) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 328. Verbesina sativa Roxb. (1)
affinis DC. = G. diffusa subsp. diffusa Annual. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt up to 1700 m. G, M
barbata L.f. = Berkheya barbata oleifera DC. = G. abyssinica
calendulacea DC. = G. diffusa subsp. calendulacea GUTENBERGIA Sch.Bip. 8735000
cernua L.f. = Cuspidia cernua subsp. cernua rangei Muschl. ex Dinter = Senecio niveus
ciliaris L. = Cullumia ciliaris subsp. ciliaris
corymbosa DC. GYMNACHAENA Rchb. 9038010
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.2 m. Alt 100–915 m. N, NC bruniades Rchb. = Stoebe capitata
cruciata Houtt. = Berkheya cruciata subsp. cruciata GYMNODISCUS Less. 9418000
diffusa Thunb. subsp. calendulacea (DC.) Roessler Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
G. calendulacea DC. (1) (1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 345.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 100–900 m. NC (2) Jeffrey. 1992. Kew Bulletin 47: 99.
diffusa Thunb. subsp. diffusa (3) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 39.
Gazania diffusa (Thunb.) Spreng. (1) (4) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 328.
G. affinis DC. (1) capillaris (L.f.) DC.
G. ictinus Cass. (1) Othonna capillaris L.f. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 38–1065 m. N, NC, Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 15–1500
WC m. NC, WC
diffusa Thunb. subsp. parviligulata Roessler linearifolia DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 0.1–0.15 m. N Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 245–915
herbacea L.f. = Berkheya herbacea m. NC, WC
ictinus Cass. = G. diffusa subsp. diffusa GYMNOPENTZIA Benth. 9364000
integrifolia Thunb. = Hirpicium integrifolium Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
linearis Thunb. = Gazania linearis var. linearis (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 362, 363.
(2) Källersjö. 1986. Nordic Journal of Botany 5: 538, 539.
mitis Burm. = Heterolepis mitis
bifurcata Benth.
othonnites Thunb. = Gazania othonnites Athanasia turbinata Burtt Davy (1)
pectinata Thunb. = Gazania pectinata G. pilifera N.E.Br. (1)
personata L. subsp. gracilis Roessler Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 1525–3050 m. M,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 152–550 m. WC FS, KZN, L, EC
personata L. subsp. personata pilifera N.E.Br. = G. bifurcata
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 20–700 m. NC, WC GYMNOSTEPHIUM Less. 8882000
rigens L. = Gazania rigens var. rigens Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
setosa L. = Cullumia setosa var. setosa (1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 66–68.
spinosa L.f. = Berkheya spinosa (2) Bolus. 1907. Transactions of the South African Philosophical
Society 16: 138.
squarrosa L. = Cullumia squarrosa (3) Dyer. 1944. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 24: t. 952.
ASTERACEAE Gongrothamnus DICOTYLEDONS

(4) Nesom. 1994. Phytologia 76: 92–94. nervosa (Thunb.) P.Beauv.

(5) Goldblatt et al. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 328, 329. H. hirsuta (Less.) P.Beauv. (3)
angustifolium Harv. H. ovata Lewin (3)
H. serrata Lewin (3)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt ± 975 m. WC Landtia hirsuta Less. (3)
ciliare (DC.) Harv. Landtia nervosa (Thunb.) Less. (3)
Felicia ciliaris DC. (1, 4) Perdicium nervosum Thunb. (3)
Heteractis falcata DC. (4) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 200–3300 m. B,
Osteospermum falcatum E.Mey. ex DC. (4) LIM, NW, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
ovata Lewin = H. nervosa
WC
parvifolia (Schltr.) P.Beauv.
corymbosum (Turcz.) Harv. Arctotis parvifolia Schltr. (1)
Agathaea corymbosa Turcz. (1, 4)
scaposa Harv.
fruticosum DC. H. thunbergii DC. (2)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1000–1300 Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 340–1800 m. NW,
m. WC G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
gracile Less. serrata Lewin = H. nervosa
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht? Alt? WC
thunbergii DC. = H. scaposa
hirsutum Less.
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? WC thunbergii Less. = H. lanata
leve Bolus *HEDYPNOIS Mill. 9569000
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 900–1500 m. Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
WC
(1) Sell. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 307, 308.
papposum G.L.Nesom
Mairia corymbosa Harv. (4) cretica (L.) Dum.Cours.
Zyrphelis corymbosa (Harv.) Kuntze (4) H. polymorpha DC. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 300–1214 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 0–50 m. WC, EC
polymorpha DC. = H. cretica
GYMNOSTYLES Juss. 9352010
*HELIANTHUS L. 9200000
pterosperma Juss. = Soliva sessilis
GYNURA Cass. 9405000 (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 309–311.
cernua (L.f.) Benth. = Crassocephalum rubens annuus L.

Annual. Herb. Ht up to 4 m. Alt up to 90 m. FS, KZN,
coerulea O.Hoffm. = Crassocephalum coeruleum EC
crepidioides Benth. = Crassocephalum crepidioides argophyllus Torr. & A.Gray
picridifolia (DC.) Burtt Davy = Crassocephalum Annual. Herb. Ht up to 4 m. Alt? KZN
×picridifolium cucumerifolius Torr. & A.Gray = H. debilis subsp. cucu-
rubens (Jacq.) Muschl. = Crassocephalum rubens merifolius
sarcobasis DC. = Crassocephalum sarcobasis debilis Nutt. subsp. cucumerifolius (Torr. & A.Gray)
Heiser
HAENELIA Walp. 8887030 H. cucumerifolius Torr. & A.Gray (1)
capensis Walp. = Amellus capensis Annual. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt up to 15 m. NW, G,
KZN
HAPLOCARPHA Less. 9432030
HELICHRYSOPSIS Kirp. 8992030
(1) Lewin. 1922. Feddes Repertorium 18: 300.
(2) Lewin. 1922. Feddes Repertorium Beiheft 11: 1–95. (1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 47, 48.
(3) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 537–540. septentrionale (Vatke) Hilliard
(4) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 232–235. Anaxeton septentrionalis Vatke (1)
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 311. Gnaphalium septentrionale (Vatke) Hilliard (1)
(6) Beyers. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning in Strelitzia 9: 329.
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.2 m. Alt
hirsuta (Less.) P.Beauv. = H. nervosa 2–45 m. KZN
lanata (Thunb.) Less.
Arctotis lanata Thunb. (2) HELICHRYSUM Mill. 9006000
H. thunbergii Less. (2) Compiled by W.G. Welman
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 750–900 m. WC (1) Dyer. 1933. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 13: t. 483.
leichtlinii N.E.Br. = H. lyrata (2) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 61–310.
lyrata Harv. 43: 198.
H. leichtlinii N.E.Br. (2) (4) Mesfin & Reilly. 1995. In Hind et al. (eds), Advances in Com-
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 200–1500 m. G, positae systematics: 379–450.
M, FS, WC, EC (5) Beentje. 2000. Kew Bulletin 55: 349–365.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Gymnostephium

acrophilum Bolus amboense Schinz

Gnaphalium deltoides Thunb. (2) H. spiciforme DC. subsp. amboense (Schinz) Merxm. (2)
H. spathulatum Moeser (2) H. spiciforme DC. var. amboense (Schinz) Moeser (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt 900–1980 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt? N
m. WC ammitophilum Hilliard
acutatum DC. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 1675–1800 m. FS,
H. acutatum DC. var. rhombifolium Moeser (2) L, EC
H. danae S.Moore (2)
H. eriophorum Conrath (2) amoenum Moeser = H. nudifolium var. oxyphyllum
H. floccosum Klatt (2) amplectens Hilliard
H. galpinii Schltr. & Moeser (2)
H. schlechteri Bolus (2)
H. transvalense Staner (2) KZN
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.8 m. Alt 50–2440 m. LIM, anaxetonoides Schltr. & Moeser = H. catipes
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC andersoniense Burtt Davy = H. summo-montanum
acutatum DC. var. rhombifolium Moeser = H. acutatum anomalum Less.
adenocarpum DC. subsp. adenocarpum H. anomalum Less. var. ovatum Harv. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 15–3050 m. LIM, H. anomalum Less. var. turbinatum Harv. (2)
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 20–2450
m. L, WC, EC
adenocarpum DC. subsp. ammophilum Hilliard
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 20–55 m. KZN anomalum Less. var. ovatum Harv. = H. anomalum
adscendens in sense of Moeser, not of (Thunb.) Less. = anomalum Less. var. turbinatum Harv. = H. anomalum
H. cephaloideum appendiculatum (L.f.) Less.
Gnaphalium appendiculatum L.f. (2)
adscendens (Thunb.) Less. var. cephaloideum (DC.)
Moeser = H. cephaloideum
M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
agrostophilum Klatt in part = H. griseum
araneosum Klatt = H. auriceps
agrostophilum Klatt in part = H. pallidum
archeri Compton
agrostophilum Klatt var. nemorosum Bolus = H. palli-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? WC
dum
albanense Hilliard arenicola M.D.Hend.
H. rangei Moeser ex Dinter (2)
H. subglomeratum Less. var. imbricatum DC. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 885–1370 m. N,
B, NW, FS, NC
albertense Hilliard
aretioides Thell. = H. sessilioides
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. Alt 610–1200 m. WC,
EC aretioides Turcz. = Bryomorphe aretioides
albilanatum Hilliard argenteum (Thunb.) Thunb. = Syncarpha argentea
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 1000– argentissimum J.M.Wood
2320 m. LIM, M Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 900–3225 m. KZN,
albirosulatum Killick L, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 1500– argyrolepis MacOwan
2450 m. KZN, L, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 1220–
albo-brunneum S.Moore 2000 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
H. setigerum Bolus (2) argyrophyllum DC.
H. setigerum Bolus var. minor Bolus (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 1670–3355 m. FS, 1675 m. EC
KZN, L, WC, EC
argyrosphaerum DC.
album N.E.Br. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt 5–1900 m. N, B,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 2000–3355 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, EC
KZN
armatum Dinter ex Merxm., naked name = Amphiglossa
allioides Less. triflora
KZN, EC aromaticum Dinter = H. tomentosulum subsp. aroma-
ticum
alsinoides DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.05 m. Alt 300–350 m. N, asperifolium Moeser = H. nudifolium var. nudifolium
NC, WC asperum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt var. albidulum
alticolum Bolus (DC.) Hilliard
H. ericifolium Less. var. albidulum DC. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt ?–1650 m. EC
alticolum Bolus var. montanum Bolus = H. evansii m. N, NC, WC
altigenum Schltr. & Moeser asperum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt var. appressi-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt 900–2000 folium (Moeser) Hilliard
m. WC, EC H. ericifolium Less. var. appressifolium Moeser (2)
ASTERACEAE Helichrysum DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 170–1535 auriculatum Less. = H. pandurifolium

m. EC auriculatum Less. var. panduratum Harv. = H. pandu-
asperum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt var. asperum ratum var. panduratum
H. ericifolium Less. (2)
H. ericifolium Less. var. laxum (DC.) Harv. (2) bachmannii Klatt
Stoebe aspera Thunb. (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–2 m. Alt 3–50 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 120–1200 basalticum Hilliard
m. NC, WC Gnaphalium alticolum Compton (2)
asperum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt var. comosum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 2515–3355 m.
(Sch.Bip.) Hilliard KZN, L, EC
H. comosum Sch.Bip. (2) bellidiastrum Moeser
H. ericifolium Less. var. lineare in sense of Harv., not of H. lineare Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 2000–3355 m.
DC. (2)
KZN, L, EC
KZN, WC, EC bellum Hilliard
asperum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt var. glabrum KZN, L, EC
Hilliard
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 3–630 m. benguellense Hiern var. latifolium S.Moore ex Moeser =
WC, EC H. tomentosulum subsp. tomentosulum
athrixiifolium (Kuntze) Moeser bolusianum Moeser = H. pumilio subsp. pumilio
Gnaphalium athrixiifolium O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze (2) brunneum Burtt Davy = H. nudifolium var. nudifolium
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt 75–1520 m. G, M, caespititium (DC.) Harv.
S, KZN H. lineare DC. var. caespititium DC. (2)
aureofolium Hilliard Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.02 m. Alt 650–2440 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt? WC LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
aureolum Hilliard callicomum Harv.
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 1220–1730 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt 915–2300 m.
m. LIM, M, S LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
aureonitens Sch.Bip. calocephalum Klatt
H. helodes Hiern (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 1065–1465 m. M, S
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt 15–2745 m. LIM, calocephalum Schltr. = H. ecklonis
campaneum S.Moore = H. cephaloideum
aureum (Houtt.) Merr. var. argenteum Hilliard
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1800–2000 m. M candolleanum H.Buek
H. damarense O.Hoffm. (2)
aureum (Houtt.) Merr. var. aureum H. leptolepis DC. (2)
Gnaphalium aureum Houtt. (2) H. pachyrhizum Harv. (2)
H. fulgidum (L.f.) Willd. var. angustifolium DC. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 30–2000 m. N, B,
H. fulgidum (L.f.) Willd. var. heterotrichum DC. (2)
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
EC capense Hilliard
H. marifolium of authors, not of DC. (2)
aureum (Houtt.) Merr. var. candidum Hilliard Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 600–1500 m. WC
S, KZN capillaceum (Thunb.) Less. = Troglophyton capilla-
ceum subsp. capillaceum
aureum (Houtt.) Merr. var. monocephalum (DC.) Hilliard
H. fulgidum (L.f.) Willd. var. monocephalum DC. (2) capillaceum (Thunb.) Less. var. diffusum DC. = Tro-
H. fulgidum (L.f.) Willd. var. nanum DC. (2) glophyton capillaceum subsp. diffusum
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.35 m. Alt 10–2400 m. capillaceum (Thunb.) Less. var. erectum DC. = Tro-
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC glophyton parvulum
aureum (Houtt.) Merr. var. scopulosum (M.D.Hend.) capillaceum (Thunb.) Less. var. majus DC. = Tro-
Hilliard glophyton capillaceum subsp. capillaceum
H. scopulosum M.D.Hend. (2)
capitellatum (Thunb.) Less. = H. helianthemifolium
KZN catipes (DC.) Harv.
Eriosphaera catipes DC. (2)
aureum (Houtt.) Merr. var. serotinum Hilliard H. anaxetonoides Schltr. & Moeser (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1800–2600 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1500–1800 m. WC
KZN, L, EC cephaloideum DC.
auriceps Hilliard H. adscendens in sense of Moeser, not of (Thunb.) Less. (2)
H. araneosum Klatt (2) H. adscendens (Thunb.) Less. var. cephaloideum (DC.) Moeser (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 5–2000 m. KZN, H. campaneum S.Moore (2)
H. infuscum Burtt Davy (2)
EC H. polyphyllum Conrath (2)
auriculatum in sense of Oliv. & Hiern, not of Less. = H. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 10–2620 m. LIM,
panduratum var. panduratum NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Helichrysum

cerastioides DC. var. aurosicum Merxm. & A.Schreib. cymosum (L.) D.Don subsp. calvum Hilliard
H. engelianum Dinter (2) H. infaustum J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans var. discolor Moeser (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.2 m. Alt 1550–2340 m. N Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.55 m. Alt
cerastioides DC. var. cerastioides 1200–3170 m. M, FS, KZN, L, EC
H. cerastioides DC. var. gracile Moeser (2) cymosum (L.) D.Don subsp. cymosum
H. obvallatum DC. (2) Gnaphalium cymosum L. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.3 m. Alt 915–1675 m. N, Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–1.8 m. Alt 5–2010 m.
B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC, EC KZN, WC, EC
cerastioides DC. var. gracile Moeser = H. cerastioides damarense O.Hoffm. = H. candolleanum
var. cerastioides danae S.Moore = H. acutatum
chionosphaerum DC. dasyanthum (Willd.) Sweet
H. pondoense Schltr. (2)
Gnaphalium dasyanthum Willd. (2)
H. randii S.Moore (2)
H. maritimum D.Don (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 300–2500 m. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 15–
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC 1310 m. NC, WC, EC
chlorochrysum DC. = Syncarpha chlorochrysum dasycephalum O.Hoffm.
chrysargyrum Moeser Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 1000–2500
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1070–2260 m. m. FS, L, EC
LIM, M, S, KZN dasymallum Hilliard
citricephalum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt H. lanatum Harv., not of Schrank (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1220–1465 m.
citrinum Less. = Syncarpha affinis LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
coactum M.D.Hend. = H. umbraculigerum davyi S.Moore = H. nudifolium var. nudifolium
cochleariforme DC. declinatum (L.f.) Less. = Gnaphalium declinatum
H. imbricatum (L.) Less. (2) decorum DC.
H. stellatum (L.) Less. var. globiferum Harv. (2) Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.4 m. Alt 5–900 m. S, KZN,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 5–365 m. EC
WC
deserticola Hilliard
cochleariforme in sense of Harv., not of DC. = H. pul- Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.02–0.06 m. Alt? N
chellum
difficile Hilliard
comosum Sch.Bip. = H. asperum var. comosum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.75–1.8 m. Alt 1520–2100 m.
concinnum N.E.Br. = H. pulchellum LIM, NW, G, M, S
confertifolium Klatt diffusum DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 170–2200 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 300–1575 m. KZN,
LIM, M, FS, KZN, EC WC
confertum N.E.Br. dinteri S.Moore var. obtusum S.Moore = H. obtusum
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.07–0.2 m. Alt 1800– drakensbergense Killick
3355 m. KZN, L, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1525–
cooperi Harv. 2805 m. KZN
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 395–2900 m. M, FS, dregeanum Sond. & Harv.
KZN, L, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 300–2045
coriaceum (DC.) Harv. = H. rotundatum m. N, NW, G, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
coriaceum Harv. = H. nudifolium var. nudifolium dunense Hilliard
crassifolium of authors, not of (L.) D.Don = H. crispum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 5–15 m. NC, WC
crispum (L.) D.Don dykei Bolus = Syncarpha dykei
Gnaphalium crispum L. (2) ecklonis Sond.
H. crassifolium of authors, not of (L.) D.Don (2) H. calocephalum Schltr. (2)
H. rotundifolium in sense of Moeser, not of (Thunb.) Less. (2) H. lamprocephalum Bolus (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 5–915 m. WC H. scapiforme Moeser (2)
crispum (L.) D.Don var. citrinum Harv. = H. patulum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 5–2865 m. M, FS,
KZN, L, EC
crispum of authors, not of (L.) D.Don = H. patulum
edwardsii Wild
cylindricum D.Don = H. cylindriflorum Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1420–1675 m. LIM, M
cylindriflorum (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt elegantissimum DC.
Gnaphalium cylindriflorum L. (2) Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1370–2560 m. KZN,
H. cylindricum D.Don (2)
H. fastigiatum Harv. (2) L, EC
H. leipoldtii Bolus (2) engelianum Dinter = H. cerastioides var. aurosicum
H. rubellum (Thunb.) Less. (2) epapposum Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 30–1450 H. flavum Burtt Davy (2)
m. NC, WC H. inerme Moeser excl. var. brachycladum Moeser (2)

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 915–2100 m. LIM, fulgidum (L.f.) Willd. var. angustifolium DC. = H.
NW, M, S, KZN, EC aureum var. aureum
epapposum Bolus var. robustum Bolus = H. griseolana- fulgidum (L.f.) Willd. var. heterotrichum DC. = H.
tum aureum var. aureum
ephelos Hilliard fulgidum (L.f.) Willd. var. monocephalum DC. = H.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1675–2180 m. aureum var. monocephalum
KZN, EC fulgidum (L.f.) Willd. var. nanum DC. = H. aureum var.
ericifolium Less. = H. asperum var. asperum monocephalum
ericifolium Less. var. albidulum DC. = H. asperum var. fulgidum (L.f.) Willd. var. subnudatum DC. = H. tenax
albidulum var. tenax
ericifolium Less. var. appressifolium Moeser = H. aspe- fulvellum Harv. = H. rotundatum
rum var. appressifolium fulvum N.E.Br.
ericifolium Less. var. laxum (DC.) Harv. = H. asperum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1400–2100 m. FS,
var. asperum KZN, EC
ericifolium Less. var. lineare in sense of Harv., not of H. galpinii N.E.Br.
lineare DC. = H. asperum var. comosum H. galpinii N.E.Br. var. tenuis Burtt Davy (2)
ericifolium Less. var. metalasioides (DC.) Harv. = H.
2320 m. LIM, M, S
niveum
ericoides (Lam.) Pers. = Dolichothrix ericoides galpinii N.E.Br. var. tenuis Burtt Davy = H. galpinii
eriophorum Conrath = H. acutatum galpinii Schltr. & Moeser = H. acutatum
ernestianum DC. = H. sessile gariepinum DC.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 90–
erosum Harv. = H. rosum var. rosum
915 m. N, NC
erubescens Hilliard
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.1 m. Alt? N gazense S.Moore = H. lepidissimum
evansii Hilliard gemmiferum Bolus = Atrichantha gemmifera
H. alticolum Bolus var. montanum Bolus (3) gerberifolium A.Rich. = H. nudifolium var. nudifolium
KZN, L gerrardii Harv. = H. stenopterum
excisum (Thunb.) Less. glaciale Hilliard
Gnaphalium excisum Thunb. (2) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 2500–2910
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 305–1220 m. KZN, L, EC
m. WC, EC glomeratum Klatt
expansum (Thunb.) Less. = H. indicum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 1065–2600 m. M,
fasciculatum (Andrews) Willd. = Edmondia fasciculata FS, KZN, L, EC
fastigiatum Harv. = H. cylindriflorum grandibracteatum M.D.Hend.
felinum Less. KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 15–1900 m. KZN,
WC, EC grandiflorum (L.) D.Don
Gnaphalium grandiflorum L. (2)
filagineum DC. = H. micropoides Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 300–460 m. WC
filiforme (D.Don) Less. = Edmondia sesamoides griseolanatum Hilliard
flanaganii Bolus H. epapposum Bolus var. robustum Bolus (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 1065–3475 m. H. inerme Moeser var. brachycladum Moeser (2)
KZN, L, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 1065–
2620 m. KZN, L, EC
flavum Burtt Davy = H. epapposum
griseum Sond.
fleckii S.Moore = H. pumilio subsp. fleckii H. agrostophilum Klatt in part (2)
fleckii S.Moore var. dinteri (S.Moore) Merxm. & Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.35–0.75 m. Alt 60–1500 m.
A.Schreib. = H. pumilio subsp. fleckii KZN, EC
floccosum Klatt = H. acutatum gymnocomum DC.
foetidum (L.) Moench var. foetidum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 5–3000 m. KZN,
Gnaphalium foetidum L. (2) L, EC
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 5–1670 m. WC, EC hamulosum E.Mey. ex DC.
fourcadei Hilliard Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 810–850 365–1860 m. NC, WC, EC
m. WC, EC harveyanum Wild
fruticans (L.) D.Don H. subulifolium Harv. (2)
Gnaphalium fruticans L. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt 1120–1720 m. B,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 365–750 m. WC LIM, NW, G, M

haygarthii Bolus inornatum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt

H. multirosulatum O.Hoffm. & Muschl. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1500–2290 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 2000– KZN
2230 m. FS, KZN
interjacens Hilliard
hebelepis DC. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1300–
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–2.5 m. Alt 5–1270 m. NC, 2300 m. M, S, KZN
WC
interzonale Compton
helianthemifolium (L.) D.Don Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 550–1500
Gnaphalium helianthemifolium L. (2)
H. capitellatum (Thunb.) Less. (2)
m. WC
Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt intricatum DC.
50–1745 m. WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–1675 m. WC, EC
helodes Hiern = H. aureonitens involucratum Klatt = H. spiralepis
herbaceum (Andrews) Sweet isolepis Bolus
H. squamosum of authors, not of (Jacq.) Thunb. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 1645–2255 m. EC
Xeranthemum herbaceum Andrews (2)
jubilatum Hilliard
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt? NC
LIM, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
junodii Moeser
herniarioides DC.
Gnaphalium indicum in sense of Dinter, not of L., misapplied name (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1100–1925 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.15 m. Alt 5–1675 m. N, NC, LIM
WC kraussii Sch.Bip.
H. steetzii (Vatke) O.Hoffm. (2)
heterolasium Hilliard Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 5–1850 m. LIM,
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 2280–2850 m. KZN, L NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN
hochstetteri (A.Rich.) Hook.f. = H. stenopterum krebsianum Less.
homilochrysum S.Moore Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 100–2135 m. KZN,
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1350– EC
1990 m. M, S krookii Moeser
humile (Andrews) Less. = Edmondia pinifolia Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 1650–2835 m.
hutchinsonii E.Phillips = H. pumilio subsp. pumilio KZN, L, EC
hyphocephalum Hilliard kuntzei (Kuntze) Moeser = H. melanacme
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 1830–2500 m. laevigatum Markötter = H. sessile
KZN lambertianum DC.
hypoleucum Harv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 155–1525 m. WC
Gnaphalium subcordatum Kuntze (2)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 1200–2135 m. lamprocephalum Bolus = H. ecklonis
M, FS, KZN lanatomarginatum Markötter = H. thapsus
imbricatum (L.) Less. = H. cochleariforme lanatum Harv., not of Schrank = H. dasymallum
incarnatum DC. lancifolium (Thunb.) Thunb.
H. rubellum (Thunb.) Less. var. incarnatum (DC.) Harv. (2) Xeranthemum lancifolium Thunb. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 180–1170 Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 670–1980
m. WC m. WC, EC
indicum (L.) Grierson laneum S.Moore = H. pumilio subsp. pumilio
Gnaphalium indicum L. (2)
H. expansum (Thunb.) Less. (2) lasianthum Schltr. & Moeser = Vellereophyton lasian-
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 15–825 m. WC thum
inerme Moeser excl. var. brachycladum Moeser = H. latifolium (Thunb.) Less. = H. nudifolium var. pilosel-
epapposum lum
inerme Moeser var. brachycladum Moeser = H. grise- leiopodium DC. = H. nudifolium var. nudifolium
olanatum leiopodium DC. var. denudatum Harv. = H. nudifolium
infaustum J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans var. nudifolium
Calomeria infausta (J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans) Heine (2)
Humea infausta (J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans) S.Moore (2) leipoldtii Bolus = H. cylindriflorum
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 400–2775 leontonyx DC.
m. M, FS, KZN, L Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. Alt 120–1260 m. N,
infaustum J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans var. discolor Moeser NC, WC, EC
= H. cymosum subsp. calvum lepidissimum S.Moore
H. gazense S.Moore (2)
infuscum Burtt Davy = H. cephaloideum H. lepidissimum S.Moore var. flavidum Moeser (2)
ingomense Hilliard Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.75 m. Alt 1200–2080
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt ?–1335 m. KZN m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC

lepidissimum S.Moore var. flavidum Moeser = H. lepi- metalasioides DC. = H. niveum

dissimum miconiifolium DC.
lepidopodium Bolus = Syncarpha lepidopodium Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 185–3050 m. LIM,
leptolepis DC. = H. candolleanum NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
leptorhizum DC. micropoides DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.06 m. Alt 300–330 m. NC, Gnaphalium prostratum Thunb. (2)
H. filagineum DC. (2)
WC H. namaquense Schltr. & Moeser (2)
lesliei Hilliard Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.05 m. Alt 10–
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 1370–1890 1300 m. N, NC, WC
m. G, M milfordiae Killick
lineare DC. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.12 m. Alt
H. seineri Moeser (2) 2440–3500 m. KZN, L
B, LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC milleri Hilliard
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1730–2000 m. M, S
lineare DC. var. caespititium DC. = H. caespititium
mimetes S.Moore
lineatum Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 1065–
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 2700– 2090 m. LIM, M, S
3240 m. L, EC
mixtum (Kuntze) Moeser var. grandiceps Hilliard
lingulatum Hilliard Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 660–1600 m. M, S
KZN, L, EC mixtum (Kuntze) Moeser var. mixtum
Gnaphalium mixtum Kuntze (2)
litorale Bolus Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 15–1830 m. LIM,
Leontonyx angustifolius DC. (2) NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
Leontonyx spathulatus Less. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 5–1500 m. WC, moeserianum Thell.
H. rutilans of authors, not of (L.) D.Don (2)
EC
longebracteatum Schrank = Edmondia pinifolia WC
longifolium DC. molestum Hilliard
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 10–915 m. KZN, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1675–2050 m. LIM,
EC G, M, S
longinquum Hilliard mollifolium Hilliard
KZN KZN
lucilioides Less. montanum DC.
Leontonyx ramosissimum O.Hoffm. (2) H. splendidum (Thunb.) Less. var. montanum (DC.) Harv. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 900–1585 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 1370–
m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC 2745 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
manopappum O.Hoffm. = H. rutilans monticola Hilliard
marginatum DC. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1500–2700 m. M,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt S, FS, KZN, EC
2440–3355 m. FS, KZN, L, EC montis-cati Hilliard
mariepscopicum Hilliard Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 1520–1670 m. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt montosicolum Gand. = Pseudognaphalium undulatum
1370–1675 m. M
mucronatum (P.J.Bergius) Less. = Syncarpha mucronata
marifolium DC.
H. umbellatum (Turcz.) Harv. (2) multirosulatum O.Hoffm. & Muschl. = H. haygarthii
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 610–1500 m. WC mundtii Harv.
marifolium of authors, not of DC. = H. capense Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 700–2100 m. LIM,
maritimum D.Don = H. dasyanthum NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
marlothianum O.Hoffm. mutabile Hilliard
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt 300–400 m. N Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 750–2100 m. LIM,
marmarolepis S.Moore G, M, S
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.25 m. Alt 30–400 m. NC, namaquense Schltr. & Moeser = H. micropoides
WC nanum Klatt
melanacme DC. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 1405–3355 m. FS,
H. kuntzei (Kuntze) Moeser (2) KZN, L, EC
H. pullulum Burtt Davy (2)
H. tenuiculum in sense of Hilliard, not of DC. (2) natalitium DC.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 50–2500 m. KZN,
1130–2835 m. G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC EC

nimbicola Hilliard odoratissimum (L.) Sweet

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 2500–2800 m. Gnaphalium odoratissimum L. (2)
KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.75 m. Alt 5–3050 m.
LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
niveum (L.) Less.
Gnaphalium niveum L. (2) oligopappum Bolus
H. ericifolium Less. var. metalasioides (DC.) Harv. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 915–1675 m. KZN
H. metalasioides DC. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.06–0.9 m. Alt 5–180 m. opacum Klatt
WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 790–2100 m. M, S,
FS, KZN
niveum of authors, not of (L.) Less. = H. rutilans
orbiculare (Thunb.) Druce = Plecostachys serpyllifolia
nudifolium (L.) Less. var. leiopodium (DC.) Moeser =
H. nudifolium var. nudifolium oreophilum Dinter = Troglophyton capillaceum subsp.
capillaceum
nudifolium (L.) Less. var. nudifolium
Gnaphalium nudifolium L. (2) oreophilum Klatt
Gnaphalium plantaginifoliatum Kuntze (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.3 m. Alt 1005–2440 m.
H. asperifolium Moeser (2) LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
H. brunneum Burtt Davy (5)
H. coriaceum Harv. (5) outeniquense Hilliard
H. davyi S.Moore (5) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt?
H. gerberifolium A.Rich. (5) EC
H. leiopodium DC. (2)
H. leiopodium DC. var. denudatum Harv. (2) oxybelium DC.
H. nudifolium (L.) Less. var. leiopodium (DC.) Moeser (2) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 155–1220
H. nudifolium (L.) Less. var. obovatum Harv. (2) m. NC, WC
H. nudifolium (L.) Less. var. quinquenerve (Thunb.) Moeser (2)
H. plantaginifolium O.Hoffm. ex Moeser (5) oxyphyllum DC. = H. nudifolium var. oxyphyllum
H. quinquenerve (Thunb.) Less. (2) pachyrhizum Harv. = H. candolleanum
pachyrhizum Harv. var. thunbergii Harv. = H. pumilio
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
subsp. pumilio
nudifolium (L.) Less. var. obovatum Harv. = H. nudi-
pagophilum M.D.Hend.
folium var. nudifolium
nudifolium (L.) Less. var. oxyphyllum (DC.) Beentje 3500 m. KZN, L
H. amoenum Moeser (5)
H. oxyphyllum DC. (5) paleatum Hilliard
H. undatum (J.F.Gmel.) Less. (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 1900–2500 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 50–1675 m. LIM, KZN, L
G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC pallidum DC.
nudifolium (L.) Less. var. pilosellum (L.f.) Beentje H. agrostophilum Klatt in part (2)
Gnaphalium pilosellum L.f. (5) H. agrostophilum Klatt var. nemorosum Bolus (2)
H. latifolium (Thunb.) Less. (5) H. undatum (J.F.Gmel.) Less. var. agrostophilum (Klatt) Moeser (2)
H. pedunculare (L.) DC. var. pilosellum (L.f.) Harv. (5) H. undatum (J.F.Gmel.) Less. var. pallidum (DC.) Harv. (2)
H. pilosellum (L.f.) Less. (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.65 m. Alt 10–2700 m. LIM,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 30–2810 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC palustre Hilliard
nudifolium (L.) Less. var. quinquenerve (Thunb.) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 2300–3400 m.
Moeser = H. nudifolium var. nudifolium KZN, L, EC
nummularium Moeser = H. rotundifolium panduratum O.Hoffm. var. panduratum
H. auriculatum in sense of Oliv. & Hiern, not of Less. (2)
obductum Bolus H. auriculatum Less. var. panduratum Harv. (2)
H. obductum Bolus var. laxior Bolus (8)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 765– Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 10–1220 m.
2100 m. LIM, M, KZN KZN, EC
obductum Bolus var. laxior Bolus = H. obductum panduratum O.Hoffm. var. transvaalense Moeser
obtusum (S.Moore) Moeser LIM, M, S, KZN
H. dinteri S.Moore var. obtusum S.Moore (2)
H. obtusum (S.Moore) Moeser var. microphyllum Merxm. & pandurifolium Schrank
A.Schreib. (2) H. auriculatum Less. (2)
H. obtusum (S.Moore) Moeser var. namibense Merxm. & Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 15–1525 m.
A.Schreib. (2) WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.04–0.15 m. Alt 190– paniculatum (L.) Willd. = Syncarpha paniculata
1160 m. N, FS, NC, EC
pannosum DC.
obtusum (S.Moore) Moeser var. microphyllum Merxm. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–1 m. Alt 220–650 m. KZN,
& A.Schreib. = H. obtusum EC
obtusum (S.Moore) Moeser var. namibense Merxm. & paronychioides DC.
A.Schreib. = H. obtusum Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.02–0.05 m. Alt
obvallatum DC. = H. cerastioides var. cerastioides 610–1740 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC

parviflorum (Lam.) DC. = H. rutilans pulvinatum O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze = H. sutherlandii

patulum (L.) D.Don pumilio (O.Hoffm.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt subsp. fleckii
Gnaphalium patulum L. (2) (S.Moore) Hilliard
H. crispum (L.) D.Don var. citrinum Harv. (2) H. fleckii S.Moore (2)
H. crispum of authors, not of (L.) D.Don (2) H. fleckii S.Moore var. dinteri (S.Moore) Merxm. & A.Schreib. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 5–640 m. WC H. viscidissimum Hutch. (2)
H. viscidissimum Hutch. var. volkii Merxm. (2)
pedunculare (L.) DC. var. pilosellum (L.f.) Harv. = H.
nudifolium var. pilosellum
2480 m. N
pedunculare of authors, not of (L.) DC. = H. peduncu-
latum pumilio (O.Hoffm.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt subsp. pumilio
H. bolusianum Moeser (2)
pedunculatum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt H. hutchinsonii E.Phillips (2)
H. pedunculare of authors, not of (L.) DC. (2) H. laneum S.Moore (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 30–1525 m. FS, L, H. pachyrhizum Harv. var. thunbergii Harv. (2)
WC, EC Leontonyx pumilio O.Hoffm. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.02–0.25 m. Alt
pentzioides Less. 135–2090 m. FS, NC, WC, EC
1420 m. FS, NC, WC, EC qathlambanum Hilliard
petiolare Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
H. petiolatum of authors, not of (L.) DC. (2) KZN, L
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–4.5 m. Alt 5–1890 m. quinquenerve (Thunb.) Less. = H. nudifolium var. nudi-
WC, EC folium
petiolatum of authors, not of (L.) DC. = H. petiolare randii S.Moore = H. chionosphaerum
petraeum Hilliard rangei Moeser ex Dinter = H. arenicola
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1350–1850 m. S, recurvatum (L.f.) Thunb. = Syncarpha recurvata
KZN reflexum N.E.Br.
pilosellum (L.f.) Less. = H. nudifolium var. pilosellum Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–0.75 m. Alt
pinifolium (Lam.) Schrank = Edmondia pinifolia 1350–2400 m. LIM, M, S
plantaginifolium O.Hoffm. ex Moeser = H. nudifolium refractum Hilliard
var. nudifolium Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 330–800 m.
platypterum DC. EC
Cassinia alba O.Hoffm. (2) retortoides N.E.Br.
Gnaphalium amplum Kuntze (2) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 50–2135 m. LIM, M, 2200–3355 m. KZN, L
S, FS, KZN, L, EC retortum (L.) Willd.
plebeium DC. Xeranthemum retortum L. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 100–600 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 5–45 m.
WC WC
polycladum Klatt retortum (L.) Willd. var. minus DC. = H. stoloniferum
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 1200–3300 m. LIM, retusum (Lam.) Spreng. = Facelis retusa
NW, G, M, S, KZN revolutum (Thunb.) Less.
polyphyllum Conrath = H. cephaloideum Gnaphalium revolutum Thunb. (2)
pondoense Schltr. = H. chionosphaerum Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–2 m. Alt 5–
1200 m. N, NC, WC
populifolium DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2 m. Alt 10–800 m. KZN, rogersii S.Moore = H. praecinctum
EC roseo-niveum Marloth & O.Hoffm.
praecinctum Klatt Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.15 m. Alt
H. rogersii S.Moore (2) 200–1065 m. N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 5–15 m. EC rosum (P.J.Bergius) Less. var. arcuatum Hilliard
praecurrens Hilliard Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 50–1220
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.03 m. Alt 2050–3670 m. m. FS, EC
FS, KZN, L rosum (P.J.Bergius) Less. var. concolorum (DC.)
pseudofasciculatum Schrank = Edmondia sesamoides Moeser = H. rosum var. rosum
psilolepis Harv. rosum (P.J.Bergius) Less. var. rosum
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 600–2500 m. G, M, Gnaphalium rosum P.J.Bergius (2)
H. erosum Harv. (2)
FS, KZN, L, EC H. rosum (P.J.Bergius) Less. var. concolorum (DC.) Moeser (2)
pulchellum DC. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 20–
H. cochleariforme in sense of Harv., not of DC. (2) 1830 m. WC, EC
H. concinnum N.E.Br. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 700–1220 m. NC, rotundatum Harv.
Eriosphaera coriacea DC. (2)
WC H. coriaceum (DC.) Harv. (2)
pullulum Burtt Davy = H. melanacme H. fulvellum Harv. (2)

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 1200– sesamoides (L.) Willd. var. heterophyllum Harv. = Ed-
1525 m. WC mondia sesamoides
rotundifolium in sense of Moeser, not of (Thunb.) Less. sesamoides (L.) Willd. var. willdenowii Harv. = Ed-
= H. crispum mondia sesamoides
rotundifolium (Thunb.) Less. sessile DC.
Gnaphalium rotundifolium Thunb. (2) H. ernestianum DC. (2)
H. nummularium Moeser (2) H. laevigatum Markötter (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 580– Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.04–0.1 m. Alt 1370–
2000 m. WC 2855 m. FS, EC
rubellum (Thunb.) Less. = H. cylindriflorum sessile of authors, not of DC. = H. sessilioides
rubellum (Thunb.) Less. var. incarnatum (DC.) Harv. = sessilioides Hilliard
H. incarnatum H. aretioides Thell. (2)
H. sessile of authors, not of DC. (2)
ruderale Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 2000–
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 15–1050 m. KZN 3200 m. KZN, L, EC
rudolfii Hilliard setigerum Bolus = H. albo-brunneum
LIM, M setigerum Bolus var. minor Bolus = H. albo-brunneum
rugulosum Less. setosum Harv.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 15–2225 m. LIM, Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–1.2 m. Alt 1220–2000
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN
rutilans (L.) D.Don silicicolum Compton = H. simulans
Gnaphalium rutilans L. (2) silvaticum Hilliard
H. manopappum O.Hoffm. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 5–50 m. KZN
H. niveum of authors, not of (L.) Less. (2)
H. parviflorum (Lam.) DC. (2) simii Bolus = Gnaphalium simii
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.01–0.6 m. Alt 10– simillimum DC.
1600 m. FS, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 250–2315 m. KZN,
rutilans of authors, not of (L.) D.Don = H. moeseria- WC, EC
num simulans Harv. & Sond.
saxicola Hilliard H. silicicolum Compton (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 2000– Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 270–
2170 m. WC 1500 m. WC
scabrum (Thunb.) Less. solitarium Hilliard
H. scabrum (Thunb.) Less. var. microphyllum (DC.) Harv. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. Alt 2950–3000 m.
H. scabrum (Thunb.) Less. var. scaberrimum Harv. (2) WC
sordescens DC. = Syncarpha sordescens
WC
scabrum (Thunb.) Less. var. microphyllum (DC.) Harv. spathulatum Moeser = H. acrophilum
= H. scabrum spectabile Lodd. = Edmondia pinifolia
scabrum (Thunb.) Less. var. scaberrimum Harv. = H. sphaeroideum Moeser
scabrum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 900–1600
scapiforme Moeser = H. ecklonis m. WC
schlechteri Bolus = H. acutatum spiciforme DC.
scitulum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 1800–2000 975–1525 m. N, B, NC
m. WC, EC spiciforme DC. subsp. amboense (Schinz) Merxm. = H.
scleranthoides S.Moore = Ifloga molluginoides amboense
scopulosum M.D.Hend. = H. aureum var. scopulosum spiciforme DC. var. amboense (Schinz) Moeser = H.
amboense
seineri Moeser = H. lineare
spinosum (L.) Willd. = Macledium spinosum
serpyllifolium (P.J.Bergius) Pers. = Plecostachys ser-
pyllifolia spiralepis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
H. involucratum Klatt (2)
serpyllifolium (P.J.Bergius) Pers. var. orbiculare (Thunb.) Leontonyx squarrosus DC. (2)
DC. = Plecostachys serpyllifolia Leontonyx tomentosus Cass. (2)
serpyllifolium (P.J.Bergius) Pers. var. polifolium (Thunb.) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 5–2865 m. LIM,
DC. = Plecostachys polifolia M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
sesamoides (L.) Willd. = Edmondia sesamoides splendidum (Thunb.) Less.
Gnaphalium splendidum Thunb. (2)
sesamoides (L.) Willd. var. fasciculatum (Andrews) Harv. H. strictum (Lam.) Druce (2)
= Edmondia fasciculata Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–1.55 m. Alt
sesamoides (L.) Willd. var. filiforme (D.Don) Harv. = 1045–2745 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC,
Edmondia sesamoides EC

splendidum (Thunb.) Less. var. basuticum E.Phillips = tenax M.D.Hend. var. tenax
H. witbergense H. fulgidum (L.f.) Willd. var. subnudatum DC. (2)
splendidum (Thunb.) Less. var. montanum (DC.) Harv. Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.9 m. Alt 1300–3355
= H. montanum m. KZN, L, EC
spodiophyllum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt tenuiculum DC.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 650–
1370–2095 m. M, S, KZN, EC 1500 m. WC, EC
squamosum (Jacq.) Thunb. = Edmondia pinifolia tenuiculum in sense of Hilliard, not of DC. = H. mela-
squamosum of authors, not of (Jacq.) Thunb. = H. her- nacme
baceum tenuifolium Killick
steetzii (Vatke) O.Hoffm. = H. kraussii Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2.1 m. Alt 1650–2745 m.
KZN
stellatum (L.) Less.
Gnaphalium stellatum L. (2) teretifolium (L.) D.Don
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 30– Gnaphalium teretifolium L. (2)
H. teretifolium (L.) D.Don var. natalense Harv. (2)
915 m. NC, WC
stellatum (L.) Less. var. globiferum Harv. = H. cochleari- 1645 m. KZN, WC, EC
forme
teretifolium (L.) D.Don var. natalense Harv. = H. tereti-
stenopterum DC. folium
Achyrocline stenoptera (DC.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (4)
H. gerrardii Harv. (2) thapsus (Kuntze) Moeser
H. hochstetteri (A.Rich.) Hook.f. (4) Gnaphalium thapsus Kuntze (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 5–1830 m. B, LIM, H. lanatomarginatum Markötter (2)
NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 760–1700 m. LIM,
M, S, KZN, EC
stoloniferum (L.f.) Willd.
H. retortum (L.) Willd. var. minus DC. (2) tinctum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Xeranthemum stoloniferum L.f. (2) Gnaphalium tinctum Thunb. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1200–1920 Leontonyx bicolor DC. (2)
Leontonyx coloratus Cass. (2)
m. WC Leontonyx glomeratus (L.) DC. (2)
striatum (Thunb.) Thunb. = Syncarpha striata Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt 250–
strictum (Lam.) Druce = H. splendidum 1675 m. NC, WC, EC
subfalcatum Hilliard tomentosulum (Klatt) Merxm. subsp. aromaticum
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 2100–3355 m. (Dinter) Merxm.
KZN, L H. aromaticum Dinter (2)
subglomeratum Less.
H. subglomeratum Less. var. lingulatum Harv. (2) 1005 m. N, NC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 5–3475 m. N, LIM, tomentosulum (Klatt) Merxm. subsp. tomentosulum
G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC H. benguellense Hiern var. latifolium S.Moore ex Moeser (2)
Stenocline tomentosula Klatt (2)
subglomeratum Less. var. imbricatum DC. = H. alba- Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 500–
nense 2135 m. N, B
subglomeratum Less. var. lingulatum Harv. = H. sub- tongense Hilliard
glomeratum Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 5–55 m. S, KZN
subluteum Burtt Davy
transmontanum Hilliard
LIM, M, S, KZN, L, EC
LIM, M, S
subulifolium Harv. = H. harveyanum
transvalense Staner = H. acutatum
summo-montanum I.Verd.
H. andersoniense Burtt Davy (2) tricostatum (Thunb.) Less.
Gnaphalium tricostatum Thunb. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 2000–2450 m. M
sutherlandii Harv.
H. pulvinatum O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze (2) trilineatum DC.
H. sutherlandii Harv. var. semiglabrum N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1.2 m. Alt
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.06–0.4 m. 1250–3355 m. KZN, L, EC
Alt 1310–3355 m. M, FS, KZN, L truncatum Burtt Davy
sutherlandii Harv. var. semiglabrum N.E.Br. = H. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 1370–2150 m.
sutherlandii LIM, M, S
swynnertonii S.Moore tysonii Hilliard
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 915– Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.03 m. Alt 1800–2000 m.
2200 m. M, KZN, EC WC, EC
tenax M.D.Hend. var. pallidum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt umbellatum (Turcz.) Harv. = H. marifolium
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 1500–1700 umbraculigerum Less.
m. KZN, EC H. coactum M.D.Hend. (2)

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 5–2440 m. LIM, M, citrinum (Less.) Harv. & Sond., illegitimate name =
FS, KZN, L, EC Syncarpha affinis
undatum (J.F.Gmel.) Less. = H. nudifolium var. oxy- dregeanum DC. = Syncarpha dregeana
phyllum eximium (L.) DC. = Syncarpha eximia
undatum (J.F.Gmel.) Less. var. agrostophilum (Klatt) fasciculatum (Andrews) DC. = Edmondia fasciculata
Moeser = H. pallidum
ferrugineum (Lam.) DC. = Syncarpha ferruginea
undatum (J.F.Gmel.) Less. var. pallidum (DC.) Harv. =
filiforme (D.Don) DC. = Edmondia sesamoides
H. pallidum
flavum Compton = Syncarpha flava
uninervium Burtt Davy
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1100– gnaphaloides (L.) DC. = Syncarpha gnaphaloides
2075 m. LIM, G, M humile (Andrews) DC. = Edmondia pinifolia
variegatum Thunb. = Syncarpha variegata humile (Andrews) DC. var. pinifolium (Lam.) DC. =
vellereum R.A.Dyer = Vellereophyton vellereum Edmondia pinifolia
vernum Hilliard loganianum Compton = Syncarpha loganiana
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1675–2895 m. marlothii Schltr. = Syncarpha marlothii
KZN, L milleflorum (L.f.) Druce = Syncarpha milleflora
versicolor O.Hoffm. & Muschl. montanum B.Nord. = Syncarpha montana
phlomoides (Lam.) DC. = Syncarpha milleflora
vestitum (L.) Willd. = Syncarpha vestita
sesamoides (L.) DC. = Edmondia sesamoides
virgatum (P.J.Bergius) Willd. = Syncarpha staehelina
speciosissimum (L.) DC. var. angustifolium DC. = Syn-
viscidissimum Hutch. = H. pumilio subsp. fleckii carpha speciosissima subsp. angustifolia
viscidissimum Hutch. var. volkii Merxm. = H. pumilio speciosissimum (L.) DC. var. speciosissimum = Syn-
subsp. fleckii carpha speciosissima subsp. speciosissima
wilmsii Moeser variegatum (P.J.Bergius) DC. = Syncarpha variegata
1060–1980 m. LIM, M, S virgatum (P.J.Bergius) DC. in sense of most authors, not
Xeranthemum virgatum P.J.Bergius (1767) =
witbergense Bolus Syncarpha staehelina
H. splendidum (Thunb.) Less. var. basuticum E.Phillips (2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt zeyheri Sond. = Syncarpha zeyheri
2600–3475 m. L, EC
HERTIA Less. 9377000
woodii N.E.Br.
m. KZN (1) Kuntze. 1891. Revisio generum plantarum 1: 344.
(2) Fourcade. 1940. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa
xerochrysum DC. No. 20: 27.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 670–1465 m. KZN, (3) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 99, 100.
EC (4) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 39.
(5) Herman. 1998. Bothalia 28: 192.
zeyheri Less.
H. zeyheri Less. var. burchellii (DC.) Harv. (2) alata (Thunb.) Kuntze
H. zeyheri Less. var. intermedium (DC.) Harv. (2) Doria alata Thunb. (1, 2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 185– Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.3 m. Alt 320–
2479 m. N, B, LIM, NW, FS, L, NC, WC, EC 1372 m. WC, EC
zeyheri Less. var. burchellii (DC.) Harv. = H. zeyheri ciliata (Harv.) Kuntze
Doria ciliata Harv. (1, 3)
zeyheri Less. var. intermedium (DC.) Harv. = H. zeyheri Othonna dinteri Muschl. ex Dinter (3)
Othonna macrocephala Muschl. ex Dinter (3)
zwartbergense Bolus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.03 m. Alt 1200–2200 m. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 800–
WC, EC 1435 m. N, NW, FS, NC, EC
cluytiifolia (DC.) Kuntze
HELIPTERUM DC. 9000000 Doria cluytiifolia DC. (1)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt 465–
affine B.Nord. = Syncarpha affinis 1524 m. NC, EC
argyropsis DC. = Syncarpha argyropsis cneorifolia (DC.) Kuntze = Lopholaena cneorifolia
brachypterum Levyns = Syncarpha zeyheri kraussii (Sch.Bip.) Fourc.
canescens (L.) DC. var. canescens = Syncarpha canes- Doria kraussii Sch.Bip. (2)
cens subsp. canescens Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.25 m. Alt 60–1450 m. NC,
WC, EC
canescens (L.) DC. var. leucolepis DC. = Syncarpha
canescens subsp. leucolepis kuntzei O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze = Senecio lydenburgensis
canescens (L.) DC. var. tricolor DC. = Syncarpha natalensis O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze = Senecio affinis
canescens subsp. tricolor pallens (DC.) Kuntze

Othonna albicaulis Dinter (3) spinosissima Sch.Bip. ex Walp. = Heterorhachis

Othonna muschleriana Dinter (3) aculeata
Othonna pallens DC. (1, 3)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 460–1435 HIERACIUM L. 9607000
m. N, NW, FS, NC, EC
capense L. = Tolpis capensis
HETERACTIS DC. 8882020 polyodon Fr. = Crepis hypochaeridea
falcata DC. = Gymnostephium ciliare
HILLIARDIA B.Nord. 9339020
HETEROLEPIS Cass. 9057000 Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman (1) Nordenstam. 1987. Opera Botanica 92: 147–151.
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 469.
(2) Druce. 1917. Report of the Botanical Exchange Club of the
zuurbergensis (Oliv.) B.Nord.
Matricaria zuurbergensis Oliv. (1)
British Isles 1916: 628.
(3) Merxmüller. 1950. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssamm- Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 500–2000 m.
lung München 1: 38, 39. KZN, EC
aliena (L.f.) Druce
H. decipiens Cass. (2, 3) HIPPIA L. 9357000
Minurothamnus phagnaloides DC. (3) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Oedera aliena L.f. (1, 2)
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 170, 171.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.25–0.91 m. (2) Druce. 1917. Report of the Botanical Exchange Club of the
Alt 30–1500 m. WC British Isles 1916: 628.
decipiens Cass. = H. aliena (3) Hutchinson. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum 9: 394, 395.
(4) Hutchinson. 1918. Kew Bulletin 1918: 178–181.
mitis (Burm.) DC. (5) Compton. 1940. Journal of South African Botany 6: 60, 61.
Gorteria mitis Burm. (1) (6) Merxmüller. 1951. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssamm-
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht? Alt? EC lung München 1: 79, 80.
peduncularis DC. bicolor (Roth) Smith = Dichrocephala integrifolia subsp.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt integrifolia
50–430 m. WC bolusae Hutch.
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 152–
HETEROMMA Benth. 8931000 2100 m. WC, EC
frutescens (L.) L.
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 100–102. Tanacetum frutescens L. (1, 4)
decurrens (DC.) O.Hoffm. Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.15–1.5 m. Alt 10–
Chrysocoma decurrens DC. (1) 1150 m. WC, EC
Chrysocoma decurrens DC. var. pterocaula (DC.) Harv. (1)
Chrysocoma pterocaula DC. (1) gracilis Less. = H. pilosa
Senecio evansii N.E.Br. (1) hirsuta DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.76–2.4 m. Alt up to 2485 m. FS, Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1000–1065
KZN, L, EC m. WC
krookii (O.Hoffm. & Muschl.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt hutchinsonii Merxm.
Pentheriella krookii O.Hoffm. & Muschl. (1)
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.45–0.9 m. Alt 0–
Perennial. Herb or shrub. Ht 0.8–1.2 m. Alt 1800–
1200 m. WC
2225 m. FS, KZN
simplicifolium J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans integrifolia Less.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.91–1.06 m. Alt 1800–2500 m. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1219–1615
KZN, EC m. WC
integrifolia L.f. = Dichrocephala integrifolia subsp.
HETERORHACHIS Sch.Bip. 9438020 integrifolia
ex Walp. montana Compton
Compiled by E. Retief Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 610–1280 m.
(1) Roessler. 1959. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung WC
München 3: 312–315.
(2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 336. pilosa (P.J.Bergius) Druce
H. gracilis Less. (2, 4)
aculeata (Burm.f.) Roessler Tanacetum pilosum P.J.Bergius (1, 2, 4)
Berkheya eryngiifolia Less. (1) Perennial. Suffrutex or herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 20–1645
Berkheya palmata (Thunb.) Willd. (1)
Berkheya pinnata (Thunb.) Less. (1) m. WC, EC
Carlina aculeata Burm.f. (1) trilobata Hutch.
Crocodilodes eryngiifolium (Less.) Kuntze (1) Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 400–500 m.
Crocodilodes palmatum (Thunb.) Kuntze (1)
Crocodilodes pinnatum (Thunb.) Kuntze (1) WC
H. spinosissima Sch.Bip. ex Walp. (1)
Rohria palmata Thunb. (1) HIRPICIUM Cass. 9435000
Stobaea pinnata Thunb. (1) Compiled by E. Retief
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.65 m. Alt ± 640 m. (1) Roessler. 1959. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
NC München 3: 333–363.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Hertia

(2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 545–547. dinteriana Muschl. ex Dinter = Antiphiona pinnatisecta
(3) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 246–252.
(4)
(5)
Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 322.
Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 336.
HOMOCHROMA DC. 8839000
ecklonis DC. = Zyrphelis ecklonis
alienatum (Thunb.) Druce
H. echinulatum Cass. (1)
Oedera alienata Thunb. (1) HOPLOPHYLLUM DC. 8749000
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 100–1372 m. Compiled by N. Netnou
N, NC, WC (1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 53, 54.
(2) Karis. 1992. Taxon 41: 193–198.
armerioides (DC.) Roessler
Gazania armerioides DC. (1) ferox Sond.
H. armerioides (DC.) Roessler subsp. rudatisii Roessler (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt up to 400 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.3 m. Alt 245–3475 m. M, spinosum DC.
FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5−1.7 m. Alt 60−450 m. WC
armerioides (DC.) Roessler subsp. rudatisii Roessler =
H. armerioides HUMEA Sm. 9019010
bechuanense (S.Moore) Roessler infausta (J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans) S.Moore = Heli-
Berkheyopsis bechuanensis S.Moore (1) chrysum infaustum
Berkheyopsis brevisquama Mattf. (1)
Berkheyopsis rehmannii Thell. (1) HYDROIDEA P.O.Karis 9043020
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 248–1400 Compiled by M. Koekemoer
m. B, LIM, NW, G, M (1) Karis. 1990. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 102: 23–36.
echinulatum Cass. = H. alienatum elsiae (Hilliard) P.O.Karis
echinus Less. Atrichantha elsiae Hilliard (1)
Berkheyopsis echinus (Less.) O.Hoffm. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 700–1200
Berkheyopsis kuntzei O.Hoffm. (1) m. WC
Gazania burchellii DC. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 400–1380 m. N, HYMENOLEPIS Cass. 9327000
FS, NC Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
gazanioides (Harv.) Roessler (1) Bremer & Källersjö. 1985. Nordic Journal of Botany 5: 517–520.
Berkheya gazanioides Harv. (1) (2) Källersjö. 1985. Nordic Journal of Botany 5: 534.
Berkheyopsis pechuelii (Kuntze) O.Hoffm. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 320–1450 m. N, B, cynopus K.Bremer & Källersjö
NC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 980–1460 m. WC
gorterioides (Oliv. & Hiern) Roessler subsp. gorteri- dentata (DC.) Källersjö
Athanasia schizolepis Harv. (1, 2)
oides Oligodora dentata DC. (1, 2)
Berkheya gorterioides Oliv. & Hiern (1)
Berkheyopsis angolensis O.Hoffm. (1)
Berkheyopsis gorterioides (Oliv. & Hiern) Thell. (1) WC
Berkheyopsis gossweileri S.Moore (1) dregeana DC. = Inulanthera dregeana
Berkheyopsis langii Bremek. & Oberm. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.45 m. Alt 940–1450 m. N, B gnidioides (S.Moore) Källersjö
Phaeocephalus gnidioides S.Moore (1, 2)
gorterioides (Oliv. & Hiern) Roessler subsp. schinzii Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 575–1525 m. WC
(O.Hoffm.) Roessler
Berkheyopsis schinzii O.Hoffm. (1) incisa DC.
Athanasia incisa (DC.) Harv. (1, 2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 1090–1500 m. N
integrifolium (Thunb.) Less.
Gazania integrifolia (Thunb.) Spreng. (1) indivisa (Harv.) Källersjö
Gorteria integrifolia Thunb. (1) Athanasia indivisa Harv. (1, 2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 215–565 Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.3 m. Alt 305–850 m. EC
m. WC leptocephala Cass. = H. parviflora
linearifolium (Bolus) Roessler leucoclada DC. = Inulanthera leucoclada
Berkheyopsis linearifolia (Bolus) Burtt Davy (1)
Gazania linearifolia Bolus (1)
parviflora (L.) DC.
Athanasia parviflora L. (1, 2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 1500–2340 m. M, S H. leptocephala Cass. (1)
HOLOPHYLLUM Less. 9326040 WC
capitatum (L.) Less. = Athanasia capitata
punctata DC. = Inulanthera dregeana
capitatum (L.) Less. var. glabratum DC. = Athanasia
capitata speciosa (Hutch.) Källersjö
Athanasia speciosa Hutch. (1, 2)
lanuginosum (Cav.) DC. = Athanasia capitata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt 762–1830 m.
scabrum DC. = Athanasia capitata WC
HOMOCHAETE Benth. 9053010 HYOSERIS L. 9563000
conferta Benth. = Macowania conferta tenella Thunb. = Hypochaeris glabra
ASTERACEAE Hirpicium DICOTYLEDONS

HYPERICOPHYLLUM Steetz 9262000 pilulifera Schltr. = Trichogyne pilulifera

Compiled by N. Netnou polycnemoides Fenzl = Trichogyne polycnemoides
(1) Pope. 1975. Kirkia 10,1: 108−110. reflexa (L.f.) Schltr. = Trichogyne repens
elatum (O.Hoffm.) N.E.Br. repens (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt = Trichogyne repens
Jaumea elata O.Hoffm. (1)
seriphioides Schltr., illegitimate name = Trichogyne
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 580–765 m. LIM
ambigua
*HYPOCHAERIS L. 9572000 thellungiana Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
I. ambigua Thell. (1)
(2) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 192–194. verticillata (L.f.) Fenzl = Trichogyne verticillata
(3) Jeffrey & Beentje. 2000. FTEA Compositae (Part 1): 73–75. woodii (N.E.Br.) B.L.Burtt = Trichogyne decumbens
brasiliensis (Less.) Griseb.
Porcellites brasiliensis Less. (1) INEZIA E.Phillips 9337010
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 400–1750 m. G, FS, Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
KZN, WC, EC (1) Phillips. 1932. Kew Bulletin 1932: 297, 298.
brasiliensis (Less.) Griseb. var. albiflora Kuntze = H. (2) Brusse. 1989. Bothalia 19: 27–29.
microcephala var. albiflora integrifolia (Klatt) E.Phillips
capensis Less. = H. glabra Lidbeckia integrifolia Klatt (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 650–2000 m. M, S
glabra L.
Hyoseris tenella Thunb. (1) speciosa Brusse
H. capensis Less. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 1500–1700 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 50–1800 m. KZN, L, LIM
WC, EC
microcephala (Sch.Bip.) Cabrera var. albiflora (Kuntze) INULA L. 9061000
Cabrera Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
H. brasiliensis (Less.) Griseb. var. albiflora Kuntze (1) (1) Desfontaines. 1799. Flora atlantica 2: 275.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 600–1700 m. G, (2) Oliver & Hiern. 1877. FTA 3: 357–359.
FS, KZN, EC (3) Burtt Davy. 1935. Kew Bulletin 1935: 570.
(4) Wild. 1980. Kirkia 12: 38–45.
radicata L.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 50–2200 m. LIM, aromatica L. = Printzia aromatica
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC capensis Spreng. = Pulicaria scabra
cernua P.J.Bergius = Printzia polifolia
IFLOGA Cass. 8967000
foetida L. = Nidorella foetida
(1) Hilliard. 1981. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 82:
glomerata Oliv. & Hiern
293–303. Perennial. Herb, occ. climber. Ht 0.76–2 m. Alt 780–
1600 m. LIM, M
ambigua (L.) Druce = Trichogyne ambigua
graveolens (L.) Desf. = Dittrichia graveolens
ambigua Thell. = I. thellungiana
indica L. = Pentanema indicum
anomala Hilliard
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.15 m. Alt 10–800 m. WC lanceolata (Harv.) O.Hoffm. ex Burtt Davy & Pott-
Leendertz = Pegolettia lanceolata
aristulata Thell. = I. glomerata
paniculata (Klatt) Burtt Davy
candida Hilliard = Trichogyne candida Monactinocephalus paniculatus Klatt (3, 4)
decumbens (Thunb.) Schltr. = Trichogyne decumbens Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 1097–1500 m. LIM,
M
disticha (L.f.) Druce = Trichogyne ambigua
petrosa Klatt ex Range = Pentatrichia petrosa
glomerata (Harv.) Schltr.
I. aristulata Thell. (1) pinifolia L. = Senecio pinifolius
Trichogyne glomerata Harv. (1) rehmii Merxm. = Pentatrichia rehmii
NW, FS, L, NC, WC, EC INULANTHERA Källersjö 9326010
laricifolia (Lam.) Schltr. = Trichogyne ambigua Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
molluginoides (DC.) Hilliard (1) Killick. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1699.
Comptonanthus molluginoides (DC.) B.Nord. (1) (2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 333–342.
Helichrysum scleranthoides S.Moore (1) (3) Källersjö. 1985. Nordic Journal of Botany 5: 539, 540.
Lasiopogon micropoides DC. var. β Harv. (1) calva (Hutch.) Källersjö
Lasiopogon molluginoides DC. (1) Athanasia calva Hutch. (3)
Annual. Herb. Length 0.02–0.25 m. Alt 40–1500 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.35–1.5 m. Alt 600–2000 m.
N, NC, WC LIM, M, S, FS, KZN
paronychioides (DC.) Fenzl = Trichogyne paronychi- coronopifolia (Harv.) Källersjö
oides Athanasia coronopifolia Harv. (3)
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Hypericophyllum

Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.75 m. Alt 1675–1800 m. dregeanum (Sch.Bip.) Kuntze = Euryops dregeanus
KZN empetrifolium (DC.) Kuntze = Euryops empetrifolius
dregeana (DC.) Källersjö lateriflorum (L.f.) Kuntze = Euryops lateriflorus
Athanasia dregeana (DC.) Harv. (3)
Athanasia punctata (DC.) Harv. (3) lineare (Harv.) Kuntze = Euryops linearis
Hymenolepis dregeana DC. (3)
Hymenolepis punctata DC. (1, 2, 3)
linifolium (L.) Kuntze = Euryops linifolius
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 90–2315 m. FS, longipes (DC.) Kuntze = Euryops longipes var. longi-
KZN, EC pes
leucoclada (DC.) Källersjö oligoglossum (DC.) Kuntze = Euryops oligoglossus
Athanasia leucoclada (DC.) Harv. (3) subsp. oligoglossus
Hymenolepis leucoclada DC. (3)
pectinatum (L.) Kuntze = Euryops pectinatus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt 5–1830 m. KZN,
EC punctatum (DC.) Kuntze = Euryops subcarnosus
subsp. subcarnosus
montana (J.M.Wood) Källersjö
Athanasia montana J.M.Wood (3) serra (DC.) Kuntze = Euryops serra
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 1500–2285 m. spathaceum (DC.) Kuntze = Euryops spathaceus
KZN subcarnosum (DC.) Kuntze = Euryops subcarnosus
thodei (Bolus) Källersjö subsp. subcarnosus
Athanasia thodei Bolus (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt 2350–3170 m. subsessile (Sch.Bip.) Kuntze = Euryops lateriflorus
KZN, L, EC sulcatum (Thunb.) Kuntze = Euryops sulcatus
tridens (Oliv.) Källersjö tenuissimum (L.) Kuntze = Euryops tenuissimus
Athanasia tridens Oliv. (3) trifidum (L.f.) Kuntze = Euryops trifidus
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 1525–2435 m.
KZN, EC trifurcatum (L.f.) Kuntze = Euryops tenuissimus
subsp. trifurcatus
IOCASTE E.Mey. 9336020 trilobum (Harv.) Kuntze = Euryops trilobus
acicularis E.Mey. ex Harv. = Phymaspermum acicu- virgineum (L.f.) Kuntze = Euryops virgineus
lare
JACQUEMONTIA Bél. 9421020
IPHIONA Cass. 9065000 ericifolia Bél. = Euryops ericifolius
acuminata (DC.) Benth. ex B.D.Jacks. = Pegolettia JAUMEA Pers. 9262010
retrofracta
baccaridifolia (Less.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Dinter = elata O.Hoffm. = Hypericophyllum elatum
Pegolettia baccaridifolia
KAULFUSSIA Nees 8881010
dentata (Bolus) Bolus = Anisothrix kuntzei
amelloides Nees = Felicia heterophylla
fragrans Merxm. = Antiphiona fragrans
ciliata Spreng. = Felicia tenella subsp. longifolia
integra Compton = Anisothrix integra
strigosa Spreng.f. = Felicia ovata
pinnatisecta S.Moore = Antiphiona pinnatisecta
retrofracta (Thunb.) Druce = Pegolettia retrofracta KENTROPHYLLUM Neck. 9477010
lanatum (L.) DC. = Carthamus lanatus
JACOBAEA Adans. 9411070
angustifolia Thunb. = Senecio angustifolius KLEINIA Mill. 9411050
mucronata Thunb. = Senecio mucronatus Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
(1) Candolle. 1838. Prodromus 6: 336, 337.
nivea Thunb. = Senecio niveus (2) Hooker. 1866. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 92: t. 5590.
persicifolia Thunb. = Senecio persicifolius (3) Hooker. 1892. Journal of Horticultural and Practical Gardening
ser. 3: 3.
vestita Thunb. = Senecio vestitus (4) Phillips. 1921. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 1: t. 28.
JACOBAEASTRUM Kuntze 9417010 (6) Stapf. 1925. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 150: t. 9030.
abrotanifolium (L.) Kuntze = Euryops abrotanifolius (8) Henderson. 1963. The Flowering Plants of Africa 36: t. 1414.
algoense (DC.) Kuntze = Euryops algoensis (9) Jeffrey. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 923–929, 935, 936.
(10) Halliday. 1988. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 39: 1–135.
asparagoides (Licht. ex Less.) Kuntze = Euryops (11) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 39.
asparagoides (12) Herman & Condy. 2001. Flowering Plants of Africa 57: 92–95, t.
2177.
athanasiae (L.f.) Kuntze = Euryops speciosissimus (13) Smith et al. 2001. Flowering Plants of Africa 57: 96–102, t. 2178.
calvescens (DC.) Kuntze = Euryops calvescens acaulis (L.f.) DC. = Senecio acaulis
candollei (Harv.) Kuntze = Euryops candollei aizoides DC. = Senecio aizoides
diversifolium (Harv.) Kuntze = Euryops abrotanifolius archeri Compton = Senecio toxotis
ASTERACEAE Inulanthera DICOTYLEDONS

articulata (L.) Haw. = Senecio articulatus umbellatum (L.f.) Pillans

Gnaphalium umbellatum L.f. (2)
breviscapa DC. = Senecio cicatricosus Metalasia umbellata (L.f.) D.Don (2)
cephalophora Compton Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 300–800 m. WC
Senecio cephalophorus (Compton) H.Jacobsen (9)
Perennial. Suffrutex, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt ± LACTUCA L. 9596000
610 m. N, NC Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
crassulaefolia DC. = Senecio crassulaefolius (1) Forsskål. 1775. Flora aegyptiaco-arabica 5: 144.
ficoides (L.) Haw. = Senecio ficoides (3) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 140: 1, 2.
fulgens Hook.f. (4) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 629–633.
Notonia fulgens (Hook.f.) Guillaumin (10) (5) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 196–209.
Notonia welwitschii (O.Hoffm.) Hiern (10) capensis Thunb. = L. inermis
Notoniopsis fulgens (Hook.f.) B.Nord. (10)
Senecio fulgens (Hook.f.) G.Nicholson (9, 10) dregeana DC.
Senecio hookerianus H.Jacobsen (10) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 1400–1700 m. FS,
Senecio welwitschii O.Hoffm. (10) NC
Perennial. Suffrutex, succulent. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 45– *indica L.
1220 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 0–1200 m.
galpinii Hook.f. KZN
Notoniopsis galpinii (Hook.f.) B.Nord. (10, 12)
Senecio galpinii (Hook.f.) H.Jacobsen (12) inermis Forssk.
Senecio galpinii (Hook.f.) Hook.f. (10, 12) L. capensis Thunb. (5)
L. pallidocoerulea Dinter (5)
Perennial. Suffrutex, succulent. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 600–
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 100–2200 m. N,
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
haworthii (Sweet) DC. = Senecio haworthii intybacea Jacq. = Launaea intybacea
longiflora DC. nana Baker = Launaea nana
Senecio longiflorus (DC.) Sch.Bip. (9, 13)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.22–2 m. Alt 250– pallidocoerulea Dinter = L. inermis
1880 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, NC, WC, scariola L. = L. serriola
EC *serriola L.
L. scariola L. (4)
ovoidea Compton = Senecio ovoideus L. virosa of author, not of L., concept invalid (4)
pinguifolia DC. = Senecio pinguifolius Biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 15–1800
pusilla (Dinter) Merxm. = Senecio sulcicalyx m. B, LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
radicans (L.f.) Haw. = Senecio radicans tysonii (E.Phillips) C.Jeffrey
Sonchus scapiforme Thell. (4)
repens L. = Senecio serpens Sonchus tysonii E.Phillips (4)
stapeliiformis (E.Phillips) Stapf Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 300–2500 m.
Senecio stapeliiformis E.Phillips (9, 10) KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt virosa of author, not of L., concept invalid = L. serriola
460–1465 m. LIM, G, M
LAEVICARPA (Koekemoer) 9039020
KLENZEA Sch.Bip. 9056010 Koekemoer
lycopodioides Sch.Bip. = Dolichothrix ericoides Compiled by M. Koekemoer
(1) Koekemoer. 1993. Bothalia 23: 197–206.
LACHNOSPERMUM Willd. 9045000 (2) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the
Relhaniinae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans Uni-
Compiled by M. Koekemoer versity.
(1) Baillon. 1888. The Natural History of Plants 8: 1–316. Note: Disparago section Laevicarpa Koekemoer (1)
(2) Hilliard & Burtt. 1981. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
82: 181–232.
kolbei (Bolus) Koekemoer
Amphiglossa kolbei Bolus (2)
(3) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the
Disparago kolbei (Bolus) Hutch. (2)
Relhaniinae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans Univer-
Disparago rosea Hutch. (1)
sity.
ericifolium Willd. = L. fasciculatum WC, EC
fasciculatum (Thunb.) Baillon
L. ericifolium Willd. (3) LAGGERA Benth. 8940000
L. neglectum Schltr. (3)
Staehelina fasciculata Thunb. (1) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 0–900 m. WC (1) Wild. 1968–69. Kirkia 7: 129, 130.
imbricatum (P.J.Bergius) Hilliard (3) Anderberg. 1991. Plant Systematics and Evolution 176: 161.
Metalasia imbricata (P.J.Bergius) Harv. (2) (4) Beentje. 2002. FTEA Compositae (Part 2): 352–356.
Metalasia uniflora D.Don (2)
Metalasia virgata Compton (2) alata of authors, not (D.Don) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv. = L.
Staehelina imbricata P.J.Bergius (2) crispata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt 0–100 m. WC aurita (L.f.) Sch.Bip. ex C.B.Clarke = Pseudoconyza
neglectum Schltr. = L. fasciculatum viscosa
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Kleinia

crispata (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood LASIOCOMA Bolus 9417020

Blumea alata of authors, not of (D.Don) DC. (1, 2, 4)
Blumea crispata (Vahl) Merxm. (3, 4) petrophiloides (DC.) Bolus = Euryops multifidus
Blumea pterodonta DC. (1, 2, 3, 4)
Erigeron alatum D.Don (1, 2, 3) petrophiloides of author, not of (DC.) Bolus, also not
L. alata of authors, not of (D.Don) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv. (1, 3, 4) Compton = Euryops cuneatus
L. pterodonta (DC.) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv. (2, 3, 4)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 230–1675 m. N, B, LASIOPOGON Cass. 8987000
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
decurrens (Vahl) Hepper & J.R.I.Wood (1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 5–12.
Blumea decurrens (Vahl) Merxm. (3) (2) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 39.
Blumea gariepina DC. (3)
L. gariepina (DC.) Randeria, illegitimate name (1) brachypterus O.Hoffm. ex Zahlbr.
Comptonanthus brachypterus (O.Hoffm. ex Zahlbr.) B.Nord. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–2 m. Alt 3–1830 m. N, B,
LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, NC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. Alt 305–2500 m. NC,
WC
dinteri Thell. ex Merxm. = Nicolasia nitens var. nitens
debilis (Thunb.) Hilliard
gariepina (DC.) Randeria, illegitimate name = L. de- Comptonanthus subcarnosus B.Nord. (1)
currens Gnaphalium debile Thunb. (1)
humilis O.Hoffm. = Nicolasia felicioides Annual. Herb, succulent. Length ± 0.15 m. Alt 500–
2000 m. WC
lyrata (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Leins = Pseudoconyza
viscosa glomerulatus (Harv.) Hilliard
Gnaphalium araneosum S.Moore (1)
makarikariensis Bremek. & Oberm. = Nicolasia ste- Gnaphalium glomerulatum Harv. (1)
noptera subsp. makarikariensis Annual. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.01–0.08 m. Alt 61–
pterodonta (DC.) Sch.Bip. ex Oliv. = L. crispata 1005 m. N, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
stenoptera O.Hoffm. = Nicolasia stenoptera subsp. ste- micropoides DC.
noptera Annual. Herb, prostrate or decumbent. Length up to
0.15 m. Alt 230–1065 m. N, NC
LAMPROCEPHALUS B.Nord. 9411080 micropoides DC. var. β Harv. = Ifloga molluginoides
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman minutus (B.Nord.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
(1) Nordenstam. 1975. Botaniska Notiser 128: 323–326. Gnaphalium minutum B.Nord. (1)
montanus B.Nord. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.015–0.04 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt molluginoides DC. = Ifloga molluginoides
1200–2100 m. WC muscoides (Desf.) DC.
Gnaphalium muscoides Desf. (1)
LANCISIA Lam. 9337020 Annual. Herb, prostrate or decumbent. Length 0.01–
bipinnata (Thunb.) Pers. = Lasiospermum bipinnatum 0.15 m. Alt 610–1585 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC
lobata (Thunb.) Pers. = Lidbeckia quinqueloba ponticulus Hilliard
Annual. Herb, prostrate or decumbent. Length 0.01–
pectinata (P.J.Bergius) Pers. = Lidbeckia pectinata 0.08 m. Alt 100–1500 m. N, NC
LANDTIA Less. 9432040 volkii (B.Nord.) Hilliard
Gnaphalium volkii B.Nord. (1)
hirsuta Less. = Haplocarpha nervosa Annual. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.03–0.1 m. Alt 100–
nervosa (Thunb.) Less. = Haplocarpha nervosa 1500 m. N
LANGEBERGIA Anderb. 8995010 LASIOPUS Cass. 9528030

Compiled by P.P.J. Herman ambiguus Cass. = Gerbera ambigua
(1) Anderberg. 1991. Opera Botanica 104: 93, 94.
canescens (DC.) Anderb. LASIOSPERMUM Lag. 9321000
Anaxeton canescens (DC.) Benth. & Hook. ex B.D.Jacks. (1)
Petalacte canescens DC. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1000–1550 m. (1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 153, 154.
(2) Druce. 1917. Report of the Botanical Exchange Club of the British
WC Isles 1916: 631.
(3) Hutchinson. 1946. A botanist in southern Africa: 140.
LANIPILA Burch. 9321030 (4) Bremer & Humphries. 1993. Bulletin of the Natural History
Museum, Botany 23: 94.
Lanipila (sic) Burch. = Lasiospermum poterioides (5) Müller et al. 2001. FSA 33,4,1: 64–73.
*LAPSANA L. 9555000 bipinnatum (Thunb.) Druce

Lancisia bipinnata (Thunb.) Pers. (5)
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Lidbeckia bipinnata Thunb. (5)
(1) Sell. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 344. Mataxa capensis Spreng. (5)
Matricaria bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng. (5)
capillaris L. = Crepis capillaris Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 120–2400 m. NW,
communis L. (insufficiently known) G, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
ASTERACEAE Laggera DICOTYLEDONS

brachyglossum DC. ramosissimum O.Hoffm. = Helichrysum lucilioides

Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 120–2000 m. N, NC, spathulatus Less. = Helichrysum litorale
WC
squarrosus DC. = Helichrysum spiralepis
erectum (Lam.) Druce = L. pedunculare
tomentosus Cass. = Helichrysum spiralepis
eriospermum (Pers.) G.Don = L. pedunculare
pedunculare Lag. LEPIDOSTEPHIUM Oliv. 9340000
Eriocarpha peduncularis Lag. ex DC. (5) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Eriosphaera multifida F.Dietr. (5)
L. erectum (Lam.) Druce (5) (1) Kroner. 1980. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
L. eriospermum (Pers.) G.Don (5) München 16: 102–107, 197–205.
Santolina alpina Bertol. (5) asteroides (Bolus & Schltr.) Kroner
Santolina erecta Lam. (1, 5) Athrixia asteroides Bolus & Schltr. (1)
Santolina eriosperma Pers. (1, 5) Printzia asteroides Schltr. ex Bews (1)
?Santolina pinnata Donn (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–0.6 m. Alt 1100–1950 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 300–1500 m. NC, KZN, EC
WC
denticulatum Oliv.
poterioides Hutch. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.55 m. Alt 900–1800 m. EC
Lanipila (sic) Burch. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1500–2500 m. NC LEPISIPHON Turcz. 9427030
LAUNAEA Cass. 9593000 dentatus Turcz. = Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp.
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman monilifera
(2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 140: 2, 3. LEPTOTHAMNUS DC. 8929010
(4) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 214–221. ciliaris DC. = Nolletia ciliaris
(5) Kilian. 1997. Englera 17: 1–478. rarifolius Turcz. = Nolletia rarifolia
(6) Jeffrey & Beentje. 2000. FTEA Compositae (Part 1): 98–108.
bellidifolia Cass. = L. sarmentosa LEUCANTHEMUM Kuntze 9098010
goreensis (Lam.) O.Hoffm. = L. intybacea asteriscoides (L.) Kuntze = Osmitopsis asteriscoides
intybacea (Jacq.) P.Beauv.
Lactuca intybacea Jacq. (1, 5) *LEUCANTHEMUM Mill. 9341080
L. goreensis (Lam.) O.Hoffm. (1, 4, 5, 6) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Sonchus goreensis Lam. (2, 4, 5, 6)
(1) Heywood. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 174–177.
Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 300–1500 (2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 349, 350.
m. N, B, LIM (3) Soreng & Cope. 1991. Baileya 23: 145–165.
nana (Baker) Chiov. (4) Bremer & Humphries. 1993. Bulletin of the Natural History
Lactuca nana Baker (1, 5) Museum, Botany 23: 141.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 500–800 m. vulgare Lam.
LIM, M, KZN Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1050–2500 m. M,
rarifolia (Oliv. & Hiern) Boulos
Sonchus lanifer Dinter (2, 5, 6) KZN, EC
Sonchus rarifolius Oliv. & Hiern (1, 5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 700–1900 m. N, B, LEUCOPTERA B.Nord. 9341020
NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
sarmentosa (Willd.) Sch.Bip. ex Kuntze (1) Nordenstam. 1976. Botaniska Notiser 129: 140–147.
L. bellidifolia Cass. (1, 5) nodosa (Thunb.) B.Nord.
Microrhynchus dregeanus DC. (1, 5) Arctotis nodosa Thunb. (1)
Prenanthes sarmentosa Willd. (1, 5) Chrysanthemum leptophyllum DC. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Length up to 1 m. Alt 0–10 m. KZN, Chrysanthemum nodosum (Thunb.) DC. (1)
EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 0–1500 m.
NC, WC
LEONTODON L. 9574000 oppositifolia B.Nord.
bessarabicus Hornem. = Taraxacum bessarabicum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 0–500 m.
serotinus Waldst. & Kit. = Taraxacum serotinum WC
subcarnosa B.Nord.
LEONTONYX Cass. 9008000 Chrysanthemum leptophyllum DC. var. indivisum DC. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Length up to 0.5 m. Alt 0–500
angustifolius DC. = Helichrysum litorale m. WC
bicolor DC. = Helichrysum tinctum
coloratus Cass. = Helichrysum tinctum LEYSERA L. 9052000
glomeratus (L.) DC. = Helichrysum tinctum Compiled by M. Koekemoer
(1) Bremer. 1978. Botaniska Notiser 131: 369–383.
pumilio O.Hoffm. = Helichrysum pumilio subsp.
pumilio gnaphalodes (L.) L.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Lasiospermum

Asteropterus dinteri Rothm. (1) Ethulia gariepina DC. (3)

Asteropterus gnaphalodes (L.) Rothm. (1) L. glabra Harv. (3)
Asteropterus gracilis Rothm. (1) Perennial. Herb or dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 5–
Asteropterus incanus (Thunb.) Rothm. (1) 1500 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC
Callisia gnaphalodes L. (1)
L. incana Thunb. (1) glabra Harv. = L. gariepina
L. tenuifolia Salisb. (1)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.02–0.5 m. Alt 30– LOPHOLAENA DC. 9401000
1900 m. N, NC, WC, EC Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
incana Thunb. = L. gnaphalodes (1) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: t. 346.
longipes K.Bremer = Comborhiza longipes (2) Phillips & Smith. 1934. Transactions of the Royal Society of
South Africa 21: 221–238.
montana Bolus = Oreoleysera montana (3) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 110.
ovata Thunb. = Felicia ovata (5) Brusse. 1991. Nordic Journal of Botany 11: 79–83.
picta Thunb. = Dicoma picta bainesii (Oliv. & Hiern) S.Moore = L. coriifolia
polifolia (L.) Thunb. = Printzia polifolia cneorifolia (DC.) S.Moore
tenella DC. Doria cneorifolia DC. (2, 3)
Asteropterus tenellus (DC.) Rothm. (1) Hertia cneorifolia (DC.) Kuntze (2, 3)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.45 m. Alt 300– Othonna avasimontana Dinter (3)
Othonna cneorifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. (2, 3)
1500 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC Senecio avasimontanus Dinter (3)
tenuifolia Salisb. = L. gnaphalodes Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 640–
tridactyla E.Mey. ex DC. = Amellus tridactylus subsp. 2400 m. N, NC
tridactylus coriifolia (Sond.) E.Phillips & C.A.Sm.
L. bainesii (Oliv. & Hiern) S.Moore (2)
LIDBECKIA P.J.Bergius 9337000 L. randii S.Moore (2)
Othonna coriifolia Sond. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 765–1830
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 154, 155. m. LIM, NW, G, M, S
(2) Bremer & Humphries. 1993. Bulletin of the Natural History
Museum, Botany 23: 146. disticha (N.E.Br.) S.Moore
(3) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 339. Othonna disticha N.E.Br. (2, 4)
bipinnata Thunb. = Lasiospermum bipinnatum Perennial. Herb or shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt
335–2285 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
capensis J.F.Gmel. = L. pectinata
dregeana DC.
integrifolia Klatt = Inezia integrifolia Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 500–1220
lobata Thunb. = L. quinqueloba m. KZN, EC
pectinata P.J.Bergius festiva Brusse
Lancisia pectinata (P.J.Bergius) Pers. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.35–1.55 m. Alt 1100–1600 m.
L. capensis J.F.Gmel. (1)
LIM
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 400–1890 m.
WC longipes (Harv.) Thell.
Doria longipes Harv. (2)
quinqueloba (L.f.) Cass. Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? NC?
Cotula quinqueloba L.f. (1, 2)
Lancisia lobata (Thunb.) Pers. (1, 2) platyphylla Benth.
L. lobata Thunb. (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 395–1400 m. S,
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt up to 1360 m. KZN
WC randii S.Moore = L. coriifolia
LINZIA Walp. 8751030 segmentata (Oliv.) S.Moore
Senecio segmentatus Oliv. (2, 4)
glabra Steetz var. glabra = Vernonia glabra var. glabra Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 450–2100
glabra Steetz var. laxa Steetz = Vernonia glabra var. laxa m. M, S, KZN
LIPOTRICHE R.Br. 9204010 LYSICHLAMYS Compton 9417030
brownii of author, not of DC., concept invalid = erecta Compton = Euryops erectus
Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei muirii (C.A.Sm.) Compton = Euryops muirii
LITOGYNE Harv. 8953010 MACLEDIUM Cass. 9501010
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Compiled by N. Netnou & P.P.J. Herman
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 119, 120. (1) Phillips. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 88.
(2) Wild. 1980. Kirkia 12: 35, 36. (2) Smith. 1927. Bothalia 2: 365.
(3) Anderberg. 1991. Plant Systematics and Evolution 176: 168. (3) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 582−586.
gariepina (DC.) Anderb. (4) Pope. 1991. Kew Bulletin 46: 699−709.
Epaltes alata (Sond.) Steetz (3) (5) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 29−44.
Epaltes gariepina (DC.) Steetz (3) (6) Ortíz & Rodriguez-Oubiña. 1997. Bothalia 27: 48, 49.
Ethulia alata Sond. (2) (7) Ortíz. 2001. Taxon 50,3: 733−744.
ASTERACEAE Leysera DICOTYLEDONS

burmanni Cass., illegitimate name = M. spinosum glandulosa N.E.Br.

kirkii (Harv.) S.Ortíz subsp. kirkii Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.22 m. Alt 1830–
Dicoma kirkii Harv. subsp. kirkii (7) 2080 m. KZN
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.18−1 m. Alt? B? hamata Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
latifolium (DC.) S.Ortíz Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1800–2134 m.
Dicoma latifolia DC. (7) KZN
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 215–1046 pinifolia (N.E.Br.) Kroner
m. WC Athrixia pinifolia N.E.Br. (4)
pretoriense (C.A.Sm.) S.Ortíz Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1300–3000 m.
Dicoma pretoriensis C.A.Sm. (7) KZN, L
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt ± 1363 m. G pulvinaris N.E.Br.
relhanioides (Less.) S.Ortíz Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.45–0.9 m. Alt 1220–
Dicoma relhanioides Less. (7) 2950 m. KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt ± 600 m.
revoluta Oliv.
WC
sessiliflorum (Harv.) S.Ortíz subsp. sessiliflorum var.
sororis Compton
membranaceum (S.Moore) S.Ortíz
Dicoma membranacea S.Moore (7) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1.21 m. Alt 2133–
Dicoma sessiliflora Harv. subsp. sessiliflora var. membranacea 3000 m. KZN, L
(S.Moore) S.Ortíz & Rodr.Oubiña (7)
styphelioides (DC.) Kroner = Arrowsmithia styphe-
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt? N lioides
speciosum (DC.) S.Ortíz tenuifolia M.D.Hend.
Dicoma speciosa DC. (7)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt up to 1980 m. LIM,
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 460–1100 m. KZN
G, M, KZN
spinosum (L.) S.Ortíz
Dicoma burmanii (Cass.) Less., illegitimate name (7) MAIRIA Nees 8883000
Dicoma diacanthoides Less. (7)
Dicoma spinosa (L.) Druce (7) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Helichrysum spinosum (L.) Willd. (7) (1) Lessing. 1832. Synopsis generum Compositarum: 166.
M. burmanni Cass., illegitimate name (7) (2) Nees von Esenbeck. 1832. Genera et species Asterearum: 247.
Xeranthemum spinosum L. (7) (3) Candolle. 1836. Prodromus 5: 217.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 15−1372 (4) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 64–66.
m. WC, EC (5) Bolus. 1897. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 6: t. 2541.
(6) Nesom. 1994. Phytologia 76: 90, 91.
zeyheri (Sond.) S.Ortíz subsp. argyrophyllum (Oliv.) (7) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 339.
S.Ortíz
Dicoma argyrophylla Oliv. (7) burchellii DC. = Zyrphelis burchellii
Dicoma zeyheri Sond. subsp. argyrophylla (Oliv.) G.V.Pope (7) coriacea Bolus
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 40–1220 m. KZN, Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 780 m. WC
EC corymbosa Harv. = Gymnostephium papposum
zeyheri (Sond.) S.Ortíz subsp. zeyheri crenata (Thunb.) Nees
Dicoma kirkii Harv. var. microcephala S.Moore (7) Arnica crenata Thunb. (4, 6)
Dicoma thyrsiflora (Klatt) Thell. & Schinz (7) Aster crenatus (Thunb.) Less. (4, 6)
Dicoma zeyheri Sond. subsp. zeyheri (7) Gerbera crenata (Thunb.) Ker Gawl. (6)
Dicoma zeyheri Sond. var. thyrsiflora Klatt (7) Zyrphelis crenata (Thunb.) Kuntze (6)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 505–2000 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 365–1525 m. WC
LIM, NW, G, M, KZN
decumbens Schltr. = Zyrphelis decumbens
MACOWANIA Oliv. 9053000 ecklonis (DC.) Sond. = Zyrphelis ecklonis
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman felicioides Hutch. & Corbishley = Felicia ovata
(1) Hilliard & Burtt. 1976. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden foliosa Harv. = Zyrphelis foliosa
(2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 262–269. hirsuta DC.
(3) Hilliard & Burtt. 1985. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Zyrphelis hirsuta (DC.) Kuntze (6)
Edinburgh 42: 230–232. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 610–765 m. WC
(4) Anderberg. 1991. Opera Botanica 104: 51.
lasiocarpa DC. = Zyrphelis lasiocarpa
conferta (Benth.) E.Phillips microcephala (Less.) DC. = Zyrphelis microcephala
Homochaete conferta Benth. (1, 2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1500– montana Schltr. = Zyrphelis montana
1830 m. KZN, EC perezioides (Less.) Nees = Zyrphelis perezioides
corymbosa M.D.Hend. taxifolia (L.) DC. = Zyrphelis taxifolia
KZN *MANTISALCA Cass. 9476010
deflexa Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.75 m. Alt 2100–2200 m. (1) Dostál. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 254.
KZN salmantica (L.) Briq. & Cavill.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Macledium

Centaurea salmantica L. (1) schlechteri Bolus ex Schltr. = Oncosiphon schlechteri

Microlonchus salmanticus (L.) DC. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 5–1000 m. WC, EC tenella DC. = Foveolina tenella
zuurbergensis Oliv. = Hilliardia zuurbergensis
MARASMODES DC. 9370000
*MELANTHERA Rohr 9204000
(1) Hutchinson. 1916. Kew Bulletin 1916: 171, 172. Compiled by N. Netnou
(2) Compton. 1946. Journal of South African Botany 12: 87–89. (1) Wild. 1966. Kirkia 5,1: 1–17.
(3) Källersjö. 1988. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 96: (2) Wild. 1967. Kirkia 6,1: 48–54.
306.
(4) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 339. albinervia O.Hoffm. subsp. albinervia
Aspilia eylesii S.Moore (1)
adenosolen Harv. = Cymbopappus adenosolen M. gossweileri S.Moore (1)
duemmeri Bolus ex Hutch. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? N, B
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt ± 100 m. WC biflora (L.) Wild
Verbesina biflora L. (1)
oligocephala DC. Wedelia biflora (L.) Wight (1)
M. polycephala DC. var. oligocephala (DC.) Harv. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 75–1525 m. WC Perennial. Climber or decumbent herb. Ht up to 1 m.
Alt 1–5 m. KZN
polycephala DC.
Oligodorella teretifolia Turcz. (1) gossweileri S.Moore = M. albinervia subsp. albinervia
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 18–1100 m. WC madagascariensis Baker = M. scandens subsp. mada-
polycephala DC. var. oligocephala (DC.) Harv. = M. gascariensis
oligocephala marlothiana O.Hoffm. = M. triternata
undulata Compton rivicola Muschl. ex Dinter = M. triternata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 90–1340 m. WC scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty subsp. dregei
(DC.) Wild
MATAXA Spreng. 9321010 Lipotriche brownii of author, not of DC., concept invalid (1)
Psathurochaeta dregei DC. (1)
capensis Spreng. = Lasiospermum bipinnatum Trigonotheca natalensis Sch.Bip. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 5–915 m. M, S, KZN,
MATRICARIA L. 9339000 EC
acutiloba (DC.) Harv. = Myxopappus acutilobus scandens (Schumach. & Thonn.) Roberty subsp. mada-
africana P.J.Bergius = Oncosiphon africanum gascariensis (Baker) Wild
M. madagascariensis Baker (1)
albida (DC.) Fenzl ex Harv. = Foveolina dichotoma Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.3 m. Alt up to
albidiformis Thell. = Foveolina albidiformis 940 m. N, B
andreae E.Phillips = Cotula andreae schinziana S.Moore = M. triternata
bipinnata (Thunb.) Spreng. = Lasiospermum bipinna- seineri Muschl. ex Dinter = M. triternata
tum triternata (Klatt) Wild
M. marlothiana O.Hoffm. (1)
capensis L. = Oncosiphon africanum M. rivicola Muschl. ex Dinter (2)
dichotoma (DC.) Fenzl ex Harv. = Foveolina dicho- M. schinziana S.Moore (2)
M. seineri Muschl. ex Dinter (2)
toma M. varians Hiern (1)
glabrata (Thunb.) DC. = Oncosiphon glabratum Wedelia triternata Klatt (1)
globifera (Thunb.) Fenzl ex Harv. = Oncosiphon pilu- Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 660–1525 m. N, B,
liferum LIM, M
grandiflora (Thunb.) Fenzl ex Harv. = Oncosiphon varians Hiern = M. triternata
grandiflorum
METALASIA R.Br. 9043000
hirsutifolia S.Moore = Foveolina dichotoma
hirta (Thunb.) DC. = Oncosiphon africanum (1) Bolus. 1906. Transactions of the South African Philosophical
multiflora Fenzl ex Harv. = Oncosiphon suffruticosum Society 16: 381–400.
(2) Pillans. 1954. Journal of South African Botany 20: 47–90.
nigellifolia DC. var. nigellifolia = Cotula nigellifolia (3) Dyer. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1719.
var. nigellifolia (4) Karis. 1989. Opera Botanica 99: 1–150.
nigellifolia DC. var. tenuior DC. = Cotula nigellifolia acuta P.O.Karis
var. tenuior Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 100–
otaviensis Dinter = Rennera eenii 1300 m. WC
pilifera Thell. = Cymbopappus piliferus adunca Less.
pilulifera (L.f.) Druce = Oncosiphon piluliferum
1000 m. WC
pinnatifida Klatt = Anisopappus pinnatifidus
agathosmoides Pillans
sabulosa Wolley-Dod = Oncosiphon sabulosum Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 1100–1700 m.
schinziana Thell. = Foveolina schinziana WC
ASTERACEAE *Mantisalca DICOTYLEDONS

albescens P.O.Karis Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 100–600 m. WC

Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 700–800 m. WC dregeana DC.
alfredii Pillans Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 200–1000 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1500–1700 m. WC erectifolia Pillans
aristata DC. = M. densa Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 0–
aurea D.Don 100 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 0–1000 m. WC, ericoides Sieber ex DC. = M. muricata
EC
erubescens DC.
barnardii L.Bolus = M. muraltiifolia M. nitidula Harv. (4)
bodkinii L.Bolus Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 0–1000
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 700– m. WC
800 m. WC erubescens DC. var. gemmulifera Harv. = M. brevifolia
bolusii L.Bolus = M. capitata fasciculata (P.J.Bergius) D.Don = M. brevifolia
brevifolia (Lam.) Levyns fastigiata (Thunb.) D.Don
Gnaphalium brevifolium Lam. (2) Gnaphalium fastigiatum Thunb. (4)
M. erubescens DC. var. gemmulifera Harv. (2) M. concinna Harv. (4)
M. fasciculata (P.J.Bergius) D.Don (2) M. speciosa Hutch. (4)
M. intermedia DC. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 700–1100 m. WC
1500 m. WC galpinii L.Bolus
caespitosa Levyns = M. pulchella Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 300–800 m. WC
calcicola P.O.Karis gnaphalodes Druce = M. pulcherrima forma pallescens
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 0–100 m. WC humilis P.O.Karis
capitata (Lam.) Less. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 700–
Gnaphalium capitatum Lam. (4) 900 m. WC
M. bolusii L.Bolus (4) imbricata (P.J.Bergius) Harv. = Lachnospermum
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 0–200 m. WC imbricatum
cephalotes DC. = M. seriphiifolia incurva Pillans = M. phillipsii subsp. incurva
cephalotes Levyns = M. cephalotes
intermedia DC. = M. brevifolia
cephalotes (Thunb.) Less.
Gnaphalium cephalotes Thunb. (2) inversa P.O.Karis
M. cephalotes Levyns (2) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 0–
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 300–1200 m. WC 600 m. WC
compacta Zeyh. ex Sch.Bip. juniperoides Pillans
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.35 m. Alt 0–700 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 400–
concinna Harv. = M. fastigiata 600 m. WC
confusa Pillans langebergensis Salter = M. massonii
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 500– lichtensteinii Less.
1300 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 50–600 m. WC
cymbifolia Harv. luteola P.O.Karis
M. decora L.Bolus (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 0–100 m. WC
900 m. WC massonii S.Moore
M. langebergensis Salter (4)
decora L.Bolus = M. cymbifolia Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 300–1700 m. WC
densa (Lam.) P.O.Karis montana P.O.Karis
Gnaphalium densum Lam. (4)
M. aristata DC. (4) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1200–
M. muricata (L.) D.Don in part (4) 1700 m. WC
M. polyanthos (Thunb.) D.Don (4) muraltiifolia DC.
M. stricta Less. (4) M. barnardii L.Bolus (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 0–2550 m. LIM, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 600–1900 m. WC
M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
muricata (L.) D.Don
depressa Harv. = M. divergens subsp. divergens Gnaphalium muricatum L. (2)
distans (Schrank) DC. M. ericoides Sieber ex DC. (4)
Gnaphalium distans Schrank (4) M. umbellata Cass. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt 1200–1400 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 5–300 m. WC, EC
WC muricata (L.) D.Don in part = Metalasia densa
divergens (Thunb.) D.Don subsp. divergens nitidula Harv. = M. erubescens
Gnaphalium divergens Thunb. (4)
M. depressa Harv. (4) octoflora DC.
M. xanthocephala Salter (2)
divergens (Thunb.) D.Don subsp. fusca P.O.Karis 500 m. WC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Metalasia

oligocephala P.O.Karis tenuifolia DC.

Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 300– Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt
400 m. WC 1500–2200 m. WC
pallida Bolus tenuis P.O.Karis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 0–1900 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 100–
phillipsii L.Bolus subsp. incurva (Pillans) P.O.Karis 1000 m. WC
M. incurva Pillans (4) tricolor Pillans
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1200–1400 m. WC
1500–2100 m. WC
trivialis P.O.Karis
phillipsii L.Bolus subsp. phillipsii Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–3 m. Alt 5–1500 m. WC, EC
umbellata Cass. = M. muricata
1500–2200 m. WC
umbellata (L.f.) D.Don = Lachnospermum umbella-
plicata P.O.Karis
tum
umbelliformis P.O.Karis
polyanthos (Thunb.) D.Don = M. densa
pulchella (Cass.) P.O.Karis
M. caespitosa Levyns (4) uniflora D.Don = Lachnospermum imbricatum
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 100– virgata Compton = Lachnospermum imbricatum
200 m. WC xanthocephala Salter = M. octoflora
pulcherrima Eckl. ex Harv. = Stoebe gomphrenoides
pulcherrima Less. forma pallescens (Harv.) P.O.Karis
MICROGLOSSA DC. 8921000
M. gnaphalodes Druce (4) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
M. pulcherrima Less. var. pallescens Harv. (4) (1) Grau. 1976. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 600–1500 m. WC München 12: 399–401.
pulcherrima Less. forma pulcherrima
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 500–1200 m. WC caffrorum (Less.) Grau
Aster caffrorum Less. (1)
pulcherrima Less. var. pallescens Harv. = M. pulcher- Felicia caffrorum (Less.) Nees (1)
rima forma pallescens Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 300–700 m. EC
pungens D.Don mespilifolia (Less.) B.L.Rob.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 0–1800 m. WC, Aster mespilifolius Less. (2)
EC Erigeron natalensis Sch.Bip. (2)
Nidorella mespilifolia (Less.) DC. (2)
quinqueflora DC. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–4.57 m. Alt 15–915 m. KZN,
400 m. WC
rhoderoides Salter MICROLONCHUS Cass. 9476030
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 700– salmanticus (L.) DC. = Mantisalca salmantica
1500 m. WC
riparia Salter MICRORHYNCHUS Sch.Bip. 9593010
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 0–300 m. WC
dregeanus DC. = Launaea sarmentosa
rogersii S.Moore
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt MIKANIA Willd. 8818000
1000–1500 m. WC Compiled by E. Retief
schlechteri L.Bolus = Planea schlechteri (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 54, 55.
seriphiifolia DC. (2) Holmes. 1982. Botanische Jahrbücher 103: 211–246.
M. cephalotes DC. (4) (3) King & Robinson. 1987. Monographs in systematic botany from
the Missouri Botanical Garden 22: 419–426.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 50– (4) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 343.
100 m. WC
angustifolia (O.Hoffm.) R.E.Fr. = M. sagittifera
seriphioides D.Don = Trichogyne ambigua
asparagoides Licht. ex Less. = Euryops asparagoides
serrata P.O.Karis
auriculata (Lam.) Willd. = Senecio deltoideus
500 m. WC capensis DC.
M. oxyota DC. (2)
serrulata P.O.Karis Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt 5–1500 m. LIM, M, S,
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt KZN, EC
1200–1700 m. WC
cordata in sense of Hilliard, not of (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob.,
speciosa Hutch. = M. fastigiata misapplied name = M. natalensis
stricta Less. = M. densa natalensis DC.
strictifolia Bolus M. cordata in sense of Hilliard, not of (Burm.f.) B.L.Rob., misap-
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt plied name (2)
1500–2100 m. WC Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt 10–840 m. KZN
ASTERACEAE Metalasia DICOTYLEDONS

oxyota DC. = M. capensis dentata (L.) DC. var. kraussii Sch.Bip. = Athanasia
sagittifera B.L.Rob. dentata
M. angustifolia (O.Hoffm.) R.E.Fr. (2) diversifolia Cass. = Athanasia dentata
Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt 950–1000 m. N, B fasciculata Less. = Athanasia vestita
MIKANIOPSIS Milne-Redh. 9411100 juncea DC. = Athanasia juncea
lineariloba DC. = Athanasia pectinata
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 499, 500. longifolia (Lam.) Less. = Athanasia linifolia
(2) Jeffrey. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 878, 879. microcephala DC. = Athanasia microcephala
cissampelina (DC.) C.Jeffrey pachyphylla Sch.Bip. = Athanasia dentata
Cacalia cissampelina DC. (2) pauciflora DC. = Athanasia microcephala
Senecio cissampelinus (DC.) Sch.Bip. (2)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 5 m. Alt 1000–2500 spathulata DC. = Athanasia spathulata
m. LIM, M, KZN, EC velutina DC. = Athanasia tomentosa
MINUROTHAMNUS DC. 9064000 MUNICHIA Cass. 8919060

phagnaloides DC. = Heterolepis aliena brachyglossa (Cass.) Cass. = Felicia cymbalariae
subsp. cymbalariae
MIRASOLIA Sch.Bip. 9196010 cymbalariae (Aiton) Nees = Felicia cymbalariae
subsp. cymbalariae
diversifolia Hemsl. = Tithonia diversifolia
cymbalariae (Aiton) Nees var. microcephala DC. =
MONACTINOCEPHALUS Klatt 9061040 Felicia cymbalariae subsp. cymbalariae
cymbalarioides DC. = Felicia cymbalarioides
paniculatus Klatt = Inula paniculata
hirsuta (Vent.) DC. = Felicia cymbalariae subsp. cym-
MONOCHLAENA Cass. 9320010 balariae
racemosus Cass. = Eriocephalus africanus var. panic- MYROVERNIX Koekemoer 9041030
ulatus Compiled by M. Koekemoer
*MONTANOA La Llave & Lex. 9170000 (1) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the
Relhaniinae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans
Compiled by N. Netnou University.
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 305. glandulosus Koekemoer
(2) Wells et al. 1986. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Elytropappus glandulosus Less. (1)
Africa No. 53: 360.
bipinnatifida (Kunth) K.Koch WC
Perennial. Herb or shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt? WC gnaphaloides Koekemoer
hibiscifolia Benth. Disparago gomphrenoides Sch.Bip. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 6 m. Alt up to 155 m. KZN, Elytropappus ambiguus DC. (1)
Elytropappus canescens DC. (1)
EC Elytropappus glandulosus Less. var. ambiguus (DC.) Harv. (1)
Elytropappus gnaphaloides (L.) Levyns (1)
MONTICAPRA Koekemoer 9039030 Elytropappus scaber Kuntze (1)
Compiled by M. Koekemoer Seriphium gnaphaloides L. (1)
(1) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1000–1800 m. WC
Relhaniinae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans intricata (Levyns) Koekemoer
University. Stoebe intricata Levyns (1)
barbata (Koekemoer) Koekemoer Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 700–1100 m. WC
Disparago barbata Koekemoer (1) muricata (Spreng. ex Sch.Bip.) Koekemoer
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt Elytropappus glandulosus Less. var. longifolius DC. (1)
1450–1550 m. WC Elytropappus glandulosus Less. var. pallens DC. (1)
Elytropappus longifolius (DC.) Levyns (1)
gongylodes (Koekemoer) Koekemoer Stoebe muricata Spreng. ex Sch.Bip. (1)
Disparago gongylodes Koekemoer (1)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.35 m. Alt Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–2.5 m. Alt 600–1100 m. WC
1200–1600 m. WC scaber (L.f) Koekemoer
Elytropappus glandulosus Less. var. microphyllus DC. in part (1)
pilosa (Koekemoer) Koekemoer Elytropappus muricella Steud. ex Sch.Bip. (1)
Disparago pilosa Koekemoer (1) Elytropappus scaber (L.f.) Druce (1)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt Stoebe scabra L.f.
1450–1550 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1.8 m. Alt
0–1500 m. WC
MORYSIA Cass. 9326020
MYXOPAPPUS Källersjö 9366030
acerosa DC. = Phymaspermum acerosum
aspera (Thunb.) Less. = Athanasia dentata
(1) Källersjö. 1988. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 96:
dentata (L.) DC. = Athanasia dentata 314–316.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Mikania

acutilobus (DC.) Källersjö costata (Klatt) Thell.

Matricaria acutiloba (DC.) Harv. (1) N. lugardii N.E.Br. ex S.Moore (1, 2, 4)
Pentzia acutiloba (DC.) Hutch. (1) Nolletia costata Klatt (1, 2, 4)
Tanacetum acutilobum DC. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 900–1005 m. N, B
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 152–700 m. N, NC felicioides (Hiern) S.Moore
hereroensis (O.Hoffm.) Källersjö Athrixia felicioides Hiern (1, 2, 4)
Pentzia galpinii Hutch. (1) Laggera humilis O.Hoffm. (1, 2, 4)
Pentzia hereroensis O.Hoffm. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt? N
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.45 m. Alt 0 m. N heterophylla S.Moore subsp. affinis (S.Moore)
NESTLERA Spreng. 9048000 Merxm.
N. affinis S.Moore (1, 2)
Compiled by M. Koekemoer Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.3 m. Alt 1000–2000 m. N
(1) Bremer. 1976. Opera Botanica 40: 1–85. heterophylla S.Moore subsp. heterophylla
(2) Anderberg & Bremer. 1991. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Blumea suessenguthii Merxm. (1, 2)
Garden 78: 1061–1072.
acerosa (DC.) Harv. = Relhania acerosa
lugardii N.E.Br. ex S.Moore = N. costata
angusta Compton = Relhania tricephala
nitens (O.Hoffm.) Eyles var. nitens
biennis (Jacq.) Spreng. Laggera dinteri Thell. ex Merxm. (1, 2)
Columellea biennis Jacq. (2) N. quinqueseta O.Hoffm. ex Thell. (3, 4, 5)
N. reflexa (Thunb.) DC. (2) Pluchea nitens O.Hoffm. (3, 4, 5)
Relhania biennis (Jacq.) K.Bremer (2) Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.35–0.5 m. Alt 950–
Relhania reflexa Thunb. (1)
1300 m. N, B, LIM
Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 60–200
m. NC, WC pedunculata S.Moore subsp. pedunculata (4)
N. vedderiana Dinter ex Merxm. (1, 2)
conferta DC. = Rosenia humilis Perennial, occ. annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt? N, B
consimilis S.Moore = Relhania relhanioides quinqueseta O.Hoffm. ex Thell. = N. nitens var. nitens
corymbosa Bolus = Relhania corymbosa stenoptera (O.Hoffm.) Merxm. subsp. makarikarien-
dieterlenii E.Phillips = Relhania dieterlenii sis (Bremek. & Oberm.) Merxm.
Laggera makarikariensis Bremek. & Oberm. (1, 2, 4)
dinteri Muschl. ex Dinter = Rosenia humilis Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt? B
dregeana Harv. = Rosenia spinescens stenoptera (O.Hoffm.) Merxm. subsp. stenoptera
garnotii (Less.) Harv. = Relhania garnotii Laggera stenoptera O.Hoffm. (1, 2)
humilis Less. = Rosenia humilis Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 400–2000 m. N, B,
NW
incana Dinter ex Merxm. = Rosenia humilis
vedderiana Dinter ex Merxm. = N. pedunculata subsp.
levynsae Hutch. = Rosenia oppositifolia pedunculata
minuta (L.f.) DC. = Athanasia minuta subsp. minuta
muriculata DC. = Rosenia humilis NIDORELLA Cass. 8925000
oppositifolia DC. = Rosenia humilis Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
(1) Wild. 1969. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 43: 209–245.
prostrata Harv. = Rosenia oppositifolia (2) Wild. 1975. Kirkia 10: 62–72.
reflexa (Thunb.) DC. = N. biennis (3) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 79–85.
relhanioides Schltr. = Relhania relhanioides
agria Hilliard
rosenioides Hutch. ex Compton = Rosenia humilis Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 1525–2350 m. FS,
spinescens (DC.) Druce = Rosenia spinescens KZN, L, EC
tenuifolia DC. = Relhania garnotii amplexicaulis DC. = N. undulata
tricephala (DC.) Harv. = Relhania tricephala angustifolia O.Hoffm. = N. anomala
virgata N.E.Br. = Comborhiza virgata anomala Steetz
N. angustifolia O.Hoffm. (3)
N. depauperata Harv. (3)
NEWTONIA O.Hoffm. 9374010 N. solidaginea of author, not of DC.; Wild, concept invalid (3)
angolensis O.Hoffm. = Distephanus angolensis Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1.48 m. Alt
975–2250 m. NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
NICOLASIA S.Moore 8951000 auriculata DC.
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Erigeron kraussii Sch.Bip. (1, 3)
Erigeron sprengelii Sch.Bip. (1, 2, 3)
(1) Merxmüller. 1954. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssamm-
N. auriculata DC. subsp. polycephala (DC.) Wild (3)
lung München 2: 1–10.
N. diversifolia Spreng. ex Steetz (1, 2)
(2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 113–117.
N. kraussii (Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) Harv. (1, 2)
(3) Leins. 1971. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
N. obovata DC. (1, 2, 3)
München 9: 107.
N. polycephala DC. (3)
(4) Wild. 1980. Kirkia 12: 26–32.
N. senecionea DC. (1, 2, 3)
(5) Beentje. 2002. FTEA Compositae (Part 2): 349–352.
N. senecionea DC. var. albanensis DC. (1, 2)
affinis S.Moore = N. heterophylla subsp. affinis N. sprengelii (Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) Harv. (1, 2)
ASTERACEAE Myxopappus DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 1–2500 m. B, LIM, senecionea DC. = N. auriculata

NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC senecionea DC. var. albanensis DC. = N. auriculata
auriculata DC. subsp. polycephala (DC.) Wild = N. solidaginea DC. = N. resedifolia subsp. resedifolia
auriculata
solidaginea of author, not of DC.; Wild, concept invalid
densifolia O.Hoffm. = N. resedifolia subsp. resedifolia = N. anomala
depauperata Harv. = N. anomala
sprengelii (Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) Harv. = N. auriculata
diversifolia Spreng. ex Steetz = N. auriculata
tongensis Hilliard
foetida (L.) DC. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 0–60
Inula foetida L. (1)
N. hyssopifolia DC. (1) m. KZN
N. hyssopifolia DC. var. glabrata DC. (1) undulata (Thunb.) Sond. ex Harv.
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.01–1.2 m. Alt 5–2470 m. Chrysocoma undulata Thunb. (1, 2, 3)
WC, EC N. amplexicaulis DC. (1, 2, 3)
N. longifolia DC. (1, 2, 3)
frutescens Dinter = N. resedifolia subsp. frutescens
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 335–2525 m. LIM,
gariepina DC. = Nolletia gariepina M, KZN, L, WC, EC
hirta DC. = N. resedifolia subsp. resedifolia
hottentotica DC. NOLLETIA Cass. 8929000
N. hottentotica DC. var. lanata Harv. (1) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–1.2 m. Alt 303–1830 m. LIM, (1) Merxmüller. 1955. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssamm-
NW, G, M, S, FS, NC lung München 2: 78, 79.
hottentotica DC. var. lanata Harv. = N. hottentotica (2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 118–120.
hyssopifolia DC. = N. foetida
arenosa O.Hoffm.
hyssopifolia DC. var. glabrata DC. = N. foetida Chrysocoma dinteri Muschl. (2)
kraussii (Sch.Bip. ex Walp.) Harv. = N. auriculata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 885–2290
krookii O.Hoffm. = N. resedifolia subsp. resedifolia m. N, B, NW, NC
linifolia DC. ciliaris (DC.) Steetz
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.33–1 m. Alt 2–10 Leptothamnus ciliaris DC. (2, 3)
m. KZN Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 1030–1900
longifolia DC. = N. undulata m. N, B, NW, G, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
membranifolia Steetz = N. microcephala costata Klatt = Nicolasia costata
mespilifolia (Less.) DC. = Microglossa mespilifolia ericoides Merxm.
microcephala Steetz Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? N
N. membranifolia Steetz (2) gariepina (DC.) Mattf.
N. resedifolia DC. subsp. microcephala (Steetz) Wild (2) Felicia gariepina (DC.) L.Bolus (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.85–1.3 m. Alt up to 1100 m. LIM, Nidorella gariepina DC. (2)
KZN Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 550–
nordenstamii Wild 2000 m. N, NC
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1500–2100 m. N rarifolia (Turcz.) Steetz
Leptothamnus rarifolius Turcz. (3)
obovata DC. = N. auriculata
pinnatilobata DC. = N. resedifolia subsp. resedifolia m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, EC
polycephala DC. = N. auriculata ruderalis Hilliard
punctulata DC. = Psiadia punctulata Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 0–801 m. M, S,
rapunculoides DC. = N. resedifolia subsp. resedifolia KZN
resedifolia DC. subsp. frutescens Merxm. tenuifolia Mattf.
N. frutescens Dinter (1) Chrysocoma ciliata of author, not of L.; Dinter, concept invalid (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 971–1400 m. N Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 1500–
resedifolia DC. subsp. microcephala (Steetz) Wild = N. 2100 m. N
microcephala zambesica R.E.Fr.
resedifolia DC. subsp. resedifolia Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.6–1.3 m. Alt? N, B
N. densifolia O.Hoffm. (1, 2)
N. hirta DC. (1, 2, 3)
N. krookii O.Hoffm. (1, 2, 3)
NOTONIA DC. 9411020
N. pinnatilobata DC. (1, 2, 3) fulgens (Hook.f.) Guillaumin = Kleinia fulgens
N. rapunculoides DC. (1, 2, 3)
N. resedifolia DC. var. subvillosa Merxm. (1, 2) welwitschii (O.Hoffm.) Hiern = Kleinia fulgens
N. solidaginea DC. (1, 2, 3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 10–2135 m. N, B, LIM, NOTONIOPSIS B.Nord. 9411030
resedifolia DC. var. subvillosa Merxm. = N. resedifolia fulgens (Hook.f.) B.Nord. = Kleinia fulgens
subsp. resedifolia galpinii (Hook.f.) B.Nord. = Kleinia galpinii
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Nidorella

OEDERA L. 9322000 prolifera L.f. = O. capensis

Compiled by M. Koekemoer resinifera (K.Bremer) Anderb. & K.Bremer
Relhania resinifera K.Bremer (7)
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 44–530.
(2) Smith. 1927. Bothalia 2: 360–365. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1 m. Alt 500–1000 m. WC
(3) Phillips. 1931. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 11: t. 440. sedifolia (DC.) Anderb. & K.Bremer
(4) Phillips. 1940. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 20: t. 786. Eclopes sedifolia DC. (1)
(5) Levyns. 1948. Journal of South African Botany 14: 83–85. Relhania sedifolia (DC.) Harv. (7)
(6) Bremer. 1976. Opera Botanica 40: 1–85. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 200–1700
(7) Anderberg & Bremer. 1991. Annals of the Missouri Botanical
Garden 78: 1061–1072. m. NC, WC
(8) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 344. silicicola (K.Bremer) Anderb. & K.Bremer
(9) Beyers. 2001. Bothalia 31: 41, 42. Relhania silicicola K.Bremer (7)
aliena L.f. = Heterolepis aliena Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 100–120 m.
alienata Thunb. = Hirpicium alienatum WC
capensis (L.) Druce squarrosa (L.) Anderb. & K.Bremer
Relhania latifolia Compton (7)
Eroeda capensis (L.) Levyns (7)
Relhania squarrosa (L.) L’Hér. (7)
O. prolifera L.f. (7)
Relhania squarrosa (L.) L’Hér. var. brevifolia Harv. (7)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 50–600 m. WC, Santolina squarrosa L. (7)
EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.6 m. Alt 500–1600 m. NC,
conferta (Hutch.) Anderb. & K.Bremer WC, EC
Relhania conferta Hutch. (7)
steyniae (L.Bolus) Anderb. & K.Bremer
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1500–1600 Relhania steyniae L.Bolus (7)
m. NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 0–300 m.
epaleacea Beyers WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 800–1000 m. WC uniflora (L.f.) Anderb. & K.Bremer
foveolata (K.Bremer) Anderb. & K.Bremer Athanasia uniflora L.f. (7)
Relhania foveolata K.Bremer (7) Relhania cuneata L’Hér. (7)
Relhania cuneata L’Hér. var. virgata (L’Hér.) S.Moore (7)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 500–900 m. Relhania uniflora (L.f.) Druce (7)
genistifolia (L.) Anderb. & K.Bremer viscosa (L’Hér.) Anderb. & K.Bremer
Athanasia genistifolia L. (7)
Relhania affinis Sond. ex Harv. (7)
Geigeria passerinoides (L’Hér.) Harv. (7)
Relhania genistifolia (L.) L’Hér. var. glutinosa (DC.) Harv. (7)
Relhania genistifolia (L.) L’Hér. (7)
Relhania viscosa L’Hér. (7)
Relhania genistifolia (L.) L’Hér. var. angustifolia Harv. (7)
Relhania genistifolia (L.) L’Hér. var. discoidea Harv. (7) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 100–400 m.
Relhania microphylla L’Hér. (7) WC
WC, EC OLDENBURGIA Less. 9500000
hirta Thunb. Compiled by N. Netnou
Eroeda hirta (Thunb.) Levyns (7) (1) Bond. 1987. South African Journal of Botany 53: 493−500.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 10–800 m. WC arbuscula DC. = O. grandis
imbricata Lam. grandis (Thunb.) Baill.
Eroeda imbricata (Lam.) Levyns (7) Arnica grandis Thunb. (1)
Eroeda intermedia (DC.) Levyns (7) O. arbuscula DC. (1)
O. intermedia DC. (8)
O. latifolia Less. (7) Perennial. Shrub or small tree. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 500–690
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 70–1500 m. WC, m. EC
EC intermedia Bond
intermedia DC. = O. imbricata Perennial. Dwarf shrub, cushion-forming. Spread up
laevis DC. to 0.06 m. Alt 600–1500 m. WC
Eroeda laevis (DC.) Levyns (7) papionum DC.
Eroeda muirii (C.A.Sm.) Levyns (7) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 250–450 m. WC
O. muirii C.A.Sm. (8)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 250–700 m. WC, paradoxa Less.
EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, cushion forming. Spread up to
1 m. Alt 550–1300 m. WC
latifolia Less. = O. imbricata
muirii C.A.Sm. = O. laevis OLIGOCARPHA Cass. 8936010
multipunctata (DC.) Anderb. & K.Bremer neriifolia (L.) Cass. = Brachylaena neriifolia
Relhania multipunctata DC. (7)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 600–900 m. NC, OLIGOCARPUS Less. 9424000
WC
nordenstamii (K.Bremer) Anderb. & K.Bremer (1) Lessing. 1832. Synopsis generum Compositarum: 90.
Relhania nordenstamii K.Bremer (7) (2) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 433.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 600–800 m. (3) Norlindh. 1943. Studies in the Calenduleae: 346–352.
NC (4) Nordenstam. 1994. Compositae Newsletter 25: 46–49.
ASTERACEAE Oedera DICOTYLEDONS

acanthospermus (DC.) Bolus = Osteospermum acan- schlechteri (Bolus) Källersjö

thospermum Matricaria schlechteri Bolus ex Schltr. (2)
calendulaceus (L.f.) Less. Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt 0 m. WC
Calendula parviflora Thunb. (2, 4) suffruticosum (L.) Källersjö
O. tripteroides DC. (3, 4) Cotula tanacetifolia L. (2)
Osteospermum calendulaceum L.f. (2, 4) Matricaria multiflora Fenzl ex Harv. (2)
Annual. Herb. Length 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 20–1465 m. Pentzia suffruticosa (L.) Hutch. ex Merxm. (2)
KZN, NC, WC, EC Pentzia tanacetifolia (L.) Hutch. (2)
Tanacetum suffruticosum L. (2)
calendulaceus of author, not of Less.; Dinter, concept Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 15–1500 m. N, NC,
invalid = Osteospermum muricatum subsp. WC
muricatum
tripteroides DC. = O. calendulaceus ONDETIA Benth. 9089000
OLIGODORA DC. 9326030 (1) Bentham. 1876. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 12: 11, 12, t. 1112.
dentata DC. = Hymenolepis dentata (2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 120, 121.
linearis Benth.
OLIGODORELLA Turcz. 9370005 Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 950–
teretifolia Turcz. = Marasmodes polycephala 1830 m. N
OLIGOTHRIX DC. 9416000 OREOLEYSERA K.Bremer 9052010
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Compiled by M. Koekemoer
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 306. (1) Bremer. 1978. Botaniska Notiser 131: 449–453.
(2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 345.
montana (Bolus) K.Bremer
gracilis DC. Leysera montana Bolus (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1000–1676 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.03–0.08 m. Alt 1000–
1100 m. WC
ONCOSIPHON Källersjö 9366020
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman OSMITES L. 9099000
(1) Schlechter. 1899. Botanische Jahrbücher 27: 208. angustifolia DC. = Osmitopsis pinnatifida subsp.
310–314. angustifolia
(3) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 345. anthemoides DC. = Osmitopsis osmitoides
africanum (P.J.Bergius) Källersjö asteriscoides P.J.Bergius = Osmitopsis asteriscoides
Chrysanthemum hirtum Thunb. (2)
Matricaria africana P.J.Bergius (2) bellidiastrum in sense of Thunb. = Osmitopsis osmi-
Matricaria capensis L. (2) toides
Matricaria hirta (Thunb.) DC. (2)
calycina L.f. = Relhania calycina subsp. calycina
dentata Thunb. = Osmitopsis dentata
glabratum (Thunb.) Källersjö
Chrysanthemum glabratum Thunb. (2) hirsuta Less. = Osmitopsis afra
Matricaria glabrata (Thunb.) DC. (2) leucantha (L.) Druce = Osmitopsis afra
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC
parvifolia DC. = Osmitopsis parvifolia
grandiflorum (Thunb.) Källersjö
Matricaria grandiflora (Thunb.) Fenzl ex Harv. (2) pinnatifida DC. = Osmitopsis pinnatifida subsp. pin-
Pentzia grandiflora (Thunb.) Hutch. (2) natifida
Tanacetum grandiflorum Thunb. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 3–1372 m. N, NC, OSMITOPSIS Cass. emended 9098000
WC K.Bremer
intermedium (Hutch.) Källersjö Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Pentzia intermedia Hutch. (2) (1) Bremer. 1972. Botaniska Notiser 125: 9–48.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 90–650 m. WC (2) Bremer. 1976. Botaniska Notiser 129: 21–24.
piluliferum (L.f.) Källersjö afra (L.) K.Bremer
Cotula globifera Thunb. (2) Anthemis afra L. (1)
Cotula pilulifera L.f. (2) Osmites hirsuta Less. (1)
Matricaria globifera (Thunb.) Fenzl ex Harv. (2) Osmites leucantha (L.) Druce (1)
Matricaria pilulifera (L.f.) Druce (2) Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 360–1220 m.
Pentzia globifera (Thunb.) Hutch. (2)
Pentzia pilulifera (L.f.) Fourc. (2) WC
Tanacetum obtusum Thunb. (2) asteriscoides (L.) Cass. = O. asteriscoides
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 8–1645 m. NW, G, asteriscoides (P.J.Bergius) Less.
M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Leucanthemum asteriscoides (L.) Kuntze (1)
sabulosum (Wolley-Dod) Källersjö Osmites asteriscoides P.J.Bergius (1)
Matricaria sabulosa Wolley-Dod (2) O. asteriscoides (L.) Cass. (1)
Pentzia sabulosa (Wolley-Dod) Hutch. (2) O. calva Gand. (1)
Annual. Herb. Length 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 4–46 m. NC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 15–1220 m. WC
WC calva Gand. = O. asteriscoides
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Oligocarpus

dentata (Thunb.) K.Bremer Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 700–1065 m. N,

Osmites dentata Thunb. (1) NC
asperulum (DC.) Norl.
WC O. coriaceum DC. var. asperulum DC. (4)
glabra K.Bremer Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 700–1700 m.
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.08–0.25 m. Alt ± 400 m. WC
WC asperum (Thunb.) Less. = O. rigidum var. rigidum
nana Schltr. attenuatum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.03–0.15 m. Alt 480–1220 Perennial. Herb. Length 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 1675–2300
m. WC m. KZN
osmitoides (Less.) K.Bremer auriculatum (S.Moore) Norl. = Tripteris auriculata
Bellidiastrum osmitoides Less. (1)
Osmites anthemoides DC. (1) barberae (Harv.) Norl. = Dimorphotheca barberae
Osmites bellidiastrum in sense of Thunb. (1) bidens Thunb.
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 90–1380 m. O. ephedroides DC. (1, 4)
WC, EC O. lavandulaceum DC. (4)
Senecio striatus Thunb. (1, 4)
parvifolia (DC.) Hofmeyr Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 450–1400 m. NC,
Osmites parvifolia DC. (1)
WC
m. WC bipinnatum Thunb. = Garuleum bipinnatum
pinnatifida (DC.) K.Bremer subsp. angustifolia (DC.) bolusii (Compton) Norl.
O. multicaule Norl. (4)
K.Bremer Tripteris bolusii Compton (4)
Osmites angustifolia DC. (1)
WC breviradiatum Norl. = Tripteris breviradiata
pinnatifida (DC.) K.Bremer subsp. pinnatifida burchellii DC. = O. corymbosum
Osmites pinnatifida DC. (1) caeruleum Aiton = Garuleum pinnatifidum
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 600–1530 m. calcareum Muschl. ex Dinter = O. montanum
WC calendulaceum Harv. = Garuleum latifolium
pinnatifida (DC.) K.Bremer subsp. serrata K.Bremer calendulaceum L.f. = Oligocarpus calendulaceus
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 760–1600 m. caulescens Harv. = Dimorphotheca caulescens
WC
ciliatum P.J.Bergius
tenuis K.Bremer O. laxum DC. (4)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 1050–1380 m. O. pungens Harv. (4)
WC Perennial. Shrub. Length up to 0.5 m. Alt 100–700 m.
WC
OSTEOSPERMUM L. 9427000 clandestinum (Less.) Norl. = Tripteris clandestina
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman connatum DC. = Tripteris amplexicaulis
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 433–446. coriaceum DC. = O. junceum
(2) Bolus. 1906. Transactions of the South African Philosophical
Society 16: 392–395. coriaceum DC. var. asperulum DC. = O. asperulum
(3) Norlindh. 1939. Botaniska Notiser: 786–795.
(4) Norlindh. 1943. Studies in the Calenduleae: 98–237, 353–357. corymbosum DC., not of L. = O. imbricatum subsp.
(5) Norlindh. 1960. Botaniska Notiser 113: 388–392. imbricatum
(6) Norlindh. 1965. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung corymbosum DC. var. lasiocaulon DC. = O. imbrica-
München 5: 646–649.
(7) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 121–129. tum subsp. imbricatum
(8) Hilliard & Burtt. 1985. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden corymbosum DC. var. parvifolium Harv. = O. imbrica-
Edinburgh 42: 232, 233. tum subsp. imbricatum
acanthospermum (DC.) Norl. corymbosum DC. var. rotundifolium DC. in part = O.
Oligocarpus acanthospermus (DC.) Bolus (4)
Xenismia acanthosperma DC. (4) imbricatum subsp. imbricatum
Annual. Herb. Length 0.02–0.3 m. Alt 450–1200 m. corymbosum L.
NC, WC O. burchellii DC. (4)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 300–600 m. WC
aciphyllum DC.
O. triquetrum L.f. var. aciphyllum (DC.) Harv. (4) corymbosum L. var. rotundifolium DC. in part = O.
Perennial. Shrub. Length 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 300–600 m. rotundifolium
WC crassifolium (O.Hoffm.) Norl. = Tripteris crassifolia
acutifolium (Hutch.) Norl. = Dimorphotheca acutifolia cuspidatum DC. = Tripteris tomentosa
amplectens (Harv.) Norl. = Tripteris amplectens decumbens Fourc. = O. pterigoideum
angolense Norl. = Tripteris angolensis dentatum Burm.f. = Tripteris dentata
arctotoides L.f. = Arctotis arctotoides dichotomum E.Mey. ex DC. = O. imbricatum subsp.
armatum Norl. imbricatum
ASTERACEAE Osmitopsis DICOTYLEDONS

dregei (DC.) Norl. var. dregei = Dimorphotheca dregei imbricatum Harv., not of L. = O. polygaloides var.
var. dregei polygaloides
dregei (DC.) Norl. var. reticulatum Norl. = Dimorpho- imbricatum L. subsp. imbricatum
theca dregei var. reticulata O. corymbosum DC., not of L. (4)
O. corymbosum DC. var. lasiocaulon DC. (4)
ecklonis (DC.) Norl. = Dimorphotheca ecklonis O. corymbosum DC. var. parvifolium Harv. (4)
elegans Bolus = O. rigidum var. elegans O. corymbosum DC. var. rotundifolium DC. in part (4)
O. dichotomum E.Mey. ex DC. (4)
elsieae Norl. O. glandulosum Spreng.f., not of DC. (4)
Perennial. Sprawling shrub or suffrutex. Length up to O. retirugum DC. (4)
0.5 m. Alt 250–750 m. WC Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 0–1000
ephedroides DC. = O. bidens m. WC, EC
falcatum E.Mey. ex DC. = Gymnostephium ciliare imbricatum L. subsp. nervatum (DC.) Norl. var. heli-
chrysoides (DC.) Norl.
fallax Spreng. ex DC. = Euryops munitus O. helichrysoides DC. (4)
filiforme Thunb. = O. triquetrum Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt? KZN,
foveolatum DC. = O. polygaloides var. polygaloides EC
fruticosum (L.) Norl. = Dimorphotheca fruticosa imbricatum L. subsp. nervatum (DC.) Norl. var. ner-
vatum
glaberrimum O.Hoffm. = O. imbricatum subsp. nerva- O. glaberrimum O.Hoffm. (4)
tum var. nervatum O. nervatum DC. (4)
glabratum (Thunb.) Less. = Tripteris oppositifolia Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 0–1500
m. KZN, WC, EC
glabrum N.E.Br.
Tripteris glabra C.A.Sm. (4) incanum Burm.f. = Chrysanthemoides incana
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–0.7 m. Alt 180–500 m. WC, jucundum (E.Phillips) Norl. = Dimorphotheca jucunda
EC junceum P.J.Bergius
glandulosum Spreng.f., not of DC. = O. imbricatum O. coriaceum DC. (4)
subsp. imbricatum O. marginatum Spreng.f. (4)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 300–1000 m. WC,
grandidentatum DC.
O. grandidentatum DC. var. hispidum Harv. (4) EC
O. grandidentatum DC. var. natalense Sch.Bip. (4) karrooicum (Bolus) Norl.
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 30–1600 m. S, Tripteris integrifolia Dinter (4, 7)
KZN, EC Tripteris karrooica Bolus (4, 7)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 600–1911 m. N,
grandidentatum DC. var. hispidum Harv. = O. grandi-
NC
dentatum
lanceolatum DC.
grandidentatum DC. var. natalense Sch.Bip. = O. gran-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 500–2000 m. KZN
didentatum
lancifolium Norl. = O. pterigoideum
grandiflorum DC.
Calendula muricata Thunb. (4) lanosum (DC.) Compton & E.Phillips = Chrysanthe-
Calendula rigida Aiton (4) moides incana
Tripteris arborescens Harv., not of Less. (4) lavandulaceum DC. = O. bidens
Tripteris petiolata DC. (4)
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.5–0.9 m. Alt 60– laxum DC. = O. ciliatum
1400 m. NC, WC leiocarpum DC. = Euryops leiocarpus
hafstroemii Norl. leptolobum (Harv.) Norl.
Tripteris leptoloba Harv. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Length up to 0.2 m. Alt 0–5 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 500–1650 m. NW,
hamiltoni S.Moore = O. muricatum subsp. muricatum FS, NC, WC, EC
helichrysoides DC. = O. imbricatum subsp. nervatum marginatum Spreng.f. = O. junceum
var. helichrysoides marlothianum Muschl. ex Dinter = Chrysanthemoides
herbaceum L.f. incana
O. zeyheri Spreng. ex DC. (1, 4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.8–1 m. Alt 0–1000 m. KZN, EC microcarpum (Harv.) Norl. subsp. microcarpum = Trip-
teris microcarpa subsp. microcarpa
heterophyllum DC. = Euryops brachypodus
microcarpum (Harv.) Norl. subsp. septentrionale (Norl.)
hirsutum Thunb. Norl. = Tripteris microcarpa subsp. septentri-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? WC? onalis
hispidum Harv. var. hispidum microcarpum (Harv.) Norl. var. septentrionale Norl. =
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 200– Tripteris microcarpa subsp. septentrionalis
500 m. WC
microphyllum DC.
hispidum Harv. var. viride Norl. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 450–1524 m. B,
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? WC NW?, NC, WC, EC
hyoseroides (DC.) Norl. = Tripteris hyoseroides moniliferum L. = Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp.
ilicifolium L. = Gibbaria ilicifolia monilifera
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Osteospermum

moniliferum L. forma foliis-subintegris Engl. = Chry- psammophilum Klatt = Dimorphotheca polyptera

santhemoides monilifera subsp. septentrionalis pterigoideum Klatt
moniliferum L. var. angustifolium DC. = Chrysanthe- O. decumbens Fourc. (4)
O. lancifolium Norl. (4)
moides monilifera subsp. subcanescens
Perennial. Suffrutex. Length up to 0.5 m. Alt 0–250 m.
moniliferum L. var. lanosum DC. in part = Chrysanthe- WC, EC
moides incana
pterospermum E.Mey. ex DC. = O. spinosum var. run-
moniliferum L. var. pisiferum (L.) Harv. = Chrysanthe- cinatum
moides monilifera subsp. pisifera
pterospermum E.Mey. ex DC. forma integrifolium
moniliferum L. var. rotundatum (DC.) Harv. = Chrysan- O.Hoffm. = O. spinosum var. spinosum
themoides monilifera subsp. rotundata
pulchrum Norl. = Dimorphotheca acutifolia
montanum Klatt
O. calcareum Muschl. ex Dinter (7) pungens Harv. = O. ciliatum
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1500–2100 m. N pyrifolium Norl.
monticola Norl. = O. thodei Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 112–610 m.
multicaule Norl. = O. bolusii WC
muricatum E.Mey. ex DC. subsp. longiradiatum Norl. rangei Muschl. = Chrysanthemoides incana
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 1900–2350 m. N retirugum DC. = O. imbricatum subsp. imbricatum
muricatum E.Mey. ex DC. subsp. muricatum rigidum Aiton var. elegans (Bolus) Norl.
Oligocarpus calendulaceus of author, not of Less.; Dinter, concept O. elegans Bolus (4)
invalid (7) Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.32–0.6 m. Alt 100–
O. hamiltoni S.Moore (4)
1065 m. WC
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC rigidum Aiton var. rigidum
Calendula aspera Thunb. (4)
nervatum DC. = O. imbricatum subsp. nervatum var. O. asperum (Thunb.) Less. (4)
nervatum O. plebeium DC. (4)
O. squarrosum Harv. (4)
nervosum (Hutch.) Norl. = Tripteris nervosa O. subauritum DC. (4)
odoratum Klatt = Tripteris microcarpa subsp. micro- O. trigonospermum DC. (4)
carpa Tripteris rogersii S.Moore (4)
oppositifolium (Aiton) Norl. = Tripteris oppositifolia 1525 m. WC
pachypteris DC. = O. spinescens riparium O.Hoffm. = Dimorphotheca fruticosa
picridioides DC. = Tripteris aghillana var. aghillana rosulatum Norl. = Tripteris rosulata
pinnatifidum Thunb. = Garuleum pinnatifidum rotundatum DC. = Chrysanthemoides monilifera
pinnatilobatum Norl. = Tripteris pinnatilobata subsp. rotundata
pinnatipartitum DC. = Euryops pinnatipartitus rotundifolium (DC.) Norl.
O. corymbosum L. var. rotundifolium DC. in part (4)
pinnatum (Thunb.) Norl. var. breve Norl. Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 100–1200
Annual. Herb. Ht/Length 0.12–0.3 m. Alt 90–1220 m. m. WC
N, NC, WC
scabrum Thunb. = Gibbaria scabra
pinnatum (Thunb.) Norl. var. pinnatum
Acanthotheca pinnatisecta DC. (3) scariosum DC. var. integrifolium (Harv.) Norl. = Trip-
Calendula pinnata Thunb. (4, 7) teris aghillana var. integrifolia
Chrysanthemum lidbeckioides Less. (4) scariosum DC. var. scariosum = Tripteris aghillana
Dimorphotheca pinnata (Thunb.) Harv. (4)
var. aghillana
Annual. Herb. Length 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 90–1200 m.
N, NC, WC sinuatum (DC.) Norl. var. lineare (Harv.) Norl. = Trip-
teris sinuata var. linearis
pisiferum L. = Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp.
pisifera sinuatum (DC.) Norl. var. sinuatum = Tripteris sinuata
var. sinuata
pisiferum L. var. canescens DC. = Chrysanthemoides
monilifera subsp. canescens sonchifolium DC. = Garuleum sonchifolium
plebeium DC. = O. rigidum var. rigidum spathulatum (DC.) Norl. = Tripteris spathulata
polycephalum (DC.) Norl. = Tripteris polycephala spinescens Thunb.
O. pachypteris DC. (4)
polygaloides L. var. latifolium Norl. O. tridens DC. (4)
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 300– O. tripteroideum DC. (4)
828 m. WC Tripteris concordiae Schltr. (4, 7)
Tripteris muschlerianus Dinter (4, 7)
polygaloides L. var. polygaloides Tripteris pachypteris (DC.) Harv. (4)
Calendula rosmarinifolia Houtt. (4) Tripteris spinescens (Thunb.) Harv. (4)
O. foveolatum DC. (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 305–1800 m. N,
O. imbricatum Harv., not of L. (4)
NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
1800 m. WC spinescens Willd. = O. spinosum var. runcinatum
ASTERACEAE Osteospermum DICOTYLEDONS

spinigerum Norl. = Tripteris spinigera (16) Compton. 1953. Journal of South African Botany 19: 115–119,
137–144.
spinosum L. var. integrifolium P.J.Bergius = O. spino- (17) Nordenstam. 1961. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
sum L. var. spinosum München 4: 125, 126.
(18) Nordenstam. 1964. Journal of South African Botany 30: 27–29.
spinosum L. var. runcinatum P.J.Bergius (19) Merxmüller. 1965. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
O. pterospermum E.Mey. ex DC. (4)
München 5: 627–643.
O. spinescens Willd. (4)
(20) Nordenstam. 1966. Botaniska Notiser 119: 365–368.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 200–600 m. WC (21) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 129–135.
spinosum L. var. spinosum (22) Nordenstam. 1967. Botaniska Notiser 120: 297–304.
O. pterospermum E.Mey. ex DC. forma integrifolium O.Hoffm. (4) (23) Claassen. 1968. The Flowering Plants of Africa 39: t. 1538.
O. spinosum L. var. integrifolium P.J.Bergius (4) (24) Nordenstam. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1572.
(25) Claassen. 1970. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1588.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 15–600 m. WC (26) Nordenstam. 1971. Annalen des Natürhistorischen Museums Wien
squarrosum Harv. = O. rigidum var. rigidum 75: 139–142.
striatum Burtt Davy (28) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 513, 514.
Dimorphotheca nervosa Hutch. (4) (29) Nordenstam. 1980. Botaniska Notiser 133: 555–557.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 1000–2000 m. M (30) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany Suppl.
subauritum DC. = O. rigidum var. rigidum vol. 13: 185–187.
(31) Wijnands. 1985. Taxon 34: 311.
subcanescens DC. = Chrysanthemoides monilifera (32) Van Jaarsveld. 1986. South African Journal of Botany 52:
subsp. subcanescens 569–571.
(33) Rowley. 1990. Cactus and Succulent Journal Los Angeles 62: 282.
subulatum DC. (34) Rowley. 1994. Succulent Compositae: 155–197.
Perennial. Shrub. Length 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 5–183 m. WC (35) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 39, 40.
(36) Hilton-Taylor. 1997. Bothalia 27: 203.
tanacetifolium MacOwan = Garuleum tanacetifolium (37) Lavranos. 2002. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 74,3: 142–
tenuilobum DC. = Euryops tenuilobus 145.
teretifolium Thunb. = Pteronia teretifolia abrotanifolia (Harv.) Druce
Doria abrotanifolia Harv. (8)
thodei Markötter
O. monticola Norl. (4) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt 800–
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1800– 1000 m. NC
2700 m. FS, KZN, L abrotanifolia L. = Euryops abrotanifolius
tomentosum (L.f.) Norl. = Tripteris tomentosa aeonioides Dinter = O. furcata
tridens DC. = O. spinescens alba Compton
Perennial. Geophyte, shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m.
trigonospermum DC. = O. rigidum var. rigidum Alt 100–1220 m. WC
tripteroideum DC. = O. spinescens albicaulis Dinter = Hertia pallens
triquetrum L.f. ambifaria S.Moore = Emilia ambifaria
O. filiforme Thunb. (4)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 275–728 m. amplexicaulis Thunb. = O. parviflora
WC amplexifolia DC.
O. perfoliata Jacq. (3)
triquetrum L.f. var. aciphyllum (DC.) Harv. = O. aci- Perennial. Geophyte, herb, climber, succulent. Length
phyllum 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 50–1150 m. N, NC, WC
wallianum Norl. = Dimorphotheca walliana arborescens L.
zeyheri Spreng. ex DC. = O. herbaceum Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 2–305
m. WC
OTHONNA L. 9420000 arbuscula (Thunb.) Sch.Bip.
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Cacalia arbuscula Thunb. (2)
Doria arbuscula (Thunb.) DC. (2)
(1) Jacquin. 1798. Plantarum rariorum horti caesarei schoenbrun-
nensis 3: 66, t. 376. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.35–3 m. Alt 610–
(2) Schultz. 1844. Flora, Jena 27: 769. 1500 m. NC
(3) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 320–345. armiana Van Jaarsv.
(4) Schlechter. 1898. Journal of Botany, London 36: 26.
(5) Schlechter. 1900. Botanische Jahrbücher 27: 214–216. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.9 m. Alt
(6) Marloth. 1910. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa ± 900 m. NC
2: 38, 39. athanasiae L.f. = Euryops speciosissimus
(7) Hutchinson. 1914. The Gardeners’ Chronicle 56: 27.
(8) Druce. 1917. Report of the Botanical Exchange Club of the British auriculifolia Licht. ex Less.
Isles 1916: 638. O. cyanoglossa DC. (3)
(9) Hutchinson. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum 9: 409, O. lactucaefolia DC. (3)
411–414. O. picridioides DC. (3)
(10) Dinter. 1923. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis 19: Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.75 m.
141–143. Alt 300–2000 m. FS, NC, WC, EC
(11) Compton. 1931. Transactions of the Royal Society of South
Africa 19: 321. avasimontana Dinter = Lopholaena cneorifolia
(12) Pillans. 1937. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 17: t. 676. barkerae Compton = O. osteospermoides
(13) Levyns. 1941. Journal of South African Botany 7: 139–143.
(14) Compton. 1942. Journal of South African Botany 8: 268–270.
bergeri Spreng. = O. coronopifolia
(15) Compton. 1949. Journal of South African Botany 15: 108–110. brachypoda DC. = O. heterophylla
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Osteospermum

brandbergensis B.Nord. cylindrica of author, not of (Lam.) DC.; F.Bolus, Bolus

Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 1850–2000 m. N & Glover, concept invalid = O. protecta
bulbosa L. dentata L.
O. tuberosa Thunb. (13) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 2–450
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. m. WC
Alt 25–2250 m. NC, WC
digitata L.
burttii B.Nord. Doria digitata (L.) Less. (22)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.12–0.2 m. Alt Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m.
1520–2910 m. KZN, L, EC Alt 20–1065 m. WC
cacalioides L.f. dinteri Muschl. ex Dinter = Hertia ciliata
O. minima DC. (24, 30)
O. pillansii Hutch. (16, 24) disticha N.E.Br. = Lopholaena disticha
Perennial. Shrub, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.08 divaricata Hutch.
m. Alt 750–920 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.25 m. Alt ± 150 m. NC
cakilifolia DC. diversifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Doria diversifolia DC. (2)
Alt 300–440 m. NC, WC Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ± 900 m.
NC
cakilifolia DC. var. latifolia DC. = O. incisa
ericoides L.f. = Euryops ericoides
capensis L.H.Bailey
O. crassifolia Harv. (22) eriocarpa (DC.) Sch.Bip.
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Length 0.12–0.2 m. Alt 20– Doria eriocarpa DC. (2)
1220 m. EC Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.12–0.2 m. Alt ± 640
m. WC?, EC
capillaris L.f. = Gymnodiscus capillaris
euphorbioides Hutch.
carnosa Less. var. carnosa
Cineraria cacalioides L.f. (3)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.12–0.9 m. Alt 0– 1000–1800 m. NC
1740 m. L, WC, EC filicaulis Jacq.
carnosa Less. var. discoidea Oliv. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, climber, succulent. Ht up
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 0–100 to 0.4 m. Alt 60–500 m. N?, NC?, WC
m. KZN, EC floribunda of author, not of Schltr.; Range, concept
chromochaeta (DC.) Sch.Bip. invalid = O. sparsiflora
Doria chromochaeta DC. (2) floribunda Schltr.
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht up to 0.18 m. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 1–1100
Alt 30–1050 m. NC m. NC, WC
ciliata L.f. frutescens L.
Perennial. Suffrutex, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 180– Perennial. Suffrutex, succulent. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt?
500 m. WC WC
clavifolia Marloth furcata (Lindl.) Druce
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt? N, Ceradia furcata Lindl. (19, 21)
NC? Doria ceradia Harv. (19, 21)
O. aeonioides Dinter (19, 21)
cneorifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. = Lopholaena cneorifolia Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 400–
coriifolia Sond. = Lopholaena coriifolia 1035 m. N, NC
coronopifolia L. geifolia L. = Cineraria geifolia
O. bergeri Spreng. (3)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 5–1219 glauca Klatt = Emilia marlothiana
m. NC, WC grandidentata DC. = O. pluridentata
crassicaulis Compton = O. protecta graveolens O.Hoffm.
crassifolia Harv. = O. capensis Senecio cacteaeformis Klatt (19, 21)
cuneata DC. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt ± 1450
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. m. N, NC
Alt 90–1585 m. NC, WC gymnodiscus (DC.) Sch.Bip.
Doria gymnodiscus DC. (2)
cyanoglossa DC. = O. auriculifolia
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m.
cyclophylla Merxm. Alt 180–1550 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt ± 945 m.
N, NC hallii B.Nord.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.1–
cylindrica (Lam.) DC. 0.25 m. Alt ± 815 m. NC, WC
Cacalia cylindrica Lam. (3)
O. tenuissima Haw. (3) hederifolia B.Nord.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 0–1500 Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.3 m. Alt 600–
m. N, NC, WC, EC 2000 m. NC, WC
ASTERACEAE Othonna DICOTYLEDONS

herrei Pillans membranifolia DC.

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt ± Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt ± 30 m. EC
300 m. NC minima DC. = O. cacalioides
heterophylla L.f. mucronata Harv.
O. brachypoda DC. (3)
O. tuberosa DC. (3) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 450–1100
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 35– m. WC
1200 m. NC, WC multicaulis Harv.
humilis Schltr. Perennial. Suffrutex, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.05–0.08 m. Alt 1220–2150 10–1675 m. WC
m. WC multifida Thunb. = Euryops multifidus
imbricata Thunb. = Euryops imbricatus munita L.f. = Euryops munitus
incisa Harv. muschleriana Dinter = Hertia pallens
O. cakilifolia DC. var. latifolia DC. (3)
natalensis Sch.Bip.
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 250– O. scapigera Harv. (27)
1220 m. NC Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 0–2700
intermedia Compton m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. obtusiloba Harv.
Alt? WC Perennial. Suffrutex, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 90–
lactucaefolia DC. = O. auriculifolia 765 m. NC, WC
lamulosa Schinz = O. lasiocarpa oleracea Compton
lasiocarpa (DC.) Sch.Bip. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m.
Doria lasiocarpa DC. (19, 21) Alt 300–1145 m. WC
O. lamulosa Schinz (19, 21) opima Merxm.
O. litoralis Dinter (19, 21)
O. retrofracta, not of Jacq.; F.Bolus, Bolus & Glover (21)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex, succulent. Ht 0.3–
O. schaeferi Muschl. ex Dinter (19, 21) 0.9 m. Alt 90–610 m. N, NC
O. surculosa Muschl. ex Dinter (19, 21) osteospermoides DC.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–1 m. Alt 0–400 O. barkerae Compton (30)
m. N, NC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 335–
lateriflora L.f. = Euryops lateriflorus 1600 m. WC
lepidocaulis Schltr. ovalifolia Hutch.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht ± 0.18 m. Alt? NC
Alt ± 600 m. NC, WC pachypoda Hutch.
leptodactyla Harv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.6 m.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 150–765 Alt? NC, WC
m. NC, WC pallens DC. = Hertia pallens
lineariifolia (DC.) Sch.Bip. papaveroides Hutch.
Doria linearifolia DC. (2) Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.35 m. Alt
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’ 300–610 m. WC
lingua (Less.) Sch.Bip. papillosa Dinter = O. sedifolia
Doria lingua Less. (2)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 30–1220 parviflora L. = O. quinquedentata
m. NC, WC parviflora P.J.Bergius
O. amplexicaulis Thunb. (31)
linifolia Burm.f., illegitimate name = Euryops tenuis- O. rigens (L.) Levyns (31)
simus subsp. tenuissimus Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–2.5 m. Alt 3–1850
linifolia L. = Euryops linifolius m. NC, WC, EC
linifolia L.f. = O. stenophylla patula Schltr.
litoralis Dinter = O. lasiocarpa Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex, succulent. Ht 0.1–
0.2 m. Alt 1200–2045 m. EC
lobata Schltr.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 210– pavelkae Lavranos
2000 m. N, NC, WC, EC? Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.8–1.2 m. Alt ±
900 m. NC
lyrata DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 90–245 m. WC pavonia E.Mey.
macrocephala Muschl. ex Dinter = Hertia ciliata Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 90–
1530 m. NC, WC, EC
macrophylla DC.
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 190–610 pectinata L. = Euryops pectinatus subsp. pectinatus
m. NC perfoliata Jacq. = O. amplexifolia
macrosperma DC. perfoliata Thunb.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt? WC Doria perfoliata (Thunb.) DC. (2)
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Othonna

Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. retrorsa DC. var. spektakelensis (Compton) G.D.Rowley
Alt 0–1030 m. NC, WC O. spektakelensis Compton (33)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.25–0.35 m. Alt 1060–
petiolaris DC.
1160 m. NC
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt 200–
700 m. WC rhopalophylla Dinter = Senecio aloides
picridioides DC. = O. auriculifolia rigens (L.) Levyns = O. parviflora
pillansii Hutch. = O. cacalioides rosea Harv.
pinnata L.f. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht? Alt? NC
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. rosea Klatt = Emilia ambifaria
Alt 30–1065 m. WC rotundifolia DC.
pinnatifida Thunb. = Cineraria othonnoides Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt ± 90 m. NC
pinnatilobata Sch.Bip. = O. retrofracta rufibarbis Harv.
pluridentata DC. Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.4 m.
O. grandidentata DC. (3) Alt 6–1630 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht? Alt? WC
scapigera Harv. = O. natalensis
polycephala Klatt = Emilia ambifaria
schaeferi Muschl. ex Dinter = O. lasiocarpa
primulina DC.
schlechteriana Dinter = Euryops asparagoides
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’
sedifolia DC.
protecta Dinter Euryops schenkii O.Hoffm. (19, 21)
O. crassicaulis Compton (19, 21) O. papillosa Dinter (19, 21)
O. cylindrica of author, not of (Lam.) DC.; F.Bolus, Bolus &
Glover, concept invalid (21) Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex, succulent. Ht
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.1– 0.075–0.6 m. Alt 5–1175 m. N, NC, WC
0.3 m. Alt 560–1800 m. N, FS, NC, WC sonchifolia DC.
pteronioides Harv. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.12 m. Alt ± 460 m.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 300– WC
1005 m. NC, WC sparsiflora (S.Moore) B.Nord.
Euryops sparsiflorus S.Moore (17, 19)
purpurascens Harv. O. floribunda of author, not of Schltr.; Range, concept invalid (17,
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt? ‘CP’ (3) 19)
pusilla Dinter = Senecio sulcicalyx Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt?
pygmaea Compton N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.1– spektakelensis Compton = O. retrorsa var. spektake-
0.5 m. Alt 500–765 m. NC, WC lensis
quercifolia DC. spinescens DC.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ± 1000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? NC
m. WC stenophylla Levyns
quinquedentata Thunb. O. linifolia L.f. (13)
O. parviflora L. (22) Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.5 m.
O. subumbellata DC. (3) Alt 18–162 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.9–4 m. Alt 10–1320
subumbellata DC. = O. quinquedentata
m. WC, EC
sulcata Thunb. = Euryops sulcatus
quinqueradiata DC.
Perennial. Suffrutex, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt? WC surculosa Muschl. ex Dinter = O. lasiocarpa
ramulosa DC. tagetes L. = Steirodiscus tagetes
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 760–1400 tenuissima Haw. = O. cylindrica
m. WC tenuissima L. = Euryops tenuissimus subsp. tenuis-
rechingeri B.Nord. simus
Perennial. Herb, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. tephrosioides Sond.
Alt ± 670 m. NC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt? WC
reticulata DC. tomentosa Salisb., illegitimate name = Euryops pecti-
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? WC natus subsp. pectinatus
retrofracta Jacq. trifida L.f. = Euryops trifidus
Doria carnosa DC. (36)
O. pinnatilobata Sch.Bip. (36) trifurcata L.f. = Euryops tenuissimus subsp. trifurca-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or herb, succulent. Ht 0.075– tus
0.4 m. Alt? N, NC, WC trinervia DC.
retrofracta F.Bolus, Bolus & Glover = O. lasiocarpa Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’ (3)
retrorsa DC. var. retrorsa triplinervia DC.
Perennial. Herb or dwarf shrub, geophyte, succulent. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–2.4 m. Alt 120–
Ht 0.05–0.35 m. Alt 640–1160 m. NC 800 m. EC
ASTERACEAE Othonna DICOTYLEDONS

tuberosa DC. = O. heterophylla Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 1000–2500 m. M, S

tuberosa Thunb. = O. bulbosa oxyodonta DC.
umbelliformis DC. Perennial. Herb or subshrub. Ht 0.22–1 m. Alt 275–
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC 1850 m. N, NC
uniflora Savigny = Euryops abrotanifolius pinnatilobata (Klatt) O.Hoffm. ex Dinter
Fresenia pinnatilobata Klatt (3, 5)
viminea E.Mey.
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht? Alt? WC Perennial. Subshrub. Length up to 0.15 m. Alt 1600–
2000 m. N
virginea L.f. = Euryops virgineus
plumosa M.D.Hend.
zeyheri Sond. P. acuminata of author, not of DC., concept invalid (3, 5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt? ‘SA’ (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1000–1500
m. N
OTOCHLAMYS DC. 9350000
eckloniana DC. = Cotula eckloniana polygalaefolia Less. = P. retrofracta
pedunculata Schltr. = Cotula pedunculata retrofracta (Thunb.) Kies
Eupatorium retrofractum Thunb. (3, 5)
Fresenia foliosa Klatt (3, 5)
OXYLAENA Benth. ex Anderb. 9049010 Iphiona acuminata (DC.) Benth. ex B.D.Jacks. (5)
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Iphiona retrofracta (Thunb.) Druce (3, 5)
P. acuminata DC. (5)
(1) Bentham. 1876. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 12: 9, t. 1109.
P. polygalaefolia Less. (3, 5)
(2) Anderberg. 1991. Opera Botanica 104: 53.
acicularis (Benth.) Anderb. m. N, B, LIM, NW, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
Anaglypha acicularis Benth. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 0–50 m. WC senegalensis Cass.
*PARTHENIUM L. 9138000 1525 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
Compiled by N. Netnou tenella DC. = Vernonia galpinii
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 294−295.
tenuifolia Bolus
hysterophorus L. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1000–1250
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 152–305 m. M, S, m. LIM
KZN
*PENTANEMA Cass. 9061060
PECHUEL-LOESCHEA O.Hoffm. 8943000
(1) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 135. (1) Rechinger. 1980. Flora Iranica 145: 96–105.
(2) Wild. 1969. Kirkia 7: 133, 134. (2) Tadesse. 1995. Kew Bulletin 50: 401–408.
leubnitziae (Kuntze) O.Hoffm. tropicale 4: 314.
Pluchea leubnitziae (Kuntze) N.E.Br. (1)
indicum (L.) Y.Ling
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 90–1340 m. N, B, Conyza kotschyi (Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf. & Asch.) Schweinf. & Asch. (2)
LIM, M, S, NC Inula indica L. (1, 2)
Vicoa auriculata Cass. (1, 2)
PEGOLETTIA Cass. 9073000 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 200–1200 m. NW
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 122, 123. PENTATRICHIA Klatt 9061010
Society 18: 395, 396. Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
(3) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 135–138. (1) Moore. 1917. Journal of Botany, London 55: 106.
(4) Anderberg. 1985. Nordic Journal of Botany 5: 57–59. (2) Merxmüller. 1950. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
(5) Anderberg. 1986. Cladistics 2: 158–186. München 1,2: 43, 44.
acuminata DC. = P. retrofracta (3) Merxmüller. 1954. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
München 1,9,10: 436–442.
acuminata of author, not of DC., concept invalid = P. (4) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 138, 139.
plumosa alata S.Moore
arenicola Dinter ex Range = Amellus flosculosus Philyrophyllum alatum Burtt Davy (3)
baccaridifolia Less. Pulicaria alata E.Phillips (3)
Carphopappus baccaridifolius (Less.) Sch.Bip. (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1000–1936 m.
Iphiona baccaridifolia (Less.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Dinter (3, 5) LIM, M
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 0–500 m. N, WC, avasmontana Merxm.
EC P. confertifolia Merxm. (4)
dentata Bolus = Anisothrix kuntzei Pulicaria confertifolia Klatt ex Merxm. (4)
Tetratrichia avasmontana Dinter ex Merxm. (4)
gariepina Anderb. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt up to 1400 m. N, NC
confertifolia Merxm. = P. avasmontana
lanceolata Harv.
Bojeria lanceolata (Harv.) Benth. ex B.D.Jacks. (5) petrosa Klatt
Inula lanceolata (Harv.) O.Hoffm. ex Burtt Davy & Pott-Leendertz (5) Inula petrosa Klatt ex Range (3, 4)
Vernonia collina Klatt (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 660–2150 m. N, NC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Othonna

rehmii (Merxm.) Merxm. globifera Licht. ex Less. = P. globosa

Inula rehmii Merxm. (3, 4)
globifera (Thunb.) Hutch. = Oncosiphon piluliferum
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? N
globosa Less.
PENTHERIELLA O.Hoffm. 8931010 P. globifera Licht. ex Less. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt 550–1830 m. NW,
krookii O.Hoffm. & Muschl. = Heteromma krookii G, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
PENTZIA Thunb. 9366000 grandiflora (Thunb.) Hutch. = Oncosiphon grandiflo-
rum
grisea Muschl. ex Dinter = P. sphaerocephala
(1) Burchell. 1822. Travels in the interior of southern Africa: 400.
(2) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 171–174. hereroensis O.Hoffm. = Myxopappus hereroensis
(3) Moore. 1904. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier ser. 2, 4: 1020, 1021.
(4) Hutchinson. 1916. Kew Bulletin 1916: 241–254. incana (Thunb.) Kuntze
Chrysanthemum incanum Thunb. (4)
(5) Hutchinson. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum 9: 390–394.
P. virgata Less. (4)
(6) Kies. 1945. Journal of South African Botany 11: 118–122.
(7) Merxmüller & Eberle. 1957. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staats- Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 25–1600 m. N, B,
sammlung München 2,17,18: 334. NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
(8) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 139–146.
(9) Nordenstam. 1967. Botaniska Notiser 120: 199–201. integrifolia Muschl. ex Dinter = P. monocephala
(10) Nordenstam. 1987. Botanische Jahrbücher 108: 195–199. intermedia Hutch. = Oncosiphon intermedium
299–306. lanata Hutch.
acutiloba (DC.) Hutch. = Myxopappus acutilobus LIM, NW, G, FS, NC, WC, EC
albida (DC.) Hutch. = Foveolina dichotoma laxa Bremek. & Oberm. = Rennera laxa
annua DC. = Foveolina dichotoma macrocephala Dinter ex Merxm. & Eberle = P. spines-
argentea Hutch. cens
P. quinquefida of author, not of Less.; Dinter, concept invalid (8)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt 60–1405 m. N, membranacea Hutch. = Foveolina albidiformis
NC microcephala Dinter ex Range = P. calva
athanasioides S.Moore = Phymaspermum athana- monocephala S.Moore
sioides P. integrifolia Muschl. ex Dinter (8)
bolusii Hutch. 1850 m. N, NW, G
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC
nana Burch.
burchellii (DC.) Fenzl = P. punctata P. quinquefida (Thunb.) Less. var. nana (Burch.) Harv. (4)
calcarea Kies Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht? Alt? NC
P. cooperi of author, not of Harv.; Dinter, concept invalid (8) peduncularis B.Nord.
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.12–0.7 m. Alt 230– Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 0–750 m. NC,
1432 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, FS, NC WC
calva S.Moore pilulifera (L.f.) Fourc. = Oncosiphon piluliferum
P. microcephala Dinter ex Range (8)
Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.07–0.6 m. Alt pinnatifida Oliv. = Phymaspermum pinnatifidum
1060–2100 m. N, B pinnatisecta Hutch.
P. caudiculata Thell. (8)
caudiculata Thell. = P. pinnatisecta
cinerascens DC. = P. sphaerocephala FS, NC
cooperi Harv. punctata Harv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 1000–3320 m. G, P. burchellii (DC.) Fenzl (4)
M, FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 245–1920 m. FS,
cooperi of author, not of Harv.; Dinter, concept invalid NC, WC, EC
= P. calcarea quinquefida of author, not of Less.; Dinter, concept in-
dentata (L.) Kuntze valid = P. argentea
Gnaphalium dentatum L. (4) quinquefida (Thunb.) Less.
P. flabelliformis Willd. (4) Cotula quinquefida Thunb. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 120–3020 m. NC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.22–0.75 m. Alt 1000–1730 m.
WC, EC FS, NC, WC, EC
dichotoma DC. = Foveolina dichotoma quinquefida (Thunb.) Less. var. nana (Burch.) Harv. =
eenii S.Moore = Rennera eenii P. nana
elegans DC. sabulosa (Wolley-Dod) Hutch. = Oncosiphon sabulo-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 550–1500 m. NC?, sum
WC schinziana (Thell.) Merxm. & Eberle = Foveolina schin-
flabelliformis Willd. = P. dentata ziana
galpinii Hutch. = Myxopappus hereroensis sphaerocephala DC.
ASTERACEAE Pentatrichia DICOTYLEDONS

P. cinerascens DC. (4) calycina DC. = Schistostephium umbellatum

P. grisea Muschl. ex Dinter (8)
oxylepis DC. = Schistostephium umbellatum
FS, NC, WC, EC umbellata (L.f.) Fourc. = Schistostephium umbella-
tum
spinescens Less.
P. macrocephala Dinter ex Merxm. & Eberle (8)
PHAENOCOMA D.Don 8997000
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 910–1435 m. N, Compiled by M. Koekemoer
FS, NC, WC
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 44–530.
stenocephala Thell. = Phymaspermum acerosum (2) Letty. 1930. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 10: t. 388.
suffruticosa (L.) Hutch. ex Merxm. = Oncosiphon suf- prolifera (L.) D.Don
fruticosum Xeranthemum proliferum L. (1)
tanacetifolia (L.) Hutch. = Oncosiphon suffruticosum Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 0–1500 m. WC
tomentosa B.Nord. PHAEOCEPHALUS S.Moore 9325000
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 1800–2500 m. N gnidioides S.Moore = Hymenolepis gnidioides
tortuosa (DC.) Fenzl ex Harv.
Tanacetum tortuosum DC. (4) PHANEROGLOSSA B.Nord. 9411040
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.075–0.3 m. Alt 914– Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
2450 m. L, NC, EC
(1) Oliver. 1884. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 15: 44, 45, t. 1456.
tysonii Thell. = Phymaspermum woodii (2) Nordenstam. 1978. Opera Botanica 44: 66–68.
virgata Less. = P. incana bolusii (Oliv.) B.Nord.
Senecio bolusii Oliv. (2)
viridis Kies
Perennial. Suffrutex or shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt Perennial. Suffrutex, succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt
1100–1405 m. NW, FS, NC, EC 300–1675 m. NC?, WC
woodii Thell. = Phymaspermum woodii PHILYROPHYLLUM O.Hoffm. 9083000
PERDICIUM L. 9528020
(1) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 146, 147.
Compiled by N. Netnou (2) Wild. 1980. Kirkia 12: 51, 52.
(1) Hansen. 1985. Nordic Journal of Botany 5: 543−546. (3) Herman. 2003. Bothalia 33: 118–120.
capense L. alatum Burtt Davy = Pentatrichia alata
Gerbera taraxaci (Vahl) Schltr. (1) brandbergense P.P.J.Herman
P. semiflosculare L. (1)
P. taraxaci Vahl (1)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt up to 2000 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC N
leiocarpum DC. schinzii O.Hoffm.
Gerbera leiocarpa (DC.) Schltr. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–2 m. Alt 425–1780 m. N, B,
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC LIM, NW
nervosum Thunb. = Haplocarpha nervosa PHYMASPERMUM Less. emended 9336000
semiflosculare L. = P. capense Källersjö
taraxaci Vahl = P. capense Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
PEROTRICHE Cass. 9038000 (1) Kuntze. 1898. Revisio generum plantarum 3,11: 167.
(2) Thellung. 1923. Mitteilungen aus dem Botanischen Museum der
microphylla Sch.Bip. = Stoebe schultzii Universität Zürich 102: 446–448.
PETALACTE D.Don 8995000 32: 330, 331.
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman (5) Källersjö. 1985. Nordic Journal of Botany 5: 535–538.
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 288. (6) Brusse. 1989. Bothalia 19: 29–31.
(2) Lundgren. 1974. Botaniska Notiser 127: 119–124. acerosum (DC.) Källersjö
canescens DC. = Langebergia canescens Athanasia acerosa (DC.) Harv. (5)
Athanasia natalensis Schltr. (4)
coronata (L.) D.Don Morysia acerosa DC. (5)
Gnaphalium coronatum L. (1, 2) Pentzia stenocephala Thell. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.12–0.9 m. Alt 15–1400 m. NC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.22–2 m. Alt 90–2200 m. M, S,
WC FS, KZN, L, EC
epaleata Hilliard & B.L.Burtt = Anderbergia epaleata aciculare (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Benth. & Hook. ex B.D.
vlokii Hilliard = Anderbergia vlokii Jacks.
Iocaste acicularis E.Mey. ex Harv. (5)
PETALACTELLA N.E.Br. 8996000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt 655–2100 m. N,
woodii N.E.Br. = Trichogyne decumbens NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
appressum Bolus
PEYROUSEA DC. 9365000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 732–1500 m. WC
argentea Compton = Schistostephium umbellatum argenteum Brusse
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Pentzia

Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.75–0.85 m. Alt up to 2072 Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 300–
m. LIM, S 1400 m. NW, G, FS, KZN, WC, EC
athanasioides (S.Moore) Källersjö hieracioides L.
Brachymeris athanasioides (S.Moore) Hutch. (5) Biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 500–
Pentzia athanasioides S.Moore (5)
1000 m. KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt 1520–1980 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS PILOSELLOIDES C.Jeffrey 9528010
bolusii (Hutch.) Källersjö cordata (Thunb.) C.Jeffrey = Gerbera cordata
Brachymeris bolusii Hutch. (5)
hirsuta (Forssk.) C.Jeffrey = Gerbera piloselloides
M, S, FS PLANEA P.O.Karis 9043030
equisetoides Thell. Compiled by M. Koekemoer
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? L (1) Karis. 1990. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 102: 23–36.
erubescens (Hutch.) Källersjö schlechteri (L.Bolus) P.O.Karis
Brachymeris erubescens Hutch. (5) Metalasia schlechteri L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 700–1000 m.
460–1065 m. EC WC
junceum Less.
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 600–800 m. WC PLATYCARPHA Less. 9441000
leptophyllum (DC.) Benth. & Hook. ex B.D.Jacks. Compiled by E. Retief
Adenachaena leptophylla DC. (5) (1) Harvey & Sonder. 1865. FC 3: 54.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.6 m. Alt 500–600 m. WC (2) Oliver & Hiern. 1877. FTA 3: 429–430.
(3) Moore. 1903. Journal of Botany, London 41: 136, 137.
montanum (Hutch.) Källersjö (4) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 330.
Brachymeris montana Hutch. (5) (5) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 352.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1.5 m. Alt 1210–1950 m. carlinoides Oliv. & Hiern
LIM, NW, G, M Perennial. Herb, acaulescent. Spread up to 0.4 m. Alt
parvifolium (DC.) Benth. & Hook. ex B.D.Jacks. 700–1645 m. N, B, FS, NC
Adenachaena parvifolia DC. (5)
glomerata (Thunb.) Less.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 155–1890 Cynara glomerata Thunb. (1)
m. FS, NC, WC, EC Stobaea glomerata (Thunb.) Spreng. (1)
peglerae (Hutch.) Källersjö Perennial. Herb, acaulescent. Spread up to 0.6 m. Alt
Brachymeris peglerae Hutch. (5) 5–460 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–0.75 m. Alt 500–1000 m. EC parvifolia S.Moore
pinnatifidum (Oliv.) Källersjö Perennial. Herb, acaulescent. Spread up to 0.08 m. Alt
Athanasia pinnatifida (Oliv.) Hilliard (5) 1200–1500 m. NW, M, FS
Pentzia pinnatifida Oliv. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.8 m. Alt 610–945 m. KZN PLECOSTACHYS Hilliard & 8992040
pubescens Kuntze B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt 1200–1525 m. Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
NC, WC, EC (1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 49–51.
schroeteri Compton polifolia (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 1000–1740 m. Gnaphalium dodii Levyns (1)
NC, WC Gnaphalium polifolium Thunb. (1)
Helichrysum serpyllifolium (P.J.Bergius) Pers. var. polifolium
scoparium (DC.) Källersjö (Thunb.) DC. (1)
Brachymeris scoparia DC. (5) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.06 m. Alt 90–1525
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 1000–1640 m. m. S, KZN, WC, EC
NC, EC serpyllifolia (P.J.Bergius) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
villosum (Hilliard) Källersjö Gnaphalium orbiculare Thunb. (1)
Athanasia villosa Hilliard (5) Gnaphalium serpyllifolium P.J.Bergius (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 600–1370 m. Helichrysum orbiculare (Thunb.) Druce (1)
Helichrysum serpyllifolium (P.J.Bergius) Pers. (1)
KZN, EC Helichrysum serpyllifolium (P.J.Bergius) Pers. var. orbiculare
woodii (Thell.) Källersjö (Thunb.) DC. (1)
Athanasia woodii (Thell.) Hilliard (5) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1.21 m. Alt 5–1524
Pentzia tysonii Thell. (4)
Pentzia woodii Thell. (5)
m. KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1140–2745 m. M, PLEIOTAXIS Steetz 9499000
KZN, L, EC
*PICRIS L. 9575000 (1) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 148.
(2) Wild. 1972. Kirkia 8: 200.
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman (3) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 16, 17.
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 604–606. antunesii O.Hoffm.
echioides L. Vernonia schoenfelderiana Dinter ex Merxm. (1)
ASTERACEAE Phymaspermum DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2−0.6 m. Alt? N Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 100–762 m. WC

eximia O.Hoffm. subsp. eximia reflexa (L.) Cass. subsp. reflexa
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15−1.3 m. Alt? B Aster imbricatus L. (1)
Aster reflexus L. (1)
Chrysocoma scabra Thunb. (1)
PLUCHEA Cass. 8941000 Cullumia setosa Sieber ex DC. (1)
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Elphegea reflexa (L.) Less. (1)
(1) Oliver & Hiern. 1877. FTA 3: 327–330. Felicia reflexa (L.) DC. (1)
(2) Mattfeld. 1922. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums Xeranthemum ciliatum L. (1)
zu Berlin-Dahlem 8: 177. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 90–800 m. WC
(3) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 149. stricta Grau
(5) Merxmüller & Roessler. 1979. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staats- Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 90–1000 m.
sammlung München 15: 374. WC
(6) Anderberg. 1991. Plant Systematics and Evolution 176: 164–166.
(7) King-Jones. 2001. Englera 23: 1–136. POLYCHAETIA Less. 9048020
bojeri (DC.) Humbert acerosa DC. = Relhania acerosa
P. integrifolia Mattf. (7)
Perennial. Shrub or herb. Ht 0.45–3.5 m. Alt 10–1310 brevifolia DC. = Geigeria brevifolia
m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN garnotii Less. = Relhania garnotii
integrifolia Mattf. = P. bojeri oppositifolia DC. = Rosenia oppositifolia
leubnitziae (Kuntze) N.E.Br. = Pechuel-Loeschea leub- pectidea DC. = Geigeria pectidea
nitziae
tricephala DC. = Relhania tricephala
lycioides (Hiern) Merxm.
Psiadia lycioides Hiern (3, 7) POLYMNIA L. 9122000
nitens O.Hoffm. = Nicolasia nitens var. nitens carnosa L.f. = Didelta carnosa var. carnosa
ovalis (Pers.) DC. spinosa L.f. = Didelta spinosa
Baccharis ovalis Pers. (1, 5, 7)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt up to 1000 m. N PORCELLITES Less. 9572010
scabrida DC. = Conyza scabrida brasiliensis Less. = Hypochaeris brasiliensis
POECILOLEPIS Grau 8919020 PRENANTHES L. 9606000
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman japonica L. = Youngia japonica
(1) Grau. 1977. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
München 13: 243–254. sarmentosa Willd. = Launaea sarmentosa
PRINTZIA Cass. 9059000
ficoidea (DC.) Grau
Aster ficoideus (DC.) Harv. (1) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Felicia ficoidea DC. (1) (1) Kroner. 1980. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht up to 0.21 München 16: 108–128, 206–232.
m. Alt 1–10 m. WC, EC aromatica (L.) Less.
maritima (Bolus) Grau Inula aromatica L. (1)
Felicia maritima Bolus (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 60–1300
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 0–10 m. WC
m. WC asteroides Schltr. ex Bews = Lepidostephium aster-
POLYARRHENA Cass. 8919010 oides
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman auriculata Harv.
P. densifolia J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans (1)
(1) Grau. 1970. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung P. laxa N.E.Br. (1)
München 7: 347–368.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 610–2450 m. M, FS,
imbricata (DC.) Grau KZN, L, EC
Aster imbricatus (DC.) Harv. (1)
Aster worcesterensis Kuntze (1) bergii Cass., illegitimate name = P. polifolia
Felicia imbricata DC. (1) cernua (P.J.Bergius) Druce = P. polifolia
2000 m. WC densifolia J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans = P. auriculata
prostrata Grau subsp. dentata Grau huttoni Harv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Length up to 0.4 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.75 m. Alt 1000–1712 m.
EC
prostrata Grau subsp. prostrata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Length up to 0.4 m. Alt 300– laxa N.E.Br. = P. auriculata
1400 m. WC nutans (Bolus) Leins
reflexa (L.) Cass. subsp. brachyphylla (Sond. ex Harv.) Bojeria nutans Bolus (1)
Grau Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 610–2750 m. FS,
Aster reflexus L. var. brachyphyllus Sond. ex Harv. (1) KZN, L
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Pleiotaxis

polifolia (L.) Hutch. P. aparine Muschl. (1)

Aster papposus Willd. ex Spreng. (1) P. arabica Jaub. & Spach (1, 2)
Aster polifolius L. (1) P. resiniflua (Hochst. & Steud. ex DC.) Schweinf. & Asch. (2)
Inula cernua P.J.Bergius (1) P. vernicosa Schinz (1)
Leysera polifolia (L.) Thunb. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–2 m. Alt 585–1524 m. N, B,
P. bergii Cass., illegitimate name (1) LIM, NW, G, M, NC
P. cernua (P.J.Bergius) Druce (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 60–1200 m. WC, resiniflua (Hochst. & Steud. ex DC.) Schweinf. & Asch.
EC = P. punctulata
pyrifolia Less. vernicosa Schinz = P. punctulata
KZN, L, EC
PSILOTHAMNUS DC. 9421040
adpressifolius DC. = Euryops ericifolius
PRISTOCARPHA E.Mey. ex DC. 9326050 ericifolius (Bél.) DC. = Euryops ericifolius
capitata E.Mey. ex DC. = Athanasia capitata
PSILOTHONNA E.Mey. 9421030
PSATHUROCHAETA DC. 9204020 capillacea (Thunb.) E.Phillips = Steirodiscus capil-
dregei DC. = Melanthera scandens subsp. dregei laceus
gamolepis (Bolus ex Schltr.) E.Phillips = Steirodiscus
PSEDNOTRICHIA Hiern 8860000 gamolepis
australis Alston = Felicia australis schlechteri (Bolus ex Schltr.) E.Phillips = Steirodiscus
schlechteri
PSEUDOCONYZA Cuatrec. 8940010
speciosa (Pillans) E.Phillips = Steirodiscus speciosus
tagetes (L.) E.Mey. = Steirodiscus tagetes
(1) Wild. 1969. Kirkia 7: 128.
(2) Anderberg. 1991. Plant Systematics and Evolution 176: 160.
(3) Fayed & Mohamed. 1991. Willdenowia 20: 92. PTERONIA L. 8862000
viscosa (Mill.) D’Arcy Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Blumea aurita (L.f.) DC. (3) (1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 95–111.
Blumea viscosa (Mill.) V.M.Badillo (2) (2) Muschler. 1912. Botanische Jahrbücher 46: 95–103.
Conyza aurita L.f. (1, 3) (3) Hutchinson & Phillips. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum
Laggera aurita (L.f.) Sch.Bip. ex C.B.Clarke (1, 2) 9: 277–329.
Laggera lyrata (Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth) Leins (2) (4) Hutchinson & Phillips. 1922. Kew Bulletin 1922: 28, 196, 197.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 245–610 m. N, B, LIM, (5) Compton. 1931. Transactions of the Royal Society of South
Africa 19: 314.
M (6) Dinter. 1932. Feddes Repertorium 30: 181–184.
(7) Fourcade. 1934. Transactions of the Royal Society of South
PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM Kirp. 8992050 Africa 21: 87.
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman (8) Merxmüller. 1952. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
München 1: 123–129.
(1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 53–56. (9) Nordenstam. 1961. Botaniska Notiser 114: 279.
luteo-album (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (10) Henderson. 1962. The Flowering Plants of Africa 35: t. 1376.
Gnaphalium luteo-album L. (1) (11) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 150–159.
Gnaphalium trifidum Thunb. (1) (12) Nordenstam. 1971. Botaniska Notiser 124: 9–14.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.13–0.5 m. Alt 5–2408 m. N, B, (13) Brusse. 1990. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique
60: 151–154.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (14) Van Jaarsveld & Nordenstam. 1993. Aloe 30: 10–12.
oligandrum (DC.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (15) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 40.
Anaphalis oligandra DC. (1) acerosa DC. = P. teretifolia
Gnaphalium oligandrum (DC.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.22–1 m. Alt 5–2135 m. N, B, LIM, acuminata DC.
Dicoma ramosissima Klatt (11)
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC P. carnosa Muschl. (3, 11)
undulatum (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt P. feddeana Muschl. (3, 11)
Gnaphalium undulatum L. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 915–1405 m. N,
Helichrysum montosicolum Gand. (1) B, NC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 40–2745 m. N, G,
FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC acuta Muschl.
PSIADIA Jacq. 8923000 N, FS, NC, EC
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman adenocarpa Harv.
P. viscosa DC. (1, 3)
(1) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 150.
(2) Wild. 1975. Kirkia 10: 23–25. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt 305–1370 m.
NC, WC, EC
aparine Muschl. = P. punctulata
arabica Jaub. & Spach = P. punctulata aizoides Muschl. = Eremothamnus marlothianus
lycioides Hiern = Pluchea lycioides ambrariifolia Schltr.
punctulata (DC.) Oliv. & Hiern ex Vatke
Nidorella punctulata DC. (1, 2) anisata B.Nord.
ASTERACEAE Printzia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? NC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1–5 m. WC
anisata Dinter ex Merxm. = P. glabrata divaricata (P.J.Bergius) Less.
Eupatorium divaricatum P.J.Bergius (1, 11)
aspalatha DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 5–1200 m. N, NC,
WC
NC, WC
echinata Thunb. = Felicia echinata
aspera Thunb. = P. camphorata var. camphorata
eenii S.Moore
baccharoides Less. = P. teretifolia Dicoma seitziana Dinter (11)
beckeoides DC. P. feldtmanniana Dinter ex Merxm., naked name (11)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt up to 1130 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 1000–1525 m. N
bolusii E.Phillips elata B.Nord.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 790–1310 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt? NC
NC, EC elegans Sch.Bip. ex Walp. = P. tenuifolia
bromoides S.Moore = P. lucilioides elongata Thunb.
callosa DC. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 150–1370 m. WC,
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? EC? EC
calvescens Drège, naked name = P. gymnocline empetrifolia DC.
camphorata (L.) L. var. armata Harv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 500–1370 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.75–1.5 m. Alt 100–1600 m. NC, WC
WC engleriana Muschl. = Amphiglossa tomentosa
camphorata (L.) L. var. aspera (Thunb.) Harv. = P. erythrochaeta DC.
camphorata var. camphorata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 1000–1435 m. FS,
camphorata (L.) L. var. camphorata NC, EC
P. aspera Thunb. (3) fasciculata L.f.
P. camphorata (L.) L. var. aspera (Thunb.) Harv. (3) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.6 m. Alt 305–1150 m. NC,
P. laricina Houtt. ex DC. (3)
WC
NC, WC fastigiata Thunb.
P. decumbens Banks ex S.Moore (3)
camphorata (L.) L. var. laevigata Harv. P. paniculata Thunb. var. fastigiata (Thunb.) Harv. (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 670–1600 m. NC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 300–900 m. NC,
WC, EC WC
camphorata (L.) L. var. longifolia Harv. feddeana Muschl. = P. acuminata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–2 m. Alt 10–1160 m. WC feldtmanniana Dinter ex Merxm., naked name = P. eenii
camphorata (L.) L. var. stricta (Aiton) Harv. = P. stricta flexicaulis L.f.
var. stricta P. connata DC. (1, 3)
cancellata Dinter = P. pomonae Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 100–1500 m. WC
candollei Harv. = P. glauca flexicaulis DC. = P. paniculata
canescens DC. = P. cinerea foleyi Hutch. & E.Phillips
carnosa Muschl. = P. acuminata Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? WC
centauroides DC. geigerioides Muschl. ex Dinter = Athanasia minuta
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300–610 m. WC subsp. minuta
chlorolepis Dinter = P. sordida glabrata DC. = P. glauca
chrysocomifolia Poir. = P. stricta var. stricta glabrata L.f.
P. anisata Dinter ex Merxm. (8, 11)
ciliata Thunb. P. sesuviifolia DC. (1, 3, 11)
P. turbinata DC. (3) P. succulenta of author, not of Thunb., concept invalid (11)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 150–1150 m. N, Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 5–1200
NC, WC m. N, NC, WC
cinerea L.f. glauca Thunb.
P. canescens DC. (1, 3)
P. candollei Harv. (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 600–1140 P. glabrata DC. (3)
m. NC, WC P. latisquama DC. (1, 3)
P. thymifolia Muschl. & Dinter (3, 11)
connata DC. = P. flexicaulis
cylindracea DC. B, FS, NC, WC, EC
glaucescens DC.
N, B, NC
decumbens Banks ex S.Moore = P. fastigiata NC, EC
dinteri S.Moore = P. mucronata glomerata in sense of Range, not of L.f., misapplied
diosmifolia Brusse name = P. sordida
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Pteronia

glomerata L.f. mucronata DC.

P. microphylla DC. (1, 3) P. dinteri S.Moore (3, 11)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.76 m. Alt 460–1890 m. P. mucronata DC. subsp. dinteri (S.Moore) Merxm. (11)
NC, WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 600–1800 m. N, B,
FS, NC, WC
gymnocline DC.
P. calvescens Drège, naked name (1, 3) mucronata DC. subsp. dinteri (S.Moore) Merxm. = P.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt up to 300 m. NC mucronata
gymnocline E.Mey. = P. lucilioides oblanceolata E.Phillips
heterocarpa DC.
WC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Length 0.15–0.8 m. Alt
150–600 m. WC onobromoides DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 0–150 m. N, NC,
hirsuta L.f.
P. retorta L.f. (1, 3) WC
P. uniflora Poir. (3) oppositifolia L.
Perennial. Herb or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 130–780 m. WC
27–700 m. NC?, WC ovalifolia DC.
hutchinsoniana Compton Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 0–670 m. NC, WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 520 m. WC pallens L.f.
incana (Burm.) DC. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 305–915 m. NC,
Chrysocoma incana Burm. (1, 2) WC
P. xantholepis DC. (1, 3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 0–2500 m. NC, paniculata Thunb.
P. flexicaulis DC. (1, 3)
WC, EC
inflexa Thunb. ex L.f. 1524 m. N, NC, WC, EC
P. lupulina DC. (1, 3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 60–1130 m. N, paniculata Thunb. var. fastigiata (Thunb.) Harv. = P.
NC, WC fastigiata
intermedia Hutch. & E.Phillips pauciflora Sims = Syncarpha staehelina
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 430–580 m. NC, pillansii Hutch.
WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt? NC, WC?
kingesii Merxm. = P. polygalifolia polygalifolia O.Hoffm.
P. kingesii Merxm. (11)
laricina Houtt. ex DC. = P. camphorata var. camphorata P. quinquecostata Dinter (11)
latisquama DC. = P. glauca Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.7 m. Alt?
N
leptospermoides DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 305–1350 m. NC pomonae Merxm.
P. cancellata Dinter (8, 11)
leucoclada Turcz. P. villosa in sense of Dinter, not of L.f., misapplied name (8, 11)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 700–1220 m. N, Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ± 200 m. N
NC punctata E.Phillips
leucoloma DC. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 730–1310 m. FS,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? NC NC, EC
lucilioides DC. quadrifaria Dinter = P. lucilioides
P. bromoides S.Moore (3, 11) quinquecostata Dinter = P. polygalifolia
P. gymnocline E.Mey. (3)
P. lucilioides DC. var. sparsifolia Harv. (3) quinqueflora DC.
P. quadrifaria Dinter (11) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt ± 855 m.
P. roesemaniana Dinter ex Merxm. (11) EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–2.5 m. Alt 190–2000 m. N, rangei Muschl.
NC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1300–1600 m. N
lucilioides DC. var. sparsifolia Harv. = P. lucilioides retorta L.f. = P. hirsuta
lupulina DC. = P. inflexa roesemaniana Dinter ex Merxm. = P. lucilioides
lycioides Muschl. ex Dinter = P. scariosa scabra Harv.
marlothiana (O.Hoffm.) Dinter = Eremothamnus mar- Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 60–300 m.
lothianus WC
membranacea L.f. scariosa L.f.
P. lycioides Muschl. ex Dinter (11)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 500–1530 m. WC,
EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 365–1370 m. N,
NC, WC
microphylla DC. = P. glomerata
sesuviifolia DC. = P. glabrata
minuta L.f. = Athanasia minuta subsp. minuta
sordida N.E.Br.
mooreiana Hutch. P. chlorolepis Dinter (11)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? ‘CP?’ P. glomerata in sense of Range, not of L.f., misapplied name (11)
ASTERACEAE Pteronia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt flaccida Schltr. ex Hutch. & E.Phillips = Amphiglossa
790–1435 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC tomentosa
spinulosa E.Phillips perotrichoides (DC.) Harv. = Amphiglossa perotri-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt ± 40 m. N choides
staehelinoides DC. spinescens DC. = Amphiglossa triflora
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 550–1370 m. tecta Brusse = Amphiglossa tecta
WC, EC
thuja Merxm. = Amphiglossa thuja
stricta Aiton var. longifolia E.Phillips
tomentosa DC. = Amphiglossa tomentosa
EC trifurcata C.A.Sm. ex Merxm. = Amphiglossa thuja
stricta Aiton var. stricta PULICARIA Gaertn. 9078000
P. camphorata (L.) L. var. stricta (Aiton) Harv. (3)
P. chrysocomifolia Poir. (3) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 450–2000 m. WC (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 281, 282.
succulenta of author, not of Thunb., concept invalid = P. alata E.Phillips = Pentatrichia alata
glabrata capensis DC. = P. scabra
succulenta Thunb.
capensis DC. var. erigeroides (DC.) Harv. = P. scabra
390–490 m. NC, WC confertifolia Klatt ex Merxm. = Pentatrichia avasmon-
tana
tenuifolia DC.
P. elegans Sch.Bip. ex Walp. (3) scabra (Thunb.) Druce
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC Erigeron scabrum Thunb. (1)
Inula capensis Spreng. (1)
teretifolia (Thunb.) Fourc. P. capensis DC. (1)
Osteospermum teretifolium Thunb. (7) P. capensis DC. var. erigeroides (DC.) Harv. (1)
P. acerosa DC. (3) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.52 m. Alt 5–2200 m. N, B,
P. baccharoides Less. (3, 7)
P. trigona E.Phillips (3) LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
EC PYRETHRUM Zinn 9341065
thymifolia Muschl. & Dinter = P. glauca cinerariifolium Trevir. = Tanacetum cinerariifolium
tricephala DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 1200–1600 m. FS, RELHANIA L’Hér. emended 9050000
NC, EC K.Bremer
trigona E.Phillips = P. teretifolia
(1) Bremer. 1976. Opera Botanica 40: 1–85.
turbinata DC. = P. ciliata
uncinata DC. acerosa (DC.) K.Bremer
Nestlera acerosa (DC.) Harv. (1)
P. verticillata DC. (1, 3)
Polychaetia acerosa DC. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–0.8 m. Alt 5–800 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 2000–3000 m.
undulata DC. KZN, L
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 500–1140 m. NC acicularis Desf. ex Cass. = R. pungens subsp. pungens
unguiculata S.Moore
affinis Sond. ex Harv. = Oedera viscosa
NC, WC apiculata (DC.) Harv. = R. calycina subsp. apiculata
uniflora Poir. = P. hirsuta biennis (Jacq.) K.Bremer = Nestlera biennis
utilis Hutch. calycina (L.f.) L’Hér. subsp. apiculata (DC.) K.Bremer
Eclopes apiculata DC. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC R. apiculata (DC.) Harv. (1)
verticillata DC. = P. uncinata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1 m. Alt 800–1400 m. WC
villosa in sense of Dinter, not of L.f., misapplied name calycina (L.f.) L’Hér. subsp. calycina
= P. pomonae Osmites calycina L.f. (1)
villosa L.f. R. quinquenervis Thunb. (1)
R. rigida Hoffm. & Muschl. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt? N, NC
viscosa DC. = P. adenocarpa
calycina (L.f.) L’Hér. subsp. lanceolata K.Bremer
viscosa Thunb. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 0–100 m. WC, EC
m. N, NC, WC, EC centauroides (L.) Harv. = Athanasia crenata
xantholepis DC. = P. incana conferta Hutch. = Oedera conferta
corymbosa (Bolus) K.Bremer
PTEROTHRIX DC. 9042000 Nestlera corymbosa Bolus (1)
engleriana (Muschl.) Hutch. & E.Phillips = Amphi- Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 100–1500
glossa tomentosa m. WC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Pteronia

cuneata L’Hér. = Oedera uniflora resinifera K.Bremer = Oedera resinifera

cuneata L’Hér. var. virgata (L’Hér.) S.Moore = Oedera rigida Hoffm. & Muschl. = R. calycina subsp. calycina
uniflora rotundifolia Less.
decussata L’Hér. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 50–250 m.
R. patersoniae L.Bolus (1) WC
sedifolia (DC.) Harv. = Oedera sedifolia
2700 m. WC, EC
sessiliflora (L.f.) Thunb. = Rhynchopsidium sessiliflo-
dieterlenii (E.Phillips) K.Bremer
Nestlera dieterlenii E.Phillips (1) rum
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 1500–2400 m. L silicicola K.Bremer = Oedera silicicola
ericoides (P.J.Bergius) Cass. = R. fruticosa spathulifolia K.Bremer
foveolata K.Bremer = Oedera foveolata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 0–80 m.
WC
fruticosa (L.) K.Bremer
Anthemis fruticosa L. (1) speciosa (DC.) Harv.
R. ericoides (P.J.Bergius) Cass. (1) Eclopes speciosa DC. (1)
R. speciosa (DC.) Harv. var. schizolepis (DC.) Harv. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 80–1300 m. R. styphelioides (DC.) Harv. (1)
WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1 m. Alt 600–1500 m. WC,
garnotii (Less.) K.Bremer EC
Nestlera garnotii (Less.) Harv. (1)
Nestlera tenuifolia DC. (1) speciosa (DC.) Harv. var. schizolepis (DC.) Harv. = R.
Polychaetia garnotii Less. (1) speciosa
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt 0–160 m. squarrosa (L.) L’Hér. = Oedera squarrosa
WC
squarrosa (L.) L’Hér. var. brevifolia Harv. = Oedera
genistifolia (L.) L’Hér. = Oedera genistifolia squarrosa
genistifolia (L.) L’Hér. var. angustifolia Harv. = Oedera steyniae L.Bolus = Oedera steyniae
genistifolia
styphelioides (DC.) Harv. = R. speciosa
genistifolia (L.) L’Hér. var. discoidea Harv. = Oedera
tomentosa Thunb. = Amphiglossa tomentosa
genistifolia
tricephala (DC.) K.Bremer
genistifolia (L.) L’Hér. var. glutinosa (DC.) Harv. = Nestlera angusta Compton (1)
Oedera viscosa Nestlera tricephala (DC.) Harv. (1)
lanata Compton = Rosenia spinescens Polychaetia tricephala DC. (1)
lateriflora L’Hér. = Rhynchopsidium sessiliflorum
m. WC
latifolia Compton = Oedera squarrosa
trinervis Thunb. = R. pungens subsp. trinervis
laxa L’Hér. = Rhynchopsidium pumilum
tuberosa K.Bremer = Comborhiza virgata
microphylla L’Hér. = Oedera genistifolia
uniflora (L.f.) Druce = Oedera uniflora
multipunctata DC. = Oedera multipunctata
viscosa L’Hér. = Oedera viscosa
nordenstamii K.Bremer = Oedera nordenstamii
patersoniae L.Bolus = R. decussata RENNERA Merxm. emended 9366010
pedunculata (DC.) Harv. = Rhynchopsidium pumilum P.P.J.Herman
pumila (L.f.) Thunb. = Rhynchopsidium pumilum Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
(1) Bremekamp & Obermeyer. 1935. Annals of the Transvaal Museum
pungens L’Hér. subsp. angustifolia (DC.) K.Bremer 16: 441.
Eclopes parallelinervis Less. var. angustifolia DC. (1) (2) Källersjö. 1988. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 96: 308,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 180–1400 309.
m. KZN, EC (3) Herman. 1999. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 129:
367–377.
pungens L’Hér. subsp. pungens
R. acicularis Desf. ex Cass. (1) eenii (S.Moore) Källersjö
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.5 m. Alt 30–1800 Matricaria otaviensis Dinter (3)
Pentzia eenii S.Moore (2, 3)
m. WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt? N
pungens L’Hér. subsp. trinervis (Thunb.) K.Bremer
R. trinervis Thunb. (1) laxa (Bremek. & Oberm.) Källersjö
Pentzia laxa Bremek. & Oberm. (2, 3)
EC
B
quinquenervis Thunb. = R. calycina subsp. calycina
limnophila Merxm.
reflexa Thunb. = Nestlera biennis Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 800–1300 m.
relhanioides (Schltr.) K.Bremer N, B
Nestlera consimilis S.Moore (1)
Nestlera relhanioides Schltr. (1) stellata P.P.J.Herman
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 800–1500 Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1200–1500 m.
m. WC NW, NC
ASTERACEAE Relhania DICOTYLEDONS

RHYNCHOPSIDIUM DC. 9050020 oppositifolia (DC.) K.Bremer

Nestlera levynsae Hutch. (1)
Compiled by M. Koekemoer Nestlera prostrata Harv. (1)
(1) Bremer. 1976. Opera Botanica 40: 1–85. Polychaetia oppositifolia DC. (1)
(2) Anderberg & Bremer. 1991. Annals of the Missouri Botanical R. angustifolia Compton (1)
Garden 78: 1061–1072. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 600–1800 m. FS,
pumilum (L.f.) DC. NC, WC, EC
Athanasia pumila L.f. (2) spinescens DC.
Relhania laxa L’Hér. (2) Nestlera dregeana Harv. (1)
Relhania pedunculata (DC.) Harv. (2) Nestlera spinescens (DC.) Druce (1)
Relhania pumila (L.f.) Thunb. (2) Relhania lanata Compton (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.25 m. Alt 600–1800 m. NC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt 700–1700 m. WC
WC
sessiliflorum (L.f.) DC. RUCKERIA DC. 9419000
Athanasia sessiliflora L.f. (2) euryopoides Drège ex Harv. = Euryops othonnoides
Relhania lateriflora L’Hér. (2)
Relhania sessiliflora (L.f.) Thunb. (2) euryopsidis DC. = Euryops othonnoides
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.25 m. Alt 600–1200 m. WC, othonnoides DC. = Euryops othonnoides
EC
tagetoides DC. = Euryops tagetoides
RHYNEA DC. 8994030 SANTOLINA L. 9328000
phylicifolia DC. = Tenrhynea phylicifolia alpina Bertol. = Lasiospermum pedunculare
ROODEBERGIA B.Nord. 8919070 capitata L. = Athanasia capitata
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman crenata L. = Athanasia crenata
(1) Nordenstam. 2002. Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica 53,2: crithmifolia L. = Athanasia crithmifolia subsp. crith-
101–105. mifolia
kitamurana B.Nord. dentata L. = Athanasia dentata
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ± 1850 m. WC erecta Lam. = Lasiospermum pedunculare
ROHRIA Thunb. 9437010 eriosperma Pers. = Lasiospermum pedunculare
laevigata L. = Athanasia dentata
armata Vahl = Berkheya armata
?pinnata Donn = Lasiospermum pedunculare
bisulca Thunb. = Cullumia bisulca
pubescens L. = Athanasia pubescens
carlinoides Vahl = Berkheya carlinoides
squarrosa L. = Oedera squarrosa
cuneata Thunb. = Berkheya cuneata
trifurcata L. = Athanasia trifurcata
decurrens Thunb. = Berkheya decurrens
palmata Thunb. = Heterorhachis aculeata SCHISTOSTEPHIUM Less. 9356000
patula Thunb. = Cullumia patula subsp. patula Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
pectinata Thunb. = Cullumia pectinata (1) Baker. 1897. Kew Bulletin 1897: 270.
(2) Hutchinson. 1916. Kew Bulletin 1916: 99–104.
spinosissima Thunb. = Berkheya spinosissima subsp. (3) Compton. 1935. Journal of South African Botany 1: 71–74.
spinosissima (4) Hutchinson. 1946. A botanist in southern Africa: 347.
(5) Bremer. 1977. Botaniska Notiser 130: 493–497.
sulcata Thunb. = Cullumia sulcata var. sulcata (6) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 357–360.
ROSENIA Thunb. emended 9051000 Museum, Botany 23: 160.
K.Bremer argyreum (DC.) Fenzl ex Harv. = S. flabelliforme
Compiled by M. Koekemoer artemisiifolium Baker
(1) Bremer. 1976. Botaniska Notiser 129: 97–111. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 1180–1830 m. LIM,
angustifolia Compton = R. oppositifolia M
glandulosa Thunb. crataegifolium (DC.) Fenzl ex Harv.
S. villosum Hutch. (6, 7)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.7 m. Alt 600–1200 m. WC Tanacetum consanguineum DC. (6)
humilis (Less.) K.Bremer Tanacetum crataegifolium DC. (2, 6)
Nestlera conferta DC. (1) Perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht 0.22–1.2 m. Alt 300–
Nestlera dinteri Muschl. ex Dinter (1) 2950 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
Nestlera humilis Less. (1)
Nestlera incana Dinter ex Merxm. (1) flabelliforme Less.
Nestlera muriculata DC. (1) S. argyreum (DC.) Fenzl ex Harv. (2)
Nestlera oppositifolia DC. (1) Tanacetum argyreum DC. (2)
Nestlera rosenioides Hutch. ex Compton (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1 m. Alt 300–1465 m. EC
R. nestleroides Compton (1)
griseum (Harv.) Hutch.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.01–1.06 m. Alt 300–1500 m. N, Tanacetum griseum Harv. (2, 6)
B, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.22–0.75 m. Alt 300–1300 m. M,
nestleroides Compton = R. humilis S, KZN, EC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Rhynchopsidium

heptalobum (DC.) Oliv. & Hiern (20) Hutchinson & Burtt Davy. 1936. Kew Bulletin 1: 81, 82.
S. saxicola Hutch. (6, 7) (21) Dyer. 1937. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 17: tt. 662,
Tanacetum heptalobum DC. (2, 6) 663.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 5–2300 m. LIM, (22) Dyer. 1938. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 18: t. 696.
(23) Henderson. 1957. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1254.
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC (24) Compton. 1967. Journal of South African Botany 33: 300–304.
hippiifolium (DC.) Hutch. (25) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 104–107, 162–173.
Tanacetum hippiifolium DC. (2, 6) (26) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 387–502, 639, 640.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1.4 m. Alt 120–1830 m. M, (27) Hilliard & Burtt. 1979. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
Edinburgh 37: 295.
KZN, EC (28) Nordenstam. 1980. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
radicale Killick & C.Claassen = Cotula radicalis München Beiheft 16: 29.
rotundifolium (DC.) Fenzl ex Harv. Edinburgh 40: 271–274.
Tanacetum rotundifolium DC. (2, 6) (30) Hilliard & Burtt. 1985. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.6 m. Alt 2–2000 m. M, S, Edinburgh 42: 233–238.
KZN, EC (31) Wijnands. 1985. Taxon 34: 311.
saxicola Hutch. = S. heptalobum Edinburgh 43: 198, 199.
scandens Hutch. (33) Hilliard & Burtt. 1986. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
Edinburgh 43: 352, 353.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 5 m. Alt? LIM (34) Jeffrey. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 873–943.
umbellatum (L.f.) Bremer & Humphries (35) Bruyns. 1992. South African Journal of Botany 58: 50–55.
Cotula umbellata L.f. (7) (36) Jeffrey. 1992. Kew Bulletin 47: 49–109.
Peyrousea argentea Compton (5) (37) Rowley. 1994. Succulent Compositae: 1–238.
Peyrousea calycina DC. (5) (38) Smith et al. 1999. Flowering Plants of Africa 56: t. 2159,
Peyrousea oxylepis DC. (5) 110–114, t. 2160, 116–120.
Peyrousea umbellata (L.f.) Fourc. (7) (39) Manning & Goldblatt. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 356–363.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–2 m. Alt 0–1500 m. WC, abbreviatus S.Moore
EC Perennial. Creeper, prostrate, succulent. Length 0.1–
villosum Hutch. = S. crataegifolium 0.3 m. Alt? NC, WC
abrotanoides E.Mey. = S. pinnatifidus
*SCHKUHRIA Roth 9291000
abruptus Thunb.
Compiled by N. Netnou S. heteroclinius DC. (1)
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 326, 327. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 5–1950 m. NC, WC
bonariensis Hook. & Arn. = S. pinnata acaulis (L.f.) Sch.Bip.
pinnata (Lam.) Cabrera Cacalia acaulis L.f. (37)
S. bonariensis Hook. & Arn. (1) Kleinia acaulis (L.f.) DC. (37)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 5–2125 m. N, B, Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 30–? m.
LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC N, NC, WC, EC
achilleifolius DC.
SCLEROCARPUS Jacq. 9169000 S. achilleifolius DC. var. glanduloso-scaber Thell. (26)
S. achilleifolius DC. var. glaucescens (DC.) Harv. (26)
(1) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 161, 162. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
africanus Jacq. ex Murray achilleifolius DC. var. glanduloso-scaber Thell. = S.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt up to 900 m. N, B achilleifolius
SENECIO L. 9411000 achilleifolius DC. var. glaucescens (DC.) Harv. = S.
achilleifolius
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 346–408. acutifolius DC.
(2) MacOwan. 1869. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 10: 480– Perennial. Shrub, shrublet. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 450–
482. 1370 m. NC, EC
(3) Bentham. 1876. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum: t. 114.
(4) Bolus. 1887. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 22: 177. addoensis Compton
(5) Klatt. 1896. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 4: 469, 840–842. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? EC
(6) Schlechter. 1900. Botanische Jahrbücher 27: 211. adenocalyx Dinter = S. radicans
(7) Brown. 1906. Kew Bulletin 1906: 22.
(8) Muschler. 1909. Botanische Jahrbücher 43: 59, 60. adnatus DC.
(9) Hutchinson. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum 9: 398, 399. S. pauciligulatus R.A.Dyer & C.A.Sm. (26)
(10) Moore. 1917. Journal of Botany, London 55: 124. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 160–2440 m. LIM,
(11) Moore. 1918. Journal of Botany, London 56: 7, 8. M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
(12) Moore. 1921. Journal of Botany, London 59: 231.
(13) Hutchinson. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 83. adnatus DC. var. monactis Sch.Bip. = S. humidanus
(14) Mattfeld. 1924. Botanische Jahrbücher 59, Beiblatt 133: 24.
affinis DC.
Hertia natalensis O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze (26)
S. albanensis DC. var. leiophyllus Harv. (26)
(17) Dyer. 1931. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 11: tt. 424,
S. albanensis DC. var. pseudodecurrens Thell. (26)
434.
S. paucicephalus R.A.Dyer (26)
(18) Compton. 1934. Journal of Botany, London 72: 48, 49.
(19) Fourcade. 1934. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 155–2250 m. LIM,
Africa 21: 87–89. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
ASTERACEAE Schistostephium DICOTYLEDONS

agapetes C.Jeffrey archeri (Compton) H.Jacobsen = S. toxotis

S. amabilis DC. (36)
arenarius Thunb.
Annual. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.35–1.15 m. Alt 25–2000 m. S. cakilefolius DC. var. hispidulus Thell. (25)
WC S. elegans Thunb. (1)
S. myrrhifolius Thunb. (1)
aizoides (DC.) Sch.Bip. S. volkameri Sch.Bip. (1)
Kleinia aizoides DC. (21)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 45–840 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.75 m. Alt 10–1340 m. N,
m. WC, EC NC, WC
albanensis DC. var. albanensis arniciflorus DC.
S. leiocarpus DC. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 10–
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 915–2130 m. LIM, 300 m. WC
G, M, S, FS articulatus (L.) Sch.Bip.
Kleinia articulata (L.) Haw. (39)
albanensis DC. var. doroniciflorus (DC.) Harv.
S. doroniciflorus DC. (26) Perennial. Shrublet, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 30–
S. fibrosus O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze (26) 685 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 15–1675 m. KZN, aschersonianus Muschl. ex Dinter = Anisopappus pin-
L, WC, EC natifidus
albanensis DC. var. leiophyllus Harv. = S. affinis asper Aiton = S. rosmarinifolius
albanensis DC. var. pseudodecurrens Thell. = S. affinis asperulus DC.
albanopsis Hilliard Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.75 m. Alt 515–2590 m. G,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 5–900 m. KZN, EC M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
albifolius DC. austromontanus Hilliard
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt ?–2135 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 2350–2670 m.
albo-punctatus Bolus KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ?–1000 m. NC avasimontanus Dinter = Lopholaena cneorifolia
alliariifolius O.Hoffm. barbatus DC.
Perennial. Shrub, shrublet. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt S. thyrsoideus DC. (26)
140–1000 m. N Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 600–3000 m.
aloides DC. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
Othonna rhopalophylla Dinter (25) barbertonicus Klatt
S. rhopalophyllus (Dinter) Merxm. (25) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.8 m. Alt 35–
Perennial. Shrub, shrublet, succulent. Ht 0.35–0.75 m. 1675 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
Alt 5–640 m. N, NC, WC basalticus Hilliard
amabilis DC. = S. agapetes Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 2520–2560 m.
anapetes C.Jeffrey KZN
S. expansus Harv. (36) basutensis Thell. (1911) = S. subcoriaceus
S. lyratus DC. (36)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt ?– basutensis Thell. (1921) = S. umgeniensis
1585 m. WC baurii Oliv.
angulatus L.f. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.35 m. Alt 1065–2135 m.
S. macropodus DC. (1) KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, climber, ± succulent. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. bellis Harv.
Alt 5–700 m. WC, EC Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? EC
angustifolius (Thunb.) Willd. bipinnatus (Thunb.) Less.
Jacobaea angustifolia Thunb. (1) Cacalia bipinnata Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Shrublet, herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 10–1020 S. quinqueflorus DC. (1)
m. NC, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 245–1675 m. WC
anomalochrous Hilliard blattarioides DC. = S. oxyodontus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 1050–2420 m. G, M, bolusii Oliv. = Phaneroglossa bolusii
FS, KZN brachyglossus Turcz. = S. glutinosus
anthemifolius Harv. brachypodus DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? WC S. natalensis Sch.Bip. (26)
apiifolius (DC.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex O.Hoffm. Perennial. Shrub, scandent, ± succulent. Ht 0.5–4.5 m.
S. peculiaris Dinter (25) Alt 5–1400 m. S, KZN, EC
S. sisymbriifolius Dinter, not of DC., concept invalid (25)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 460–1525 m. N, B, brevidentatus M.D.Hend.
LIM, NW, G, FS, NC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 600–2250 m. FS,
KZN, EC
aquifoliaceus DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? WC brevilimbus S.Moore = S. flavus
arabidifolius O.Hoffm. brevilorus Hilliard
KZN, L, EC KZN
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Senecio

breviscapus (DC.) Sch.Bip. = S. cicatricosus cernuus L.f. = Crassocephalum rubens

breyeri S.Moore = S. polyodon var. polyodon chamaemelifolius DC. = S. diffusus
bryoniifolius Harv. chrysocoma Meerb.
Perennial. Herb, climber, ± succulent. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt S. graminifolius Jacq. (26)
S. paniculatus J.M.Wood, not of P.J.Bergius, concept invalid (26)
5–1065 m. S, KZN, EC S. paniculatus P.J.Bergius var. reclinatus (L.f.) Harv. (26)
bulbinifolius DC. Biennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 60–900 m.
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt ?–730 KZN, WC, EC
m. N, NC, WC cicatricosus Sch.Bip.
bupleuriformis Sch.Bip. = S. glaberrimus Kleinia breviscapa DC. (37)
S. breviscapus (DC.) Sch.Bip. (37)
bupleuroides DC.
S. bupleuroides DC. var. denticulatus DC. (26) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? WC
S. bupleuroides DC. var. falcatus Sch.Bip. (26) cinerascens Aiton
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.75 m. Alt 75–1500 m. M, Cineraria seminuda Klatt (25)
S, KZN, EC S. namaquanus Bolus (25)
S. tomentosus Salisb. (1)
bupleuroides DC. var. denticulatus DC. = S. bupleu- Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 305–
roides 2000 m. N, NC, WC
bupleuroides DC. var. falcatus Sch.Bip. = S. bupleu- cissampelinus (DC.) Sch.Bip. = Mikaniopsis cissam-
roides pelina
bupleuroides DC. var. latifolius Harv. = S. glaberrimus citriceps Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
burchellii DC. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.55 m. Alt 1800–2335 m.
S. dracunculoides DC. (39) KZN, EC
citriformis G.D.Rowley
1750 m. NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt? N,
burchellii DC. in part = S. inaequidens WC
burchellii of authors, not of DC., concept invalid = S. colensoensis O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze = S. scoparius
madagascariensis
coleophyllus Turcz.
byrnensis Hilliard Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.8 m. Alt 205–1525 m. WC
concolor DC. = S. speciosus
EC
cacteaeformis Klatt = Othonna graveolens concolor DC. var. subglaber O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze = S.
polyodon var. subglaber
cakilefolius DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 460–1145 m. N, conrathii N.E.Br.
S. pachythelis E.Phillips & C.A.Sm. (26)
NC, WC
cakilefolius DC. var. hispidulus Thell. = S. arenarius M, S, FS, KZN, EC
calamifolius Hook. = S. scaposus
consanguineus DC.
caloneotes Hilliard Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 915–2000 m. N, B,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 2700–3300 m. LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN?, NC
KZN, L, EC
cordifolius L.f.
canalipes DC. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 550–1220 m. WC
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht? Alt? EC
cornu-cervi MacOwan
cardaminifolius DC. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–0.75 m. Alt? EC
coronatus (Thunb.) Harv.
WC Cineraria coronata Thunb. (1)
carnosus Thunb. S. lasiorhizoides Sch.Bip. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 5–95 m. EC S. lasiorhizus DC. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt 60–2400 m. B,
carroensis DC. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
corymbiferus DC. = S. sarcoides
cathcartensis O.Hoffm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1480–2440 m. FS, cotyledonis DC.
KZN, L, EC Perennial. Shrublet, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 305–
1370 m. N, NC, WC, EC
caudatus DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.7 m. Alt 460–2470 m. crassiusculus DC.
S. pinnulatus Sieber (1)
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, ± succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6
caulopterus DC. = S. inornatus m. Alt 30–1065 m. WC, EC
caulopterus Harv., not of DC., concept invalid = S. sco- crassulaefolius (DC.) Sch.Bip.
parius Kleinia crassulaefolia DC. (37)
cephalophorus (Compton) H.Jacobsen = Kleinia Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 30–1675
cephalophora m. NC, WC, EC
ASTERACEAE Senecio DICOTYLEDONS

crenatus Thunb. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 765–1340 m. KZN,

Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.45–1 m. Alt 20– EC
640 m. WC, EC dregeanus DC. var. discoideus DC. = S. discodregea-
crenulatus DC. nus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–610 m. WC?, EC dumosus Fourc.
crispus Thunb. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.5 m. Alt? WC
S. sulcatus DC. (1) durbanensis Gand. = S. deltoideus
ecklonianus DC. = S. spiraeifolius
cristimontanus Hilliard eenii (S.Moore) Merxm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 1950–2435 m. Cineraria eenii S.Moore (25)
KZN S. lentior S.Moore (25)
S. rautaneni S.Moore (25)
cryphiactis O.Hoffm.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? N, B Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 245–1650 m. N, B,
NC
cryptolanatus Killick
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 2200–3355 m. elegans L.
S. elegans Willd. (1)
KZN, L, EC S. pseudo-elegans Less. (1)
cupulatus Volkens & Muschl. = S. microglossus Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 5–200 m. WC, EC
curtophyllus Klatt = S. tysonii elegans Thunb. = S. arenarius
cymbalarifolius (Thunb.) Less. = S. hastifolius elegans Willd. = S. elegans
debilis Harv. = S. infirmus eminens Compton
decurrens DC. S
Biennial? Herb. Ht 0.75–1.35 m. Alt 305–2350 m. M,
KZN, L, EC engleranus O.Hoffm.
deltoideus Less. 300 m. N
Cacalia scandens Aiton (26)
Mikania auriculata (Lam.) Willd. (26) eriobasis DC.
S. durbanensis Gand. (26) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 365–1450 m. NC,
S. fimbrillifer B.L.Rob. (26)
S. mikaniae DC. (1)
WC
S. mikaniiformis DC. (1) erosus L.f.
Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht 1.5–2.5 m. Alt 10–1900 Cineraria crenata Spreng. (1)
m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Doria incisa Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 15–1770 m. NC,
dieterlenii E.Phillips = S. rhomboideus WC
diffusus Thunb.
S. chamaemelifolius DC. (1) erubescens Aiton var. crepidifolius DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–1065 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 760–2865 m. LIM,
digitalifolius DC.
erubescens Aiton var. crepidifolius Harv., not of DC.,
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 765–2040 m. LIM,
concept invalid = S. variabilis
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, EC
erubescens Aiton var. dichotomus DC.
dinteri Muschl. ex Dinter = Emilia ambifaria Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 5–2835 m. LIM,
diodon DC. M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? WC erubescens Aiton var. erubescens
discodregeanus Hilliard & B.L.Burtt S. erubescens Aiton var. lyratus Harv. (26)
S. dregeanus DC. var. discoideus DC. (26) S. vernonioides Sch.Bip. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 50–2375 m. G, M, S, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 50–2075 m. WC,
FS, KZN, L, EC EC
dissidens Fourc. erubescens Aiton var. incisus DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–2 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 10–365 m. KZN,
EC
dissimulans Hilliard
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1900–2900 m. FS, erubescens Aiton var. lyratus Harv. = S. erubescens var.
KZN, L, EC erubescens
diversidentatus Muschl. = S. inornatus erysimoides DC.
diversifolius Harv.
WC
WC euryopoides DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt ?–1700 m. WC
doroniciflorus DC. = S. albanensis var. doroniciflorus
evansii N.E.Br. = Heteromma decurrens
dracunculoides DC. = S. burchellii
evelynae Muschl.
drakensbergis Klatt = S. sandersonii Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–1.3 m. Alt 1280–1465
dregeanus DC. m. M

expansus Harv. = S. anapetes gramineus Harv.

exuberans R.A.Dyer Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 1400–3275 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1.2–1.5 m. Alt ?–305 m. KZN KZN, L, WC, EC
fibrosus O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze = S. albanensis var. doro- graminicolus C.A.Sm. = S. retrorsus
niciflorus graminifolius Jacq. = S. chrysocoma
ficoides (L.) Sch.Bip. grandiflorus P.J.Bergius
Kleinia ficoides (L.) Haw. (37) S. pauciflorus Thunb. (1)
S. venustus Aiton (1)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 155–
1400 m. NC, WC, EC
gregatus Hilliard
filifolius Harv. = S. mitophyllus S. serratuloides DC. var. dieterlenii Thell. (33)
filipes Turcz. = S. matricariifolius S. serratuloides DC. var. gracilis Harv. (33)
S. serratuloides DC. var. holubii Thell. (33)
fimbrillifer B.L.Rob. = S. deltoideus S. serratuloides DC. var. rehmannii Thell. (33)
flanaganii E.Phillips Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 1400–2135 m. LIM,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1950–2135 m. FS, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN
KZN gyrophyllus Klatt = S. macrocephalus
flavus (Decne.) Sch.Bip. halimifolius L.
Crassocephalum flavum Decne. (25) S. populifolius L. (1)
S. brevilimbus S.Moore (25) S. sessilis Thunb. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.55 m. Alt 1100–1465 m. N, S. solidagineus Spreng. (1)
NC S. solidaginoides P.J.Bergius (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.7 m. Alt 5–765 m. WC, EC
foeniculoides Harv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? WC hallianus G.D.Rowley
fraudulentus E.Phillips & C.A.Sm. = S. inornatus Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 800–
1400 m. WC, EC
fulgens (Hook.f.) G.Nicholson = Kleinia fulgens
harveianus MacOwan
galpinii (Hook.f.) H.Jacobsen = Kleinia galpinii S. vimineus Harv., not of DC., concept invalid (26)
galpinii (Hook.f.) Hook.f. = Kleinia galpinii Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 765–
gerrardii Harv. 3290 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 760–2200 m. LIM, hastatus L.
NW, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC S. hastulatus L. (26)
giessii Merxm. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt 45–3200 m. FS,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt? N, NC KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
glaberrimus DC. hastifolius (L.f.) Less.
S. bupleuriformis Sch.Bip. (26) Cineraria cymbalarifolia Thunb. (1)
S. bupleuroides DC. var. latifolius Harv. (26) Cineraria hastifolia L.f. (1)
S. inophyllus E.Phillips & C.A.Sm. (26) S. cymbalarifolius (Thunb.) Less. (39)
S. kuntzei O.Hoffm. (26) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 5–1000 m. WC
S. swaziensis Compton (26) hastulatus L. = S. hastatus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 5–2700 m. G, M, S,
haworthii (Sweet) Sch.Bip.
FS, KZN, L, EC Kleinia haworthii (Sweet) DC. (37)
glabrifolius DC. Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 905–1220 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 780–1615 m. NC, NC, WC, EC
WC haygarthii Hilliard
glanduloso-lanosus Thell. Cineraria montana Bolus (26)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 915–1295 m. Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.75–1 m. Alt 1370–2440
KZN, EC m. KZN, L
glanduloso-pilosus Volkens & Muschl. heliopsis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 1115–2075 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1060–2250 m. M,
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN KZN, EC
glastifolius L.f. helminthioides (Sch.Bip.) Hilliard
S. quinquelobus (Thunb.) DC. var. helminthioides Sch.Bip. (26)
1090 m. WC, EC Perennial. Herb, climber, ± succulent. Ht 2.5–4.5 m.
Alt 5–1525 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
glutinarius DC.
S. glutinosus E.Mey. (1) hermannii B.Nord.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 5–50 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? N
glutinosus E.Mey. = S. glutinarius herreianus Dinter
Perennial. Herb, prostrate, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.05 m.
glutinosus Thunb. Alt? N
S. brachyglossus Turcz. (1)
S. inamoenus DC. (1) heteroclinius DC. = S. abruptus
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 5–1920 m. N, NC, WC, hieracioides DC.
EC S. johannesburgensis S.Moore (26)

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 1000–3050 m. S. serra Sond. (26)

NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC S. sneeuwbergensis Bolus (26)
hirsutilobus Hilliard NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
KZN, EC intricatus S.Moore
hirtellus DC. 1220 m. FS, NC, EC
Annual, occ. perennial? Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt?
EC iosensis G.D.Rowley = S. sulcicalyx
hirtifolius DC. isatideus DC.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt? EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 365–2650 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
hochstetteri Sch.Bip. ex A.Rich.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? LIM isatideus DC. var. macrophyllus Thell. = S. isatidioides
hollandii Compton isatidioides E.Phillips & C.A.Sm.
S. isatideus DC. var. macrophyllus Thell. (26)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 365–860 m. WC, S. macrophyllus E.Phillips (26)
EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–2.4 m. Alt 1065–2135 m.
holubii Hutch. & Burtt Davy LIM, M, S, FS, KZN
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? NW johannesburgensis S.Moore = S. hieracioides
hookerianus H.Jacobsen = Kleinia fulgens junceus (DC.) Harv.
humidanus C.Jeffrey Brachyrhynchos junceus DC. (1)
S. adnatus DC. var. monactis Sch.Bip. (26) Perennial. Shrub, herb, succulent. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt
S. hygrophilus R.A.Dyer & C.A.Sm. (36) 15–1370 m. NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.7–1 m. Alt 765–2425 m. S, juniperinus L.f. var. epitrachys (DC.) Harv.
KZN, L, EC S. polyanthemus DC. var. epitrachys DC. (26)
hygrophilus R.A.Dyer & C.A.Sm. = S. humidanus Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1370–1645 m.
KZN, EC
hypochoerideus DC.
S. prionites MacOwan (26) juniperinus L.f. var. juniperinus.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.9 m. Alt 1705–3325 m. FS, Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 45–2010 m.
KZN, L, EC WC, EC
ilicifolius L. junodianus O.Hoffm. = S. madagascariensis
S. quercifolius Thunb. (1) junodii Hutch. & Burtt Davy
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 5–700 m. WC, Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 1052–2180
EC m. LIM, M
inaequidens DC. kalingenwae Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
S. burchellii DC. in part (26)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1000–2850 m. LIM, KZN
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
klinghardtianus Dinter = S. sulcicalyx
inamoenus DC. = S. glutinosus
kuntzei O.Hoffm. = S. glaberrimus
incertus DC. = S. tuberosus laevigatus Thunb. var. integrifolius Harv.
incisus Thunb. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 915–1690 m. LIM,
S. phalachrolaenus DC. (1) G, M, FS
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 60–?
m. WC laevigatus Thunb. var. laevigatus
S. plebeius DC. (1)
incomptus DC. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 15–350 m. WC, EC
S. serratus E.Mey. (1)
lanatus Thunb. = Cineraria tomentosa
1220–1615 m. EC lanceus Aiton
Perennial/biennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2.5 m. Alt 5–1525
inconstans DC. = S. repandus m. KZN, WC, EC
infirmus C.Jeffrey lancifolius Turcz. = S. pellucidus
S. debilis Harv. (36)
Perennial. Shrublet, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? WC, EC lasiorhizoides Sch.Bip. = S. coronatus
ingeliensis Hilliard lasiorhizus DC. = S. coronatus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1850–2500 m. laticipes Bruyns
KZN, L, EC Perennial. Shrublet, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 250–
inophyllus E.Phillips & C.A.Sm. = S. glaberrimus 600 m. NC, WC
inornatus DC. latifolius DC.
S. caulopterus DC. (26) S. sceleratus Schweick. (26)
S. diversidentatus Muschl. (26) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 245–1700 m. LIM,
S. fraudulentus E.Phillips & C.A.Sm. (26) NW, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
S. lygodes Hiern (34)
S. macroalatus M.D.Hend. (26) latifolius DC. var. barbellatus (DC.) Harv. = S. retror-
S. ommanei S.Moore (26) sus

latifolius DC. var. retrorsus (DC.) Harv. = S. retrorsus macowanii Hilliard

S. prionites MacOwan var. laxus MacOwan (30)
latissimifolius S.Moore
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? M
KZN, EC
launayaefolius O.Hoffm. = S. paucicalyculatus
macroalatus M.D.Hend. = S. inornatus
laxus DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 75–915 m. NC, macrocephalus DC.
S. gyrophyllus Klatt (26)
WC
leiocarpus DC. = S. albanensis var. albanensis M, FS, KZN, L, EC
lentior S.Moore = S. eenii macroglossoides Hilliard
leptocephalus Mattf. Perennial. Herb, climber, ± succulent. Ht 0.5–1.8 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? B Alt 5–1675 m. M, KZN, EC
leptophyllus DC. macroglossus DC.
Perennial. Shrub, shrublet, herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 550– Perennial. Herb, climber, ± succulent. Ht 0.75–2.45 m.
1830 m. NC, WC, EC Alt 15–915 m. M, KZN, EC
lessingii Harv. macrophyllus E.Phillips = S. isatidioides
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC
macropodus DC. = S. angulatus
leucoglossus Sond.
macrospermus DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt? WC
limosus O.Hoffm. = Emilia limosa KZN, L, EC
lineatus (L.f.) DC.
Cineraria lineata L.f. (1) madagascariensis Poir.
S. burchellii of authors, not of DC., concept invalid (26)
S. persicifolius Burm. (1)
S. junodianus O.Hoffm. (26)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 20–1370 m. S. ruderalis Harv. (26)
WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 5–1830 m. M, S,
linifolius L. KZN, WC, EC
Cineraria filifolius Thunb. (1)
S. longifolius L. (31) madagascariensis Poir. var. crassifolius Humbert = S.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt 20–1700 m. L, EC skirrhodon
litorosus Fourc. marginalis Hilliard
Perennial. Herb, ± succulent. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 5–30 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 1585–2135 m. KZN
m. WC, EC maritimus L.
littoreus Thunb. var. hispidulus Harv. Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 2–15 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 10–100 m. WC WC
littoreus Thunb. var. littoreus marlothianus O.Hoffm. = Emilia marlothiana
S. ustulatus DC. (1) matricariifolius DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 10–100 m. WC S. filipes Turcz. (1)
lobelioides DC. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 185–1065 m. WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt ?–130 m. WC mauricei Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
longiflorus (DC.) Sch.Bip. = Kleinia longiflora Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1675–2440 m.
KZN
longifolius L. = S. linifolius
maydae Merxm.
longipedunculatus Dinter = S. maydae S. longipedunculatus Dinter (25)
lycopodioides Schltr. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 350–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 75– 1200 m. N, NC
185 m. WC mbuluzensis Compton
lydenburgensis Hutch. & Burtt Davy Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 765–1525 m. M, S,
Hertia kuntzei O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze (26) KZN
S. verdoorniae R.A.Dyer (26)
medley-woodii Hutch.
G, M, FS, KZN
800 m. M, S, KZN
lygodes Hiern = S. inornatus
membranifolius DC. = S. repandus
lyratus DC. = S. anapetes
metallicorum S.Moore = S. polyodon var. polyodon
lyratus L.f.
S. lyratus Thunb. (1) microglossus DC.
S. variifolius DC. (1) S. cupulatus Volkens & Muschl. (26)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 90–1615 m. Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1.3 m. Alt 305–1830 m.
WC, EC LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
lyratus L.f. var. subcanescens (DC.) Harv. = S. sub- microspermus DC.
canescens Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? EC
lyratus Thunb. = S. lyratus mikaniae DC. = S. deltoideus

mikaniiformis DC. = S. deltoideus othonniflorus DC.

Brachyrhynchos eupatorioides Less. (1)
mikanioides Otto ex Harv. = Delairea odorata Doria denticulata Thunb. (1)
mimetes Hutch. & R.A.Dyer Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 45–2865 m. LIM,
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 15–1220 m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
WC, EC othonniformis Fourc. = S. ruwenzoriensis
mitophyllus C.Jeffrey ovoideus (Compton) H.Jacobsen
S. filifolius Harv. (36) Kleinia ovoidea Compton (37)
Perennial. Shrublet, herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 30–765 m. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? WC
WC
oxyodontus DC.
mlilwanensis Compton S. blattarioides DC. (26)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–1.8 m. Alt 1065–1370 m. S S. zeyheri Turcz. (26)
momordicifolius Dinter & Muschl. = Cineraria canes- Perennial. Shrub, herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt
cens 100–1675 m. KZN, EC
monticola DC. oxyriifolius DC.
S. orbicularis Sond. ex Harv. (26)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 2000–3070 m. EC S. peltatus DC. (26)
mooreanus Hutch. & Burtt Davy S. peltiformis DC. (26)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.75 m. Alt 1435–2200 m. S. subnudus DC. (26)
S. subpeltatus Steud. (26)
LIM, NW, M, FS, KZN
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 15–2400
mucronatus (Thunb.) Willd. m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
Jacobaea mucronata Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? NC, WC paarlensis DC.
mucronulatus Sch.Bip. = S. purpureus
pachythelis E.Phillips & C.A.Sm. = S. conrathii
muirii L.Bolus
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? NC, paludaffinis Hilliard
WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.35–0.75 m. Alt 1370–2440 m. S,
KZN
multibracteatus Harv.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 245– panduratus (Thunb.) Less.
Cineraria pandurata Thunb. (1)
1525 m. EC
multicaulis DC. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? WC
pandurifolius Harv. = S. panduriformis
muricatus Thunb.
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? WC panduriformis Hilliard
S. pandurifolius Harv. (26)
myrrhifolius Thunb. = S. arenarius Biennial? Herb. Ht 0.9–2.4 m. Alt 600–1980 m. LIM,
namaquanus Bolus = S. cinerascens M, S, KZN, EC
napifolius MacOwan paniculatus J.M.Wood, not of P.J.Bergius, concept
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.35–0.75 m. Alt 760–2100 m. FS, invalid = S. chrysocoma
KZN, EC paniculatus P.J.Bergius
natalensis Sch.Bip. = S. brachypodus Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 15–1675 m.
natalicola Hilliard NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 275–365 m. KZN, paniculatus P.J.Bergius var. reclinatus (L.f.) Harv. = S.
EC chrysocoma
ngoyanus Hilliard parascitus Hilliard
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 5–460 m. KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 2000–3000 m.
niveus (Thunb.) Willd. KZN, L
Gutenbergia rangei Muschl. ex Dinter (25) parentalis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Jacobaea nivea Thunb. (25) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1800–2165 m.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt KZN
365–1650 m. N, NC, WC, EC
parvifolius DC.
odontopterus DC. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.75 m. Alt 765–
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt? WC 1325 m. NC, WC
oederiifolius DC. paucicalyculatus Klatt
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt S. launayaefolius O.Hoffm. (26)
15–990 m. WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–1 m. Alt 1065–2560 m. M,
oliganthus DC. = S. pauciflosculosus FS, KZN, L
ommanei S.Moore = S. inornatus paucicephalus R.A.Dyer = S. affinis
orbicularis Sond. ex Harv. = S. oxyriifolius pauciflorus Thunb. = S. grandiflorus
oreophilus Muschl. ex Dinter = Anisopappus pinnati- pauciflosculosus C.Jeffrey
fidus S. oliganthus DC. (36)

Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 365–1525 m. polyanthemoides Sch.Bip.

WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 40–1800 m. LIM,
paucifolius DC. = S. ruwenzoriensis NW, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
pauciligulatus R.A.Dyer & C.A.Sm. = S. adnatus polyanthemus DC. var. epitrachys DC. = S. juniperinus
pearsonii Hutch. var. epitrachys
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? NC polyodon DC. var. polyodon
S. breyeri S.Moore (26)
peculiaris Dinter = S. apiifolius S. metallicorum S.Moore (26)
pedicularifolius DC. = S. spiraeifolius S. versicolor Hiern (26)
pellucidus DC. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 230–3100 m. G, M,
S. lancifolius Turcz. (1) S, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? EC polyodon DC. var. subglaber (Kuntze) Hilliard &
peltatus DC. = S. oxyriifolius B.L.Burtt
S. concolor DC. var. subglaber O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze (26)
peltiformis DC. = S. oxyriifolius
penninervius DC. FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? EC
populifolius L. = S. halimifolius
pentactinus Klatt
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 490–1850 m. poseideonis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
LIM, NW, G, M Biennial? Herb. Ht 0.7–1.3 m. Alt 915–1295 m. KZN,
EC
persicifolius Burm. = S. lineatus
praeteritus Killick
persicifolius L. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.45 m. Alt 650–2250 m.
Jacobaea persicifolia Thunb. (1)
KZN, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt? WC
prionites MacOwan = S. hypochoerideus
petiolaris DC.
Doria undulata Thunb. (1) prionites MacOwan var. laxus MacOwan = S. macowa-
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt ?–1645 m. WC nii
phalachrolaenus DC. = S. incisus prostratus Klatt
phonolithicus Dinter = S. sarcoides Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 1770–2270 m. EC
picridifolius DC. = Crassocephalum ×picridifolium pseudo-elegans Less. = S. elegans
pillansii Levyns pseudo-rhyncholaenus Thell. excl. var. auriculatus
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 15–155 m. WC Thell. = S. subrubriflorus
pinguifolius (DC.) Sch.Bip. pseudo-rhyncholaenus Thell. var. auriculatus Thell. = S.
Kleinia pinguifolia DC. (37) rhyncholaenus
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 540–800
pseudo-sceptrum Steud. = S. spiraeifolius
m. N, NC
pterophorus DC.
pinifolius (L.) Lam. S. pterophorus DC. var. apterus Harv. (26)
Cineraria laricifolia Lam. (1)
Inula pinifolia L. (1) Annual. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 15–1980 m.
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 45–2490 m. KZN, L, WC, EC
WC, EC pterophorus DC. var. apterus Harv. = S. pterophorus
pinnatifidus (P.J.Bergius) Less. puberulus DC.
Cacalia pinnatifida P.J.Bergius (1) Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 5–
Doria bipinnata Thunb. (1) 700 m. EC
S. abrotanoides E.Mey. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 955– pubigerus L.
S. squamosus Thunb. (1)
1675 m. WC
pinnulatus Sieber = S. crassiusculus 1585 m. WC
pinnulatus Thunb.
S. scabriusculus DC. (1) pullus Klatt (1896) = S. umgeniensis
Annual or perennial. Shrublet, herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt purpureus L.
15–1890 m. NC, WC S. mucronulatus Sch.Bip. (26)
piptocoma O.Hoffm.
WC, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 5–1400 m. N, NC,
WC pyramidatus DC.
plebeius DC. = S. laevigatus var. laevigatus Perennial. Shrub, shrublet, succulent. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt
20–550 m. EC
pleistocephalus S.Moore
Perennial. Shrub, scandent, ± succulent. Ht 0.75–4.75 qathlambanus Hilliard
m. Alt 50–1475 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 2300–3275 m.
KZN, L, EC
polelensis Hilliard
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 2040–2370 m. quercifolius Thunb. = S. ilicifolius
KZN quinqueflorus DC. = S. bipinnatus

quinquelobus (Thunb.) DC. ruwenzoriensis S.Moore

Cacalia quinqueloba Thunb. (1) S. othonniformis Fourc. (26)
Perennial. Herb, climber, ± succulent. Ht 1–4 m. Alt S. paucifolius DC. (26)
10–1370 m. KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 85–
quinquelobus (Thunb.) DC. var. helminthioides Sch.Bip. 2850 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC,
= S. helminthioides EC
quinquenervius Sond. sandersonii Harv.
S. drakensbergis Klatt (26)
Perennial. Shrublet, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt ?–1675 m. KZN
radicans (L.f.) Sch.Bip.
Kleinia radicans (L.f.) Haw. (26) saniensis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
S. adenocalyx Dinter (25) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.45 m. Alt 2865–3135 m.
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 20– KZN, L
1900 m. N, LIM, G, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC sarcoides C.Jeffrey
rautaneni S.Moore = S. eenii S. corymbiferus DC. (39)
S. phonolithicus Dinter (25)
rehmannii Bolus S. succulentus DC. (36)
Perennial. Shrublet, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 100–550 Perennial. Shrub, shrublet, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt
m. WC 5–1005 m. N, NC, WC
repandus Thunb. scabriusculus DC. = S. pinnulatus
S. inconstans DC. (1)
S. membranifolius DC. (1) scandens DC. = Delairea odorata
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 160–2165 m. NC, scapiflorus (L’Hér.) C.A.Sm.
WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 30–1310 m. NC,
reptans Turcz. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 915–1615 m. scaposus DC.
NW, FS, NC, EC S. calamifolius Hook. (1)
retortus (DC.) Benth. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 20–670
Felicia retorta DC. (3) m. WC, EC
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt? WC
sceleratus Schweick. = S. latifolius
retrorsus DC.
S. graminicolus C.A.Sm. (26) schinzii O.Hoffm. = Emilia ambifaria
S. latifolius DC. var. barbellatus (DC.) Harv. (26) scitus Hutch. & Burtt Davy
S. latifolius DC. var. retrorsus (DC.) Harv. (26)
S. retrorsus DC. var. subedentulus DC. (26) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 1115–3050 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 20–2135 m. KZN, LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
L, EC scoparius Harv.
S. caulopterus Harv., not of DC., concept invalid (26)
retrorsus DC. var. subedentulus DC. = S. retrorsus S. colensoensis O.Hoffm. ex Kuntze (29)
rhomboideus Harv. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 365–1525 m. M, S,
S. dieterlenii E.Phillips (26)
KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 30–3020
m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC segmentatus Oliv. = Lopholaena segmentata
rhopalophyllus (Dinter) Merxm. = S. aloides seminiveus J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
rhyncholaenus DC. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 1615–
S. pseudo-rhyncholaenus Thell. var. auriculatus Thell. (26) 3355 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 90–1525 m. S, serpens G.D.Rowley
KZN, EC Kleinia repens L. (39)
rigescens Jacq. = S. rosmarinifolius Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt
rigidus L. 400–1800 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 10–1615 m. WC, serra Sond. = S. inornatus
EC serratuloides DC.
robertiifolius DC. S. serratuloides DC. var. glabratus DC. (26)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 850–1615 m. NC, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 155–2425 m. LIM,
WC, EC M, G, S, KZN, EC
rosmarinifolius L.f. serratuloides DC. var. dieterlenii Thell. = S. gregatus
S. asper Aiton (1) serratuloides DC. var. glabratus DC. = S. serratuloides
S. rigescens Jacq. (1)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 5–1350 serratuloides DC. var. gracilis Harv. = S. gregatus
m. NC, WC, EC serratuloides DC. var. holubii Thell. = S. gregatus
rowleyanus H.Jacobsen serratuloides DC. var. rehmannii Thell. = S. gregatus
Perennial. Herb, prostrate, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. serratus E.Mey. = S. incomptus
Alt? WC, EC
serrulatus DC.
rubens Juss. ex Jacq. = Crassocephalum rubens Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 2195–2470 m. L,
ruderalis Harv. = S. madagascariensis EC

serrurioides Turcz. succulentus DC. = S. sarcoides

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 425–825 m. sulcatus DC. = S. crispus
EC
sulcicalyx Baker
sessilis Thunb. = S. halimifolius Kleinia pusilla (Dinter) Merxm. (34)
Othonna pusilla Dinter (34)
sisymbriifolius DC. S. iosensis G.D.Rowley (34)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 195–1405 m. N, NC S. klinghardtianus Dinter (34)
sisymbriifolius Dinter, not of DC., concept invalid = S. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? N
apiifolius surculosus MacOwan
skirrhodon DC. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ?–670 m. EC
S. madagascariensis Poir. var. crassifolius Humbert (26)
swaziensis Compton = S. glaberrimus
Perennial. Herb, ± succulent. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt 5–10
m. KZN, EC tamoides DC.
Perennial. Herb, climber, ± succulent. Ht 0.7–6 m. Alt
sneeuwbergensis Bolus = S. inornatus 10–1905 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
sociorum Bolus tanacetoides Sond. ex Harv. = S. tanacetopsis
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 320–395 m.
WC tanacetopsis Hilliard
S. tanacetoides Sond. ex Harv. (26)
solidagineus Spreng. = S. halimifolius Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt
solidaginoides P.J.Bergius = S. halimifolius 1370–2500 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
sophioides DC. telmateius Hilliard
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 180–1615 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 2195–2440 m.
speciosus Willd. KZN, L
S. concolor DC. (26) tenellulus S.Moore = Emilia tenellula
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 10–3200 m. tenellus DC.
LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.15 m. Alt? WC
spiraeifolius Thunb. tenuilobus DC. = S. umbellatus
S. ecklonianus DC. (1)
S. pedicularifolius DC. (1) thamathuensis Hilliard
S. pseudo-sceptrum Steud. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 2105–2135 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 820–1370 m. NC, KZN
WC
thermarum Bolus = Emilia transvaalensis
squamosus Thunb. = S. pubigerus
thunbergii Harv.
stapeliiformis E.Phillips = Kleinia stapeliiformis Cacalia tomentosa Thunb. (1)
striatifolius DC. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt 60–2010 m. LIM, thyrsoideus DC. = S. barbatus
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, EC tomentosus Salisb. = S. cinerascens
striatus Thunb. = Osteospermum bidens tortuosus DC.
strictifolius Hiern Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 5–915 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 1.5–1.75 m. Alt? N, B WC
subcanescens (DC.) Compton toxotis C.Jeffrey
S. lyratus L.f. var. subcanescens (DC.) Harv. (18) Kleinia archeri Compton (36)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 60–900 m. S. archeri (Compton) H.Jacobsen (36)
WC, EC Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC
subcoriaceus Schltr. trachylaenus Harv.
S. basutensis Thell. (1911) (26) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt ?–915 m. NC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1185–2590 m. trachyphyllus Schltr.
LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.35–0.75 m. Alt ?–500 m.
submontanus Hilliard & B.L.Burtt WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.35–0.75 m. Alt 1550–2440 m. transvaalensis Bolus = Emilia transvaalensis
KZN
trifurcatus Klatt = S. triodontiphyllus
subnudus DC. = S. oxyriifolius
triodontiphyllus C.Jeffrey
subpeltatus Steud. = S. oxyriifolius S. trifurcatus Klatt (36)
subrubriflorus O.Hoffm. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 975–1100 m. M
S. pseudo-rhyncholaenus Thell. excl. var. auriculatus Thell. (26) triplinervius DC.
S. viscidus N.E.Br. (26)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? EC
FS, KZN, L triqueter DC.
subsinuatus DC. WC
Perennial. Suffrutex, ± succulent. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt?
WC? tropaeolifolius MacOwan

Perennial. Herb, ± succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 640– viscidulus Compton

825 m. EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt 610–1675 m. S,
tuberosus (DC.) Harv. KZN
Brachyrhynchos tuberosus DC. (1) viscidus N.E.Br. = S. subrubriflorus
Doria pinnatifida Thunb. (1)
S. incertus DC. (1)
vitalis N.E.Br.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 105–1450 m. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.75–0.9 m. Alt 5–715
WC m. EC
volkameri Sch.Bip. = S. arenarius
tugelensis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 2700–3355 m. *vulgaris L.
KZN, L, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 5–570 m. G, L, WC,
EC
tysonii MacOwan
S. curtophyllus Klatt (26) waterbergensis S.Moore
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 1370–1830 m. Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? LIM
KZN, EC welwitschii O.Hoffm. = Kleinia fulgens
ulopterus Thell. windhoekensis Merxm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1200–2380 m. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 900–1675 m. N, NC
KZN wittebergensis Compton
umbellatus L. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ?–1600 m. WC
S. tenuilobus DC. (1)
zeyheri Turcz. = S. oxyodontus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 45–1525 m. WC, EC
umgeniensis Thell. SERIPHIUM L. 9037010
S. basutensis Thell. (1921) in part (26)
S. pullus Klatt (1896) (26)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 150–1050 m. (1) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the Relhanii-
nae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans University.
KZN
adpressum DC. = Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis
urophyllus Conrath
alopecuroides Lam. = Stoebe alopecuroides
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 200–1705 m. G, M,
KZN cinereum L.
Stoebe cinerea (L.) Thunb. (1)
ustulatus DC. = S. littoreus var. littoreus Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 0–1600 m. LIM,
variabilis Sch.Bip. M, FS, WC, EC
S. erubescens Aiton var. crepidifolius Harv., not of DC., concept fuscum L. = Stoebe fusca
invalid (26)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 5–600 m. KZN, gnaphaloides L. = Myrovernix gnaphaloides
EC gomphrenoides Lam. = Stoebe gomphrenoides
variifolius DC. = S. lyratus incanum (Thunb.) Pers.
Stoebe incana Thunb. (1)
venosus Harv. Stoebe leiocarpa Sch.Bip. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 300–1725 m. B, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 100–1100 m. WC
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN nervigerum DC. = Stoebe nervigera
venustus Aiton = S. grandiflorus phyllostachyum DC. = Stoebe phyllostachya
verbascifolius Burm.f. plumosum L.
Cineraria hypoleuca Sieber (1) Artemisia ambigua Thunb. (1)
Cineraria tussilaginea Thunb. in part (1) Artemisia vermiculata L. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 800–1000 m. WC Elytropappus ruscianus Dinter (1)
Stoebe burchellii Levyns (1)
verdoorniae R.A.Dyer = S. lydenburgensis Stoebe cinerea Thunb. var. plumosa (Less.) Harv. (1)
vernonioides Sch.Bip. = S. erubescens var. erubescens Stoebe plumosa (L.) Thunb. (1)
Stoebe vulgaris Levyns (1)
versicolor Hiern = S. polyodon var. polyodon Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 0–2200 m. N,
vestitus (Thunb.) P.J.Bergius LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Jacobaea vestita Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt prostratum (L.) Lam. = Stoebe prostrata
700–1690 m. NC, WC saxatilis (Levyns) Koekemoer
Stoebe saxatilis Levyns (1)
villifructus Hilliard Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1000–1600 m.
KZN
spirale (Less.) Koekemoer
viminalis Bremek. Stoebe filaginea (DC.) Sch.Bip.
Perennial. Shrub, scandent, succulent. Ht 0.5–4.5 m. Stoebe spiralis Less. (1)
Alt 55–1010 m. LIM, M, S, KZN Stoebe spiralis Less. var. flavescens (DC.) Harv. (1)
vimineus Harv., not of DC., concept invalid = S. harvei-
anus SERRATULA L. 9474000
viridiflorus Hutch. = Emilia marlothiana arvensis L. = Cirsium arvense

*SIGESBECKIA L. 9160000 gigas Boulos ex Humbert subsp. medius Boulos ex

Humbert = S. asper subsp. asper
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 300−302. glaucescens Jord. = S. asper subsp. glaucescens
orientalis L. goreensis Lam. = Launaea intybacea
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 10–2010 m. LIM, integrifolius Harv. var. integrifolius
KZN, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 0–1800 m. LIM,
*SILYBUM Adans. 9464000 integrifolius Harv. var. schlechteri R.E.Fr.
Compiled by E. Retief Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 5–2200 m. M, FS,
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 579, 580. KZN, L
marianum (L.) Gaertn. jacottetianus Thell.
Carduus marianus L. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1600–2000 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 600–1600 m. G, EC KZN
SOLANECIO (Sch.Bip.) Walp. 9411110 lanifer Dinter = Launaea rarifolia
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman *maritimus L.
S. otaviensis Dinter (1)
(2) Jeffrey. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 920–923. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 5–1200 m. N,
(3) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 40. LIM, NW, G, KZN, NC, WC
(4) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique nanus Sond. ex Harv.
angulatus (Vahl) C.Jeffrey LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
Crassocephalum bojeri (DC.) Robyns (2)
Crassocephalum subscandens (A.Rich.) S.Moore (1, 2) *oleraceus L.
Perennial. Shrub, climber, succulent. Ht up to 30 m. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 3–1800 m. N, B,
Alt 10–945 m. LIM, KZN LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
oleraceus L. var. asper L. = S. asper subsp. asper
*SOLIVA Ruíz & Pav. 9352000
otaviensis Dinter = S. maritimus
rarifolius Oliv. & Hiern = Launaea rarifolia
(2) Tutin. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 178. scapiforme Thell. = Lactuca tysonii
Museum, Botany 23: 159, 160.
tenerrimus L.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt ± 1200 m. NC
pterosperma (Juss.) Less. = S. sessilis
tysonii E.Phillips = Lactuca tysonii
sessilis Ruíz & Pav.
Gymnostyles pterosperma Juss. (1) wilmsii R.E.Fr.
S. pterosperma (Juss.) Less. (3) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 0–1500 m. LIM,
Annual. Herb. Length 0.05–0.2 m. Alt? KZN, WC, EC NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
SONCHUS L. 9595000 SPHAERANTHUS L. 8955000
(1) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 140: 3, 4. (1) Robyns. 1924. Kew Bulletin 1924: 177–199.
(2) Boulos. 1973. Botaniska Notiser 126: 155–196. (2) Ross-Craig. 1955. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 36: 1–90, t. 3501–
(3) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 621–629. 3525.
(4) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 221–229. (3) Merxmüller. 1966. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
(5) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique München 6: 249, 250.
tropicale 4: 330, 331. (4) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 173–175.
*asper (L.) Hill subsp. asper (5) Kers. 1969. Dinteria 2: 3–12.
S. gigas Boulos ex Humbert (4) (6) Wild. 1980. Kirkia 12: 19, 20, 96–113.
S. gigas Boulos ex Humbert subsp. medius Boulos ex Humbert (4) (7) Anderberg. 1991. Plant Systematics and Evolution 176: 169.
S. oleraceus L. var. asper L. (1, 3, 4) brounae Robyns = S. flexuosus
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 5–1700
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC calcareus Robyns = S. flexuosus
*asper (L.) Hill subsp. glaucescens (Jord.) Ball dinteri Muschl. = S. flexuosus
S. glaucescens Jord. (2) epigaeus Schinz
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.5 m. Alt 500–700 m. FS, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 1000–1050 m. N
dregeanus DC. flexuosus O.Hoffm. ex De Wild.
S. ecklonianus DC. (3) S. brounae Robyns (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.9 m. Alt 3–2200 m. LIM, S. calcareus Robyns (6)
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC S. dinteri Muschl. (4)
S. humilis O.Hoffm. (6)
ecklonianus DC. = S. dregeanus S. kalahariensis Bremek. & Oberm. (6)
friesii Boulos var. friesii Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.13–0.6 m. Alt 900–
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 0–1000 m. KZN 1500 m. N, B
gigas Boulos ex Humbert = S. asper subsp. asper humilis O.Hoffm. = S. flexuosus
ASTERACEAE *Sigesbeckia DICOTYLEDONS

incisus Robyns = S. peduncularis subsp. peduncularis crithmifolia R.Br. var. grandiflora Harv. = Ursinia
kalahariensis Bremek. & Oberm. = S. flexuosus paleacea
madagascariensis Robyns = S. peduncularis subsp. crithmifolia R.Br. var. trifurcata DC. = Ursinia palea-
rogersii cea
dentata (L.) R.Br. = Ursinia dentata
neglectus in sense of Ross-Graig = S. peduncularis
subsp. rogersii dentata (L.) R.Br. var. setigera (DC.) Harv. = Ursinia
dentata
peduncularis DC. subsp. peduncularis
S. incisus Robyns (6) discolor Less. = Ursinia discolor
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt 30–1005 m. N?, dregeana DC. = Ursinia dregeana
B, LIM, M, S, KZN, EC eckloniana Sond. = Ursinia eckloniana
peduncularis DC. subsp. rogersii (N.E.Br.) Wild filipes E.Mey. ex DC. = Ursinia filipes
S. madagascariensis Robyns (2)
S. neglectus in sense of Ross-Graig (6) foeniculacea (Jacq.) Less. = Ursinia anthemoides
S. rogersii N.E.Br. (2, 6) subsp. anthemoides
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? N, B gracilis DC. = Ursinia punctata
rogersii N.E.Br. = S. peduncularis subsp. rogersii grandiflora DC. = U. paleacea
wattii Giess ex Merxm. heterodonta DC. = Ursinia heterodonta
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt? N hispida DC. = Ursinia hispida
leptoglossa DC. = Ursinia trifida forma trifida
SPHAEROCLINIUM Sch.Bip. 9339010
macropoda DC. = Ursinia macropoda
nigellifolium (DC.) Sch.Bip. = Cotula nigellifolia var. microcephala DC. = Ursinia anthemoides subsp. anthe-
nigellifolia moides
nudicaulis (Thunb.) Less. = Ursinia nudicaulis
*SPHAGNETICOLA O.Hoffm. 9192020
nudicaulis (Thunb.) Less. var. alpina Harv. = Ursinia
nudicaulis
(1) Pruski. 1996. Novon 6: 404–418.
nudicaulis (Thunb.) Less. var. gracilior Harv. = Ursinia
trilobata (L.) Pruski nudicaulis
Thelechitonia trilobata (L.) H.Rob. & Cuatrec. (1)
Wedelia paludosa DC. (1) paleacea (Thunb.) Less. = Ursinia subflosculosa
Wedelia trilobata (L.) Hitchc. (1) pauciloba DC. = Ursinia punctata
Perennial. Herb, creeper. Length up to 0.5 m. Alt 119− pilifera (P.J.Bergius) DC. = Ursinia pilifera
900 m. M, KZN
pussila DC. = Ursinia anthemoides subsp. anthe-
SPHENOGYNE R.Br. 9431010 moides
quinquepartita DC. = Ursinia quinquepartita
abrotanifolia R.Br. = Ursinia abrotanifolia
rigidula DC. = Ursinia rigidula
adonidifolia DC. = Ursinia anthemoides subsp. anthe- scapiformis DC. = Ursinia nudicaulis
moides
scariosa (Aiton) R.Br. = Ursinia scariosa subsp. scariosa
anethifolia Less. = Ursinia paleacea
sericea (Thunb.) Less. = Ursinia sericea
anethoides DC. = Ursinia anethoides serrata (L.f.) DC. = Ursinia serrata
anethoides DC. var. brachyglossa DC. = Ursinia punctata setigera DC. = Ursinia dentata
anethoides DC. var. ramossima DC. = Ursinia punctata speciosa Knowles & Westc. = Ursinia anthemoides
anthemoides (L.) R.Br. = Ursinia anthemoides subsp. subsp. anthemoides
anthemoides subflosculosa DC. = Ursinia subflosculosa
anthemoides (L.) R.Br. var. versicolor (DC.) Harv. = subhirsuta DC. = Ursinia scariosa subsp. subhirsuta
Ursinia anthemoides subsp. versicolor tenuifolia (L.) DC. = Ursinia tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia
brachyloba Kunze = Ursinia brachyloba tenuifolia (L.) DC. var. heterochroma Harv. = Ursinia
brachypoda Harv. = Ursinia hispida tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia
brevifolia DC. = Ursinia discolor trifida (Thunb.) Less. = Ursinia trifida forma trifida
calendulaeflora DC. = Ursinia calenduliflora trifurca Harv. = Ursinia tenuifolia subsp. ciliaris
chamomillaefolia DC. = Ursinia nudicaulis triloba DC. = Ursinia trifida forma trifida
chamomillaefolia DC. var. elongata Harv. = Ursinia tripartita DC. = Ursinia quinquepartita
nudicaulis versicolor DC. = Ursinia anthemoides subsp. versicolor
chrysanthemoides Less. = Ursinia chrysanthemoides
SPILANTHES Jacq. 9207000
ciliaris DC. = Ursinia tenuifolia subsp. ciliaris
concolor Harv. = Ursinia punctata (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 313–315.
coronopifolia Less. = Ursinia coronopifolia acmella of author, not of (L.) Murray, concept invalid =
crithmifolia R.Br. = Ursinia paleacea S. mauritiana
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Sphaeranthus

africana DC. = S. mauritiana STILPNOGYNE DC. 9385000

*decumbens (Sm.) A.H.Moore Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
S. repens of authors, not of Micheli, concept invalid (1)
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 306.
Annual. Decumbent herb. Length up to 0.5 m. Alt 45– (2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 364.
1065 m. KZN, EC
bellidioides DC.
mauritiana (Pers.) DC. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 200–1450 m. NC,
S. acmella of author, not of (L.) Murray, concept invalid (1)
S. africana DC. (1)
WC
Annual. Herb, occ. creeper. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 5–2550
m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC STILPNOPHYTON Less. 9369000
repens of authors, not of Micheli, concept invalid = S. axillare (Thunb.) Less. = Athanasia minuta subsp.
decumbens minuta
inopinatum Hutch. = Athanasia inopinata
SPIRALEPIS D.Don 9008010
linifolium (L.f.) Less. = Athanasia linifolia
declinata (L.f.) D.Don = Gnaphalium declinatum linifolium (L.f.) Less. var. longifolium (Thunb.) Harv. =
Athanasia linifolia
STAEHELINA L. 9456000
longifolium (Thunb.) Less. = Athanasia linifolia
centauroides L. = Athanasia crenata
oocephalum DC. = Athanasia oocephala
corymbosa L.f. = Vernonia tigna
fasciculata Thunb. = Lachnospermum fasciculatum STOBAEA Thunb. 9438060
gnaphaloides L. = Syncarpha gnaphaloides acanthopoda DC. = Berkheya acanthopoda
imbricata P.J.Bergius = Lachnospermum imbricatum acarnoides DC. = Berkheya discolor
STEIRODISCUS Less. 9421010 aristosa DC. = Berkheya rhapontica subsp. aristosa
var. aristosa
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 159, 160. atractyloides (L.) Thunb. var. carlinoides (Thunb.) DC.
(2) Schlechter. 1900. Botanische Jahrbücher 27: 216, 217. = Berkheya onobromoides var. carlinoides
(3) Phillips. 1950. Journal of South African Botany 16: 15–17. biloba DC. = Berkheya heterophylla var. heterophylla
(4) Nordenstam. 1968. Opera Botanica 20: 30, 31, 33.
(5) Nordenstam. 1969. Botaniska Notiser 122: 398–408. bipinnatifida Harv. = Berkheya bipinnatifida subsp.
(6) Jeffrey. 1992. Kew Bulletin 47: 99. bipinnatifida
buphthalmoides DC. = Berkheya buphthalmoides
capillaceus (Thunb.) Less.
Cineraria capillacea Thunb. (1) cardopatifolia DC. = Berkheya cardopatifolia
Psilothonna capillacea (Thunb.) E.Phillips (4) carlinaefolia DC. = Berkheya carlinifolia subsp. car-
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 45–1143 m. NC, linifolia
WC
cirsiifolia DC. = Berkheya cirsiifolia
gamolepis Bolus ex Schltr.
Psilothonna gamolepis (Bolus ex Schltr.) E.Phillips (4) cruciata (Houtt.) Harv. = Berkheya cruciata subsp.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 90–215 m. WC cruciata
linearilobus DC. discolor DC. = Berkheya discolor
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.15 m. Alt? WC echinacea Harv. = Berkheya echinacea subsp. echi-
schlechteri Bolus ex Schltr. nacea
Psilothonna schlechteri (Bolus ex Schltr.) E.Phillips (4) echinopoda DC. = Berkheya decurrens
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 50–150 m. WC epitrachys DC. = Berkheya pinnatifida subsp. pinnati-
speciosus (Pillans) B.Nord. fida
Gamolepis speciosa Pillans (5)
Psilothonna speciosa (Pillans) E.Phillips (5) eriobasis DC. = Berkheya eriobasis
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.2 m. Alt up to 120 m. WC erysithales DC. = Berkheya erysithales
tagetes (L.) Schltr. gerrardii Harv. = Berkheya echinacea subsp. echi-
Gamolepis tagetes (L.) DC. (2, 5) nacea
Othonna tagetes L. (3)
Psilothonna tagetes (L.) E.Mey. (4) glabrata Thunb. = Berkheya glabrata
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.3 m. Alt 15–115 m. WC glabriuscula DC. = Berkheya decurrens
glomerata (Thunb.) Spreng. = Platycarpha glomerata
STENOCLINE DC. 9003000 grandifolia DC. = Berkheya multijuga
tomentosula Klatt = Helichrysum tomentosulum helianthiflora DC. = Berkheya decurrens
subsp. tomentosulum heterophylla Thunb. = Berkheya heterophylla var. het-
erophylla
STEPHANOCOMA Less. 9438050 heterophylla Thunb. var. radiata DC. = Berkheya hetero-
carduoides Less. = Berkheya carduoides phylla var. radiata
ASTERACEAE Spilanthes DICOTYLEDONS

insignis Harv. = Berkheya insignis Gymnachaena bruniades Rchb. (1)

S. affinis S.Moore (2)
mackenii Harv. = Berkheya mackenii S. bruniades (Rchb.) Levyns (2)
membranifolia DC. = Berkheya decurrens S. mossii S.Moore (2)
microcephala DC. = Berkheya discolor
900 m. WC
multijuga DC. = Berkheya multijuga
cernua Thunb. = Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis
onobromoides DC. = Berkheya onobromoides var. ono-
cinerea (L.) Thunb. = Seriphium cinereum
bromoides
cinerea Thunb. var. plumosa (Less.) Harv. = Seriphium
onopordifolia DC. = Berkheya onopordifolia var. ono-
plumosum
pordifolia
copholepis Sch.Bip. = S. phyllostachya
oppositifolia DC. = Berkheya spinosissima subsp.
namaensis var. namaensis cupressina Rchb. = Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis
petiolata DC. = Berkheya decurrens cyathuloides Schltr.
S. humilis Levyns (5)
pinnata Thunb. = Heterorhachis aculeata S. sphaerocephala Schltr. (5)
pinnatifida of author, not of Thunb. = Berkheya carlin- Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 0–400 m. WC
ifolia subsp. promontorii disticha L.f. = Trichogyne ambigua
pinnatifida Thunb. = Berkheya pinnatifida subsp. pin- ensorii Compton = S. phyllostachya
natifida fasciculata Thunb. = Trichogyne ambigua
platyptera Harv. = Berkheya rhapontica subsp. platy- filaginea (DC.) Sch.Bip. = Seriphium spirale
ptera
fusca (L.) Thunb.
polyacantha DC. = Berkheya decurrens Seriphium fuscum L. (2)
purpurea DC. = Berkheya purpurea Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 200–
radula Harv. = Berkheya radula 1400 m. NC, WC
rhapontica DC. = Berkheya rhapontica subsp. gomphrenoides (Lam.) P.J.Bergius
Metalasia pulcherrima Eckl. ex Harv. (3)
rhapontica Seriphium gomphrenoides Lam. (2)
rigida Thunb. = Berkheya rigida Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 100–200 m. WC
scolymoides DC. = Berkheya decurrens humilis Levyns = S. cyathuloides
seminivea DC. = Berkheya bipinnatifida subsp. bipin- incana Thunb. = Seriphium incanum
natifida intricata Levyns = Myrovernix intricata
sonchifolia Harv. = Berkheya erysithales leiocarpa Sch.Bip. = Seriphium incanum
speciosa DC. = Berkheya speciosa subsp. speciosa leucocephala DC.
sphaerocephala DC. = Berkheya sphaerocephala S. squarrosa Harv. (2)
viscosa DC. = Berkheya viscosa Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 200–800 m. WC
zeyheri Sond. & Harv. = Berkheya zeyheri subsp. zey- microphylla DC.
heri Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt 1100–1400 m.
WC, EC
STOEBE L. 9037000 montana Schltr. ex Levyns
Compiled by M. Koekemoer Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 1700–
(1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 285. 2300 m. WC
(2) Levyns. 1937. Journal of South African Botany 3: 1–35. mossii S.Moore = S. capitata
(4) Koekemoer. 1999. Bothalia 29: 65–75. muirii Levyns
(5) Koekemoer. 2002. Systematics of the Metalasia group in the Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 0–100 m. WC
Relhaniinae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Rand Afrikaans
University. muricata Spreng. ex Sch.Bip. = Myrovernix muricata
aethiopica L. nervigera (DC.) Sch.Bip.
S. phylicoides Thunb. (2) Seriphium nervigerum DC. (2)
affinis S.Moore = S. capitata 900 m. NC, WC
alopecuroides (Lam.) Less. nivea Thunb. = Dolichothrix ericoides
Amphiglossa alopecuroides Sch.Bip. (4) phlaeoides (DC.) Sch.Bip. = S. phyllostachya
Seriphium alopecuroides Lam. (2)
phylicoides Thunb. = S. aethiopica
EC phyllostachya (DC.) Sch.Bip.
Seriphium phyllostachyum DC. (2)
aspera Thunb. = Helichrysum asperum var. asperum S. copholepis Sch.Bip. (2)
bruniades (Rchb.) Levyns = S. capitata S. ensorii Compton (2)
S. phlaeoides (DC.) Sch.Bip. (2)
burchellii Levyns = Seriphium plumosum Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 100–
capitata P.J.Bergius 1000 m. WC, EC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Stobaea

plumosa (L.) Thunb. = Seriphium plumosum Helipterum affine B.Nord. (10)

Helipterum citrinum (Less.) Harv. & Sond., illegitimate name (10)
prostrata L. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.9 m. Alt 730–1000
Seriphium prostratum (L.) Lam. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt m. NC, WC
1000–1500 m. WC argentea (Thunb.) B.Nord.
Helichrysum argenteum (Thunb.) Thunb. (10)
reflexum L.f. = Trichogyne repens Xeranthemum argenteum Thunb. (10)
rhinocerotis L.f. = Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 0–250 m.
rosea Wolley-Dod EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 0–500 m. WC argyropsis (DC.) B.Nord.
Helipterum argyropsis DC. (10)
rugulosa Harv.
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 5–200 m. WC
300 m. WC aurea B.Nord.
Perennial. Subshrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 17 m.
salteri Levyns = S. schultzii
WC
saxatilis Levyns = Seriphium saxatilis
canescens (L.) B.Nord. subsp. canescens
scabra L.f. = Myrovernix scaber Helipterum canescens (L.) DC. var. canescens (10)
Xeranthemum canescens L. (2, 10)
schultzii Levyns
Perotriche microphylla Sch.Bip. (2) Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 10–1980 m.
S. salteri Levyns (2) NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 0–200 m. canescens (L.) B.Nord. subsp. leucolepis (DC.) B.Nord.
WC Helipterum canescens (L.) DC. var. leucolepis DC. (10)
sphaerocephala Schltr. = S. cyathuloides Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht? Alt? WC?
spiralis Less. = Seriphium spirale canescens (L.) B.Nord. subsp. tricolor (DC.) B.Nord.
Helipterum canescens (L.) DC. var. tricolor DC. (10)
spiralis Less. var. flavescens (DC.) Harv. = Seriphium Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 240–1600 m.
spirale WC
squarrosa Harv. = S. leucocephala chlorochrysum (DC.) B.Nord.
vulgaris Levyns = Seriphium plumosum Helichrysum chlorochrysum DC. (12)
STOMATANTHES R.M.King 8816010 WC
& H.Rob. dregeana (DC.) B.Nord.
Compiled by E. Retief Helipterum dregeanum DC. (10)
(1) King & Robinson. 1987. Monographs in systematic botany from Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 700–1220 m.
the Missouri Botanical Garden 22: 69–71. NC, WC
dykei (Bolus) B.Nord.
africanus (Oliv. & Hiern) R.M.King & H.Rob. Helichrysum dykei Bolus (10)
Eupatorium africanum Oliv. & Hiern (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 1500–2020 m.
LIM, M, S eximia (L.) B.Nord.
Gnaphalium eximium L. (2, 10)
SUSANNA E.Phillips 8887010 Helipterum eximium (L.) DC. (2, 10)
dinteri E.Phillips = Felicia namaquana Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 150–1600 m. WC,
EC
epaleacea (O.Hoffm.) E.Phillips = Amellus epaleaceus
ferruginea (Lam.) B.Nord.
microglossa (DC.) E.Phillips = Amellus microglossus Helipterum ferrugineum (Lam.) DC. (10)
Xeranthemum ferrugineum Lam. (2, 10)
SYNCARPHA DC. 9000010 Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.15–1.6 m. Alt 900–1625 m.
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman WC
(1) Candolle. 1838. Prodromus 6: 211–214. flava (Compton) B.Nord.
(2) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 256–260. Helipterum flavum Compton (10)
(3) Bolus. 1907. Transactions of the South African Philosophical Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 900–1830 m.
Society 18: 392. WC
(4) Bolus. 1910. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 1:
156, 157. gnaphaloides (L.) DC.
(5) Compton. 1931. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Helipterum gnaphaloides (L.) DC. (10)
Africa 19: 316, 317. Staehelina gnaphaloides L. (2, 10)
(6) Dyer. 1941. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 21: t. 817. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt 30–1100 m.
(7) Levyns. 1941. Journal of South African Botany 7: 84, 85. WC
(9) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 310. lepidopodium (Bolus) B.Nord.
(10) Nordenstam. 1989. Compositae Newsletter 17: 2–6. Helichrysum lepidopodium Bolus (10)
(11) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 365–368. Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 1050–
(12) Nordenstam. 2003. Compositae Newsletter 39: 52–57. 1550 m. WC
affinis (B.Nord.) B.Nord. loganiana (Compton) B.Nord.
Helichrysum citrinum Less. (9, 10) Helipterum loganianum Compton (10)
ASTERACEAE Stoebe DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1300– virgata (P.J.Bergius) B.Nord.

1500 m. WC Xeranthemum virgatum P.J.Bergius (10)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt? WC
marlothii (Schltr.) B.Nord.
Helipterum marlothii Schltr. (10) zeyheri (Sond.) B.Nord.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 1200– Helipterum brachypterum Levyns (10)
Helipterum zeyheri Sond. (10)
1830 m. WC
milleflora (L.f.) B.Nord. m. WC
Gnaphalium milleflorum L.f. (10)
Gnaphalium phlomoides Lam. (10)
Helipterum milleflorum (L.f.) Druce (10) *TAGETES L. 9311000
Helipterum phlomoides (Lam.) DC. (10) Compiled by N. Netnou
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2 m. Alt 160–1630 m. WC, EC (1) Bailey & Bailey. 1977. Hortus third: 1095.
montana (B.Nord.) B.Nord. (2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 328, 329.
Helipterum montanum B.Nord. (10) erecta L.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? G, M
1900–2200 m. WC
minuta L.
mucronata (P.J.Bergius) B.Nord. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 14–2125 m. N, B,
Gnaphalium mucronatum P.J.Bergius (12)
Helichrysum mucronatum (P.J.Bergius) Less. (12) LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 15–800 m. WC rotundifolia Mill. = Tithonia rotundifolia
paniculata (L.) B.Nord.
Helichrysum paniculatum (L.) Willd. (10) *TANACETUM L. 9341070
Xeranthemum paniculatum L. (10) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 10– (1) Heywood. 1976. Flora europaea 4: 169–171, 472.
1800 m. WC, EC (2) Bailey. 1977. Hortus third: 267.
recurvata (L.f.) B.Nord. Museum, Botany 23: 100–104.
Helichrysum recurvatum (L.f.) Thunb. (10) (4) Soreng & Cope. 1996. Baileya 23: 145–165.
Xeranthemum recurvatum L.f. (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 0–150 m. EC acutilobum DC. = Myxopappus acutilobus
sordescens (DC.) B.Nord. albidum DC. = Foveolina dichotoma
Helichrysum sordescens DC. (10) argyreum DC. = Schistostephium flabelliforme
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.6 m.
axillare Thunb. = Athanasia minuta subsp. minuta
Alt 0–20 m. EC
cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch.Bip.
speciosissima (L.) B.Nord. subsp. angustifolia (DC.) Chrysanthemum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Vis. (1)
B.Nord. Pyrethrum cinerariifolium Trevir. (1, 3)
Helipterum speciosissimum (L.) DC. var. angustifolium DC. (10) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt? G (cult.), WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 360–1200 m. WC (cult.)
speciosissima (L.) B.Nord. subsp. speciosissima consanguineum DC. = Schistostephium crataegifolium
Helipterum speciosissimum (L.) DC. var. speciosissimum (10)
Xeranthemum speciosissimum L. (2, 10) crataegifolium DC. = Schistostephium crataegifolium
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 30–1800 m. frutescens L. = Hippia frutescens
WC
grandiflorum Thunb. = Oncosiphon grandiflorum
staehelina (L.) B.Nord.
Helichrysum virgatum (P.J.Bergius) Willd. (3, 9) griseum Harv. = Schistostephium griseum
Helipterum virgatum (P.J.Bergius) DC. in sense of most authors, not heptalobum DC. = Schistostephium heptalobum
Xeranthemum virgatum P.J.Bergius (1767) (12)
Pteronia pauciflora Sims (12) hippiifolium DC. = Schistostephium hippiifolium
Xeranthemum staehelina L. (12) hispidum DC. = Cotula hispida
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 305–1500 m. linearilobum DC. = Cotula lineariloba
WC
linifolium (L.f.) Thunb. = Athanasia linifolia
striata (Thunb.) B.Nord.
Helichrysum striatum (Thunb.) Thunb. (10) longifolium Thunb. = Athanasia linifolia
Xeranthemum striatum Thunb. (10) obtusum Thunb. = Oncosiphon piluliferum
pilosum P.J.Bergius = Hippia pilosa
variegata (P.J.Bergius) B.Nord. rotundifolium DC. = Schistostephium rotundifolium
Helichrysum variegatum Thunb. (2, 9)
Helipterum variegatum (P.J.Bergius) DC. (10) suffruticosum L. = Oncosiphon suffruticosum
Xeranthemum variegatum P.J.Bergius (10)
tortuosum DC. = Pentzia tortuosa
WC vestitum Thunb. = Athanasia vestita
vestita (L.) B.Nord.
Helichrysum vestitum (L.) Willd. (10) *TARAXACUM F.H.Wigg. 9592000
Xeranthemum vestitum L. (10) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 30– (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 608–619.
1550 m. WC (2) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 212–214.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Syncarpha

bessarabicum (Hornem.) Hand.-Mazz. camphoratus in sense of Hiern = Brachylaena huillensis

Leontodon bessarabicus Hornem. (1)
T. fulvipilis Harv. (1) camphoratus L.
T. abyssinicus Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf. & Asch., naked name (2, 3, 4)
T. magellanicum of author, not of Sch.Bip.; Burtt Davy, concept
T. camphoratus L. var. litakunensis (DC.) Harv. (2, 4, 6)
invalid (1)
T. litakunensis DC. (2, 3, 4, 6)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.13 m. Alt 1000–1500 m. T. procerus Salisb. (4)
NW, NC, EC Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–8 m. Alt 750–2135 m.
brachyglossum (Dahlst.) Dahlst. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC
T. erythrospermum Andrz. ex Besser subsp. brachyglossum Dahlst.
(1) camphoratus L. var. litakunensis (DC.) Harv. = T. cam-
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 750–3000 m. FS, phoratus
KZN, L, EC dentatus Eckl. & Zeyh. ex DC. = Brachylaena neriifolia
breviscapum A.J.Richards dentatus Thunb. = Brachylaena glabra
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 10–2200 m. NW, ellipticus Thunb. = Brachylaena elliptica
G, M, KZN, L, EC ericoides L.f. = Eriocephalus ericoides subsp. ericoi-
brunneum Soest des
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt ± 50 m. KZN galpinii Hutch. & E.Phillips = T. trilobus var. galpinii
cophocentrum Dahlst. glaber L.f. = Brachylaena glabra
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt? EC
lanceolatus Thunb. = Brachylaena neriifolia
dilatatum H.Lindb.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 1500 m. KZN litakunensis DC. = T. camphoratus
disseminatum G.E.Haglund littoralis P.P.J.Herman
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt? KZN, EC Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–8 m. Alt 3–700 m.
KZN, WC, EC
duplidens H.Lindb.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt ± 2500 m. EC minor Less.
T. angustissimus DC. (6)
eckmanii Dahlst. Perennial. Shrub or small tree. Ht up to 5 m. Alt 450–
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? G, KZN, L, EC 1800 m. FS, L, NC, WC, EC
erythrospermum Andrz. ex Besser subsp. brachyglos- obovatus DC.
sum Dahlst. = T. brachyglossum Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 1050–1380
fulvipilis Harv. = T. bessarabicum m. NC
hamatiforme Dahlst. parvicapitulatus P.P.J.Herman
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1150–2900 m. M, Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht up to 8 m. Alt 30–1850 m.
KZN, L N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
magellanicum of author, not of Sch.Bip.; Burtt Davy, procerus Salisb. = T. camphoratus
concept invalid = T. bessarabicum racemosus Thunb. = Brachylaena ilicifolia
marklundii Palmgr. trilobus DC. var. galpinii (Hutch. & E.Phillips) Paiva
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? KZN T. galpinii Hutch. & E.Phillips (2, 3, 4)
officinale Weber, aggregate species Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.15–12 m. Alt 200–1850
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.4 m. Alt 400–2500 m. N, m. LIM, M, S, KZN
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC trilobus DC. var. trilobus
parvilobum Dahlst. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2.74–10 m. Alt 460–1830
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.06 m. Alt? KZN m. KZN, EC
privum Dahlst. TENRHYNEA Hilliard & B.L.Burtt 8994000
FS
(1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 57, 58.
serotinum (Waldst. & Kit.) Poir.
Leontodon serotinus Waldst. & Kit. (1) phylicifolia (DC.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt? EC Cassinia phylicifolia (DC.) J.M.Wood (1)
Rhynea phylicifolia DC. (1)
TARCHONANTHUS L. 8937000 Perennial. Shrub or herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 120–1220
m. N, M, S, KZN, EC
(2) Paiva. 1972. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 46: 355–368.
TETRATRICHIA Dinter 9061050
(3) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 9–11 avasmontana Dinter ex Merxm. = Pentatrichia avas-
(4) Beentje. 1999. Kew Bulletin 54: 81–95.
(5) Herman & Condy. 2001. Flowering Plants of Africa 57: 108–112, montana
t. 2180.
(6) Herman. 2002. Bothalia 32: 21–28. THAMINOPHYLLUM Harv. 9338000
abyssinicus Sch.Bip. ex Schweinf. & Asch. = T. cam- Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
phoratus (1) Bond. 1980. Journal of South African Botany 46: 157–166.
angustissimus DC. = T. minor latifolium Bond
ASTERACEAE *Taraxacum DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.5–0.75 m. Alt 60–305 m. ambigua (L.) Druce

WC Ifloga ambigua (L.) Druce (2)
Ifloga disticha (L.f.) Druce (1)
multiflorum Harv. Ifloga laricifolia (Lam.) Schltr. (1)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 457–915 m. Ifloga seriphioides Schltr., illegitimate name (1)
WC Metalasia seriphioides D.Don (1)
Stoebe disticha L.f. (1)
mundii Harv. Stoebe fasciculata Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 91–830 m. T. laricifolia (Lam.) Less. (1)
WC T. seriphioides Less., illegitimate name (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 0–1500 m. NC,
THELECHITONIA Cuatrec. 9192010 WC
trilobata (L.) H.Rob. & Cuatrec. = Sphagneticola trilo- candida (Hilliard) Anderb.
bata Ifloga candida Hilliard (2)
THODAYA Compton 9417040 WC
elongata Compton = Euryops subcarnosus subsp. sub- decumbens (Thunb.) Less.
carnosus Gnaphalium decumbens Thunb. (1)
Ifloga decumbens (Thunb.) Schltr. (2)
microphylla Compton = Euryops microphyllus Ifloga woodii (N.E.Br.) B.L.Burtt (2)
Petalactella woodii N.E.Br. (2)
*TITHONIA Desf. ex Juss. 9196000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht/Length up to 0.2 m. Alt?
M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
glomerata Harv. = Ifloga glomerata
diversifolia (Hemsl.) A.Gray
Mirasolia diversifolia Hemsl. (1) laricifolia (Lam.) Less. = T. ambigua
Annual. Herb. Ht 1–3.5 m. Alt 5–1200 m. LIM, S, lerouxiae Beyers
KZN Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.15 m. Alt 150–250 m. NC
rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F.Blake paronychioides DC.
Tagetes rotundifolia Mill. (1) Ifloga paronychioides (DC.) Fenzl (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 810–915 m. B, LIM, Annual. Herb. Length 0.005–0.04 m. Alt 600–900 m.
G, M, S, KZN N, NC
pilulifera (Schltr.) Anderb.
TOLPIS Adans. 9561000 Ifloga pilulifera Schltr. (2)
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? NC, WC
(2) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 190–192. polycnemoides (Fenzl) Anderb.
Ifloga polycnemoides Fenzl (2)
capensis (L.) Sch.Bip. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.15 m. Alt 600–900 m. NC,
Hieracium capense L. (1) WC
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC radicans DC. = T. repens
reflexa (L.f.) Less. = T. repens
*TRAGOPOGON L. 9579000 repens (L.) Anderb.
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Gnaphalium repens L. (2)
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 606–608. Ifloga reflexa (L.f.) Schltr. (1)
Ifloga repens (L.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (2)
capensis Jacq. = Urospermum picroides Stoebe reflexum L.f. (1)
dubius Scop. T. radicans DC. (1)
T. majus Jacq. (1) T. reflexa (L.f.) Less. (1)
Biennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 650–1950 m. LIM, Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Length up to 0.5 m. Alt 10–
G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC 500 m. WC
hybridus L. seriphioides Less., illegitimate name = T. ambigua
Geropogon glaber L. (1)
verticillata (L.f.) Less.
Biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 5 m. Ifloga verticillata (L.f.) Fenzl (2)
KZN Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.3 m. Alt 20–250 m. WC
majus Jacq. = T. dubius
picroides L. = Urospermum picroides *TRIDAX L. 9245000
porrifolius L. Compiled by N. Netnou
Biennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 500–2300 m. G, M, (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 321.
FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC procumbens L.
TRICHOGYNE Less. 8967010 5–640 m. LIM, M, KZN
(1) Hilliard. 1981. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 82: TRIGONOTHECA Sch.Bip. 9204030
304–312.
(2) Anderberg. 1991. Opera Botanica 104: 155. natalensis Sch.Bip. = Melanthera scandens subsp.
(3) Beyers. 1995. Bothalia 25: 107–109. dregei
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Thaminophyllum

TRIPLOCEPHALUM O.Hoffm. 8956000 auriculata S.Moore

Osteospermum auriculatum (S.Moore) Norl. (14)
glabrifolium Klatt = Geigeria pectidea Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 1000–1500 m. LIM,
M
TRIPTERACHAENIUM Kuntze 9428010 bolusii Compton = Osteospermum bolusii
humile Kuntze = Tripteris aghillana var. aghillana breviradiata (Norl.) B.Nord.
scariosum (DC.) Kuntze = Tripteris aghillana var. aghil- Osteospermum breviradiatum Norl. (14)
lana Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 100–200 m. N, NC,
WC
TRIPTERIS Less. 9428000 clandestina Less.
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Osteospermum clandestinum (Less.) Norl. (14)
T. atropurpurea Turcz. (11)
(1) Lessing. 1831. Linnaea 6: 97. T. herbacea E.Mey. ex DC. (11)
(2) Lessing. 1832. Synopsis generum Compositarum: 90. T. hyoseroides DC. var. echinocarpa DC. (11)
(3) Candolle. 1838. Prodromus 6: 456–459. T. scariosa DC. (11)
(4) Turczaninow. 1851. Bulletin de la Société Impériale des Natura-
listes de Moscou xxiv, ii: 211.
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 15–900 m.
(5) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 424–432. N, NC, WC
(6) Hoffmann. 1889. Botanische Jahrbücher 10: 280. concordiae Schltr. = Osteospermum spinescens
Society 16: 394, 395. confusa Bolus = T. amplectens
(8) Hutchinson. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum 9: 416–418. crassifolia O.Hoffm.
(9) Moore. 1919. Journal of Botany, London 57: 90. Osteospermum crassifolium (O.Hoffm.) Norl. (14)
(10) Norlindh. 1939. Botaniska Notiser: 795. T. fruticosa Muschl. ex Engl., naked name (11)
(11) Norlindh. 1943. Studies in the Calenduleae: 263–346.
(12) Norlindh. 1954. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 48: 148–152. Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex, succulent. Ht up to 1 m.
(13) Norlindh. 1960. Botaniska Notiser 113: 393–399. Alt 5–900 m. N, NC, WC
(14) Nordenstam. 1994. Compositae Newsletter 25: 46–49. dentata (Burm.f.) Harv.
(15) Herman et al. 1997. List of southern African succulent plants: 40. Calendula arborescens Jacq. (11)
aghillana DC. var. aghillana Osteospermum dentatum Burm.f. (14)
Osteospermum picridioides DC. (11) T. arborescens (Jacq.) Less. (11)
Osteospermum scariosum DC. var. scariosum (14) T. rigida Harv. (11)
Tripterachaenium humile Kuntze (11) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 30–300 m. WC
Tripterachaenium scariosum (DC.) Kuntze (11) flexuosa Harv. = T. aghillana var. aghillana
T. flexuosa Harv. (11)
T. glandulosa Turcz. var. dentata Harv. (11) fruticosa Muschl. ex Engl., naked name = T. crassifolia
T. humilis Turcz. (11) glabra C.A.Sm. = Osteospermum glabrum
T. natalensis Harv. (11)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 100– glabrata (Thunb.) Harv. = T. oppositifolia
1900 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC, WC, glandulosa Muschl. = T. microcarpa subsp. micro-
EC carpa
aghillana DC. var. integrifolia Harv. glandulosa Turcz. in part = T. aghillana var. integrifolia
Osteospermum scariosum DC. var. integrifolium (Harv.) Norl. (14) glandulosa Turcz. var. dentata Harv. = T. aghillana var.
T. glandulosa Turcz. in part (11) aghillana
T. kraussii Sch.Bip. (11)
T. setifera DC. (11) gracilis Hutch. = T. amplectens
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 270– herbacea E.Mey. ex DC. = T. clandestina
1500 m. NC, WC, EC humilis Turcz. = T. aghillana var. aghillana
amplectens Harv. hyoseroides DC.
Osteospermum amplectens (Harv.) Norl. (14) Osteospermum hyoseroides (DC.) Norl. (14)
T. amplexicaulis DC. in part (5, 11) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 50–900 m. NC, WC
T. confusa Bolus (11)
T. gracilis Hutch. (11) hyoseroides DC. var. echinocarpa DC. = T. clandestina
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 90–900 m. NC, WC incana Harv. = T. oppositifolia
amplexicaulis DC. in part = T. amplectens integrifolia Dinter = Osteospermum karrooicum
amplexicaulis (Thunb.) Less. karrooica Bolus = Osteospermum karrooicum
Calendula amplexicaulis Thunb. (5, 11) kraussii Sch.Bip. = T. aghillana var. integrifolia
Osteospermum connatum DC. (5, 14)
leptoloba Harv. = Osteospermum leptolobum
limonifolia DC. = T. polycephala
amplexicaulis (Thunb.) Less. var. microtis DC. = T. micro-
carpa subsp. microcarpa linearis Harv. = T. sinuata var. linearis
macroptera DC. = T. oppositifolia
angolensis (Norl.) B.Nord.
Osteospermum angolense Norl. (14) microcarpa Harv. subsp. microcarpa
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 500–1500 m. N Osteospermum microcarpum (Harv.) Norl. subsp. microcarpum (14)
Osteospermum odoratum Klatt (11)
arborescens Harv., not of Less. = Osteospermum gran- T. amplexicaulis (Thunb.) Less. var. microtis DC. (12)
diflorum T. glandulosa Muschl. (11)
T. microtis (DC.) Hutch. (11)
arborescens (Jacq.) Less. = T. dentata T. namaquensis Schltr. (11)
atropurpurea Turcz. = T. clandestina Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 0–1300 m. N, NC, WC
ASTERACEAE Triplocephalum DICOTYLEDONS

microcarpa Harv. subsp. septentrionalis (Norl.) B.Nord. Osteospermum spinigerum Norl. (14)
Osteospermum microcarpum (Harv.) Norl. subsp. septentrionale Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 2000–3000 m.
(Norl.) Norl. (14) EC
Osteospermum microcarpum (Harv.) Norl. var. septentrionale Norl.
(14) thomii Harv. = T. oppositifolia
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 0–1500 m. N tomentosa (L.f.) Less.
microtis (DC.) Hutch. = T. microcarpa subsp. micro- Calendula tomentosa L.f. (5, 11)
Osteospermum cuspidatum DC. (11)
carpa Osteospermum tomentosum (L.f.) Norl. (14)
muschlerianus Dinter = Osteospermum spinescens Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 100–900 m. WC
namaquensis Schltr. = T. microcarpa subsp. micro-
carpa TROGLOPHYTON Hilliard & 8992020
B.L.Burtt
natalensis Harv. = T. aghillana var. aghillana Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
nervosa Hutch. (1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 39–46.
Osteospermum nervosum (Hutch.) Norl. (14)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 600–1300 m. N acocksianum Hilliard
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.5 m. Alt
oppositifolia (Aiton) B.Nord. 1000–2000 m. NC
Calendula glabrata Thunb. (5, 11, 13, 14)
Calendula oppositifolia Aiton (11, 13, 14) capillaceum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt subsp.
Osteospermum glabratum (Thunb.) Less. (5, 13, 14) capillaceum
Osteospermum oppositifolium (Aiton) Norl. (14) Gnaphalium capillaceum Thunb. (1)
T. glabrata (Thunb.) Harv. (11) Helichrysum capillaceum (Thunb.) Less. (1)
T. incana Harv. (11) Helichrysum capillaceum (Thunb.) Less. var. majus DC. (1)
T. macroptera DC. (5, 11) Helichrysum oreophilum Dinter (1)
T. pallescens DC. (11) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 45–1800 m. N, FS,
T. thomii Harv. (11)
NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 75–1100 m. N, NC,
WC capillaceum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt subsp. dif-
fusum (DC.) Hilliard
pachypteris (DC.) Harv. = Osteospermum spinescens Helichrysum capillaceum (Thunb.) Less. var. diffusum DC. (1)
pallescens DC. = T. oppositifolia Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 900–2100 m. FS,
petiolata DC. = Osteospermum grandiflorum KZN, L, EC
pinnatilobata (Norl.) B.Nord. elsiae Hilliard
Osteospermum pinnatilobatum Norl. (14) Annual. Herb, creeping. Length up to 0.12 m. Alt
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 500–1000 m. 1500–2000 m. WC
NC leptomerum Hilliard
polycephala DC. Annual. Herb, weakly erect or prostrate. Length up to
Osteospermum polycephalum (DC.) Norl. (14) 0.12 m. Alt 500–1500 m. NC, WC
T. limonifolia DC. (11)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 100–500 m. N, NC parvulum (Harv.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Gnaphalium parvulum Harv. (1)
rigida Harv. = T. dentata Helichrysum capillaceum (Thunb.) Less. var. erectum DC. (1)
rogersii S.Moore = Osteospermum rigidum var. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.15 m. Alt 460–1220 m. N,
rigidum NC, WC
rosulata (Norl.) B.Nord. tenellum Hilliard
Osteospermum rosulatum Norl. (14) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.1 m. Alt up to 1000 m. NC,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1000–1500 m. EC WC
scariosa DC. = T. clandestina *UROSPERMUM Scop. 9573000
setifera DC. = T. aghillana var. integrifolia Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
sinuata DC. var. linearis (Harv.) B.Nord. (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 603, 604.
Osteospermum sinuatum (DC.) Norl. var. lineare (Harv.) Norl. (14) capense (Jacq.) Spreng. = U. picroides
T. linearis Harv. (11, 14)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 500–1500 m. NC, picroides (L.) Scop. ex F.W.Schmidt
Tragopogon capensis Jacq. (1)
WC, EC Tragopogon picroides L. (1)
sinuata DC. var. sinuata U. capense (Jacq.) Spreng. (1)
Osteospermum sinuatum (DC.) Norl. var. sinuatum (14) Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 0–300 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 80–1600 m. N, KZN, WC, EC
NC, WC, EC
spathulata DC. URSINIA Gaertn. 9431000
Osteospermum spathulatum (DC.) Norl. (14) Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 150–550 m. (1) Kunze. 1847. Linnaea 20: 21.
EC (2) Brown. 1887. The Gardeners’ Chronicle 1,3: 670.
spinescens (Thunb.) Harv. = Osteospermum spines- Society 16: 393, 394.
cens (4) Henderson. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1232.
(5) Prassler. 1967. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
spinigera Norl. München 6: 363–478.
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Tripteris

(6) Hall. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1575. chrysanthemoides (Less.) Harv. var. geyeri (L.Bolus &
(7) Claassen. 1970. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1587. Harry Hall) Prassler = U. chrysanthemoides
(8) Jeffrey. 1970. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 177: t. 564.
(9) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 530–535. ciliaris (DC.) N.E.Br. = U. tenuifolia subsp. ciliaris
(10) Wijnands. 1985. Taxon 34: 310, 311.
concolor (Harv.) N.E.Br. = U. punctata
abrotanifolia (R.Br.) Spreng. coronopifolia (Less.) N.E.Br.
Sphenogyne abrotanifolia R.Br. (5)
Sphenogyne coronopifolia Less. (5)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 460–1300 m. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 400–1450 m.
WC WC
abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex Walp. = U. nana subsp. nana crithmifolia (R.Br.) Spreng. = U. paleacea
affinis Harv. = U. nana subsp. nana crithmifolia (R.Br.) Spreng. var. grandiflora (Harv.)
alpina N.E.Br. N.E.Br. = U. paleacea
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.38 m. Alt 1525–2745 m. crithmoides (P.J.Bergius) Poir. = U. paleacea
M, FS, KZN, EC
dentata (L.) Poir.
anethifolia (Less.) N.E.Br. = U. paleacea Arctotis dentata L. (5)
anethoides (DC.) N.E.Br. Arctotis pectinata Thunb. (5)
Sphenogyne anethoides DC. (5) Sphenogyne dentata (L.) R.Br. (5)
Sphenogyne dentata (L.) R.Br. var. setigera (DC.) Harv. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 5–900 m. WC, EC Sphenogyne setigera DC. (5)
annua Less. ex Harv. = U. nana subsp. nana U. dentata (L.) Poir. var. setigera (DC.) N.E.Br. (5)
anthemoides (L.) Poir. subsp. anthemoides Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 15–1525 m.
Arctotis anthemoides L. (5) NC, WC, EC
Arctotis foeniculacea Jacq. (5) dentata (L.) Poir. var. setigera (DC.) N.E.Br. = U. den-
Sphenogyne adonidifolia DC. (5)
Sphenogyne anthemoides (L.) R.Br. (5) tata
Sphenogyne foeniculacea (Jacq.) Less. (5) discolor (Less.) N.E.Br.
Sphenogyne microcephala DC. (5) Sphenogyne brevifolia DC. (5)
Sphenogyne pusilla DC. (5) Sphenogyne discolor Less. (5)
Sphenogyne speciosa Knowles & Westc. (5) Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 12–1450 m.
U. foeniculacea (Jacq.) N.E.Br. (5)
U. pulchra N.E.Br. (5) WC, EC
U. pusilla (DC.) N.E.Br. (5) dregeana (DC.) N.E.Br.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 15–1065 m. NC, Sphenogyne dregeana DC. (5)
WC, EC Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 500–1500 m.
anthemoides (L.) Poir. subsp. versicolor (DC.) Prassler NC, WC
Sphenogyne anthemoides (L.) R.Br. var. versicolor (DC.) Harv. (5) eckloniana (Sond.) N.E.Br.
Sphenogyne versicolor DC. (5) Sphenogyne eckloniana Sond. (5)
U. versicolor (DC.) N.E.Br. (5) Ursiniopsis eckloniana (Sond.) E.Phillips (5)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 190–1525 m. N, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 120–1220 m. WC
NC, WC engleriana Muschl. = U. nana subsp. nana
apiculata DC. = U. montana subsp. apiculata filiformis (A.Spreng.) Griess. = U. pinnata
argentea Compton = U. sericea filipes (E.Mey. ex DC.) N.E.Br.
bolusii Thell. = U. scariosa subsp. scariosa Sphenogyne filipes E.Mey. ex DC. (5)
brachyloba (Kunze) N.E.Br. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 610–1065 m.
Sphenogyne brachyloba Kunze (2) WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 1.2–1.5 m. Alt? ‘CP’ (1) foeniculacea (Jacq.) N.E.Br. = U. anthemoides subsp.
brachypoda (Harv.) N.E.Br. = U. hispida anthemoides
brevicaulis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans = U. montana frutescens Dinter
subsp. montana Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt ± 620 m. N, NC
cakilefolia DC. geyeri L.Bolus & Harry Hall = U. chrysanthemoides
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.5 m. Alt 70–915 m. NC, WC heterodonta (DC.) N.E.Br.
caledonica (E.Phillips) Prassler Sphenogyne heterodonta DC. (5)
Ursiniopsis caledonica E.Phillips (5) Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 15–1320 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 655–3450 m. WC NC, WC, EC
calenduliflora (DC.) N.E.Br. hispida (DC.) N.E.Br.
Sphenogyne calendulaeflora DC. (5) Sphenogyne brachypoda Harv. (5)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.35 m. Alt 250–750 m. NC, Sphenogyne hispida DC. (5)
WC U. brachypoda (Harv.) N.E.Br. (5)
chrysanthemoides (Less.) Harv.
Sphenogyne chrysanthemoides Less. (5) m. WC
U. chrysanthemoides (Less.) Harv. var. geyeri (L.Bolus & Harry incisa (DC.) N.E.Br. = U. serrata
Hall) Prassler (8)
U. geyeri L.Bolus & Harry Hall (8)
indecora DC. = U. nana subsp. nana
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 5– jacottetiana Thell. = U. montana subsp. montana
3352 m. NC, WC, EC longiscapa E.Phillips = U. paleacea
ASTERACEAE Ursinia DICOTYLEDONS

macropoda (DC.) N.E.Br. pinnata (Thunb.) Prassler

Sphenogyne macropoda DC. (5) Arctotis pinnata Thunb. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt up to 1350 m. WC U. filiformis (A.Spreng.) Griess. (5)
matricariifolia Dinter = U. nana subsp. nana
WC
merxmuelleri Prassler
pulchra N.E.Br. = U. anthemoides subsp. anthemoides
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt up to 1219 m.
WC punctata (Thunb.) N.E.Br.
Arctotis punctata Thunb. (5)
montana DC. subsp. apiculata (DC.) Prassler Sphenogyne anethoides DC. var. brachyglossa DC. (5)
U. apiculata DC. (5) Sphenogyne anethoides DC. var. ramossima DC. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt up to 2000 m. EC Sphenogyne concolor Harv. (5)
Sphenogyne gracilis DC. (5)
montana DC. subsp. montana Sphenogyne pauciloba DC. (5)
U. brevicaulis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans (5) U. concolor (Harv.) N.E.Br. (5)
U. jacottetiana Thell. (5) U. pauciloba (DC.) N.E.Br. (5)
U. subintegrifolia Bolus (5)
NC, WC
LIM, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
pusilla (DC.) N.E.Br. = U. anthemoides subsp. anthe-
montana DC. subsp. tenuiloba (DC.) Prassler = U. tenui-
moides
loba
pygmaea DC.
nana DC. subsp. leptophylla Prassler
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.2 m. Alt up to 365 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt up to 2195 m. B?,
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC quinquepartita (DC.) N.E.Br.
Sphenogyne quinquepartita DC. (5)
nana DC. subsp. nana Sphenogyne tripartita DC. (5)
U. abyssinica Sch.Bip. ex Walp. (5) Ursiniopsis quinquepartita (DC.) E.Phillips (5)
U. affinis Harv. (5)
U. annua Less. ex Harv. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 245–975 m. WC
U. engleriana Muschl. (5) rigidula (DC.) N.E.Br.
U. indecora DC. (5) Sphenogyne rigidula DC. (5)
U. matricariifolia Dinter (5) Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 45–1525 m.
U. schinzii Dinter (5)
WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.4 m. Alt 5–2479 m. N, LIM,
G, M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC saxatilis N.E.Br.
natalensis (Sch.Bip.) N.E.Br. = U. tenuiloba LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
nudicaulis (Thunb.) N.E.Br. scariosa (Aiton) Poir. subsp. scariosa
Arctotis nudicaulis Thunb. (5) Arctotis scariosa Aiton (5)
Sphenogyne chamomillaefolia DC. (5) Sphenogyne scariosa (Aiton) R.Br. (5)
Sphenogyne chamomillaefolia DC. var. elongata Harv. (5) U. bolusii Thell. (5)
Sphenogyne nudicaulis (Thunb.) Less. (5)
Sphenogyne nudicaulis (Thunb.) Less. var. alpina Harv. (5) Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt 91–1065 m.
Sphenogyne nudicaulis (Thunb.) Less. var. gracilior Harv. (5) WC, EC
Sphenogyne scapiformis DC. (5) scariosa (Aiton) Poir. subsp. subhirsuta (DC.) Prassler
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 15–1525 m. WC, Sphenogyne subhirsuta DC. (5)
EC U. subhirsuta (DC.) N.E.Br. (5)
oreogena Schltr. ex Prassler Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 460–1065 m.
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt up to 765 m. NC, WC
WC schinzii Dinter = U. nana subsp. nana
paleacea (L.) Moench sericea (Thunb.) N.E.Br.
Arctotis crithmoides P.J.Bergius (5) Arctotis sericea Thunb. (5)
Arctotis paleacea L. (10) Sphenogyne sericea (Thunb.) Less. (5)
Sphenogyne anethifolia Less. (5) U. argentea Compton (5)
Sphenogyne crithmifolia R.Br. (5) Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–0.75 m. Alt 460–2895 m.
Sphenogyne crithmifolia R.Br. var. grandiflora Harv. (5) NC, WC
Sphenogyne crithmifolia R.Br. var. trifurcata DC. (5)
Sphenogyne grandiflora DC. (5) serrata (L.f.) Poir.
U. anethifolia (Less.) N.E.Br. (5) Arctotis serrata L.f. (5)
U. crithmifolia (R.Br.) Spreng. (5) Sphenogyne serrata (L.f.) DC. (5)
U. crithmifolia (R.Br.) Spreng. var. grandiflora (Harv.) N.E.Br. (5) U. incisa (DC.) N.E.Br. (5)
U. crithmoides (P.J.Bergius) Poir. (10) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 91–1435 m. WC
U. longiscapa E.Phillips (5)
speciosa DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 30–1450 m. WC, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 151–915 m. N, NC,
EC WC
pauciloba (DC.) N.E.Br. = U. punctata subflosculosa (DC.) Prassler
pilifera (P.J.Bergius) Poir. Arctotis paleacea Thunb. (5)
Arctotis pilifera P.J.Bergius (5) Sphenogyne paleacea (Thunb.) Less. (5)
Sphenogyne pilifera (P.J.Bergius) DC. (5) Sphenogyne subflosculosa DC. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 215–1610 m. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt up to 1200 m.
NC, WC WC
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Ursinia

subhirsuta (DC.) N.E.Br. = U. scariosa subsp. subhir- pulvinatum Hilliard

suta Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.05 m. Alt up
subintegrifolia Bolus = U. montana subsp. montana to 500 m. WC
tenuifolia (L.) Poir. subsp. ciliaris (DC.) Prassler vellereum (R.A.Dyer) Hilliard
Sphenogyne ciliaris DC. (5) Helichrysum vellereum R.A.Dyer (1)
Sphenogyne trifurca Harv. (5) Perennial. Herb, decumbent or ascending. Length up
Ursinia ciliaris (DC.) N.E.Br. (5) to 0.6 m. Alt 0–10 m. EC
Ursinia trifurca (Harv.) N.E.Br. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 5–380 m. WC VENIDIUM Less. 9432010
tenuifolia (L.) Poir. subsp. tenuifolia arctotoides (L.f.) Less. = Arctotis arctotoides
Arctotis tenuifolia L. (5)
Sphenogyne tenuifolia (L.) DC. (5) aureum DC. = Arctotis fastuosa
Sphenogyne tenuifolia (L.) DC. var. heterochroma Harv. (5) bellidiastrum S.Moore = Arctotis bellidiastrum
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt up to 75 m. WC bolusii S.Moore = Arctotis bolusii
tenuiloba DC. cinerarium DC. = Arctotis perfoliata
U. montana DC. subsp. tenuiloba (DC.) Prassler (9)
U. natalensis (Sch.Bip.) N.E.Br. (9) decurrens Less. = Arctotis arctotoides
U. tysoniana E.Phillips (9) discolor Less. = Arctotis discolor
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 16–2440 m. LIM, M, erosum Harv. = Arctotis erosa
S, KZN, EC fastuosum (Jacq.) Stapf = Arctotis fastuosa
trifida (Thunb.) N.E.Br. forma calva Prassler fugax Harv. = Arctotis hirsuta
hirsutum Harv. = Arctotis hirsuta
trifida (Thunb.) N.E.Br. forma trifida
Arctotis trifida Thunb. (5) hispidulum DC. = Arctotis hirsuta
Sphenogyne leptoglossa DC. (5) hispidulum Less. = Arctotis hispidula
Sphenogyne trifida (Thunb.) Less. (5) kraussii Sch.Bip. = Arctotis hirsuta
Sphenogyne triloba DC. (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 48–1228 m. WC macrocephalum DC. = Arctotis fastuosa
trifurca (Harv.) N.E.Br. = U. tenuifolia subsp. ciliaris macrospermum DC. = Arctotis macrosperma
tysoniana E.Phillips = U. tenuiloba microcephalum DC. = Arctotis microcephala
versicolor (DC.) N.E.Br. = U. anthemoides subsp. ver- perfoliatum Less. = Arctotis perfoliata
sicolor puberulum DC. = Arctotis hispidula
rogersii S.Moore = Arctotis rogersii
URSINIOPSIS E.Phillips 9431020 semipapposum DC. = Arctotis semipapposa
caledonica E.Phillips = Ursinia caledonica serpens S.Moore = Arctotis serpens
eckloniana (Sond.) E.Phillips = Ursinia eckloniana
subacaule DC. = Arctotis hirsuta
quinquepartita (DC.) E.Phillips = Ursinia quinquepar-
wyleyi Harv. = Arctotis fastuosa
tita
VELLEREOPHYTON Hilliard 8992010 *VERBESINA L. 9218000

& B.L.Burtt Compiled by N. Netnou
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman (1) Steyermark. 1963. Flora of Missouri: 1578−1580.
(2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 179.
(1) Hilliard. 1983. FSA 33,7,2: 31–37.
dealbatum (Thunb.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt asteroides L. = Amellus asteroides subsp. asteroides
Gnaphalium candidissimum Lam., illegitimate name (1) biflora L. = Melanthera biflora
Gnaphalium carroënse Schrank. (1)
Gnaphalium dealbatum Thunb. (1) encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. var. encelioides
Gnaphalium maculatum Thunb. (1) Ximenesia encelioides Cav. (2)
Gnaphalium micranthum Thunb. (1) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 90–1465 m. N, B, LIM,
Perennial. Herb, prostrate to weakly erect. Length NW, NC
0.03–0.45 m. Alt 0–750 m. NC, WC, EC encelioides (Cav.) Benth. & Hook. var. exauriculata
felinum Hilliard C.B.Rob. & Greenm.
Perennial. Herb, decumbent. Length 0.05–0.15 m. Alt Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 30–610 m. EC
1000–1220 m. WC sativa Roxb. = Guizotia abyssinica
gracillimum Hilliard
Annual. Herb, decumbent, then erect. Length 0.01– VERNONIA Schreb. 8751000
0.04 m. Alt 600–1000 m. NC, WC Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
lasianthum (Schltr. & Moeser) Hilliard (1) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 48–53.
Helichrysum lasianthum Schltr. & Moeser (1) (2) Oliver. 1875. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 29:
Annual? Herb, prostrate. Length up to 0.15 m. Alt 90–93.
1500–2500 m. NC (3) Oliver & Hiern. 1877. FTA 3: 266–297.
(4) Hoffmann. 1889. Botanische Jahrbücher 10: 272.
niveum Hilliard (5) Klatt. 1892. Annalen des Natürhistorischen Museums, Wien 7:
Perennial. Herb, prostrate to weakly erect. Length 100.
0.03–0.45 m. Alt 10–975 m. WC (6) Moore. 1914. Journal of Botany, London 52: 95.
ASTERACEAE Ursinia DICOTYLEDONS

(7) Fries. 1916. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 360–1200 m. N, B,
Rhodesia-Kongo-Expedition 1: 324. LIM, M?
(8) Bremekamp. 1933. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 15: 262.
(9) Phillips. 1936. Journal of Botany, London 74: 205, 206. cinerea (L.) Less. var. cinerea = Cyanthillium cinereum
(10) Henderson. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1213. var. cinereum
(11) Merxmüller. 1960. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
München 3: 608, 609. collina Klatt = Pegolettia lanceolata
(12) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 139: 179–184. collina Schltr. = V. thodei
(13) Claassen. 1970. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1592.
(14) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 25–46. colorata (Willd.) Drake subsp. colorata
(15) Wild. 1978. Kirkia 11: 31–127. Eupatorium coloratum Willd. (14, 22)
(16) Merxmüller & Roessler. 1979. Mitteilungen der Botanischen V. senegalensis (Pers.) Less. (14, 22)
Staatssammlung München 15: 377, 378. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.9–9 m. Alt 20–975 m.
(17) Hilliard & Burtt. 1985. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden B, LIM, M, S, KZN
Edinburgh 42: 238, 239.
(18) Anderberg. 1986. Cladistics 2: 184. corymbosa (L.f.) Less. = V. tigna
(19) Pope. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 37–43. crataegifolia Hutch.
(20) Jeffrey. 1988. Kew Bulletin 43: 195–248. V. mespilifolia Less. var. subcanescens DC. (14)
(21) Pope. 1988. Kew Bulletin 43: 279–289. V. pseudo-corymbosa Thell. (14)
(22) Pope. 1992. FZ 6,1: 57–151.
(23) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 60–2000 m. LIM,
tropicale 4: 335–349. M, S, KZN, EC
(24) Jeffrey & Beentje. 2000. FTEA Compositae (Part 1): 159–270. dregeana Sch.Bip.
acuminatissima S.Moore Cacalia nudicaulis (DC.) Kuntze (14)
V. rogersii S.Moore (20, 22) Webbia nudicaulis DC. (14)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt ± 760 m. LIM, KZN Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 0–1920
adoensis Sch.Bip. ex Walp. var. kotschyana (Sch.Bip. ex m. M, KZN, EC
Walp.) G.V.Pope = Baccharoides adoensis var. elaeagnoides (DC.) Sch.Bip. = V. oligocephala
kotschyana erinacea Wild = V. rhodanthoidea
adoensis Sch.Bip. ex Walp. var. mossambiquensis (Steetz) fastigiata Oliv. & Hiern
G.V.Pope = Baccharoides adoensis var. mossam- V. schinzii O.Hoffm. (14, 22)
biquensis Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 30–
africana (Sond.) Druce 1800 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN
V. vernonella Harv. (14) flanaganii (E.Phillips) Hilliard
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 75–150 V. hirsuta (DC.) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. var. flanaganii E.Phillips (17)
m. KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt 1350–2135 m. FS,
ampla O.Hoffm. = V. myriantha KZN
amygdalina Delile fulviseta S.Moore = Baccharoides adoensis var. mos-
V. randii S.Moore (14, 20, 22) sambiquensis
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 8 m. Alt 130–1065 galpinii Klatt
m. B, LIM, M, S, KZN Cacalia harveyi Kuntze (14)
angolensis (O.Hoffm.) N.E.Br. = Distephanus angolensis Pegolettia tenella DC. (18)
V. monocephala Harv., illegitimate name (14, 22)
angulifolia DC. = Distephanus angulifolius Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.6 m. Alt 91–2100 m. B,
anisochaetoides Sond. = Distephanus anisochaetoides LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
anthelmintica (L.) Willd. = Baccharoides anthelmintica gerberiformis Oliv. & Hiern subsp. macrocyanus
aristata (DC.) Sch.Bip. = V. natalensis (O.Hoffm.) C.Jeffrey
V. primulina O.Hoffm. (16, 22)
aurantiaca (O.Hoffm.) N.E.Br. = Distephanus divari- Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.75 m. Alt ± 700 m. N, B,
catus LIM
bainesii Oliv. & Hiern subsp. bainesii gerrardii Harv.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt? ‘Tvl’? (22) Cacalia gerrardii (Harv.) Kuntze (14)
capensis (Houtt.) Druce Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.18–0.6 m. Alt 150–1600 m.
Cacalia capensis (Houtt.) Kuntze (14) KZN
Conyza canescens L.f. (14)
Conyza pinifolia Lam. (14) glabra in sense of Wild in part, not of (Steetz) Vatke,
Erigeron capense Houtt. (14) misapplied name = V. rosenii
V. pinifolia (Lam.) Less. (14) glabra (Steetz) Vatke var. glabra
Webbia pinifolia (Lam.) DC. (14) Linzia glabra Steetz var. glabra (12, 20)
Perennial. Herb, geophyte. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 15–2100 V. glabra (Steetz) Vatke var. ondongensis (Klatt) Merxm. (15, 22)
m. M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC V. obconica Oliv. & Hiern (15, 20)
V. ondongensis Klatt (15, 22)
centaureoides Klatt
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt Perennial. Herb. Ht 1.2–3 m. Alt 900–1158 m. N, B,
18–1570 m. M, S, KZN LIM
cinerascens Sch.Bip. glabra (Steetz) Vatke var. laxa (Steetz) Brenan
Linzia glabra Steetz var. laxa Steetz (20, 22)
V. luederitziana O.Hoffm. (12)
V. porta-taurinae Dinter ex Merxm. (12) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.85 m. Alt 15–1000 m. N, B,
V. squarrosa Dinter ex Merxm. (12) LIM, M, S, KZN
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Vernonia

glabra (Steetz) Vatke var. ondongensis (Klatt) Merxm. Cacalia elaeagnoides (DC.) Kuntze (14)
= V. glabra var. glabra V. elaeagnoides (DC.) Sch.Bip. (22)
V. kraussii Sch.Bip. ex Walp. (12, 14, 20, 22)
hirsuta (DC.) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. Webbia elaeagnoides DC. (14, 22)
V. hirsuta (DC.) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. var. obtusifolia Harv. (14) Webbia oligocephala DC. (12, 14, 22)
Webbia hirsuta DC. (22) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–1 m. Alt 15–2338 m. N, B,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 5–2285 m. LIM, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
ondongensis Klatt = V. glabra var. glabra
hirsuta (DC.) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. var. flanaganii
petersii Oliv. & Hiern ex Oliv.
E.Phillips = V. flanaganii
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.2 m. Alt up to 1160 m. N, B
hirsuta (DC.) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. var. obtusifolia Harv. =
pinifolia (Lam.) Less. = V. capensis
V. hirsuta
podocoma Sch.Bip. ex Vatke = V. myriantha
inhacensis G.V.Pope
Perennial. Shrub, climber or scrambler. Ht up to 0.5 m. porta-taurinae Dinter ex Merxm. = V. cinerascens
Alt 5–50 m. KZN poskeana Vatke & Hildebr. subsp. botswanica G.V.Pope
kraussii Sch.Bip. ex Walp. = V. oligocephala Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 300–1850 m. N, B,
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, NC
leptolepis Baker = Baccharoides adoensis var. kot-
schyana poskeana Vatke & Hildebr. var. chlorolepis (Steetz)
O.Hoffm. = V. steetziana
luederitziana O.Hoffm. = V. cinerascens
potamophila Klatt
lutea N.E.Br. = Distephanus angolensis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.6 m. Alt 500–1000 m. N
meiostephana C.Jeffrey primulina O.Hoffm. = V. gerberiformis subsp. macro-
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 350–850 m. LIM, M, cyanus
S
pseudo-corymbosa Thell. = V. crataegifolia
melleri Oliv. & Hiern var. melleri
pseudonatalensis Wild = V. natalensis
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt? B
randii S.Moore = V. amygdalina
merenskiana Dinter ex Merxm., naked name = Erlangea
misera rhodanthoidea Muschl.
V. erinacea Wild (24)
mespilifolia Less. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt ± 1000 m. LIM, NW, G
Cacalia mespilifolia (Less.) Kuntze (14)
Perennial. Shrub, climber or scrambler. Ht 0.6–9 m. rogersii S.Moore = V. acuminatissima
Alt 0–1830 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC rosenii R.E.Fr.
V. glabra in sense of Wild in part, not of (Steetz) Vatke, misapplied
mespilifolia Less. var. subcanescens DC. = V. crataegi- name (22)
folia Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.9 m. Alt? B
misera Oliv. & Hiern = Erlangea misera schinzii O.Hoffm. = V. fastigiata
monocephala Harv., illegitimate name = V. galpinii schlechteri O.Hoffm.
mossambiquensis (Steetz) Oliv. & Hiern = Baccharoi- Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.75 m. Alt 600–1650 m. M, S
des adoensis var. mossambiquensis schoenfelderiana Dinter ex Merxm. = Pleiotaxis antu-
myriantha Hook.f. nesii
V. ampla O.Hoffm. (20, 22) senegalensis (Pers.) Less. = V. colorata subsp. colorata
V. podocoma Sch.Bip. ex Vatke (20, 22)
V. stipulacea Klatt (20, 22) shirensis Oliv. & Hiern = Baccharoides adoensis var.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–7 m. Alt 430–1920 m. LIM, mossambiquensis
M, S, KZN squarrosa Dinter ex Merxm. = V. cinerascens
natalensis Oliv. & Hiern staehelinoides Harv.
Cacalia aristata (DC.) Kuntze (14) Perennial. Shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 1000–
V. aristata (DC.) Sch.Bip. (22) 1830 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS
V. pseudonatalensis Wild (22)
Webbia aristata DC. (14, 20, 22) steetziana Oliv. & Hiern
V. poskeana Vatke & Hildebr. var. chlorolepis (Steetz) O.Hoffm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.2 m. Alt 5–2200 m. LIM, (19, 22)
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 305–1030 m. N, B,
neocorymbosa Hilliard = V. tigna LIM, M, S, KZN
nestor S.Moore stenolepis Oliv. = Baccharoides anthelmintica
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt? KZN
stipulacea Klatt = V. myriantha
obconica Oliv. & Hiern = V. glabra var. glabra
sutherlandii Harv.
obionifolia O.Hoffm. subsp. dentata Merxm. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt 455–1830 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.8 m. Alt 1000–1850 m. N LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
obionifolia O.Hoffm. subsp. obionifolia
thodei E.Phillips
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 1000–1420 m. N, V. collina Schltr. (14)
NC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.17 m. Alt 900–2135 m. M,
oligocephala (DC.) Sch.Bip. ex Walp. FS, KZN
ASTERACEAE Vernonia DICOTYLEDONS

tigna Klatt pungens Wallr. = X. strumarium

Cacalia corymbosa (L.f.) Kuntze (22)
Staehelina corymbosa L.f. (22) spinosum L.
V. corymbosa (L.f.) Less. (22) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 45–1620 m. B, LIM,
V. neocorymbosa Hilliard (22) NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 0–2000 m. LIM, M, strumarium L.
S, FS, KZN, EC X. natalense Widder (1)
X. pungens Wallr. (1)
transvaalensis Hutch. = V. wollastonii
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 30–2125 m. B, LIM,
triflora Bremek. NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
LIM, M XENISMIA DC. 9427040
umbratica Oberm. = V. wollastonii
acanthosperma DC. = Osteospermum acanthosper-
vallicola S.Moore mum
vernonella Harv. = V. africana XERANTHEMUM L. 9445000
vitellina N.E.Br. = Distephanus divaricatus argenteum Thunb. = Syncarpha argentea
whyteana Britten = Baccharoides adoensis var. mos- canescens L. = Syncarpha canescens subsp. canescens
sambiquensis ciliatum L. = Polyarrhena reflexa subsp. reflexa
wollastonii S.Moore ericoides Lam. = Dolichothrix ericoides
V. transvaalensis Hutch. (15, 22)
V. umbratica Oberm. (15, 20, 22) fasciculatum Andrews = Edmondia fasciculata
Perennial. Shrub, scrambler. Ht 0.6–3 m. Alt 155– ferrugineum Lam. = Syncarpha ferruginea
1980 m. LIM, M, S, KZN herbaceum Andrews = Helichrysum herbaceum
woodii O.Hoffm. = Baccharoides adoensis var. kots- humile Andrews = Edmondia pinifolia
chyana
lancifolium Thunb. = Helichrysum lancifolium
VICOA Cass. 9061030 paniculatum L. = Syncarpha paniculata
auriculata Cass. = Pentanema indicum pinifolium Lam. = Edmondia pinifolia
WEBBIA Sch.Bip. 8926010 proliferum L. = Phaenocoma prolifera
aristata DC. = Vernonia natalensis recurvatum L.f. = Syncarpha recurvata
elaeagnoides DC. = Vernonia oligocephala retortum L. = Helichrysum retortum
hirsuta DC. = Vernonia hirsuta sesamoides L. = Edmondia sesamoides
kraussii Sch.Bip. = Conyza obscura speciosissimum L. = Syncarpha speciosissima subsp.
speciosissima
nudicaulis DC. = Vernonia dregeana
spinosum L. = Macledium spinosum
oligocephala DC. = Vernonia oligocephala
squamosum Jacq. = Edmondia pinifolia
pinifolia (Lam.) DC. = Vernonia capensis
staehelina L. = Syncarpha staehelina
*WEDELIA Jacq. 9192000 stoloniferum L.f. = Helichrysum stoloniferum
Compiled by N. Netnou striatum Thunb. = Syncarpha striata
(1) Wells et al. 1986. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South variegatum P.J.Bergius = Syncarpha variegata
Africa No. 53: 543.
(2) Pruski. 1996. Novon 6: 404–418. vestitum L. = Syncarpha vestita
biflora (L.) Wight = Melanthera biflora virgatum P.J.Bergius = Syncarpha virgata
diversipapposa S.Moore = Aspilia mossambicensis
XEROTHAMNUS DC. 9427050
glauca (Ortega) Hoffm. ex Hicken
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt up to 1486 m. G ecklonianus DC. = Gibbaria scabra
gossweileri S.Moore = Blainvillea gayana
mossambicensis Oliv. = Aspilia mossambicensis XIMENESIA Cav. 9218010
natalensis Sond. = Aspilia natalensis encelioides Cav. = Verbesina encelioides var. ence-
lioides
paludosa DC. = Sphagneticola trilobata
trilobata (L.) Hitchc. = Sphagneticola trilobata *YOUNGIA Cass. 9605010
triternata Klatt = Melanthera triternata Compiled by P.P.J. Herman
*XANTHIUM L. 9148000 (1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 635, 636.
Compiled by N. Netnou japonica (L.) DC.

Crepis japonica (L.) Benth. (1)
(1) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 297–299. Prenanthes japonica L. (1)
natalense Widder = X. strumarium Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 0–500 m. KZN
DICOTYLEDONS ASTERACEAE Vernonia

*ZINNIA L. 9155000 ecklonis (DC.) Kuntze

Homochroma ecklonis DC. (2, 6)
Compiled by N. Netnou Mairia ecklonis (DC.) Sond. (6)
(1) Torres. 1963. Brittonia 15: 1–25. Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.15–0.3 m.
(2) Hilliard. 1977. Compositae in Natal: 299, 300. Alt 180–520 m. WC
multiflora L. = Z. peruviana foliosa (Harv.) Kuntze
peruviana (L.) L. Mairia foliosa Harv. (6)
Z. multiflora L. (2) Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 80–1220 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 40–2125 m. B, LIM, WC
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
hirsuta (DC.) Kuntze = Mairia hirsuta
lasiocarpa (DC.) Kuntze
ZOUTPANSBERGIA Hutch. 9051010 Felicia lasiocarpa (DC.) Compton, not of F. lasiocarpa DC. (6)
Mairia lasiocarpa DC. (6)
caerulea Hutch. = Callilepis caerulea
1860 m. WC
ZYRPHELIS Cass. 8882010 microcephala (Less.) Nees
Compiled by P.P.J. Herman Elphegea microcephala Less. (2, 6)
(1) Nees von Esenbeck. 1832. Genera et species Asterearum: 250, 252. Mairia microcephala (Less.) DC. (6)
(2) Harvey. 1865. FC 3: 64–66. Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt
(3) Kuntze. 1891. Revisio generum plantarum 1: 374. 120–1490 m. WC
(4) Schlechter. 1900. Botanische Jahrbücher 27: 199, 200.
(5) Grau. 1973. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung München montana (Schltr.) G.L.Nesom
9: 565. Aster leiocarpus (DC.) Harv. (5)
(6) Nesom. 1994. Phytologia 76: 85–93. Mairia montana Schltr. (6)
(7) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 372, 373. Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt
burchellii (DC.) Kuntze 140–915 m. WC
Mairia burchellii DC. (6) perezioides (Less.) G.L.Nesom
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 425–855 m. WC Aster perezioides Less. (2, 6)
Mairia perezioides (Less.) Nees (6)
corymbosa (Harv.) Kuntze = Gymnostephium pappo- Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 480–1370 m.
sum WC
crenata (Thunb.) Kuntze = Mairia crenata taxifolia (L.) Nees
decumbens (Schltr.) G.L.Nesom Aster taxifolius L. (2, 6)
Mairia decumbens Schltr. (6) Mairia taxifolia (L.) DC. (6)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Length 0.05–0.1 m. Alt ± 1200 Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt
m. WC 360–1400 m. WC
AVICENNIACEAE
Compiled by E. Retief & H.F. Glen
AVICENNIA L. 7205000 (6) Van Wyk et al. 2000. Photographic guide to trees of southern
Africa: 57.
(1) Baker. 1900. FTA 5: 331, 332.
(2) Moldenke & Moldenke. 1983. A revised handbook to the flora of marina (Forssk.) Vierh.
Ceylon 4: 126–136. A. officinalis in sense of Baker, not L. (1)
(3) Duke. 1991. Australian Systematic Botany 4: 299–324. Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–15 m. Alt 0–50 m. KZN, EC
(4) Verdcourt. 1992. FTEA Verbenaceae: 144–146.
(5) Everett. 1994. Telopea 5: 627–629. officinalis in sense of Baker, not L. = A. marina
BALANITACEAE
BALANITES Delile 3980000 angolensis (Welw.) Welw. ex Mildbr. & Schltr. subsp.
(1) Launert. 1963. FZ 2: 221–224. welwitschii (Tiegh.) Sands
(2) Merxmüller. 1973. FSWA 66: 1. B. welwitschii (Tiegh.) Exell & Mendonça (3)
(3) Sands. 2001. Kew Bulletin 56: 1–128. Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 1–4 m. Alt? N
aegyptiaca (L.) Delile var. aegyptiaca australis Bremek. = B. pedicellaris subsp. pedicellaris
Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 1.5–12 m. Alt? N, B dawei Sprague = B. maughamii subsp. maughamii
ASTERACEAE *Zinnia DICOTYLEDONS

maughamii Sprague subsp. maughamii B. australis Bremek. (1)

B. dawei Sprague (1) Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 1.5–8 m. Alt 15–1450 m.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–20 m. Alt 0–1000 m. LIM, M, S, KZN B, LIM, M, S, KZN
pedicellaris Mildbr. & Schltr. subsp. pedicellaris welwitschii = B. angolensis subsp. welwitschii
BALANOPHORACEAE
Compiled by A.M. Makwarela & M.C. Makgakga
MYSTROPETALON Harv. 2155000 1650 m. WC

(1) Wright. 1925. FC 5,2: 214, 215.
(2) Hansen. 1986. Botanische Jahrbücher 106,3: 370–374. SARCOPHYTE Sparrm. 2158000
polemannii Harv. = M. thomii (1) Phillips. 1925. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 5: t. 176.
(2) Wright. 1925. FC 5,2: 213, 214.
sollyii Harv.-Gibs. = M. thomii (3) Hansen. 1986. Botanische Jahrbücher 106,3: 364–367.
thomii Harv.
M. polemannii Harv. (2) sanguinea Sparrm. subsp. sanguinea
M. sollyii Harv.-Gibs. (2) Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 60–1800
Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.06–0.25 m. Alt 45– m. LIM, M, KZN, EC
BALSAMINACEAE
Compiled by R.H. Archer
IMPATIENS L. 4856000 marlothiana G.M.Schulze = I. hochstetteri subsp.

(1) Grey-Wilson. 1980. Impatiens of Africa: 1–235. hochstetteri
capensis Thunb. = I. hochstetteri subsp. hochstetteri oliveri C.H.Wright ex W.Watson = I. sodenii
duthieae L.Bolus = I. hochstetteri subsp. hochstetteri *sodenii Engl. & Warb.
flanaganiae Hemsl. I. oliveri C.H.Wright ex W.Watson (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 10–150 m. KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub or herb. Ht 1–3 m. Alt? G, M
hochstetteri Warb. subsp. hochstetteri sylvicola Burtt Davy & Greenway
I. capensis Thunb. (1) Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.75 m. Alt
I. duthieae L.Bolus (1)
I. marlothiana G.M.Schulze (1)
930–1675 m. LIM, M, KZN
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.21 m. Alt 70– *walleriana Hook.f.
2155 m. LIM, NW, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt ?–770 m. LIM, G, M
BASELLACEAE
*ANREDERA Juss. 2428000 BASELLA L. 2424000

(1) Stannard. 1988. FZ 9,1: 161. (1) Verdcourt. 1964. Kew Bulletin 17: 496–498.
(2) Verdcourt. 1968. FTEA Basellaceae: 1–4.
cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis (3) Stannard. 1988. FZ 9,1: 161–163.
Perennial. Climber, succulent. Ht 1.5–8 m. Alt 10–
1800 m. M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC paniculata Volkens
Perennial. Climber, succulent. Ht variable. Alt 30–100
m. LIM, KZN
BEGONIACEAE
BEGONIA L. 5397000 (2) Phillips. 1937. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 17: t. 673.
(3) Marais. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1233.
(1) Phillips. 1928. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 8: t. 283. (4) Hilliard. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1698.
DICOTYLEDONS BALANITACEAE Balanites

(5) Hilliard. 1976. FSA 22: 136–144. *hirtella Link

(6) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.75 m. Alt? KZN
tropicale 1: 137–139.
(7) McLellan. 1994. South African Journal of Botany 60: 136, 137. homonyma Steud.
(8) Tebbitt. 1997. European garden flora 5: 277–290. B. caffra Meisn. (5)
(9) McLellan. 2000. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 132: Perennial. Herb, caudiciform. Ht 0.15–1.06 m. Alt 30–
79–95. 765 m. KZN, EC
buttonii Irmsch = B. sutherlandii subsp. sutherlandii natalensis Hook. = B. dregei
caffra Meisn. = B. homonyma richardsiana T.Moore = B. dregei
*cucullata Willd. sonderiana Irmsch.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt up to 305 m. EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–1 m. Alt 200–1925 m. LIM,
dissecta Irmsch = B. sutherlandii subsp. sutherlandii M, S, KZN
dregei Otto & A.Dietr. suffruticosa Meisn. = B. dregei
B. natalensis Hook. (5) suffruticosa Meisn. var. gueinziana A.DC. = B. suther-
B. richardsiana T.Moore (5) landii subsp. sutherlandii
B. suffruticosa Meisn. (5)
Perennial. Herb, caudiciform. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 5– sutherlandii Hook.f. subsp. sutherlandii
B. buttonii Irmsch (5)
1219 m. KZN, EC B. dissecta Irmsch (5)
geranioides Hook.f. B. suffruticosa Meisn. var. gueinziana A.DC. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 700–1375 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–1 m. Alt 200–2800 m. LIM,
KZN M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
BIGNONIACEAE
Compiled by S.J. Smithies
BIGNONIA L. 7705000 ovalifolia R.Br. = J. mimosifolia

africana Lam. = Kigelia africana
KIGELIA DC. 7761000
capensis Thunb. = Tecoma capensis
unguis-cati L. = Macfadyena unguis-cati (2) Merxmüller & Schreiber. 1967. FSWA 128: 2, 3.
(3) Diniz. 1988. FZ 8,3: 83−85, t. 18.
CATOPHRACTES D.Don 7723000 africana (Lam.) Benth.
(1) Sprague. 1904. FC 4,2: 453. Bignonia africana Lam. (2)
(2) Verdoorn. 1949. The Flowering Plants of Africa 27: t. 1060. K. pinnata (Jacq.) DC. (2)
(3) Diniz. 1988. FZ 8,3: 70−72, t. 12. Perennial. Tree. Ht 2−25 m. Alt 25–1070 m. N, B,
alexandri D.Don LIM, G, M, S, KZN
C. welwitschii Seem. (1)
pinnata (Jacq.) DC. = K. africana
Perennial. Shrub or small tree. Ht 0.9−2(–4) m. Alt
530−2000 m. N, B, LIM, NC
*MACFADYENA A.DC. 7706000
welwitschii Seem. = C. alexandri (1) Gentry. 1973. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 60: 870–876.
DOLICHANDRONE Cham. 7712000
unguis-cati (L.) A.H.Gentry
obtusifolia Baker, as ‘Dolichandra’ = Markhamia obtusi- Bignonia unguis-cati L. (1)
folia Doxantha unguis-cati (L.) Miers emended Rehder (1)
Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt 3–1800 m. LIM, G, M, S,
DOXANTHA Miers 7670000 KZN
unguis-cati (L.) Miers emended Rehder = Macfadyena
unguis-cati MARKHAMIA Seem. ex Baill. 7744000
(1) Merxmüller & Schreiber. 1967. FSWA 128: 3, 4.
GELSEMINUM Kuntze 7714000 (2) Ross. 1978. The Flowering Plants of Africa 44: t. 1757.
(3) Diniz. 1988. FZ 8,3: 72−77, t. 14A.
capense (Thunb.) Kuntze = Tecoma capensis (4) Diniz. 1993. CFA 122: 21−26.
*JACARANDA Juss. 7725000 acuminata (Klotzsch) K.Schum. = M. zanzibarica

(1) Bailey & Bailey. 1977. Hortus third: 610. obtusifolia (Baker) Sprague
(2) Gentry & Morawetz. 1992. In Gentry, Flora neotropica, Mono- Dolichandrone obtusifolia Baker, as ‘Dolichandra’ (1)
graph 25,II: 51−104. Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 0.6−15 m. Alt 910−945 m.
(3) Henderson. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: 224. N, B, LIM?
mimosifolia D.Don zanzibarica (Bojer ex DC.) K.Schum.
J. ovalifolia R.Br. (1) M. acuminata (Klotzsch) K.Schum. (3)
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 22 m. Alt 5–1800 m. LIM, Spathodea acuminata Klotzsch (3)
NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC Spathodea zanzibarica Bojer ex DC. (3)
BEGONIACEAE Begonia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht ?−9 m. Alt 520−940 m. N, Perennial. Shrub or small tree. Ht 1.2−7 m. Alt 30−790
B, LIM, M m. B, LIM, M, S, KZN
PANDOREA Spach 7716000 SPATHODEA P.Beauv. 7742000

ricasoliana (Tanfani) Baillon = Podranea ricasoliana acuminata Klotzsch = Markhamia zanzibarica
zanzibarica Bojer ex DC. = Markhamia zanzibarica
PODRANEA Sprague 7716010
(1) Sprague. 1904. FC 4,2: 449, 450. TECOMA Juss. 7733000
(2) Verdoorn. 1961. The Flowering Plants of Africa 34: t. 1347.
(1) Gentry. 1992. Flora neotropica, Monograph. 25,II: 273−293.
ricasoliana (Tanfani) Sprague (2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 373.
Pandorea ricasoliana (Tanfani) Baillon (1) (3) Henderson. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: 215.
Tecoma ricasoliana Tanfani (1)
capensis (Thunb.) Lindl.
Perennial. Scrambler, occ. shrub. Ht? Alt 6−240 m. Bignonia capensis Thunb. (1)
KZN, EC Gelseminum capense (Thunb.) Kuntze (1)
Tecomaria capensis (Thunb.) Spach (1)
RHIGOZUM Burch. 7722000 Tecomaria krebsii Klotzsch (1)
Tecomaria petersii Klotzsch (1)
(1) Sprague. 1904. FC 4,2: 450−453.
(2) Sprague. 1906. FTA 4,2: 530−532. Perennial. Shrub, scrambler or small tree. Ht 0.5−
(3) Phillips. 1930. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 10: t. 381. 7.5(–10) m. Alt 15−1645 m. LIM, M, S, KZN,
(4) Merxmüller & Schreiber. 1967. FSWA 128: 4, 5. WC?, EC
(5) Giess. 1968. Dinteria 1: 31−51.
(6) Diniz. 1988. FZ 8,3: 67−70. ricasoliana Tanfani = Podranea ricasoliana
brevispinosum Kuntze *stans (L.) Juss. ex Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth var. stans
R. linifolium S.Moore (2) Perennial. Shrub or small tree. Ht 2−4(–6) m. Alt 3–
R. spinosum Burch. ex Sprague (2) 1670 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6−4 m. Alt 60−1400 m. N, B,
LIM, NW, M, NC TECOMARIA (Endl.) Spach 7713000
linifolium S.Moore = R. brevispinosum Note: the sinking of Tecomaria under Tecoma is questionable and a
close study of the two genera is needed. Recent authors vary in their
obovatum Burch. use of the two names.
Perennial. Shrub or small tree. Ht 0.7−4.5 m. Alt 200−
(1) Sprague. 1904. FC 4, 2: 448, 449.
1980 m. N, LIM, M, FS, NC, WC, EC (2) Phillips. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: t. 903.
spinosum Burch. ex Sprague = R. brevispinosum (3) Diniz. 1988. FZ 8,3: 64−67.
trichotomum Burch. tropicale 4: 461.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6−2(–4) m. Alt 600−1600 m. N, (5) Van Wyk & Van Wyk. 1997. Field guide to trees of southern
B, FS, NC, WC, EC Africa: 416.
virgatum Merxm. & A.Schreib. capensis (Thunb.) Spach = Tecoma capensis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt ± 1200 m. N krebsii Klotzsch = Tecoma capensis
zambesiacum Baker petersii Klotzsch = Tecoma capensis
BOMBACACEAE
ADANSONIA L. 5023000 digitata L.

(1) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 512, 513. Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–18 m. Alt 100–1060 m. N, B,
(2) Killick. 1988. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1967. LIM
BORAGINACEAE
AFROTYSONIA Rauschert 7072010 glochidiata (R.R.Mill) R.R.Mill

(1) Mill. 1986. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 43: Tysonia glochidiata R.R.Mill (1)
467–475. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 1600–2400 m.
(2) Pooley. 1998. A field guide to wild flowers of KwaZulu-Natal and KZN, EC
the eastern region: 180, 181.
africana (Bolus) Rauschert *AMSINCKIA Lehm. 7082000
Tysonia africana Bolus (1) (1) Chater. 1972. Flora europaea 3: 110.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.91–1.42 m. Alt ± 1300 m. KZN (2) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 350.
DICOTYLEDONS BIGNONIACEAE Markhamia

(3) Retief. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 374. royenii L.

(4) Retief & Van Wyk. 2001. South African Journal of Botany 67: Annual or shortly perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m.
287–293.
Alt 245–2000 m. N, NC
angustifolia Lehm. = A. calycina
schenckii Schinz
calycina (Moris) Chater C. luteum Marloth & Engl. (1)
A. angustifolia Lehm. (1) Annual or shortly perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht up to 1.5
A. hispida I.M.Johnst. (1)
m. Alt 400–1850 m. N, NC
WC COLDENIA L. 7046000
hispida I.M.Johnst. = A. calycina (1) Martins. 1990. FZ 7,4: 79–81.
(2) Verdcourt. 1991. FTEA Boraginaceae: 44–46.
menziesii (Lehm.) A.Nelson & J.F.Macbr., misapplied
name (4) angolensis Welw. = C. procumbens
retrorsa Suksd. procumbens L.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 20–1569 m. NW, C. angolensis Welw. (2)
Lobophyllum tetrandrum F.Muell. (2)
NC, WC, EC
Annual. Herb, procumbent. Length up to 0.4 m. Alt ±
ANCHUSA L. 7093000 400 m. LIM, M
(1)
(2)
De Candolle. 1846. Prodromus 10: 41–54.
Wright. 1904. FC 4: 16–18.
CORDIA L. 7038000
(3) Chater. 1972. Flora europaea 3: 106–109. (1) De Candolle. 1845. Prodromus 9: 479.
(4) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 350. (2) Wright. 1904. FC 4: 4.
(5) Retief. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 374. (3) Obermeyer. 1937. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 17: 219, 220.
(4) Hutchinson. 1946. A botanist in southern Africa: 315.
*azurea Mill. (5) Taton. 1971. Flore du Congo du Rwanda et du Burundi
A. italica Retz. (3) Boraginaceae: 3–19.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt ± 1220 m. NW, FS, (6) Glen. 1984. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: t. 1890.
WC, EC (7) Verdcourt. 1989. Kew Bulletin 44: 166.
(8) Martins. 1990. FZ 7,4: 60–72.
capensis Thunb. (9) Verdcourt. 1991. FTEA Boraginaceae: 3–33.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 60–3200 m. N, G, M, (10) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 351.
FS, L, NC, WC, EC (11) Van Wyk & Van Wyk. 1997. Field guide to trees of southern
Africa: 134–137.
*italica Retz. = A. azurea (12) Retief. In prep. Contributions towards the systematics of southern
riparia A.DC. African Boraginaceae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of
Pretoria, Pretoria.
FS, L, NC, WC, EC abyssinica R.Br. = C. africana
africana Lam.
BORAGINELLA Kuntze 7056030 C. abyssinica R.Br. (12)
africana (L.) Kuntze = Trichodesma africanum Perennial. Tree. Ht 10–24 m. Alt 730–745 m. LIM
angustifolium (Harv.) Kuntze = Trichodesma angusti- caffra Sond.
folium subsp. angustifolium Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 5–1065 m.
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
BORRAGINOIDES Boehm. 7056040 grandicalyx Oberm.
aculeata (L.) Moench = Trichodesma africanum
N, B, LIM
africana (L.) Hiern = Trichodesma africanum
monoica Roxb., misapplied name (12)
BORAGO L. 7091000 ovalis R.Br. ex A.DC.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 200–830 m.
africana L. = Trichodesma africanum LIM, M, S
zeylanica Burm. = Trichodesma zeylanicum pilosissima Baker
*BUGLOSSOIDES Moench 7109010 Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 4–10 m. Alt ± 915 m. B
(1) Fernandes. 1972. Flora europaea 3: 87, 88. quercifolia Klotzsch
(2) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 350. Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 130–700 m. LIM, M,
(3) Retief & Van Wyk. 2002. Bothalia 32: 9–13. KZN
arvensis (L.) I.M.Johnst. rogersii Hutch. (insufficiently known)
Lithospermum arvense L. (1)
Lithospermum incrassatum Guss. (1) sinensis Lam.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 30–1920 m. NW, G, Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 250–1000 m.
FS, L, NC, WC, EC N, LIM, M
CODON L. 7032000 CYNOGLOSSUM L. 7064000

(1) Friedrich-Holzhammer. 1967. FSWA 118: 1, 2. (1) Brand. 1921. Das Pflanzenreich 78,IV,252: 114–153.
(2) Ferguson. 1999. Systematic Botany 23: 253–268. (2) Hilliard & Burtt. 1979. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
(3) Retief. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 374. Edinburgh 37: 287, 288.
luteum Marloth & Engl. = C. schenckii Edinburgh 43: 345–350.
BORAGINACEAE *Amsinckia DICOTYLEDONS

(4) Martins. 1990. FZ 7,4: 102–108. Lobostemon caudatus H.Buek (1)

(5) Verdcourt. 1991. FTEA Boraginaceae: 102–117. Lobostemon eriostachyus H.Buek (1)
(6) Retief & Van Wyk. 1996. South African Journal of Botany 62: Lobostemon latifolius H.Buek (1)
169–172. Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 91–120 m. WC
(8) Retief. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 374, 375.
alticola Hilliard & B.L.Burtt *ECHIUM L. 7118000
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.6 m. Alt 2500–2866 m. (1) Levyns. 1934. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 49: 393–445.
(2) Bramwell. 1972. Lagascalia 2: 37–115.
KZN, L, EC (3) Gibbs. 1972. Flora europaea 3: 97–100.
*amabile Stapf & J.R.Drumm. (4) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 351.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt ± 1300 m. KZN (5) Retief. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 375.
(6) Willis & Smith. 2002. Aloe 39: 15–22.
austroafricanum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
C. austroafricanum Weim., naked name (3) angustifolium Thunb. = Lobostemon glaucophyllus
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1492– argenteum P.J.Bergius = Lobostemon argenteus
3000 m. NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC buekii I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon echioides
austroafricanum Weim., naked name = C. austroafri- capitatum L. = Lobostemon capitatus
canum
capitiforme (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon capitatus
basuticum Weim. ex Jacot Guill. = C. spelaeum
cephaloideum (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon capi-
enerve Turcz. = C. hispidum tatus
geometricum Baker & C.H.Wright curvifolium (H.Buek) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon curvi-
C. lanceolatum Forssk. subsp. geometricum (Baker & C.H.Wright)
Brand (3)
folius
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.6 m. Alt ± 1828 diversifolium (H.Buek) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon echi-
m. LIM, KZN oides
hispidum Thunb. echioides (Lehm.) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon echioides
C. enerve Turcz. (1) falcatum Lam. = Lobostemon glaucophyllus
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 15–2685 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC fastigiatum (H.Buek) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon echi-
oides
lanceolatum Forssk.
C. micranthum Desf. (1) ferocissimum Andr. = Lobostemon argenteus
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 5–2750 m. LIM, ferox Pers. = Lobostemon argenteus
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC formosum Pers. = Lobostemon regulareflorus
lanceolatum Forssk. subsp. geometricum (Baker & fruticosum L. var. fruticosum = Lobostemon fruticosus
C.H.Wright) Brand = C. geometricum
fruticosum L. var. major Lehm. = Lobostemon fruticosus
micranthum Desf. = C. lanceolatum
fruticosum L. var. minor Curtis = Lobostemon fruticosus
obtusicalyx Retief & A.E.van Wyk
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 975–1676 m. NC, galpinii (C.H.Wright) I.M.Johnst. = Echiostachys eck-
WC lonianus
spelaeum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt glaber Thunb. = Lobostemon glaucophyllus
C. basuticum Weim. ex Jacot Guill. (2) glabrum Vahl = Lobostemon glaber
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1800–2600 m. FS, glaucophyllum Jacq. = Lobostemon glaucophyllus
KZN, L, EC
grandiflorum Andrews = Lobostemon regulareflorus
ECHINOSPERMUM Sw. ex Lehm. 7073010 hispidum Burm. = Lobostemon capitatus
capense A.DC. = Lappula capensis hispidum Thunb. = Lobostemon glaber
cynoglossoides Lam. = Lappula cynoglossoides incanum Thunb. = Echiostachys incanus
laevigatum L. = Lobostemon laevigatus
ECHIOSTACHYS Levyns 7117010
(1) Levyns. 1934. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 49: 445–
laevigatum Lam. = Lobostemon glaucophyllus
451. lucidum Lehm. = Lobostemon lucidus
(2) Retief. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 375.
lycopsis L. = Echium plantagineum
ecklonianus (H.Buek) Levyns
Echium galpinii (C.H.Wright) I.M.Johnst. (1) microphyllum (H.Buek) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon echi-
Lobostemon ecklonianus H.Buek (1) oides
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.36 m. Alt ± 60 m. WC montanum (H.Buek) A.DC. = Lobostemon montanus
incanus (Thunb.) Levyns nitidum (Bolus) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon echioides
Echium incanum Thunb. (1)
Lobostemon spicatus H.Buek (1) obovatum (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon fruticosus
Lobostemon splendens H.Buek (1) obtusifolium I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon trigonus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt ± 100 m. WC
oederiaefolium (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon oede-
spicatus (Burm.f.) Levyns riaefolius
Echium spicatum Burm.f. (1)
Lobostemon alopecuroideus C.H.Wright (1) paniculatum Thunb. = Lobostemon paniculatus
DICOTYLEDONS BORAGINACEAE Cynoglossum

paniculiforme I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon paniculi- fischeri Gürke = E. obtusifolia

formis goetzei Gürke = E. amoena
pilicaule (C.H.Wright) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon argen- hottentotica Burch. = E. rigida subsp. rigida
teus
mossambicensis Klotzsch = E. amoena
plantagineum L.
E. lycopsis L. (3) namibiensis Retief & A.E.van Wyk subsp. kaokoensis
E. violaceum L. (3) Retief & A.E.van Wyk
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 70–2300 m. M, FS, Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 4 m. Alt ± 1000 m. N
KZN, L, WC, EC namibiensis Retief & A.E.van Wyk subsp. namibiensis
pubiflorum (C.H.Wright) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon Retief & A.E.van Wyk
echioides Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 900–1752 m. N, B
regulareflorum Ker Gawl. = Lobostemon regulareflorus obtusifolia Hochst. ex A.DC.
E. fischeri Gürke (6)
sanguineum (Schltr.) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon san- Perennial. Suffrutex, shrub or small tree. Ht up to 3 m.
guineus Alt 30–1400 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN
scabrum Lehm. = Lobostemon strigosus rigida (Thunb.) Druce subsp. nervifolia Retief &
scabrum Thunb. = Lobostemon fruticosus A.E.van Wyk
schlechteri I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon collinus Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 5 m. Alt 25–1700 m. B,
simplex L. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 2 m. Alt ± 30 m. WC rigida (Thunb.) Druce subsp. rigida
Capraria rigida Thunb. (6)
spicatum Burm.f. = Echiostachys spicatus E. hottentotica Burch. (6)
sphaerocephalum Vahl = Lobostemon capitatus Freylinia rigida (Thunb.) G.Don (6)
sprengelianum (H.Buek) A.DC. = Lobostemon montanus Perennial. Shrub, tree. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 150–1400 m.
NC, WC, EC
stachydeum (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon stachydeus
rigida (Thunb.) Druce subsp. sylvatica Retief &
strigosum Lehm. = Lobostemon strigosus A.E.van Wyk
swartzii Lehm. = Lobostemon glaber Perennial. Shrub, tree. Ht up to 12 m. Alt 150–500 m.
trichotomum Thunb. = Lobostemon trichotomus KZN, EC
trigonum Thunb. = Lobostemon trigonus stuhlmannii Gürke = E. amoena
tubiferum Poir. = Lobostemon regulareflorus FRIEDRICHSTHALIA Fenzl 7056020
vahlii Roem. & Schult. = Lobostemon glaber
physaloides Fenzl = Trichodesma physaloides
verrucosum Thunb. = Lobostemon trichotomus
violaceum L. = Echium plantagineum HELIOPHYTUM Cham. 7052010
virgatum (H.Buek) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon echi- lineare A.DC. = Heliotropium lineare
oides
vulgare L. HELIOTROPIUM L. 7052000
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 1370–2439 m. M, (1) Wright. 1904. FC 4, 2: 7–10.
(2) Friedrich-Holzhammer. 1967. FSWA 119: 1–10.
FS, L, EC (3) Hilliard & Burtt. 1970. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
wurmbii (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. = Lobostemon trichotomus Edinburgh 30: 113–118.
(4) Taton. 1971. Flore du Congo du Rwanda et du Burundi Bora-
EHRETIA P.Browne 7043000 ginaceae: 28–36.
(5) Verdcourt. 1989. Kew Bulletin 44: 166.
(1) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: t. 353. (6) Martins. 1990. FZ 7,4: 108–110.
(2) Friedrich-Holzhammer. 1967. FSWA 119: 1–10. (7) Verdcourt. 1991. FTEA Boraginaceae: 50–77.
(3) Martins. 1990. FZ 7,4: 75–79. (8) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 352, 353.
(4) Verdcourt. 1991. FTEA Boraginaceae: 33–40. (9) Förther. 1998. Sendtnera 5: 35–241.
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 351, 352. (10) Retief. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 375.
(6) Retief & Van Wyk. 2001. Bothalia 31: 9–23. (11) Retief. In prep. Contributions towards the systematics of southern
African Boraginaceae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of
alba Retief & A.E.van Wyk Pretoria, Pretoria.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 997–1800 m. N, B,
NW, FS, NC albiflorum Engl.
H. erongense Dinter ex Friedr.-Holzh. (2)
amoena Klotzsch Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt ± 700 m. N
E. goetzei Gürke (6)
E. mossambicensis Klotzsch (6) *amplexicaule Vahl
E. stuhlmannii Gürke (6) Perennial. Herb, procumbent, decumbent, erect. Ht up
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht up to 5 m. Alt 30–1600 m. to 0.5 m. Alt 5–1370 m. LIM, G, KZN, EC
LIM, M, S, KZN baclei A.DC. var. rostratum Johnst.
coerulea Gürke H. katangense Gürke ex De Wild. (4)
E. coerulea Gürke var. glandulosa Suess. (6) Perennial. Herb, procumbent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 379–
Perennial. Shrub, tree. Ht up to 8 m. Alt ± 1000 m. N, B 915 m. N
coerulea Gürke var. glandulosa Suess. = E. coerulea burmanni Roem. & Schult. = H. tubulosum
BORAGINACEAE *Echium DICOTYLEDONS

capense Lehm. = H. supinum *supinum L.

H. capense Lehm. (9)
ciliatum Kaplan
H. gibbosum Friedr.-Holzh. (3) Annual. Herb, procumbent. Ht? Alt 3–1220 m. N, B,
H. pustulatum Kaplan (3) LIM, NC, WC, EC
Tournefortia tuberculosa Cham. (3) tubulosum E.Mey. ex A.DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 62–1740 m. N, B, H. burmannii Roem. & Schult. (9)
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 100–1400 m. N,
constrictum Kaplan = H. strigosum NC
*curassavicum L. zeylanicum (Burm.f.) Lam.
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent, procumbent. H. inconspicuum Dinter ex Vaupel (5)
H. subulatum (Hochst. ex A.DC.) Vatke (5)
Ht 0.06–0.15 m. Alt 2–1667 m. N, B, LIM, NW, Tournefortia subulata Hochst. ex A.DC. (5)
G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 275–940 m. N, B,
dissimile N.E.Br. = H. nelsonii LIM, M
erectum Friedr.-Holzh. = H. giessii
LAPPULA Moench 7073000
erongense Dinter ex Friedr.-Holzh. = H. albiflorum (1) Gürke 1896. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 4, 3a: 106, 107.
gibbosum Friedr.-Holzh. = H. ciliatum (2) Brand. 1922. Feddes Repertorium 18: 312.
*europaeum L. Edinburgh 37: 288, 289.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt ± 215 m. WC (4) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 353.
giessii Friedr.-Holzh. (5) Riedl. 1996. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien,
H. erectum Friedr.-Holzh. (2) Supplement 98B: 79–86.
(6) Retief. In prep. Contributions towards the systematics of southern
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 275–1200 m. N, B, African Boraginaceae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of
LIM, M Pretoria, Pretoria.
hereroense Schinz capensis (A.DC.) Gürke
H. pseudostrigosum Dinter (2) Echinospermum capense A.DC. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 168–1850 m. N, Echinospermum cynoglossoides Lam. (6)
LIM, NC L. cynoglossoides (Lam.) Gürke (6)
L. eckloniana Brand (6)
inconspicuum Dinter ex Vaupel = H. zeylanicum Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.2 m. Alt 155–1640 m. FS, L,
*indicum L. NC, WC, EC
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 20–915 cynoglossoides (Lam.) Gürke = L. capensis
m. N, B, LIM, KZN
*echinata Gilib. = L. heteracantha
katangense Gürke ex De Wild. = H. baclei var. rostra-
tum eckloniana Brand = L. capensis
kuntzei Gürke = H. lineare *heteracantha Ledeb.
L. echinata Gilib. (3)
lineare (A.DC.) Gürke L. squarrosa (L.) Dumort. subsp. heteracantha (Ledeb.) Chater (3)
Heliophytum lineare A.DC. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 155–2795 m. NW,
H. kuntzei Gürke (2) G, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
B, LIM, NW, M, FS, L, NC *squarrosa (L.) Dumort. subsp. heteracantha (Ledeb.)
Chater = L. heteracantha
marifolium Retz., misapplied name
nelsonii C.H.Wright LEIOCARYA Hochst. 7056050
H. dissimile N.E.Br. (3)
H. rogersii Kaplan (3) kotschyana Hochst. = Trichodesma zeylanicum
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC LITHOSPERMUM L. 7109000
(1) Wright. 1904. FC 4,2: 20–24.
oliveranum Schinz (2) Taton. 1971. Flore du Congo du Rwanda et du Burundi Bora-
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 100–795 m. N ginaceae: 56–58.
(3) Martins. 1990. FZ 7,4: 108–110.
ovalifolium Forssk. (4) Verdcourt. 1991 FTEA Boraginaceae: 77–79.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 5– (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 353.
1525 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, NC, WC, (6) Retief. In prep. Contributions towards the systematics of southern
EC African Boraginaceae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of
Pretoria, Pretoria.
pseudostrigosum Dinter = H. hereroense
affine A.DC.
pustulatum Kaplan = H. ciliatum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 1600–2000 m. EC
rogersii Kaplan = H. nelsonii afromontanum Weim.
steudneri Vatke, misapplied name (11) L. officinale of author, not of L., concept invalid (3)
strigosum Willd. Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–1.8 m. Alt 1300–2130
H. constrictum Kaplan (3) m. M, S, KZN, L
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt arvense L. = Buglossoides arvensis
30–1560 m. N, B, NW, LIM, G, M, S, KZN cinereum A.DC.
subulatum (Hochst. ex A.DC.) Vatke = H. zeylanicum L. inornatum A.DC. (6)
DICOTYLEDONS BORAGINACEAE Heliotropium

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1020–2300 m. N, cephaloideus A.DC. = L. capitatus

NW, FS, KZN, L, EC collinus Schltr. ex C.H.Wright
diversifolium A.DC. Echium schlechteri I.M.Johnst. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 1800–2000 m. L, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt ± 25 m. WC
flexuosum Lehm. (insufficiently known) curvifolius H.Buek
Echium curvifolium (H.Buek) I.M.Johnst. (3)
hirsutum E.Mey. ex A.DC. L. magnisepalum N.E.Br. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt ± 1500 m. FS, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 30–1830 m.
incrassatum Guss. = Buglossoides arvensis WC
inornatum A.DC. = L. cinereum daltonii M.H.Buys
*officinale of author, not of L., concept invalid = L. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 200–400 m. WC
afromontanum decorus Levyns
papillosum Thunb. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 533–1525 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 700–2800 m. M, diversifolius H.Buek = L. echioides
S, KZN, L, WC, EC dregei A.DC. = L. glaucophyllus
scabrum Thunb. echioides Lehm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt 570–2000 m. FS, Echium buekii I.M.Johnst. (3)
NC, EC Echium diversifolium (H.Buek) I.M.Johnst. (3)
Echium echioides (Lehm.) I.M.Johnst. (3)
Echium fastigiatum (H.Buek) I.M.Johnst. (3)
LOBOPHYLLUM F.Muell. 7046010 Echium microphyllum (H.Buek) I.M.Johnst. (3)
tetrandrum F.Muell. = Coldenia procumbens Echium nitidum (Bolus) I.M.Johnst. (3)
Echium pubiflorum (C.H.Wright) I.M.Johnst. (3)
LOBOSTEMON Lehm. 7117000 Echium virgatum (H.Buek) I.M.Johnst. (3)
L. diversifolius H.Buek (6)
(1) Buek. 1837. Linnaea 11: 129–149. L. elongatus H.Buek (3)
(2) Levyns. 1934. Kew Bulletin 1934: 101. L. fastigiatus H.Buek (6)
(3) Levyns. 1934. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 49: 393– L. lehmannianus H.Buek (6)
451. L. microphyllus H.Buek (6)
(4) Buys & Van der Walt. 1994. Bothalia 24: 170. L. nitidus C.H.Wright (6)
(5) Buys & Van der Walt. 1996. South African Journal of Botany 62: L. pubiflorus C.H.Wright (6)
31–35. L. virgatus H.Buek (6)
(6) Buys. 1997. A systematic revision of Lobostemon (Boraginaceae).
Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellen- Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 123–1370 m. NC,
bosch. WC, EC
(7) Buys & Van der Walt. 1999. South African Journal of Botany 65: ecklonianus H.Buek = Echiostachys ecklonianus
144–148.
elongatus H.Buek = L. echioides
alopecuroideus C.H.Wright = Echiostachys spicatus
eriostachyus H.Buek = Echiostachys spicatus
argenteus (P.J.Bergius) H.Buek
Echium argenteum P.J.Bergius (3) falcatus Druce = L. glaucophyllus
Echium ferocissimum Andr. (6)
Echium ferox Pers. (6) fastigiatus H.Buek = L. echioides
Echium pilicaule (C.H.Wright) I.M.Johnst. (3) ferocissimus A.DC. var. albicalyx C.H.Wright = L.
L. ferocissimus (Andr.) A.DC. (6) stachydeus
L. montanus H.Buek var. minor C.H.Wright (6)
L. pilicaulis C.H.Wright (6) ferocissimus (Andr.) A.DC. = L. argenteus
L. zeyheri H.Buek (3) formosus (Pers.) H.Buek = L. regulareflorus
WC, EC fruticosus (L.) H.Buek
Echium fruticosum L. var. fruticosum (6)
belliformis M.H.Buys Echium fruticosum L. var. major Lehm. (6)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt ± 130 m. WC Echium fruticosum L. var. minor Curtis (6)
Echium obovatum (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. (3)
bolusii Levyns = L. capitatus Echium scabrum Thunb. (6)
breviflorus A.DC. = L. trichotomus L. fruticosus (L.) H.Buek var. bergianus A.DC. (6)
L. fruticosus (L.) H.Buek var. fruticosus (6)
capitatus (L.) H.Buek L. lasiophyllus A.DC. (3)
Echium capitatum L. (3) L. obovatus A.DC. (6)
Echium capitiforme (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. (3) L. scaber (Thunb.) A.DC. (6)
Echium cephaloideum (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. (3)
Echium hispidum Burm. (6) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt 30–1372 m. WC
Echium sphaerocephalum Vahl (6) fruticosus (L.) H.Buek var. bergianus A.DC. = L. fruti-
L. bolusii Levyns (6) cosus
L. capitiformis A.DC. (6)
L. cephaloideus A.DC. (6) fruticosus (L.) H.Buek var. fruticosus = L. fruticosus
L. inconspicuus Levyns (6) glaber (Thunb.) A.DC. = L. glaucophyllus
L. sphaerocephalus (Vahl) H.Buek (3)
glaber (Vahl) H.Buek
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ± 120 m. Echium glabrum Vahl (6)
WC Echium hispidum Thunb. (6)
capitiformis A.DC. = L. capitatus Echium swartzii Lehm. (6)
Echium vahlii Roem. & Schult. (6)
caudatus H.Buek = Echiostachys spicatus L. hispidus (Thunb.) A.DC. (6)
BORAGINACEAE Lithospermum DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 160–1160 pearsonii Levyns

m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 25–759 m. NC, WC
glaucophyllus (Jacq.) H.Buek pilicaulis C.W.Wright = L. argenteus
Echium angustifolium Thunb. (6)
Echium falcatum Lam. (6) pubiflorus C.H.Wright = L. echioides
Echium glaber Thunb. (6) regulareflorus (Ker Gawl.) M.H.Buys
Echium glaucophyllum Jacq. (3) Echium formosum Pers. (4)
Echium laevigatum Lam. (6) Echium grandiflorum Andrews (4)
L. dregei A.DC. (6) Echium regulareflorum Ker Gawl. (6)
L. falcatus Druce (3) Echium tubiferum Poir. (6)
L. glaber (Thunb.) A.DC. (6) L. formosus (Pers.) H.Buek (6)
L. swartzii (Lehm.) H.Buek (6) L. grandiflorus (Andrews) Levyns (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 30–1660 m. NC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 1000–1700 m. WC
WC sanguineus Schltr.
gracilis Levyns Echium sanguineum (Schltr.) I.M.Johnst. (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 170–250 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 5–395 m. WC
grandiflorus (Andrews) Levyns = L. regulareflorus scaber A.DC. = L. trigonus
sphaerocephalus (Vahl) H.Buek = L. capitatus
hispidus (Thunb.) A.DC. = L. glaber
spicatus H.Buek = Echiostachys incanus
horridus Levyns splendens H.Buek = Echiostachys incanus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 0.8 m. Alt ± 900 m. WC
sprengelianus H.Buek = L. montanus
hottentoticus Levyns stachydeus A.DC.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 160–300 m. Echium stachydeum (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. (3)
WC L. ferocissimus A.DC. var. albicalyx C.H.Wright (6)
inconspicuus Levyns = L. capitatus Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 275–1676 m. NC,
WC, EC
laevigatus (L.) H.Buek
Echium laevigatum L. (1) strigosus (Lehm.) H.Buek
Echium scabrum Lehm. (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.4 m. Alt 155–1615 m. WC Echium strigosum Lehm. (3)
lasiophyllus A.DC. = L. fruticosus Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 91–1240 m. WC
latifolius H.Buek = Echiostachys spicatus swartzii (Lehm.) H.Buek = L. glaucophyllus
lehmannianus H.Buek = L. echioides thunbergianus H.Buek = L. trigonus
thymeloideus A.DC. var. longifolius A.DC. = L. trichoto-
lucidus (Lehm.) H.Buek
Echium lucidum Lehm. (3) mus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 65–610 m. thymeloideus A.DC. var. setulosus A.DC. = L. trichoto-
WC mus
thymeloideus A.DC. var. thymeloideus = L. trichotomus
magnisepalum N.E.Br. = L. curvifolius
trichotomus (Thunb.) A.DC.
marlothii Levyns Echium trichotomum Thunb. (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 945–1525 m. WC, Echium verrucosum Thunb. (6)
EC Echium wurmbii (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. (6)
L. breviflorus A.DC. (6)
microphyllus H.Buek = L. echioides L. thymeloideus A.DC. var. longifolius A.DC. (6)
L. thymeloideus A.DC. var. setulosus A.DC. (6)
montanus H.Buek L. thymeloideus A.DC. var. thymeloideus (6)
Echium montanum (H.Buek) A.DC. (3)
L. verrucosum (Thunb.) H.Buek (3)
Echium sprengelianum (H.Buek) A.DC. (6)
L. wurmbii A.DC. (6)
L. sprengelianus H.Buek (6)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1.5 m. Alt 30–1006 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt 30–1295 m. WC
montanus H.Buek var. minor C.H.Wright = L. argen- trigonus (Thunb.) H.Buek
Echium obtusifolium I.M.Johnst. (3)
teus Echium trigonum Thunb. (3)
muirii Levyns L. obtusifolius A.DC. (6)
L. scaber A.DC. (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt ± 1200 m. WC L. thunbergianus H.Buek (6)
nitidus C.H.Wright = L. echioides Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.7 m. Alt 5–970 m. WC, EC
obovatus A.DC. = L. fruticosus verrucosum (Thunb.) H.Buek = L. trichotomus
obtusifolius A.DC. = L. trigonus virgatus H.Buek = L. echioides
oederiaefolius A.DC. wurmbii A.DC. = L. trichotomus
Echium oederiaefolium (A.DC.) I.M.Johnst. (3) zeyheri H.Buek = L. argenteus
paniculatus (Thunb.) H.Buek MYOSOTIS L. 7100000
Echium paniculatum Thunb. (3) (1) Wright. 1904. FC 4: 18–20.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 105–1650 m. WC (2) Grau & Merxmüller. 1972. Flora europaea 3: 111–117.
paniculiformis A.DC. (4) Retief. In prep. Contributions towards the systematics of southern
Echium paniculiforme I.M.Johnst. (3) African Boraginaceae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1 m. Alt 61–230 m. WC Pretoria, Pretoria.
DICOTYLEDONS BORAGINACEAE Lobostemon

afropalustris C.H.Wright ambacense Welw. subsp. hockii (De Wild.) Brummitt

Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1800–3200 m. FS, T. hockii De Wild. (3)
T. ledermannii Vaupel (3)
KZN, L, EC T. tinctorium Brand (3)
*arvensis (L.) Hill T. verdickii Brand (3)
M. intermedia Link (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 1000 m. N, B
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 60–300 m. WC, EC angustifolium Harv. subsp. angustifolium
*discolor Pers. Boraginella angustifolium (Harv.) Kuntze (6)
M. versicolor (Pers.) Sm. (2) T. lanceolatum Schinz (6)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt ± 50 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 170–
2000 m. N, B, NW, LIM, G, M, KZN
galpinii C.H.Wright
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.7 m. Alt 1400–2000 m. M, angustifolium Harv. subsp. argenteum Retief &
KZN, EC A.E.van Wyk
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt
graminifolia A.DC.
1100–1200 m. N
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1700–2430 m.
FS, KZN, L, EC arenicola Gürke, misapplied name (6)
*intermedia Link = M. arvensis droogmansianum De Wild. & T.Durand = T. physa-
loides
semiamplexicaulis A.DC. (insufficiently known)
glabrescens Gürke = T. physaloides
*sylvatica Hoffm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 90–3475 m. LIM, hockii De Wild. = T. ambacense subsp. hockii
M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC lanceolatum Schinz = T. angustifolium subsp. angusti-
*versicolor (Pers.) Sm. = M. discolor folium
ledermannii Vaupel = T. ambacense subsp. hockii
*PHACELIA Juss. 7025000 physaloides (Fenzl) A.DC.
(1) Brand. 1913. Das Pflanzenreich 59: 60–130. Friedrichsthalia physaloides Fenzl (3)
T. droogmansianum De Wild. & T.Durand (3)
artemisioides Griseb. T. glabrescens Gürke (3)
Annual. Herb, decumbent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt ± 1400 m. T. ringoetii De Wild. (3)
FS Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 610–1980 m.
LIM, G, M, S, KZN
*ROCHELIA Rchb. 7124000 ringoetii De Wild. = T. physaloides
(1) Ferguson. 1972. Flora europaea 3: 110. tinctorium Brand = T. ambacense subsp. hockii
(2) Retief. In prep. Contributions towards the systematics of southern
African Boraginaceae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of verdickii Brand = T. ambacense subsp. hockii
Pretoria, Pretoria.
zeylanicum (Burm.) R.Br.
disperma (L.f.) K.Koch Borago zeylanica Burm. (1)
Cervia disperma (L.f.) Hayek (1) Leiocarya kotschyana Hochst. (6)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 800–1600 m. NC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 35–960 m. LIM,
M, S, KZN
TOURNEFORTIA L. 7051000
TYSONIA Bolus 7072000
tuberculosa Cham. = Heliotropium ciliatum
subulata Hochst. ex A.DC. = Heliotropium zeylani- africana Bolus = Afrotysonia africana
cum glochidiata R.R.Mill = Afrotysonia glochidiata
TRICHODESMA R.Br. 7056000 WELLSTEDIA Balf.f. 7131000

(1) Brand. 1921. Das Pflanzenreich 78, IV, 252: 19–44. (1) Friedrich-Holzhammer. 1967. FSWA 121: 1.
(2) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: t. 351. (2) Hunt. 1969. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 37: t. 3665–3667.
(3) Brummitt. 1990. FZ 7: 94–99. (3) Thulin & Johansson. 1996. In L.J.G. van der Maesen et al., The
(4) Verdcourt. 1991. FTEA Boraginaceae: 91–102. biodiversity of African plants: 73–86.
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 353, 354. (4) Retief. In prep. Contributions towards the systematics of southern
(6) Retief & Van Wyk. 2002. Bothalia 32: 151–166. African Boraginaceae. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of
Pretoria, Pretoria.
africanum (L.) Lehm.
Borago africana L. (6) dinteri Pilg. var. dinteri
Boraginella africana (L.) Kuntze (6) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.03–0.3 m. Alt 440–1220
Borraginoides aculeata (L.) Moench (6)
Borraginoides africana (L.) Hiern (6) m. N, NC
Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 70–1300 dinteri Pilg. var. gracilior Hunt
m. N, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ± 1400 m. N
BORAGINACEAE Myosotis DICOTYLEDONS

BRASSICACEAE
Compiled by H.F. Glen & M. Jordaan
*ALYSSUM L. 3006000 *BRASSICA L. 2949000

(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 99. (1) Schulz. 1919. Das Pflanzenreich 4,105,1, Heft 70: 21–84.
(2) Heywood. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 335–339.
glomeratum Burch. ex DC. = A. minutum (3) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 5–7.
maritimum (L.) Lam. = Lobularia maritima (4) Gray. 1989. Baileya 23: 28–46.
minutum Schltdl. ex DC. (5) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 82–93.
A. glomeratum Burch. ex DC. (1) (6) Gladis & Hammer. 1992. Feddes Repertorium 103: 469–507.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.12 m. Alt 750–1600 m. NC arvensis in sense of Burtt Davy, misapplied name =
Sinapis arvensis
APLANODES Marais 2875010 campestris L. = B. rapa
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 102–104.
elongata Ehrh. subsp. elongata
doidgeana Marais Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 950–1700 m. B, NW,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.75 m. Alt 1750–2250 m. FS, EC
KZN
griquensis N.E.Br. = Erucastrum griquense
sisymbrioides (Schltr.) Marais
Heliophila sisymbrioides Schltr. (1) juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.
Sinapis juncea L. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt 2450–3050 m. L,
EC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 50–1800 m. B, LIM,
FS, KZN, WC, EC
*ARABIDOPSIS Heynh. 2999000 leptopetala (DC.) Sond. = Erucastrum strigosum
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 117. nigra (L.) W.D.J.Koch
(2) O’Kane & Al-Shehbaz. 1997. Novon 7: 323–327. Sinapis nigra L. (1)
thaliana (L.) Heynh. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 1400–1650 m. M
Arabis thaliana L. (1) pachypoda Thell. = Sisymbrium thellungii
Sisymbrium thalianum J.Gay ex Monnard (1)
rapa L.
Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.3 m. Alt B. campestris L. (3)
450–1850 m. NC, WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 350–2950 m. LIM,
G, M, FS, NC, WC, EC
ARABIS L. 3001000
strigosa (Thunb.) DC. var. glabrata Sond. = Erucas-
glabra (L.) Bernh. = Turritis glabra trum strigosum
perfoliata Lam. = Turritis glabra tournefortii Gouan
thaliana L. = Arabidopsis thaliana Brassicella cheiranthus in sense of Adamson, misapplied name (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 50–900 m. NC, WC, EC
*BARBAREA R.Br. 2961000
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 104. BRASSICELLA Fourr. 2949010
(2) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 166–173. cheiranthus in sense of Adamson, misapplied name =
verna (Mill.) Asch. Brassica tournefortii
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 200–2400 m. WC
*CAMELINA Crantz 2987000
BRACHYCARPAEA DC. 2877000 (1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 1.
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 82, 83. (2) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 204–207.
flava (L.f.) Druce = B. juncea rumelica Velen.
juncea (P.J.Bergius) Marais Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 1350–1450 m. G
B. flava (L.f.) Druce (1)
B. laxa (Thunb.) Sond. (1) *CAPSELLA Medik. 2986000
B. laxa (Thunb.) Sond. var. stricta Sond. (1) (1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 97, 98.
B. linifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) (2) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 242, 243.
B. polygaloides Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) (3) Chater. 1993. Flora europaea edn 2, 1: 381, 382.
B. varians DC. (1)
B. varians DC. var. purpurascens DC. (1) bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik.
Thlaspi bursa-pastoris L. (1)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 50–1700 m. NC,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 50–2450 m. N, NW,
WC
G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
laxa (Thunb.) Sond. = B. juncea
procumbens (L.) Fr. = Hymenolobus procumbens
laxa (Thunb.) Sond. var. stricta Sond. = B. juncea
linifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = B. juncea CARDAMINE L. 2966000
polygaloides Eckl. & Zeyh. = B. juncea (1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 100, 101.
varians DC. = B. juncea Edinburgh 40: 275, 276.
varians DC. var. purpurascens DC. = B. juncea (3) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 138–149.
DICOTYLEDONS BRASSICACEAE *Alyssum

africana L. marlothii O.E.Schulz

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 100–1950 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 500–170 m. WC
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC virgata (Thunb.) E.Mey. ex Sond.
*flexuosa With. Cleome virgata Thunb. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.5 m. Alt 1400–1700 m. FS, Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 750–1200
KZN m. WC
*hirsuta L. *DESCURAINIA Webb & Berthel. 2997000
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt 0–1600 m. WC (1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 117, 118.
*impatiens L. (2) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 120, 121.
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 1900–2000 m. M sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl
trichocarpa Hochst. ex A.Rich. subsp. trichocarpa Sisymbrium tripinnatum DC. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.5 m. Alt 1450–1550 m. KZN Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 800–1700 m. G, NC,
EC
*CARDARIA Desv. 2883010
(1) Ball. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 333. *DIPLOTAXIS DC. 2946000
(2) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 96, 97. (1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 12.
(2) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 100–103.
draba (L.) Desv. (3) Martinez-Laborde. 1991. Botanical Journal of the Linnean
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt 1200–1600 m. FS, Society 106: 69, 70.
WC, EC griquensis (N.E.Br.) Sprague = Erucastrum griquense
CARPOPODIUM Eckl. & Zeyh. 2875020 muralis (L.) DC. subsp. muralis
Sisymbrium murale L. (1)
carnosum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Heliophila brachycarpa Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 0–
cleomoides in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh. = Heliophila 1700 m. NW, G, FS, WC, EC
glauca
*ERUCA Mill. 2944000
CHAMIRA Thunb. 2880000 (1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 12–14.
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 5.
(2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 378. sativa Mill.
E. vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell. (1)
circaeoides (L.f.) Zahlbr. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 1250–1550 m. G, FS
C. cornuta Thunb. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 50–750 m. NC, WC vesicaria (L.) Cav. subsp. sativa (Mill.) Thell. = E. sativa
cornuta Thunb. = C. circaeoides ERUCASTRUM (DC.) C.Presl 2947000
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 7–10.
CHEIRANTHUS L. 3005000 (2) Marais. Personal communication.
strictus L.f. = Heliophila scoparia var. scoparia arabicum Fisch. & C.A.Mey.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 0–1200 m. N, B
*CORONOPUS Zinn 2884000
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 94–96. griquense (N.E.Br.) O.E.Schulz
Brassica griquensis N.E.Br. (1)
Diplotaxis griquensis (N.E.Br.) Sprague (1)
didymus (L.) Sm. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.35 m. Alt 900–2850 m. N,
Lepidium didymus (L.) Sm. (1) LIM, NW, FS, NC
Senebiera didyma (L.) Pers. (1)
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 0–1350 m. NW, G, strigosum (Thunb.) O.E.Schulz
Brassica leptopetala (DC.) Sond. (1)
M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Brassica strigosa (Thunb.) DC. var. glabrata Sond. (1)
integrifolius (DC.) Spreng. Sinapis leptopetala DC. (1)
Senebiera integrifolia DC. (1) Sinapis retrosa Burch. ex DC. (1)
Senebiera linoides DC. (1) Sisymbrium strigosum Thunb. in part (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 100–1550 m. N, B, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 0–2200 m. NW, G, FS,
NW, G, FS, NC, WC KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
squamatus (Forssk.) Asch.
Senebiera coronopus (L.) Poir. (1) ERYSIMUM L. 3004000
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 100–900 m. WC officinale L. = Sisymbrium officinale
*CRAMBE L. 2958000 HELIOPHILA L. 2875000
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 15, 16. (1) Sonder. 1860. FC 1: 35–54.
(2) Prina. 2000. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 133: (2) Phillips. 1922. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 2: t. 48.
509–524. (3) Merxmüller. 1966. FSWA 48: 4–8.
hispanica L. (4) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 17–77.
(5) Oliver. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1707.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 1250–2150 m. KZN (6) Nordenstam. 1980. Journal of South African Botany 46: 251–
263.
CYCLOPTYCHIS E.Mey. ex Sond. 2878000 (7) Pienaar & Nicholas. 1988. Bothalia 18: 183–185.
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 80, 81. (8) Bean. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 670–674.
(2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 379. (9) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 379–382.
BRASSICACEAE Cardamine DICOTYLEDONS

abrotanifolia Banks ex DC. in part = H. carnosa brachycarpa Meisn.

Carpopodium carnosum Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
abrotanifolia Banks ex DC. in part = H. crithmifolia H. florulenta Sond. (4)
abrotanifolia Banks ex DC. var. tenuiloba Sond. = H. H. florulenta Sond. var. obliqua E.Mey. ex Sond. (4)
carnosa Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 50–
acuminata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. 750 m. WC, EC
H. eckloniana Sond. (4) brassicifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.
H. pallida Schltr. ex O.E.Schulz (4)
WC bulbostyla P.E.Barnes
adpressa O.E.Schulz WC
caledonica (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. = H. coronopifolia
affinis Sond. callosa (L.f.) DC.
H. leucantha Schltr. (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 500–1500 m. NC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 50–900 m. WC
carifolia Schltr. = H. variabilis
africana (L.) Marais
H. integrifolia L. (4) carnosa (Thunb.) Steud.
H. pilosa Lam. (4) H. abrotanifolia Banks ex DC. in part (4)
H. pilosa Lam. var. digitata in sense of Sond., misapplied name (4) H. abrotanifolia Banks ex DC. var. tenuiloba Sond. (1)
H. pilosa Lam. var. incisa DC. (4) H. chamaemifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
H. pilosa Lam. var. integrifolia (L.) DC. (4) H. crithmifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
H. rostrata C.Presl (4) H. grandiflora Schltr. (4)
H. stricta Sond. (4) H. platysiliqua R.Br. (4)
H. trichinostyla E.Phillips (4) H. sulcata Conrath (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.35 m. Alt 0–750 m. NC, WC H. sulcata Conrath var. modestior O.E.Schulz (4)
H. tripartita Thunb. (4)
aggregata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. = H. digitata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 0–2850 m.
alpina Marais N, G, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 2650–3350 m. L, carponemoides Schltr. = H. descurva
EC cedarbergensis Marais
amplexicaulis L.f. Perennial. Dwarf, often trailing, shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m.
H. amplexicaulis L.f. var. grandiflora Sond. (4) Alt 1200–1650 m. WC
H. amplexicaulis L.f. var. spathulata Sond. (4)
Ormiscus amplexicaulis (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) chamaemelifolia Burch. ex DC. = H. crithmifolia
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 50–1400 m. NC, chamaemelifolia Burch. ex DC. forma grandiflora
WC O.E.Schulz = H. crithmifolia
amplexicaulis L.f. var. grandiflora Sond. = H. amplexi- chamaemifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = H. carnosa
caulis cinerea Marais
H. incana Aiton (4)
amplexicaulis L.f. var. spathulata Sond. = H. amplexi-
caulis Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 0–150 m. WC
clavuligera O.E.Schulz = H. pinnata
anomala Schltr. = H. tulbaghensis
collina O.E.Schulz
arabidea Schltr. = H. crithmifolia
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 650–1500 m. NC,
arenaria Schltr., not of Sond. = H. lactea WC
arenaria Sond. var. acocksii Marais concatenata Sond.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 150–750 m. NC, H. coronopifolia in sense of Adamson, misapplied name (4)
WC H. rosea Schltr. (4)
H. salteri Exell (4)
arenaria Sond. var. agtertuinensis (O.E.Schulz) H. scabrida Schltr. (4)
Marais Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 150–750 m. WC
H. maximilianii Schltr. var. agtertuinensis Schltr. (4)
cornellsbergia B.J.Pienaar & Nicholas
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 200–300 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 1100–1400 m. NC
arenaria Sond. var. arenaria cornuta Sond. var. cornuta
H. maximilianii Schltr. (4)
H. sabulosa Schltr. (4) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 150–1050
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 100–1500 m. NC, m. N, NC, WC
WC cornuta Sond. var. squamata (Schltr.) Marais
H. squamata Schltr. (4)
arenaria Sond. var. glabrescens (O.E.Schulz) Marais
H. sabulosa Schltr. var. glabrescens Schltr. (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 200–1800 m. N,
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 100–750 m. WC NC, WC, EC
arenosa Schltr. coronopifolia in sense of Adamson, misapplied name =
H. stenocarpa Schltr. (4) H. concatenata
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 50–1250 m. WC coronopifolia L.
aspera Schltr. = H. scoparia var. aspera H. caledonica (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. (4)
H. dissecta Thunb. (1)
azureiflora Schltr. = H. lactea H. dissecta Thunb. var. pinnata DC. (4)
basutica E.Phillips = H. suavissima H. filifolia L.f. (4)
DICOTYLEDONS BRASSICACEAE Heliophila

H. fistulosa Sond. (4) elongata (Thunb.) DC.

H. longifolia DC. (4) H. stylosa Burch. ex DC. (4)
H. sonchifolia DC. (4) H. virgata Burch. ex DC. (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 0–1800 m. NC, WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 0–2050 m.
crithmifolia Willd. KZN, WC, EC
H. abrotanifolia Banks ex DC. in part (4) ephemera P.A.Bean
H. arabidea Schltr. (4)
H. chamaemelifolia Burch. ex DC. (4) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 1500–1600 m. WC
H. chamaemelifolia Burch. ex DC. forma grandiflora O.E.Schulz (4) esterhuyseniae Marais
H. crithmifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. parvifolia Burch. ex DC. (4) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1050–1500
H. foeniculacea R.Br. (4)
m. WC
WC exilis Schltr. = H. pinnata
crithmifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = H. carnosa eximia Marais
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt 0–900 m. N, NC
crithmifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. parvifolia Burch. ex DC.
= H. crithmifolia falcata Eckl. & Zeyh. = H. linearis var. linearis
cuneata Marais fascicularis DC. = H. suavissima
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.3 m. Alt 50–600 m. WC filicaulis Marais
dentifera Sond. = H. meyeri var. meyeri Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1000–1100
m. WC
descurva Schltr.
H. carponemoides Schltr. (4) filifolia L.f. = H. coronopifolia
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 250–1100 m. NC, fistulosa Sond. = H. coronopifolia
WC flacca Sond. = H. diffusa var. flacca
deserticola Schltr. var. deserticola florulenta Sond. = H. brachycarpa
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 450–1350 m. N, florulenta Sond. var. obliqua E.Mey. ex Sond. = H.
NC, WC brachycarpa
deserticola Schltr. var. micrantha A.Schreib. foeniculacea R.Br. = H. crithmifolia
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 800–1300 m. N, NC formosa Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
deserticola O.E.Schulz var. rangei O.E.Schulz = H. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1950–2950 m.
minima KZN, L
deserticola O.E.Schulz var. umbrosa O.E.Schulz = H. gariepina Schltr.
trifurca Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 200–900 m. NC
diffusa (Thunb.) DC. var. diffusa glauca Burch. ex DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 50–1350 m. NC, Carpopodium cleomoides in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., misapplied
WC name (4)
H. glauca Burch. var. purpurascens DC. (4)
diffusa (Thunb.) DC. var. flacca (Sond.) Marais
H. flacca Sond. (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 150–1300 m. WC,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 300–1100 m. WC EC
digitata L.f. glauca Burch. var. purpurascens DC. = H. glauca
H. aggregata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. (4) gracilis Sond. = H. digitata
H. gracilis Sond. (4)
H. odontopetala Zahlbr. (4)
grandiflora Schltr. = H. carnosa
H. tenuifolia Sond. (4) incana Aiton = H. cinerea
H. viminalis E.Mey. ex Sond. (6) integrifolia L. = H. africana
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 0–950 m. NC, WC
katbergensis Marais
dissecta Thunb. = H. coronopifolia Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1650–1850 m. EC
dissecta Thunb. var. pinnata DC. = H. coronopifolia laciniata Marais
divaricata Banks ex DC. = H. pusilla var. pusilla Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 350–600 m. NC
dregeana Sond. lactea Schltr.
H. dregeana Sond. var. induta O.E.Schulz (4) H. arenaria Schltr., not of Sond. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 750–1350 H. azureiflora Schltr. (4)
m. WC H. sparsiflora Schltr. (4)
H. venusta Dinter (2)
dregeana Sond. var. induta O.E.Schulz = H. dregeana
eckloniana Sond. = H. acuminata WC
edentula O.E.Schulz in part = H. minima
lanceolata Adamson = H. pusilla var. lanceolata
edentula O.E.Schulz in part = H. trifurca
latisiliqua E.Mey. ex Sond. var. latisiliqua = H. thun-
elata Sond. var. elata bergii var. thunbergii
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 150–750
m. NC, WC latisiliqua E.Mey. ex Sond. var. macrostylis (E.Mey. ex
elata Sond. var. pillansii Marais Sond.) Marais = H. thunbergii var. macrostylis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 1200–1500 leptophylla Schltr.
m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 100–150 m. WC
BRASSICACEAE Heliophila DICOTYLEDONS

leucantha Schltr. = H. affinis Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 1400–

linearifolia Burch. ex DC. = H. linearis var. linearifo- 2000 m. WC
lia obibensis Marais
linearifolia Burch. ex DC. var. hirsuta Burch. ex DC. = Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 450–750 m. N
H. linearis var. linearis odontopetala Zahlbr. = H. digitata
linearifolia Burch. ex DC. var. pilosiuscula Sond. = H. oreophila Schltr. = H. pinnata
linearis var. linearis pallida Schltr. ex O.E.Schulz = H. acuminata
linearis (Thunb.) DC. var. linearifolia (Burch. ex DC.) patens Oliv.
Marais Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 100–250 m. WC
H. linearifolia Burch. ex DC. (4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 0–1350 m. WC pearsonii O.E.Schulz = H. minima
linearis (Thunb.) DC. var. linearis pearsonii O.E.Schulz var. edentata Hainz = H. minima
H. falcata Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) pearsonii O.E.Schulz var. prageri O.E.Schulz = H.
H. linearifolia Burch. ex DC. var. hirsuta Burch. ex DC. (4) minima
H. linearifolia Burch. ex DC. var. pilosiuscula Sond. (4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 0–1150 m. WC, EC pectinata Burch. ex DC.
linearis (Thunb.) DC. var. reticulata (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
WC
Marais
H. reticulata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Marais (4) pendula Willd.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 0–100 m. WC H. pinnata Vent. (4)
H. rivalis Burch. ex DC. (4)
linoides Schltr. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.5 m. Alt 0–1350 m. WC, EC
H. torulosa O.E.Schulz in part (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 150–500 m. WC pilosa Lam. = H. africana
longifolia DC. = H. coronopifolia pilosa Lam. var. digitata in sense of Sond., misapplied
name = H. africana
macowaniana Schltr.
H. sabulosa Schltr. forma albiflora O.E.Schulz (4) pilosa Lam. var. incisa DC. = H. africana
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 100–1050 m. WC pilosa Lam. var. integrifolia (L.) DC. = H. africana
macra Schltr. pinnata L.f.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.3 m. Alt 0–1050 m. WC H. clavuligera O.E.Schulz (4)
H. exilis Schltr. (4)
macrosperma Burch. ex DC. H. oreophila Schltr. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 0–150 m. EC H. trifida Thunb. (4)
macrostylis E.Mey. ex Sond. = H. latisiliqua var. macro- Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 400–1600 m. NC,
stylis WC
marlothii O.E.Schulz = H. seselifolia var. marlothii pinnata Vent. = H. pendula
maximilianii Schltr. = H. arenaria var. arenaria pinnatisecta E.Phillips = H. latisiliqua var. latisiliqua
maximilianii Schltr. var. agtertuinensis Schltr. = H. are- platysiliqua R.Br. = H. carnosa
naria var. agtertuinensis polygaloides Schltr. = Silicularia polygaloides
meyeri Sond. var. meyeri promontorii Marais
H. dentifera Sond. (4) H. trifida of author, not of Thunb., misapplied name (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 300–1150 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.25 m. Alt 0–250 m. WC
meyeri Sond. var. minor Marais pubescens Burch. ex Sond.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 200–250 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1200–1600 m. NC,
minima (Stephens) Marais WC
Cleome minima Stephens (3) pusilla L.f. var. lanceolata (Adamson) Marais
H. deserticola O.E.Schulz var. rangei O.E.Schulz (4) H. lanceolata Adamson (4)
H. pearsonii O.E.Schulz (4) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt. 0–1000 m. WC
H. pearsonii O.E.Schulz var. edentata Hainz (4)
H. pearsonii O.E.Schulz var. prageri O.E.Schulz (4) pusilla L.f. var. macrosperma Marais
H. smithii O.E.Schulz (4) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt 50–300 m. WC
H. suavissima Sond. var. incana Sond. (4)
H. suavissima Sond. var. velutina O.E.Schulz (4) pusilla L.f. var. pusilla
H. divaricata Banks ex DC. (4)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.6 m. Alt 900– Ormiscus pusilla (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
1850 m. N, FS, NC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.2 m. Alt 0–1000 m. WC
monticola Sond. = H. variabilis pusilla L.f. var. setacea (Schltr.) Marais
namaquana Bolus H. setacea Schltr. (4)
H. sarcostyla Schltr. (4) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 100–200 m. WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt 600–1250 m. NC, ramosissima O.E.Schulz
WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 300–900
natalensis O.E.Schulz = H. subulata m. WC
nigellifolia Schltr. = H. seselifolia var. nigellifolia refracta Sond.
nubigena Schltr. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 0–750 m. WC
DICOTYLEDONS BRASSICACEAE Heliophila

remotiflora O.E.Schulz Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 0–2600 m.

H. torulosa O.E.Schulz in part (4) N, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
suavissima Sond. var. incana Sond. = H. minima
reticulata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Marais = H. linearis var. reti- suavissima Sond. var. velutina O.E.Schulz = H. minima
culata
subulata Burch. ex DC.
rigidiuscula Sond. Cleome capensis L. (4)
H. virgata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., misapplied name (4) H. natalensis O.E.Schulz (4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.9 m. Alt 100–3350 m. H. subulata Burch. var. glabrata Sond. (1)
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC H. woodii Conrath (4)
Perennial, occ. annual. Shrublet or herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m.
rimicola Marais Alt 0–2000 m. KZN, WC, EC
2100 m. WC subulata Burch. var. glabrata Sond. = H. subulata
sulcata Conrath = H. carnosa
rivalis Burch. ex DC. = H. pendula
sulcata Conrath var. modestior O.E.Schulz = H. carnosa
rosea Schltr. = H. concatenata
tabularis Wolley-Dod
rostrata C.Presl = H. africana Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.12 m. Alt 50–250 m. WC
sabulosa Schltr. = H. arenaria var. arenaria tenuifolia Sond. = H. digitata
sabulosa Schltr. forma albiflora O.E.Schulz = H. thunbergii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. var. macrostylis
macowaniana (E.Mey. ex Sond.) B.Nord.
sabulosa Schltr. var. glabrescens Schltr. = H. arenaria H. latisiliqua E.Mey. ex Sond. var. macrostylis (E.Mey. ex Sond.)
var. glabrescens Marais (6)
H. macrostylis E.Mey. ex Sond. (4)
salteri Exell = H. concatenata Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 600–1050 m. NC
sarcostyla Schltr. = H. namaquana thunbergii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. var. thunbergii
scabrida Schltr. = H. concatenata H. latisiliqua E.Mey. ex Sond. var. latisiliqua (6)
H. pinnatisecta E.Phillips (4)
scandens Harv. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 400–1200 m. NC,
Perennial. Climber. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 0–50 m. KZN, WC
EC
torulosa O.E.Schulz in part = H. linoides
schulzii Marais
torulosa O.E.Schulz in part = H. remotiflora
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 150–1300 m. NC
trichinostyla E.Phillips = H. africana
scoparia Burch. ex DC. var. aspera (Schltr.) Marais
H. aspera Schltr. (4) tricuspidata Schltr.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 500–1350 m. WC Perennial. Shrublet. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1450–1600 m.
WC
scoparia Burch. ex DC. var. scoparia
Cheiranthus strictus L.f. (4) trifida of author, not of Thunb., misapplied name = H.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 0–1700 m. WC promontorii
seselifolia Burch. ex DC. var. marlothii (O.E.Schulz) trifida Thunb. = H. pinnata
Marais trifurca Burch. ex DC.
H. marlothii O.E.Schulz (4) H. deserticola O.E.Schulz var. umbrosa O.E.Schulz (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 500–1600 m. NC, H. edentula O.E.Schulz in part (4)
WC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 100–1850 m. N, NC
seselifolia Burch. ex DC. var. nigellifolia (Schltr.) Marais tripartita Thunb. = H. carnosa
H. nigellifolia Schltr. (4)
tulbaghensis Schinz
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 100–1350 m. NC, H. anomala Schltr. (4)
WC Perennial. Shrublet. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 1200–1650
seselifolia Burch. ex DC. var. seselifolia m. WC
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 400–1550 m. N, variabilis Burch. ex DC.
NC, WC H. carifolia Schltr. (4)
setacea Schltr. = H. pusilla var. setacea H. monticola Sond. (4)
sisymbrioides Schltr. = Aplanodes sisymbrioides
WC
smithii O.E.Schulz = H. minima
venusta Dinter = H. lactea
sonchifolia DC. = H. coronopifolia
viminalis E.Mey. ex Sond. = H. digitata
sparsiflora Schltr. = H. lactea
virgata Burch. ex DC. = H. elongata
squamata Schltr. = H. cornuta var. squamata
virgata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., misapplied name = H.
stenocarpa Schltr. = H. arenosa rigidiuscula
stricta Sond. = H. africana woodii Conrath = H. subulata
stylosa Burch. ex DC. = H. elongata
suavissima Burch. ex DC. *HIRSCHFELDIA Moench 2947010
H. basutica E.Phillips (4) (1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 11.
H. fascicularis DC. (4) (2) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 80, 81.
BRASSICACEAE Heliophila DICOTYLEDONS

incana (L.) Lagr.-Foss. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt 100–1550 m. N, FS,

Sinapis incana L. (1) NC, WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 150–550 m. WC, EC
didymus (L.) Sm. = Coronopus didymus
*HYMENOLOBUS Nutt. in 2985010 divaricatum Aiton = L. africanum subsp. divaricatum
Torr. & A.Gray divaricatum Aiton subsp. divaricatum = L. africanum
(1) Heywood. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 317. subsp. divaricatum
(2) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 98.
divaricatum Aiton subsp. ecklonii var. pumilum (Sond.)
procumbens (L.) Nutt. in Torr. & A.Gray
Capsella procumbens (L.) Fr. (2) Thell. = L. ecklonii
Lepidium procumbens L. (2) divaricatum Aiton subsp. ecklonii var. sylvaticum (Eckl.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.3 m. Alt 1550–1600 m. NC & Zeyh.) Thell. = L. ecklonii
LEPIDIUM L. 2883000 divaricatum Aiton subsp. linoides in sense of Exell,
(1) Sonder. 1850. Linnaea 23: 4.
misapplied name = L. africanum subsp. africa-
(2) Sonder. 1860. FC 1: 28–30. num
(3) Burtt Davy. 1926. A manual of the flowering plants and ferns of divaricatum Aiton subsp. linoides (Thunb.) Thell. var.
the Transvaal with Swaziland, South Africa 1: 129.
(4) Adamson. 1950. In Adamson & Salter, Flora of the Cape
subdentatum in sense of Robyns & Boutique, mis-
Peninsula: 418–420. applied name = L. africanum subsp. africanum
(5) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 83–94. divaricatum Aiton subsp. trifurcum (Sond.) Marais = L.
(6) Jonsell. 1975. Botaniska Notiser 128: 20–46.
trifurcum
africanum (Burm.f.) DC. subsp. africanum divaricatum in sense of DC., misapplied name = L.
L. divaricatum Aiton subsp. linoides in sense of Exell, misapplied africanum subsp. africanum
name (6) ecklonii Schrad.
L. divaricatum Aiton subsp. linoides (Thunb.) Thell. var. subdenta- L. capense in sense of Sond. in part, misapplied name (5)
tum in sense of Robyns & Boutique, misapplied name (6) L. divaricatum Aiton subsp. ecklonii var. pumilum (Sond.) Thell. (5)
L. divaricatum in sense of DC., misapplied name (5) L. divaricatum Aiton subsp. ecklonii var. sylvaticum (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
L. linoides Thunb. in part (6) Thell. (5)
L. schlechteri Burtt Davy (3) L. sylvaticum Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Thlaspi africanum Burm.f. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.6 m. Alt 0–2650 m. WC,
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 50–1700 m. LIM, EC
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
flexuosum Thunb.
africanum (Burm.f.) DC. subsp. divaricatum (Aiton)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt up to 300 m. WC
Jonsell
L. divaricatum Aiton (6) linoides Thunb. in part = L. africanum subsp. africa-
L. divaricatum Aiton subsp. divaricatum (6) num
L. linoides Thunb. in part (6)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 400–1700 m. N, NW, linoides Thunb. in part = L. africanum subsp. divari-
FS, L, NC, WC, EC catum
africanum in sense of DC., misapplied name = L. capense mossii Thell.
africanum of author, not of (Burm.f.) DC. misapplied Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 1350–1750 m. G,
name = L. capense FS
africanum Thunb. var. serratum Thell. = L. capense myriocarpum Sond.
africanum Thunb. var. typicum Thell. = L. capense
KZN, L, EC
basuticum Marais
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 2000–2850 m. L, pinnatum Thunb.
EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 100–1350 m. WC
procumbens L. = Hymenolobus procumbens
bipinnatum Thunb.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.8–1 m. Alt? NC schinzii Thell.
L. trifurcum in sense of Thell., misapplied name (5)
*bonariense L. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 400–2700 m. G, M,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 0–2000 m. B, LIM, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
schlechteri Burtt Davy = L. africanum subsp. africa-
*campestre R.Br. num
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt? EC
schlechteri Thell.
capense in sense of Sond. in part, misapplied name = L.
ecklonii
NC, WC
capense Thunb.
L. africanum in sense of DC., misapplied name (5) suluense Marais
L. africanum of author, not of (Burm.f.) DC., concept invalid (5) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt up to 230 m. KZN
L. africanum Thunb. var. serratum Thell. (5)
L. africanum Thunb. var. typicum Thell. (5) sylvaticum Eckl. & Zeyh. = L. ecklonii
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 0–1500 m. WC, transvaalense Marais
EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 550–2400 m. G,
desertorum Eckl. & Zeyh. M, S, FS, L
DICOTYLEDONS BRASSICACEAE *Hirschfeldia

trifurcum Sond. pusillus (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Heliophila pusilla var.
L. divaricatum Aiton subsp. trifurcum (Sond.) Marais (5) pusilla
L, NC, EC PALMSTRUCKIA Sond. 2879010
trifurcum in sense of Thell., misapplied name = L. capensis Sond. = Thlaspeocarpa capensis
schinzii
*virginicum L. *RAPHANUS L. 2950000
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt 0–1450 m. LIM, G, (1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 14, 15.
M, KZN, NC, WC (2) Pistrick. 1987. Kulturpflanze 33: 223–321.
*LOBULARIA Desv. 3013000 raphanistrum L.
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 99, 100. Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 0–2450 m.
(2) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 198, 199. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
maritima (L.) Desv. sativus L.
Alyssum maritimum (L.) Lam. (1) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.3 m. Alt 1250–1300 m. LIM
1750 m. G, WC, EC *RAPISTRUM Crantz 2956000
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 16.
MATTHIOLA R.Br. 3042000 (2) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 64, 65.
(1) Aiton. 1812. Hortus kewensis edn 2, 4: 119.
(2) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 109, 110.
rugosum (L.) All.
Myagrum rugosum L. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.35–1 m. Alt 100–1600 m. N, NW,
*bicornis (Sibth. & Sm.) DC. KZN, NC, WC, EC
M. longipetala (Vent.) DC. subsp. bicornis (Sibth. & Sm.) P.W.Ball
(2)
RORIPPA Scop. 2965010
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt? FS
(1) Thellung. 1911. Vierteljahrsschrift der Naturforschenden Gesell-
*incana (L.) R.Br. schaft in Zürich 56: 259, 260.
Biennial, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 0– (2) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 105–109.
300 m. WC (3) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 150–165.
(4) Al-Shehbaz & Price. 1998. Novon 8: 124–126.
longipetala (Vent.) DC. subsp. bicornis (Sibth. & Sm.)
caledonica (Sond.) R.A.Dyer = R. fluviatilis var. cale-
P.W.Ball = M. bicornis
donica
torulosa (Thunb.) DC.
fluviatilis (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Thell. var. caledonica
(Sond.) Marais
N, NW, FS, L, NC, WC, EC Nasturtium caledonicum Sond. (2)
Nasturtium fluviatile E.Mey. ex Sond. var. caledonicum (Sond.)
MYAGRUM L. 2922000 Sond. (2)
R. caledonica (Sond.) R.A.Dyer (1)
rugosum L. = Rapistrum rugosum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–0.75 m. Alt 1150–1700 m.
*NASTURTIUM R.Br. 2965000 NW, FS, L, NC, EC
(1) Martinez-Laborde. 1995. European garden flora 4: 140. fluviatilis (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Thell. var. fluviatilis
(2) Al-Shehbaz & Price. 1998. Novon 8: 124–126. Nasturtium fluviatile E.Mey. ex Sond. (2)
caledonicum Sond. = Rorippa fluviatilis var. caledo-
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, EC
nica
humifusa (Guill. & Perr.) Hiern
elongatum E.Mey. ex Burtt Davy = Rorippa nudiuscula Nasturtium humifusum Guill. & Perr. (2)
fluviatile E.Mey. ex Sond. = Rorippa fluviatilis var. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 250–350 m. N
fluviatilis madagascariensis (DC.) Hara
fluviatile E.Mey. ex Sond. var. caledonicum (Sond.) Nasturtium indicum in sense of Oliv., misapplied name (2)
Sond. = Rorippa fluviatilis var. caledonicum Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 0–300 m. LIM, M,
fluviatile E.Mey. var. brevistylum Sond. = Rorippa nu- KZN
diuscula nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek = Nasturtium offici-
humifusum Guill. & Perr. = Rorippa humifusa nale
indicum in sense of Oliv. = Rorippa madagascariensis nudiuscula Thell.
Nasturtium elongatum E.Mey. ex Burtt Davy (2)
integrifolium Szyszyl. = Rorippa nudiuscula Nasturtium fluviatile E.Mey. var. brevistylum Sond. (2)
Nasturtium integrifolium Szyszyl. (2)
officinale R.Br.
Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum (L.) Hayek (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 0–2400 m. N, LIM,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 50–2300 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
SCHLECHTERIA Bolus 3008000
ORMISCUS DC. 2875030 (1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 77.
(2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 379–382.
amplexicaulis (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Heliophila amplexi-
caulis capensis Bolus
BRASSICACEAE Lepidium DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 1200–1700 Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 1200–
m. WC 1400 m. N
gariepinum Burch. ex DC. = S. burchellii var. burchel-
SENEBIERA DC. 2884010 lii
coronopus (L.) Poir. = Coronopus squamatus *irio L.
didyma (L.) Pers. = Coronopus didymus Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 550–700 m. EC
integrifolia DC. = Coronopus integrifolius murale L. = Diplotaxis muralis
linoides DC. = Coronopus integrifolius *officinale (L.) Scop.
Erysimum officinale L. (1)
SILICULARIA Compton 2878010 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.9 m. Alt 150–1750 m. LIM,
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 81, 82. G, KZN, WC, EC
(2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 379–382. *orientale L.
polygaloides (Schltr.) Marais S. strigosum Thunb. in part (1)
Heliophila polygaloides Schltr. (1) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 0–2750 m. G, FS,
S. sigillata Compton (1) KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 950–1500 strigosum Thunb. in part = S. orientale
m. WC
strigosum Thunb. in part = Erucastrum strigosum
sigillata Compton = S. polygaloides
thalianum J.Gay ex Monnard = Arabidopsis thaliana
*SINAPIS L. 2945000 thellungii O.E.Schulz
(1) Linnaeus. 1753. Species plantarum edn 1, 2: 668, 669. Brassica pachypoda Thell. (1)
(2) Schulz. 1919. Das Pflanzenreich 4,105,1, Heft 70: 117–136. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 0–1950 m. LIM,
(3) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 10, 11. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
(5) Chater. 1993. Flora europaea edn 2, 1: 409, 410. tripinnatum DC. = Descurainia sophia
alba L. turczaninowii Sond.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 0–1350 m. EC S. burchellii DC. var. turczaninowii (Sond.) O.E.Schulz (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.35–0.45 m. Alt 600–3100 m. NW,
arvensis L.
Brassica arvensis in sense of Burtt Davy, misapplied name (3) G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 250–1550 m. G, M, FS, THLASPEOCARPA C.A.Sm. 2879000
KZN, EC
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 77–79.
incana L. = Hirschfeldia incana (2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 379–383.
juncea L. = Brassica juncea capensis (Sond.) C.A.Sm.
Palmstruckia capensis Sond. (1)
leptopetala DC. = Erucastrum strigosum
nigra L. = Brassica nigra WC
retrosa Burch. ex DC. = Erucastrum strigosum namaquensis Marais
SISYMBRIUM L. 2917000
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 110–117.
*THLASPI L. 2903000
(1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 97.
burchellii DC. var. burchellii (2) Rich. 1991. Crucifers of Great Britain and Ireland: 236–241.
S. gariepinum Burch. ex DC. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 50–1700 m. N, B, africanum Burm.f. = Lepidium africanum subsp. afri-
FS, NC, WC, EC canum
burchellii DC. var. dinteri (O.E.Schulz) Marais arvense L.
S. dinteri O.E.Schulz (1) Annual or biennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 500–550
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 1400–1800 m. N m. EC
burchellii DC. var. turczaninowii (Sond.) O.E.Schulz = bursa-pastoris L. = Capsella bursa-pastoris
S. turczaninowii
capense Thunb. *TURRITIS L. 3000000
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 0–2300 m. G, M, FS, (1) Marais. 1970. FSA 13: 104, 105.
KZN, L, NC, WC, EC dregeana Sond. = T. glabra
capense Thunb. × S. turczaninowii Sond. glabra L.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 1200–1700 m. FS, L, Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. (1)
Arabis perfoliata Lam. (1)
NC, WC T. dregeana Sond. (1)
dinteri O.E.Schulz = S. burchellii var. dinteri Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 850–2350 m. LIM, M,
dissitiflora O.E.Schulz KZN, L, EC
DICOTYLEDONS BRASSICACEAE Schlechteria

BRUNIACEAE
Compiled by M. Quint
AUDOUINIA Brongn. 3283000 BRUNIA Lam. 3292000

(1) Pillans. 1947. Journal of South African Botany 13: 126, 127. (1) Phillips. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 92.
(2) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany, Suppl. (2) Dyer. 1944. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 24: t. 928.
Vol. 13: 207. (3) Pillans. 1947. Journal of South African Botany 13: 178–186.
(4) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany, Suppl.
capitata (L.) Brongn. Vol. 13: 208.
610 m. WC albiflora E.Phillips
BERARDIA Sond. 3289030 alopecuroides Thunb.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 365–1220 m. WC
dregeana Sond. = Raspalia dregeana capitellata E.Mey. = Raspalia staavioides
fragarioides Schltdl. = Nebelia fragarioides fragarioides Willd. = Nebelia fragarioides
globosa Sond. = Nebelia fragarioides globosa Thunb. = Nebelia fragarioides
microphylla Sond. = Raspalia microphylla laevis Thunb.
paleacea Brongn. = Nebelia paleacea
laxa Thunb. = Tittmannia laxa var. laxa
phyllicoides Brongn. = Raspalia phylicoides
macrocephala Willd.
velutina Schltr. = Raspalia dregeana B. marlothii Schltr. (3)
BERZELIA Brongn. 3294000 marlothii Schltr. = B. macrocephala
(2) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany, Suppl. neglecta Schltr.
Vol. 13: 207, 208. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 490–700 m. WC
abrotanoides (L.) Brongn. nodiflora L.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 5–795 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 10–1500 m. WC
arachnoidea (J.C.Wendl.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = B. squar- paleacea P.J.Bergius = Nebelia paleacea
rosa passerinoides Schltdl. = Raspalia phylicoides
burchellii Dummer phylicoides E.Mey. = Raspalia dregeana
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 20–760 m. WC pinifolia Brongn. = Pseudobaeckea africana
commutata Sond. racemosa Brongn. = Pseudobaeckea cordata
B. comosa Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) stokoei E.Phillips
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 100–800 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 250–915 m. WC
comosa Eckl. & Zeyh. = B. commutata thyrsophora Walp. = Pseudobaeckea africana
cordifolia Schltdl. verticillata Eckl. & Zeyh. = Raspalia virgata
dregeana Colozza LINCONIA L. 3287000
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.7 m. Alt 60–1100 m. WC (1) Phillips. 1930. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 10: t. 385.
ecklonii Pillans (3) Powrie. 1969. Journal of South African Botany 35: 332–335.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 110–450 m. WC (4) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany, Suppl.
Vol. 13: 208.
galpinii Pillans (5) Oliver. 1999. Bothalia 29: 256–258.
ericoides Oliv.
incurva Pillans Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt up to 500
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt 400–580 m. WC m. WC
intermedia (D.Dietr.) Schltdl. alopecuroidea L.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 30–1500 m. WC L. cuspidata Eckl. & Zeyh. (2)
lanuginosa (L.) Brongn. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt up to
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.4–2 m. Alt 10–2000 m. WC 610 m. WC
rubra Schltdl. cuspidata Eckl. & Zeyh. = L. alopecuroidea
B. squarrosa (Thunb.) Sond. var. reflexa Sond. (1) cuspidata (Thunb.) Sw.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1 m. Alt 30–900 m. WC L. deusta (Thunb.) Pillans (3)
squarrosa (Thunb.) Sond. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 915–1525
B. arachnoidea (J.C.Wendl.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (2) m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2 m. Alt 500–2000 m. WC deusta (Thunb.) Pillans = L. cuspidata
squarrosa (Thunb.) Sond. var. reflexa Sond. = B. rubra tamariscina E.Mey. = Pseudobaeckea africana
BRUNIACEAE Audouinia DICOTYLEDONS

LONCHOSTOMA Wikstr. 3286000 paleacea (P.J.Bergius) Sweet

Berardia paleacea Brongn. (1)
Brunia paleacea P.J.Bergius (1)
(3) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1208. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 45–
(4) Strid. 1968. Botaniska Notiser 121: 312–316. 1300 m. WC
Vol. 13: 208, 209.
sphaerocephala (Sond.) Kuntze
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt up to 1525 m. WC
acutiflorum Wikstr. = L. myrtoides
stokoei Pillans
esterhuyseniae Strid Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt?
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 1440 WC
m. WC
tulbaghensis Schltr. ex Dummer
monogynum (Vahl) Pillans Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? WC
L. monostylis Sond. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 230– PSEUDOBAECKEA Nied. 3291000
1750 m. WC (1) Phillips. 1924. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 4: t. 150.
monostylis Sond. = L. monogynum (2) Pillans. 1947. Journal of South African Botany 13: 138–143.
myrtoides (Vahl) Pillans Vol. 13: 209.
L. acutiflorum Wikstr. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.6 m. Alt up to africana (Burm.f.) Pillans
Brunia pinifolia Brongn. (2)
1370 m. WC Brunia thyrsophora Walp. (2)
obtusiflorum Wikstr. = L. pentandrum Linconia tamariscina E.Mey. (2)
P. pinifolia Nied. (2)
pentandrum (Thunb.) Druce
L. obtusiflorum Wikstr. (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 180–1220 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt up to cordata (Burm.f.) Nied.
1675 m. WC Brunia racemosa Brongn. (2)
P. gracilis Dummer (2)
purpureum Pillans Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 105–1540 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt up to
1755 m. WC gracilis Dummer = P. cordata
pinifolia Nied. = P. africana
MNIOTHAMNEA Nied. 3293000 stokoei Pillans
(1) Pillans. 1947. Journal of South African Botany 13: 167–169. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.6 m. Alt? WC
Vol. 13: 209.
teres (Oliv.) Dummer
bullata Schltr.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt up to 960 virgata Nied. = Raspalia virgata
m. WC RASPALIA Brongn. 3288000
callunoides (Oliv.) Nied. (1) Pillans. 1947. Journal of South African Botany 13: 147–161.
M. micrantha Schltr. (1) (2) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany, Suppl.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 500– Vol. 13: 209, 210.
1400 m. WC angulata (Sond.) Nied.
micrantha Schltr. = M. callunoides Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt up to
passerinoides C.H.Wright = Raspalia virgata 1675 m. WC
barnardii Pillans
MOESSLERA Rchb. 3285030
dregeana (Sond.) Nied.
lateriflora Eckl. & Zeyh. = Tittmannia laxa var. laxa Berardia dregeana Sond. (1)
Berardia velutina Schltr. (1)
Brunia phylicoides E.Mey. (1)
NEBELIA Neck. ex Sweet 3289000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.9 m. Alt? WC
(2) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany, Suppl. globosa (Lam.) Pillans
Vol. 13: 209. R. squalida Dummer (1)
fragarioides (Willd.) Kuntze 1525 m. WC
Berardia fragarioides Schltdl. (1)
Berardia globosa Sond. (1) microphylla (Thunb.) Brongn.
Brunia fragarioides Willd. (1) Berardia microphylla Sond. (1)
Brunia globosa Thunb. (1) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 150–
N. globosa Dummer (1)
2000 m. WC
1370 m. WC oblongifolia Pillans
globosa Dummer = N. fragarioides m. WC
laevis (E.Mey.) Kuntze palustris (Schltr. ex Kirchn.) Pillans
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1.5 m. Alt 580–1645 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–1.5 m. Alt up to 1675 m. WC
DICOTYLEDONS BRUNIACEAE Lonchostoma

passerinoides C.Presl. = R. phylicoides phylicoides Pillans

phylicoides (Thunb.) Arn. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt? WC
Berardia phyllicoides Brongn. (1) radiata (L.) Dahl
Brunia passerinoides Schltdl. (1) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 6–1220
R. passerinoides C.Presl. (1)
m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.7 m. Alt up to
1325 m. WC radiata (L.) Dahl var. glabra Sond. = S. dregeana
sacculata (Bolus ex Kirchn.) Pillans rupestris Eckl. & Zeyh. = S. capitella
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 960–1585 m. trichotoma (Thunb.) Pillans = S. capitella
WC verticillata (L.f.) Pillans
schlechteri Dummer S. nuda Brongn. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 1675
m. WC
squalida Dummer = R. globosa
zeyheri Sond.
staavioides (Sond.) Pillans
Brunia capitellata E.Mey. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt up to 200 m. WC
THAMNEA Sol. ex Brongn. 3284000
stokoei Pillans (1) Pillans. 1947. Journal of South African Botany 13: 143–147.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC (2) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany, Suppl.
trigyna (Schltr.) Dummer Vol. 13: 210, 211.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.4–2 m. Alt up to 90 m. KZN depressa Oliv.
variabilis Pillans Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt up to 2200 diosmoides Oliv.
m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt up to 1400
villosa C.Presl m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1 m. Alt up to 1525 m. WC gracilis (Kuntze) Oliv.
virgata (Brongn.) Pillans Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC
Brunia verticillata Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) hirtella Oliv.
Mniothamnea passerinoides C.H.Wright (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt up to 1300
Pseudobaeckea virgata Nied. (1)
m. WC
300–1500 m. WC massoniana Dummer
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt up to 1675
STAAVIA Dahl 3290000 m. WC
(1) Verdoorn. 1944. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 24: t. 927. thesioides Dummer
(2) Pillans. 1947. Journal of South African Botany 13: 169–178. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt up to 1600
(3) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany, Suppl. m. WC
Vol. 13: 210.
(4) Jordaan. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical uniflora Sol. ex Brongn.
Survey of South Africa No. 62: 345. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
brownii Dummer
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt up TITTMANNIA Brongn. 3285000
to 200 m. WC (1) Pillans. 1947. Journal of South African Botany 13: 127–130.
(2) Powrie. 1969. Journal of South African Botany 33: 363–365.
capitella (Thunb.) Sond. (3) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany, Suppl.
S. comosa Colozza (3) Vol. 13: 211.
S. globosa Sond. (3)
S. lateriflora Colozza (3) esterhuyseniae Powrie
S. rupestris Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt up to 915
S. trichotoma (Thunb.) Pillans (3) m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 15–1220 m. WC hispida Pillans
comosa Colozza = S. capitella Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? WC
dodii Bolus laevis Pillans
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 50–215 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 960–1675
m. WC
dregeana C.Presl
S. radiata (L.) Dahl var. glabra Sond. (2) laxa (Thunb.) C.Presl var. langebergensis Pillans
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? WC
glaucescens E.Mey. = S. glutinosa laxa (Thunb.) C.Presl var. laxa
Brunia laxa Thunb. (1)
globosa Sond. = S. capitella Moesslera lateriflora Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
glutinosa (L.) Dahl T. oliveri Dummer (1)
S. glaucescens E.Mey. (2) T. pruinosa Dummer (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.75–0.9 m. Alt 730–2500 m. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 425–
WC 2100 m. WC
lateriflora Colozza = S. capitella oliveri Dummer = T. laxa var. laxa
nuda Brongn. = S. verticillata pruinosa Dummer = T. laxa var. laxa
BRUNIACEAE Raspalia DICOTYLEDONS

BUDDLEJACEAE
BUDDLEJA L. 6473000 (2) Leeuwenberg. 1977. Mededelingen van de Landbouwhogeschool

Wageningen 77-8: 15–30.
(1) Letty. 1928. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 8: t. 314. (3) Leeuwenberg. 1983. FZ 7,1: 343, 344.
(2) Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 159–168.
(3) Leeuwenberg. 1979. Mededelingen van de Landbouwhogeschool incomptum (L.f.) N.E.Br.
Wageningen 79-6: 5–163. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 1000–1435
(4) Leeuwenberg. 1983. FZ 7,1: 333–343. m. NC, WC
auriculata Benth. virgatum (L.f.) Baill.
B. auriculata Benth. var. euryifolia Prain (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–3.5 m. Alt 900–2135 m. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub or herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC 110–2410 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN,
L, NC, WC, EC
auriculata Benth. var. euryifolia Prain = B. auriculata
corrugata (Benth.) E.Phillips = B. loricata LACHNOPYLIS Hochst. 6469010
dysophylla (Benth.) Radlk.
Chilianthus dysophyllus (Benth.) A.DC. (2) congesta (R.Br. ex Fresen.) C.A.Sm. = Nuxia congesta
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 0.9–7 m. Alt 45–1650 floribunda (Benth.) C.A.Sm. = Nuxia floribunda
m. M, S, KZN, EC glomerulata C.A.Sm. = Nuxia glomerulata
glomerata H.L.Wendl. gracilis (Engl.) C.A.Sm. = Nuxia gracilis
Chilianthus lobulatus (Benth.) A.DC. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–3.5 m. Alt 516–1450 m. NC, oppositifolia Hochst. = Nuxia oppositifolia
WC, EC
loricata Leeuwenb.
NUXIA Comm. ex Lam. 6469000
B. corrugata (Benth.) E.Phillips (3) (1) Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 150–159.
Chilianthus corrugatus (Benth.) A.DC. (3) (2) Leeuwenberg. 1975. Mededelingen van de Landbouwhogeschool
Wageningen 75-8: 1–78.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–3.5 m. Alt 900–2805 m. (3) Leeuwenberg. 1983. FZ 7,1: 349–353.
KZN, FS, L, EC
congesta R.Br. ex Fresen.
pulchella N.E.Br. Lachnopylis congesta (R.Br. ex Fresen.) C.A.Sm. (1)
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 0.8–3 m. Alt 45–1640 Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–20 m. Alt 30–1980 m.
m. LIM, S, KZN, EC B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
saligna Willd. floribunda Benth.
Chilianthus oleaceus Burch. (2)
Lachnopylis floribunda (Benth.) C.A.Sm. (1)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–7 m. Alt 40–1873 m. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–17 m. Alt 30–1980 m.
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
salviifolia (L.) Lam.
glomerulata (C.A.Sm.) I.Verd.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–8 m. Alt 10–2700 m. Lachnopylis glomerulata C.A.Sm. (1)
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 1200–1600 m.
NW, G
CHILIANTHUS Burch. 6473010
corrugatus (Benth.) A.DC. = Buddleja loricata gracilis Engl.
Lachnopylis gracilis (Engl.) C.A.Sm. (1)
dysophyllus (Benth.) A.DC. = Buddleja dysophylla Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–4 m. Alt 915–1770 m. LIM,
lobulatus (Benth.) A.DC. = Buddleja glomerata M, NW, NC
oleaceus Burch. = Buddleja saligna oppositifolia (Hochst.) Benth.
Lachnopylis oppositifolia Hochst. (1)
GOMPHOSTIGMA Turcz. 6470000 Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 50–1325 m. N,
(1) Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 168–171. LIM, M, S, KZN
BURSERACEAE
BALSAMODENDRUM Kunth 4151010 COMMIPHORA Jacq. 4151000

(1) Wild. 1963. FZ 2: 269–285.
africanum (A.Rich) Arn. = Commiphora africana var. (2) Van der Walt. 1986. FSA 18: 5–34.
africana (3) Gillett. 1991. FTEA Burseraceae: 1–94.
capense Sond. = Commiphora capensis africana (A.Rich.) Engl. var. africana
Balsamodendrum africanum (A.Rich.) Arn. (2)
schimperi O.Berg = Commiphora schimperi C. calciicola Engl. (2)
DICOTYLEDONS BUDDLEJACEAE Buddleja

C. sambesiaca Engl. (2) hereroensis Schinz = C. glaucescens.

Heudelotia africana A.Rich. (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–6.5 m. Alt karibensis Wild
90–1310 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–14 m. Alt ± 990 m. B
anacardiifolia Dinter & Engl. kraeuseliana Heine
Perennial. Tree. Ht ± 9 m. Alt 800–1500 m. N Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.21–2 m. Alt ± 570 m. N
angolensis Engl. kwebensis N.E.Br. = C. angolensis
C. kwebensis N.E.Br. (2) marlothii Engl.
C. nigrescens Engl. (2) Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–10 m. Alt 305–1495 m. B,
C. oliveri Engl. (2)
C. rehmannii Engl. (2)
LIM, G, M
Perennial. Tree, shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–7.5 m. Alt merkeri Engl. in part = C. viminea
155–1280 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M mollis (Oliv.) Engl.
berberidifolia Engl. = C. glandulosa C. cinerea Engl. (2)
C. dekindtiana Engl. (2)
betschuanica Engl. = C. schimperi C. montana Engl. (2)
C. welwitschii Engl. (2)
caerulea Burtt
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 500–1500 m. B Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 109–1450 m. N, B,
LIM, NW, M
calciicola Engl. = C. africana var. africana
montana Engl. = C. mollis
capensis (Sond.) Engl.
Balsamodendrum capense Sond. (2) mossambicensis (Oliv.) Engl.
C. stolzii Engl. (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–3 m. Alt 330–610 m. N, Proteum? mossambicense Oliv. (2)
NC Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–12 m. Alt 915–1050 m. N, B
caryaefolia Oliv. = C. woodii multijuga (Hiern) K.Schum.
cervifolia J.J.A.van der Walt Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–8 m. Alt 100–550 m. N
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt ± 800 m. N, namaensis Schinz
NC C. rotundifolia Dinter & Engl. (2)
chlorocarpa Engl. = C. edulis subsp. edulis Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 600–915 m. N, NC
cinerea Engl. = C. mollis neglecta I.Verd.
crenato-serrata Engl. Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 15–1310 m. LIM, NW,
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 1250–1400 m. N M, S, KZN
dekindtiana Engl. = C. mollis nigrescens Engl. = C. angolensis
dinteri Engl. oblanceolata Schinz
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 500–2166 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–3 m. Alt 500–1850 m. N
N oliveri Engl. = C. angolensis
discolor Mendes porensis Engl. = Lannea schweinfurthii var.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–9.14 m. Alt 1000–1300 m. N stuhlmannii
dulcis Engl. = C. saxicola pruinosa Engl. = C. glaucescens.
edulis (Klotzsch) Engl. subsp. edulis pyracanthoides Engl.
C. chlorocarpa Engl. (2) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–6 m. Alt 155–1800 m.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–6 m. Alt 450–1500 m. N, B, N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
LIM pyracanthoides Engl. subsp. glandulosa (Schinz) Wild
giessii J.J.A.van der Walt = C. glandulosa
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 400– rehmannii Engl. = C. angolensis
800 m. N rotundifolia Dinter & Engl. = C. namaensis
glandulosa Schinz sambesiaca Engl. = C. africana var. africana
C. berberidifolia Engl. (2)
C. pyracanthoides Engl. subsp. glandulosa (Schinz) Wild (2) saxicola Engl.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–10 m. Alt 30–1370 m. C. dulcis Engl. (2)
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.2–4 m. Alt 50–450 m. N
glaucescens Engl. schimperi (O.Berg) Engl.
Balsamodendrum schimperi O.Berg (2)
C. pruinosa Engl. (2)
C. betschuanica Engl. (2)
C. hereroensis Schinz (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 550–1350 m. N Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 60–1465 m. B,
LIM, NW, S, KZN
gracilifrondosa Dinter ex J.J.A.van der Walt
spondioides Engl. = C. zanzibarica
N, NC stolzii Engl. = C. mossambicensis
harveyi (Engl.) Engl. subglauca Engl. = Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra
Protium africanum Harv. (2) tenuipetiolata Engl.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–20 m. Alt 5–1280 m. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–12 m. Alt 305–1350 m.
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC N, B, LIM, M
BURSERACEAE Commiphora DICOTYLEDONS

viminea Burtt Davy EC

C. merkeri Engl. in part (3)
zanzibarica (Baill.) Engl.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 275–855 m. N, LIM, M C. spondioides Engl. (2)
virgata Engl. Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–9 m. Alt 15–60 m. M, KZN
N HEUDELOTIA A.Rich 4151020
welwitschii Engl. = C. mollis africana A.Rich. = Commiphora africana var. africana
wildii Merxm. PROTIUM in sense of Wight & 4151030
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt ± 450 m. N Arn., not of Burm.f.
woodii Engl.
C. caryaefolia Oliv. (2) africanum Harv. = Commiphora harveyi
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–12 m. Alt 15–1370 m. S, KZN, ? mossambicense Oliv. = Commiphora mossambicensis
BUXACEAE
BUXELLA Tiegh. 4533000 LIM, NW, M, KZN, EC

macowanii (Oliv.) Tiegh. = Buxus macowanii natalensis (Oliv.) Hutch.
Notobuxus natalensis Oliv. (1)
BUXUS L. 4533000 Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 5–1100 m. KZN,
(1) Glen. 1996. Bothalia 26: 37–40. EC
macowanii Oliv. NOTOBUXUS Oliv. 4534000
Buxella macowanii (Oliv.) Tiegh. (1)
Notobuxus macowanii (Oliv.) E.Phillips (1) macowanii (Oliv.) E.Phillips = Buxus macowanii
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–10 m. Alt 15–1400 m. natalensis Oliv. = Buxus natalensis
CABOMBACEAE
Compiled by R.P. Glen & C.D.K. Cook
BRASENIA Schreb. 2510000 schreberi J.F.Gmel.

(1) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 173–175. Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte: epihydate. Ht depending
(2) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Cabombaceae: 1–3. on depth of water. Alt 600–1450 m. B, M
CACTACEAE
*CEREUS Mill. 5401000 (2) Hunt & Leuenberger. 1989. European garden flora 3: 211, 212.
(1) Cabrera. 1965. Flora de la Provincia de Buenos Aires 4: 275–279. martinii (Labour.) Britton
(2) Hunt. 1989. European garden flora 3: 222, 223. Perennial. Climber, succulent. Ht ± 2 m. Alt 300–1600
jamacaru DC. m. KZN, WC
Perennial. Tree, succulent. Ht 2–7 m. Alt up to 1500
m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC *HYLOCEREUS (A.Berger) 5401060
Britton & Rose
*ECHINOPSIS Zucc. 5406000 (1) Hunt. 1989. European garden flora 3: 212.
(1) Hunt. 1989. European garden flora 3: 237–243. undatus (Haw.) Saff.
spachiana (Lem.) Friedrich & G.D.Rowley Perennial. Climber, succulent. Ht 1–2 m. Alt up to 500
Trichocereus spachianus (Lem.) Riccob. (1) m. M, KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 1–2 m. Alt up to 1500 m.
NW, FS, NC, WC, EC *OPUNTIA Mill. 5417000
(1) Obermeyer. 1976. FSA 22: 149–155.
*HARRISIA Britton 5401010 (2) Hunt. 1989. European garden flora 3: 297–300.
(1) Obermeyer. 1976. FSA 22: 145, 146. aurantiaca Lindl.
DICOTYLEDONS BURSERACEAE Commiphora

Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1 m. Alt up to 1750 spinulifera Salm-Dyck

m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 3 m. Alt 500–1650
dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. = O. stricta m. M, KZN, EC
exaltata A.Berger stricta Haw.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 4–5 m. Alt up to 2000 O. dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw. (2)
m. NW, G, FS, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt up
to 1500 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC,
ficus-indica (L.) Mill.
WC, EC
Perennial. Tree, shrub, succulent. Ht 2–5 m. Alt up to
2250 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, vulgaris Mill.
EC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 4–5 m. Alt up to 1650
imbricata (Haw.) DC. m. G, M, KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 3 m. Alt 100–1900
m. LIM, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC *PERESKIA Mill. 5421000
(1) Obermeyer. 1976. FSA 22: 156.
leptocaulis DC. (2) Hunt & Leuenberger. 1989. European garden flora 3: 210, 211.
Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 250–500
m. LIM, WC. aculeata Mill.
Perennial. Shrub, climber, succulent. Ht 3–15.24 m.
lindheimeri Engelm. Alt up to 2000 m. LIM, G, M, KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 300–1200
m. EC RHIPSALIS Gaertn. 5416000
microdasys (Lehm.) Pfeiff. (1) Obermeyer. 1976. FSA 22: 147, 148.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt (2) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs
300–1500 m. G, WC, EC d’Afrique tropicale 1: 139, 140.
(3) Barthlott & Taylor. 1995. Bradleya 13: 43–79.
robusta H.L.Wendl. in Pfeiff.
Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht ± 5 m. Alt up to 2000 baccifera (J.Mill.) Stearn subsp. mauritiana (DC.)
m. LIM, NW, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC Barthlott
rosea DC. Perennial. Epiphyte, succulent, lithophyte. Ht 0.5–3 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–0.8 m. Alt Alt up to 1750 m. M, S, KZN, EC
1050–1500 m. NW, G, FS, NC
TRICHOCEREUS (A.Berger) 5406001
salmiana Parm. in Pfeiff. Riccob.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 2 m. Alt 1250–1500
m. NW. spachianus (Lem.) Riccob. = Echinopsis spachiana
CALLITRICHACEAE
Compiled by R.H. Archer & R.P. Glen
CALLITRICHE L. 4530000 Annual. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht ± 0.07 m. Alt 20–765

(1) Brown. 1912. Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information, Kew 1912: m. WC, EC
276. compressa N.E.Br.
(2) Marloth. 1925. The Flora of South Africa 2, 2: 141.
Annual. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 50–1250
bolusii Schönland & Pax ex Marloth m. KZN
CAMPANULACEAE
Compiled by W.G. Welman & C.N. Cupido
CAMPANULA L. 8644000 fasciculata L.f. = Wahlenbergia desmantha

adpressa Thunb. = Wahlenbergia adpressa hispidula Thunb. = Wahlenbergia hispidula
capensis L. = Wahlenbergia capensis linearis L.f. = Microcodon lineare
capillacea L.f. = Wahlenbergia capillacea subsp. paniculata Thunb. = Wahlenbergia paniculata
capillacea procumbens Thunb. = Wahlenbergia procumbens
cernua Thunb. = Wahlenbergia cernua sessiliflora L.f. = Wahlenbergia subulata var. subulata
cinerea L.f. = Wahlenbergia cinerea tenella L.f. = Wahlenbergia tenella var. tenella
denticulata Burch. = Wahlenbergia denticulata var. undulata L.f. = Wahlenbergia undulata
denticulata unidentata L.f. = Wahlenbergia unidentata
CACTACEAE *Opuntia DICOTYLEDONS

CEPHALOSTIGMA A.DC. 8669000 ciliata (Thunb.) Sond. var. ciliata = Wahlenbergia uiten-
hagensis var. uitenhagensis
hirsutum Edgew. = Wahlenbergia hirsuta
ciliata (Thunb.) Sond. var. debilis Sond. = Wahlenbergia
pyramidale Schinz = Wahlenbergia ramosissima uitenhagensis var. debilis
subsp. lateralis
cinerea (L.f.) Sond. = Wahlenbergia cinerea
CERVICINA Delile 8668020 cordata Adamson = Wahlenbergia cordata
campanuloides Delile = Wahlenbergia campanuloides denticulata (Burch.) Sond. var. denticulata = Wahlen-
bergia denticulata var. denticulata
CRATEROCAPSA Hilliard & 8668010 denticulata (Burch.) Sond. var. transvaalensis Adamson
B.L.Burtt = Wahlenbergia denticulata var. transvaalensis
dieterlenii E.Phillips = Wahlenbergia dieterlenii
congesta Hilliard & B.L.Burtt diffusa H.Buek var. diffusa = Wahlenbergia tenella var.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.08 m. Alt 1400–3475 m. tenella
KZN, L, EC diffusa H.Buek var. palustris Adamson = Wahlenbergia
insizwae (Zahlbr.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt tenella var. palustris
Roella insizwae Zahlbr. (1) diffusa H.Buek var. stokoei Adamson = Wahlenbergia
Wahlenbergia ovalis Brehmer (1) tenella var. stokoei
dinteri Engl. ex Dinter = Wahlenbergia denticulata
KZN
var. denticulata
montana (A.DC.) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Wahlenbergia basutica E.Phillips (1) divaricata H.Buek var. debilis (Sond.) Adamson = Wahlen-
Wahlenbergia montana A.DC. var. montana (1) bergia uitenhagensis var. debilis
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 1220–1850 m. divaricata H.Buek var. divaricata = Wahlenbergia
FS, L, EC uitenhagensis var. uitenhagensis
tarsodes Hilliard & B.L.Burtt divaricata H.Buek var. filifolia Adamson = Wahlen-
Wahlenbergia montana A.DC. var. angustisepala Brehmer (1) bergia uitenhagensis var. filifolia
Wahlenbergia montana A.DC. var. glabrata Sond. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.05 m. Alt 1200–2440 m. effusa Adamson = Wahlenbergia effusa
LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, EC erecta R.D.Good in part = Wahlenbergia longifolia var.
corymbosa
GUNILLAEA Thulin 8663020 erecta R.D.Good in part = Wahlenbergia longifolia var.
(1) Thulin. 1974. Botaniska Notiser 127: 165–182.
longifolia
rhodesica (Adamson) Thulin fasciculata (L.f.) A.DC. = Wahlenbergia desmantha
Prismatocarpus rhodesicus Adamson (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 900–1000 m. N, B fruticosa Druce = Wahlenbergia subulata var. subulata
glomerata Engl. = Wahlenbergia napiformis
LEPTOCODON Sond. 8665010
huttonii Sond. = Wahlenbergia huttonii
longebracteatum (H.Buek ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. = intricata Dinter & Markgr. = Wahlenbergia denticulata
Treichelia longebracteata var. denticulata
juncea (H.Buek) Sond. = Wahlenbergia juncea
LIGHTFOOTIA L’Hér. 8670000
laricina H.Buek in part = Wahlenbergia albens
abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. = Wahlenbergia
laricina H.Buek in part = Wahlenbergia uitenhagensis
abyssinica subsp. abyssinica
var. filifolia
adpressa (Thunb.) A.DC. = Wahlenbergia adpressa
laxiflora Sond. = Wahlenbergia laxiflora
albanensis Sond. = Wahlenbergia cinerea
longifolia A.DC. var. corymbosa Adamson = Wahlen-
albens Spreng. ex A.DC. = Wahlenbergia albens bergia longifolia var. corymbosa
albicaulis Sond. = Wahlenbergia albicaulis longifolia A.DC. var. longifolia = Wahlenbergia longi-
angustifolia A.DC. = Wahlenbergia rubens var. rubens folia var. longifolia
anomala A.DC. = Wahlenbergia thunbergiana longifolia A.DC. var. oppositifolia Sond. = Wahlen-
asparagoides Adamson = Wahlenbergia asparagoides bergia longifolia var. corymbosa
axillaris Sond. = Wahlenbergia axillaris lycopodioides A.DC. = Wahlenbergia unidentata
brachiata Adamson = Wahlenbergia brachiata macrostachys A.DC. = Wahlenbergia macrostachys
brachyphylla Adamson = Wahlenbergia brachyphylla marginata A.DC. = Wahlenbergia napiformis
buekii Sond. = Wahlenbergia uitenhagensis var. filifolia microphylla Adamson = Wahlenbergia microphylla
calcarea Adamson = Wahlenbergia calcarea multicaulis Adamson = Wahlenbergia adamsonii
caledonica Sond. = Wahlenbergia dieterlenii multiflora Adamson = Wahlenbergia polyantha
capillaris H.Buek = Wahlenbergia thulinii namaquana Sond. = Wahlenbergia sonderi
DICOTYLEDONS CAMPANULACEAE Campanula

napiformis A.DC. = Wahlenbergia napiformis Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 300–
nodosa H.Buek = Wahlenbergia nodosa 610 m. WC
oppositifolia A.DC. = Wahlenbergia thulinii brevifolia A.DC. var. leptoloba (A.DC.) Sond. = M. lep-
toloba
oxycoccoides L’Hér. = Wahlenbergia parvifolia
eckloniana H.Buek ex Eckl. & Zeyh.
paniculata Sond. = Wahlenbergia magaliesbergensis M. tenuifolia (L.f.) A.DC. var. eckloniana (H.Buek ex Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Sond. (1)
parvifolia (P.J.Bergius) Adamson = Wahlenbergia parvi-
folia Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 450–
1500 m. WC
pauciflora Adamson = Wahlenbergia oligantha
heteromorpha H.Buek ex Eckl. & Zeyh. = Carpacoce
planifolia Adamson = Wahlenbergia riversdalensis heteromorpha
rigida Adamson = Wahlenbergia neorigida leptoloba A.DC.
rubens H.Buek var. brachyphylla Adamson = Wahlen- M. brevifolia A.DC. var. leptoloba (A.DC.) Sond. (1)
bergia rubens var. brachyphylla Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 50–
400 m. WC
rubens H.Buek var. rubens = Wahlenbergia rubens var.
rubens tenuifolia (L.f.) A.DC. var. azurea (Schltr.) Adamson
M. azurea Schltr. (1)
rubioides Banks ex A.DC. var. rubioides = Wahlen- Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 100–
bergia rubioides var. rubioides 650 m. WC
rubioides Banks ex A.DC. var. stokoei Adamson = Wahlen- tenuifolia (L.f.) A.DC. var. eckloniana (H.Buek ex Eckl.
bergia rubioides var. stokoei & Zeyh.) Sond. = M. eckloniana
sessiliflora (L.f.) Sond. = Wahlenbergia subulata var. tenuifolia (L.f.) A.DC. var. tenuifolia
subulata Trachelium tenuifolium L.f. (1)
spicata H.Buek = Wahlenbergia macrostachys Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 110–
600 m. WC
squarrosa Adamson = Wahlenbergia levynsiae
tetraloba C.N.Cupido
stricta Adamson = Wahlenbergia neostricta Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 30–
subulata L’Hér. var. congesta Adamson = 350 m. WC
Wahlenbergia subulata var. congesta vaginata Adamson = Carpacoce heteromorpha
subulata L’Hér. var. subulata = Wahlenbergia subulata
var. subulata MICROCODON A.DC. 8677000
subulata L’Hér. var. tenuifolia Adamson = Wahlen- (1) Sonder. 1865. FC 3: 564–566.
bergia subulata var. tenuifolia glomeratum A.DC.
tenella (L.f.) A.DC., not of Lodd. = Wahlenbergia tenella Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 20–400 m. WC
var. tenella hispidulum (Thunb.) Sond. = Wahlenbergia hispidula
tenella (L.f.) A.DC., not of Lodd. var. fasciculata (L.f.) lineare (L.f.) H.Buek
Sond. = Wahlenbergia desmantha Campanula linearis L.f. (1)
tenella (L.f.) A.DC., not of Lodd. var. microphylla Sond. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 15–500 m. WC
= Wahlenbergia nodosa longebracteatum H.Buek ex Eckl. & Zeyh. = Treichelia
tenella (L.f.) A.DC., not of Lodd. var. tenerrima (H.Buek) longebracteata
Sond. = Wahlenbergia tenerrima var. tenerrima sparsiflorum A.DC.
tenella Lodd. var. montana Adamson = Wahlenbergia Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 300–770 m. WC
tenerrima var. montana NAMACODON Thulin 8663010
tenella Lodd. var. tenella = Wahlenbergia tenerrima var. (1) Thulin. 1974. Botaniska Notiser 127: 165–182.
tenerrima
schinzianum (Markgr.) Thulin
tenerrima H.Buek = Wahlenbergia tenerrima var. tener- Prismatocarpus schinzianus Markgr. (1)
rima Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 1400–
tenuis Adamson = Wahlenbergia pyrophila 2290 m. N
thunbergiana H.Buek = Wahlenbergia thunbergiana PRISMATOCARPUS L’Hér. 8663000
uitenhagensis H.Buek = Wahlenbergia uitenhagensis (1) Adamson. 1951. Journal of South African Botany 17: 93–166.
var. uitenhagensis (2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 393, 394.
umbellata Adamson = Wahlenbergia umbellata acerosus Schinz = P. sessilis var. sessilis
unidentata (L.f.) A.DC. = Wahlenbergia unidentata alpinus (Bond) Adamson
Roella alpina Bond (1)
MERCIERA A.DC. 8661000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 1600–
(1) Adamson. 1954. Journal of South African Botany 20: 157–163. 2135 m. WC
(2) Cupido. 2002. Bothalia 32: 74–76. altiflorus L’Hér.
azurea Schltr. = M. tenuifolia var. azurea Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? WC
brevifolia A.DC. brevilobus A.DC.
CAMPANULACEAE Lightfootia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 245– Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 1065–
1830 m. WC 1400 m. WC
burchellii Vatke = P. tenerrimus nitidus L’Hér. var. nitidus
P. hookeri Sweet (1)
campanuloides (L.f.) Sond. var. campanuloides
Polemonium campanuloides L.f. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 460–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 15– 1370 m. WC
1100 m. WC, EC nitidus L’Hér. var. ovatus Adamson = P. debilis var.
campanuloides (L.f.) Sond. var. dentatus Adamson debilis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.75 m. Alt? WC pauciflorus Adamson
candolleanus Cham. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 1000–
1000 m. WC pedunculatus (P.J.Bergius) A.DC.
P. roelloides (L.f.) Sond. (1)
cliffortioides Adamson Roella pedunculata P.J.Bergius (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt ?–260 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 15–
m. WC 1525 m. WC
cordifolius Adamson pilosus Adamson
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 500– Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC
670 m. WC rhodesicus Adamson = Gunillaea rhodesica
crispus L’Hér. roelloides (L.f.) Sond. = P. pedunculatus
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 50–335 m. NC, WC,
rogersii Fourc.
EC
debilis Adamson var. debilis 835 m. WC
P. nitidus L’Hér. var. ovatus Adamson (2)
schinzianus Markgr. = Namacodon schinzianum
1690 m. WC schlechteri Adamson
debilis Adamson var. elongatus Adamson 1200 m. WC
915 m. WC sessilis Eckl. ex A.DC. var. macrocarpus Adamson
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–100
decurrens Adamson m. WC
2000 m. WC sessilis Eckl. ex A.DC. var. sessilis
P. acerosus Schinz (1)
diffusus (L.f.) A.DC. Wahlenbergia filicaulis R.D.Good (1)
Trachelium diffusum L.f. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 5–395
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 60– m. WC
1400 m. WC
spinosus Adamson
fastigiatus C.Presl ex A.DC. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ?–300
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? WC m. WC
fruticosus L’Hér. subulatus (Thunb.) A.DC. var. pauciflorus Sond. = P.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 60– lycopodioides var. lycopodioides
1675 m. WC tenellus Oliv.
hildebrandtii Vatke Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 1220–
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? WC 1370 m. WC
hispidus Adamson tenerrimus H.Buek
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 670– P. burchellii Vatke (1)
1000 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 305–
hookeri Sweet = P. nitidus var. nitidus 1525 m. WC
implicatus Adamson virgatus Fourc.
1065 m. WC 1000 m. WC
junceus H.Buek = Wahlenbergia juncea RHIGIOPHYLLUM Hochst. 8664000
lasiophyllus Adamson (1) Sonder. 1865. FC 3: 597.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt? WC (2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 395.
lycioides Adamson squarrosum Hochst.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 245–
lycopodioides A.DC. var. hispidus Adamson 305 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt ?–
915 m. WC ROELLA L. 8662000
(1) Adamson. 1951. Journal of South African Botany 17: 93–166.
lycopodioides A.DC. var. lycopodioides (2) Dyer. 1951. The Flowering Plants of Africa 28: t. 1116.
P. subulatus (Thunb.) A.DC. var. pauciflorus Sond. (1) (3) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 395, 396.
DICOTYLEDONS CAMPANULACEAE Prismatocarpus

alpina Bond = Prismatocarpus alpinus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 25–?
amplexicaulis Wolley-Dod m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? WC leptosepala Sond. = R. dregeana var. dregeana
arenaria Schltr. lightfootioides Schltr. = R. spicata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 35– maculata Adamson
435 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt ?–
bryoides H.Buek 470 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt 90– muscosa L.f.
460 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 790–1000 m. WC
ciliata L. (2) nitida Schltr. = R. dregeana var. nitida
R. ciliata L. var. linnaeana Sond. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 30– pedunculata P.J.Bergius = Prismatocarpus peduncula-
610 m. WC tus
ciliata L. var. incurva (A.DC.) Sond. = R. incurva prostrata E.Mey. ex A.DC.
R. incurva A.DC. var. rigida Adamson (3)
ciliata L. var. linnaeana Sond. = R. ciliata R. reticulata A.DC. var. reticulata (1)
ciliata L. var. triflora R.D.Good = R. triflora Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 20–
compacta Schltr. 915 m. WC
R. cuspidata Adamson var. cuspidata (3) psammophila Schltr. = R. dregeana var. dregeana
R. cuspidata Adamson var. hispida Adamson (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt recurvata A.DC.
15–200 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt ?–
cuspidata Adamson var. cuspidata = R. compacta 100 m. WC
cuspidata Adamson var. hispida Adamson = R. com- reticulata A.DC. var. dunantii (A.DC.) Sond. = R.
pacta dunantii
decurrens L’Hér. reticulata A.DC. var. reticulata = R. prostrata
R. glabra Poir. (1) rhodantha Adamson = R. incurva
Annual/Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m.
secunda H.Buek
Alt ?–915 m. WC
dregeana A.DC. var. dregeana 635 m. WC, EC
R. leptosepala Sond. (1)
R. psammophila Schltr. (3) spicata L.f. var. burchellii Adamson
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 670– Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? WC
1170 m. WC spicata L.f. var. spicata
dregeana A.DC. var. nitida (Schltr.) Adamson R. eckloniana H.Buek (1)
R. nitida Schltr. (1) R. lightfootioides Schltr. (3)
1000 m. WC 1280 m. WC, EC
dunantii A.DC. squarrosa P.J.Bergius
R. reticulata A.DC. var. dunantii (A.DC.) Sond. (1) R. filiformis Lam. (1)
1500 m. WC 915 m. WC
eckloniana H.Buek = R. spicata var. spicata triflora (R.D.Good) Adamson
R. ciliata L. var. triflora R.D.Good (1)
ericoides R.D.Good = R. goodiana Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 120–
filiformis Lam. = R. squarrosa 885 m. WC
glabra Poir. = R. decurrens
SIPHOCODON Turcz. 8667000
glomerata A.DC. (1) Sonder. 1865. FC 3: 596, 597.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 10–170 m. (2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 396.
KZN, EC debilis Schltr.
goodiana Adamson Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 45–
R. ericoides R.D.Good (1) 1065 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt ?–
235 m. WC spartioides Turcz.
incurva A.DC. 1000 m. WC
R. ciliata L. var. incurva (A.DC.) Sond. (1)
R. rhodantha Adamson (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 45– THEILERA E.Phillips 8677010
1525 m. WC (1) Phillips. 1927. Bothalia 2: 369.
incurva A.DC. var. rigida Adamson = R. prostrata guthriei (L.Bolus) E.Phillips

Wahlenbergia guthriei L.Bolus (1)
insizwae Zahlbr. = Craterocapsa insizwae Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 365–1870
latiloba A.DC. m. WC
CAMPANULACEAE Roella DICOTYLEDONS

TRACHELIUM L. 8653000 annularis A.DC.

diffusum L.f. = Prismatocarpus diffusus Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 30–1310 m. N, NC,
WC
tenuifolium L.f. = Merciera tenuifolia var. tenuifolia
annuliformis Brehmer
TREICHELIA Vatke 8665000 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt? WC
(1) Adamson. 1950. Flora of the Cape Peninsula: 745. appressifolia Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
longebracteata (H.Buek ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Vatke Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 1570–2670 m.
Leptocodon longebracteatum (H.Buek ex Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. (1) KZN, L
Microcodon longebracteatum H.Buek ex Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Wahlenbergia depressa Wolley-Dod (1)
arenaria A.DC. = W. androsacea
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 85–? m. WC asparagoides (Adamson) Lammers
Lightfootia asparagoides Adamson (12)
WAHLENBERGIA Schrad. ex Roth 8668000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 10–45 m. NC, WC
(1) Sonder. 1865. FC 3: 530–604. asperifolia Brehmer
(2) Von Brehmer. 1915. Botanische Jahrbücher 53: 9–143. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? WC
(3) Dyer. 1934. Kew Bulletin 1934: 265.
(4) Adamson. 1955. Journal of South African Botany 21: 156–211. axillaris (Sond.) Lammers
(5) Roessler. 1966. FSWA 136: 4–9. Lightfootia axillaris Sond. (12)
(6) Hilliard & Burtt. 1971. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 20–670 m.
Edinburgh 31: 2. WC
(7) Thulin. 1975. Symbolae Botanicae Upsaliensis 21: 1–223.
(8) Thulin. 1978. Botaniska Notiser 131: 67–70. banksiana A.DC.
(9) Hilliard & Burtt. 1979. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden W. foliosa Brehmer (7)
Edinburgh 37: 293. W. gracillima S.Moore (7)
(10) Hilliard & Burtt. 1986. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden W. multiflora Conrath (7)
Edinburgh 43: 195–198, 350–352. W. okavangensis N.E.Br. (7)
(11) Thulin. 1987. Nordic Journal of Botany 7: 261, 262. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 1030–1555 m. N,
(12) Lammers. 1995. Taxon 44: 333–339. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
(13) Welman. 1996. Bothalia 26: 157.
(14) Welman. 1997. Bothalia 27: 140. basutica E.Phillips = Craterocapsa montana
(15) Lammers. 1998. Novon 8: 31–35. bolusiana Schltr. & Brehmer
(16) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 396–401, 707, 708. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt ?–225 m. WC
(17) Lammers. 2001. Novon 11: 67, 68.
bowkerae Sond.
abyssinica (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Thulin subsp. abyssinica Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? EC
Lightfootia abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. (7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 30–150 m. KZN brachiata (Adamson) Lammers
Lightfootia brachiata Adamson (12)
acaulis E.Mey. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt ?–2000 m. LIM
brachycarpa Schltr.
acicularis Brehmer Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 120–560 m. WC
KZN brachyphylla (Adamson) Lammers
Lightfootia brachyphylla Adamson (12)
acuminata Brehmer Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 670–1500 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt ?–1920 m. WC WC
adamsonii Lammers brehmeri Lammers
Lightfootia multicaulis Adamson (12)
W. rotundifolia Lammers (15)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.08 m. Alt ?–1700 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ?–600 m. WC
adpressa (Thunb.) Sond. brevisquamifolia Brehmer
Campanula adpressa Thunb. (4)
Lightfootia adpressa (Thunb.) A.DC. (16) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt? M
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 15–35 m. WC buseriana Schltr. & Brehmer
albens (Spreng. ex A.DC.) Lammers Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ?–275 m. NC
Lightfootia albens Spreng. ex A.DC. (12) calcarea (Adamson) Lammers
Lightfootia laricina H.Buek in part (4) Lightfootia calcarea Adamson (12)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 305–1950 m. Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 2–200 m. WC
FS, L, NC, WC, EC caledonica Sond. = W. undulata
albicaulis (Sond.) Lammers campanuloides (Delile) Vatke
Lightfootia albicaulis Sond. (12) Cervicina campanuloides Delile (7)
Lobelia cinerea Thunb. (12) W. humifusa Markgr. (7)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt ?–1125 m. NC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt? N, NC
androsacea A.DC. capensis (L.) A.DC.
W. arenaria A.DC. (7) Campanula capensis L. (2)
W. glandulosa Brehmer (16)
W. inhambanensis Klotzsch (7) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 10–700 m. NC, WC
W. nudicaulis A.DC. (54) capillacea (L.f.) A.DC. subsp. capillacea
W. perennis Brehmer (57) Campanula capillacea L.f. (7)
W. rosulata Brehmer (57) W. pinnata Compton var. simplicifolia Compton (7)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 20–2500 m. N, B, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 60–2135 m. M, S,
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
DICOTYLEDONS CAMPANULACEAE Trachelium

capillaris (H.Buek) Lammers = W. thulinii Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 370–1555 m.

capillata Brehmer LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 1900–2435 m. FS, dentifera Brehmer = W. cuspidata
KZN
denudata A.DC.
capillifolia E.Mey. ex Brehmer Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 830–2150 m. KZN,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ?–830 m. EC EC
cernua (Thunb.) A.DC. depressa J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
Campanula cernua Thunb. (2)
W. ciliolata A.DC. (16) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 1500–2000 m. G,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt 100–2000 m. WC FS, L
ciliolata A.DC. = W. cernua depressa Wolley-Dod = Treichelia longebracteata
cinerea (L.f.) Lammers desmantha Lammers
Campanula cinerea L.f. (12) Campanula fasciculata L.f. (12)
Lightfootia albanensis Sond. (4) Lightfootia fasciculata (L.f.) A.DC. (12)
Lightfootia cinerea (L.f.) Sond. (12) Lightfootia tenella (L.f.) A.DC., not of Lodd. var. fasciculata (L.f.)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 150–400 m. Sond. (12)
WC, EC Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 185–485 m. WC
clavata Brehmer dichotoma A.DC.
W. parviflora A.DC. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt ?–830 m. EC
clavatula Brehmer
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt? WC dieterlenii (E.Phillips) Lammers
Lightfootia caledonica Sond. (12)
claviculata E.Mey. = W. exilis Lightfootia dieterlenii E.Phillips (12)
compacta Brehmer Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1675–2000 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.35 m. Alt? WC NW, G, FS, L
congestifolia Brehmer dilatata Brehmer
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt 600–1150 m. KZN, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.07 m. Alt ?–700 m. EC
L, EC dinteri Brehmer = W. undulata
constricta Brehmer distincta Brehmer
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 70–? m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ?–150 m. WC
cooperi Brehmer divergens A.DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.08 m. Alt? L, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 365–1135 m. NC
cordata (Adamson) Lammers doleritica Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Lightfootia cordata Adamson (12)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.15 m. Alt ?–2735 m. KZN
Perennial. Shrublet, herb. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 1830–
2135 m. WC dregeana A.DC. = W. ecklonii
costata A.DC. dunantii A.DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 270–1125 m. NC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? WC
cuspidata Brehmer ecklonii H.Buek
W. dentifera Brehmer (10) W. dregeana A.DC. (2)
W. furcata Brehmer (10) W. macra Schltr. & Brehmer (16)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1220–2670 m. W. swellendamensis H.Buek (16)
W. turbinata A.DC. (2)
KZN, EC
debilis H.Buek WC, EC
effusa (Adamson) Lammers
decipiens A.DC. Lightfootia effusa Adamson (12)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 15–330 m. WC Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC
densicaulis Brehmer
W. sabulosa Brehmer (5) epacridea Sond.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt ?–1100 m. N Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 1370–2200 m. M,
S, KZN
dentata Brehmer
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 835–1472 m. EC erophiloides Markgr.
W. pavida Launert (5)
denticulata (Burch.) A.DC. var. denticulata Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.15 m. Alt? N
Campanula denticulata Burch. (7)
Lightfootia denticulata (Burch.) Sond. var. denticulata (7) exilis A.DC.
Lightfootia dinteri Engl. ex Dinter (7) W. claviculata E.Mey. (2)
Lightfootia intricata Dinter & Markgr. (5) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 30–765 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 505–1950 m. N, fasciculata Brehmer
B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 1385–2500 m.
denticulata (Burch.) A.DC. var. transvaalensis (Adam- FS, KZN, L, EC
son) W.G.Welman
Lightfootia denticulata (Burch.) Sond. var. transvaalensis Adamson filicaulis R.D.Good = Prismatocarpus sessilis var. ses-
(13) silis
CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia DICOTYLEDONS

filipes Brehmer Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.25–0.35 m. Alt ?–200 m. WC

Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt ?–800 m. NC littoralis Schltr. & Brehmer = W. orae
fistulosa Brehmer lobata Brehmer
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt? KZN Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? WC
floribunda Schltr. & Brehmer lobulata Brehmer
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt ?–530 m. NC W. galpinii E.Phillips (9)
W. monotropa Killick (9)
foliosa Brehmer = W. banksiana
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 2275–3240 m.
fruticosa Brehmer KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ?–500
m. WC longifolia (A.DC.) Lammers var. corymbosa (Adam-
son) W.G.Welman
furcata Brehmer = W. cuspidata Lightfootia erecta R.D.Good in part (4)
galpiniae Schltr. Lightfootia longifolia A.DC. var. corymbosa Adamson (13)
Lightfootia longifolia A.DC. var. oppositifolia Sond. (4)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC
galpinii E.Phillips = W. lobulata
longifolia (A.DC.) Lammers var. longifolia
glandulifera Brehmer Lightfootia erecta R.D.Good in part (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt ?–700 m. KZN Lightfootia longifolia A.DC. var. longifolia (12)
glandulosa Brehmer = W. androsacea Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 30–230 m.
WC
gracilis E.Mey.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 35–800 m. WC longisepala Brehmer
gracillima S.Moore = W. banksiana
longisquamifolia Brehmer
grandiflora Brehmer Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? EC
KZN, EC lycopodioides Schltr. & Brehmer
guthriei L.Bolus = Theilera guthriei LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
hirsuta (Edgew.) Tuyn macra Schltr. & Brehmer = W. ecklonii
Cephalostigma hirsutum Edgew. (7)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.3 m. Alt? N macrostachys (A.DC.) Lammers
Lightfootia macrostachys A.DC. (12)
hispidula (Thunb.) A.DC. Lightfootia spicata H.Buek (12)
Campanula hispidula Thunb. (2) Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 870–1670 m.
Microcodon hispidulum (Thunb.) Sond. (16) WC
maculata Brehmer
humifusa Markgr. = W. campanuloides Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 30–2000 m. WC
huttonii (Sond.) Thulin madagascariensis A.DC.
Lightfootia huttonii Sond. (7) W. oppositifolia DC. (7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 30–2285 m. LIM, Annual. Herb. Length 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 10–1830 m.
M, S, KZN, EC LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
ingrata A.DC. magaliesbergensis Lammers
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 400–530 m. NC Lightfootia paniculata Sond. (12)
inhambanensis Klotzsch = W. androsacea Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1220–2195 m.
intricatissima Dinter ex Range = W. patula LIM, NW, G, M
juncea (H.Buek) Lammers massonii A.DC.
Lightfootia juncea (H.Buek) Sond. (12) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC
Prismatocarpus junceus H.Buek (12) meyeri A.DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 700–1830 m. EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 630–750 m. NC,
kowiensis R.A.Dyer WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 35–200 m. EC microphylla (Adamson) Lammers
krebsii Cham. subsp. krebsii Lightfootia microphylla Adamson (12)
W. zeyheri H.Buek (7) Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 100–3200 m. LIM, minuta Brehmer
M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? NC, WC
lasiocarpa Schltr. & Brehmer mollis Brehmer
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–530 m. NC Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ?–500
lateralis Brehmer = W. ramosissima subsp. lateralis m. WC
laxiflora (Sond.) Lammers monotropa Killick = W. lobulata
Lightfootia laxiflora Sond. (12) montana A.DC. var. angustisepala Brehmer = Cratero-
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt ?–1535 m. EC capsa tarsodes
levynsiae Lammers montana A.DC. var. glabrata Sond. = Craterocapsa
Lightfootia squarrosa Adamson (12) tarsodes
DICOTYLEDONS CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia

montana A.DC. var. montana = Craterocapsa mon- paucidentata Schinz

tana Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1045–2400 m.
multiflora Conrath = W. banksiana KZN, L, EC
namaquana Sond. pauciflora A.DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt? NC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ?–1175 m. NC
nana Brehmer pavida Launert = W. erophiloides
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt ?–1400 m. N, FS perennis Brehmer = W. androsacea
napiformis (A.DC.) Thulin pilosa A.DC. = W. polyclada
Lightfootia glomerata Engl. (7)
Lightfootia marginata A.DC. (7) pilosa H.Buek
Lightfootia napiformis A.DC. (7) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 100–500 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt ?–1000 m. N, B pinifolia N.E.Br.
neorigida Lammers Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 1600–2000 m.
Lightfootia rigida Adamson (12) KZN
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 130–1675 m. pinnata Compton
WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1065–1525 m. S,
neostricta Lammers KZN
Lightfootia stricta Adamson (12)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt? WC pinnata Compton var. simplicifolia Compton = W. capil-
lacea subsp. capillacea
nodosa (H.Buek) Lammers
Lightfootia nodosa H.Buek (12) polyantha Lammers
Lightfootia tenella (L.f.) A.DC., not of Lodd. var. microphylla Sond. Lightfootia multiflora Adamson (12)
(12) Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 45–335 m. WC
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 40–1830 m. polychotoma Brehmer = W. undulata
FS, NC, WC, EC polyclada A.DC.
nudicaulis A.DC. = W. androsacea W. pilosa A.DC. (2)
obovata Brehmer Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt? WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 15–870 m. WC polytrichifolia Schltr. subsp. dracomontana Hilliard &
okavangensis N.E.Br. = W. banksiana B.L.Burtt
oligantha Lammers Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.12 m. Alt 2300–3665 m.
Lightfootia pauciflora Adamson (12) KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 160–? m. WC polytrichifolia Schltr. subsp. polytrichifolia
oligotricha Schltr. & Brehmer Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.12 m. Alt ?–2200 m. EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ?–870 m. NC, WC procumbens (Thunb.) A.DC.
oocarpa Sond. Campanula procumbens Thunb. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt? EC Perennial. Herb. Length 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 5–1830 m.
WC, EC
oppositifolia DC. = W. madagascariensis
orae Lammers prostrata A.DC.
W. littoralis Schltr. & Brehmer (17) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 130–1100 m. N,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 35–70 m. EC NC
ovalis Brehmer = Craterocapsa insizwae psammophila Schltr.
oxyphylla A.DC. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 270–800 m. N, NC
W. steingroeveri Engl. (5) pseudoandrosacea Brehmer
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 170– Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? WC, EC
1600 m. N, NC, WC pseudoinhambanensis Brehmer
pallidiflora Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt ?–900 m. EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 1670–2170 m. pseudonudicaulis Brehmer
KZN Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ?–600 m. EC
paniculata (Thunb.) A.DC. pulvillus-gigantis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Campanula paniculata Thunb. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 20–1500 m. NW, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 2180–2920 m.
G, FS, L, NC, WC KZN, L
parviflora A.DC. = W. dichotoma pyrophila Lammers
Lightfootia tenuis Adamson (12)
parvifolia (P.J.Bergius) Lammers Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC
Lightfootia oxycoccoides L’Hér. (4)
Lightfootia parvifolia (P.J.Bergius) Adamson (12) ramifera Brehmer
Lobelia parvifolia P.J.Bergius (4) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 60–1675 m. ramosissima (Hemsl.) Thulin subsp. lateralis (Brehmer)
WC Thulin
patula A.DC. Cephalostigma pyramidale Schinz (7)
W. intricatissima Dinter ex Range (5) W. lateralis Brehmer (7)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 80–1300 m. N, NC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 835–1100 m. N, B

ramulosa E.Mey. squarrosa Brehmer

Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 300–435 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt ?–800 m. NC
rara Schltr. & Brehmer steingroeveri Engl. = W. oxyphylla
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt ?–275 m. NC stellarioides Cham. & Schltdl.
rhytidosperma Thulin Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 15–1670 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 1200–2150 m. subfusiformis Brehmer
LIM, M Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt? LIM
riversdalensis Lammers subnuda Conrath = W. virgata
Lightfootia planifolia Adamson (12)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 270–370 m. WC subpilosa Brehmer
rivularis Diels
W. tysonii Zahlbr. (2) subrosulata Brehmer
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 800–3050 m. M, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 130–1000 m. N, NC
FS, KZN, EC subtilis Brehmer
robusta Sond. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 200–1270 subulata (L’Hér.) Lammers var. congesta (Adamson)
m. WC, EC W.G.Welman
roelliflora Schltr. & Brehmer Lightfootia subulata L’Hér. var. congesta Adamson (13)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt ?–530 m. NC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt? WC
rosulata Brehmer = W. androsacea subulata (L’Hér.) Lammers var. subulata
Campanula sessiliflora L.f. (12)
rotundifolia Brehmer = W. brehmeri Lightfootia fruticosa Druce (4)
rubens (H.Buek) Lammers var. brachyphylla (Adam- Lightfootia sessiliflora (L.f.) Sond. (12)
son) W.G.Welman Lightfootia subulata L’Hér. var. subulata (12)
Lightfootia rubens H.Buek var. brachyphylla Adamson (13) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 25–610 m. WC
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ?–170 m. WC subulata (L’Hér.) Lammers var. tenuifolia (Adamson)
rubens (H.Buek) Lammers var. rubens W.G.Welman
Lightfootia angustifolia A.DC. (4) Lightfootia subulata L’Hér. var. tenuifolia Adamson (17)
Lightfootia rubens H.Buek var. rubens (12) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 500–1000 m. WC
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 45–1000 m. WC, subumbellata Markgr.
EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? N, NC
rubioides (Banks ex A.DC.) Lammers var. rubioides swellendamensis H.Buek = W. ecklonii
Lightfootia rubioides Banks ex A.DC. var. rubioides (12)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 10–1830 m. tenella (L.f.) Lammers var. palustris (Adamson)
WC W.G.Welman
Lightfootia diffusa H.Buek var. palustris Adamson (13)
rubioides (Banks ex A.DC.) Lammers var. stokoei Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt 100–530 m.
(Adamson) W.G.Welman WC
Lightfootia rubioides Banks ex A.DC. var. stokoei Adamson (13)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? WC tenella (L.f.) Lammers var. stokoei (Adamson)
W.G.Welman
sabulosa Brehmer = W. densicaulis Lightfootia diffusa H.Buek var. stokoei Adamson (13)
saxifragoides Brehmer Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 35–? m. WC tenella (L.f.) Lammers var. tenella
schistacea Brehmer Campanula tenella L.f. (12)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 650–700 m. WC Lightfootia diffusa H.Buek var. diffusa (12)
Lightfootia tenella (L.f.) A.DC., not of Lodd. (12)
schlechteri Brehmer Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt 15–1220 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt ?–650 m. NC WC, EC
scoparia Brehmer = W. undulata tenerrima (H.Buek) Lammers var. montana (Adam-
scopella Brehmer son) W.G.Welman
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC Lightfootia tenella Lodd. var. montana Adamson (13)
serpentina Brehmer Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ?–955 m. WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.35 m. Alt? WC tenerrima (H.Buek) Lammers var. tenerrima
Lightfootia tenella Lodd. var. tenella (12)
sessiliflora Brehmer Lightfootia tenella (L.f.) A.DC., not of Lodd. var. tenerrima
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt? WC (H.Buek) Sond. (12)
sonderi Lammers Lightfootia tenerrima H.Buek (12)
Lightfootia namaquana Sond. (12) Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 75–2000 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–270 m. NC, WC WC, EC
sphaerica Brehmer tenuis A.DC.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.07 m. Alt? B, NC
squamifolia Brehmer tetramera Thulin
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 910–2420 m. Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt
LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN 2100–2200 m. KZN
DICOTYLEDONS CAMPANULACEAE Wahlenbergia

thulinii Lammers Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 170–270 m. EC

Lightfootia capillaris H.Buek (17)
Lightfootia oppositifolia A.DC. (17) uitenhagensis (H.Buek) Lammers var. uitenhagensis
Lightfootia ciliata (Thunb.) Sond. var. ciliata (4)
W. capillaris (H.Buek) Lammers (17)
Lightfootia divaricata H.Buek var. divaricata (12)
Perennial. Shrublet, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1170– Lightfootia uitenhagensis H.Buek (12)
1335 m. WC Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 5–655 m. KZN?,
thunbergiana (H.Buek) Lammers WC, EC
Lightfootia anomala A.DC. (4)
Lightfootia thunbergiana H.Buek (12) umbellata (Adamson) Lammers
Lightfootia umbellata Adamson (12)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 245–1265 m. N, Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt ?–70 m. WC
NC, WC
undulata (L.f.) A.DC.
tomentosula Brehmer Campanula undulata L.f. (7)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ?–275 m. WC W. caledonica Sond. (7)
W. dinteri Brehmer (7)
tortilis Brehmer W. polychotoma Brehmer (16)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt ?–1700 m. M W. scoparia Brehmer (7)
transvaalensis Brehmer Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 5–3200 m. N, B,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.35 m. Alt? M LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
tumida Brehmer unidentata (L.f.) Lammers
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 130–700 m. NC, WC Campanula unidentata L.f. (12)
Lightfootia lycopodioides A.DC. (16)
turbinata A.DC. = W. ecklonii Lightfootia unidentata (L.f.) A.DC. (12)
tysonii Zahlbr. = W. rivularis Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 210–670 m.
WC, EC
uitenhagensis (H.Buek) Lammers var. debilis (Sond.)
W.G.Welman virgata Engl.
W. subnuda Conrath (2)
Lightfootia ciliata (Thunb.) Sond. var. debilis Sond. (4)
Lightfootia divaricata H.Buek var. debilis (Sond.) Adamson (14) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 425–2200 m. LIM,
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 10–90 m. WC, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
EC virgulta Brehmer
uitenhagensis (H.Buek) Lammers var. filifolia (Adam- Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 700–725 m. EC
son) W.G.Welman wyleyana Sond.
Lightfootia buekii Sond. (4) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? NC
Lightfootia divaricata H.Buek var. filifolia Adamson (13)
Lightfootia laricina H.Buek in part (4) zeyheri H.Buek = W. krebsii subsp. krebsii
CANELLACEAE
WARBURGIA Engl. 5256000 salutaris (Bertol.f.) Chiov.

(1) Codd. 1976. FSA 22: 40, 41. W. breyeri Pott (1)
(2) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2.5–10 m. Alt 5–1757 m.
tropicale 1: 46. LIM, M, KZN
breyeri Pott = W. salutaris
*C A N N A B A C E A E
*CANNABIS L. 1973000 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? M

(1) Henderson & Anderson. 1966. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey sativa L. var. sativa
of South Africa No. 37: 70, 71. Annual. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 10–2000 m. B, LIM, NW,
(2) Wilmot-Dear. 1991. FZ 9,6: 10–13.
(3) Wilmot-Dear. 1999. Bothalia 29: 249–252.
G, M, KZN, L, WC, EC
sativa L. var. indica (Lam.) Wehmer sativa L. var. spontanea Vavilov

CAPPARACEAE
BACHMANNIA Pax 3097000 Capparis clutiaefolia Burch. ex DC. (2)

(1) Killick. 1970. FSA 13: 142, 143. Capparis oleoides Burch. ex DC. (2)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 230–1220 m. EC
woodii (Oliv.) Gilg
Maerua woodii (Oliv.) T.Durand & Schinz (1) pechuellii Kuntze = B. albitrunca
Niebuhria woodii Oliv. (1) polyantha in sense of Roessler, misapplied name = B.
Perennial. Tree, shrub or climber. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 15– tomentosa
300 m. KZN, EC rautanenii Schinz = B. foetida subsp. foetida
rehmanniana Pestal. = B. foetida subsp. rehmanniana
BOSCIA Lam. 3106000 salicifolia Oliv.
(1) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 229–235.
(2) Tölken. 1970. FSA 13: 150–159. Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt? N, B
(3) Wild & Gonçalves. 1973. Flora de Moçambique 12: 44–52. tomentosa Tölken
(4) Lötter. 2002. In Schmidt et al., Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga B. polyantha in sense of Roessler, misapplied name (2)
and Kruger National Park: 118–132. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–6 m. Alt up to 500 m. N
albitrunca (Burch.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. transvaalensis Pestal. = B. albitrunca
B. pechuellii Kuntze (1)
B. transvaalensis Pestal. (2) welwitschii Gilg = B. mossambicensis
Capparis albitrunca Burch. (1)
Capparis oleoides in sense of Marloth, misapplied name (2) CADABA Forssk. 3109000
Capparis punctata Burch. (2) (1) Phillips. 1937. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 17: t. 656.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 5–1850 m. N, (2) Marsh. 1970. FSA 13: 171–175.
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC aphylla (Thunb.) Wild
angustifolia A.Rich. var. corymbosa (Gilg) DeWolf C. juncea (Sparrm.) Harv. ex Hook.f., illegitimate name (2)
B. corymbosa Gilg (2) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 20–1800 m. N,
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–8 m. Alt 520–1600 m. B, LIM B, LIM, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
angustifolia in sense of Harv., misapplied name = Maerua juncea (Sparrm.) Harv. ex Hook.f., illegitimate name =
gilgii C. aphylla
caffra Sond. = Maerua racemulosa natalensis Sond.
corymbosa Gilg = B. angustifolia var. corymbosa Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 12–1400 m.
filipes Gilg = B. foetida subsp. filipes LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
foetida Schinz subsp. filipes (Gilg) Lötter schroeppelii Suess. ex Suess. & Merxm.
B. flipes Gilg (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.6–3 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 50–300 m. LIM, S,
termitaria N.E.Br.
KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 275–1310 m. B,
foetida Schinz subsp. foetida LIM, NW, M
B. rautanenii Schinz (2)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–6 m. Alt 500–1370 m. CAPPARIS L. 3101000
N, NC (1) Tölken. 1970. FSA 13: 144–150.
foetida Schinz subsp. longipedicellata (Gilg) Tölken (2) Wild & Gonçalves. 1973. Flora de Moçambique 12: 53–62.
B. longipedicellata Gilg (2) albitrunca Burch. = Boscia albitrunca
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–4 m. Alt 365–1168 m. KZN
brassii DC.
foetida Schinz subsp. minima Tölken C. gueinzii Sond. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 847–1300 C. thonningii Schumach. (1)
m. B, LIM, NW, G Perennial. Climber or scrambler. Ht 0.3–5 m. Alt 15–460
foetida Schinz subsp. rehmanniana (Pestal.) Tölken m. KZN, EC
B. rehmanniana Pestal. (2) citrifolia Lam. = C. sepiaria var. citrifolia
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 800–1400 m. B, LIM, clutiaefolia Burch. ex DC. = Boscia oleoides
NW, G, M corymbifera E.Mey. ex Sond. = C. tomentosa
longipedicellata Gilg = B. foetida subsp. longipedicel- fascicularis DC. var. fascicularis
lata C. flanaganii Gilg & Gilg-Ben. (1)
matabelensis Pestal. C. rudatisii Gilg & Gilg-Ben. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt? B C. transvaalensis Schinz (1)
C. transvaalensis Schinz var. calvescens (Gilg & Gilg-Ben.) Marais
microphylla Oliv. (1)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.6–4 m. Alt? N Perennial. Climber or scrambler. Ht variable. Alt 5–
mossambicensis Klotzsch 1550 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
B. welwitschii Gilg (2) fascicularis DC. var. zeyheri (Turcz.) Tölken
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.6–5 m. Alt 305–1200 m. C. zeyheri Turcz. (1)
N, B, LIM, M Perennial. Climber or scrambler. Ht variable. Alt 30–
oleoides (Burch. ex DC.) Tölken 1100 m. KZN, EC
DICOTYLEDONS CAPPARACEAE Bachmannia

flanaganii Gilg & Gilg-Ben. = C. fascicularis var. fas- Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, NW,
cicularis M, S, KZN
gueinzii Sond. = C. brassii bicolor (Pax) Gilg = C. oxyphylla var. oxyphylla
hereroensis Schinz bororensis (Klotzsch) Oliv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 4–30 m. N Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 0–300 m. KZN
oleoides Burch. ex DC. = Boscia oleoides breyeri Burtt Davy = C. oxyphylla var. oxyphylla
oleoides in sense of Marloth, misapplied name = Boscia capensis L. = Heliophila subulata
albitrunca
carnosa (Pax) Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
punctata Burch. = Boscia albitrunca Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.25 m. Alt? N
rudatisii Gilg & Gilg-Ben. = C. fascicularis var. fasci-
confusa Dinter = C. elegantissima
cularis
sepiaria L. var. citrifolia (Lam.) Tölken conrathii Burtt Davy
C. citrifolia Lam. (1) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? NW, G, NC
C. volkamerae in sense of DC., misapplied name (1) diandra Burch. = C. angustifolia subsp. diandra
Perennial. Shrub, climber or scrambler. Ht variable. Alt
diandra in sense of many authors, not of Burch., misap-
5–1220 m. S, KZN, WC, EC
plied name = C. angustifolia subsp. petersiana
sepiaria L. var. subglabra (Oliv.) DeWolf
C. subglabra (Oliv.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. (1) elegantissima Briq.
C. confusa Dinter (2)
Perennial. Climber or scrambler. Ht 2–6 m. Alt C. hirta in sense of Gilg & Gilg-Ben. in part, misapplied name (2)
150–1435 m. LIM Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt? N, B
subglabra (Oliv.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. = C. sepiaria var.
foliosa Hook.f. var. foliosa
subglabra C. leuderitziana Schinz (2)
thonningii Schumach. = C. brassii Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt? N
tomentosa Lam. foliosa Hook.f. var. lutea (Sond.) Codd & Kers
C. corymbifera E.Mey. ex Sond. (1) C. xanthopetala Briq. (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub, climber or scrambler. Ht 1–15 Polanisia lutea Sond. (2)
m. Alt 15–1980 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? N, NC
transvaalensis Schinz = C. fascicularis var. fascicu- foliosa Hook.f. var. namibensis (Kers) Codd
laris Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? N
transvaalensis Schinz var. calvescens (Gilg & Gilg- gynandra L.
Ben.) Marais = C. fascicularis var. fascicularis Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. (2)
volkamerae in sense of DC., misapplied name = C. sepi- Gynandropsis pentaphylla (L.) Briq. (2)
aria var. citrifolia Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, NW, G,
M, KZN, FS, NC
zeyheri Turcz. = C. fascicularis var. zeyheri
*hassleriana Chodat
CLADOSTEMON A.Braun & 3099000 Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt? G, KZN
Vatke heterochoma Briq. = C. oxyphylla var. oxyphylla
(1) Killick. 1970. FSA 13: 140–142.
(2) Wild & Gonçalves. 1973. Flora de Moçambique 12: 18–20. hirta (Klotzsch) Oliv.
(3) Williams. 1993. The Flowering Plants of Africa 52: t. 2079. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.8 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, G, M, S
kirkii (Oliv.) Pax & Gilg hirta in sense of Gilg & Gilg-Ben. in part, misapplied
Euadenia kirkii Oliv. (1) name = C. elegantissima
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 15–245 m. S,
KZN iberidella Welw. ex Oliv.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? N, B
CLEOME L. 3082000 kalachariensis (Schinz) Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
(1) Story. 1961. The Flowering Plants of Africa 34: t. 1330. C. sulfurea Bremek. & Oberm. (2)
(2) Codd & Kers. 1970. FSA 13: 119–140. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.75 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, NW, NC
(3) Wild & Gonçalves. 1973. Flora de Moçambique 12: 2–14.
laburnifolia Roessler
angustifolia Forssk. subsp. diandra (Burch.) Kers Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt? N
C. angustifolia Forssk. subsp. diandra (Burch.) Kers var. namaquen-
sis Kers (2) leuderitziana Schinz = C. foliosa var. foliosa
C. diandra Burch. (2)
Dianthera burchelliana Klotzsch ex Sond. (2) linearifolia (Stephens) Dinter = C. semitetrandra
Polanisia diandra (Burch.) T.Durand & Schinz in part (2) macrophylla (Klotzsch) Briq. var. macrophylla
Polanisia dianthera DC. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? B, LIM, NW, G, M,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt? N, NW, FS, NC S, KZN
angustifolia Forssk. subsp. diandra (Burch.) Kers var. nama-
maculata (Sond.) Szyszyl.
quensis Kers = C. angustifolia subsp. diandra Polanisia maculata Sond. (2)
angustifolia Forssk. subsp. petersiana (Klotzsch ex Sond.) Tetratelia maculata (Sond.) Sond. (2)
Kers Annual. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.3 m. Alt? B, LIM, NW, G,
C. diandra in sense of many authors, not of Burch., misapplied M, FS
name (2)
Dianthera petersiana (Klotzsch ex Sond.) Pax (2) minima Stephens = Heliophila minima
CAPPARACEAE Capparis DICOTYLEDONS

monophylla L. brevipetiolata Killick

Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, NW, G, Perennial. Scrambling shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 152–
M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC 1000 m. S, KZN
oxyphylla Burch. var. oxyphylla cafra (DC.) Pax
C. bicolor (Pax) Gilg (2) M. triphylla (Thunb.) T.Durand & Schinz (3)
C. breyeri Burtt Davy (2) Niebuhria triphylla (Thunb.) H.L.Wendl. (3)
C. heterochoma Briq. (2) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–9 m. Alt 12–1645 m.
Polanisia oxyphylla (Burch.) DC. (2) LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, NW,
G, NC edulis (Gilg & Gilg-Ben.) DeWolf
Courbonia edulis Gilg & Gilg-Ben. (2)
oxyphylla Burch. var. robusta Kers Courbonia glauca (Klotzsch) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? LIM Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–1 m. Alt 30–1216 m. LIM,
paxii (Schinz) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. M, KZN
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.5 m. Alt? N, NC flagellaris (Oliv.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. = M. juncea subsp.
rubella Burch. juncea
C. rupestris Sond. (2) flagellaris (Oliv.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. subsp. crustata Wild
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.4 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, NW, G, = M. juncea subsp. crustata
M, FS, NC gilgii Schinz
Boscia angustifolia in sense of Harv., misapplied name (3)
rupestris Sond. = C. rubella
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 100–800 m. N,
schlechteri Briq. NC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt? M, KZN
guerichii Pax = M. juncea subsp. juncea
semitetrandra Sond.
C. linearifolia (Stephens) Dinter (2) juncea Pax subsp. crustata (Wild) Wild
Dianthera semitetrandra (Sond.) Klotzsch & Sond. (2) M. flagellaris (Oliv.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. subsp. crustata Wild (1)
M. maschonica Gilg in part, as to specimen Galpin 1063 (3)
suffruticosa Schinz m. B, LIM, G, M, S, KZN
juncea Pax subsp. juncea
sulfurea Bremek. & Oberm. = C. kalachariensis M. angustifolia Schinz, illegitimate name (3)
virgata Thunb. = Cycloptychis virgata M. flagellaris (Oliv.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. (3)
M. guerichii Pax (3)
xanthopetala Briq. = C. foliosa var. lutea M. maschonica Gilg in part, as to specimen Engler 3157 (3)
COURBONIA Brongn. 3108000 m. N, B
edulis Gilg & Gilg-Ben. = Maerua edulis legatii Burtt Davy = M. parvifolia
glauca (Klotzsch) Gilg & Gilg-Ben. = Maerua edulis maschonica Gilg in part, as to specimen Galpin 1063 =
M. juncea subsp. crustata
DIANTHERA Pax 3090000 maschonica Gilg in part, as to specimen Engler 3157 =
burchelliana Klotzsch ex Sond. = Cleome angustifolia M. juncea subsp. juncea
subsp. diandra nervosa (Hochst.) Oliv.
Niebuhria nervosa Hochst. (3)
petersiana (Klotzsch ex Sond.) Pax = Cleome angusti- Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.9–3 m. Alt 0–400 m.
folia subsp. petersiana KZN
semitetrandra (Sond.) Klotzsch & Sond. = Cleome parvifolia Pax
semitetrandra M. legatii Burtt Davy (3)
EUADENIA Oliv. 3098000 B, LIM, M, S
kirkii Oliv. = Cladostemon kirkii pedunculosa (Hochst.) Sim = M. racemulosa
racemulosa (A.DC.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
GYNANDROPSIS DC. 3087000 Boscia caffra Sond. (3)
M. pedunculosa (Hochst.) Sim (3)
gynandra (L.) Briq. = Cleome gynandra Niebuhria pedunculosa Hochst. (3)
pentaphylla (L.) Briq. = Cleome gynandra Perennial. Tree, shrub or climber. Ht 0.8–6 m. Alt 5–
1100 m. S, KZN, WC, EC
MAERUA Forssk. 3112000
(1) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 216–229. rosmarinoides (Sond.) Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
Niebuhria rosmarinoides Sond. (3)
(2) DeWolf. 1962. Kew Bulletin 16: 75–83.
(3) Killick. 1970. FSA 13: 159–171. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 3–2900 m.
(4) Killick. 1989. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1988. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
angolensis DC. schinzii Pax
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–10 m. Alt 5–1220 m. N, Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–7 m. Alt 290–1500 m. N, NC
B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN triphylla (Thunb.) T.Durand & Schinz = M. cafra
angustifolia Schinz, illegitimate name = M. juncea woodii (Oliv.) T.Durand & Schinz = Bachmannia
subsp. juncea woodii
DICOTYLEDONS CAPPARACEAE Cleome

NIEBUHRIA Oliv. 3112010 maculata Sond. = Cleome maculata

nervosa Hochst. = Maerua nervosa oxyphylla (Burch.) DC. = Cleome oxyphylla var. oxy-
phylla
pedunculosa Hochst. = Maerua racemulosa
rosmarinoides Sond. = Maerua rosmarinoides TETRATELIA Sond. 3090020
triphylla (Thunb.) H.L.Wendl. = Maerua cafra maculata (Sond.) Sond. = Cleome maculata
woodii Oliv. = Bachmannia woodii
THILACHIUM Lour. 3113000
POLANISIA Raf. 3090010 (1) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 213, 214.
(2) Killick. 1970. FSA 13: 175–177.
diandra (Burch.) T.Durand & Schinz = Cleome angus- (3) Wild & Gonçalves. 1973. Flora de Moçambique 12: 20, 21.
tifolia subsp. diandra
africanum Lour.
dianthera DC. = Cleome angustifolia subsp. diandra Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 5–434 m. LIM,
lutea Sond. = Cleome foliosa var. lutea M, S, KZN
*C A P R I F O L I A C E A E
*LONICERA L. 8523000 japonica Thunb.

(1) Li. 2000. European garden flora 6: 436–452. Perennial. Climber. Ht 3–9 m. Alt 1000–1500 m. G,
M, KZN
bubalina L.f. = Burchellia bubalina
CARYOPHYLLACEAE
Compiled by T. Nkonki
*AGROSTEMMA L. 2488000 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 245–3475 m. LIM,

(1) Chater. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 156, 157. G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
(2) Greuter. 1995. Willdenowia 25: 106, 107. caespitosum Gilib. subsp. triviale (Link) Hiitonen = C.
githago L. subsp. githago fontanum subsp. triviale
Lychnis githago (L.) Scop. (1)
capense Sond.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? LIM, G, WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.45 m. Alt 5–2835 m. LIM,
ALSINE L. 2429010 G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
dichotomum L.
prostrata Forssk. = Polycarpon prostratum var. pros- Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.18 m. Alt up to 1450 m. WC
tratum
dregeanum Fenzl = C. arabidis
*ARENARIA L. 2443000 erectum (L.) Coss. & Germ. = Moenchia erecta subsp.
(1) Chater & Halliday. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 116–123. erecta
diffusa Elliott fontanum Baumg. subsp. triviale (Link) Jalas
Annual, biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt up to C. caespitosum Gilib. subsp. triviale (Link) Hiitonen (3)
C. holosteoides Fr. (3)
1373 m. KZN C. holosteoides Fr. subsp. triviale (Murb.) Möschl (1)
fendleri A.Gray C. triviale Link (3)
Annual, biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? G C. vulgatum L. (3)
glandulosa Jacq. = Spergularia media
KZN, L
media L. = Spergularia media
glomeratum Thuill.
CERASTIUM L. 2430000 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt ?–671 m. KZN,
(1) Möschl. 1951. Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana 7: 53.
WC
(2) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 346–349. holosteoides Fr. = C. fontanum subsp. triviale
(3) Jalas et al. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 136–145. holosteoides Fr. subsp. triviale (Murb.) Möschl = C. fon-
(4) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No.
39: 165–167. tanum subsp. triviale
africanum (Hook.f.) Oliv. = C. indicum indicum Wight & Arn.
C. africanum (Hook.f.) Oliv. (2)
arabidis E.Mey. ex Fenzl C. indicum Wight & Arn. var. ruwenzoriense (F.N.Williams)
C. dregeanum Fenzl (4) Möschl (2)
CAPPARACEAE Niebuhria DICOTYLEDONS

Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt 1312–2225 m. LIM, FS, KZN, colensoi F.N.Williams = D. zeyheri subsp. natalensis
L, EC crenatus in sense of Edwards, not of Thunb. = D. cae-
indicum Wight & Arn. var. ruwenzoriense (F.N.Wil- spitosus subsp. pectinatus
liams) Möschl = C. indicum crenatus Thunb.
triviale Link = C. fontanum subsp. triviale Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 5–2100 m. KZN,
vulgatum L. = C. fontanum subsp. triviale WC, EC
holopetalus Turcz.
CORRIGIOLA L. 2469000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt up to 153 m. WC
(1) Wild & Diniz. 1973. Flora de Moçambique 20: 3.
incurvus Thunb. = D. albens
capensis Willd. subsp. capensis kamisbergensis Sond.
C. telefiifolia in sense of Harv. & Sond., misapplied name (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt 854–1021 m. NC, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt up to 1530 m. NC
WC kirkii Burtt Davy = D. mooiensis subsp. kirkii
litoralis L. forma typica Graebn. = C. litoralis subsp. laingsburgensis Hooper
D. pearsonii Burtt Davy in part, as to Schlechter 11392 (2)
litoralis var. litoralis
litoralis L. subsp. litoralis var. litoralis WC
C. litoralis L. forma typica Graebn. (1)
C. litoralis L. var. purpurascens Giraudias (1) mecistocalyx F.N.Williams = D. zeyheri subsp. zeyheri
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt 3–1982 m. N, B, micropetalus Ser.
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 600–2200 m. B,
litoralis L. subsp. litoralis var. perennans Chaudhri NW, G, FS, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 300–1372 m. N, micropetalus Ser. var. galpinii Burtt Davy = D. basuti-
LIM, G, WC cus subsp. basuticus var. basuticus
litoralis L. var. purpurascens Giraudias = C. litoralis mooiensis F.N.Williams subsp. kirkii (Burtt Davy)
subsp. litoralis var. litoralis Hooper
telefiifolia in sense of Harv. & Sond., misapplied name D. kirkii Burtt Davy (2)
= C. capensis subsp. capensis Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 458–2135 m. NW,
G, S, EC
DIANTHUS L. 2502000 mooiensis F.N.Williams subsp. mooiensis var. dentatus
(1) Phillips. 1936. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 16: t. 626. Burtt Davy
(2) Hooper. 1959. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 37: 17–58.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 300–2227 m. M,
albens Aiton EC
D. incurvus Thunb. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 15–1500 m. NC, mooiensis F.N.Williams subsp. mooiensis var. mooien-
WC sis
D. nelsonii F.N.Williams (2)
basuticus Burtt Davy subsp. basuticus var. basuticus Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 168–2060 m. NW,
D. micropetalus Ser. var. galpinii Burtt Davy (2)
G, M, KZN
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.4 m. Alt 1500–3050 m. G,
M, FS, KZN, L, EC namaensis Schinz var. dinteri (Schinz) Hooper
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt up to 1007 m. N, NC,
basuticus Burtt Davy subsp. basuticus var. grandi- WC, EC
florus Hooper
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 2500–3200 m. M, namaensis Schinz var. junceus (Burtt Davy) Hooper
KZN, L Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt up to 760 m. NC
basuticus Burtt Davy subsp. fourcadei Hooper namaensis Schinz var. namaensis
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 183–1509 m. WC D. pearsonii Burtt Davy in part, as to Pearson 7856 (2)
bolusii Burtt Davy NC
WC nelsonii F.N.Williams = D. mooiensis subsp. mooiensis
var. mooiensis
bolusii Burtt Davy × D. caespitosus Thunb.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt up to 300 m. WC pearsonii Burtt Davy in part, as to Schlechter 11392 =
D. laingsburgensis
burchellii Ser.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? B, NC pearsonii Burtt Davy in part, as to Pearson 7856 = D.
namaensis var. namaensis
caespitosus Thunb. subsp. caespitosus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 100–2288 m. L, pectinatus E.Mey. ex Sond. = D. caespitosus subsp.
WC pectinatus
caespitosus Thunb. subsp. pectinatus (E.Mey. ex Sond.) prolifer L. = Petrorhagia prolifera
Hooper prostratus Jacq. = D. caespitosus subsp. pectinatus
D. crenatus in sense of Edwards, not of Thunb. (2)
D. pectinatus E.Mey. ex Sond. (2) prostratus of author, not of Jacq., concept invalid = D.
D. prostratus Jacq. (2) zeyheri subsp. natalensis
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 533–1350 m. WC scaber Thunb. = D. thunbergii forma thunbergii
DICOTYLEDONS CARYOPHYLLACEAE Cerastium

scaber Thunb. var. graminifolius Fenzl ex Szyszyl. = D. umbellatum L. subsp. umbellatum

transvaalensis Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt up to 1464 m. NC
serpae Ficalho & Hiern = D. zeyheri subsp. zeyheri
KOHLRAUSCHIA Kunth 2498000
thunbergii Hooper forma maritimus Hooper
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.2 m. Alt 15–671 m. EC prolifera (L.) Kunth = Petrorhagia prolifera
thunbergii Hooper forma thunbergii KRAUSEOLA Pax & Hoffm. 2453010
D. scaber Thunb. (2)
(1) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 337–339.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 15–2100 m. WC, (2) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No.
EC 39: 166.
transvaalensis Burtt Davy mosambicina (Moss) Pax & K.Hoffm.
D. scaber Thunb. var. graminifolius Fenzl ex Szyszyl. (2) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 5–60 m. KZN
FS LEPIGONUM Wahlb. 2450010
zeyheri Sond. subsp. natalensis Hooper marginatum W.D.J.Koch var. glabra L. = Spergularia
D. colensoi F.N.Williams (2) media
D. prostratus of author, not of Jacq., concept invalid (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.7 m. Alt 7–2260 m. B, LIM, marginatum W.D.J.Koch var. glandulosa Fenzl = Sper-
M, KZN, EC gularia media
zeyheri Sond. subsp. zeyheri LYCHNIS L. 2489000
D. mecistocalyx F.N.Williams (2)
D. serpae Ficalho & Hiern (2) githago (L.) Scop. = Agrostemma githago subsp. githago
G, KZN *MOENCHIA Ehrh. 2432000
(1) Clapham. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 145, 146.
DRYMARIA Willd. ex Schult. 2452000 erecta (L.) Gaertn. subsp. erecta
(1) Duke. 1961. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 48: 179, Cerastium erectum (L.) Coss. & Germ. (1)
245. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt up to 1570 m. WC
(2) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 344–346.
(3) Wild & Diniz. 1973. Flora de Moçambique 19: 8, 9.
*PARONYCHIA Mill. 2473000
cordata (L.) Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. subsp. diandra (1) Poiret. 1804. Encylopédie méthodique 5: 26.
(Blume) J.A.Duke (2) Henderson & Anderson. 1966. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey
D. diandra Blume (1) of South Africa No. 37: 131, 132.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–1.5 m. Alt 15–1890 m. LIM, (3) Chaudhri. 1968. Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en
M, KZN, WC, EC Herbarium van de Rijks-Universiteit te Utrecht 285: 80–297.
diandra Blume = D. cordata subsp. diandra brasiliana DC. var. pubescens Chaudhri
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt 183–2000 m. NW, G, M, FS,
HERNIARIA L. 2476000 KZN, L, WC
(1) Chaudhri. 1968. Mededelingen van het Botanisch Museum en
Herbarium van de Rijks-Universiteit te Utrecht 285: 354–377. *PETRORHAGIA (Ser.) Link 2497010
arenicola = H. capensis (1) Ball & Heywood. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 186–188.
capensis Bartl. prolifera (L.) Ball & Heywood

H. arenicola Adamson (1) Dianthus prolifer L. (1)
Kohlrauschia prolifera (L.) Kunth (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 6–13 m. WC Tunica prolifera (L.) Scop. (1)
erckertii Herm. subsp. erckertii var. dewetii Herm. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 18–
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.01 m. Alt 275–2621 m. NW, 800 m. WC
FS, L, NC, WC, EC
erckertii Herm. subsp. erckertii var. dinteri Chaudhri POLLICHIA Aiton 2467000
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? N, G, M, FS, NC, EC (1) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 358–360.
erckertii Herm. subsp. erckertii var. erckertii (3) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 915–2285 m. N, 39: 57–99.
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC (4) Wild & Diniz. 1973. Flora of Moçambique 19: 1–3.
erckertii Herm. subsp. pulvinata Chaudhri campestris Aiton

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.08 m. Alt ?–900 m. LIM, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–1.5 m. Alt 15–2000 m. N, B,
NC LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
grimmii Herm. POLYCARPAEA Lam. 2455000
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.01 m. Alt ?–2928 m. EC
(1) Turrill. 1954. Kew Bulletin 1954: 503.
pearsonii Chaudhri (insufficiently known) (2) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 341–344.
schlechteri Herm. (3) Podlech. 1967. FSWA 31: 2, 3.
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt 107–2000 m. FS, WC *corymbosa (L.) Lam. var. corymbosa
Achyranthes corymbosa L. (3)
*HOLOSTEUM L. 2431000 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 3–1850 m. N, B, LIM,
(1) Walters. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 136. G, M, S, KZN
CARYOPHYLLACEAE Dianthus DICOTYLEDONS

eriantha Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. effusa (Oliv. emend. S. dinteri Engl. (2)
Pax) Turrill Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 10–2227 m. N,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.19 m. Alt up to 1693 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
LIM, M. burchellii Otth var. latifolia Sond.
eriantha Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. eriantha Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt up to 1980 m. LIM, M, KZN,
P. grossartii Dinter (3) WC, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? N, B burchellii Otth var. macrorrhiza R.E.Fr. = S. burchellii
grossartii Dinter = P. eriantha var. eriantha var. angustifolia
burchellii Otth var. pilosellaefolia Sond. = S. burchellii
POLYCARPON L. 2453000 var. angustifolia
(1) Linnaeus. 1759. Systema naturae edn 10, 2: 881.
(2) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 339–341. capensis Otth = S. undulata
(3) Podlech. 1967. FSWA 31: 2, 3. clandestina Jacq.
Vol. 13: 222. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 6–2100 m. M, NC,
WC, EC
loeflingii Benth. = P. prostratum var. prostratum
crassifolia L.
prostratum (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. var. prostratum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 2–155 m. WC, EC
Alsine prostrata Forssk. (3)
P. loeflingii Benth. (3) dewinteri Bocquet
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt 110–610 m. N, B, M Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.2 m. Alt up to 300 m. WC
*tetraphyllum (L.) L. dinteri Engl. = S. burchellii var. burchellii
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt 5–914 m. M, FS, KZN, WC, EC eckloniana Sond.
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt up to 20 m. WC
*SAGINA L. 2433000
(1) Chorney. 1986. Flora of South Australia 1: 227, 228. *gallica L.
(2) Danin. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 412, 413. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt 15–1965 m. LIM,
(3) Turker. 2000. Rhodora 102: 214–216. G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
apetala Ard. inflata (Salisb.) Sm. = S. vulgaris subsp. vulgaris
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.15 m. Alt 120–1480 m. FS, mundiana Eckl. & Zeyh.
KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt up to 300 m. WC
maritima G.Don ornata Aiton
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.9 m. Alt up to 300 m. WC
*pendula L.
SAPONARIA L. 2503000 Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt up to 1600 m. G
vaccaria L. var. grandiflora Fisch. ex Ser. = Vaccaria pilosellifolia Cham. & Schltdl.
hispanica var. hispanica Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 200–2236 m. N, LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
*SCLERANTHUS L. 2483000
(1) Henderson & Anderson. 1966. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey
primuliflora Eckl. & Zeyh. var. ciliata Sond.
of South Africa No. 37: 136, 137. Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt up to 700 m. EC
(2) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany Suppl. primuliflora Eckl. & Zeyh. var. primuliflora
Vol. 13: 312.
annuus L. L, WC, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.2 m. Alt 30–1980 m. KZN, thunbergiana Bartl.
NC, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 10–1943 m. WC
SILENE L. 2490000 undulata Aiton
(1) Sonder. 1860. FC 1: 125–129. S. capensis Otth (1)
(2) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 350–355. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt 6–2950
(3) Podlech. 1967. FSWA 31: 4. m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
(4) Bocquet. 1977. Bothalia 12: 309–311.
(5) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany Suppl. vlokii Masson
Vol. 13: 222, 223. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 10–100 m. WC
(6) Masson. 1989. Candollea 44: 485–491. vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. macrocarpa (Marsden)
(7) Walters. 1989. European garden flora 3: 179–181.
(8) Chater et al. 1993. Flora europaea edn 2,1: 191–218. Jones & Turrill
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.23–0.75 m. Alt ?–1402 m. KZN,
bellidioides Sond. WC, EC
LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. vulgaris
S. inflata (Salisb.) Sm. (8)
burchellii Otth var. angustifolia Sond. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 229–1525 m. FS,
S. burchellii Otth var. macrorrhiza R.E.Fr. (1)
S. burchellii Otth var. pilosellaefolia Sond. (1)
KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 600–2425 m. *SPERGULA L. 2449000
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC
(1) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 346.
burchellii Otth var. burchellii (2) Ratter. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 154.
DICOTYLEDONS CARYOPHYLLACEAE Polycarpaea

(3) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany Suppl. S. campestris (L.) Asch. (3)
Vol. 13: 223. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC, EC
arvensis L.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 30–2425 m. G, M, *STELLARIA L. 2429000
KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (1) Wild. 1961. FZ 1,2: 349, 350.
SPERGULARIA (Pers.) J.Presl 2450000 Edinburgh 42: 228.
& C.Presl (3) Danin. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 413.
(1) Sonder. 1860. FC 1: 134, 135. media (L.) Vill.
(2) Monnier & Ratter. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 154–156. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 5–2208 m. B, LIM,
(3) Podlech. 1967. FSWA 31: 4, 5. NW, G, KZN, L, WC, EC
(4) Monnier. 1975. Candollea 30: 121–155.
pallida (Dumort.) Piré
atheniensis Asch. & Schweinf. = S. bocconii
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt 100–1525 m. LIM,
bocconii (Scheele) Asch. & Graebn. NW, G, KZN, L, WC, EC
S. atheniensis Asch. & Schweinf. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.7 m. Alt 5–1310 m. NC, sennii Chiov.
WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 11–2446 m. N, B, KZN,
campestris (L.) Asch. = S. rubra L, EC
glandulosa Fenzl var. glabrifolia Fenzl = S. media TUNICA Scop. 2498010
glandulosa Fenzl var. glandulosa = S. media
hanoverensis Simon prolifera (L.) Scop. = Petrorhagia prolifera
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.03 m. Alt 300–1370 m. NC, WC *VACCARIA Medik. 2501000
marginata Kitt. = S. media (1) Tutin et al. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 186.
*media (L.) C.Presl ex Griseb. (2) Léonard. 1985. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de
Arenaria glandulosa Jacq. (2) Belgique 55: 297, 298.
Arenaria media L. (3) (3) Rechinger. 1988. Flora of Iranica 163: 337, 338.
Lepigonum marginatum W.D.J.Koch var. glabra L. (1)
Lepigonum marginatum W.D.J.Koch var. glandulosa Fenzl (1) hispanica (Miller) Rauschert var. hispanica
S. glandulosa Fenzl var. glabrifolia Fenzl (1) Saponaria vaccaria L. var. grandiflora Fisch. ex Ser. (2)
S. glandulosa Fenzl var. glandulosa (1) V. pyramidata Medik. var. pyramidata (2)
S. marginata Kitt. (2) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 610–1617 m. NW, G,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–1 m. Alt 5–1370 m. N, NW, M, FS, NC, WC, EC
FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC pyramidata Medik. var. pyramidata = V. hispanica var.
*rubra (L.) J.Presl & C.Presl hispanica
*C A S U A R I N A C E A E
*CASUARINA L. 1855000 cunninghamiana Miq.

(1) Wilmot-Dear. 1985. FTEA Casuarinaceae: 1–8. Perennial. Tree. Ht 7–25 m. Alt? G, WC, EC
(2) Wilmot-Dear. 1991. FZ 9,6: 116–120. equisetifolia J.R.Forst. & G.Forst.
(3) Wilmot-Dear. 2000. Bothalia 30: 143–146.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 7–25 m. Alt ± 0 m. KZN
CELASTRACEAE
Compiled by R.H. Archer & M. Jordaan
ALLOCASSINE N.Robson 4641030 CASSINE L. 4641000

(1) Robson. 1965. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana sér. 2, 39: 30. (1) Archer & Van Wyk. 1997. South African Journal of Botany 63:
(2) Archer & Van Wyk. 1998. South African Journal of Botany 64: 146–157.
189–191. (2) Archer et al. 1997. Flowering Plants of Africa 55: 70–74, t. 2134.
laurifolia (Harv.) N.Robson Africa, edn 3: 885–912.
Cassine laurifolia (Harv.) Davison (1)
Elaeodendron ? laurifolium Harv. (1) aethiopica Thunb. = Mystroxylon aethiopicum subsp.
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 1.5–6 m. Alt 25–610 aethiopicum
m. S, KZN, EC affinis Sond. = C. peragua subsp. affinis
tetragona (L.f.) N.Robson = Lauridia tetragona albanensis Sond. = Lauridia tetragona
CARYOPHYLLACEAE *Spergula DICOTYLEDONS

barbara L. = C. peragua subsp. barbara Hartogia capensis L. (1)

Hartogia capensis L. var. lanceolata Sond. (1)
burchelli Loes. = C. parvifolia Hartogia capensis L. var. latifolia Sond. (1)
burkeana (Sond.) Kuntze = Mystroxylon aethiopicum Hartogia capensis L. var. multiflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. (1)
Hartogia capensis L. var. riparia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. (1)
subsp. burkeanum Hartogia schinoides C.A.Sm. (1)
capensis in sense of Davison, not of L., misapplied Hartogiella schinoides (Spreng.) Codd (1)
name = C. peragua subsp. barbara Schrebera schinoides Thunb. (1)
capensis L. = C. peragua subsp. peragua
WC, EC
capensis L. var. colpoon (L.) DC. = C. peragua subsp.
schinziana (Loes.) Loes. = C. parvifolia
peragua
sphaerophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Mystroxylon
colpoon (L.) Thunb. = C. peragua subsp. peragua
aethiopicum subsp. aethiopicum
crocea of most authors, not of Thunb. = Elaeodendron
szyszylowiczii Kuntze = Gymnosporia sp. A
zeyheri
tetragona (L.f.) Druce = Lauridia tetragona
crocea (Thunb.) Kuntze = Elaeodendron croceum
tetragona (L.f.) Loes. = Lauridia tetragona
eucleiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Robsonodendron
eucleiforme tetragona (Thunb.) Loes. = Lauridia tetragona
kraussiana Bernh. = C. peragua subsp. peragua tetragona Thunb. var. laxa (Loes.) Loes. = Lauridia
tetragona
latifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = Lauridia tetragona
transvaalensis (Burtt Davy) Codd = Elaeodendron
latifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. heterophylla Sond. = Lauridia
transvaalense
tetragona
velutinum (Harv.) Loes. = Mystroxylon aethiopicum
laurifolia (Harv.) Davison = Allocassine laurifolia
subsp. aethiopicum
maritima (Bolus) F.Bolus & L.Bolus = Robsonodendron
maritimum CATHA Forssk. ex Scop. 4629000
matabelicum (Loes.) Steedman = Elaeodendron mata- (1) Davison. 1927. Bothalia 2: 339–342.
belicum (2) Robson. 1966. FZ 2: 379–381.
(3) Vorster. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1685.
maurocenia L. = Maurocenia frangula (4) Van Wyk & Prins. 1987. South African Journal of Botany 53:
202–205.
papillosa (Hochst.) Kuntze = Elaeodendron croceum (5) Coates Palgrave. 2002. Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of southern
parvifolia Sond. Africa, edn 3: 885–912.
C. burchelli Loes. (1)
C. schinziana (Loes.) Loes. (1)
abbottii A.E.van Wyk & Prins = Lydenburgia abbottii
Maurocenia schinziana Loes. (1) campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Putterlickia pyra-
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 90–1800 m. cantha
WC, EC cassinoides (N.Robson) Codd, name illegitimate =
peragua L. subsp. affinis (Sond.) R.H.Archer Lydenburgia cassinoides
C. affinis Sond. (1)
edulis (Vahl) Endl.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–9 m. Alt 10–750 m. NC, WC Methyscophyllum glaucum Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
peragua L. subsp. barbara (L.) R.H.Archer Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 350–1000 m.
C. barbara L. (1) LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
C. capensis in sense of Davison, not of L., misapplied name (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 10–200 m. WC integrifolia (L.f.) G.Don = Gloveria integrifolia
peragua L. subsp. peragua transvaalensis Codd = Lydenburgia cassinoides
C. capensis L. (1)
C. capensis L. var. colpoon (L.) DC. (1) CATHASTRUM Turcz. 4646010
C. colpoon (L.) Thunb. (1)
C. kraussiana Bernh. (1) capense Turcz. = Pleurostylia capensis
Elaeodendron kraussianum (Bernh.) Sim (1)
Euonymus colpoon L. (1) CELASTRUS L. 4625000
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–11 m. Alt 100–1700
m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC acuminatus L.f. = Maytenus acuminata var. acuminata
pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Mystroxylon albatus N.E.Br. = Maytenus albata
aethiopicum subsp. aethiopicum angularis Sond. = Gymnosporia heterophylla
reticulata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Codd = Lauridia reticulata campestris Eckl. & Zeyh. = Putterlickia pyracantha
scandens Eckl. & Zeyh. = Lauridia tetragona capitatus E.Mey. ex Sond. = Gymnosporia capitata
scandens Eckl. & Zeyh. var. latifolia Sond. = Lauridia cordatus E.Mey. ex Sond. = Maytenus cordata
tetragona filiformis L.f. = Secamone filiformis
scandens Eckl. & Zeyh. var. laxa Loes. = Lauridia tetra- ilicinus Burch. = Maytenus ilicina
gona
integrifolius L.f. = Gloveria integrifolia
schinoides (Spreng.) R.H.Archer
Elaeodendron schinoides Spreng. (1) lanceolatus E.Mey. ex Sond. = Gymnosporia linearis
Hartogia angustifolia Turcz. (1) subsp. lanceolata
DICOTYLEDONS CELASTRACEAE Cassine

laurinus Thunb. = Maytenus oleoides oligocarpum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Ettingsh. = Robsonoden-
linearis L.f. = Gymnosporia linearis subsp. linearis dron eucleiforme
lucidus L. = Maytenus lucida papillosum Hochst. = E. croceum
reticulatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Ettingsh. = Lauridia reticu-
maritimus Bolus = Robsonodendron maritimum
lata
obtusus Thunb. = Putterlickia pyracantha schinoides Spreng. = Cassine schinoides
peduncularis Sond. = Maytenus peduncularis transvaalense (Burtt Davy) R.H.Archer
procumbens L.f. = Maytenus procumbens Cassine transvaalensis (Burtt Davy) Codd (3)
Crocoxylon transvaalense (Burtt Davy) N.Robson (3)
pyracanthus L. = Putterlickia pyracantha E. croceum (Thunb.) DC. var. heterophyllum Loes. (3)
saxatilis Burch. = Putterlickia saxatilis Pseudocassine transvaalensis (Burtt Davy) Bredell (3)
Salacia transvaalensis Burtt Davy (3)
tetragonus Thunb. = Lauridia tetragona Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 200–1700 m.
undatus Thunb. = Maytenus undata N, B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN
verrucosus Sond. = Putterlickia verrucosa zeyheri Spreng. ex Turcz.
Cassine crocea of most authors, not of Thunb. (3)
CROCOXYLON Eckl. & Zeyh. 4640010 Crocoxylon croceum of most authors, not of Thunb. (3)
Crocoxylon excelsum Eckl. & Zeyh., illegitimate name (3)
croceum of most authors, not of Thunb. = Elaeodendron E. croceum of most authors, not of Thunb. (3)
zeyheri E. excelsum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Ettingsh. (3)
Salacia zeyheri Planch. ex Harv. (3)
croceum (Thunb.) N.Robson = Elaeodendron croceum Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 200–1750 m. LIM,
excelsum Eckl. & Zeyh., illegitimate name = Elaeoden- KZN, EC
dron zeyheri
transvaalense (Burtt Davy) N.Robson = Elaeodendron
EMPLEURIDIUM Sond. 4626010
(1) Goldblatt et al. 1985. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
transvaalense 72: 167–183.
juniperinum Sond.
ELACHYPTERA A.C.Sm. 4661010 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 600–1200 m. WC
(1) Robson et al. 1994. FTEA Celastraceae: 48–51.
parvifolia (Oliv.) N.Hallé EUONYMUS L. 4618000
Hippocratea parvifolia Oliv. (1) colpoon L. = Cassine peragua subsp. peragua
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 2–8 m. Alt 318–460
m. LIM GLOVERIA M.Jordaan 4628010
(1) Jordaan & Van Wyk. 1998. South African Journal of Botany 64:
ELAEODENDRON Jacq. 4640000 299–302.
(1) Archer & Condy. 1995. Flowering Plants of Africa 54: 58–62, t. integrifolia (L.f.) M.Jordaan
2112. Catha integrifolia (L.f.) G.Don (1)
(2) Archer & Van Wyk. 1996. Bothalia 26: 41, 42. Celastrus integrifolius L.f. (1)
(3) Archer & Van Wyk. 1998. South African Journal of Botany 64: Gymnosporia integrifolia (L.f.) R.Glover (1)
93–109. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt? NC, WC
capense Eckl. & Zeyh. = E. croceum
croceum (Thunb.) DC. GYMNOSPORIA (Wight & 4627000
Cassine crocea (Thunb.) Kuntze (1) Arn.) Hook.f.
Cassine papillosa (Hochst.) Kuntze (1) (1) Schönland. 1919. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South
Crocoxylon croceum (Thunb.) N.Robson (1) Africa No. 1: 73.
E. capense Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) (2) Davison. 1927. Bothalia 2: 289–346.
E. papillosum Hochst. (1) (3) Loesener. 1942. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 2, 20b:
Ilex crocea Thunb. (1) 87–158.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 250–2600 m. LIM, (4) Robson. 1966. FZ 2: 358–374.
(5) Archer. 1992. South African Journal of Botany 58: 393–396.
KZN, WC, EC (6) Jordaan. 1995. A taxonomic revision of the spiny members of sub-
croceum of most authors, not of Thunb. = E. zeyheri family Celastroideae (Celastraceae) in southern Africa.
Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, Univ. Pretoria.
croceum (Thunb.) DC. var. heterophyllum Loes. = E. (7) Jordaan & Van Wyk. 1999. South African Journal of Botany 65:
transvaalense 177–181.
eucleiforme (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Ettingsh. = Robsonoden- (8) Jordaan & Condy. 1999. Flowering Plants of Africa 56: 82–85, t.
2154.
dron eucleiforme (9) Jordaan & Van Wyk. 1999. South African Journal of Botany 65:
excelsum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Ettingsh. = E. zeyheri 315–320.
fruticosum N.Robson = E. matabelicum 10–14.
kraussianum (Bernh.) Sim = Cassine peragua subsp. (11) Coates Palgrave. 2002. Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of southern
Africa, edn 3: 885–912.
peragua (12) Jordaan. 2002. In Schmidt et al., Trees and shrubs of Mpuma-
?laurifolium Harv. = Allocassine laurifolia langa and Kruger National Park: 676.
(13) Schmidt et al. 2002. Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger
matabelicum Loes. National Park: 332–362.
Cassine matabelicum (Loes.) Steedman (3)
E. fruticosum N.Robson (3) acuminata (L.f.) Szyszyl. = Maytenus acuminata var.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt ± 1050 m. B acuminata
CELASTRACEAE Celastrus DICOTYLEDONS

albata (N.E.Br.) Sim = Maytenus albata linearis (L.f.) Loes. subsp. linearis
Celastrus linearis L.f. (2)
amapondensis Sim = Robsonodendron eucleiforme Maytenus linearis in sense of (L.f) Marais in part (11)
angularis (Sond.) Sim = G. heterophylla Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 0–300 m. WC,
angularis (Sond.) Sim var. grandifolia Davison = G. EC
grandifolia linearis (L.f.) Loes. subsp. lanceolata (E.Mey. ex Sond.)
apiculata Sim = Robsonodendron maritimum M.Jordaan
Celastrus lanceolatus E.Mey. ex Sond. (11)
arenicola M.Jordaan G. lanceolata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes. (11)
Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.Robson subsp. arenaria Maytenus linearis in sense of (L.f) Marais in part (11)
N.Robson in part (9) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 0–300 m. N,
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 0–300 m. KZN NC
bachmannii Loes. lucida (L.) Loes. = Maytenus lucida
Maytenus bachmannii (Loes.) Marais (8)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 0–300 m. macrocarpa M.Jordaan
KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub or occ. tree. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 0–1500
m. KZN
buxifolia (L.) Szyszyl.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 7 m. Alt 0–2000 m. maranguensis (Loes.) Loes.
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt? N, B, LIM,
EC NW, G, M, S, KZN
capitata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Loes. markwardii M.Jordaan
Celastrus capitatus E.Mey. ex Sond. (2) Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.Robson subsp. arenaria
Maytenus capitata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Marais (11) N.Robson in part (9)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 0–2000 m. WC, Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 0–100 m.
EC KZN
cordata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Sim = Maytenus cordata monococca Davison = Maytenus monococca
crataegiflora Davison = G. woodii mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Loes.
Maytenus mossambicensis in sense of (Klotzsch) Blakelock in part
deflexa Sprague = Maytenus deflexa (11)
devenishii M.Jordaan Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 0–300 m. LIM
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 500–1500 m. nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Szyszyl.
KZN, EC Maytenus nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Marais (6)
elliptica (Thunb.) Schönland Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt? M, S, KZN,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt 0–100 m. WC, EC
EC oxycarpa (N.Robson) M.Jordaan
Maytenus oxycarpa N.Robson (12)
fasciculata (Tul.) Loes. = Maytenus undata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 0–300 m.
filiformis Davison in part = Maytenus sp. A LIM
glaucophylla M.Jordaan peduncularis (Sond.) Loes. = Maytenus peduncularis
Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.Robson subsp. glauca polyacantha (Sond.) Szyszyl. subsp. polyacantha
N.Robson (12) Maytenus polyacantha in sense of Marais in part (11)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt 0–100 m. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt? EC
LIM, M, S, KZN
polyacantha (Sond.) Szyszyl. subsp. vaccinifolia
grandifolia (Davison) M.Jordaan (P.Conrath) M.Jordaan
G. angularis (Sond.) Sim var. grandifolia Davison (12) G. vaccinifolia P.Conrath (11)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 0–100 m. LIM, M, S, Maytenus polyacantha in sense of Marais in part (11)
KZN, EC Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt? LIM, NW,
harveyana Loes. G, M
Maytenus mossambicensis in sense of (Klotzsch) Blakelock in part procumbens (L.f.) Loes. = Maytenus procumbens
(11)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–8 m. Alt 0–1000 m. pubescens (N.Robson) M.Jordaan
Maytenus pubescens N.Robson (12)
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 100–335 m.
heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Loes. LIM
Celastrus angularis Sond. (6)
G. angularis (Sond.) Sim (6) putterlickioides Loes.
Maytenus heterophylla in sense of (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.Robson in part Maytenus putterlickioides (Loes.) Exell & Mendonça (11)
(6) Perennial. Shrub or occ. tree. Ht up to 3 m. Alt? LIM
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 0– rubra (Harv.) Loes.
1500 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Maytenus mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock var. rubra (Harv.)
Blakelock (11)
ilicina (Burch.) Davison. = Maytenus ilicina
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt? M, KZN,
integrifolia (L.f.) R.Glover = Gloveria integrifolia EC
lanceolata (Eckl & Zeyh.) Loes. = G. linearis subsp. saxatilis (Burch.) Davison = Putterlickia saxatilis
lanceolata senegalensis (Lam.) Loes.
laurina (Thunb.) Szyszyl. = Maytenus oleoides Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell (6)
DICOTYLEDONS CELASTRACEAE Gymnosporia

Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 4 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, LAURIDIA Eckl. & Zeyh. 4647000
M, S, KZN (1) Archer & Van Wyk. 1997. South African Journal of Botany 63:
tenuispina (Sond.) Szyszyl. 227–232.
Maytenus tenuispina (Sond.) Marais (6) reticulata Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt? B, LIM, NW, G, Cassine reticulata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Codd (1)
M, KZN, FS Elaeodendron reticulatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Ettingsh. (1)
Mystroxylon reticulatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. (1)
undata (Thunb.) Szyszyl. = Maytenus undata Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 1–4.5 m. Alt 100–750 m.
uniflora Davison EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt? KZN, EC tetragona (L.f.) R.H.Archer
vaccinifolia P.Conrath = G. polyacantha subsp. vac- Allocassine tetragona (L.f.) N.Robson (1)
Cassine albanensis Sond. (1)
cinifolia Cassine latifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
woodii Szyszyl. Cassine latifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. heterophylla Sond. (1)
G. crataegiflora Davison (3) Cassine scandens Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 100–300 Cassine scandens Eckl. & Zeyh. var. latifolia Sond. (1)
Cassine scandens Eckl. & Zeyh. var. laxa Loes. (1)
m. KZN Cassine tetragona (L.f.) Druce (1)
zeyheri (Sond.) Davison = Maytenus undata Cassine tetragona (L.f.) Loes. (1)
Cassine tetragona (Thunb.) Loes. (1)
sp. A Cassine tetragona Thunb. var. laxa (Loes.) Loes. (1)
Cassine szyszylowiczii Kuntze Celastrus tetragonus Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt? N, NC, WC, EC Rhamnus tetragona L.f. (1)
sp. B Perennial. Shrub or scrambler. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 20–1750
Maytenus vanwykii R.H.Archer m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
KZN, EC LOESENERIELLA A.C.Sm. 4661080
(1) Robson. 1966. FZ 2: 408–411.
HARTOGIA L.f., not of L. 4645010 (2) Robson et al. 1994. FTEA Celastraceae: 65–70.
angustifolia Turcz. = Cassine schinoides africana (Willd.) N.Hallé var. richardiana (Cambess.)
N.Hallé
capensis L. = Cassine schinoides Hippocratea africana (Willd.) Loes. var. richardiana (Cambess.)
capensis L. var. lanceolata Sond. = Cassine schinoides N.Robson (2)
Hippocratea nitida Oberm. (1)
capensis L. var. latifolia Sond. = Cassine schinoides Hippocratea obtusifolia in sense of Oliv., misapplied name (2)
capensis L. var. multiflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. = Cas- Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 0.5–15 m. Alt 302–
sine schinoides 1675 m. N, B, LIM
capensis L. var. riparia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. = Cassine crenata (Klotzsch) N.Hallé
Hippocratea crenata (Klotzsch) K.Schum. & Loes. (1)
schinoides Hippocratea kirkii Oliv. (2)
schinoides C.A.Sm. = Cassine schinoides Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 2–3 m. Alt ?–549 m.
LIM
HARTOGIELLA Codd 4645000
LYDENBURGIA N.Robson 4629010
schinoides (Spreng.) Codd = Cassine schinoides (1) Robson. 1965. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana sér. 2, 39: 35.
(2) Codd. 1966. Bothalia 9: 124.
HIPPOCRATEA L. 4661000 (3) Codd. 1971. Bothalia 10: 365.
(4) Van Wyk & Prins. 1987. South African Journal of Botany 53:
africana (Willd.) Loes. var. richardiana (Cambess.) 202–205.
N.Robson = Loeseneriella africana var. richardi- (5) Coates Palgrave. 2002. Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of southern
ana Africa, edn 3: 885–912.
(6) Schmidt et al. 2002. Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger
buchananii Loes. = Reissantia buchananii National Park: 332–362.
crenata (Klotzsch) K.Schum. & Loes. = Loeseneriella abbottii (A.E.van Wyk & Prins) Steenkamp, A.E.van
crenata Wyk & Prins
delagoensis Loes. = Prionostemma delagoensis Catha abbottii A.E.van Wyk & Prins (5)
indica Willd. = Reissantia indica var. orientalis Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–8 m. Alt 0–100 m. KZN, EC
kirkii Oliv. = Loeseneriella crenata cassinoides N.Robson
Catha cassinoides (N.Robson) Codd, illegitimate name (1)
longipetiolata Oliv. = Pristimera longipetiolata Catha transvaalensis Codd (2)
nitida Oberm. = Loeseneriella africana var. richardiana Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–12 m. Alt 335–1900 m.
obtusifolia in sense of Oliv., misapplied name = LIM, M
Loeseneriella africana var. richardiana
MAUROCENIA Mill. 4644000
parviflora N.E.Br. = Reissantia parviflora (1) Archer & Van Wyk. 1998. Bothalia 28: 7–10.
parvifolia Oliv. = Elachyptera parvifolia capensis Sond. = M. frangula
schlechteri Loes. = Pristimera longipetiolata frangula Mill.
schlechteri Loes. var. peglerae Loes. = Pristimera Cassine maurocenia L. (1)
bojeri M. capensis Sond. (1)
CELASTRACEAE Gymnosporia DICOTYLEDONS

M. frangularia Willd., incorrect spelling of most authors (1) monococca (Davison) Loes.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 10–945 m. WC Gymnosporia monococca Davison (2)
frangularia Willd. = M. frangula Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 5–200 m.
WC
schinziana Loes. = Cassine parvifolia
mossambicensis in sense of (Klotzsch) Blakelock in part
MAYTENUS Molina 4626000 = Gymnosporia harveyana
(1) Davison. 1927. Bothalia 2: 289–346. mossambicensis in sense of (Klotzsch) Blakelock in part
(2) Loesener. 1942. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 2, 20b: 87–158. = Gymnosporia mossambicensis
(3) Marais. 1960. Bothalia 7: 381–386.
(4) Robson. 1966. FZ 2: 358–374.
mossambicensis (Klotzsch) Blakelock var. rubra (Harv.)
(5) Van Wyk. 1984. South African Journal of Botany 3: 115–119. Blakelock = Gymnosporia rubra
(6) Van Wyk & Archer. 1987. South African Journal of Botany 53: nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Marais = Gymnosporia ne-
155–160. morosa
Africa, edn 3: 885–912. oleoides (Lam.) Loes.
(8) Schmidt et al. 2002. Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Celastrus laurinus Thunb. (2)
Kruger National Park: 332–362. Gymnosporia laurina (Thunb.) Szyszyl. (3)
Scytophyllum laurinum (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (3)
abbottii A.E.van Wyk Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 30–1310 m.
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 0–300 m. KZN NC, WC, EC
acuminata (L.f.) Loes. var. acuminata oleosa A.E.van Wyk & R.H.Archer
Celastrus acuminatus L.f. (1)
Gymnosporia acuminata (L.f.) Szyszyl. (3) Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–4 m. Alt 10–300 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 5–1293 m. oxycarpa N.Robson = Gymnosporia oxycarpa
LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC peduncularis (Sond.) Loes.
albata (N.E.Br.) E.Schmidt & M.Jordaan Celastrus peduncularis Sond. (3)
Celastrus albatus N.E.Br. (8) Gymnosporia peduncularis (Sond.) Loes. (3)
Gymnosporia albata (N.E.Br.) Sim (8) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–13 m. Alt 15–1980 m.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 6 m. Alt? LIM, M, LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
KZN, L, EC polyacantha in sense of Marais in part = Gymnosporia
angustifolia (C.Presl ex Sond.) Moll & L.B.Scott = polyacantha subsp. polyacantha
Robsonodendron eucleiforme polyacantha in sense of Marais in part = Gymnosporia
bachmannii (Loes.) Marais = Gymnosporia bachmannii polyacantha subsp vaccinifolia
capitata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Marais = Gymnosporia procumbens (L.f.) Loes.
capitata Celastrus procumbens L.f. (3)
Gymnosporia procumbens (L.f.) Loes. (3)
cordata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Loes. Perennial. Tree, shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt
Celastrus cordatus E.Mey. ex Sond. (1)
Gymnosporia cordata (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Sim (7)
5–200 m. KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 10–300 m. pubescens N.Robson = Gymnosporia pubescens
KZN, EC putterlickioides (Loes.) Exell & Mendonça = Gymno-
deflexa (Sprague) E.Schmidt & M.Jordaan sporia putterlickioides
Gymnosporia deflexa Sprague (8) senegalensis (Lam.) Exell = Gymnosporia senegalensis
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 10 m. Alt? LIM, M,
KZN, EC tenuispina (Sond.) Marais = Gymnosporia tenuispina
heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.Robson subsp. arenaria undata (Thunb.) Blakelock
Celastrus undatus Thunb. (3)
N.Robson in part = Gymnosporia arenicola Gymnosporia fasciculata (Tul.) Loes. (3)
heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.Robson subsp. arenaria Gymnosporia undata (Thunb.) Szyszyl. (3)
Gymnosporia zeyheri (Sond.) Davison (3)
N.Robson in part = Gymnosporia markwardii
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 5–2225 m. B,
heterophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.Robson subsp. glauca LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
N.Robson = Gymnosporia glaucophylla
vanwykii R.H.Archer = Gymnosporia sp. B
heterophylla in sense of (Eckl. & Zeyh.) N.Robson in sp. A
part = Gymnosporia heterophylla Gymnosporia filiformis Davison in part (1)
ilicina (Burch) Loes. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 0–200 m. KZN
Celastrus ilicinus Burch. (1)
Gymnosporia ilicina (Burch.) Davison (7) METHYSCOPHYLLUM Eckl. & 4629010
Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht up to 3 m. Alt? NC Zeyh.
linearis in sense of (L.f) Marais in part = Gymnosporia glaucum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Catha edulis
linearis subsp. lanceolata
linearis in sense of (L.f) Marais in part = Gymnosporia MYSTROXYLON Eckl. & Zeyh. 4642000
linearis subsp. linearis (1) Archer et al. 1997. Flowering Plants of Africa 55: 76–80, t. 2134.
(2) Archer. 1996. A taxonomic revision of southern African
lucida (L.) Loes. Cassinoideae (Celastraceae): 107–126. Unpublished thesis, Univ.
Celastrus lucidus L. (2) Pretoria.
Gymnosporia lucida (L.) Loes. (3) (3) Archer. 2002. In Schmidt et al., Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 5–275 m. WC and Kruger National Park: 676.
DICOTYLEDONS CELASTRACEAE Maurocenia

aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. aethiopicum PSEUDOSALACIA Codd 4662010

Cassine aethiopica Thunb. (2)
(1) Codd. 1972. Bothalia 10: 565–567.
Cassine pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (2)
Cassine sphaerophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (2) streyi Codd
Cassine velutinum (Harv.) Loes. (2) Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–5 m. Alt 50–366 m. KZN, EC
M. confertiflorum Tul. (2)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 10–1000 m. PTEROCELASTRUS Meisn. 4630000
WC, EC (1) Davison. 1927. Bothalia 2: 321–326.
aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. burkeanum (Sond.) (2) Robson. 1966. FZ 2: 374–376.
R.H.Archer echinatus N.E.Br.
Cassine burkeana (Sond.) Kuntze (3) P. rehmannii Davison (2)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–8 m. Alt 1400–1600 P. variabilis in sense of Sim, misapplied name (2)
m. NW, G, M, FS Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 15 m. Alt 300–1980
aethiopicum (Thunb.) Loes. subsp. schlechteri (Loes.) m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
R.H.Archer galpinii Loes.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–15 m. Alt 10–2000 m. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 6 m. Alt? M, S
LIM, M, S, KZN litoralis Walp. = P. tricuspidatus
confertiflorum Tul. = M. aethiopicum subsp. aethio- rehmannii Davison = P. echinatus
picum rostratus (Thunb.) Walp.
eucleiforme Eckl. & Zeyh. = Robsonodendron euclei- Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–18 m. Alt 60–1900 m. LIM, M,
forme S, KZN, L, WC, EC
maritimum (Bolus) Loes. = Robsonodendron mariti- stenopterus Walp. = P. tricuspidatus
mum tetrapterus Walp. = P. tricuspidatus
oligocarpum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Robsonodendron euclei- tricuspidatus (Lam.) Walp.
forme P. litoralis Walp. (1)
reticulatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. = Lauridia reticu- P. stenopterus Walp. (1)
P. tetrapterus Walp. (1)
lata
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 9 m. Alt 5–1615 m.
PLEUROSTYLIA Wight & Arn. 4646000 KZN, WC, EC
(1) Davison. 1927. Bothalia 2: 342. variabilis in sense of Sim, misapplied name = P. echi-
(2) Archer. 1996. A taxonomic revision of southern African natus
Cassinoideae (Celastraceae): 174–182. Unpublished thesis, Univ.
Pretoria. PUTTERLICKIA Endl. 4628000
africana Loes. = P. capensis (1) Davison. 1927. Bothalia 2: 336–338.
capensis (Turcz.) Loes. (2) Robson. 1966. FZ 2: 356–358.
Cathastrum capense Turcz. (1) (3) Van Wyk & Mostert. 1987. South African Journal of Botany 53:
P. africana Loes. (2) 267–270.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–18 m. Alt 30–1640 m. 322–329.
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
pyracantha (L.) Szyszyl.
Catha campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (1)
PRIONOSTEMMA Miers 4661020 Celastrus campestris Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
(1) Hallé. 1981. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Celastrus obtusus Thunb. (1)
4e sér. 3, sect. B: 7–8. Celastrus pyracanthus L. (1)
delagoensis (Loes.) N.Hallé var. delagoensis Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 5–1525 m. WC, EC
Hippocratea delagoensis Loes. (1) retrospinosa A.E.van Wyk & Mostert
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 3–9 m. Alt 5–460 m. Perennial. Climber. Ht variable. Alt 0–300 m. KZN,
KZN EC
PRISTIMERA Miers 4661040 saxatilis (Burch.) M.Jordaan
Celastrus saxatilis Burch. (4)
(1) Hallé. 1981. Bulletin du Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle Gymnosporia saxatilis (Burch.) Davison (4)
4e sér. 3, sect. B: 5–14.
(2) Robson et al. 1994. FTEA Celastraceae: 57–61. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt? NC
bojeri (Tul.) N.Hallé verrucosa (E.Mey. ex Sond.) Szyszyl.
Hippocratea schlechteri Loes. var. peglerae Loes. (1) Celastrus verrucosus Sond. (1)
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 50–366 m. Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 10–1370 m.
KZN, EC M, S, KZN, EC
longipetiolata (Oliv.) N.Hallé REISSANTIA N.Hallé. 4661090
Hippocratea longipetiolata Oliv. (1)
Hippocratea schlechteri Loes. (1) (1) Robson et al. 1994. FTEA Celastraceae: 51–55.
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 275–1130 buchananii (Loes.) N.Hallé
m. LIM Hippocratea buchananii Loes. (1)
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 1.5–9 m. Alt ± 1500
PSEUDOCASSINE Bredell 4641010 m. B
transvaalensis (Burtt Davy) Bredell = Elaeodendron indica (Willd.) N.Hallé var. orientalis N.Hallé & Mathew
transvaalense Hippocratea indica Willd. (1)
CELASTRACEAE Mystroxylon DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 295–580 alternifolia Hochst. = S. kraussii

m. N, B, LIM gerrardii Harv. ex Sprague
parviflora (N.E.Br.) N.Hallé Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 10–200 m. KZN,
Hippocratea parviflora N.E.Br. (1) EC
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 1–4 m. Alt ?–1030 m. kraussii (Harv.) Harv.
N, B S. alternifolia Hochst. (2)
Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 10–
ROBSONODENDRON R.H.Archer 4642010 200 m. LIM, KZN
(1) Archer & Van Wyk. 1997. South African Journal of Botany 63:
116–122. leptoclada Tul.
S. wardii I.Verd. (2)
eucleiforme (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.H.Archer Perennial. Shrub or liane. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 10–200 m.
Cassine eucleiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (1)
Elaeodendron eucleiforme (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Ettingsh. (1) KZN
Elaeodendron oligocarpum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Ettingsh. (1) luebbertii Loes.
Gymnosporia amapondensis Sim (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 03–0.5 m. Alt 250–600 m.
Maytenus angustifolia (C.Presl ex Sond.) Moll & L.B.Scott (1)
Myrsine gerrardii Harv. & C.H.Wright (1) N, B
Mystroxylon eucleiforme Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) rehmannii Schinz.
Mystroxylon oligocarpum Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 250–1600
Scytophyllum angustifolium C.Presl ex Sond. (1)
m. LIM, G, M, KZN
S, KZN, WC, EC transvaalensis Burtt Davy = Elaeodendron trans-
vaalense
maritimum (Bolus) R.H.Archer
Cassine maritima (Bolus) F.Bolus & L.Bolus (1) wardii I.Verd. = S. leptoclada
Celastrus maritimus Bolus (1)
Gymnosporia apiculata Sim (1) zeyheri Planch. ex Harv. = Elaeodendron zeyheri
Mystroxylon maritimum (Bolus) Loes. (1)
Scytophyllum apiculatum Sond. (1) SCYTOPHYLLUM Eckl. & Zeyh. 4627010
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 10–200 m. WC, EC angustifolium C.Presl ex Sond. = Robsonodendron
eucleiforme
SALACIA L. 4662000
apiculatum Sond. = Robsonodendron maritimum
(1) Verdoorn. 1958. The Flowering Plants of Africa: 32: t. 1270.
(2) Robson. 1966. FZ 2: 391–403. laurinum (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Maytenus oleoides
CELTIDACEAE
CELTIS L. 1898000 rhamnifolia C.Presl, illegitimate name = Rhamnus pri-

(1) Verdoorn. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1210. noides
(2) Polhill. 1964. Kew Bulletin 19: 139–145.
(3) Polhill. 1966. FTEA Ulmaceae: 3–10. CHAETACME Planch. 1906000
(4) Wilmot-Dear. 1991. FZ 9,6: 6–10.
(5) Wiegrefe et al. 1998. Plant Systematics and Evolution 210: (1) Polhill. 1966. FTEA Ulmaceae: 12–14.
249–270. (2) Wilmot-Dear. 1991. FZ 9,6: 1–3.
(6) Wilmot-Dear. 1999. Bothalia 29: 243–247. (3) Wilmot-Dear. 1999. Bothalia 29: 239–241.
africana Burm.f. aristata Planch.

C. kraussiana Bernh. (2) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–13 m. Alt 15–1420 m.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–30 m. Alt 4–2160 m. B, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
durandii Engl. = C. gomphophylla TREMA Lour. 1902000
(1) Polhill. 1966. FTEA Ulmaceae: 10–12.
franksiae N.E.Br. = C. mildbraedii (2) Wilmot-Dear. 1991. FZ 9,6: 3–6.
gomphophylla Baker (3) Wilmot-Dear. 1999. Bothalia 29: 241–243.
C. durandii Engl. (4) guineensis (Schumach. & Thonn.) Ficalho = T. orien-
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–30 m. Alt 2–800 m. KZN, EC talis
kraussiana Bernh. = C. africana orientalis (L.) Blume
mildbraedii Engl. T. guineensis (Schumach. & Thonn.) Ficalho (1)
C. franksiae N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–18 m. Alt 3–1980 m.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–40 m. Alt 10–610 m. S, KZN N, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, EC
DICOTYLEDONS CELASTRACEAE Reissantia

CERATOPHYLLACEAE
CERATOPHYLLUM L. 2516000 muricatum Cham. subsp. muricatum

C. submersum L. subsp. muricatum (Cham.) Wilmot-Dear (2, 4, 6, 7)
(1) Wilmot-Dear. 1985. Kew Bulletin 40: 243–271.
C. submersum L. subsp. muricatum (Cham.) Wilmot-Dear var. echi-
(2) Wilmot-Dear. 1985. FTEA Ceratophyllaceae: 1–5.
natum (A.Gray) Wilmot-Dear (1, 2, 6, 7)
(3) Les. 1986. Systematic Botany 11 549–558.
(4) Les. 1988. Systematic Botany 13: 73–86. Perennial. Hydrophyte: plankton. Ht depending on depth
(5) Les. 1989. Systematic Botany 14: 25–262. of water. Alt ± 5 m. KZN, WC
(6) Wilmot-Dear. 1991. FZ 9: 124–128.
(7) Wilmot–Dear. 1997. Bothalia 27: 125–128.
submersum L. subsp. muricatum (Cham.) Wilmot-Dear
= C. muricatum subsp. muricatum
demersum L. var. demersum
C. demersum L. var. demersum forma demersum (1) submersum L. subsp. muricatum (Cham.) Wilmot-Dear
Perennial. Hydrophyte: plankton. Ht depending on depth var. echinatum (A.Gray) Wilmot-Dear = C. muri-
of water. Alt 1–1700 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S, catum subsp. muricatum
KZN, WC, EC submersum L. subsp. submersum var. submersum
demersum L. var. demersum forma demersum = C. Possibly in South Africa, material too poor for identi-
demersum L. var. demersum fication (7)
CHENOPODIACEAE
ARTHROCNEMUM Moq. 2255000 ATRIPLEX L. 2229000

affine Moss = Sarcocornia natalensis var. natalensis (1) Hall & Clements. 1923. Phylogenetic method: 247, 248.
(2) Aellen. 1940. Botanische Jahrbücher 70: 383–401.
africanum Moss = Sarcocornia natalensis var. natal- (3) Aellen. 1949. Candollea 12: 153–155.
ensis (4) Brückner & Verdoorn. 1957. Bothalia 6: 416–421.
(5) Wilson. 1984. Flora of Australia 4: 84–132.
ambiguum (Micheli) Moq. = Sarcocornia perennis var. (6) Brenan. 1988. FZ 9,1: 144−147.
perennis
albicans Aiton = Manochlamys albicans
capense Moss = Sarcocornia capensis
amboensis Schinz
decumbens Tölken = Sarcocornia decumbens Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? N
dunense Moss = Sarcocornia pillansii var. pillansii campanulata Benth. = A. eardleyae
hottentoticum Moss = Sarcocornia pillansii var. pillansii cinerea Poir. subsp. bolusii (C.H.Wright) Aellen var.
indicum (Willd.) Moq. = Halosarcia indica adamsonii Aellen
littoreum Moss = Sarcocornia littorea Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 600–1100 m. N, WC,
EC
mossianum Tölken = Sarcocornia mossiana
cinerea Poir. subsp. bolusii (C.H.Wright) Aellen var.
namaquense Moss = Sarcocornia pillansii var. pillansii genuina Aellen
natalense (Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.) Moss var. affine Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ± 1500 m. FS,
(Moss) Tölken = Sarcocornia natalensis var. L, NC, WC
affinis *eardleyae Aellen
natalense (Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.) Moss var. natalense A. campanulata Benth. (3)
= Sarcocornia natalensis var. natalensis Annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 145–1000 m.
perenne (Mill.) Moss ex Fourc. = Sarcocornia perennis NC, WC
var. perennis erosa G.Brückn. & I.Verd.
A. laciniata L. (2)
perenne (Mill.) Moss ex Fourc. var. lignosum (Woods) A. rosea C.H.Wright (4)
Moss = Sarcocornia perennis var. lignosa A. tatarica Aellen (4)
pillansii Moss var. dunense (Moss) Tölken = Sarco- Annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.8 m. Alt 427–1420 m.
cornia pillansii var. dunensis FS, EC
pillansii Moss var. pillansii = Sarcocornia pillansii var. farinosa Moq. = A. patula subsp. verreauxii
pillansii glauca C.H.Wright = A. vestita var. appendiculata
terminale Tölken = Sarcocornia terminalis halimoides Lindl. = A. lindleyi subsp. inflata
variiflorum Moss = Sarcocornia perennis var. peren- halimus C.H.Wright = A. vestita var. appendiculata
nis hortensis L.
xerophilum Tölken = Sarcocornia xerophila Annual. Herb. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt? NC
CERATOPHYLLACEAE Ceratophyllum DICOTYLEDONS

inflata F.Muell. = A. lindleyi subsp. inflata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 5–1435 m. N, NW,
laciniata L. = A. erosa FS, NC, WC, EC
lindleyi Moq. subsp. inflata (F.Muell.) Paul G.Wilson vestita (Thunb.) Aellen var. inappendiculata Aellen
A. halimoides Lindl. (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 20–1300 m. FS, NC,
A. inflata F.Muell. (5) WC, EC
Blackiella inflata (F.Muell.) Aellen (5)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.13–0.5 m. Alt 1–1350 m. N, G, FS, BASSIA All. 2239010
NC, WC, EC (1) Botschantzev. 1973. Botanisheskii Zhurnal 58: 1462, 1463.
*lindleyi Moq. subsp. quadripartita Paul G.Wilson (2) Scott. 1978. Feddes Repertorium 89: 106–110.
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? NC, WC diffusa (Thunb.) Kuntze
Chenolea diffusa Thunb. (2)
littoralis C.H.Wright = A. patula subsp. verreauxii Chenopodium sericeum (Aiton) Spreng. (2)
littoralis L. Echinopsilon diffusum (Hornst.) Moq. (2)
Annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.75 m. Alt 30–885 m. Echinopsilon sericeum (Aiton) Moq. (2)
Kochia sericea (Aiton) Schrad. (2)
KZN, WC, EC Salsola diffusa (Hornst.) Thunb. (2)
microphylla Willd. = Exomis microphylla var. micro- Salsola sericea Aiton (2)
phylla Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.3 m. Alt 1–1220 m. N,
*muelleri Benth. KZN, NC, WC, EC
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt dinteri (Botsch.) A.J.Scott
106–1300 m. FS, NC, WC, EC Chenolea dinteri Botsch. (2)
Chenoleoides dinteri (Botsch.) Botsch. (2)
nitens Schkuhr Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.3 m. Alt ± 140 m.
Annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt? FS N, NC
*nummularia Lindl. subsp. nummularia indica (Wight) A.J.Scott
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 20–1350 m. LIM, Kochia indica Wight (2)
NW, G, FS, NC, WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt ± 1340 m. FS
patula L. subsp. austro-africana Aellen salsoloides (Fenzl) A.J.Scott
A. patula L. var. angustifolia Bolus & Wolley-Dod (2) Kochia pubescens Moq. (2)
Annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 5–90 m. Kochia pubescens Moq. var. cinerascens Moq. (2)
KZN, WC Kochia salsoloides Fenzl (2)
Annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.38–1.06 m. Alt 20–1220
patula L. subsp. verreauxii Aellen
A. farinosa Moq. (2) m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC
A. littoralis C.H.Wright (2)
A. verreauxii Moq. (2) *BETA L. 2221000
Annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? KZN (1) Linnaeus. 1753. Species plantarum 1,1: 222.
(2) Ball. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 91, 92.
patula L. var. angustifolia Bolus & Wolley-Dod = A.
patula subsp. austro-africana vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt ± 1130
portulacoides C.H.Wright = A. vestita var. appendicu-
m. WC, EC
lata
rosea C.H.Wright = A. erosa BLACKIELLA Aellen 2229010
rosea L.
inflata (F.Muell.) Aellen = Atriplex lindleyi subsp. in-
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? FS, NC, WC
flata
sarcocarpus Dinter = Manochlamys albicans
semibaccata R.Br. var. appendiculata Aellen CAROXYLON Thunb. 2269010
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.07–0.6 m.
Alt 3–1900 m. N, LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, L, brevifolium St.-Lag. = Salsola aphylla
NC, WC, EC divaricatum Moq. = Salsola capensis
semibaccata R.Br. var. typica Aellen salsola Thunb. = Salsola aphylla
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. tuberculatum Moq. = Salsola tuberculata
Alt 2–1524 m. N, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
tuberculatum Moq. β flavo-virens Moq. = Salsola gem-
*spongiosa F.Muell.
mifera
Annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt up to 1435 m.
FS, NC zeyheri Moq. in part = Salsola contrariifolia
suberecta I.Verd. zeyheri Moq. in part = Salsola zeyheri
NW, G, FS, NC, WC, EC CHENOLEA Thunb. 2238000
tatarica Aellen = A. erosa diffusa Thunb. = Bassia diffusa
verreauxii Moq. = A. patula subsp. verreauxii dinteri Botsch. = Bassia dinteri
vestita (Thunb.) Aellen var. appendiculata Aellen
A. glauca C.H.Wright (2) CHENOLEOIDES (Ulbr.) Botsch. 2238010
A. halimus C.H.Wright (2)
A. portulacoides C.H.Wright (2) dinteri (Botsch.) Botsch. = Bassia dinteri
DICOTYLEDONS CHENOPODIACEAE Atriplex

CHENOPODIUM L. 2223000 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 885–1160 m. N, B,

(1) Wright. 1912. FC 5,1: 435−440. NC
(2) Aellen. 1928. Feddes Repertorium 24: 214. hederiforme (Murr) Aellen var. undulatum Aellen
(3) Aellen. 1932–1933. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesell-
schaft in Basel 44,1: 308–312.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt ± 1370 m. N, LIM,
(4) Brenan. 1954. FTEA Chenopodiaceae: 2–14. M, NC, EC
(5) Aellen. 1967. FSWA 32: 7−11. hircinum Schrad.
(6) Hegi. 1979. Illustrierte Flora von Mittel Europa 3,2: 569−660.
(7) Brenan. 1988. FZ 9,1: 136−144.
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt? M
longidjawense Peter = C. murale var. murale
*album L.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 2–2575 m. N, B, LIM, microphyllum Thunb. = Exomis microphylla var. micro-
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC phylla
album of author, not of L.; Schinz in part = C. hederi- mucronatum Thunb.
C. vulvaria of author, not of L.; Range (5)
forme var. dentatum
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt 15–2561 m. N, B, G, S,
album of author, not of L.; Schinz in part = C. olukon- FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
dae
mucronatum Thunb. subsp. olukondae Murr = C. olu-
amboanum (Murr) Aellen kondae
C. opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz subsp. amboanum
Murr (5) *multifidum L.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt? N Roubieva multifida (L.) Moq. (2)
*ambrosioides L. M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 5–2350 m. N, B, LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC murale L. var. acutidentatum Aellen = C. murale var.
murale
blitum F.Muell. = C. foliosum
*×bontei Aellen *murale L. var. murale
C. longidjawense Peter (4)
C. carinatum R.Br. × C. cristatum F.Muell. (3)
C. murale L. var. acutidentatum Aellen (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt ± 460 m. N, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 10–1900 m. N, B,
*botryodes Sm. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
C. rubrum L. (2)
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.3 m. Alt ± 530 m. olukondae (Murr) Murr
C. album of author, not of L.; Schinz in part (5)
NC, WC C. mucronatum Thunb. subsp. olukondae Murr (5)
botrys of author, not of L.; Schinz = C. schraderianum C. opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz subsp. oluhondae
Murr (5)
*carinatum R.Br. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 940–1350 m. N, B,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 190–1900 m. B, LIM, KZN, NC
opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz subsp. ambo-
carinatum R.Br. × C. cristatum F.Muell. = C. ×bontei anum Murr = C. amboanum
*cristatum F.Muell.
opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz subsp. hederi-
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? LIM, NC
forme Murr = C. hederiforme var. dentatum
foetidum Schrad. = C. schraderianum
opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz subsp. kala-
foetidum Schrad. subsp. gracile Aellen = C. schraderi- charicum Murr = C. hederiforme var. dentatum
anum
opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz subsp. olu-
foetidum Schrad. subsp. pseudomultiflorum Murr = C.
hondae Murr = C. olukondae
schraderianum
foliosum Asch. opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz subsp. petio-
C. blitum F.Muell. (2) lariforme Aellen = C. petiolariforme
C. virgatum Thunb. (2) *opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz var. opuli-
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.35 m. Alt ± 1920 m. M, NC, folium
WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ± 1400 m. B, S, KZN,
*giganteum D.Don NC, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 1–3 m. Alt ± 1525 m. LIM, G, S, FS, petiolariforme (Aellen) Aellen
NC, WC C. opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz subsp. petiolariforme
Aellen (5)
*glaucum L.
C. glaucum L. subsp. marlothianum (Murr) Thell. & Aellen (2) Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt ± 1370 m. N, LIM, NW,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 915–1525 m. NW, FS
G, M, FS, NC, EC phillipsianum Aellen
glaucum L. subsp. marlothianum (Murr) Thell. & Aellen Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–1.8 m. Alt 105–1735 m. LIM,
= C. glaucum NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
hederiforme (Murr) Aellen var. dentatum Aellen *polyspermum L.
C. album of author, not of L.; Schinz in part (5) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 335−1280 m. M
C. opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz subsp. hederiforme
Murr (5) *pumilio R.Br.
C. opulifolium Schrad. ex W.D.J.Koch & Ziz subsp. kalacharicum Annual. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.35 m. Alt 100–1435 m. N, G,
Murr (5) M, KZN, WC, EC
CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium DICOTYLEDONS

rubrum L. = C. botryodes ciliata F.Muell.

*schraderianum Roem. & Schult. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? WC
C. botrys of author, not of L.; Schinz (5) indica Wight = Bassia indica
C. foetidum Schrad. (4)
C. foetidum Schrad. subsp. gracile Aellen (2) pubescens Moq. = Bassia salsoloides
C. foetidum Schrad. subsp. pseudomultiflorum Murr (2) pubescens Moq. var. cinerascens Moq. = Bassia salso-
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.3 m. Alt 425–2335 m. N, B, loides
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
salsoloides Fenzl = Bassia salsoloides
sericeum (Aiton) Spreng. = Bassia diffusa
sericea (Aiton) Schrad. = Bassia diffusa
stellulatum (Benth.) Aellen
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt? NC *tomentosa (Moq.) F.Muell. var. tenuifolia F.Muell.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? NC
virgatum Thunb. = C. foliosum
vulvaria of author, not of L.; Range = C. mucronatum tricophylla Stapf
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.76 m. Alt ± 1405
ECHINOPSILON Moq. 2239000 m. FS, EC
diffusum (Hornst.) Moq. = Bassia diffusa MANOCHLAMYS Aellen 2229020
sericeum (Aiton) Moq. = Bassia diffusa (1) Aellen. 1967. FSWA 32:12.
*EINADIA Raf. 2261010 Vol. 13: 226.
(1) Wilson. 1984. Flora of Australia 4: 161–164. albicans (Aiton) Aellen
Atriplex albicans Aiton (1)
nutans (R.Br.) A.J.Scott subsp. nutans Atriplex sarcocarpus Dinter (1)
Rhagodia nutans R.Br. (1)
Exomis atriplecoides Moq. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt up to 600 m. NW, Exomis oxyrioides of author, not of Fenzl, misapplied name (1)
EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–0.8 m. Alt 5–1000 m. N,
NC, WC, EC
EXOMIS Fenzl ex Moq. 2226000
(1) Aellen. 1940. Botanische Jahrbücher 70: 373–377. RHAGODIA R.Br. 2222000
atriplecoides Moq. = Manochlamys albicans
nutans R.Br. = Einadia nutans subsp. nutans
axyrioides C.H.Wright = E. microphylla var. axyri-
oides ROUBIEVA Moq. 2223010
axyrioides Drège = E. microphylla var. axyrioides
axyrioides Fenzl = E. microphylla var. axyrioides multifida (L.) Moq. = Chenopodium multifidum
microphylla (Thunb.) Aellen var. axyrioides (Fenzl) SALICORNIA L. 2257000
Aellen
E. axyrioides C.H.Wright (1) (1) Tölken. 1967. Bothalia 9: 296−300.
E. axyrioides Drège (1) (2) Brenan. 1988. FZ 9,1: 153, 154.
E. axyrioides Fenzl (1) ambigua Micheli = Sarcocornia perennis var. perennis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 5–1585 m. WC indica (Willd.) Moq. = Halosarcia indica
microphylla (Thunb.) Aellen var. microphylla meyeriana Moss
Atriplex microphylla Willd. (1)
Chenopodium microphyllum Thunb. (1) Annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt 1–60 m. NC,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 2–1385 m. N WC, EC
oxyrioides of author, not of Fenzl, misapplied name = natalensis Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb. = Sarcocornia natal-
Manochlamys albicans ensis var. natalensis
pachystachya Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.
HALOPEPLIS Bunge ex 2249000 Annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1–25 m. KZN
Ung.-Sternb. perennis Mill. = Sarcocornia perennis var. perennis
(1) Adamson . 1950. In Adamson & Salter, Flora of the Cape perrieri A.Chev.
Peninsula: 359.
(2) Scott. 1977. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 75: 372. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt ± 1 m. KZN
(3) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany Suppl. radicans Sm. = Sarcocornia perennis var. perennis
vol. 13: 226.
uniflora Tölken
amplexicaulis (Vahl) Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.12 m. Alt? NW, NC
SALSOLA L. 2269000
HALOSARCIA Peter G.Wilson 2255020 (1) Botschantzev. 1974. Kew Bulletin 29,3: 597–614.
(1) Wilson. 1980. Nuytsia 3,1: 63−65. (2) Botschantzev. 1978. Botanisheskii Zhurnal 63,6: 832–834.
(2) Brenan. 1988. FZ 9,1: 147−149. (3) Botschantzev. 1981. Botanisheskii Zhurnal 66: 1036–1040.
indica (Willd.) Paul G.Wilson (4) Botschantzev. 1983. Botanisheskii Zhurnal 68: 1247–1249.
Arthrocnemum indicum (Willd.) Moq. (2) (5) Wilson. 1984. Flora of Australia 4: 313–317.
Salicornia indica (Willd.) Moq. (2)
acocksii Botsch.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt? N
KOCHIA Roth 2240000 adisca Botsch.
(1) Botschantzev. 1973. Botanisheskii Zhurnal 58: 1462, 1463. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt? FS
DICOTYLEDONS CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium

adversariifolia Botsch. caroxylon Moq. = S. aphylla

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? NC cauliflora Botsch.
aellenii Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? FS, WC ceresica Botsch.
albida Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt? N, NC, columnaris Botsch.
WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt? N
albisepala Aellen contrariifolia Botsch.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt? N Caroxylon zeyheri Moq. in part (1)
angolensis Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt? N, NC
S. flexuosa C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. in part (1) cryptoptera Aellen
S. nollothensis in sense of Aellen in part (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? N, NC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.5 m. Alt? NC, WC
dealata Botsch.
aphylla L.f.
Caroxylon brevifolium St.-Lag. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.6 m. Alt ± 1370 m.
Caroxylon salsola Thunb. (1) WC
S. aphylla L.f. var. canescens Fenzl ex Drège (1) decussata C.A.Sm. ex Botsch.
S. caffra Sparrm. (1)
S. caroxylon Moq. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? NC, WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 60–1405 m. N, B, denudata Botsch.
LIM, FS, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? N
aphylla L.f. var. canescens Fenzl ex Drège = S. aphylla diffusa (Hornst.) Thunb. = Bassia diffusa
aphylla L.f. var. virescens Fenzl ex Drège = S. rabieana dinteri Botsch.
apiciflora Botsch. S. subsericea C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. (1)
S. tuberculata (Moq.) Fenzl var. albida Fenzl ex Drège in part (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt? NC divaricata (Moq.) Moq. = S. capensis
apterygea Botsch. dolichostigma Botsch.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.5 m. Alt? NC, WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt? N
araneosa Botsch. engleri Ulbr. = S. armata
S. candida Fenzl ex Drège (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.5 m. Alt? N, KZN, eriosepala C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. = S. scopiformis
NC esterhuyseniae Botsch.
arborea C.A.Sm. ex Aellen Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? NC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3.5 m. Alt? N, NC etoshensis Botsch.
armata C.A.Sm. ex Aellen Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt? N
S. engleri Ulbr. (1) exalata Botsch.
S. minutiflora C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? FS, NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? N
flexuosa C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. in part = S. angolensis
aroabica Botsch.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? N flexuosa C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. in part = S. luederitzensis
atrata Botsch. flexuosa C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. in part = S. nollothensis
S. globulifera Fenzl (1) flexuosa C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. in part = S. pillansii
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt? NW, NC
garubica Botsch.
auriculata C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. = S. namibica Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? N
australis R.Br. = S. kali geminiflora Fenzl ex C.H.Wright
barbata Aellen Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt? FS, NC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1 m. Alt? N, NC
gemmata Botsch.
bullata Fenzl ex Drège = S. luederitzensis Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt? N
caffra Sparrm. = S. aphylla gemmifera Botsch.
calluna Fenzl ex C.H.Wright Caroxylon tuberculatum Moq. β flavo-virens Moq. (1)
S. nigrescens I.Verd. (1) S. tuberculata in sense of Aellen, misapplied name (1)
S. tuberculata (Moq.) Fenzl var. flavo-virens Fenzl ex Drège (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt ± 1130 m. S. vermiformis C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. (1)
NC, WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.45 m. Alt? FS, NC,
campyloptera Botsch. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.35–0.5 m. Alt? N gemmipara Botsch.
candida Fenzl ex Drège = S. araneosa Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? N, NC
capensis Botsch. giessii Botsch.
Caroxylon divaricatum Moq. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? N
S. divaricata (Moq.) Moq. (1)
S. tuberculata (Moq.) Fenzl var. albida Fenzl ex Drège in part (1) glabra Botsch.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt? NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.45–0.6 m. Alt? N
CHENOPODIACEAE Salsola DICOTYLEDONS

glabrescens Burtt Davy Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt? N, NC

Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt? N, nollothensis in sense of Aellen in Merxm. in part, not of
FS, NC, WC Aellen (1961) in part, misapplied name = S. pil-
glabrescens in sense of Aellen, not of Burtt Davy, mis- lansii
applied name = S. rabieana nollothensis in sense of Aellen in part = S. angolensis
globulifera Fenzl = S. atrata nollothensis in sense of Aellen in part = S. luederitzen-
henriciae I.Verd. sis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 1 m. Alt? FS, NC okaukuejensis Botsch.
hoanibica Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.8 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt? N omaruruensis Botsch.
hottentottica Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt? N parviflora Botsch.
huabica Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.35–0.5 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–2.5 m. Alt? N patentipilosa Botsch.
humifusa A.Brückn. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? NW, FS
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? NW, FS, NC pearsonii Botsch.
inaperta Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt? N, NC phillipsii Botsch.
kalaharica Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt ± 990 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ± 1100 m. N
FS, NC, WC pillansii Botsch.
kali L. S. flexuosa C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. in part (1)
S. australis R.Br. (5) S. nollothensis in sense of Aellen in Merxm. in part, not of Aellen
S. kali L. subsp. austroafricana Aellen (5) (1961) in part, misapplied name (1)
S. ruthenica (Iljin) Soó (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt? N
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? N, NW, G, M, NC, procera Botsch.
WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt? N, NC
kali L. subsp. austroafricana Aellen = S. kali ptiloptera Botsch.
kleinfonteini Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? N, NC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1.2 m. Alt? N rabieana I.Verd.
koichabica Botsch. S. aphylla L.f. var. virescens Fenzl ex Drège (1)
S. glabrescens in sense of Aellen, not of Burtt Davy, misapplied
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.5 m. Alt ± 800 m. N, NC name (1)
luederitzensis Botsch. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt ±
S. bullata Fenzl ex Drège (1) 945 m. N, LIM, NW, G, FS, NC, WC
S. flexuosa C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. in part (1)
S. nollothensis in sense of Aellen in part (1) robinsonii Botsch.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt? N Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt? N, NC
marginata Botsch. ruschii Aellen
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? N Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? N
melanantha Botsch. ruthenica (Iljin) Soó = S. kali
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt? NC schreiberae Botsch.
merxmuelleri Aellen Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–2.5 m. Alt? N, NC, WC scopiformis Botsch.
microtricha Botsch. S. eriosepala C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? NC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt? N
minutiflora C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. = S. armata seminuda Botsch.
minutifolia Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt? WC sericata Botsch.
mirabilis Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.75 m. Alt? N, NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? N sericea Aiton = Bassia diffusa
namaqualandica Botsch. seydelii Botsch.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? N
namibica Botsch. smithii Botsch.
S. auriculata C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? FS, NC
S. zeyheri in sense of Aellen, misapplied name (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt? N spenceri Botsch.
nigrescens I.Verd. = S. calluna Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? N
nollothensis Aellen squarrosula Botsch.
S. flexuosa C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. in part (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? N, NC
DICOTYLEDONS CHENOPODIACEAE Salsola

subsericea C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. = S. dinteri Arthrocnemum natalense (Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.) Moss var. affine
(Moss) Tölken (3)
swakopmundi Botsch. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt? N, NC, WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt? N
natalensis (Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.) A.J.Scott var. nata-
tetramera Botsch. lensis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt? NC, WC Arthrocnemum affine Moss (1)
tuberculata in sense of Aellen, misapplied name = S. Arthrocnemum africanum Moss (1)
Arthrocnemum natalense (Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.) Moss var. natal-
gemmifera ense (1)
tuberculata (Moq.) Fenzl Salicornia natalensis Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb. (1)
Caroxylon tuberculatum Moq. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 1–1525 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.06–0.2 m. Alt 185–2440 N, KZN, NC, WC, EC
m. B perennis (Mill.) A.J.Scott var. lignosa (Woods) O’Cal-
tuberculata (Moq.) Fenzl var. albida Fenzl ex Drège in laghan
part = S. apiciflora Arthrocnemum perenne (Mill.) Moss ex Fourc. var. lignosum
(Woods) Moss (3)
tuberculata (Moq.) Fenzl var. albida Fenzl ex Drège in
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? N, NC, WC,
part = S. capensis
EC
tuberculata (Moq.) Fenzl var. flavo-virens Fenzl ex
perennis (Mill.) A.J.Scott var. perennis
Drège = S. gemmifera Arthrocnemum ambiguum (Micheli) Moq. (1)
tuberculata (Moq.) Fenzl var. tomentosa Aellen = S. Arthrocnemum perenne (Mill.) Moss ex Fourc. (1)
tuberculatiformis Arthrocnemum variiflorum Moss (1)
Salicornia ambigua Micheli (1)
tuberculatiformis Botsch. Salicornia perennis Mill. (1)
S. tuberculata (Moq.) Fenzl var. tomentosa Aellen (1) Salicornia radicans Sm. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 1–55 m.
ugabica Botsch. N, KZN, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? N pillansii (Moss) A.J.Scott var. dunensis (Moss) O’Cal-
unjabica Botsch. laghan
Arthrocnemum pillansii Moss var. dunense (Moss) Tölken (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.8 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? N
verdoorniae Tölken
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt? WC pillansii (Moss) A.J.Scott var. pillansii
Arthrocnemum dunense Moss (1)
vermiformis C.A.Sm. ex Ulbr. = S. gemmifera Arthrocnemum hottentoticum Moss (1)
Arthrocnemum namaquense Moss (1)
warmbadica Botsch. Arthrocnemum pillansii Moss var. pillansii (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? N Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt 5–120 m.
zeyheri (Moq.) Bunge N, NC, WC, EC
Caroxylon zeyheri Moq. in part (1)
terminalis (Tölken) A.J.Scott
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.45–0.6 m. Alt? N, NC, Arthrocnemum terminale Tölken (1)
WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? WC
zeyheri in sense of Aellen, misapplied name = S. nami- xerophila (Tölken) A.J.Scott
bica Arthrocnemum xerophilum Tölken (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ± 260 m. NC, WC
SARCOCORNIA A.J.Scott 2255010
(1) Scott. 1977. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 75: 366–369.
(2) Brenan. 1988. FZ 9,1: 149–153.
SUAEDA Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. 2261000
(3) O’Callaghan & Oliver. 1992. South African Journal of Botany (1) Aellen. 1967. FSWA 32: 20−22.
58,6: 540. (2) Brenan. 1988. FZ 9,1: 154−159.
capensis (Moss) A.J.Scott articulata Aellen
Arthrocnemum capense Moss (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt? N, B
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt up to 60 caespitosa Wolley-Dod
m. WC, EC Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.25
decumbens (Tölken) A.J.Scott m. Alt 5–2350 m. NC, WC, EC
Arthrocnemum decumbens Tölken (1)
fruticosa (L.) Forssk.
WC, EC
N, B, FS, NC, WC, EC
littorea (Moss) A.J.Scott
Arthrocnemum littoreum Moss (1) fruticosa of author, not of (L.) Forssk., misapplied name
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1–30 m. WC, EC = S. plumosa
mossiana (Tölken) A.J.Scott inflata Aellen
Arthrocnemum mossianum Tölken (1) S. maritima Dumort. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt up to 60 m. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.06
WC m. Alt 900–1524 m. N, NC
natalensis (Bunge ex Ung.-Sternb.) A.J.Scott var. affi- maritima Dumort. = S. inflata
nis (Moss) O’Callaghan merxmuelleri Aellen
CHENOPODIACEAE Salsola DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.4–0.7 m. Alt? S. fruticosa of author, not of (L.) Forssk., misapplied name (1)
N, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt
plumosa Aellen 400–1035 m. N, B
CHRYSOBALANACEAE
PARINARI Aubl. 3405000 capensis Harv. var. latifolia Oliv. = P. capensis subsp.
(1) Graham. 1960. FTEA Rosaceae: 48–53. capensis
(2) White. 1976. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique chapelieri Baill. = P. curatellifolia
46: 310–350.
(3) White. 1978. FZ 4: 36–41. curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth.
P. chapelieri Baill. (2)
capensis Harv. subsp. capensis P. curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. subsp. mobola (Oliv.) R.A.Gra-
P. capensis Harv. subsp. latifolia (Oliv.) R.A.Graham (2) ham (2)
P. capensis Harv. var. latifolia Oliv. (2) P. gardineri Hemsl. (2)
P. curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. var. fruticulosa R.E.Fr. (2) P. mobola Oliv. (2)
P. latifolia (Oliv.) Exell (2) Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–20 m. Alt 500–1500 m. N, B,
P. pumila Mildbr. (2)
LIM, M, S
Perennial, occ. annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.3 m.
Alt 900–1200 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN curatellifolia in sense of J.H.Ross = P. capensis subsp.
incohata
capensis Harv. subsp. incohata F.White
P. capensis Harv. subsp. latifolia in sense of R.A.Graham, misap- curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. subsp. mobola (Oliv.)
plied name (2) R.A.Graham = P. curatellifolia
P. curatellifolia in sense of J.H.Ross (2)
curatellifolia Planch. ex Benth. var. fruticulosa R.E.Fr.
Perennial, occ. annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–2.5 m.
= P. capensis subsp. capensis
Alt 0–100 m. KZN
gardineri Hemsl. = P. curatellifolia
capensis Harv. subsp. latifolia in sense of R.A.Graham,
misapplied name = P. capensis subsp. incohata latifolia (Oliv.) Exell = P. capensis subsp. capensis
capensis Harv. subsp. latifolia (Oliv.) R.A.Graham = P. mobola Oliv. = P. curatellifolia
capensis subsp. capensis pumila Mildbr. = P. capensis subsp. capensis
CLUSIACEAE
GARCINIA L. 5199000 G. transvaalensis Burtt Davy (2)

(1) Robson. 1961. FZ 1: 396–404. Perennial. Tree, shrub, Ht 2.43–13 m. Alt 305–1850
(2) Killick & Robson. 1976. FSA 22: 20–23. m. M, S, KZN, EC
d’Afrique tropicale 1: 170, 171. livingstonei T.Anderson
(4) Van Wyk & Van Wyk. 1997. Field guide to trees of southern G. angolensis Vesque (2)
Africa: 316, 360. Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.55–12.24 m. Alt 30–945 m. N, B,
angolensis Vesque = G. livingstonei LIM, M, S, KZN
gerrardii Harv. ex Sim transvaalensis Burtt Davy = G. gerrardii
COMBRETACEAE
COMBRETUM Loefl. 5538000 (7) Exell. 1978. FZ 4: 101–160.

(8) Van Wyk. 1984. South African Journal of Botany 3: 125–134.
(1) Verdoorn. 1945. The Flowering Plants of Africa 25: t. 978. (9) Retief. 1986. Bothalia 16: 44, 45.
(2) Codd. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1230. (10) Vollesen. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 962.
(3) Exell. 1960. Kirkia 7,1: 162–223. (11) Carr & Retief. 1989. Bothalia 19: 38–40.
(4) Exell. 1961. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung (12) Hennessy. 1991. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: t. 2027.
München 4: 3–7. (13) Hennessy. 1991. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: t. 2028.
(5) Exell. 1968. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 42: 15–28.
(6) Wickens. 1973. FTEA Combretaceae: 2–66. acutifolium Exell = misidentified name for FSA plants
DICOTYLEDONS CHENOPODIACEAE Suaeda

adenogonium Steud. ex A.Rich. glomeruliflorum Sond. = C. erythrophyllum

C. fragrans F.Hoffm. (10)
gueinzii Sond. = C. molle
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 4–12 m. Alt? B
hereroense Schinz
albopunctatum Suess. C. hereroense Schinz var. villosissimum Engl. & Diels (7)
Perennial. Shrub, tree or climber. Ht up to 5 m. Alt 30– C. transvaalense Schinz var. villosissimum (Engl. & Diels) Burtt
995 m. N, B Davy (7)
apiculatum Sond. subsp. apiculatum Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–5 m. Alt 30–1465 m. N,
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 4–10 m. Alt 30–1830 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN hereroense Schinz var. villosissimum Engl. & Diels = C.
apiculatum Sond. subsp. leutweinii (Schinz) Exell hereroense
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 4–10 m. Alt 900–1980 m. holosericeum Sond. = C. molle
N, B imberbe Wawra
baumii Engl. & Gilg = C. platypetalum subsp. baumii Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 7–15 m. Alt 185–1650 m.
bracteosum (Hochst.) Brandis N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
Poivrea bracteosa Hochst. (4) kraussii Hochst.
Perennial. Climber, tree or shrub. Ht 1–8 m. Alt 5– Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–12 m. Alt 5–1980 m.
1220 m. KZN, EC LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
caffrum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze mechowianum O.Hoffm. = C. collinum subsp. gazense
C. salicifolium E.Mey. ex Hook. (5)
microphyllum Klotzsch
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 15–762 m. EC C. paniculatum Vent. subsp. microphyllum (Klotzsch) Wickens (7)
celastroides Welw. ex M.A.Lawson subsp. celastroides Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 10–20 m. Alt 18–1220
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–12 m. Alt 30–1150 m. N, B m. LIM, M, S, KZN
celastroides Welw. ex M.A.Lawson subsp. orientale mkuzense J.D.Carr & Retief
Exell Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 4–9 m. Alt 45–152 m. KZN
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 50–120 m. moggii Exell
LIM, KZN Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 433–1550 m.
collinum Fresen. subsp. gazense (Swynn. & Baker f.) LIM, G, M
Okafor molle R.Br. ex G.Don
C. gazense Swynn. & Baker f. (7) C. gueinzii Sond. (7)
C. mechowianum O.Hoffm. (7) C. holosericeum Sond. (7)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–14 m. Alt 0–600 m. N, B, LIM, Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–12 m. Alt 30–1700 m. B, LIM,
M NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN
collinum Fresen. subsp. ondongense (Engl. & Diels) mossambicense (Klotzsch) Engl.
Okafor Perennial. Tree, shrub or climber. Ht 0.2–13 m. Alt
C. ondongense Engl. & Diels (7)
100–1675 m. N, B, LIM, M
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 300–1465 m. N, B
nelsonii Dummer
collinum Fresen. subsp. suluense (Engl. & Diels) Okafor
C. suluense Engl. & Diels (7) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt? LIM, M
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–8 m. Alt 270–1400 m. LIM, M, oatesii Rolfe = C. platypetalum subsp. oatesii
S, KZN ondongense Engl. & Diels = C. collinum subsp. ondon-
collinum Fresen. subsp. taborense (Engl.) Okafor gense
C. taborense Engl. (7)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–12 m. Alt 300–1163 m. LIM, M oxystachyum Welw. ex M.A.Lawson
dinteri Schinz = C. psidioides subsp. dinteri m. N
edwardsii Exell padoides Engl. & Diels
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 0–1435 m. M, Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 30–855 m. M
KZN, EC
paniculatum Vent. subsp. microphyllum (Klotzsch)
elaeagnoides Klotzsch Wickens = C. microphyllum
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 6 m. Alt 915–1005
m. N, B petrophilum Retief
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 977–1000 m.
engleri Schinz LIM, M
N, B platypetalum Welw. ex M.A.Lawson subsp. baumii
(Engl. & Gilg) Exell
erythrophyllum (Burch.) Sond. C. baumii Engl. & Gilg (7)
C. glomeruliflorum Sond. (6)
Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 915–
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–30 m. Alt 15–1525 m. 1400 m. N
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC
platypetalum Welw. ex M.A.Lawson subsp. oatesii
fragrans F.Hoffm. = C. adenogonium (Rolfe) Exell
gazense Swynn. & Baker f. = C. collinum subsp. C. oatesii Rolfe (7)
gazense Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt? B
COMBRETACEAE Combretum DICOTYLEDONS

platypetalum Welw. ex M.A.Lawson subsp. platype- anisoptera (Welw. ex M.A.Lawson) Engl. & Diels, mis-
talum identified name for FSA plants
Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt? N myrtifolia (M.A.Lawson) Engl. & Diels
psidioides Welw. subsp. dinteri (Schinz) Exell Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–22 m. Alt 20–1050 m. B, LIM,
C. dinteri Schinz (7) KZN
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–9 m. Alt 0–1950 m. N
psidioides Welw. subsp. psidioides QUISQUALIS L. 5541000
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 0–1005 m. N, B (1) Wickens. 1973. FTEA Combretaceae: 67–70.
(2) Carr. 1986. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1925.
salicifolium E.Mey. ex Hook. = C. caffrum
parviflora Gerrard ex Sond.
schumannii Engl. Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 45–610 m. KZN,
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–18 m. Alt? N, B EC
suluense Engl. & Diels = C. collinum subsp. suluense
taborense Engl. = C. collinum subsp. taborense TERMINALIA L. 5544000
transvaalense Schinz var. villosissimum Burtt Davy = (2) Killick. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1565.
C. hereroense (3) Wickens. 1973. FTEA Combretaceae: 73–93.
vendae A.E.van Wyk (4) Exell. 1978. FZ 4: 166–181.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt? LIM brachystemma Welw. ex Hiern subsp. brachystemma
wattii Exell Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–8 m. Alt 560–1950 m. N, B,
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 4–6 m. Alt? N LIM
woodii Dummer phanerophlebia Engl. & Diels
Perennial. Tree, shrub or climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 45– Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 50–915 m. M,
1370 m. M, S, KZN S, KZN
zeyheri Sond. prunioides M.A.Lawson
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–12 m. Alt 45–1600 m. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 275–1525 m.
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN N, B, LIM, M
randii Baker f.
LUMNITZERA Willd. 5550000 Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–12 m. Alt 0–1065 m. B
(1) Wickens. 1973. FTEA Combretaceae: 93–95. sericea Burch. ex DC.
(2) Exell. 1978. FZ 4: 181–183.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–16 m. Alt 45–1920 m. N, B,
racemosa Willd. var. racemosa LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 0–50 m. KZN stenostachya Engl. & Diels
POIVREA Comm. 5538010 Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 4–12 m. Alt 275–1000 m.
B
bracteosa Hochst. = Combretum bracteosum
stuhlmannii Engl.
PTELEOPSIS Engl. 5539000 Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–12 m. Alt? N, B
(1) Wickens. 1973. FTEA Combretaceae: 70–73. trichopoda Diels
(2) Exell. 1978. FZ 4: 162–166. Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–9 m. Alt 0–1065 m. N, B
CONNARACEAE
BYRSOCARPUS Thonn. ex 3421000 C. natalensis (Hochst.) Planch. & Sond. (2)

Zanthoxylum natalense Hochst. ex C.Krauss (2)
Schumach.
Perennial. Climber, shrub or tree. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 300–
coccineus in sense of Eyles = Rourea orientalis 1200 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
orientalis (Baill.) Baker = Rourea orientalis
ROUREA Aubl. 3424000
tomentosus G.Schellenb. = Rourea orientalis (1) Mendes. 1966. FZ 2: 622–627.
(2) Jongkind. 1989. Agricultural University Wageningen Papers 89-
CNESTIS Juss. 3428000 6: 310–368.
(1) Mendes. 1966. FZ 2: 615, 616. orientalis Baill.
(2) Lemmens. 1989. Agricultural University Wageningen Papers 89- Byrsocarpus coccineus in sense of Eyles, misapplied name (2)
6: 174–238. Byrsocarpus orientalis (Baill.) Baker (2)
Byrsocarpus tomentosus G.Schellenb. (2)
natalensis (Hochst.) Planch. & Sond. = C. polyphylla Perennial. Climber, shrub or tree. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 200–
polyphylla Lam. 1600 m. N, B
DICOTYLEDONS COMBRETACEAE Combretum

CONVOLVULACEAE
ANISEIA Choisy 6992000 soldanella (L.) R.Br. ex Roem. & Schult.

Convolvulus soldanella L. (1)
calystegioides E.Mey. ex Choisy = Ipomoea crassipes Perennial. Herb, straggler. Length 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 5–10
hackeliana Schinz = Ipomoea hackeliana m. WC
ARGYREIA Lour. 7009000 CERVIA Rodr. 7011000

? laxiflora Baker = Stictocardia laxiflora disperma (L.f.) Hayek = Rochelia disperma
ASTRIPOMOEA A.Meeuse 7000000 CONVOLVULUS L. 6993000

(1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000 FSA 28,1: 35–48.
(1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 66–69.
albivenius Lindl. = Ipomoea albivenia
lachnosperma (Choisy) A.Meeuse
Astrochlaena lachnosperma (Choisy) Hallier f. (1) alceifolius Lam. = C. capensis
Ipomoea lachnosperma Choisy (1) alsinoides L. = Evolvulus alsinoides
Annual. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–1.25 m. Alt 350–2600 m. argillicola Pilg.
N, B Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 1100–1740 m. N
malvacea (Klotzsch) A.Meeuse *arvensis L.
Astrochlaena malvacea (Klotzsch) Hallier f. (1)
Breweria malvacea Klotzsch (1) Perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.75–1.75 m. Alt 5–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.45–2 m. Alt 60– 1660 m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
2240 m. KZN aschersonii Engl.
C. sagittatus Thunb. var. aschersonii (Engl.) Verdc. (1)
rotundata (Pilg.) A.Meeuse
Astrochlaena rotundata Pilg. (1) Perennial. Herb. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 1000–1500 m.
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.4–1.2 m. Alt? N, B LIM, NW, G
bidentatus Bernh. ex C.Krauss
ASTROCHLAENA Hallier f. 7000010 C. hastatus Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–3 m. Alt 30–915
lachnosperma (Choisy) Hallier f. = Astripomoea lach-
m. WC, EC
nosperma
boedeckerianus Peter
malvacea (Klotzsch) Hallier f. = Astripomoea mal-
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 1220–1525 m.
vacea
NW, FS, NC, EC
rotundata Pilg. = Astripomoea rotundata
brasiliensis L. = Ipomoea pes-caprae subsp. brasiliensis
BONAMIA Thouars 6979000 bullerianus Rendle = C. natalensis
(1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 29–31. cairicus L. = Ipomoea cairica
capensis (E.Mey. ex Choisy) Burtt Davy = Seddera calycinus E.Mey. ex Drège = C. natalensis
capensis capensis Burm.f.
schizantha (Hallier f.) A.Meeuse = Seddera schizantha C. alceifolius Lam. (1)
C. capensis Burm.f. var. bowieanus (Rendle) A.Meeuse (1)
suffruticosa (Schinz) Burtt Davy & R.Pott-Leendertz = C. capensis Burm.f. var. plicatus (Desr.) Baker (1)
Seddera suffruticosa C. filiformis Thunb. (1)
velutina Verdc. C. inconspicuus Hallier f. (1)
Ipomoea bowieana (Rendle) Baker
Perennial. Herb, suffrutex. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 100–1070
Perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 60–
m. B, LIM, KZN
765 m. NC, WC, EC
BREWERIA R.Br. 6979020 capensis Burm.f. var. bowieanus (Rendle) A.Meeuse =
C. capensis
capensis (E.Mey. ex Choisy) Baker = Seddera capensis
capensis Burm.f. var. plicatus (Desr.) Baker = C. capensis
malvacea Klotzsch = Astripomoea malvacea
copticus L. = Ipomoea coptica
suffruticosa Schinz = Seddera suffruticosa
cordifolius Thunb. = C. farinosus
CALYCANTHEMUM Klotzsch 7003010 crispus Thunb. = Ipomoea crispa
leucanthemum Klotzsch = Ipomoea leucanthemum dinteri Pilg. = C. ocellatus
dregeanus Choisy
CALYSTEGIA R.Br. 6994000 C. liniformis Rendle (1)
(1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 49–51. Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1280–1675 m.
*sepium (L.) R.Br. NW, G, M, FS, NC, WC, EC
Convolvulus sepium L. (1) farinosus L.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Length 1–3 m. Alt? WC C. cordifolius Thunb. (1)
CONVOLVULACEAE Aniseia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.75–2.5 m. Alt 5– Perennial. Herb. Length 0.3–2 m. Alt 155–2045 m. N,
1890 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
filiformis Thunb. = C. capensis sagittatus Thunb. subsp. grandiflorus (Hallier f.) A.Meeuse
var. graminifolius (Hallier f.) Baker & C.H.Wright
galpinii C.H.Wright
ex A.Meeuse = C. sagittatus
EC sagittatus Thunb. subsp. grandiflorus (Hallier f.) A.Meeuse
var. grandiflorus = C. sagittatus
hastatus Thunb. = C. bidentatus
sagittatus Thunb. subsp. grandiflorus (Hallier f.) A.Meeuse
inconspicuus Hallier f. = C. capensis
var. linearifolius (Hallier f.) Baker & C.H.Wright ex
indicus Burm.f. = Ipomoea indica A.Meeuse = C. sagittatus
linifolius L. = Evolvulus alsinoides sagittatus Thunb. subsp. sagittatus var. hirtellus (Hallier
liniformis Rendle = C. dregeanus f.) A.Meeuse = C. sagittatus
malabaricus L. = Hewittia malabarica sagittatus Thunb. subsp. sagittatus var. namaquensis
multifidus Hallier f. = C. ocellatus A.Meeuse = C. sagittatus
multifidus Thunb. sagittatus Thunb. subsp. sagittatus var. phyllosepalus
C. thunbergii Hallier f. (1) (Hallier f.) A.Meeuse = C. sagittatus
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 1000–1355 sagittatus Thunb. subsp. sagittatus var. ulosepalus (Hal-
m. NW, FS, NC, EC lier f.) Verdc. = C. sagittatus
natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss sagittatus Thunb. var. aschersonii (Engl.) Verdc. = C.
C. bullerianus Rendle (1) aschersonii
C. calycinus E.Mey. ex Drège (1)
C. natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. angustifolia C.H.Wright (1) sepium L. = Calystegia sepium
C. natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. integrifolia C.H.Wright (1)
C. natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. transvaalensis (Schltr.) soldanella L. = Calystegia soldanella
A.Meeuse (1) thunbergii Hallier f. = C. multifidus
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.3–1 m. Alt 10–1950 m. thunbergii Roem. & Schult.
LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, EC Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 610–2620 m.
natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. angustifolia C.H.Wright LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
= C. natalensis trilobus Thunb. = Ipomoea ficifolia
natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. integrifolia C.H.Wright ulosepalus Hallier f. = C. sagittatus
= C. natalensis
wightii Wall. = Ipomoea wightii
natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. transvaalensis (Schltr.)
A.Meeuse = C. natalensis CUSCUTA L. 6968000
nil L. = Ipomoea nil (1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 3–15.
nummularius L. = Evolvulus nummularius africana Willd.
C. alpestris Fourc. (1)
obscurus L. = Ipomoea obscura var. obscura C. capensis Choisy (1)
ocellatus Hook.f. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.03
C. dinteri Pilg. (1) m. Alt 155–900 m. WC, EC
C. multifidus Hallier f. (1)
C. ocellatus Hook.f. var. ornatus (Engl.) A.Meeuse (1) alpestris Fourc. = C. africana
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 950–1695 m. angulata Engelm.
N, B, NW, G, FS, NC C. falkiiformis Schltr. (1)
ocellatus Hook.f. var. ornatus (Engl.) A.Meeuse = C. Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. Alt 30–765
ocellatus m. WC
oenotherae Vatke = Ipomoea oenotherae appendiculata Engelm.
C. appendiculata Engelm. var. macroflora Yunck. (1)
oenotheroides L.f. = Ipomoea oenotheroides
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.04 m. Alt 45–1730
ochraceus Lindl. = Ipomoea ochracea var. ochracea m. M, FS, NC, WC, EC
purpureus L. = Ipomoea purpurea appendiculata Engelm. var. macroflora Yunck. = C.
sagittatus Thunb. appendiculata
C. sagittatus Thunb. subsp. grandiflorus (Hallier f.) A.Meeuse var. gra-
minifolius (Hallier f.) Baker & C.H.Wright ex A.Meeuse (1) australis R.Br.
C. sagittatus Thunb. subsp. grandiflorus (Hallier f.) A.Meeuse var. C. obtusiflora Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth var. cordofana Engelm. (1)
grandiflorus (1) Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.04 m. Alt? B, LIM,
C. sagittatus Thunb. subsp. grandiflorus (Hallier f.) A.Meeuse var. G
linearifolius (Hallier f.) Baker & C.H.Wright ex A.Meeuse (1)
C. sagittatus Thunb. subsp. sagittatus var. hirtellus (Hallier f.) balansae Boiss. & Reut. var. mossamedensis (Hiern)
A.Meeuse (1) Yunck. = C. planiflora var. planiflora
C. sagittatus Thunb. subsp. sagittatus var. namaquensis A.Meeuse (1)
C. sagittatus Thunb. subsp. sagittatus var. phyllosepalus (Hallier f.) bifurcata Yunck.
A.Meeuse (1) Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.04 m. Alt ?–1370
C. sagittatus Thunb. subsp. sagittatus var. ulosepalus (Hallier f.) m. WC, EC
Verdc. (1)
C. ulosepalus Hallier f. (1) *campestris Yunck.
DICOTYLEDONS CONVOLVULACEAE Convolvulus

Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.02–0.2 m. Alt 85–2125 m. EVOLVULUS L. 6973000

B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC (1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 22–24.
capensis Choisy = C. africana alsinoides (L.) L.
cassytoides Engelm. Convolvulus alsinoides L. (1)
C. timorensis Engelm. (1) Convolvulus linifolius L. (1)
E. alsinoides (L.) L. var. linifolius (L.) Baker (1)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.02–0.2 m.
Alt 5–1525 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 5–
1650 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC
cucullata Yunck. = C. gerrardii
alsinoides (L.) L. var. linifolius (L.) Baker = E. alsi-
*epithymum Murray noides
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. Alt ?–1280 m.
G, M, EC capensis E.Mey. ex Choisy = Seddera capensis
epitribulum Schinz = C. hyalina nummularius (L.) L.
Convolvulus nummularius L. (1)
falkiiformis Schltr. = C. angulata Perennial. Herb. Length 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 25–320 m. S,
gerrardii Baker KZN
C. cucullata Yunck. (1)
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt 600–1370 FALKIA Thunb. 6972000
m. KZN (1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 19–21.
hyalina Roth dichondroides Baker = F. repens
C. epitribulum Schinz (1)
diffusa (Choisy) Hallier f. = F. repens
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt? N, LIM,
NC oblonga Bernh. ex C.Krauss
kilimanjari Oliv. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, EC
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.1 m.
Alt 945–1325 m. LIM repens Thunb.
F. dichondroides Baker (1)
madagascarensis Yunck. = C. planiflora var. madagas- F. diffusa (Choisy) Hallier f. (1)
carensis F. villosa Hallier f. (1)
medicaginis C.H.Wright = C. suaveolens Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt 5–1220 m. WC,
natalensis Baker EC
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.15 m. Alt 400–1100 villosa Hallier f. = F. repens
m. KZN, EC
HEWITTIA Wight & Arn. 6995000
nitida Choisy
Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. Alt 30–
1070 m. WC bicolor (Vahl) Wight & Arn. = H. malabarica
obtusiflora Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth var. cordofana malabarica (L.) Suresh
Convolvulus malabaricus L. (1)
Engelm. = C. australis H. bicolor (Vahl) Wight & Arn. (1)
planiflora Ten. var. madagascarensis (Yunck.) Verdc. H. scandens (Milne) Mabb. (1)
C. madagascarensis Yunck. (1) H. sublobata (L.f.) Kuntze (1)
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt? LIM Perennial. Herb, climber. Length 1–3 m. Alt 5–945 m.
planiflora Ten. var. mossamedensis Hiern = C. planiflo- LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
ra var. planiflora scandens (Milne) Mabb. = H. malabarica
planiflora Ten. var. planiflora sublobata (L.f.) Kuntze = H. malabarica
C. balansae Boiss. & Reut. var. mossamedensis (Hiern) Yunck. (1)
C. planiflora Ten. var. mossamedensis Hiern (1) IPOMOEA L. 7003000
C. pretoriana Yunck. (1)
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt? N, G (2) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1201.
pretoriana Yunck. = C. planiflora var. planiflora (3) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1203.
*suaveolens Ser. (5) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1217A.
C. medicaginis C.H.Wright (1) (6) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1217B.
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt ?–1695 m. (7) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1221.
G, M, EC (8) Meeuse. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1222.
timorensis Engelm. = C. cassytoides (10) Meeuse. 1959. The Flowering Plants of Africa 33: t. 1301.
DICHONDRA J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. 6971000 (12) Welman et al. 1999. Flowering Plants of Africa 56: t. 2157.
(1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 16–18. (13) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 70–120.
micrantha Urb. acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. = I. indica

D. repens of authors, not of J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. (1) adenioides Schinz (12)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.1 m. Alt 5–1715 m. LIM, I. marlothii Engl. (13)
NW, G, M, KZN Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 400–
repens of authors, not of J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. = D. 1100 m. N, B, LIM, G, M
micrantha *alba L.
CONVOLVULACEAE Cuscuta DICOTYLEDONS

Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–5 m. consimilis Schulze-Menz

Alt 5–700 m. M, KZN, EC I. urbaniana in sense of J.H.Ross, not of (Dammer) Hallier f. (13)
Perennial. Climber, subshrub. Length 0.5–5 m. Alt 15–
albivenia (Lindl.) Sweet
Convolvulus albivenius Lindl. (13) 100 m. KZN
I. gerrardii Hook.f. (13) contorta Choisy = I. crispa
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 45–1700 m. convolvuloides Hallier f. = I. transvaalensis
LIM, M, S, KZN
coptica (L.) Roth ex Roem. & Schult. (5)
angustifolia Jacq. = Xenostegia tridentata subsp. an- Convolvulus copticus L. (13)
gustifolia I. dissecta Willd. (13)
angustisecta Engl. = I. bolusiana Annual. Herb, climber. Length 0.15–1.5 m. Alt 245–
1150 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, KZN
aquatica Forssk.
I. natans Dinter & Suess. (13) coscinosperma Hochst. ex Choisy
I. reptans Roem. & Schult. (13) Annual. Herb. Length 0.3–3 m. Alt 120–1065 m. N, B,
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb. Length 0.3–3 m. Alt 5– LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
1050 m. N, B, KZN crassipes Hook.
arachnosperma Welw. = I. dichroa Aniseia calystegioides E.Mey. ex Choisy (13)
I. bellecomans Rendle (13)
argyreoides Choisy = I. oenotheroides I. greenstockii Rendle (13)
atherstonei Baker = I. oblongata I. sarmentacea Rendle (13)
barrettii Rendle = I. oenotheroides Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–0.75 m. Alt 15–2100 m.
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
bathycolpos Hallier f.
I. bathycolpos Hallier f. var. sinuatodentata Hallier f. (13) crispa (Thunb.) Hallier f.
Convolvulus crispus Thunb. (13)
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 795–1735 m. I. contorta Choisy (13)
LIM, NW, G, M, FS I. undulata Baker ex Baker & C.H.Wright (13)
bathycolpos Hallier f. var. sinuatodentata Hallier f. = I. Perennial. Herb. Length 0.25–0.75 m. Alt 545–800 m.
bathycolpos EC
bellecomans Rendle = I. crassipes dammarana Rendle = I. verbascoidea
bipinnatipartita Engl. = Merremia bipinnatipartita dasysperma Jacq. = I. tuberculata
bisavium A.Meeuse (11) dichroa Choisy (3)
Perennial. Climber. Length 0.5–7 m. Alt 1050–1100 I. arachnosperma Welw. (13)
m. LIM Annual. Climber. Length 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 70–1220 m.
blepharosepala Hochst. ex A.Rich. = I. sinensis subsp. N, B, LIM, G, M, S
blepharosepala digitata in sense of A.Meeuse, not of L. = I. mauritiana
bolusiana Schinz dinteri Schulze-Menz = I. lapathifolia
I. angustisecta Engl. (13)
I. bolusiana Schinz var. pinnatipartita Verdc. (13) dissecta Willd. = I. coptica
I. mesenterioides Hallier f. (13) eenii Rendle = I. magnusiana
I. praetermissa Rendle (13)
I. simplex of author, not of Thunb.; Hook. (13) eriocarpa R.Br.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Length 0.2–3 m. Alt Annual. Herb, climber. Length 1–2 m. Alt 275–915 m.
45–1525 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, B, LIM, G, M
NC fanshawei Verdc.
bolusiana Schinz var. pinnatipartita Verdc. = I. bolu- Perennial. Herb. Length 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 1000–1100 m.
siana B
bowieana (Rendle) Baker = Convolvulus capensis ficifolia Lindl.
Convolvulus trilobus Thunb. (13)
cairica (L.) Sweet Perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–2.5 m. Alt
Convolvulus cairicus L. (13)
5–1220 m. S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 5–975
m. B, LIM, M, S, KZN, EC fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy = I. carnea subsp. fistulosa
calcarata N.E.Br. = I. tuberculata fragilis Choisy = I. obscura var. obscura
cardiosepala Hochst. ex Baker & C.H.Wright = I. fulvicaulis (Hochst. ex Choisy) Boiss. ex Hallier f. var.
sinensis subsp. blepharosepala fulvicaulis
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–2 m. Alt 1500–1700 m.
carnea Jacq. subsp. fistulosa (Mart. ex Choisy) N, B
D.F.Austin
I. fistulosa Mart. ex Choisy (13) gerrardiana Rendle = I. purpurea
Perennial. Shrub, scrambler. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 300– gerrardii Hook.f. = I. albivenia
1300 m. LIM, M, KZN gracilisepala Rendle (6)
chloroneura Hallier f. I. xiphosepala Baker (13)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.45 m. Alt 915–1525 m. N, B, Annual. Herb. Length 0.3–1 m. Alt 640–1525 m. LIM,
LIM NW, G, M
congesta R.Br. = I. indica greenstockii Rendle = I. crassipes
DICOTYLEDONS CONVOLVULACEAE Ipomoea

hackeliana (Schinz) Hallier f. oblongata E.Mey. ex Choisy (10)

Aniseia hackeliana Schinz (13) I. atherstonei Baker (13)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 855–1200 m. N, B, I. lambtoniana Rendle (13)
LIM, NC Turbina oblongata (E.Mey. ex Choisy) A.Meeuse (13)
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 245–2045 m. N,
hederacea of authors, not of Jacq. = I. nil B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
heptaphylla in sense of A.Meeuse, not of (Roxb.) Voigt obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. var. fragilis (Choisy) A.Meeuse
= I. tenuipes = I. obscura var. obscura
hochstetteri House (1) obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. var. obscura (8)
I. kwebensis N.E.Br. (13) Convolvulus obscurus L. (13)
I. quinquefolia Hochst. ex Hallier f. (13) I. fragilis Choisy (13)
Annual. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–3 m. Alt 795–1220 I. obscura (L.) Ker Gawl. var. fragilis (Choisy) A.Meeuse (13)
m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S Perennial. Herb. Length 0.5–3 m. Alt 120–1830 m. N,
holubii Baker (9) B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC
Turbina holubii (Baker) A.Meeuse (13) ochracea (Lindl.) G.Don var. ochracea (7)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 580–1675 m. N, Convolvulus ochraceus Lindl. (13)
B, LIM, NW, M Perennial. Herb. Length 0.5–5 m. Alt 500–1525 m. B
inamoena Pilg. = I. welwitschii oenotherae (Vatke) Hallier f.
*indica (Burm.f.) Merr. Convolvulus oenotherae Vatke (13)
Convolvulus indicus Burm.f. (13) I. petunioides Baker (13)
I. acuminata (Vahl) Roem. & Schult. (13) Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 500–1615 m.
I. congesta R.Br. (13) N, B, LIM, NW, G
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–3 oenotheroides (L.f.) Raf. ex Hallier f.
m. Alt 5–1215 m. G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Convolvulus oenotheroides L.f. (13)
involucrata P.Beauv. I. argyreoides Choisy (13)
I. barrettii Rendle (13)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–4 Turbina oenotheroides (L.f.) A.Meeuse (13)
m. Alt 1220–1370 m. LIM Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 460–1560 m. N,
kentrocaulos C.B.Clarke = Merremia kentrocaulos NW, G, FS, KZN, NC, EC
kwebensis N.E.Br. = I. hochstetteri ommaneyi Rendle
lachnosperma Choisy = Astripomoea lachnosperma Perennial. Herb. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 915–1735 m. B,
lambtoniana Rendle = I. oblongata LIM, NW, G, M, FS
lapathifolia Hallier f. (4) otjikangensis Pilg. & Dinter = I. magnusiana
I. dinteri Schulze-Menz (13) ovata E.Mey. ex Rendle = I. pellita
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.3–3 m. Alt 155–610 m. B, papilio Hallier f.
LIM, M, S Perennial. Herb. Length 0.3–3 m. Alt 400–2100 m. B,
leucanthemum (Klotzsch) Hallier f. LIM, NW, G, M, S
Calycanthemum leucanthemum Klotzsch (13)
pellita Hallier f.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Length 0.3–0.8 m. Alt? I. ovata E.Mey. ex Rendle (13)
N, B Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–2 m. Alt 60–1700 m. M,
lugardi N.E.Br. = I. magnusiana S, FS, KZN, L, EC
magnusiana Schinz (2) pes-caprae (L.) R.Br. subsp. brasiliensis (L.) Ooststr.
I. eenii Rendle (13) Convolvulus brasiliensis L. (13)
I. lugardi N.E.Br. (13) Perennial. Herb. Length 2–30 m. Alt 3–50 m. KZN,
I. magnusiana Schinz var. eenii (Rendle) A.Meeuse (13) WC, EC
I. otjikangensis Pilg. & Dinter (13)
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–3 m. Alt 260–1585 m. N, pes-tigridis L. var. africana Hallier f. = I. pes-tigridis
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC var. pes-tigridis
magnusiana Schinz var. eenii (Rendle) A.Meeuse = I. pes-tigridis L. var. pes-tigridis
I. pes-tigridis L. var. africana Hallier f. (13)
magnusiana Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 915–
malvaefolia (Rendle) Baker = Merremia malvaefolia 1735 m. N, B, M
marlothii Engl. = I. adenioides petunioides Baker = I. oenotherae
mauritiana Jacq. pileata Roxb.
I. digitata in sense of A.Meeuse, not of L. (13) Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–3 m.
Perennial. Climber. Length 0.5–5 m. Alt 25–120 m. Alt ?–900 m. N, B, M
KZN pinnata Hochst. ex Choisy = Merremia pinnata
mesenterioides Hallier f. = I. bolusiana plantaginea (Choisy) Hallier f. = I. simplex
natans Dinter & Suess. = I. aquatica plebeia R.Br. subsp. africana A.Meeuse
*nil (L.) Roth Annual. Herb, climber. Length 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 5–1220
Convolvulus nil L. (13) m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN
I. hederacea of authors, not of Jacq. (13)
Annual. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 1000– praetermissa Rendle = I. bolusiana
1525 m. N pterygocaulos Choisy = Merremia pterygocaulos
CONVOLVULACEAE Ipomoea DICOTYLEDONS

*purpurea (L.) Roth urbaniana in sense of J.H.Ross, not of (Dammer)

Convolvulus purpureus L. (13) Hallier f. = I. consimilis
I. gerrardiana Rendle (13)
Annual. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 650–1340 m. verbascoidea Choisy
I. dammarana Rendle (13)
LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 490–1525
quinquefolia Hochst. ex Hallier f. = I. hochstetteri m. N, B
quinquefolia Hochst. ex Hallier f. var. pubescens Baker verecunda (Rendle) N.E.Br. = Merremia verecunda
= Merremia verecunda welwitschii Vatke ex Hallier f.
reptans Roem. & Schult. = I. aquatica I. inamoena Pilg. (13)
riparia G.Don = I. rubens
N, B
robertsiana Rendle
I. uncinata Hutch. (13) wightii (Wall.) Choisy
Convolvulus wightii Wall. (13)
Turbina robertsiana (Rendle) A.Meeuse (13)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Length 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 1130–1370 Perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–3 m. Alt 5–1920
m. LIM, M m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
rubens Choisy xiphosepala Baker = I. gracilisepala
I. riparia G.Don (13)
Perennial. Climber. Length 0.5–4 m. Alt 980–1030 m. JACQUEMONTIA Choisy 6991000
N, B (1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 32–34.
sarmentacea Rendle = I. crassipes capitata (Desr.) G.Don = J. tamnifolia

tamnifolia (L.) Griseb.
shirambensis Baker Ipomoea tamnifolia L. (1)
Perennial. Climber. Length 0.5–7.5 m. Alt 520–945 m. J. capitata (Desr.) G.Don (1)
B, LIM Annual. Herb, climber. Length 0.25–0.85 m. Alt 10–
shirensis Oliv. = Paralepistemon shirensis 1050 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN
simplex of author, not of Thunb.; Hook. = I. bolusiana MERREMIA Dennst. 6997000
simplex Thunb. (1) Meeuse. 1955. The Flowering Plants of Africa 30: t. 1193.
I. plantaginea (Choisy) Hallier f. (13) (2) Meeuse. 1955. The Flowering Plants of Africa 30: t. 1194.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.2 m. Alt 5–1980 m. LIM, (3) Meeuse. 1957. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1245.
G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC (4) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 55–62.
sinensis (Desr.) Choisy subsp. blepharosepala (Hochst. bipinnatipartita (Engl.) Hallier f.

Ipomoea bipinnatipartita Engl. (4)
ex A.Rich.) Verdc. ex A.Meeuse
I. blepharosepala Hochst. ex A.Rich. (13) Perennial. Herb. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 410–1300 m. N
I. cardiosepala Hochst. ex Baker & C.H.Wright (13) guerichiana Engl. ex Hallier f. = M. guerichii
Annual. Herb, climber. Length 0.3–2 m. Alt 5–1450 guerichii A.Meeuse
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC M. guerichiana Engl. ex Hallier f. (4)
stenosiphon Hallier f. Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt 50–700 m. N
Turbina stenosiphon (Hallier f.) A.Meeuse (13) kentrocaulos (C.B.Clarke) Rendle (2)
Perennial. Climber. Length 0.5–10 m. Alt 610–1100 Ipomoea kentrocaulos C.B.Clarke (4)
m. LIM Operculina kentrocaulos (C.B.Clarke) Hallier f. (4)
suffruticosa Burch. Perennial. Climber. Length 1–15 m. Alt 200–1300 m.
Turbina suffruticosa (Burch.) A.Meeuse (13) B, LIM, M
Perennial. Suffrutex. Length 0.3–1 m. Alt 1150–1950 malvaefolia Rendle
m. N, NW, NC Ipomoea malvaefolia (Rendle) Baker (4)
Annual? Herb. Ht? Alt? EC
tamnifolia L. = Jacquemontia tamnifolia
multisecta Hallier f.
tenuipes Verdc.
I. heptaphylla in sense of A.Meeuse, not of (Roxb.) Voigt (13) Perennial. Herb. Length 0.5–1.5 m. Alt ?–500 m. N
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–1 palmata Hallier f. (3)
m. Alt 360–1200 m. N, B, LIM, M Perennial. Herb. Length 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 120–1450 m.
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S
tetraptera Baker = Merremia pterygocaulos
pinnata (Hochst. ex Choisy) Hallier f.
transvaalensis A.Meeuse Ipomoea pinnata Hochst. ex Choisy (4)
I. convolvuloides Hallier f. (13)
Annual. Herb, climber. Length 0.25–0.75 m. Alt 350–
Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–1 m. Alt 1035–1550 m. 1220 m. N, B, LIM, M
LIM, NW, G
pterygocaulos (Choisy) Hallier f.
tuberculata Ker Gawl. Ipomoea pterygocaulos Choisy (4)
I. calcarata N.E.Br. (13) Ipomoea tetraptera Baker (4)
I. dasysperma Jacq. (13)
Perennial. Climber, shrub. Length 1–3 m. Alt 30–915
Annual. Herb, climber. Length 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 900– m. B, KZN, EC
1200 m. N, B
tridentata (L.) Hallier f. subsp. angustifolia (Jacq.) Ooststr.
uncinata Hutch. = I. robertsiana var. angustifolia = Xenostegia tridentata subsp.
undulata Baker ex Baker & C.H.Wright = I. crispa angustifolia
DICOTYLEDONS CONVOLVULACEAE Ipomoea

verecunda Rendle (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt 100–
Ipomoea quinquefolia Hochst. ex Hallier f. var. pubescens Baker (4) 1350 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, NC
Ipomoea verecunda (Rendle) N.E.Br. (4)
Annual. Herb. Length 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 885–1635 m. N, STICTOCARDIA Hallier f. 7010000
B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC (1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 124–126.
METAPORANA N.E.Br. 6979010 laxiflora (Baker) Hallier f.

Argyreia ?laxiflora Baker (1)
angolensis N.E.Br. = Seddera schizantha S. laxiflora (Baker) Hallier f. var. woodii (N.E.Br.) Verdc. (1)
laxiflora (Baker) Hallier f. var. woodii (N.E.Br.) Verdc.
OPERCULINA S.Manso 6999000 = S. laxiflora
kentrocaulos (C.B.Clarke) Hallier f. = Merremia ken- Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 15–45 m.
trocaulos KZN
PARALEPISTEMON Lejoly & 7003020 TURBINA Raf. 7008010

Lisowski holubii (Baker) A.Meeuse = Ipomoea holubii
oblongata (E.Mey. ex Choisy) A.Meeuse = Ipomoea
shirensis (Oliv.) Lejoly & Lisowski oblongata
Ipomoea shirensis Oliv. (1)
Turbina shirensis (Oliv.) A.Meeuse (1) oenotheroides (L.f.) A.Meeuse = Ipomoea oenotheroi-
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 60–1100 m. des
LIM robertsiana (Rendle) A.Meeuse = Ipomoea robertsiana
shirensis (Oliv.) A.Meeuse = Paralepistemon shirensis
SEDDERA Hochst. 6978000
(1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 25–28. stenosiphon (Hallier f.) A.Meeuse = Ipomoea stenosi-
phon
capensis (E.Mey. ex Choisy) Hallier f.
Bonamia capensis (E.Mey. ex Choisy) Burtt Davy (1) suffruticosa (Burch.) A.Meeuse = Ipomoea suffruticosa
Breweria capensis (E.Mey. ex Choisy) Baker (1)
Evolvulus capensis E.Mey. ex Choisy (1) XENOSTEGIA D.F.Austin & 6997010
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 70–1930 m. B, Staples
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC (1) Meeuse & Welman. 2000. FSA 28,1: 63–65.
schizantha Hallier f. tridentata (L.) D.F.Austin & Staples subsp. angustifo-
Bonamia schizantha (Hallier f.) A.Meeuse (1) lia (Jacq.) Lejoly & Lisowski
Metaporana angolensis N.E.Br. (1) Ipomoea angustifolia Jacq. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1000–1200 m. N Merremia tridentata (L.) Hallier f. subsp. angustifolia (Jacq.) Ooststr.
suffruticosa (Schinz) Hallier f. var. angustifolia (1)
Bonamia suffruticosa (Schinz) Burtt Davy & R.Pott-Leendertz (1) Perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 10–1650 m. N,
Breweria suffruticosa Schinz (1) B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC
CORNACEAE
CURTISIA Aiton 6156000 dentata (Burm.f.) C.A.Sm.

(1) Cannon. 1978. FZ 4: 635–637. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–20 m. Alt 60–3050 m.
(2) Marais. 1985. Kew Magazine 2: 368. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
CRASSULACEAE
Compiled by P.M. Burgoyne, Tylecodon by P.V. Bruyns
ADROMISCHUS Lem. 3175000 A. pulchellus Hutchison (4)

A. subrubellus Poelln. (4)
(1) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: tt. 325, 328. A. triebneri Poelln. (6)
(2) Tölken. 1978. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: t. 1776. Cotyledon alstonii Schönland & Baker f. (4)
(3) Tölken. 1982. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1849.
(4) Tölken. 1985. FSA 14: 37–60. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m, ± 0.25
(5) Bruyns. 1992. South African Journal of Botany 58: 50–55. m when in flower. Alt 600–1300 m. N, NC
(6) Pilbeam et al. 1998. The cactus file handbook 3, Adromischus:
1–104. alveolatus Hutchison = A. marianiae var. immaculatus
alstonii (Schönland & Baker f.) C.A.Sm. antidorcadum Poelln. = A. marianiae var. immaculatus
CONVOLVULACEAE Merremia DICOTYLEDONS

antidorcatum Airy Shaw = A. marianiae var. immacu- festivus C.A.Sm. = A. cooperi

latus filicaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.A.Sm. = A. filicaulis subsp.
bicolor Hutchison filicaulis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.08–0.12 m. Alt filicaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.A.Sm. subsp. filicaulis
400–800 m. EC A. filicaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.A.Sm. (4)
A. fragilis Hutchison (6)
blosianus Hutchison = A. marianiae var. kubusensis A. fragilis Hutchison var. numeesensis Hutchison (6)
bolusii (Schönland) A.Berger = A. caryophyllaceus A. fusiformis (Rolfe) A.Berger (6)
A. kleinioides C.A.Sm. (6)
caryophyllaceus (Burm.f.) Lem. A. mamillaris (L.f.) Lem. var. filicaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) H.Jacobsen,
A. bolusii (Schönland) A.Berger (4) illegitimate name (6)
A. grandiflorus Uitewaal (6) A. mamillaris (L.f.) Lem. var. fusiformis (Rolfe) H.Jacobsen, ille-
A. jasminiflorus (Salm-Dyck) Lem. (4) gitimate name (6)
Cotyledon bolusii Schönland (4) A. mamillaris (L.f.) Lem. var. rubra Poelln. (6)
Cotyledon caryophyllacea Burm.f. (4) Cotyledon filicaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
Cotyledon jasminiflora Salm-Dyck (4) Cotyledon fusiformis (Rolfe) A.Berger (6)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m, ± 0.35 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.35 m. Alt
m when in flower. Alt 150–700 m. WC 600–1500 m. N, NC, WC
casmithianus Poelln. = A. marianiae var. hallii filicaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.A.Sm. subsp. marlothii
clavifolius (Haw.) Lem. = A. cristatus var. clavifolius (Schönland) Tölken
A. mamillaris in sense of A.Berger, not of (L.f.) Lem. (6)
cooperi (Baker) A.Berger (3) A. mamillaris in sense of C.A.Sm., not of (L.f.) Lem. (6)
A. cooperi Baker var. immaculata Schönland & Baker f. (6) A. mamillaris in sense of Poelln., not of (L.f.) Lem. (6)
A. cuneatus Poelln. (6) A. mamillaris (L.f.) Lem. var. marlothii (Schönland) H.Jacobsen (6)
A. festivus C.A.Sm. (4) A. marlothii (Schönland) A.Berger (6)
A. halesowensis Uitewaal (6) A. tricolor C.A.Sm. (6)
A. pachylophus C.A.Sm. (6) Cotyledon mammilaris in sense of Harv. in part, not of (L.f.) Lam.,
Cotyledon cooperi Baker var. immaculata Schönland & Baker f. (4) misapplied name (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m, 0.25– Cotyledon marlothii Schönland (4)
0.35 m when in flower. Alt 700–1500 m. WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.35 m. Alt 200–
cooperi Baker var. immaculata Schönland & Baker f. = 1600 m. NC, WC, EC
A. cooperi filicaulis subsp. marlothii × A. maculatus, putative
cristatus (Haw.) Lem = A. cristatus var. cristatus hybrid (4)
filicaulis subsp. marlothii × A. triflorus, putative
cristatus (Haw.) Lem. var. clavifolius (Haw.) Tölken
A. clavifolius (Haw.) Lem. (6) hybrid (4)
A. kesselringianus Poelln. (6) fragilis Hutchison = A. filicaulis subsp. filicaulis
A. nussbaumerianus (Poelln.) Poelln. (6)
A. poellnitzianus Werderm. (4) fragilis Hutchison var. numeesensis Hutchison = A. fili-
Cotyledon clavifolia Haw. (6) caulis subsp. filicaulis
Cotyledon nussbaumeriana Poelln. (4) fusiformis (Rolfe) A.Berger = A. filicaulis subsp. fili-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.04 m. caulis
Alt 50–500 m. EC geyeri Hutchison = A. marianiae var. kubusensis
cristatus (Haw.) Lem. var. cristatus grandiflorus Uitewaal = A. caryophyllaceus
A. cristatus (Haw.) Lem. (4)
Cotyledon cristata Haw. (4) halesowensis Uitewaal = A. cooperi
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.04 m. hallii Hutchison = A. marianiae var. hallii
Alt 100–1600 m. WC, EC hemisphaericus (L.) Lem.
cristatus (Haw.) Lem. var. schonlandii (E.Phillips) A. rotundifolius (Haw.) C.A.Sm. (6)
A. rotundifolius Poelln. (4)
Tölken Cotyledon crassifolia Salisb. (6)
A. schonlandii (E.Phillips) Poelln. (6) Cotyledon hemispherica L. (4)
Cotyledon schonlandii E.Phillips (4) Cotyledon rotundifolia Haw. (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.04 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m, 0.35–
Alt 100–1500 m. EC 0.5 m when in flower. Alt 500–1800 m. NC, WC
cristatus (Haw.) Lem. var. zeyheri (Harv.) Tölken herrei (W.F.Barker) Poelln. = A. marianiae var. im-
A. zeyheri (Harv.) Poelln. (6)
Cotyledon zeyheri Harv. (4) maculatus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.04–0.08 m. hoerleinianus (Dinter) Poelln. = Tylecodon schaeferi-
Alt 50–200 m. KZN, EC anus
cuneatus Poelln. = A. cooperi hoerleinianus (Dinter) Poelln. var. schaeferi Dinter =
cuneatus (Thunb.) Lem. = Cotyledon cuneata Tylecodon schaeferianus
diabolicus Tölken humilis (Marloth) Poelln.
Cotyledon humilis Marloth (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.01–0.08 m, Cotyledon nana Marloth (6)
0.17–0.23 m when in flower. Alt 200–1150 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.02 m.
NC Alt 1000–1900 m. NC,WC
fallax Tölken inamoenus Tölken
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m, ± 0.5 Cotyledon rhombifolia in sense of Schönland & Baker f., not of
m when in flower. Alt? EC Haw., in part (6)
DICOTYLEDONS CRASSULACEAE Adromischus

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt A. alveolatus Hutchison (4)

400–1200 m. WC, EC A. antidorcadum Poelln. (4)
A. antidorcatum Airy Shaw (4)
jasminiflorus (Salm-Dyck) Lem. = A. caryophyllaceus A. herrei (W.F.Barker) Poelln. (4)
juttae Poelln. = A. schuldtianus subsp. juttae A. marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger forma alveoluatus (Hutchison)
Pilbeam (4)
keilhackii Werderm. = Tylecodon schaeferianus A. marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger forma herrei (W.F.Barker)
kesselringeanus Poelln. = A. cristatus var. clavifolius Pilbeam (4)
A. marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger forma multicolor Pilbeam (4)
kleinioides C.A.Sm. = A. filicaulis subsp. filicaulis A. marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger var. antidorcadum (Poelln.)
kubusensis Uitewaal = A. marianiae var. kubusensis Pilbeam (4)
Cotyledon herrei W.F.Barker (4)
leucophyllus Uitewaal
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m, 0.3– Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.08 m, ±
0.45 m when in flower. Alt 300–1600 m. WC 0.35 m when in flower. Alt 300–1000 m. WC
marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger var. kubusensis (Uite-
leucothrix C.A.Sm. = Tylecodon leucothrix
waal) Tölken
liebenbergii Hutchison A. blosianus Hutchison (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m, 0.35– A. geyeri Hutchison (4)
0.4 m when in flower. Alt 800–1400 m. WC A. kubusensis Uitewaal (6)
A. rodinii Hutchison (4)
maculatus (Salm-Dyck) Lem. (2) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.08 m, ±
A. rhombifolius in sense of C.A.Sm., not of (Haw.) Lem., misap-
plied name (4)
0.35 m when in flower. Alt 500–1200 m. N, NC
Cotyledon alternans Haw. (6) marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger var. marianiae
Cotyledon maculata Salm-Dyck (4) Cotyledon marianiae Marloth, as ‘marianae’ (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m, Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.08 m, ±
0.35–0.5 m when in flower. Alt 300–1700 m. 0.35 m when in flower. Alt 300–1000 m. WC
WC, EC marlothii (Schönland) A.Berger = A. filicaulis subsp.
mamillaris in sense of A.Berger, not of (L.f.) Lem. = A. marlothii
filicaulis subsp. marlothii maximus Hutchison
mamillaris in sense of C.A.Sm., not of (L.f.) Lem. = A. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m, ± 0.45–
filicaulis subsp. marlothii 0.7 m when in flower. Alt 1000–2000 m. WC
mamillaris in sense of Poelln., not of (L.f.) Lem. = A. montium-klinghardtii (Dinter) A.Berger
Cotyledon montium-klinghardtii Dinter (4)
filicaulis subsp. marlothii
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m, ± 0.35–
mammillaris (L.f.) Lem. 0.4 m when in flower. Alt 100–1000 m. N, NC
Cotyledon mammilaris L.f. (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m, 0.4– mucronatus (Lam.) Lem. = Cotyledon orbiculata var.
0.5 m when in flower. Alt 250–1200 m. WC orbiculata
mamillaris (L.f.) Lem. var. filicaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) nanus in sense of C.A.Sm., not of (N.E.Br.) Poelln.,
H.Jacobsen, illegitimate name = A. filicaulis misapplied name = A. trigynus
subsp. filicaulis nanus (N.E.Br.) Poelln.
A. pauciflorus Hutchison (4)
mamillaris (L.f.) Lem. var. fusiformis (Rolfe) H.Jacob- Cotyledon nana N.E.Br. (4)
sen, illegitimate name = A. filicaulis subsp. fili- Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.04 m, ± 0.05–
caulis 0.06 m when in flower. Alt 900–1100 m. NC
mamillaris (L.f.) Lem. var. marlothii (Schönland) nussbaumerianus (Poelln.) Poelln. = A. cristatus var.
H.Jacobsen = A. filicaulis subsp. marlothii clavifolius
mamillaris (L.f.) Lem. var. rubra Poelln. = A. filicaulis pachylophus C.A.Sm. = A. cooperi
subsp. filicaulis pauciflorus Hutchison = A. nanus
marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger forma alveoluatus phillipsiae (Marloth) Poelln.
(Hutchison) Pilbeam = A. marianiae var. immac- Cotyledon phillipsiae Marloth (4)
ulatus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.05 m, ±
marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger forma herrei (W.F.Bar- 0.22–0.5 m when in flower. Alt 900–1600 m.
ker) Pilbeam = A. marianiae var. immaculatus NC, WC
marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger forma multicolor Pil- poellnitzianus Werderm. = A. cristatus var. clavifolius
beam = A. marianiae var. immaculatus procurvus (N.E.Br.) C.A.Sm. = A. triflorus
marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger var. antidorcadum pulchellus Hutchison = A. alstonii
(Poelln.) Pilbeam = A. marianiae var. immaculatus rhombifolius (Haw.) Lem. (insufficiently known) (4)
marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger var. hallii (Hutchison) rhombifolius Haw. var. bakeri Poelln. = A. sphenophyllus
Tölken
A. casmithianus Poelln. (4) rhombifolius in sense of C.A.Sm., not of (Haw.) Lem.,
A. hallii Hutchison (4) misapplied name = A. maculatus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.08 m, ± roaneanus Uitewaal
0.35 m when in flower. Alt 50–300 m. N, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m, ±
marianiae (Marloth) A.Berger var. immaculatus 0.28–0.41 m when in flower. Alt 200–2000 m.
Uitewaal NC, WC
CRASSULACEAE Adromischus DICOTYLEDONS

robustus Lem., species insufficiently known (4) A. rupicola C.A.Sm. (4)

A. subcompressus Poelln., in part as to specimen Triebner 1330 (4)
rodinii Hutchison = A. marianiae var. kubusensis Cotyledon rhombifolia var. spathulata N.E.Br. ex Marloth, naked
rotundifolius (Haw.) C.A.Sm. = A. hemisphaericus name (4)
Cotyledon trigyna Burch. (4)
rotundifolius Poelln. = A. hemisphaericus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.2
rupicola C.A.Sm. = A. trigynus m, ± 0.45–0.55 m when in flower. Alt 1000–
saxicola C.A.Sm. = A. umbraticola subsp. umbraticola 1900 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC
schaeferianus (Dinter) A.Berger = Tylecodon schaefe- umbraticola C.A.Sm. = A. umbraticola subsp. umbra-
rianus ticola
schaeferianus (Dinter) A.Berger var. keilhackii (Werderm.) umbraticola C.A.Sm. subsp. ramosus Tölken
Poelln. = Tylecodon schaeferianus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ±
0.12 m. Alt 1500–1700 m. LIM, M
schonlandii (E.Phillips) Poelln. = A. cristatus var. schon-
landii umbraticola C.A.Sm. subsp. umbraticola
A. saxicola C.A.Sm. (4)
schuldtianus (Poelln.) Poelln. = A. schuldtianus subsp. A. umbraticola C.A.Sm. (4)
schuldtianus Cotyledon trigyna in sense of Burtt Davy, not of Burch., misapplied
name (4)
schuldtianus (Poelln.) Poelln. subsp. juttae (Poelln.)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ±
Tölken
A. juttae Poelln. (4) 0.06 m. Alt 1400–1600 m. NW, G, M
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.04–0.1 m. Alt zeyheri (Harv.) Poelln. = A. cristatus var. zeyheri
1200–2200 m. N
schuldtianus (Poelln.) Poelln. subsp. schuldtianus
*BRYOPHYLLUM Salisb. 3165000
A. schuldtianus (Poelln.) Poelln. (4) (1) Engler & Prantl. 1930. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien 18a: 412.
Cotyledon schuldtiana Poelln. (4) (2) Tölken. 1985. FSA 14: 73, 74.
Cotyledon trigyna in sense of Schönland, not of Burch. (4) (3) Tölken & Leistner. 1986. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1938.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.03 m. tropicale 2: 73.
Alt 500–2200 m. N (5) Phillipson. 1992. The Flowering Plants of Africa 52: t. 2050.
sphenophyllus C.A.Sm. delagoense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schinz
A. rhombifolius Haw. var. bakeri Poelln. (6) B. tubiflorum Harv. (2)
Cotyledon rhombifolia in sense of Baker f., not of Haw. (6) Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh. (2)
Cotyledon rhombifolia in sense of Schönland & Baker f., not of Kalanchoe tubiflora Raym.-Hamet (2)
Haw., in part (5)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 2 m. Alt 20–2000 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m, ± LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
0.4–0.6 m when in flower. Alt 50–1600 m. EC
tubiflorum Harv. = Bryophyllum delagoense
subcompressus Poelln. in part as to specimen Lauder
s.n. = A triflorus BULLIARDA DC. 3168010
subcompressus Poelln. in part as to specimen Triebner
alpina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. = Crassula umbellata
1330 = A. trigynus
brevifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula decumbens var.
subdistichus Makin ex Bruyns
brachyphylla
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.12
m, ± 0.14 m when in flower. Alt 500–2000 m. capensis (L.f.) E.Mey. ex Drège = Crassula natans var.
WC, EC natans
subpetiolatus Poelln. = A. triflorus dregei Harv. = Crassula pellucida subsp. brachypetala
subrubellus Poelln. = A. alstonii elantinoides Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula elatinoides
subviridis Tölken perfoliata (L.f.) DC. = Crassula inanis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent, scrambler. Ht ± 0.25 trichotoma Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula decumbens var.
m, ± 0.4–0.5 m when in flower. Alt 100–300 m. decumbens
NC vaillantii (Willd.) DC. = Crassula vaillantii
tricolor C.A.Sm. = A. filicaulis subsp. marlothii vaillantii (Willd.) DC. var. subulata Harv. = Crassula
triebneri Poelln. = A. alstonii vaillantii
triflorus (L.f.) A.Berger
A. procurvus (N.E.Br.) C.A.Sm. (4) COTYLEDON L. 3164000
A. subcompressus Poelln., in part as to specimen Lauder s.n. (4) (1) Phillips. 1924. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 4: t. 154.
A. subpetiolatus Poelln. (4) (2) Phillips. 1925. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 5: t. 161.
Cotyledon bolusii Schönland var. karroensis Schönland (4) (3) Phillips. 1928. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 8: t. 289.
Cotyledon procurva N.E.Br. (4) (4) Dyer. 1937. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 17: t. 652.
Cotyledon triflora L.f. (4) (5) Phillips. 1938. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 18: t. 711.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m, ± (6) Dyer. 1941. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 21: t. 808.
0.45–0.55 m when in flower. Alt 50–1800 m. (7) Dyer. 1949. The Flowering Plants of Africa 27: t. 1080.
WC (8) Tölken. 1983. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1877.
(9) Tölken. 1985. FSA 14: 3–17.
trigynus (Burch.) Poelln. (10) Van Jaarsveld & Koutnik. 1997. Bradleya 15: 65–72.
A. nanus in sense of C.A.Sm., not of (N.E.Br.) Poelln., misapplied
name (4) acaulon Walther ex Steud., naked name = C. papillaris
DICOTYLEDONS CRASSULACEAE Adromischus

adscendens R.A.Dyer curviflora Sims = Tylecodon grandiflorus

Perennial. Shrub, scrambler, succulent. Ht ± 2 m. Alt deasii Schönland in part = C. cuneata
0–100 m. EC decussata Sims = C. orbiculata var. orbiculata
alstonii Schönland & Baker f. = Adromischus alstonii decussata Sims var. dielsii Schltr. ex Poelln. = C. orbicu-
alternans Haw. = Adromischus maculatus lata var. orbiculata
arborescens Mill. = Crassula arborescens subsp. decussata Sims var. flavida (Fourc.) Poelln. = C. orbicu-
arborescens lata var. oblonga
ausana Dinter = C. orbiculata var. orbiculata decussata Sims var. hinrichseniana H.Jacobsen = C.
barbeyi Schweinf. ex Baker orbiculata var. orbiculata
C. sturmiana Poelln. (9) decussata Sims var. rubra Poelln. = C. orbiculata var.
C. transvaalensis Guillaumet (9) oblonga
C. wickensii Schönland (9)
C. wickensii Schönland var. glandulosa Poelln. (9) decussata in sense of Jacot Guill., not of Sims, misap-
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 2 m. Alt 200–2000 plied name = C. orbiculata var. oblonga
m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN dichotoma Haw. = Tylecodon reticulatus subsp. reticu-
beckeri Schönland & Baker f. = C. velutina latus
bolusii Schönland = Adromischus caryophyllaceus dinteri Baker f. = Tylecodon wallichii subsp. ecklonia-
bolusii Schönland var. karroensis Schönland = Adro- nus
mischus triflorus eckloniana Harv. = Tylecodon wallichii subsp. ecklonia-
buchholziana Schuldt & Stephens = Tylecodon buch- nus
holzianus subsp. buchholzianus elata Haw. = C. orbiculata var. orbiculata
cacalioides in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. = eliseae Van Jaarsv.
Tylecodon wallichii subsp. ecklonianus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, cremnophyllous succulent. Ht
cacalioides L.f. = Tylecodon cacaliodes ± 0.2 m, 0.24–0.4 m when in flower. Alt 200–
300 m. WC
campanulata Marloth
C. teretifolia Thunb. (9) engleri A.Berger & Dinter = C. orbiculata var. orbicu-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m, 0.35– lata
0.65 m when in flower. Alt 200–1600 m. WC, EC fascicularis Aiton = Tylecodon paniculatus
campanulata × C. orbicutala.var. oblonga, putative faucium Poelln. = Tylecodon faucium
hybrid (9) fergusoniae L.Bolus = Tylecodon cacaliodes
campanulata × C. papillaris, putative hybrid (9) filicaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. = Adromischus filicaulis
canaliculata Haw. = C. orbiculata L. var. oblonga subsp. filicaulis
canalifolia Haw., illegitimate name = C. orbiculata L. flanaganii Schönland & Baker f. = C. orbiculata var.
var. oblonga flanaganii
caryophyllacea Burm.f. = Adromischus caryophylla- flanaganii Schönland & Baker f. var. karroensis
ceus Schönland & Baker f.= C. orbiculata var. orbicu-
chloroleuca Dinter ex Friedrich = Tylecodon racemosus lata
clavifolia Haw. = Adromischus cristatus var. clavi- flavida Fourc. = C. orbiculata var. oblonga
folius fragilis R.A.Dyer = Tylecodon fragilis
cooperi Baker var. immaculata Schönland & Baker f. = fusiformis (Rolfe) A.Berger = Adromischus filicaulis
Adromischus cooperi subsp. filicaulis
coruscans Haw. = C. orbiculata var. oblonga galpinii Schönland & Baker f. = C. orbiculata var.
crassifolia Haw. = C. orbiculata var. oblonga oblonga
crassifolia Salisb. = Adromischus hemisphaericus glandulosa N.E.Br. = C. papillaris
cristata Haw. = Adromischus cristatus var. cristatus glutinosa Schönland = C. papillaris
cuneata Thunb. gracilis Haw. = C. papillaris
Adromischus cuneatus (Thunb.) Lem. (9) gracilis in sense of Harv.; Schönland, not of Haw., mis-
C. deasii Schönland, in part (9)
C. pillansii Schönland (9) applied name = C. papillaris
C. undulata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Haw. (9) grandiflora Burm.f. = Tylecodon grandiflorus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m, 0.5– hallii Tölken = Tylecodon hallii
0.75 m when in flower. Alt 800–1200 m. NC,
WC, EC hemispherica L. = Adromischus hemisphaericus
cuneata × C. orbiculata var. orbiculata, putative herrei W.F.Barker = Adromischus marianiae var. im-
hybrid (9) maculatus
cuneata in sense of Drège, not of Thumb. = C. papil- heterophylla Schönland = C. tomentosa subsp. ladi-
laris smithensis
cuneiformis Haw. = C. orbiculata var. oblonga hirtifolia W.F.Barker = Tylecodon hirtifolius
CRASSULACEAE Cotyledon DICOTYLEDONS

hoerleiniana Dinter = Tylecodon schaeferianus orbiculata L. var. elata (Haw.) DC., illegitimate name =
hoerleiniana Dinter var. schaeferi Dinter = Tylecodon C. orbiculata var. orbiculata
schaeferianus orbiculata L. var. engleri (Dinter & A.Berger) Dinter =
humilis Marloth = Adromischus humilis C. orbiculata var. orbiculata
jacobseniana Poelln., illegitimate name = C. papillaris orbiculata L. var. flanaganii (Schönland & Baker f.)
Tölken
jasminiflora Salm-Dyck = Adromischus caryophyl- C. flanaganii Schönland & Baker f. (9)
laceus Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.4–0.75, ± 1 m when
laciniata L. = Kalanchoe laciniata in flower. Alt 50–500 m. EC
ladismithensis in sense of Boom, not of Poelln. = C. orbiculata L. var. higginsiae H.Jacobsen = C. orbicula-
tomentosa subsp. tomentosa ta var. orbiculata
ladismithensis Poelln. = C. tomentosa subsp. ladi- orbiculata L. var. hinrichseniana H.Jacobsen = C. orbi-
smithiensis culata var. orbiculata
lanceolata Forssk. = Kalanchoe lanceolata orbiculata L. var. oblonga (Haw.) DC.
C. canaliculata Haw. (9)
leucophylla C.A.Sm. = C. orbiculata var. oblonga C. canalifolia Haw., illegitimate name (9)
leucothrix (C.A.Sm.) Fourc. = Tylecodon leucothrix C. coruscans Haw. (9)
C. crassifolia Haw. (9)
luteosquamata Poelln. = Tylecodon pearsonii C. cuneiformis Haw. (9)
C. decussata in sense of Jacot Guill., not of Sims, misapplied name (9)
macrantha A.Berger var. virescens (Schönland & Baker C. decussata Sims var. flavida (Fourc.) Poelln. (9)
f.) Poelln. = C. orbiculata var. oblonga C. decussata Sims var. rubra Poelln. (9)
maculata Salm-Dyck = Adromischus maculatus C. flavida Fourc. (9)
C. galpinii Schönland & Baker f. (9)
mammilaris in sense of Harv. in part, not of (L.f.) Lam., C. leucophylla C.A.Sm. (9)
misapplied name = Adromischus filicaulis subsp. C. macrantha A.Berger var. virescens (Schönland & Baker f.)
marlothii Poelln. (9)
C. obermeyeriana Poelln. (9)
mammilaris L.f. = Adromischus mammillaris C. oblonga Haw. (9)
C. orbiculata in sense of Burtt Davy, not of L., misapplied name (9)
marianiae Marloth, as ‘marianae’ = Adromischus ma- C. rudatisii Poelln. (9)
rianiae var. marianiae C. simulans Schönland ex Poelln., naked name (9)
marlothii Schönland = Adromischus filicaulis subsp. C. simulans Schönland ex Poelln. var. spathulata Schönland ex
Poelln., naked name (9)
marlothii C. undulata Haw. (9)
meyeri Harv. = C. papillaris C. virescens Schönland & Baker f. (9)
C. viridis Haw. (9)
mollis Dinter = Tylecodon paniculatus C. whiteae Schönland & Baker f., as ‘whitei’ (9)
mollis Schönland = C. velutina C. zuluensis Schönland ex Poelln. (9)
montium-klinghardtii Dinter = Adromischus montium- Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.8 m, 0.95–
klinghardtii 1.25 m when in flower. Alt 50–3000 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
mucronata Lam. = C. orbiculata var. orbiculata
orbiculata L. var. obovata DC. = C. orbiculata var.
muirii Schönland = C. papillaris orbiculata
nana Marloth = Adromischus humilis orbiculata L. var. oophylla Dinter = C. orbiculata var.
nana N.E.Br. = Adromischus nanus orbiculata
nussbaumeriana Poelln. = Adromischus cristatus var. orbiculata L. var. orbiculata
clavifolius Adromischus mucronatus (Lam.) Lem. (9)
C. ausana Dinter (9)
obermeyeriana Poelln. = C. orbiculata var. oblonga C. decussata Sims (9)
C. decussata Sims var. dielsii Schltr. ex Poelln. (9)
oblonga Haw. = C. orbiculata var. oblonga C. decussata Sims var. hinrichseniana H.Jacobsen (9)
occultans Tölken = Tylecodon occultans C. elata Haw. (9)
C. engleri A.Berger & Dinter (9)
orbiculata in sense of Burtt Davy, not of L., misapplied C. flanaganii Schönland & Baker f. var. karroensis Schönland &
name = C. orbiculata var. oblonga Baker f. (9)
orbiculata in sense of Harv., not of L. in part = C. C. mucronata Lam. (9)
C. orbiculata L. (9)
velutina C. orbiculata L. var. ausana (Dinter) H.Jacobsen, illegitimate name (9)
orbiculata L. = C. orbiculata var. orbiculata C. orbiculata L. var. dinteri H.Jacobsen (9)
C. orbiculata L. var. elata (Haw.) DC., illegitimate name (9)
orbiculata L. var. ausana (Dinter) H.Jacobsen, illegiti- C. orbiculata L. var. engleri (Dinter & A.Berger) Dinter (9)
mate name = C. orbiculata var. orbiculata C. orbiculata L. var. higginsiae H.Jacobsen (9)
C. orbiculata L. var. hinrichseniana H.Jacobsen (9)
orbiculata L. var. dactylopsis Tölken C. orbiculata L. var. obovata DC. (9)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m, 0.45– C. orbiculata L. var. oophylla Dinter (9)
0.65 m when in flower. Alt 1100–1600 m. FS, C. orbiculata L. var. ramosa (Haw.) DC., illegitimate name (9)
NC, EC C. orbiculata L. var. rotundifolia DC. (9)
C. orbiculata L. var. viridis Dinter ex Range (9)
orbiculata L. var. dinteri H.Jacobsen = C. orbiculata C. ovata in sense of Haw., not of Mill., illegitimate name (9)
var. orbiculata C. papillaris in sense of Haw., not of L.f. (9)
DICOTYLEDONS CRASSULACEAE Cotyledon

C. papillaris L.f. var. tricuspidata (Haw.) DC. (9) parvula Burch. = Tylecodon reticulatus subsp. reticu-
C. ramosa Haw. in part (9) latus
C. ramosissima in sense of Mill., not of Haw., illegitimate name (9)
C. tricuspidata Haw. (9) pearsonii Schönland in part = Tylecodon hallii
C. undulata Haw. var. mucronata (Lam.) Poelln. (9)
C. undulata in sense of H.Jacobsen, not of Haw. (9)
pearsonii Schönland in part = Tylecodon pearsonii
C. ungulata Lam. (9) phillipsiae Marloth = Adromischus phillipsiae
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1 m, 1.25–1.45 m pillansii Schönland = C. cuneata
when in flower. Alt 50–1800 m. N, NC, WC, EC
procurva N.E.Br. = Adromischus triflorus
orbiculata L. var. ramosa (Haw.) DC., illegitimate name
= C. orbiculata var. orbiculata pseudogracilis Poelln. = C. papillaris
orbiculata L. var. rotundifolia DC. = C. orbiculata var. purpurea in sense of Haw., not of Thunb. = Tylecodon
orbiculata grandiflorus
orbiculata L. var. spuria (L.) Tölken purpurea Thunb. = C. orbiculata var. spuria
C. purpurea Thunb. (9) pygmaea W.F.Barker = Tylecodon pygmaeus
C. spuria L. in part (9)
C. ungulata in sense of Guillaumet, not of Lam. (9) pygmaea W.F.Barker var. tenuis Tölken = Tylecodon
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1 m excluding inflo- pygmaeus
rescence. Alt 50–1000 m. NC, WC, EC racemosa E.Mey. ex Harv. in part = Tylecodon hallii
orbiculata L. var. viridis Dinter ex Range = C. orbicu- racemosa Harv. in part = Tylecodon racemosus
lata L. var. orbiculata ramosa Haw. in part = C. orbiculata var. orbiculata
orbiculata var. oblonga × C. campanulata, putative hy- ramosissima in sense of Haw., not of Mill. var. woodii
brid (9) (Schönland & Baker f.) Schönland = C. woodii
orbiculata var. oblonga × C. papillaris, putative hybrid (9)
ramosissima in sense of Mill., not of Haw., illegitimate
orbiculata var. oblonga × C. velutina, putative hybrid (9) name = C. orbiculata var. orbiculata
orbiculata var. orbiculata × C. cuneata, putative hy- ramosissima Salm-Dyck ex Haw. = C. woodii
brid (9)
reticulata L.f. = Tylecodon reticulatus subsp. reticulatus
orbiculata var. orbiculata × C. orbiculata var. spuria,
putative hybrid (9) rhombifolia Haw. (insufficiently known) (9)
orbiculata var. orbiculata × C. papillaris, putative hy- rhombifolia Haw. var. spathulata N.E.Br. ex Marloth,
brid (9) naked name = Adromischus trigynus
ovata in sense of Haw., not of Mill., illegitimate name = rhombifolia in sense of Baker f., not of Haw. = Adro-
C. orbiculata var. orbiculata mischus sphenophyllus
ovata Mill. = Crassula ovata rhombifolia in sense of Schönland & Baker f., not of
paniculata L.f. = Tylecodon paniculatus Haw. in part = Adromischus inamoenus
papillaris in sense of Haw., not of L.f. = C. orbiculata rhombifolia in sense of Schönland & Baker f., not of
var. orbiculata Haw. in part = Adromischus sphenophyllus
papillaris L.f. rotundifolia Haw. = Adromischus hemisphaericus
C. acaulon Walther ex Steud., naked name (9)
C. cuneata in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. (9)
rubrovenosa Dinter = Tylecodon rubrovenosus
C. glandulosa N.E.Br. (9) rudatisii Poelln. = C. orbiculata var. oblonga
C. glutinosa Schönland (9)
C. gracilis Haw. (9) salmiana Poelln. var. woodii (Schönland & Baker f.)
C. gracilis in sense of Harv.; Schönland, not of Haw., misapplied Poelln. = C. woodii
name (9) schaeferi Dinter, naked name = Tylecodon schaeferia-
C. jacobseniana Poelln., illegitimate name (9)
C. meyeri Harv. (9) nus
C. muirii Schönland (9) schaeferiana Dinter = Tylecodon schaeferianus
C. papillaris L.f. var. glutinosa (Schönland) Poelln. (9)
C. papillaris L.f. var. robusta Schönland & Baker f. (9) schonlandii E.Phillips = Adromischus cristatus var.
C. papillaris L.f. var. subundulata Poelln. (9) schonlandii
C. pseudogracilis Poelln. (9)
C. spuria L. in part (9)
schuldtiana Poelln. = Adromischus schuldtianus
C. teretifolia Lam. (9) subsp. schuldtianus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m ex- similis Tölken = Tylecodon similis
cluding inflorescence. Alt 20–1800 m. N, NC, simulans Schönland ex Poelln., naked name = C. orbic-
WC, EC ulata var. oblonga
papillaris L.f. var. glutinosa (Schönland) Poelln. = C. simulans Schönland ex Poelln. var. spathulata Schön-
papillaris land ex Poelln., naked name = C. orbiculata var.
papillaris L.f. var. robusta Schönland & Baker f. = C. oblonga
papillaris singularis R.A.Dyer = Tylecodon singularis
papillaris L.f. var. subundulata Poelln. = C. papillaris sinus-alexandri Poelln. = Tylecodon schaeferianus
papillaris L.f. var. tricuspidata (Haw.) DC. = C. orbicu- spuria L. in part = C. orbiculata var. spuria
lata L. var. orbiculata spuria L. in part = Tylecodon paniculatus
CRASSULACEAE Cotyledon DICOTYLEDONS

striata Hutchison = Tylecodon striatus whiteae Schönland & Baker f., as ‘whitei’ = C. orbicu-
sturmiana Poelln. = C. barbeyi lata var. oblonga
sulphurea Tölken = Tylecodon sulphureus var. sul- wickensii Schönland = C. barbeyi
phureus wickensii Schönland var. glandulosa Poelln. = C. bar-
swartbergensis Poelln. = Tylecodon leucothrix beyi
tardiflora Bonpl. = Tylecodon paniculatus woodii Schönland & Baker f.
C. ramosissima Haw. var. woodii (Schönland & Baker f.) Schönland (9)
teretifolia Lam. = C. papillaris C. ramosissima Salm-Dyck ex Haw. (9)
C. salmiana Poelln. var. woodii (Schönland & Baker f.) Poelln.
teretifolia Thunb. = C. campanulata
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1.2 m. Alt 750–1200
tomentosa Harv. = C. tomentosa subsp. tomentosa m. WC, EC
tomentosa Harv. subsp. ladismithiensis (Poelln.) Tölken zeyheri Harv. = Adromischus cristatus var. zeyheri
C. heterophylla Schönland (9)
C. ladismithensis Poelln. (9) zuluensis Schönland ex Poelln. = C. orbiculata var.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 oblonga
m, 0.65–0.75 m when in flower. Alt 400–750 m.
WC CRASSULA L. 3168000
tomentosa Harv. subsp. tomentosa (2) Phillips. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 115.
C. ladismithensis in sense of Boom, not of Poelln. (9)
C. tomentosa Harv. (9)
(4) Phillips. 1925. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 5: tt. 167, 173.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 m, 0.65– (5) Phillips. 1925. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 5: t. 189.
0.75 m when in flower. Alt 750–800 m. WC, EC (6) Phillips. 1932. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 11: tt. 403, 425.
transvaalensis Guillaumet = C. barbeyi (8) Phillips. 1939. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 19: t. 754.
tricuspidata Haw. = C. orbiculata L. var. orbiculata (9) Dyer. 1941. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 21: t. 839.
triflora L.f. = Adromischus triflorus (11) Dyer. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: t. 881.
trigyna Burch. = Adromischus trigynus (12) Verdoorn. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: t. 888.
(13) Dyer. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: tt. 892, 908.
trigyna in sense of Burtt Davy, not of Burch., misap- (14) Dyer. 1949. The Flowering Plants of Africa 27: tt. 1059A, 1059B.
plied name = Adromischus umbraticola subsp. (15) Dyer. 1957. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1243.
umbraticola (16) Henderson. 1961. The Flowering Plants of Africa 34: tt. 1334A,
1334B.
trigyna in sense of Schönland, not of Burch. = Adro- (17) Dyer. 1967. The Flowering Plants of Africa 38: t. 1520.
mischus schuldtianus subsp. schuldtianus (18) Tölken. 1973. The Flowering Plants of Africa 42: t. 1672.
(19) Tölken. 1978. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: tt. 1775A,
tuberculosa Lam. = Tylecodon grandiflorus 1775B.
undulata Haw. = C. orbiculata var. oblonga (20) Fernandes. 1982. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 55: 95–117.
(21) Fernandes. 1983. FZ 7: 3–74.
undulata Haw. var. mucronata (Lam.) Poelln. = C. orbi- (22) Tölken. 1985. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: tt. 1913A,
culata var. orbiculata 1913B, 1914.
undulata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Haw. = C. (23) Tölken. 1985. FSA 14: 75–229.
(24) Hargreaves. 1989. Excelsa 14: 70–72, 93.
cuneata (25) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
undulata in sense of H.Jacobsen, not of Haw. = C. tropicale 1: 73–75.
orbiculata var. orbiculata (26) Williamson. 1992. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 64: 288, 289.
(27) Pavelka. 1999. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.). 71: 78–80.
ungulata in sense of Guillaumet, not of Lam. = C. (28) Burgoyne & Van Wyk. 1999. Bothalia 29: 254, 255.
orbiculata var. spuria (29) Van Jaarsveld & Van Wyk. 1999. Aloe 36: 71–74.
(30) Van Jaarsveld & Van Wyk. 2001. Aloe 38: 29, 30.
ungulata Lam. = C. orbiculata var. orbiculata (31) Smith et al. 2001. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 18: 23–27.
velutina Hook.f. abyssinica A.Rich. var. vaginata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Engl.
C. beckeri Schönland & Baker f. (9)
C. mollis Schönland (9) = C. vaginata subsp. vaginata
C. orbiculata in sense of Harv., not of L. in part (9) acinaciformis Schinz
C. velutina Hook.f. var. beckeri (Schönland & Baker f.) Schönland (9) C. aloides N.E.Br. (23)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 0–900 C. inaequalis Schönland (23)
m. KZN, EC Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 1.3 m. Alt
velutina Hook.f. var. beckeri (Schönland & Baker f.) 500–1700 m. M, S
Schönland = C. velutina acuminata E.Mey. ex Drège = C. flanaganii
ventricosa Burm.f. = Tylecodon ventricosus acutifolia in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., Harv. in part = C.
tetragona subsp. lignescens
ventricosa Burm.f. var. alpina Harv. = Tylecodon ventri-
cosus acutifolia Lam. = C. tetragona subsp. acutifolia
acutifolia Lam. var. densifolia (Harv.) Schönland = C.
virescens Schönland & Baker f. = C. orbiculata var.
tetragona subsp. tetragona
oblonga
acutifolia Lam. var. harveyi Schönland = C. tetragona
viridiflora Tölken = Tylecodon viridiflorus subsp. lignescens
viridis Haw. = C. orbiculata var. oblonga acutifolia Lam. var. radicans Harv. = C. tetragona
wallichii Harv. = Tylecodon wallichii subsp. wallichii subsp. acutifolia
DICOTYLEDONS CRASSULACEAE Cotyledon

acutifolia Lam. var. typica Schönland = C. tetragona Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, lithophyte, succulent. Ht
subsp. acutifolia 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 400–800 m. NC, WC
adscendens Thunb. (insufficiently known) (23) alpestris Thunb. subsp. massonii (Britten & Baker f.)
aitonii Britten & Baker f. = C. cordata Tölken
C. massonii Britten & Baker f. (23)
alba Forssk. = C. alba var. alba C. variabilis N.E.Br.
alba Forssk. var. alba Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.08–0.25
C. alba Forssk. (23) m. Alt 600–1000 m. WC
C. milleriana Burtt Davy (23)
C. recurva N.E.Br. (23) alpina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. = C. umbellata (23)
C. rubicunda Drège ex Harv. (23) alsinoides Hook.f. = C. pellucida subsp. alsinoides
C. rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. flexuosa Schönland (23)
C. rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. hispida Schönland (23) alstonii in sense of Range, not of Marloth = C. elegans
C. rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. milleriana (Burtt Davy) Schön- subsp. namibensis
land (23)
C. rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. rubicunda R.A.Dyer (23) alstonii Marloth
C. deltoidea in sense of Schönland, not of Thunb. (23)
C. rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. subglabra Schönland (23)
C. rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. typica Schönland (23) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m, when in
C. squamulosa in sense of Keissl., not of Schltdl. (23) flower. Alt 300–800 m. NC
C. stewartiae Burtt Davy (23)
Globulea stricta Drège, as ‘Globulia’, naked name (23) alternifolia L., excluded species (23)
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 m. amatolica Schönland = C. sediflora var. amatolica
Alt 100–3000 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, ammophila Tölken
L, EC Perennial. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht ± 0.8 m. Alt
alba Forssk. var. pallida Tölken 20–100 m. WC
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 m. anguina Harv. = C. muscosa var. muscosa
Alt 400–2000 m. M, S
anomala Schönland & Baker f. = C. atropurpurea var.
alba Forssk. var. parvisepala (Schönland) Tölken anomala
C. atro-sanguinea Beauverd (23)
C. rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. lydenburgensis Schönland (23) anthurus E.Mey. ex Drège, naked name = C. perforata
C. rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. parvisepala (Schönland) Schön- aphylla Schönland & Baker f.
land (23) Rhopalota aphylla (Schönland & Baker f.) N.E.Br. (23)
C. rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. similis (Baker f.) Schönland (23) Annual. Herb, lithophyte, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.06 m.
C. similis Baker f. (23)
C. wilmsii Diels (23) Alt 850–2000 m. WC
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, lithophyte, succulent. Ht arborea L., naked name = Portulacaria afra
± 0.5 m. Alt 400–1800 m. M, S arborea Med. = C. arborescens subsp. arborescens
alba var. alba × C. vaginata subsp. vaginata, putative arborescens in sense of Keissl.; Marloth, not of (Mill.)
hybrid (23) Willd., misapplied name = C. ovata
alba var. alba × C. alba var. pallida, putative hybrid (23) arborescens (Mill.) Willd. = C. arborescens subsp. ar-
albanensis Schönland = C. capitella subsp. capitella borescens
albertiniae Schönland = C. capensis var. albertiniae arborescens (Mill.) Willd. subsp. arborescens
C. arborea Med. (23)
albicaulis Harv. = C. expansa subsp. expansa C. arborescens (Mill.) Willd. (23)
albicaulis in sense of Friedrich, not of Harv. = C. C. cotyledon Jacq. (23)
expansa subsp. pyrifolia C. cotyledonifolia Salisb. (23)
Cotyledon arborescens Mill. (23)
albiflora Sims = C. dejecta Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 500–1600
albiflora Sims var. minor Schönland = C. dejecta m. WC
alcicornis Schönland arborescens (Mill.) Willd. subsp. undulatifolia Tölken
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.06–0.12 m. Alt 200– Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 600–1000
1000 m. WC m. EC
aloides N.E.Br. = C. acinaciformis (23)
archeri Compton = C. pyramidalis
alooides Dryand. = C. hemisphaerica (23)
arenicola Tölken = C. cymosa
alpestris in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. = C. exilis
subsp. exilis argentea Thunb. = C. ovata
alpestris in sense Harv.; Keissl., not of Thunb., misap- argyrophylla Diels ex Schönland & Baker f. = C.
plied name = C. dependens swaziensis
alpestris subsp. alpestris × C. alpestris subsp. mas- argyrophylla Diels ex Schönland & Baker f. var. ramosa
sonii, putative hybrid (23) in sense of Herre; H.Jacobsen, not of Schönland =
alpestris subsp. massonii × C. columnaris subsp. colum- C. sericea var. sericea
naris, putative hybrid (23) argyrophylla Diels ex Schönland & Baker f. var. ramosa
alpestris Thunb. = C. alpestris subsp. alpestris (23) Schönland = C. swaziensis
alpestris Thunb. subsp. alpestris argyrophylla Diels ex Schönland & Baker f. var.
C. alpestris Thunb. (23) swaziensis (Schönland) Schönland = C. swazien-
Purgosea alpestris (Thunb.) G.Don (23) sis
CRASSULACEAE Crassula DICOTYLEDONS

aristata Schönland = C. bergioides aurusbergensis G.Will. (35)

arta in sense of H.Jacobsen; Friedrich; Higgins, not of Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.02 m. Alt 900–1050
Schönland = C. plegmatoides m. N
arta Schönland = C. deceptor ausensis Hutchison = C. ausensis subsp. ausensis
articulata Zuccagni = C. ovata ausensis Hutchison subsp. ausensis
C. ausensis Hutchison (23)
atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. = C. atropurpurea var. C. hofmeyeriana Dinter (23)
atropurpurea C. karasana Friedrich (23)
C. littlewoodii Friedrich (23)
atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. anomala (Schön- Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt 900–2000
land & Baker f.) Tölken
C. anomala Schönland & Baker f. (23) m. N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt ausensis Hutchison subsp. giessii (Friedrich) Tölken
1000–2000 m. WC C. giessii Friedrich (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt 1400–1700
atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. atropurpurea
C. atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. (23) m. N
C. clavifolia Harv. (23) ausensis Hutchison subsp. titanopsis Pavelka
C. micrantha Schönland (23) Perennial. Herb, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m.
C. obliqua Haw. (23)
C. smutsii Schönland (23) Alt 1100–1250 m. N
Globulea atropurpurea Haw. (23) avismontana Dinter = C. capitella subsp. nodulosa
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt badspoortense Van Jaarsv.
100–2000 m. WC, EC Perennial. Herb, cremnophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m.
atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. cultriformis (Fried- Alt 300–500 m. WC
rich) Tölken bakeri Schönland = C. grisea
C. cultriformis Friedrich (23)
C. cultriformis Friedrich var. robusta Friedrich (23) barbata Thunb. = C. barbata subsp. barbata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt 50– barbata Thunb. subsp. barbata
600 m. N, NC C. barbata Thunb. (23)
C. lettyae Phillips (23)
atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. muirii (Schönland) C. turrita in sense of Jacq., not of Thunb. (23)
R.Fern. Purgosea barbata (Thunb.) G.Don, as ‘Purgosia’ (23)
C. atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. rubella (Compton) Tölken (27) Biennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 1000–1800
C. clavifolia Harv. var. muirii Schönland (23) m. WC
C. rubella Compton (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt barbata Thunb. subsp. broomii (Schönland) Tölken
C. broomii Schönland (23)
1100–1700 m. NC, WC
Annual or biennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt
atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. purcellii (Schön- 1200–1800 m. NC
land) Tölken
C. purcellii Schönland (23) barklyana Schönland = C. setulosa var. rubra
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt barklyi in sense of Friedrich, not of N.E.Br. = C. colum-
1400–2000 m. WC, EC naris subsp. prolifera
atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. rubella (Compton) barklyi N.E.Br.
C. teres Marloth (23)
Tölken = C. atropurpurea var. muirii Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.09 m. Alt 50–
atropurpurea (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. watermeyeri 500 m. NC, WC
(Compton) Tölken bartlettii Schönland = C. capensis var. albertiniae
C. gifbergensis Friedrich (23)
C. sericea in sense of Schönland (1912), not of Schönland (1910) (23) basutica Schönland = C. dependens
C. watermeyeri Compton (23) bergioides Harv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt C. aristata Schönland (23)
1000–1700 m. NC, WC C. pusilla Schönland (23)
atropurpurea var. anomala × C. nudicaulis var. nudi- Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.06 m. Alt 200–
caulis, putative hybrid (23) 900 m. WC
atropurpurea var. anomala × var. muirii, putative bibracteata Haw. = C. tetragona subsp. acutifolia
hybrid (23) bibracteata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Haw. = C.
atropurpurea var. atropurpurea × var. muirii, puta- tetragona subsp. tetragona
tive hybrid (23) biconvexa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. = C. pubescens subsp.
atropurpurea var. cultriformis × var. watermeyeri, pubescens
putative hybrid (23) biconvexa Haw. = C. fascicularis
atropurpurea. var. purcellii × var. watermeyeri, puta- biplanata Haw.
C. fruticulosa in sense of Harv., not of L., misapplied name (23)
tive hybrid (23) C. punctulata Schönland & Baker f.
atropurpurea var. watermeyeri × C. tomentosa, puta- Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt
tive hybrid (23) 100–600 m. WC, EC
atro-sanguinea Beauverd = C. alba var. parvisepala biplanata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Haw. = C.
aurosensis Dinter = C. exilis subsp. sedifolia tetragona subsp. tetragona
DICOTYLEDONS CRASSULACEAE Crassula

biplanata × C. ericoides subsp. ericoides, putative hy- capensis (L.) Baill. = C. capensis var. capensis
brid (23) capensis (L.) Baill. var. albertiniae (Schönland) Tölken
bloubergensis R.A.Dyer = C. setulosa var. setulosa C. albertiniae Schönland (23)
C. bartlettii Schönland (23)
bolusii Hook. = C. exilis subsp. cooperi Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 200–
brachypetala Drège ex Harv. = C. pellucida subsp. 400 m. WC
brachypetala capensis (L.) Baill. var. capensis
brachyphylla Adamson = C. decumbens var. brachy- C. capensis (L.) Baill. (23)
phylla C. globifera (Sims) Spreng. (23)
C. saxifraga in sense of Hook., not of Harv. (23)
brachystachya Tölken C. septas Thunb. (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 1300– C. septas Thunb. var. leipoldtii Schönland (23)
2000 m. WC, EC Septas capensis L. (23)
Septas globifera Sims, as ‘globiflora’ (23)
brevifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland, not of Harv., illegiti- Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 200–
mate name = C. decumbens var. brachyphylla 600 m. WC
brevifolia Harv. = C. brevifolia subsp. brevifolia capensis (L.) Baill. var. promontorii (Schönland & Baker
brevifolia Harv. subsp. brevifolia f.) Tölken
C. brevifolia Harv. (23) C. promontorii Schönland & Baker f. (23)
C. flagillima Dinter (23) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 700–
C. flavovirens Pillans (23) 1000 m. WC
C. montis-draconis Dinter (23)
C. pearsonii Schönland (23) capensis var. capensis × C. dentata, putative hybrid (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 20– capillacea E.Mey. ex Drège in part = C. filiformis
1700 m. N, NC, WC
capillacea E.Mey. ex Drège in part, naked name = C.
brevifolia Harv. subsp. psammophila Tölken glomerata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 20–
capitata Lam. = C. subulata var. subulata
300 m. NC
brevifolia in sense of Higgins; Friedrich, not of Harv. = capitata Lodd. = C. fascicularis
C. rupestris subsp. commutata capitella in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. = C. capitella
brevistyla Baker f.= C. capitella subsp. meyeri subsp. meyeri
broomii Schönland = C. barbata subsp. broomii capitella subsp. thyrsiflora × C. exilis subsp. cooperi,
putative hybrid (23)
browniana Burtt Davy = C. expansa subsp. fragilis
bullulata Haw. = C. flava capitella Thunb. = C. capitella subsp. capitella
burmanniana (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. = C. flava capitella Thunb. subsp. capitella
C. albanensis Schönland (23)
caerulata J.F.Gmel. = C. crenulata C. capitella Thunb. (23)
C. hemisphaerica Thunb. var. recurva Schönland (23)
caffra L. (insufficiently known) (23) C. impressa (Haw.) D.Dietr. (23)
campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. C. paniculata (Haw.) D.Dietr. (23)
C. campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. forma compacta C. rufo-punctata Schönland (23)
Schönland (23) C. spicata Thunb. (23)
C. campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. forma laxa Schönland (23) C. subbifaria Schönland (23)
Sedum campestre (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (23) C. thyrsiflora in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. (23)
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 100–1700 m. C. turrita in sense of Harv.; Schönland, not of Thunb., misapplied
name (23)
N, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC C. turrita Thunb. var. latifolia Harv. (23)
campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. forma com- Globulea impressa Haw. (23)
pacta Schönland = C. campestris Globulea impressa Haw. var. minor Haw. (23)
Globulea paniculata Haw. (23)
campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. forma laxa Purgosea alooides (Dryand.) Haw. (23)
Schönland = C. campestris Purgosea capitella (Thunb.) Sweet, as ‘capitellata’ (23)
Purgosea spicata (Thunb.) G.Don (23)
campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. subsp. phar- Purgosea turrita (Thunb.) Sweet in part
naceoides (Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Tölken = C. rho- Purgosea turrita (Thunb.) Sweet var. alba Sweet in part (23)
desica Sedum corymbulosum (Link & Otto) Kuntze in part (23)
campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. subsp. rho- Biennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 50–1700 m.
desica (Merxm.) R.Fern. = C. rhodesica FS, WC, EC
canescens (Haw.) Schult. = C. nudicaulis var. nudi- capitella Thunb. subsp. enantiophylla (Baker f.) Tölken
caulis = C. capitella subsp. nodulosa
capitella Thunb. subsp. meyeri (Harv.) Tölken
canescens (Haw.) Schult. var. angustifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C. brevistyla Baker f. (23)
Harv. = C. nudicaulis var. nudicaulis C. capitella in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. (23)
canescens in sense of Harv., not of (Haw.) Schult., mis- C. capitellata in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. (23)
C. meyeri Harv. (23)
applied name = C. cotyledonis C. natalensis Schönland var. mosii Schönland (23)
canescens in sense of Haw. var. latifolia Harv., misap- Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 0–550 m.
plied name = C. cotyledonis KZN

capitella Thunb. subsp. nodulosa (Schönland) Tölken ciliata L. var. acutifolia E.Mey. ex Drège = C. vagina-
C. avismontana Dinter (23) ta subsp. vaginata
C. capitella Thunb. subsp. enantiophylla (Baker f.) Tölken (23)
C. elata N.E.Br. (23) cinerea Friedrich (insufficiently known) (23)
C. enantiophylla Baker f. (23) clavata N.E.Br.
C. guchabensis Merxm. (23)
C. nodulosa Schönland (23) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt
C. pectinata Conrath (23) 300–1000 m. NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 800– clavifolia Harv. = C. atropurpurea var. atropurpurea
2200 m. N, LIM, G, M, NC clavifolia Harv. var. muirii Schönland = C. atropur-
capitella Thunb. subsp. sessilicymula (Mogg) Tölken purea var. muiri
C. sessilicymula Mogg (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 20–200 m. coccinea L.
C. versicolor Burch. ex Ker Gawl. (23)
LIM, G Dietrichia coccinea (L.) Tratt (23)
capitella Thunb. subsp. thyrsiflora (Thunb.) Tölken Dietrichia versicolor (Ker Gawl.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Aloe pertusa Haw. (23) Kalosanthes coccinea (L.) Haw. (23)
C. corymbulosa Link & Otto (23) Kalosanthes coccinea (L.) Haw. var. alba Haw. (23)
C. corymbulosa Link & Otto var. cordata Schönland (23) Kalosanthes versicolor (Ker Gawl.) Haw. (23)
C. corymbulosa Link & Otto var. lanceolata Schönland (23) Larochea coccinea (L.) Pers. (23)
C. corymbulosa Link & Otto var. major Schönland (23) Rochea coccinea (L.) DC. (23)
C. corymbulosa Link & Otto var. typica Schönland (23) Rochea versicolor (Ker Gawl.) Link (23)
C. luederitzii in sense of Friedrich, not of Schönland (23) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt 0–
C. nuda Compton (23) 700 m. WC
C. rhodogyna Friedrich (23)
C. thyrsiflora Thunb. (23) coerulescens Schönland = C. nemorosa
C. triebneri Schönland (23) cogmansensis (Kuntze) K.Schum. = C. subaphylla var.
C. turrita Thunb. (23) subaphylla
C. turrita Thunb. var. rosea Haw. (23)
Purgosea alooides in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., as ‘Pyrgosea aloides’, columella Marloth & Schönland
not of (Dryand.) Haw. (23) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 30–400
Purgosea corymbulosa (Link & Otto) Sweet m. NC
Purgosea pertusa (Haw.) Haw. (23)
Purgosea pertusula Haw. (23) columnaris in sense of H.Jacobsen; Friedrich, not of
Purgosea thyrsiflora (Thunb.) Sweet (23) Thunb., misapplied name = C. columnaris subsp.
Purgosea turrita (Thunb.) Sweet in part, naked name (23) prolifera
Purgosea turrita (Thunb.) Sweet var. alba Sweet in part (23)
Sedum corymbulosum (Link & Otto) Kuntze in part (23) columnaris Thunb. = C. columnaris subsp. columnaris
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 50–1900 columnaris Thunb. subsp. columnaris
m. N, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC C. columnaris Thunb. (23)
capitellata in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. = C. capi- C. mitrata Friedrich (23)
tella subsp. meyeri Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.01 m.
Alt 1000–1700 m. NC, WC, EC
centauroides in sense of Aiton; Sims; Eckl. & Zeyh.;
Drège; Harv., not of L., misapplied name = C. pel- columnaris Thunb. subsp. prolifera Friedrich
C. barklyi in sense of Friedrich, not of N.E.Br. (23)
lucida subsp. pellucida C. columnaris in sense of H.Jacobsen; Friedrich, not of Thunb., mis-
centauroides in sense of Thunb., not of L., misapplied applied name (23)
name = C. pellucida subsp. marginalis C. columnaris Thunb. var. elongata E.Mey. ex Drège (23)
C. semiorbicularis Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
centauroides L. = C. strigosa
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.01 m.
centauroides L. var. marginalis (Dryand.) Harv. = C. Alt 20–1700 m. N, NC, WC
pellucida subsp. marginalis
columnaris Thunb. var. elongata E.Mey. ex Drège = C.
cephalophora in sense of Schönland in part, excluding columnaris subsp. prolifera
type, not of Thunb. = C. cotyledonis
commutata Friedrich = C. rupestris subsp. commutata
cephalophora Thunb. = C. nudicaulis var. nudicaulis
compacta Schönland
cephalophora Thunb. var. basutica Schönland = C. C. compacta Schönland var. eliator Baker f. (23)
nudicaulis var. nudicaulis C. massonoides Diels (23)
C. mosii Schönland (23)
cephalophora Thunb. var. dubia (Schönland) Schönland Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m.
= C. cotyledonis Alt 1400–2000 m. G, M, FS
cephalophora Thunb. var. tayloriae (Schönland)
compacta Schönland var. eliator Baker f. = C. com-
Schönland = C. cotyledonis
pacta
cephalophora Thunb. var. thunbergii Schönland = C.
nudicaulis var. nudicaulis comptonii Hutchison & Pillans = C. namaquensis
subsp. comptonii
chloraeflora (Haw.) D.Dietr. = C. dichotoma
concinella Haw. (insufficiently known) (23)
ciliata L.
Purgosea ciliata (L.) Sweet (23) concinna Haw. (insufficiently known) (23)
Sedum ciliatum (L.) Kuntze (23)
confusa Schönland & Baker f. = C. nemorosa
300 m. WC, EC congesta N.E.Br. = C. congesta subsp. congesta

congesta N.E.Br. subsp. congesta C. rehmannii Baker f. (23)

C. congesta N.E.Br. (23) C. tayloriae Schönland (23)
C. pachyphylla Schönland (23) Globulea obvallata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of (L.) Haw. (23)
Biennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 1000– Purgosea cotyledonis (Thunb.) Sweet (23)
1600 m. WC, EC Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m, 0.35–0.65 m
when in flower. Alt 50–1800 m. N, NC, WC, EC
congesta N.E.Br. subsp. laticephala (Schönland)
Tölken crassiflora (Kuntze) K.Schum. = C. vaginata subsp.
C. laticephala Schönland (23) vaginata
Biennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 400–700 cremnophila Van Jaarsv. & A.E.van Wyk
m. WC, EC Perennial. Herb, cremnophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.025
conjuncta N.E.Br. = C. perforata m. Alt 100–700 m. EC
connivens Schönland = C. tetragona subsp. connivens crenatifolia Baker f. = C. umbraticola
conspicua Haw. = C. tomentosa var. tomentosa crenulata Thunb.
cooperi in sense of Schönland, not of Regel = C. exilis C. caerulata J.F.Gmel. (23)
C. telephioides Haw. (23)
subsp. sedifolia Purgosea crenulata (Thunb.) G.Don (23)
cooperi Regel = C. exilis subsp. cooperi Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 50–1900
corallina in sense of Higgins; H.Jacobsen; Friedrich, m. KZN, L, EC
not of Thunb., misapplied name = C. corallina cultrata L.
subsp. macrorrhiza C. cultrata L. var. typica Schönland (23)
corallina Thunb. = C. corallina subsp. corallina C. torquata Baker f. (23)
Globulea cultrata (L.) Haw. (23)
corallina Thunb. subsp. corallina Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.8 m. Alt 50–1600
C. corallina (23)
C. dasyphylla Harv. (23) m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 200–1700 cultrata L. var. typica Schönland = C. cultrata
m. N, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC cultrata × C. nudicaulis var. nudicaulis, putative
corallina Thunb. subsp. macrorrhiza Tölken hybrid (23)
C. corallina in sense of Higgins; H.Jacobsen; Friedrich, not of
Thunb., misapplied name (23) cultriformis Friedrich = C. atropurpurea var. cultri-
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 400–1000 formis
m. N, NC cultriformis Friedrich var. robusta Friedrich = C. atrop-
cordata in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. = C. nemorosa urpurea var. cultriformis
cordata in sense of Lodd., not of Thunb. = C. spathulata curta N.E.Br. = C. setulosa var. rubra
cordata Thunb. curta N.E.Br. var. rubra N.E.Br. = C. setulosa var. rubra
C. aitonii Britten & Baker f. (23) cyclophylla Schönland & Baker f. = C. spathulata
C. glauca Schönland (23)
C. neglecta Schult. (23) cylindrica Schönland = C. pyramidalis
C. perfossa in sense of Drège, not of Lam. (23)
cymbiformis Tölken
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 100–500 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt
m. KZN, EC 1000–1750 m. LIM
cornuta Schönland & Baker f. = C. deceptor
cymosa in sense of Thunb., not of P.J.Bergius = C. flava
corpusculariopsis Boom = C. elegans subsp. elegans
cymosa P.J.Bergius
corymbulosa Link & Otto = C. capitella subsp. thyrsi- C. arenicola Tölken (23)
flora C. subulata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of L. (23)
corymbulosa Link & Otto var. cordata Schönland = C. Larochea cymosa (P.J.Bergius) Haw. in part (23)
Rochea cymosa (P.J.Bergius) DC. in part (23)
capitella subsp. thyrsiflora Sedum cymosum (P.J.Bergius) Kuntze (23)
corymbulosa Link & Otto var. lanceolata Schönland = Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt
C. capitella subsp. thyrsiflora 50–1000 m. WC
corymbulosa Link & Otto var. major Schönland = C. dasyphylla Harv. = C. corallina subsp. corallina
capitella subsp. thyrsiflora
debilis Thunb. = C. thunbergiana subsp. thunbergiana
corymbulosa Link & Otto var. typica Schönland = C.
capitella subsp. thyrsiflora deceptor Schönland & Baker f.
C. arta Schönland (23)
cotyledon Jacq. = C. arborescens subsp. arborescens C. cornuta Schönland & Baker f. (23)
cotyledonifolia Salisb. = C. arborescens subsp. arbo- C. deceptrix Schönland (23)
rescens C. deltoidea in sense of Harv., not of Thunb., misapplied name (23)
cotyledonis Thunb. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m, 0.1–0.16 m
C. canescens in sense of Harv., not of (Haw.) Schult., misapplied when in flower. Alt 50–400 m. N, NC
name (23) deceptrix Schönland = C. deceptor
C. canescens in sense of Harv. var. latifolia Harv., misapplied name (23)
C. cephalophora in sense of Schönland in part, excluding type, not decidua Schönland
of Thunb. (23) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.06 m. Alt 500–1200
C. cephalophora Thunb. var. dubia (Schönland) Schönland (23) m. EC
C. cephalophora Thunb. var. tayloriae (Schönland) Schönland (23)
C. dubia Schönland (23) decipiens N.E.Br. = C. tecta

decumbens Thunb. = C. decumbens var. decumbens C. harveyi Britten & Baker f. (23)
C. harveyi Britten & Baker f. var. dependens (Bolus) Schönland (23)
decumbens Thunb. var. brachyphylla (Adamson) C. harveyi Britten & Baker f. var. intermedia Schönland (23)
Tölken C. harveyi Britten & Baker f. var. typica Schönland (23)
Bulliarda brevifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) C. laxa Schönland (23)
C. brachyphylla Adamson (23) C. montis-moltkei Dinter (23)
C. brevifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland, not of Harv., illegitimate Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt
name (23)
Tillaea brevifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. (23)
800–3000 m. N, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.04–0.12 m. Alt 50– depressa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tölken
1000 m. WC, NC C. ecklonii D.Dietr.
Grammanthes depressa Eckl. & Zeyh.
decumbens Thunb. var. decumbens Grammanthes gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. depressa (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Bulliarda trichotoma Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) Harv. (23)
C. decumbens Thunb. (23) Annual. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 20–500
C. langebaanensis Schönland (23)
C. leipoldtii Schönland & Baker f. (23)
m. WC
C. macrantha (Hook.f.) Diels & E.Pritz. (23) dewinteri Friedrich in part = C. pubescens subsp.
Tillaea trichotoma (Eckl. & Zeyh) Walp. (23) pubescens
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.04–0.12 m. Alt 200–
dewinteri Friedrich in part = C. sericea var. sericea
1500 m. WC, NC
decumbens (Willd.) Harv., not of Thunb., illegitimate diabolica N.E.Br. = C. pellucida subsp. brachypetala
name = C. thunbergiana subsp. thunbergiana diaphana Drège ex Harv. = C. strigosa
dejecta Jacq. dichotoma in sense of L.f., not of L. = C. pellucida
C. albiflora Sims (23) subsp. pellucida
C. albiflora Sims var. minor Schönland (23)
C. obvallata in sense of Thunb., not of L. (23) dichotoma L.
C. undata Haw. (23) C. chloraeflora (Haw.) D.Dietr. (23)
C. undulata Haw. (23) C. gentianoides Lam. (23)
Curtogyne albiflora (Sims) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) C. retroflexa Thunb. (23)
Curtogyne dejecta (Jacq.) DC. (23) Grammanthes chloraeflora (Haw.) DC. (23)
Curtogyne undosa Haw. (23) Grammanthes chloraeflora (Haw.) DC. var. caesia Hook.f. (23)
Curtogyne undata (Haw.) Haw. (23) Grammanthes gentianoides (Lam.) DC. (23)
Curtogyne undulata (Haw.) Haw.) (23) Grammanthes gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. caesia Hook.f. (23)
Rochea albiflora (Sims) DC. (23) Grammanthes gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. chloraeflora (Haw.)
Harv. (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt Grammanthes gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. vera Harv. (23)
400–800 m. NC, WC Grammanthes retroflexa (Thunb.) Sweet (23)
deltoidea in sense of Harv., not of Thunb., misapplied Vauanthes chloraeflora Haw. (23)
Vauanthes dichotoma (L.) Kuntze (23)
name = C. deceptor
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 50–
deltoidea in sense of Schönland & Baker f., not of 1500 m. NC, WC
Thunb. = C. plegmatoides
dielsii Schönland = C. dentata
deltoidea in sense of Schönland, not of Thunb. = C.
alstonii diffusa Dryand., species insufficiently known (23)
deltoidea Thunb. dinteri Schönland = C. elegans subsp. elegans
C. rhomboidea N.E.Br. (23) divaricata Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. muricata
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 200–500 divaricata in sense of Schönland & Baker f., not of
m. N, NC, WC, EC Eckl. & Zeyh., misapplied name = C. whiteheadii
deminuta Diels = C. setulosa var. deminuta dodii Schönland & Baker f.
densa N.E.Br. = C. elegans subsp. elegans Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. Alt 100–
densifolia Harv. = C. tetragona subsp. tetragona 600 m. WC
dentata Thunb. drakensbergensis Schönland = C. vaginata subsp. vagi-
C. dentata Thunb. var. minor Harv. (23) nata
C. dielsii Schönland (23)
C. marlothii Schönland (23) dregeana Harv. = C. obovata var. dregeana
C. minima Thunb. (23) dregei (Harv.) Schönland = C. pellucida subsp. brachy-
C. petrogeton Endl. ex Walp. (23) petala
C. patens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. (23)
Petrogeton patens Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) dubia Schönland = C. cotyledonis
Petrogeton typicum Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Petrogeton typicum Eckl. & Zeyh. var. minus Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
ecklonii D.Dietr. = C. depressa
Purgosea dentata (Thunb.) G.Don (23) eendoornensis Dinter = C. tomentosa var. glabrifolia
Purgosea minima (Thunb.) G.Don (23)
elata N.E.Br. = C. capitella subsp. nodulosa
1400 m. WC elatinoides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Friedrich
Bulliarda elatinoides Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
dentata Thunb. var. minor Harv. = C. dentata Tillaea elatinoides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. (23)
dependens Bolus Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.06 m. Alt 1050–1085
C. alpestris in sense of Harv.; Keissl., not of Thunb., misapplied m. WC
name (23)
C. basutica Schönland (23) elegans Schönland & Baker f. = C. elegans subsp. ele-
C. griquaensis Schönland (23) gans

elegans Schönland & Baker f. subsp. elegans expansa Dryand. = C. expansa subsp. expansa
C. corpusculariopsis Boom (23)
C. densa N.E.Br. (23) expansa Dryand. subsp. expansa
C. albicaulis Harv. (23)
C. dinteri Schönland (23)
C. expansa Dryand. (23)
C. elegans Schönland & Baker f. (23)
C. parviflora E.Mey. ex Drège (23)
C. globosa N.E.Br. (23)
C. peploides in sense of Schönland, not of Harv. (23)
C. humilis N.E.Br. (23)
C. prostratum Thunb. (23)
C. liquiritiodora Dinter (23)
Sedum expansum (Dryand. in Aiton) Kuntze (23)
C. mesembrianthoides Schönland & Baker f. (23)
C. schoenlandii H.Jacobsen (23) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 50–2000
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 20–1800 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
m. N, NC expansa Dryand. subsp. filicaulis (Haw.) Tölken
C. filicaulis Haw. (23)
elegans Schönland & Baker f. subsp. namibensis C. maritima Schönland (23)
(Friedrich) Tölken C. uniflora Schönland (23)
C. alstonii in sense of Range, not of Marloth (23)
C. mesembryanthemoides Dinter & A.Berger (23) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 20–600 m.
C. namibensis Friedrich (23) WC, EC
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 20–300 expansa Dryand. subsp. fragilis (Baker) Tölken
m. N C. browniana Burtt Davy (23)
C. fragilis Baker (23)
elongata Schönland = C. pellucida subsp. brachypetala C. furcata in sense of Schönland, not of (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. &
elsieae Tölken Walp., misapplied name (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 1000–1500 C. thorncroftii Burtt Davy (23)
C. woodii Schönland (23)
m. WC
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m.
enantiophylla Baker f. = C. capitella subsp. nodulosa Alt 50–1800 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
engleri Schönland = C. montana subsp. montana
expansa Dryand. subsp. peculiaris Tölken = C. pecu-
ericoides Haw. = C. ericoides subsp. ericoides liaris
ericoides Haw. subsp. ericoides
C. ericoides Haw. (23)
expansa Dryand. subsp. pyrifolia (Compton) Tölken
C. albicaulis in sense of Friedrich, not of Harv. (23)
C. furcata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
C. pyrifolia Compton (23)
C. jacobseniana Poelln. (23)
Tetraphyle furcata Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 50–500 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt N, NC, WC
20–1000 m. KZN, WC, EC falcata J.C.Wendl. = C. perfoliata var. minor
ericoides Haw. subsp. tortuosa Tölken fallax Friedrich
C. ericoides Haw. subsp. tortuosa Tölken, as ‘torulosa’ (23) Curtogyne dejecta in sense of Eckl., not of (Jacq.) DC., misapplied
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt name (23)
800–1200 m. WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 20–
ericoides Haw. subsp. tortuosa Tölken, as ‘torulosa’ = 400 m. WC
C. ericoides subsp. tortuosa fallax × C. scabra, putative hybrid (23)
ernestii Schönland & Baker f. = C. lanuginosa var. falx Linding = C. perfoliata var. minor
pachystemon fascicularis Lam.
erosula N.E.Br. in part = C. subacaulis subsp. erosula C. biconvexa Haw. (23)
C. capitata Lodd. (23)
exilis Harv. = C. exilis subsp. exilis C. media (Haw.) D.Dietr. (23)
exilis Harv. subsp. cooperi (Regel) Tölken C. odoratissima Andrews (23)
C. bolusii Hook. (23) C. subulata in sense of P.J.Bergius; Thunb., not of L., misapplied
C. cooperi Regel (23) name (23)
C. picturata in sense of Boom, not of Friedrich (23) Dietrichia bicolor (Haw.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Sedum regelii Kuntze (23) Dietrichia media (Haw.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Dietrichia odoratissima (Andrews) Tratt. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Kalosanthes bicolor Haw. (23)
Alt 900–1500 m. EC Kalosanthes biconvexa (Haw.) Haw. (23)
exilis Harv. subsp. exilis Kalosanthes capitata (Lodd.) Sweet (23)
C. alpestris in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. (23) Kalosanthes cymosa (P.J.Bergius) Haw. (23)
C. exilis Harv. (23) Kalosanthes fascicularis (Lam.) G.Don (23)
C. petraea Schönland (23) Kalosanthes media Haw. (23)
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Kalosanthes odoratissima (Andrews) Haw. (23)
Kalosanthes odoratissima (Andrews) Haw. var. alba (DC.) G.Don (23)
Alt 900–1100 m. NC Larochea cymosa (P.J.Bergius) Haw. in part (23)
exilis Harv. subsp. sedifolia (N.E.Br.) Tölken Larochea fascicularis (Lam.) Schult. (23)
C. aurosensis Dinter (23) Larochea odoratissima (Andrews) Haw. (23)
C. cooperi in sense of Schönland, not of Regel (23) Larochea odoratissima (Andrews) Haw. var. bicolor (Haw.) DC. (23)
C. picturata in sense of Friedrich, not of Boom, misapplied name Larochea tiniflora Lem. (23)
(23) Rochea bicolor (Haw.) Steud. (23)
C. sedifolia N.E.Br. (23) Rochea biconvexa (Haw.) DC. (23)
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Rochea fascicularis (Lam.) DC. (23)
Rochea media (Haw.) DC. (23)
Alt 500–900 m. N, NC Rochea odoratissima (Andrews) Link (23)
exilis in sense of Keissl., not of Harv. = C. setulosa var. Rochea odoratissima (Andrews) Link var. alba DC. (23)
rubra Rochea odoratissima (Andrews) Link var. bicolor (Haw.) DC. (23)

Rochea subulata (L.) Adamson (23) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt
Rochea versicolor in sense of Harv. in part, not of (Ker Gawl.) Link, 500–800 m. N, NC
misapplied name (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 50– garibina Marloth & Schönland subsp. glabra Tölken
1200 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt
900–1300 m. NC
fastigiata Schönland = C. subulata var. fastigiata
gemmifera Friedrich
fergusoniae Schönland = C. pubescens subsp. pubes-
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.07 m. Alt 1000–
cens
fergusoniae Schönland forma major Schönland = C.
gentianoides Lam. = C. dichotoma
pubescens subsp. pubescens
giessii Friedrich = C. ausensis subsp. giessii
filamentosa Schönland = C. lanceolata subsp. lanceo-
lata gifbergensis Friedrich = C. atropurpurea var. water-
meyeri
filicaulis Haw. = C. expansa subsp. filicaulis
gillii Schönland = C. montana subsp. quadrangularis
filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr.
C. capillacea E.Mey. ex Drège, in part (23) glabra Haw. = C. glomerata
Dinacria filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (23)
Grammanthes filiformis Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
glabrifolia Harv. = C. tomentosa var. glabrifolia
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 20–200 m. glauca Schönland = C. cordata
WC, EC globosa N.E.Br. = C. elegans subsp. elegans
flabellifolia Harv. = C. umbella globifera (Sims) Spreng. = C. capensis var. capensis
flagillima Dinter = C. brevifolia subsp. brevifolia globosa N.E.Br. = C. elegans subsp. elegans
flanaganii Schönland & Baker f. globularioides Britten subsp. argyrophylla (Schönland
C. acuminata E.Mey. ex Drège (23) & Baker f.) Tölken = C. swaziensis
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 50–900 m.
KZN, EC glomerata P.J.Bergius
C. capillacea E.Mey. ex Drège in part, naked name (23)
flava L. C. glabra Haw. (23)
C. bullulata Haw. (23) C. glomerata P.J.Bergius var. patens Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
C. burmanniana (Eckl. & Zeyh.) D.Dietr. (23) C. scleranthoides Burm.f. (23)
C. cymosa in sense of Thunb., not of P.J.Bergius (23) Dasystemon calycina DC. in part (23)
C. virgata in sense of E.Mey. ex Drège, not of Harv., naked name (23) Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 50–800 m.
Curtogyne burmanniana Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) NC, WC
Curtogyne flava (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Kalosanthes flava (L.) Sweet (23) glomerata P.J.Bergius var. patens Eckl. & Zeyh. = C.
Larochea flava (L.) Haw. (23) glomerata
Rochea flava (L.) DC. (23)
Sedum flavum (L.) Kuntze (23)
grammanthoides (Schönland) Tölken
Dinacria grammanthoides Schönland (23)
Sedum flavum (L.) Kuntze var. brevifolium Kuntze (23)
Sedum flavum (L.) Kuntze var. lorifolium Kuntze (23) Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 200–400 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt WC
20–500 m. WC griquaensis Schönland = C. dependens
flavovirens Pillans = C. brevifolia subsp. brevifolia grisea Schönland
C. bakeri Schönland (23)
fragilis Baker = C. expansa subsp. fragilis C. ihlenfeldtii Friedrich (23)
fragilis Schönland = C. pubescens subsp. pubescens Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 50–400 m.
N, NC
fruticulosa in sense of Harv., not of L., misapplied name
= C. biplanata guchabensis Merxm. = C. capitella subsp. nodulosa
fruticulosa in sense of Keissl., not of L. = C. sarco- guilelmi-trollii Stopp = C. hirsuta
caulis subsp. rupicola hallii Adcock, illegitimate name = C. sericea var.
fruticulosa L. (insufficiently known) (23) sericea
furcata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = C. ericoides harveyi Britten & Baker f. = C. dependens
subsp. ericoides harveyi Britten & Baker f. var. dependens (Bolus)
furcata in sense of Schönland, not of (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland = C. dependens
Endl. & Walp., misapplied name = C. expansa harveyi Britten & Baker f. var. intermedia Schönland =
subsp. fragilis C. dependens
fusca Herre harveyi Britten & Baker f. var. typica Schönland = C.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt dependens
800–1090 m. N, NC hemispharica in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. = C.
galpinii Schönland = C. peploides montana subsp. quadrangularis
garibina Marloth & Schönland = C. garibina subsp. hemisphaerica Thunb.
garibina C. alooides Dryand. (23)
C. hemisphaerica Thunb. var. foliosa Schönland (23)
garibina Marloth & Schönland subsp. garibina C. hemisphaerica Thunb. var. typica Schönland (23)
C. garibina Marloth & Schönland (23) Purgosea hemisphaerica (Thunb.) G.Don (23)

Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 500–1000 interrupta Drège ex Harv., naked name = C. tomentosa
m. WC, EC var. glabrifolia
hemisphaerica Thunb. var. foliosa Schönland = C. hemi- interrupta Drège ex Harv. var. glabrifolia (Harv.)
sphaerica Schönland = C. tomentosa var. glabrifolia
hemisphaerica Thunb. var. recurva Schönland = C. capi- involucrata Schönland = C. pellucida subsp. brachy-
tella subsp. capitella petala
hemisphaerica Thunb. var. typica Schönland = C. hemi- jacobseniana Poelln. = C. ericoides subsp. ericoides
sphaerica
jasminiana Haw. ex Sims = C. obtusa
herrei Friedrich = C. nudicaulis var. herrei
johannis-winkleri Linding. = C. perfoliata var. coc-
heterotricha Schinz = C. perfoliata var. heterotricha
cinea
hirsuta Schönland & Baker f.
C. guilelmi-trollii Stopp (23) karasana Friedrich = C. ausensis subsp. ausensis
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.06 m. Alt 50–1600 m. klinghardtensis Schönland = C. sericea var. sericea
NC, WC, EC lactea Sol.
hirta Thunb. = C. nudicaulis var. nudicaulis Perennial. Succulent, scrambler. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 50–
hirta Thunb. var. dyeri Schönland = C. nudicaulis var. 800 m. KZN, WC, EC
nudicaulis lambertiana Schönland & Baker f. = C. oblanceolata
hirtipes Harv. lanceolata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = C. lanceo-
C. hystrix Schönland (23)
lata subsp. lanceolata
m. NC, WC lanceolata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. subsp. den-
ticulata (Brenan) Tölken
hirtipes × C. subaphylla var. virgata, putative hybrid (23) C. pentandra Royle ex Edgew. var. denticulata Brenan (23)
hispida (Haw.) D.Dietr. = C. mesembryanthoides subsp. C. schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. denticulata (Brenan) R.Fern. (23)
C. schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. lanceolata (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
hispida Tölken in part (23)
hispida in sense of Schönland & Baker f., not of (Haw.) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 800–2200
D.Dietr., misapplied name = C. subulata var. m. LIM
hispida
lanceolata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. subsp. lance-
hofmeyeriana Dinter = C. ausensis subsp. ausensis olata
hottentotta Marloth & Schönland = C. sericea var. hot- C. filamentosa Schönland (23)
C. lanceolata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
tentotta C. muscosa in sense of Harv., not of L., misapplied name (23)
humilis N.E.Br. = C. elegans subsp. elegans C. parvula in sense of Schönland; Adamson; Jacot Guill., not of
(Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
hystrix Schönland = C. hirtipes C. schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. forma filamentosa (Schönland)
ihlenfeldtii Friedrich = C. grisea R.Fern. (23)
C. schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. illecebroides (Welw. ex Hiern)
imbricata Burm.f. = C. muscosa var. muscosa G.D.Rowley (23)
impressa (Haw.) D.Dietr. = C. capitella subsp. capitella C. schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. lanceolata (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Tölken in part (23)
impressa N.E.Br. (insufficiently known) (23) Sedum muscosum (L.) Kuntze in part (23)
inaequalis Schönland = C. acinaciformis Tetraphyle lanceolata Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Tetraphyle muscosa (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. in part (23)
inamoena N.E.Br. = C. subacaulis subsp. erosula Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 50–3500
inandensis Schönland & Baker f. m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC,
C. wyliei Schönland (23) EC
Perennial. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt lanceolata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. subsp. trans-
500–550 m. KZN, EC vaalensis (Kuntze) Tölken
inanis Thunb. C. schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. forma transvaalensis (Kuntze)
Bulliarda perfoliata (L.f.) DC. (23) R.Fern. (23)
Helophytum inane (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) C. schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. subsp. transvaalensis (Kuntze)
Helophytum inane (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. latifolium Eckl. & R.Fern. (23)
Zeyh. (23) C. schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. schimperi in part (23)
Tillaea inanis (Thunb.) Steud. (23) C. schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. transvaalensis (Kuntze)
Tillaea perfoliata L.f. (23) R.Fern. (23)
Tillaea perfoliata L.f. var. latifolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. (23) C. selago Dinter (23)
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, hydrophyte, succulent. C. subulata in sense of (Hook.f.) Harv., not of L., misapplied name (23)
C. transvaalensis (Kuntze) K.Schum. (23)
Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 50–3000 m. M, FS, KZN, L, Sedum transvaalense Kuntze, as ‘transvalense’ (23)
WC, EC Tillaea subulata (Hook.f.) Britten
incana (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. = C. subaphylla var. sub- Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 200–3500
aphylla m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC,
inchangensis Engl. = C. obovata var. obovata EC
intermedia Schönland langebaanensis Schönland = C. decumbens var.
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m when in flower. decumbens
Alt 0–500 m. EC lanuginosa Harv. = C. lanuginosa var. lanuginosa

lanuginosa Harv. var. lanuginosa luederitzii in sense of Friedrich, not of Schönland = C.

C. lanuginosa Harv. (23) capitella subsp. thyrsiflora
C. strigosa in sense of E.Mey. ex Drège, not of L. (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 1000– lutea (Schönland) Friedrich = C. namaquensis subsp.
3500 m. L, EC lutea
lanuginosa Harv. var. pachystemon (Schönland & lycopodioides Lam. = C. muscosa var. muscosa
Baker f.) Tölken lycopodioides Lam. var. obtusifolia Harv. = C. muscosa
C. ernestii Schönland & Baker f. (23) var. obtusifolia
C. pachystemon Schönland & Baker f. (23)
lycopodioides Lam. var. polypodacea (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Harv. = C. muscosa var. polpodacea
m. KZN, EC
lycopodioides Lam. var. pseudolycopodioides (Dinter)
lasiantha Drège ex Harv.
Walther ex H.Jacobsen = C. muscosa var. mus-
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m, prostrate
cosa
branches up to 0.2 m. Alt 1200–2100 m. WC
latibracteata Tölken macowaniana Schönland & Baker f.
C. macowaniana Schönland & Baker f. var. crassifolia Schönland
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt (23)
600–850 m. EC C. ramosa in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh.; Harv., not of Thunb., misap-
plied name (23)
laticephala Schönland = C. congesta subsp. laticephala Rochea perfoliata (L.) DC. var. glabberima E.Mey. ex Drège, naked
latispathulata Schönland & Baker f. = C. spathulata name (23)
laxa Schönland = C. dependens Perennial. Shrub, lithophyte, succulent. Ht 0.15–1.2
m. Alt 500–2200 m. N, NC, WC
leipoldtii Schönland & Baker f. = C. decumbens var.
decumbens macowaniana Schönland & Baker f. var. crassifolia
Schönland = C. macowaniana
lettyae E.Phillips = C. barbata subsp. barbata
macowanii Scott-Elliot = C. tetragona subsp. acutifolia
levynsiae Adamson = C. natans var. natans
macrantha (Hook.f.) Diels & E.Pritz. = C. decumbens
lignosa Burtt Davy = C. sarcocaulis subsp. sarcocaulis var. decumbens
limosa Schönland = C. papillosa maputensis R.Fern.
lineolata Dryand. = C. pellucida subsp. marginalis Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 50–100
lineolata forma gracilis Schönland in sense of Schön- m. KZN
land, not of Dryand. = C. pellucida subsp. brachy- marchandii Friedrich (insufficiently known) (23)
petala margaritifera (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. = C. mollis
lineolata forma magna Schönland in sense of Schön-
marginalis Dryand. = C. pellucida subsp. marginalis
land, not of Dryand. = C. pellucida subsp. brachy-
petala marginata Thunb. = C. pellucida subsp. pellucida
lineolata forma natalensis Schönland in sense of maritima Schönland = C. expansa subsp. filicaulis
Schönland, not of Dryand. = C. pellucida subsp. marlothii Schönland = C. dentata
brachypetala marnieriana Huber & H.Jacobsen = C. rupestris subsp.
lineolata in sense of Schönland, not of Dryand. = C. marnieriana
pellucida subsp. brachypetala massonii Britten & Baker f. = C. alpestris subsp. mas-
lineolata var. petiolata Schönland in sense of sonii
Schönland, not of Dryand. = C. pellucida subsp. massonoides Diels = C. compacta
brachypetala
media (Haw.) D.Dietr. = C. fascicularis
lineolata var. pilosa Schönland in sense of Schönland,
merxmuelleri Friedrich = C. sericea var. hottentotta
not of Dryand. = C. pellucida subsp. brachy-
petala mesembrianthemopsis Dinter
linguifolia Haw. = C. tomentosa var. tomentosa
m. N, NC
liquiritiodora Dinter = C. elegans subsp. elegans
mesembrianthoides Schönland & Baker f. = C. elegans
littlewoodii Friedrich = C. ausensis subsp. ausensis subsp. elegans
littoralis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = C. muscosa mesembryanthemoides Dinter & A.Berger = C. elegans
var. muscosa subsp. namibensis
loganiana Compton = C. subaphylla var. subaphylla
mesembryanthoides (Haw.) D.Dietr. = C. mesembryan-
longistyla Schönland = C. obovata var. dregeana thoides subsp. mesembryanthoides
loriformis Schönland & Baker f. = C. umbella mesembryanthoides (Haw.) D.Dietr. subsp. hispida
lucens Gram = C. ovata (Haw.) Tölken
lucida Lam. = C. spathulata C. hispida (Haw.) D.Dietr. (23)
Globulea hispida Haw. (23)
luederitzii Schönland Sphaeritis paucifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 1000– Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt
1500 m. N 50–1200 m. EC

mesembryanthoides (Haw.) D.Dietr. subsp. mesem- multiceps Harv.

bryanthoides Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.04–0.06 m. Alt 120–
C. mesembryanthoides (Haw.) D.Dietr. (23) 550 m. NC, WC
C. trachysantha (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (23)
Globulea mesembryanthoides Haw. (23) multiflora Schönland & Baker f. = C. multiflora subsp.
Sphaeritis trachysantha Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) multiflora
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 50– multiflora Schönland & Baker f. subsp. leucantha
1500 m. EC (Schönland & Baker f.) Tölken
meyeri Harv. = C. capitella subsp. meyeri Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.8 m. Alt 250–
micrantha Schönland = C. atropurpurea var. atropur- 300 m. WC
purea multiflora Schönland & Baker f. subsp. multiflora
C. multiflora Schönland & Baker f. (23)
milfordiae Byles = C. setulosa var. rubra
milleriana Burtt Davy = C. alba var. alba 1600 m. WC
minima in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. = C.
muricata Thunb.
pellucida subsp. pellucida C. divaricata Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
minima Thunb. = C. dentata Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 500–
minuta Tölken 1700 m. WC
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.03 m. Alt 1000– muscosa in sense of Harv., Keissl., not of L., misapplied
2200 m. NC, WC name = C. lanceolata subsp. lanceolata
minutiflora Schönland & Baker f. = C. thunbergiana muscosa L. = C. muscosa var. muscosa
subsp. minutiflora
muscosa L. var. muscosa
mitrata Friedrich = C. columnaris subsp. columnaris C. anguina Harv. (23)
mollis Thunb. C. imbricata Burm.f. (23)
C. margaritifera (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (23) C. littoralis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
C. subincana (Haw.) D.Dietr. (23) C. lycopodioides Lam. (23)
Globulea mollis (Thunb.) Haw. ex DC. (23) C. lycopodioides Lam. var. pseudolycopodioides (Dinter) Walther
Globulea subincana Haw. (23) ex H.Jacobsen (23)
Globulea subincana Haw. var. decumbens Haw. (23) C. muscosa L. (23)
Globulea subincana Haw. var. erecta Haw. (23) C. pseudolycopodioides Dinter & Schinz (23)
Sphaeritis margaritifera Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) Lycopodium hieronymii Herter (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 400– Sedum lycopodioides (Lam.) Kuntze (23)
Tetraphyle littoralis Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
850 m. WC, EC Tetraphyle lycopodioides (Lam.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
montana Thunb. = C. montana subsp. montana Tetraphyle muscosa (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. in part (23)
montana Thunb. subsp. montana Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 50–1800
C. engleri Schönland (23) m. N, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
C. montana Thunb. (23) muscosa L. var. obtusifolia (Harv.) G.D.Rowley
Purgosea montana (Thunb.) G.Don (23) C. lycopodioides Lam. var. obtusifolia Harv. (23)
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.12 m. C. muscosa L. var. rigida Tölken, illegitimate name. (23)
Alt 200–2000 m. NC, WC C. propinqua (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
Tetraphyle propinqua (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
montana Thunb. subsp. quadrangularis (Schönland) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 50–1100
Tölken
C. gillii Schönland (23) m. N, NC, WC
C. hemisphaerica in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. (23) muscosa L. var. parvula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tölken
C. quadrangularis Schönland (23) C. parvula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.12 m. Alt 100–1400 Tetraphyle parvula Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
m. WC, EC Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 800–
monticola N.E.Br. = C. rupestris subsp. rupestris 1700 m. NC, WC, EC
montis-draconis Dinter = C. brevifolia subsp. brevifolia muscosa L. var. polpodacea (Eckl. & Zeyh.) G.D.Rowley
C. lycopodioides Lam. var. polypodacea (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (23)
montis-moltkei Dinter = C. dependens C. muscosa L. var. sinuata Tölken, illegitimate name. (23)
mossii Schönland = C. compacta C. polpodacea (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
mucronata Keissl. = C. southii subsp. southii Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 50–1200
m. EC
multicava in sense of J.M.Wood & Evans, not of Lem. =
C. multicava subsp. floribunda muscosa L. var. rigida Tölken, illegitimate name = C.
muscosa var. obtusifolia
multicava Lem. = C. multicava subsp. multicava
muscosa L. var. sinuata Tölken, illegitimate name. = C.
multicava Lem. subsp. floribunda Friedrich ex Tölken
C. multicava in sense of J.M.Wood & Evans, not of Lem. (23) muscosa var. polpodacea
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 1000–1800 namaquensis Schönland & Baker f.= C. namaquensis
m. KZN subsp. namaquensis
multicava Lem. subsp. multicava namaquensis Schönland & Baker f. subsp. comptonii
C. multicava Lem. (23) (Hutchison & Pillans) Tölken
C. quadrifida Baker f. (23) C. comptonii Hutchison & Pillans (23)
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.04 m, up to 0.08 m
50–500 m. KZN, EC when in flower. Alt 700–800 m. NC, WC

namaquensis Schönland & Baker f. subsp. lutea (Schön- Helophytum fluitans Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
land) Tölken Helophytum fluitans Eckl. & Zeyh. var. intermedium Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
C. lutea (Schönland) Friedrich (23) Helophytum fluitans Eckl. & Zeyh. var. obovatum Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
C. namaquensis Schönland & Baker f. var. lutea Schönland Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. amphibia Harv. (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m, up to 0.25 m Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. fluitans (Eckl. &
when in flower. Alt 600–2000 m. WC Zeyh.) Harv. (23)
namaquensis Schönland & Baker f. subsp. namaquensis Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. obovatum (Eckl. &
C. namaquensis Schönland & Baker f. (23) Zeyh.) Harv. (23)
C. namaquensis Schönland & Baker f. var. brevifolia Schönland (23) Helophytum reflexum Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Tillaea capensis L.f. (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.08 m, 0.25–0.4 Tillaea filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
m when in flower. Alt 1500–1800 m. N, NC Tillaea filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. var. parvula (Eckl.
namaquensis Schönland & Baker f. var. brevifolia & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
Tillaea fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
Schönland = C. namaquensis subsp. namaquensis Tillaea fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. var. intermedia
namaquensis Schönland & Baker f. var. lutea Schönland (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
= C. namaquensis subsp. lutea Tillaea fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. var. obovata (Eckl.
& Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
namibensis Friedrich = C. elegans subsp. namibensis Tillaea reflexa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. (23)
nana Schönland & Baker f. = C. umbellata Annual, occ. perennial. Succulent, hydrophyte. Ht 0.02–
natalensis Schönland 0.25 m. Alt 50–3400 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS,
C. rubescens Schönland & Baker f. (23) KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
C. rubescens Schönland & Baker f. var. intermedia Schönland (23)
C. rubescens Schönland & Baker f. var. laxa Schönland (23) nealeana Higgins = C. perforata
C. sessilifolia Baker f. (23)
neglecta Schult. = C. cordata
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ±
0.4 m. Alt 700–3400 m. M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC nemorosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp.
C. coerulescens Schönland (23)
natalensis Schönland var. mossii Schönland = C. C. confusa Schönland & Baker f. (23)
capitella subsp. meyeri C. cordata in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. (23)
C. nivalis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. (23)
natans Thunb. = C. natans var. natans Petrogeton nemorosum Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
natans Thunb. forma amphibia (Harv.) Schönland = C. Petrogeton nivale Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
natans var. natans Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.04–0.15 m. Alt 200–
natans Thunb. forma filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schön- 1800 m. N, NC, WC, EC
land = C. natans var. minus nitida Schönland = C. ovata
natans Thunb. forma fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schön- nivalis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. = C. nemorosa
land = C. natans var. natans nodulosa Schönland = C. capitella subsp. nodulosa
natans Thunb. forma obovata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schön-
nuda Compton = C. capitella subsp. thyrsiflora
land = C. natans var. natans
natans Thunb. forma parvifolia Schönland = C. natans nudicaulis L. = C. nudicaulis var. nudicaulis
var. natans nudicaulis L. var. glabra Schönland = C. nudicaulis
natans Thunb. subsp. filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Fried- var. nudicaulis
rich = C. natans var. minus nudicaulis L. var. herrei (Friedrich) Tölken
C. herrei Friedrich (23)
natans Thunb. subsp. natans = C. natans var. natans
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m, 0.15–
natans Thunb. var. filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tölken = 0.45 m when in flower. Alt 50–1150 m. NC
C. natans var. minus
nudicaulis L. var. nudicaulis
natans Thunb. var. minus (Eckl. & Zeyh.) G.D.Rowley C. canescens (Haw.) Schult. (23)
C. natans Thunb. forma filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland (23) C. canescens (Haw.) Schult. var. angustifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (23)
C. natans Thunb. subsp. filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Friedrich (23 C. cephalophora Thunb. (23)
C. natans Thunb. var. filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tölken (23) C. cephalophora Thunb. var. basutica Schönland (23)
Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. filiformis (Eckl. & C. cephalophora Thunb. var. thunbergii Schönland (23)
Zeyh.) Harv. (23) C. hirta Thunb. (23)
Helophytum natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. minus Eckl. & C. hirta Thunb. var. dyeri Schönland (23)
Zeyh. (23) C. nudicaulis L. (23)
Tillaea ecklonis Walp. (23) C. nudicaulis L. var. glabra Schönland (23)
Annual, occ. perennial. Succulent, hydrophyte. Ht 0.02– C. obvallata L. (23)
0.25 m. Alt 50–100 m. WC C. platyphylla Harv. (23)
C. platyphylla in sense of Schönland; Jacot Guill., not of Harv., mis-
natans Thunb. var. natans applied name (23)
Bulliarda capensis (L.f.) E.Mey. ex Drège (23) C. sulcata (Haw.) D.Dietr. (23)
C. levynsiae Adamson (23) Globulea canescens Haw. (23)
C. natans Thunb. (23) Globulea canescens Haw. var. angustifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
C. natans Thunb. forma amphibia (Harv.) Schönland (23) Globulea capitata Salm-Dyck ex Haw. (23)
C. natans Thunb. forma fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland (23) Globulea lingua Haw., naked name (23)
C. natans Thunb. forma obovata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland (23) Globulea nudicaulis (L.) Haw. (23)
C. natans Thunb. forma parvifolia Schönland (23) Globulea obvallata (L.) Haw. (23)
C. natans Thunb. subsp. natans (23) Globulea sulcata Haw. (23)
Helophytum filiforme Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) Purgosea cephalophora (Thunb.) G.Don (23)
Helophytum filiforme Eckl. & Zeyh. var. parvulum Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) Purgosea hirta (Thunb.) G.Don (23)

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m, 0.15– Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 50–1800
0.45 m when in flower. Alt 50–3400 m. NW, G, m. KZN, WC, EC
FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC orbicularis × C. montana subsp. quadrangularis, puta-
nudicaulis L. var. platyphylla (Harv.) Tölken tive hybrid
C. platyphylla Harv. (23)
ovata in sense of E.Mey. ex Drège, not of (Mill.) Druce,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m, 0.15–
naked name = C. sarmentosa var. sarmentosa
0.45 m when in flower. Alt 400–1800 m. NC,
WC, EC ovata (Mill.) Druce
Cotyledon ovata Mill. (23)
numaisensis Friedrich C. arborescens in sense of Keissl.; Marloth, not of (Mill.) Willd.,
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 900–1200 m. N misapplied name (23)
oblanceolata Schönland & Baker f. C. argentea Thunb. (23)
C. lambertiana Schönland & Baker f. (23) C. articulata Zuccagni (23)
C. tenuis in sense of Adamson, not of Wolley-Dod, misapplied name C. lucens Gram (23)
(23) C. nitida Schönland (23)
C. obliqua Sol., superfluous name (23)
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.06–0.12 m. Alt? N, NC, C. portulacea Lam. (23)
WC, EC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 50–1800 m.
obliqua Haw. = C. atropurpurea var. atropurpurea KZN, EC
obliqua Sol., superfluous name = C. ovata pachyphylla Schönland = C. congesta subsp. congesta
obovata Haw. = C. obovata var. obovata pachystemon Schönland & Baker f. = C. lanuginosa
obovata Haw. var. dregeana (Harv.) Tölken var. pachystemon
C. dregeana Harv. (23)
C. longistyla Schönland (23) pageae Tölken
C. squamulosa in sense of E.Mey. ex Drège, not of Schltdl. in part (23) Pagella archeri Schönland (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 50– Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.002–0.004 m. Alt 500–
300 m. KZN, EC 1700 m. NC, WC
obovata Haw. var. obovata pallens Schönland & Baker f.
C. inchangensis Engl. (23) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 50–
C. obovata Haw. (23) 500 m. N, NC, WC
C. peglerae Schönland (23)
C. perforata in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. (23) pallida Baker = C. perfoliata var. perfoliata
C. punctata in sense of Haw., not of L. (23) pallida in sense of J.M.Wood & Evans, not of Baker =
C. ramuliflora Link & Otto (23)
C. ramuliflora Link & Otto var. bewsii Schönland (23)
C. perfoliata var. heterotricha
C. ramuliflora Link & Otto var. bolusii Schönland (23) paniculata (Haw.) D.Dietr. = C. capitella subsp. capi-
C. ramuliflora Link & Otto var. flanaganii Schönland (23) tella
C. ramuliflora Link & Otto var. pulchella (Harv.) Schönland (23)
C. ramuliflora Link & Otto var. rattrayi Schönland (23) papillosa Schönland & Baker f.
C. ramuliflora Link & Otto var. simii Schönland (23) C. limosa Schönland (23)
C. ramuliflora Link & Otto var. stachyera (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. Alt 1500–
Schönland (23) 2400 m. WC, EC
C. ramuliflora Link & Otto var. typica Schönland (23)
C. reversisetosa Bitter (23) parviflora E.Mey. ex Drège = C. expansa subsp. ex-
C. sediflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. var. laxifoliosa pansa
Schönland (23) parvipetala Schönland = C. tenuipedicellata
C. stachyera Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
C. stachyera Eckl. & Zeyh. var. rotundifolia Harv (23) parvisepala Schönland = C. sarcocaulis subsp. sarco-
Purgosea obovata (Haw.) Haw. (23) caulis
Sedum ramuliflorum (Link & Otto) Kuntze (23)
Sedum ramuliflorum (Link & Otto) Kuntze forma rubriflorum parvula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = C. muscosa
Kuntze (23) var. parvula
Sedum ramuliflorum (Link & Otto) Kuntze var. oblongifolia Kuntze (23) parvula in sense of Schönland; Adamson; Jacot Guill.,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 50– not of (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = C. lance-
3400 m. KZN, L, EC olata subsp. lanceolata
obtusa Haw. patens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. = C. dentata
C. jasminiana Haw. ex Sims (23)
Dietrichia jasminea (Sims) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) patersoniae Schönland = C. perforata
Dietrichia jasminea (Sims) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. uniflora Eckl. & pearsonii Schönland = C. brevifolia subsp. brevifolia
Zeyh. (23)
Kalosanthes jasminea (Sims) Haw. (23) pectinata Conrath = C. capitella subsp. nodulosa
Rochea jasminea (Sims) DC. (23) peculiaris (Tölken) Tölken & Wickens
Rochea microphylla E.Mey. ex Drège, naked name (23) C. expansa Dryand. subsp. peculiaris Tölken (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt Perennial. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht 0.03–0.08
400–2000 m. WC, EC m. Alt 1200–1800 m. WC
obvallata in sense of Thunb., not of L. = C. dejecta peglerae Schönland = C. obovata var. obovata
obvallata L. = C. nudicaulis var. nudicaulis pellucida in sense of Thunb., not of L. = C. strigosa
odoratissima Andrews = C. fascicularis pellucida L. = C. pellucida subsp. pellucida
orbicularis L. pellucida L. subsp. alsinoides (Hook.f.) Tölken
C. rosularis Haw. (23) C. alsinoides Hook.f. (23)
C. sedoides Mill. (23) Tillaea alsinoides Hook.f. (23)

Perennial. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht 0.01–0.08 perfoliata L. var. falcata (J.C.Wendl.) Tölken = C. per-
m. Alt 50–2000 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC foliata var. minor
pellucida L. subsp. brachypetala (Drège ex Harv.) perfoliata L. var. heterotricha (Schinz) Tölken
Tölken C. heterotricha Schinz (23)
Bulliarda dregei Harv. (23) C. pallida in sense of J.M.Wood & Evans, not of Baker (23)
C. brachypetala Drège ex Harv. (23) C. perfoliata in sense of Burtt Davy, not of L. (23)
C. diabolica N.E.Br. (23) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt
C. dregei (Harv.) Schönland (23) 800–2000 m. M, S, KZN, EC
C. elongata Schönland (23)
C. involucrata Schönland (23) perfoliata L. var. miniata Tölken, illegitimate name = C.
C. lineolata forma gracilis in sense of Schönland, not of Dryand. (23) perfoliata var. coccinea
C. lineolata forma magna in sense of Schönland, not of Dryand. (23) perfoliata L. var. minor (Haw.) G.D.Rowley
C. lineolata forma natalensis in sense of Schönland, not of Dryand. (23) C. falcata J.C.Wendl. (23)
C. lineolata in sense of Schönland, not of Dryand. (23) C. falx Linding. (23)
C. lineolata var. petiolata in sense of Schönland, not of Dryand. (23) C. perfoliata L. var. falcata (J.C.Wendl.) Tölken (23)
C. lineolata var. pilosa in sense of Schönland, not of Dryand., naked C. retroflexa in sense of Meerb., not of Thunb.(23)
name (23) Larochea falcata (J.C.Wendl.) Pers. (23)
C. prostrata E.Mey. ex Drège, naked name (23) Larochea falcata (J.C.Wendl.) Pers. var. minor Haw. (23)
C. tysonii Schönland (23) Rochea falcata (J.C.Wendl.) DC. (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Rochea falcata (J.C.Wendl.) DC. var. minor (Haw.) DC. (23)
Alt 50–3000 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, lithophyte, succulent. Ht
pellucida L. subsp. marginalis (Dryand. in Aiton) Tölken 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 50–1400 m. EC
C. centauroides in sense of Thunb., not of L., misapplied name (23) perfoliata L. var. perfoliata
C. centauroides L. var. marginalis (Dryand.) Harv. (23) C. pallida Baker (23)
C. lineolata Dryand. (23) C. perfoliata L. (23)
C. marginalis Dryand. (23) C. perfoliata L. var. albiflora Harv. (23)
C. profusa Hook.f. (23) Larochea perfoliata (L.) Haw. (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht 0.05–0.25 Larochea perfoliata (L.) Haw. var. alba Haw. (23)
m. Alt 20–1800 m. WC, EC Rochea falcata (J.C.Wendl.) DC. var. acuminata Eckl. & Zeyh (23)
Rochea perfoliata (L.) DC. in part (23)
pellucida L. subsp. pellucida Rochea perfoliata (L.) Haw. var. alba (Haw.) Sweet (23)
C. centauroides in sense of Aiton; Sims; Eckl. & Zeyh.; Drège;
Harv., not of L., misapplied name (23) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–1.3 m. Alt 50–
C. dichotoma in sense of L.f., not of L. (23) 1400 m. EC
C. marginata Thunb. (23) perfoliata of many authors., not of L., misapplied name
C. minima in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. (23) = C. perfoliata var. coccinea
C. pellucida L. (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. perforata in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. = C. obova-
Alt 50–1200 m. WC, EC ta var. obovata
pellucida L. subsp. spongiosa Tölken perforata Thunb.
C. anthurus E.Mey. ex Drège, naked name (23)
Annual. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. C. conjuncta N.E.Br. (23)
Alt 800–1600 m. NC C. nealeana Higgins (23)
C. patersoniae Schönland (23)
pentandra Royle ex Edgew. var. denticulata Brenan = C. perfilata Scop. (23)
C. lanceolata subsp. denticulata C. perfossa Lam. (23)
peploides Harv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent, scrambler. Ht ±
C. galpinii Schönland (23) 0.25 m. Alt 50–2200 m. KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt perfossa in sense of Drège, not of Lam. = C. cordata
1200–3000 m. M, FS, KZN, L perfossa in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh; Harv.; Marloth, not
peploides in sense of Schönland, not of Harv. = C. of Lam., misapplied name = C. rupestris subsp.
expansa subsp. expansa rupestris
perfilata Scop. = C. perforata perfossa Lam. = C. perforata
perfoliata in sense of Burtt Davy, not of L. = C. perfo- petraea Schönland = C. exilis subsp. exilis
liata var. heterotricha petrogeton Endl. ex Walp. = C. dentata
perfoliata in sense of Thunb., not of L. = C. perfoliata pharnaceoides Fisch. & C.A.Mey. subsp. rhodesica
var. coccinea Merxm. = C. rhodesica
perfoliata L. = C. perfoliata var. perfoliata pharnaceoides in sense of Friedrich, not of Fisch. &
perfoliata L. var. albiflora Harv. = C. perfoliata var. C.A.Mey = C. rhodesica
perfoliata picturata in sense of Boom, not of Friedrich, = C. exilis
perfoliata L. var. coccinea (Sweet) G.D.Rowley subsp. cooperi
C. johannis-winkleri Linding. (23)
C. perfoliata in sense of Thunb., not of L. (23) picturata in sense of Friedrich, not of Boom, misapplied
C. perfoliata L. var. miniata Tölken, illegitimate name. (23) name = C. exilis subsp. sedifolia
C. perfoliata of many authors, not of L., misapplied name (23) planifolia Schönland
Rochea perfoliata (L.) DC. in part as to specimen var. a (23)
Rochea perfoliata (L.) DC. var. coccinea Sweet (23) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.3
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt m. Alt 300–1000 m. EC
50–200 m. EC platyphylla Harv. = C. nudicaulis var. platyphylla

platyphylla in sense of Schönland; Jacot Guill.; not of C. rattrayi Schönland & Baker f. (23)
Harv., misapplied name = C. nudicaulis var. nu- Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt
dicaulis 800–1500 m. EC
plegmatoides Friedrich pulchella Dryand. (insufficiently known) (23)
C. arta in sense of H.Jacobsen; Friedrich; Higgins, not of Schönland (23) punctata in sense of Haw., not of L.= C. obovata var.
C. deltoidea in sense of Schönland & Baker f., not of Thunb. (23)
C. pseudocolumnaris Dinter, naked name (23) obovata
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 100–300 punctata in sense of Mill., not of L. = C. rupestris
m. N, NC subsp. rupestris
polpodacea (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = C. muscosa punctata L. (insufficiently known) (23)
var. polpodacea punctulata Schönland & Baker f. = C. biplanata
portulacaria L. = Portulacaria afra purcellii Schönland = C. atropurpurea var. purcellii
portulacea Lam. = C. ovata pusilla Schönland = C. bergioides
profusa Hook.f. = C. pellucida subsp. marginalis pustulata Tölken
promontorii Schönland & Baker f. = C. capensis var. C. pruinosa in sense of Harv.; Schönland, not of L., misapplied
name (23)
promontorii
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt
propinqua (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = C. muscosa 300–1100 m. NC, WC
var. obtusifolia
pustulata × C. dejecta, putative hybrid
prostrata E.Mey. ex Drège = C. pellucida subsp. brachy-
petala pustulata × C. fallax, putative hybrid (23)
prostratum Thunb. = C. expansa subsp. expansa pustulata × C. scabra, putative hybrid (23)
pruinosa in sense of Harv.; Schönland, not of L., misap- pyramidalis Thunb.
C. archeri Compton (23)
plied name = C. pustulata C. cylindrica Schönland (23)
pruinosa L. C. pyramidalis Thunb. var. ramosa Schönland (23)
C. scabrella Haw. (23) C. quadrangula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. (23)
C. scabrella in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh.; Harv., not of Haw., misap- Purgosea pyramidalis (Thunb.) G.Don (23)
plied name (23) Tetraphyle pyramidalis (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
C. squamulosa Schltdl. (23) Tetraphyle quadrangula Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Dasystemon calycina DC. in part (23) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.25 m. Alt 500–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 1800 m. NC, WC, EC
m. Alt 600–1300 m. WC pyramidalis Thunb. var. ramosa Schönland = C. pyra-
pruinosa × C. scabra, putative hybrid (23) midalis
pseudocolumnaris Dinter, naked name = C. plegma- pyrifolia Compton = C. expansa subsp. pyrifolia
toides qoatlhambensis Hargr.
pseudohemisphaerica Friedrich Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1800–
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 50–200 m. 3400 m. L
N, NC quadrangula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. = C. pyra-
pseudolycopodioides Dinter & Schinz = C. muscosa midalis
var. muscosa quadrangularis Schönland = C. montana subsp. qua-
pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp., illegitimate name = drangularis
C. strigosa quadrifida Baker f. = C. multicava subsp. multicava
pubescens Thunb. = C. pubescens subsp. pubescens radicans (Haw.) D.Dietr. = C. pubescens subsp. radi-
pubescens Thunb. subsp. pubescens cans
C. biconvexa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (23) radicans (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. fastigiata Schönland = C.
C. dewinteri Friedrich in part (23) pubescens subsp. pubescens
C. fergusoniae Schönland (23)
C. fergusoniae Schönland forma major Schönland (23) radicans (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. phillipsii Schönland = C.
C. fragilis Schönland (23) pubescens subsp. pubescens
C. pubescens Thunb. (23)
C. radicans (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. fastigiata Schönland (23)
radicans (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. typica Schönland = C.
C. radicans (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. phillipsii Schönland (23) pubescens subsp. radicans
Sphaeritis biconvexa Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) ramosa in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh.; Harv., not of Thunb.,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 20– misapplied name = C. macowaniana
2000 m. WC, EC ramosa Thunb. = C. subulata var. subulata
pubescens Thunb. subsp. radicans (Haw.) Tölken ramuliflora Link & Otto = C. obovata var. obovata
C. radicans (Haw.) D.Dietr. (23)
C. radicans (Haw.) D.Dietr. var. typica Schönland (23) ramuliflora Link & Otto var. bewsii Schönland = C.
Globulea radicans Haw. (23) obovata var. obovata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 20– ramuliflora Link & Otto var. bolusii Schönland = C.
550 m. EC obovata var. obovata
pubescens Thunb. subsp. rattrayi (Schönland & Baker ramuliflora Link & Otto var. flanaganii Schönland = C.
f.) Tölken obovata var. obovata

ramuliflora Link & Otto var. pulchella (Harv.) Schön- rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. milleriana (Burtt Davy)
land = C. obovata var. obovata Schönland = C. alba var. alba
ramuliflora Link & Otto var. rattrayi Schönland = C. rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. parvisepala (Schönland)
obovata var. obovata Schönland = C. alba var. parvisepala
ramuliflora Link & Otto var. simii Schönland = C. obo- rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. rubicunda R.A.Dyer = C.
vata var. obovata alba var. alba
ramuliflora Link & Otto var. stachyera (Eckl. & Zeyh.) rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. similis (Baker f.) Schön-
Schönland = C. obovata var. obovata land = C. alba var. parvisepala
ramuliflora Link & Otto var. transvaalensis Schönland rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. subglabra Schönland =
= C. setulosa var. setulosa C. alba var. alba
rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. typica Schönland = C.
ramuliflora Link & Otto var. typica Schönland = C.
alba var. alba
obovata var. obovata
rubricaulis Eckl. & Zeyh.
rattrayi Schönland & Baker f. = C. pubescens subsp. C. rubricaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. var. muirii Schönland (23)
rattrayi Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 50–
rauhii Friedrich = C. subacaulis subsp. erosula 750 m. WC, EC
recurva N.E.Br. = C. alba var. alba rubricaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. var. muirii Schönland = C.
rehmannii Baker f. = C. cotyledonis rubricaulis
remota Schönland = C. subaphylla var. subaphylla rudis Schönland & Baker f. = C. tetragona subsp. rudis
rudolfii Schönland & Baker f.
retroflexa in sense of Meerb., not of Thunb. = C. perfo-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent, scrambler. Ht up to
liata var. minor
0.8 m. Alt 500–1300 m. NC
retroflexa Thunb. = C. dichotoma rufo-punctata Schönland = C. capitella subsp. capitella
retrorsa Hutchison = C. vaginata subsp. vaginata rupestris Thunb. = C. rupestris subsp. rupestris
reversisetosa Bitter = C. obovata var. obovata rupestris Thunb. subsp. commutata (Friedrich) Tölken
revolvens Haw. (insufficiently known). (23) C brevifolia in sense of Higgins; Friedrich, not of Harv. (23)
C. commutata Friedrich (23)
rhodesica (Merxm.) Wickens & M.Bywater Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt
C. campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. subsp. pharnaceoides
(Fisch. & C.A.Mey.) Tölken (23) 100–1100 m. N, NC
C. campestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. subsp. rhodesica rupestris Thunb. subsp. marnieriana (H.E.Huber &
(Merxm.) R.Fern. (23) H.Jacobsen) Tölken
C. pharnaceoides Fisch. & C.A.Mey. subsp. rhodesica Merxm. (23) C. marnieriana H.E.Huber & H.Jacobsen (23)
C. pharnaceoides in sense of Friedrich, not of Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (23) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 1400– 800–2200 m. WC
2000 m. N rupestris Thunb. subsp. rupestris
rhodogyna Friedrich = C. capitella subsp. thyrsiflora C. monticola N.E.Br. (23)
rhomboidea N.E.Br. = C. deltoidea C. perfossa in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh.; Harv.; Marloth, not of Lam.,
misapplied name (23)
robusta Tölken = C. tetragona subsp. robusta C. punctata in sense of Mill., not of L. (23)
rogersii Schönland C. rupestris Thunb. (23)
Sedum canescens (Schult.) Kuntze var. caulescens Kuntze (23) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 50–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 20– 1800 m. WC, EC
800 m. EC rustii Schönland = C. subulata var. subulata
roggeveldii Schönland sarcocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. sarcocaulis subsp. sar-
Annual. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht ± 0.01–0.04 m. cocaulis
Alt 1400–1800 m. NC sarcocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. rupicola Tölken
C. fruticulosa in sense of Keissl., not of L. (23)
rosularis Haw. = C. orbicularis C. sarcocaulis in sense of Schönland; Brenan; Jacot Guill., not of
rotundifolia Haw. = Kalanchoe rotundifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
rubella Compton = C. atropurpurea var. muirii Sedum caffrum Kuntze (23)
rubescens Schönland & Baker = C. natalensis
1400–3400 m. M, FS, KZN, L, EC
rubescens Schönland & Baker f. var. intermedia Schön- sarcocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. sarcocaulis
land = C. natalensis C. lignosa Burtt Davy (23)
rubescens Schönland & Baker f. var. laxa Schönland = C. parvisepala Schönland (23)
C. natalensis C. sarcocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
C. sarcocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. var. scaberula Harv. (23)
rubicunda Drège ex Harv. = C. alba var. alba Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt
rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. flexuosa Schönland = C. 200–2200 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
alba var. alba sarcocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. var. scaberula Harv. = C.
rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. hispida Schönland = C. sarcocaulis subsp. sarcocaulis
alba var. alba sarcocaulis in sense of Schönland; Brenan; Jacot Guill.,
rubicunda Drège ex Harv. var. lydenburgensis Schön- not of Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. sarcocaulis subsp.
land = C. alba var. parvisepala rupicola

sarcolipes Harv. = C. strigosa scleranthoides Burm.f. = C. glomerata

sarmentosa Harv. = C. sarmentosa var. sarmentosa sebaeoides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tölken
Dinacria sebaeoides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland (23)
sarmentosa Harv. var. integrifolia Tölken Grammanthes flava E.Mey. ex Drège (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Grammanthes gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. media Harv. (23)
Alt 20–400 m. KZN Grammanthes gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. sebaeoides (Eckl. &
Zeyh.) Harv. (23)
sarmentosa Harv. var. sarmentosa Grammanthes sebaeoides Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
C. ovata in sense of E.Mey. ex Drège, not of (Mill.) Druce, naked
name (23) Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 400–1800
C. sarmentosa Harv. (23) m. NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. sediflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. = C. sediflora
Alt 20–400 m. KZN, EC var. sediflora
saxifraga Harv. sediflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. var. amatolica
Septas globifera in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Sims (23) (Schönland) Tölken
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 50– C. amatolica Schönland (23)
1200 m. NC, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt
saxifraga in sense of Hook., not of Harv. = C. capensis 1400–1850 m. EC
var. capensis sediflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. var. laxifoliosa
scabra in sense of Mill., not of L., putative hybrid of C. Schönland = C. obovata var. obovata
pruinosa × C. scabra (23) sediflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. var. sediflora
scabra L. C. sediflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. & Walp. (23)
C. squamulosa in sense of DC.; Harv., not of Schltdl., misapplied C. tenuifolia Schönland (23)
name (23) Purgosea sediflora Eckl. & Zeyh., as ‘Pyrgosea’ (23)
Globulea mesembryanthemoides in sense of Drège, not of Haw. (23) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 50– 350–950 m. KZN, L, EC
500 m. WC sedifolia N.E.Br. = C. exilis subsp. sedifolia
scabra L. var. intermedia Schönland, putative hybrid of sedoides Mill. = C. orbicularis
C. pruinosa × C. scabra (23)
selago Dinter = C. lanceolata subsp. transvaalensis
scabrella Haw. = C. pruinosa
semiorbicularis Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. columnaris subsp.
scabrella in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh.; Harv., not of Haw., prolifera
misapplied name = C. pruinosa
septas Thunb. = C. capensis var. capensis
scalaris Schönland & Baker f. = C. tomentosa var.
glabrifolia septas Thunb. var. leipoldtii Schönland = C. capensis
var. capensis
scheppigiana Diels = C. setulosa var. setulosa
sericea in sense of Schönland (1912), not of Schönland
schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. forma filamentosa (1910) = C. atropurpurea var. watermeyeri
(Schönland) R.Fern. = C. lanceolata subsp.
lanceolata sericea Schönland = C. sericea var. sericea
schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. forma transvaalensis sericea Schönland var. hottentotta (Marloth & Schön-
(Kuntze) R.Fern. = C. lanceolata subsp. trans- land) Tölken
C. hottentotta Marloth & Schönland (23)
vaalensis C. merxmuelleri Friedrich (23)
schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. subsp. transvaalensis Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 50–1000
(Kuntze) R.Fern. = C. lanceolata subsp. trans- m. N, NC
vaalensis sericea Schönland var. sericea
schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. denticulata (Brenan) C. argyrophylla Diels ex Schönland & Baker f. var. ramosa in sense
R.Fern. = C. lanceolata subsp. denticulata of Herre; H.Jacobsen, not of Schönland (23)
C. dewinteri Friedrich in part (23)
schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. illecebroides (Welw. C. hallii Adcock, illegitimate name (23)
ex Hiern) G.D.Rowley = C. lanceolata subsp. C. klinghardtensis Schönland (23)
lanceolata C. sericea Schönland (23)
C. suavis Friedrich (23)
schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. lanceolata (Eckl. & Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 100–2200
Zeyh.) Tölken in part = C. lanceolata subsp. m. N, NC
lanceolata
sericea Schönland var. velutina (Friedrich) Tölken
schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. schimperi in part. = C. velutina Friedrich (23)
C. lanceolata subsp. transvaalensis Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 800–2000
schimperi Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. transvaalensis m. N, NC
(Kuntze) R.Fern. = C. lanceolata subsp. trans- serpentaria Schönland (insufficiently known) (23)
vaalensis sessilicymula Mogg = C. capitella subsp. sessilicymula
schlechteri Schönland = putative hybrid of C. setulosa sessilifolia Baker f. = C. natalensis
var. rubra × C. setulosa var. setulosa (23) setigera (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland = C. tomentosa var.
schmidtii Regel (insufficiently known) (23) tomentosa
schoenlandii H.Jacobsen = C. elegans subsp. elegans setulosa Harv. = C. setulosa var. setulosa

setulosa Harv. var. basutica Schönland = C. setulosa Perennial. Herb, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.06 m.
var. setulosa Alt 800–1200 m. EC
setulosa Harv. var. curta (N.E.Br.) Schönland = C. setu- southii Schönland = C. southii subsp. southii
losa var. rubra southii Schönland subsp. southii
setulosa Harv. var. deminuta (Diels) Tölken C. mucronata Keissl. (23)
C. deminuta Diels (23) C. southii Schönland (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m when in flower. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht
Alt 1200–2200 m. M ± 0.25 m. Alt 100–600 m. EC
setulosa Harv. var. jenkinsii Schönland southii Schönland subsp. sphaerocephala Tölken
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m.
when in flower. Alt 1000–1800 m. LIM, NW, G Alt 200–1200 m. KZN, EC
setulosa Harv. var. lanceolata Schönland = C. setulosa sparsa Dryand., excluded species (23)
var. setulosa spathulata Thunb.
C. cordata in sense of Lodd., not of Thunb. (23)
setulosa Harv. var. longiciliata Tölken C. cyclophylla Schönland & Baker f. (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m when in flower. C. latispathulata Schönland & Baker f. (23)
Alt 1000–3400 m. M, KZN, L C. lucida Lam. (23)
setulosa Harv. var. ovata Schönland = C. setulosa var. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 50–
setulosa 600 m. KZN, WC, EC
setulosa Harv. var. rubra (N.E.Br.) G.D.Rowley spectabilis Schönland = C. vaginata subsp. vaginata
C. barklyana Schönland (23) sphaeritis Harv. = C. subulata var. subulata
C. curta N.E.Br. (23)
C. curta N.E.Br. var. rubra N.E.Br. (23) spicata Thunb. = C. capitella subsp. capitella
C. exilis in sense of Keissl., not of Harv. (23) squamulosa in sense of DC.; Harv., not of Schltdl., mis-
C. milfordiae Byles (23)
C. setulosa Harv. var. curta (N.E.Br.) Schönland (23) applied name = C. scabra
Sedum dregeanum (Harv.) Kuntze var. erectum Kuntze (23) squamulosa in sense of E.Mey. ex Drège, not of Schltdl.
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m when in flower. in part = C. obovata var. dregeana
Alt 500–3400 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, L squamulosa in sense of Keissl., not of Schltdl. = C. alba
setulosa Harv. var. ramosa Schönland = C. setulosa var. var. alba
setulosa squamulosa Schltdl. = C. pruinosa
setulosa Harv. var. robusta Schönland = C. setulosa var. stachyera Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. obovata var. obovata
setulosa
stachyera Eckl. & Zeyh. var. pulchella Harv. = C. setu-
setulosa Harv. var. setulosa losa var. setulosa
C. bloubergensis R.A.Dyer (23)
C. ramuliflora Link & Otto var. transvaalensis Schönland (23) stachyera Eckl. & Zeyh. var. rotundifolia Harv. = C.
C. scheppigiana Diels (23) obovata var. obovata
C. setulosa Harv. (23)
C. setulosa Harv. var. basutica Schönland (23)
stewartiae Burtt Davy = C. alba var. alba
C. setulosa Harv. var. lanceolata Schönland (23) streyi Tölken
C. setulosa Harv. var. ovata Schönland (23) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 50–
C. setulosa Harv. var. ramosa Schönland (23)
C. setulosa Harv. var. robusta Schönland (23)
250 m. KZN
C. stachyera Eckl. & Zeyh. var. pulchella Harv. (23) strigosa in sense of E.Mey. ex Drège, not of L. = C
Sedum dregeanum (Harv.) Kuntze var. adscendens Kuntze (23) lanuginosa var. lanuginosa
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m when in strigosa L.
flower. Alt 200–3400 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, C. centauroides L. (23)
KZN, L, EC C. diaphana Drège ex Harv. (23)
C. pellucida in sense of Thunb., not of L. (23)
setulosa var. rubra × C. setulosa var. setulosa, putative C. pubescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp., illegitimate name (23)
hybrid (23) C. sarcolipes Harv. (23)
setulosa var. setulosa × C. natalensis, putative hybrid (23) C. sylvatica Licht. ex Schult., as ‘silvatica’ (23)
Sarcolipes pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
setulosa var. setulosa × C. setulosa var. jenkinsii, puta- Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.17 m. Alt 50–1100 m.
tive hybrid (23) NC, WC
similis Baker f. = C. alba var. parvisepala suavis Friedrich = C. sericea var. sericea
simulans Schönland subacaulis Schönland & Baker f. = C. subacaulis
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.08–0.15 m. Alt 200– subsp. subacaulis
1000 m. WC subacaulis Schönland & Baker f. subsp. erosula
sladenii Schönland (N.E.Br.) Tölken
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 500– C. erosula N.E.Br., in part (23)
C. inamoena N.E.Br. (23)
1100 m. N, NC C. rauhii Friedrich (23)
smutsii Schönland = C. atropurpurea var. atropur- Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent, scrambler. Ht ± 0.3
purea m. Alt 400–1400 m. N, NC, WC
socialis Schönland subacaulis Schönland & Baker f. subsp. subacaulis

C. subacaulis Schönland & Baker f. (23) C. argyrophylla Diels ex Schönland & Baker f. var. swaziensis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent, scrambler. Ht ± 0.6 (Schönland) Schönland (25)
C. globularioides Britten subsp. argyrophylla (Schönland & Baker
m. Alt 400–900 m. NC f.) Tölken (23)
subaphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. = C. subaphylla var. C. swaziensis Schönland forma argyrophylla (Diels ex Schönland &
subaphylla Baker f.) R.Fern. (23)
C. swaziensis Schönland subsp. swaziensis var. swaziensis forma
subaphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. var. puberula (Eckl. & swaziensis
Zeyh.) Harv. = C. subaphylla var. subaphylla Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 400–2000
subaphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. var. subaphylla m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN
C. cogmansensis (Kuntze) K.Schum. (23) swaziensis Schönland forma argyrophylla (Diels ex
C. incana (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (23)
C. loganiana Compton (23) Schönland & Baker f.) R.Fern. = C. swaziensis
C. remota Schönland (23) swaziensis Schönland subsp. swaziensis var. swaziensis
C. subaphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (23) forma swaziensis = C. swaziensis
C. subaphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. var. puberula (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Harv. (23) sylvatica Licht. ex Schult., as ‘silvatica’ = C. strigosa
Sedum cogmansense Kuntze (23)
Sphaeritis incana Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
tabularis Dinter
Sphaeritis puberula Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m.
Sphaeritis subaphylla Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) Alt 1200–2000 m. N, NW, FS, NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.8 m. Alt ± tayloriae Schönland = C. cotyledonis
400–2450 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC
tecta Thunb.
subaphylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. var. virgata (Harv.) C. decipiens N.E.Br. (23)
Tölken Purgosea tecta (Thunb.) G.Don (23)
C. virgata Harv. (23) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.03–0.05 m, ± 0.01
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.8 m. Alt 50– m when in flower. Alt 500–1400 m. WC, EC
1100 m. NC, WC
telephioides Haw. = C. crenulata
subbifaria Schönland = C. capitella subsp. capitella
tenuicaulis Schönland
subincana (Haw.) D.Dietr. = C. mollis Perennial. Herb, succulent, scrambler. Ht ± 0.02–0.05
subsessilis W.F.Barker = C. tetragona subsp. con- m. Alt 1600–3400 m. FS, KZN, L
nivens tenuifolia Schönland = C. sediflora var. sediflora
subulata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of L. = C. tenuipedicellata Schönland & Baker f.
cymosa C. parvipetala Schönland (23)
subulata in sense of (Hook.f. ) Harv., not of L., misap- Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.01 m. Alt 1200–2000
plied name = C. lanceolata subsp. transvaalensis m. N, NC
subulata in sense of P.J.Bergius; Thunb., not of L., mis- tenuis in sense of Adamson, not of Wolley-Dod, misap-
applied name = C. fascicularis plied name = C. oblanceolata
subulata L. = C. subulata var. subulata tenuis Wolley-Dod = C. umbellata
subulata L. var. fastigiata (Schönland) Tölken teres Marloth = C. barklyi
C. fastigiata Schönland (23) tetragona in sense of Harv.; of many authors, not of L.,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 20– misapplied name = C. tetragona subsp. robusta
100 m. WC
tetragona in sense of Thunb., not of L. = C. tetragona
subulata L. var. hispida Tölken subsp. robusta
C. hispida in sense of Schönland & Baker f., not of (Haw.) D.Dietr.,
misapplied name (23) tetragona L. = C. tetragona subsp. tetragona
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt tetragona L. subsp. acutifolia (Lam.) Tölken
500–600 m. WC C. acutifolia Lam. (23)
C. acutifolia Lam. var. radicans Harv. (23)
subulata L. var. subulata C. acutifolia Lam. var. typica Schönland (23)
C. capitata Lam. (23) C. bibracteata Haw. (23)
C. ramosa Thunb. (23) C. macowanii Scott-Elliot (23)
C. rustii Schönland (23) Sedum radicans (Harv.) Kuntze (23)
C. sphaeritis Harv. (23)
C. subulata L. (23) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt
Sphaeritis muricata (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) 200–1600 m. WC, EC
Sphaeritis typica Eckl. & Zeyh. (23) tetragona L. subsp. connivens (Schönland) Tölken
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 50– C. connivens Schönland (23)
2000 m. WC, EC C. subsessilis W.F.Barker (23)
sulcata (Haw.) D.Dietr. = C. nudicaulis var. nudicaulis Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt
1200–2300 m. WC, EC
susannae Rauh & Friedrich
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.002–0.008 m. Alt 100– tetragona L. subsp. lignescens Tölken
C. acutifolia in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., Harv., in part (23)
300 m. NC C. acutifolia Lam. var. harveyi Schönland (23)
swaziensis Schönland Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent, scrambler. Ht ± 0.8
C. argyrophylla Diels ex Schönland & Baker f. (25) m. Alt 800–1100 m. NC, WC, EC
C. argyrophylla Diels ex Schönland & Baker f. var. ramosa
Schönland (23) tetragona L. subsp. robusta (Tölken) Tölken

C. robusta Tölken (23) Sphaeritis setigera Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)

C. tetragona in sense of Harv.; of many authors, not of L., misap- Sphaeritis tomentosa (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
plied name (23) Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.6 m
C. tetragona in sense of Thunb., not of L. (23) when in flower. Alt 50–1600 m. N, NC, WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 50–
300 m. EC tomentosa var. glabrifolia × C. tomentosa var. tomen-
tosa, putative hybrid (23)
tetragona L. subsp. rudis (Schönland & Baker f.) Tölken
C. rudis Schönland & Baker f. (23) torquata Baker f. = C. cultrata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± trachysantha (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. = C. mesembryan-
0.25 m. Alt 600–1800 m. NC, WC thoides subsp. mesembryanthoides
tetragona L. subsp. tetragona transvaalensis (Kuntze) K.Schum. = C. lanceolata subsp.
C. acutifolia Lam. var. densifolia (Harv.) Schönland (23) transvaalensis
C. bibracteata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Haw. (23)
C. biplanata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Haw. (23) triebneri Schönland ex H.Jacobsen = C. capitella subsp.
C. densifolia Harv. (23) thyrsiflora
C. tetragona L. (23)
Sedum tetragonum (L.) Kuntze (23) tuberella Tölken
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 1600–
1100–1900 m. NC, WC, EC 3400 m. M, FS, KZN, L
thorncroftii Burtt Davy = C. expansa subsp. fragilis turrita in sense of Harv.; Schönland, not of Thunb., mis-
applied name = C. capitella subsp. capitella
thunbergiana Schult. = C. thunbergiana subsp. thun-
turrita in sense of Jacq., not of Thunb. = C. barbata
bergiana
subsp. barbata
thunbergiana Schult. subsp. minutiflora (Schönland & turrita Thunb. = C. capitella subsp. thyrsiflora
Baker f.) Tölken
C. minutiflora Schönland & Baker f. (23) turrita Thunb. var. latifolia Harv. = C. capitella subsp.
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.05–0.08 m. Alt 1100– capitella
1500 m. N, NC turrita Thunb. var. rosea Haw. = C. capitella subsp. thyrsi-
thunbergiana Schult. subsp. thunbergiana flora
C. debilis Thunb. (23) tysonii Schönland = C. pellucida subsp. brachypetala
C. decumbens (Willd.) Harv., not of Thunb., illegitimate name (23)
C. thunbergiana Schult. (23) umbella Jacq.
C. zeyheriana Schönland (23) C. flabellifolia Harv. (23)
Purgosea debilis (Thunb.) G.Don (23) C. loriformis Schönland & Baker f. (23)
Tillaea decumbens Willd. (23) C. weissii N.E.Br. (23)
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 20–600 Petrogeton umbella (Jacq.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
Septas umbella (Jacq.) Haw. (23)
m. NC, WC
thyrsiflora in sense of Drège, not of Thunb. = C. 2000 m. NC, WC, EC
capitella subsp. capitella umbellata Thunb.
thyrsiflora Thunb. = C. capitella subsp. thyrsiflora Bulliarda alpina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (23)
C. alpina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. (23)
tomentosa in sense of Britten & Baker f., not of Thunb. C. nana Schönland & Baker f. (23)
= C. tomentosa var. glabrifolia C. tenuis Wolley-Dod (23)
C. umbellata Thunb. var. nana (Schönland & Baker f.) Schönland (23)
tomentosa Thunb. = C. tomentosa var. tomentosa Petrogeton alpinum Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
tomentosa Thunb. var. glabrifolia (Harv.) G.D.Rowley Tillaea umbellata (Thunb.) Willd. (23)
C. eendoornensis Dinter (23) Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.002–0.04 m. Alt 50–
C. glabrifolia Harv. (23) 1800 m. NC, WC, EC
C. interrupta Drège ex Harv., naked name. (23)
C. interrupta Drège ex Harv. var. glabrifolia (Harv.) Schönland (23) umbellata Thunb. var. nana (Schönland & Baker f.)
C. scalaris Schönland & Baker f. (23) Schönland = C. umbellata
C. tomentosa in sense of Britten & Baker f., not of Thunb. (23)
C. tomentosa Thunb. var. interrupta (Drège ex Harv.) Tölken (23) umbraticola N.E.Br.
C. crenatifolia Baker f. (23)
Perennial, occ. biennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m.
Alt 400–1700 m. N, NC, WC
tomentosa Thunb. var. interrupta (Drège ex Harv.)
undata Haw. = C. dejecta
Tölken = C. tomentosa var. glabrifolia
undulata Haw. = C. dejecta
tomentosa Thunb. var. setigera (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Schönland = C. tomentosa var. tomentosa uniflora Schönland = C. expansa subsp. filicaulis
tomentosa Thunb. var. tomentosa vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. vaginata subsp. vaginata
C. conspicua Haw. (23)
C. linguifolia Haw. (23) vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. minuta Tölken
C. setigera (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland (23) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 900–1800
C. tomentosa Thunb. (23) m. S
C. tomentosa Thunb. var. setigera (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland (23)
Purgosea conspicua (Haw.) Sweet (23) vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. vaginata
Purgosea linguifolia (Haw.) Haw., as ‘Turgosea’ (23) C. abyssinica A.Rich. var. vaginata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Engl. (23)
Purgosea tomentosa (Thunb.) Haw., as ‘Turgosea’ (23) C. ciliata L. var. acutifolia E.Mey. ex Drège (23)

C. crassiflora (Kuntze) K.Schum. (23) undata (Haw.) Haw. = Crassula dejecta

C. drakensbergensis Schönland (23)
C. retrorsa Hutchison (23) undosa Haw. = Crassula dejecta
C. spectabilis Schönland (23) undulata (Haw.) Haw. = Crassula dejecta
C. vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. (23)
C. vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. hispida Keissl. (23)
C. vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. laxa Keissl. (23)
DASYSTEMON DC. 3168090
C. vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. parviflora Keissl. (23) calycina DC. in part = Crassula glomerata
Sedum crassiflorum Kuntze (23)
Sedum flavum (L.) Kuntze var. lanceolatum Kuntze (23) calycina DC. in part = Crassula pruinosa
Sedum flavum (L.) Kuntze var. reflexifolium Kuntze (23)
Sedum flavum (L.) Kuntze var. subulatum Kuntze (23) DIETRICHIA Tratt. 3168100
Sedum vaginatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (23)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 800–3400 bicolor (Haw.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula fascicularis
m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC coccinea (L.) Tratt. = Crassula coccinea
vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. hispida Keissl. = C. vagi- jasminea (Sims) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula obtusa
nata subsp. vaginata jasminea (Sims) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. uniflora Eckl. & Zeyh.
vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. laxa Keissl. = C. vaginata = Crassula obtusa
subsp. vaginata media (Haw.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula fascicularis
vaginata Eckl. & Zeyh. var. parviflora Keissl. = C. odoratissima (Andrews) Tratt. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. = Cras-
vaginata subsp. vaginata sula fascicularis
vaginata × C. alba var. parvisepala Schönland, puta- versicolor (Ker Gawl.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula coc-
tive hybrid (23) cinea
*vaillantii (Willd.) Roth DINACRIA Harv. 3168020
Bulliarda vaillantii (Willd.) DC. (23)
Bulliarda vaillantii (Willd.) DC. var. subulata Harv. (23) filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. = Crassula filiformis
Tillaea vaillantii Willd. (23)
grammanthoides Schönland = Crassula gramman-
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 50–3400
thoides
m. G, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
sebaeoides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schönland = Crassula sebae-
variabilis N.E.Br. = C. alpestris subsp. massonii oides
velutina Friedrich = C. sericea var. velutina
GLOBULEA Haw. 3168120
versicolor Burch. ex Ker Gawl. = C. coccinea
vestita Thunb. atropurpurea Haw. = Crassula atropurpurea var.
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. atropurpurea
Alt 900–1600 m. NC canescens Haw. = Crassula nudicaulis var. nudicaulis
virgata Harv. = C. subaphylla var. virgata canescens Haw. var. angustifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = Cras-
sula nudicaulis var. nudicaulis
virgata in sense of E.Mey. ex Drège, not of Harv, naked
name = C. flava capitata Salm-Dyck ex Haw. = Crassula nudicaulis
var. nudicaulis
watermeyeri Compton = C. atropurpurea var. water-
meyeri cultrata (L.) Haw. = Crassula cultrata
hispida Haw. = Crassula mesembryanthoides subsp.
weissii N.E.Br. = C. umbella
hispida
whiteheadii Harv. impressa Haw. = Crassula capitella subsp. capitella
C. divaricata in sense of Schönland & Baker f., not of Eckl. &
Zeyh., misapplied name (23) impressa Haw. var. minor Haw. = Crassula capitella
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt subsp. capitella
300–500 m. N, NC lingua Haw., naked name = Crassula nudicaulis var.
wilmsii Diels = C. alba var. parvisepala nudicaulis
woodii Schönland = C. expansa subsp. fragilis lingula Haw. (insufficiently known)
wyliei Schönland = C. inandensis lingulifolia Haw. (insufficiently known)
zeyheriana Schönland = C. thunbergiana subsp. thun- mesembryanthemoides in sense of Drège, not of Haw. =
bergiana Crassula scabra
mesembryanthoides Haw. = Crassula mesembryan-
CURTOGYNE Haw. 3168080 thoides subsp. mesembryanthoides
mollis (Thunb.) Haw. ex DC. = Crassula mollis
albiflora (Sims) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula dejecta
nudicaulis (L.) Haw. = Crassula nudicaulis var. nudi-
burmanniana Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula flava caulis
dejecta in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of (Jacq.) DC., obvallata in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of (L.) Haw. =
misapplied name = Crassula fallax Crassula cotyledonis
dejecta (Jacq.) DC. = Crassula dejecta obvallata (L.) Haw. = Crassula nudicaulis var. nudi-
flava (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula flava caulis

paniculata Haw. = Crassula capitella subsp. capitella KALANCHOE Adans. 3166000

radicans Haw. = Crassula pubescens subsp. radicans (1) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: t. 341.
stricta Drège, as ‘Globulia’, naked name = Crassula (2) Verdoorn. 1945. The Flowering Plants of Africa 25: t. 967.
alba var. alba (4) Tölken. 1982. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1848.
subincana Haw. = Crassula mollis (5) Tölken. 1983. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1878.
(6) Tölken. 1985. FSA 14: 61–71.
subincana Haw. var. decumbens Haw. = Crassula mollis (7) Springate. 1995. European garden flora 4: 178–185.
subincana Haw. var. erecta Haw. = Crassula mollis
albiflora H.M.L.Forbes = K. luciae subsp. luciae
sulcata Haw. = Crassula nudicaulis var. nudicaulis
aleurodes Stearn = K. luciae subsp. luciae
GRAMMANTHES DC. 3170000 alternans in sense of Eckl & Zeyh., not of Pers. = K.
chloraeflora (Haw.) DC. = Crassula dichotoma thyrsiflora
chloraeflora (Haw.) DC. var. caesia Hook.f. = Crassula alticola Compton
dichotoma Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.7 m. Alt
900–1800 m. M, S
depressa Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula depressa
filiformis Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula filiformis brachyloba Welw. ex Britten
K. multiflora Schinz (6)
flava E.Mey. ex Drège = Crassula sebaeoides K. pruinosa Dinter (6)
gentianoides (Lam.) DC. = Crassula dichotoma K. pyramidalis Schönland (6)
gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. caesia Hook. f. = Cras-
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC
sula dichotoma
carnea N.E.Br. (insufficiently known) (6)
gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. chloraeflora (Haw.) Harv.
= Crassula dichotoma crenata (Andrews) Haw.
K. hirta Harv. (6)
gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. depressa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) K. integra (Medik.) Kuntze (7)
Harv. = Crassula depressa Verea crenata Andrews, as ‘Vereia’ (6)
gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. media Harv. = Crassula Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 800–1900
sebaeoides m. KZN, EC
gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. sebaeoides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) crundallii I.Verd. (2)
Harv. = Crassula sebaeoides Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.9 m. Alt 50–
gentianoides (Lam.) DC. var. vera (Haw.) Harv. = Cras- 1800 m. LIM
sula dichotoma decumbens Compton = K. rotundifolia
retroflexa (Thunb.) Sweet = Crassula dichotoma delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh. = Bryophyllum delagoense
sebaeoides Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula sebaeoides glandulosa Hochst. ex Rich. = K. lanceolata
HELOPHYTUM Eckl. & Zeyh. 3168030 glandulosa Hochst. ex Rich. var. benguelensis Engl. =
K. lanceolata
filiforme Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula natans var. natans glandulosa Hochst. ex Rich. var. tomentosa Keissl. = K.
filiforme Eckl. & Zeyh. var. parvulum Eckl. & Zeyh. = lanceolata
Crassula natans var. natans gregaria Dinter = K. lanceolata
fluitans Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula natans var. natans guillauminii Raym.-Hamet = K. rotundifolia
fluitans Eckl. & Zeyh. var. intermedium Eckl. & Zeyh. hirta Harv. = K. crenata
= Crassula natans var. natans
hirta in sense of Dinter, not of Harv. = K. lanceolata
fluitans Eckl. & Zeyh. var. obovatum Eckl. & Zeyh. =
Crassula natans var. natans integra (Medik.) Kuntze = K. crenata
inane (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula inanis junodii Schinz = K. lanceolata
inane (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. latifolium Eckl. & Zeyh. laciniata (L.) DC.
= Crassula inanis Cotyledon laciniata L. (6)
K. schweinfurthii Penz. (6)
natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula natans var. Verea laciniata (L.) Willd. (6)
natans Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 1200–1800
natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. amphibia Harv. = m. N
Crassula natans var. natans lanceolata (Forssk.) Pers.
natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. filiformis (Eckl. & Cotyledon lanceolata Forssk. (6)
K. glandulosa Hochst. ex Rich. (6)
Zeyh.) Harv. = Crassula natans var. minus K. glandulosa Hochst. ex Rich. var. benguelensis Engl. (6)
natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. fluitans (Eckl. & K. glandulosa Hochst. ex Rich. var. tomentosa Keissl. (6)
Zeyh.) Harv. = Crassula natans var. natans K. gregaria Dinter (6)
K. hirta in sense of Dinter, not of Harv. (6)
natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. minus Eckl. & Zeyh. K. junodii Schinz (6)
= Crassula natans var. minus K. pentheri Schltr. (6)
natans (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. obovatum (Eckl. & Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 50–1800
Zeyh.) Harv. = Crassula natans var. natans m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S
reflexum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula natans var. natans longiflora Schltr. ex J.M.Wood
DICOTYLEDONS CRASSULACEAE Globulea

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 400–
800–1700 m. KZN 2200 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
luciae Raym.-Hamet = K. luciae subsp. luciae thyrsiflora Harv.
luciae Raym.-Hamet subsp. luciae K. alternans in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Pers. (6)
K. albiflora H.M.L.Forbes (6) Perennial. Shrub, lithophyte, succulent. Ht ± 1.5 m.
K. aleurodes Stearn (6) Alt 400–3400 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS,
K. luciae Raym.-Hamet (6) KZN, L
tubiflora Raym.-Hamet = Bryophyllum delagoense
luciae Raym.-Hamet subsp. montana (Compton) Tölken KALOSANTHES Haw. 3168130
K. montana Compton (6)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 800–1800 bicolor Haw. = Crassula fascicularis
m. M, S biconvexa (Haw.) Haw. = Crassula fascicularis
luebbertiana Engl. = K. rotundifolia capitata (Lodd.) Sweet = Crassula fascicularis
montana Compton = K. luciae subsp. montana coccinea (L.) Haw. = Crassula coccinea
multiflora Schinz = K. brachyloba coccinea (L.) Haw. var. alba Haw. = Crassula coccinea
neglecta Tölken cymosa (P.J.Bergius) Haw. = Crassula fascicularis
K. rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. forma peltata Raym.-Hamet ex R.Fern. (6) fascicularis (Lam.) G.Don = Crassula fascicularis
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 50–300 m. flava (L.) Sweet = Crassula flava
KZN
jasminea (Sims) Haw. = Crassula obtusa
oblongifolia Harv. = K. paniculata
media Haw. = Crassula fascicularis
paniculata Harv.
K. oblongifolia Harv. (6) odoratissima (Andrews) Haw. = Crassula fascicularis
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1.2 m. Alt 50–1800 odoratissima (Andrews) Haw. var. alba (DC.) G.Don =
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC Crassula fascicularis
pentheri Schltr. = K. lanceolata versicolor (Ker Gawl.) Haw. = Crassula coccinea
praesidentis-malani Raym.-Hamet (insufficiently known)
(6) LAROCHEA Pers. 3168140
praesidentis-verwoerdii Raym.-Hamet (insufficiently coccinea (L.) Pers. = Crassula coccinea
known) (6) cymosa (P.J.Bergius) Haw. in part = Crassula cymosa
pruinosa Dinter = K. brachyloba cymosa (P.J.Bergius) Haw. in part = Crassula fascicu-
pyramidalis Schönland = K. brachyloba laris
rogersii Raym.-Hamet = K. sexangularis falcata (J.C.Wendl.) Pers. = Crassula perfoliata var.
rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. minor
Crassula rotundifolia Haw. (6) falcata (J.C.Wendl.) Pers. var. minor Haw. = Crassula
K. decumbens Compton (6) perfoliata var. minor
K. guillauminii Raym.-Hamet (6)
K. luebbertiana Engl. (6) fascicularis (Lam.) Schult. = Crassula fascicularis
K. rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. forma. tripartita Raym.-Hamet ex flava (L.) Haw. = Crassula flava
R.Fern. (6)
Verea rotundifolia (Haw.) D.Dietr. (6) odoratissima (Andrews) Haw. = Crassula fascicularis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1.2 m. Alt 50– odoratissima (Andrews) Haw. var. bicolor (Haw.) DC. =
1800 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, Crassula fascicularis
NC, EC perfoliata (L.) Haw. = Crassula perfoliata var. perfoliata
rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. forma. peltata Raym.-Hamet perfoliata (L.) Haw. var. alba Haw. = Crassula perfoliata
ex R.Fern. = K. neglecta var. perfoliata
rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. forma. tripartita Raym.- tiniflora Lem. = Crassula fascicularis
Hamet ex R.Fern. = K. rotundifolia
rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. var. aequimagnisepala Raym.- PAGELLA Schönland 3168040
Hamet (insufficiently known) (6) archeri Schönland = Crassula pageae
rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. var. guillauminii Raym.-
Hamet (insufficiently known) (6) PETROGETON Eckl. & Zeyh. 3168150
rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. var. strictifolia Raym.-Hamet
(insufficiently known) (6) alpinum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula umbellata
rubinea Tölken = K. sexangularis nemorosum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula nemorosa
schweinfurthii Penz. = K. laciniata nivale Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula nemorosa
sexangularis N.E.Br. = K. sexangularis var. sexangu- patens Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula dentata
laris typicum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula dentata
sexangularis N.E.Br. var. sexangularis typicum Eckl. & Zeyh. var. minus Eckl. & Zeyh. = Cras-
K. rogersii Raym.-Hamet (6)
K. rubinea Tölken (6) sula dentata
K. sexangularis N.E.Br. (6) umbella (Jacq.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula umbella
CRASSULACEAE Kalanchoe DICOTYLEDONS

PURGOSEA Haw. 3168110 turrita (Thunb.) Sweet var. alba Sweet = Crassula
alooides (Dryand.) Haw. = Crassula capitella subsp.
capitella RHOPALOTA N.E.Br. 3168050
alooides in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., as ‘Pyrgosea aloides’, aphylla (Schönland & Baker f.) N.E.Br. = Crassula
not of (Dryand.) Haw. = Crassula capitella subsp. aphylla
thyrsiflora
alpestris (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula alpestris subsp. ROCHEA DC. 3171000
alpestris
albiflora (Sims) DC. = Crassula dejecta
barbata (Thunb.) G.Don, as ‘Purgosia’ = Crassula bar-
bicolor (Haw.) Steud. = Crassula fascicularis
bata subsp. barbata
biconvexa (Haw.) DC. = Crassula fascicularis
capitella (Thunb.) Sweet, as ‘capitellata’ = Crassula
capitella subsp. capitella coccinea (L.) DC. = Crassula coccinea
cephalophora (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula nudicaulis cymosa (P.J.Bergius) DC. in part = Crassula cymosa
var. nudicaulis falcata (J.C.Wendl.) DC. = Crassula perfoliata var.
ciliata (L.) Sweet = Crassula ciliata minor
concinella (Haw.) Sweet (insufficiently known) falcata (J.C.Wendl.) DC. var. acuminata Eckl. & Zeyh.
= Crassula perfoliata var. perfoliata
concinna (Haw.) Sweet (insufficiently known)
falcata (J.C.Wendl.) DC. var. minor (Haw.) DC. =
conspicua (Haw.) Sweet = Crassula tomentosa var.
Crassula perfoliata var. minor
tomentosa
fascicularis (Lam.) DC. = Crassula fascicularis
corymbulosa (Link & Otto) Sweet = Crassula capitella
subsp. thyrsiflora flava (L.) DC. = Crassula flava
cotyledonis (Thunb.) Sweet = Crassula cotyledonis jasminea (Sims) DC. = Crassula obtusa
crenulata (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula crenulata media (Haw.) DC. = Crassula fascicularis
debilis (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula thunbergiana microphylla E.Mey. ex Drège, naked name = Crassula
subsp. thunbergiana obtusa
dentata (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula dentata odoratissima (Andrews) Link = Crassula fascicularis
hemisphaerica (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula hemisphae- odoratissima (Andrews) Link var. alba DC. = Crassula
rica fascicularis
hirta (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula nudicaulis var. nudi- odoratissima (Andrews) Link var. bicolor (Haw.) DC. =
caulis Crassula fascicularis
linguifolia (Haw.) Haw., as ‘Turgosea’ = Crassula tomen- perfoliata (L.) DC. in part = Crassula perfoliata var.
tosa var. tomentosa perfoliata
lingulifolia (Haw.) Sweet (insufficiently known) perfoliata (L.) DC. in part as to specimen var. a =
Crassula perfoliata var. coccinea
minima (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula dentata
perfoliata (L.) DC. var. alba (Haw.) Sweet = Crassula
montana (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula montana subsp.
perfoliata var. perfoliata
montana
perfoliata (L.) DC. var. coccinea Sweet = Crassula per-
obovata (Haw.) Haw. = Crassula obovata var. obovata
foliata var. coccinea
pertusa (Haw.) Haw. = Crassula capitella subsp. thyr-
perfoliata (L.) DC. var. glabberima E.Mey. ex Drège,
siflora
naked name = Crassula macowaniana
pertusula Haw. = Crassula capitella subsp. thyrsiflora
subulata (L.) Adamson = Crassula fascicularis
punctata (L.) Sweet (insufficiently known)
versicolor in sense of Harv. in part, not of (Ker Gawl.)
pyramidalis (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula pyramidalis Link, misapplied name = Crassula fascicularis
sediflora Eckl. & Zeyh., as ‘Pyrgosea’ = Crassula sed- versicolor (Ker Gawl.) Link = Crassula coccinea
iflora var. sediflora
spicata (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula capitella subsp. SARCOLIPES Eckl. & Zeyh. 3168160
capitella pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula strigosa
tecta (Thunb.) G.Don = Crassula tecta
thyrsiflora (Thunb.) Sweet = Crassula capitella subsp. SEDUM Tourn. ex. L. 3162040
thyrsiflora
caffrum Kuntze = Crassula sarcocaulis subsp. rupicola
tomentosa (Thunb.) Haw., as ‘Turgosea’ = Crassula
tomentosa var. tomentosa campestre (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Crassula
campestris
turrita (Thunb.) Sweet in part = Crassula capitella
subsp. capitella canescens (Schult.) Kuntze var. caulescens Kuntze =
Crassula rogersii
turrita (Thunb.) Sweet in part, naked name = Crassula
capitella subsp. thyrsiflora ciliatum (L.) Kuntze = Crassula ciliata
DICOTYLEDONS CRASSULACEAE Purgosea

cogmanense Kuntze = Crassula subaphylla var. suba- globifera Sims, as ‘globiflora’ = Crassula capensis var.
phylla capensis
corymbulosum (Link & Otto) Kuntze in part = Crassula umbella (Jacq.) Haw. = Crassula umbella
corymbulosum (Link & Otto) Kuntze in part = Crassula SPHAERITIS Eckl. & Zeyh. 3168180
capitella subsp. capitella biconvexa Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula pubescens subsp.
crassiflorum Kuntze = Crassula vaginata subsp. vagi- pubescens
nata incana Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula subaphylla var. sub-
cymosum (P.J.Bergius) Kuntze = Crassula cymosa aphylla
dregeanum (Harv.) Kuntze var. adscendens Kuntze = margaritifera Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula mollis
Crassula setulosa var. setulosa muricata (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula subulata
dregeanum (Harv.) Kuntze var. erectum Kuntze = var. subulata
Crassula setulosa var. rubra paucifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula mesembryan-
dregeanum (Harv.) Kuntze forma intermedium Kuntze = thoides subsp. hispida
putative hybrid of Crassula setulosa var. rubra × puberula Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula subaphylla var.
Crassula setulosa var. setulosa subaphylla
expansum (Dryand. in Aiton) Kuntze = Crassula setigera Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula tomentosa var.
expansa subsp. expansa tomentosa
flavum (L.) Kuntze = Crassula flava subaphylla Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula subaphylla var.
flavum (L.) Kuntze var. brevifolium Kuntze = Crassula subaphylla
flava tomentosa (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula tomen-
flavum (L.) Kuntze var. lanceolatum Kuntze = Crassula tosa var. tomentosa
vaginata subsp. vaginata trachysantha Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula mesembryan-
flavum (L.) Kuntze var. lorifolium Kuntze = Crassula thoides subsp. mesembryanthoides
flava typica Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula subulata var. subulata
flavum (L.) Kuntze var. reflexifolium Kuntze = Crassula
vaginata subsp. vaginata TETRAPHYLE Eckl. & Zeyh. 3168200
flavum (L.) Kuntze var. subulatum Kuntze = Crassula furcata Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula ericoides subsp. eri-
vaginata subsp. vaginata coides
lycopodioides (Lam.) Kuntze = Crassula muscosa var. lanceolata Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula lanceolata subsp.
muscosa lanceolata
littoralis Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula muscosa var. mus-
muscosum (L.) Kuntze in part = Crassula lanceolata
cosa
subsp. lanceolata
lycopodioides (Lam.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula mus-
radicans (Harv.) Kuntze = Crassula tetragona subsp. cosa var. muscosa
acutifolia muscosa (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. in part = Crassula lanceo-
ramuliflorum (Link & Otto) Kuntze = Crassula obovata lata subsp. lanceolata
var. obovata muscosa (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. in part = Crassula muscosa
ramuliflorum (Link & Otto) Kuntze forma rubriflorum var. muscosa
Kuntze = Crassula obovata var. obovata parvula Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula muscosa var. parvula
ramuliflorum (Link & Otto) Kuntze var. oblongifolia propinqua (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = Crassula
Kuntze = Crassula obovata var. obovata muscosa var. obtusifolia
regelii Kuntze = Crassula exilis subsp. cooperi pyramidalis (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula pyra-
midalis
scabrum (L.) Kuntze var. intermedium Kuntze, putative
quadrangula Eckl. & Zeyh. = Crassula pyramidalis
hybrid of Crassula pruinosa × Crassula scabra
tetragonum (L.) Kuntze = Crassula tetragona subsp. TILLAEA L. 3168060
tetragona alsinoides Hook.f. = Crassula pellucida subsp. alsi-
transvaalense Kuntze, as ‘transvalense’ = Crassula noides
lanceolata subsp. transvaalensis brevifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. = Crassula decum-
vaginatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Crassula vaginata bens var. brachyphylla
subsp. vaginata capensis L.f. = Crassula natans var. natans
decumbens Willd. = Crassula thunbergiana subsp.
SEPTAS L. 3168170 thunbergiana
capensis L. = Crassula capensis var. capensis ecklonis Walp. = Crassula natans var. minus
globifera in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Sims = Cras- elatinoides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. = Crassula elati-
sula saxifraga noides
CRASSULACEAE Sedum DICOTYLEDONS

filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = Crassula aurusbergensis G.Will. & Van Jaarsv.
natans var. natans Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.03–0.08 m. Alt 900–
filiformis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. var. parvula 1082 m. N
(Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = Crassula natans bayeri Van Jaarsv.
var. natans Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.005–0.08 m. Alt 500–
fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = Crassula natans 800 m. NC
var. natans bleckiae G.Will.
fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. var. intermedia Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.045–0.075 m. Alt 600–
(Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = Crassula natans 900 m. N, NC
var. natans bodleyae Van Jaarsv.
fluitans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. var. obovata Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.03–0.1 m. Alt 350–
(Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = Crassula natans 470 m. NC
var. natans buchholzianus (Schuldt & P.Stephan) Tölken subsp.
inanis (Thunb.) Steud. = Crassula inanis buchholzianus
perfoliata L.f. = Crassula inanis Cotyledon buchholziana Schuldt & P.Stephan (10)
perfoliata L.f. var. latifolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. = Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt
Crassula inanis 50–700 m. N, NC
reflexa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Endl. ex Walp. = Crassula natans buchholzianus (Schuldt & P.Stephan) Tölken subsp.
var. natans fasciculatus G.Will.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.045–0.2 m.
subulata (Hook.f.) Britten = Crassula lanceolata subsp. Alt 300–480 m. NC
transvaalensis
cacalioides (L.f.) Tölken
trichotoma (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. = Crassula decum- Cotyledon cacalioides L.f. (10)
bens var. decumbens Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 300–1200
umbellata (Thunb.) Willd. = Crassula umbellata m. WC, EC
vaillantii Willd. = Crassula vaillantii cacalioides (L.f.) Tölken × T. paniculatus (L.f.) Tölken,
putative hybrid
TYLECODON Tölken 3164010 Cotyledon fergusoniae L.Bolus (10)
(1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 249. cordiformis G.Will.
(2) Barker. 1930. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 10: tt. 394, 396. Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.005–0.03 m. Alt 400–
(3) Barker. 1938. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 18: t. 690.
(4) Dyer. 1942. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 22: t. 848. 600 m. NC
(5) Dyer. 1948. The Flowering Plants of Africa 27: t. 1046. cremnophilus Bruyns = T. ellaphieae
(6) Henderson. 1953. The Flowering Plants of Africa 29: t. 1142.
(7) Dyer. 1963. The Flowering Plants of Africa 36: t. 1411. decipiens Tölken
(8) Dyer. 1971. The Flowering Plants of Africa 41: tt. 1606, 1631. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt
(9) Tölken. 1978. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: t. 1774. 300–480 m. NC
(10) Tölken. 1985. FSA 14: 19–35. ellaphieae Van Jaarsv.
(11) Van Jaarsveld. 1988. Aloe 25: 30–32. T. cremnophilus Bruyns (14)
(12) Bruyns. 1989. South African Journal of Botany 55: 332–336.
(13) Van Jaarsveld. 1989. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: tt. 1983, 1984. Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt 600–
(14) Bruyns. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 125–132, 506. 1200 m. NC
(15) Van Jaarsveld. 1990. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: t. 2006. faucium (Poelln.) Tölken
(16) Bruyns. 1992. South African Journal of Botany 58: 50–55 Cotyledon faucium Poelln. (10)
(17) Van Jaarsveld. 1992. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 64:
57–61. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.15 m.
(18) Williamson. 1992. Aloe 29: 60–63. Alt 1100–1400 m. WC
(19) Van Jaarsveld & Williamson. 1994. Aloe 31: 56–59. fragilis (R.A.Dyer) Tölken
(20) Van Jaarsveld & Koutnik. 1995. Cactus and Succulent Journal Cotyledon fragilis R.A.Dyer (10)
(US) 67: 40–43. Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.01–0.2 m. Alt 5–20
(21) Williamson. 1995. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 67:
114–118. m. WC
(22) Van Jaarsveld & Koutnik. 1997. Bradleya 15: 65–72. grandiflorus (Burm.f.) Tölken
(23) Van Jaarsveld. 1998. Aloe 35: 10, 11. Cotyledon curviflora Sims (10)
(24) Williamson. 1998. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 70: 127, Cotyledon grandiflora Burm.f. (10)
128, 255–258. Cotyledon purpurea in sense of Haw., not of Thunb. (10)
(25) Williamson & Van Jaarsveld. 1999. Aloe 36: 43, 44. Cotyledon tuberculosa Lam. (10)
(26) Lavranos. 2000. Piante Grasse 20: 125. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt
albiflorus Bruyns 50–300 m. WC, NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. hallii (Tölken) Tölken
Alt 400–800 m. WC Cotyledon hallii Tölken (10)
Cotyledon pearsonii Schönland in part (10)
aridimontanus G.Will. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.045–0.1 m. Alt 600– 300–800 m. N, NC
1000 m. N hirtifolius (W.F.Barker) Tölken
atropurpureus Bruyns Cotyledon hirtifolia W.F.Barker (10)
Perennial. Dwarf succulent geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt
Alt 700–800 m. NC 600–850 m. NC
DICOTYLEDONS CRASSULACEAE Tillaea

kritzingeri Van Jaarsv. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.4

Perennial. Climber, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 500– m. Alt 20–1200 m. N, NC, WC, EC
1200 m. NC rubrovenosus (Dinter) Tölken
leucothrix (C.A.Sm.) Tölken Cotyledon rubrovenosa Dinter (10)
Adromischus leucothrix C.A.Sm. (10) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.4
Cotyledon leucothrix (C.A.Sm.) Fourc. (10) m. Alt 500–1200 m. N, NC
Cotyledon swartbergensis Poelln. (10)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 400– scandens Van Jaarsv. = T. tenuis
700 m. WC, EC schaeferianus (Dinter) Tölken
Adromischus hoerleinianus (Dinter) Poelln. (10)
longipes Van Jaarsv. & G.Will. Adromischus hoerleinianus (Dinter) Poelln. var. schaeferi Dinter (10)
Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.02–0.2 m. Alt 400– Adromischus keilhackii Werderm. (10)
800 m. NC Adromischus schaeferianus (Dinter) A.Berger (10)
Adromischus schaeferianus (Dinter) A.Berger var. keilhackii
mallei G.Will. (Werderm.) Poelln. (10)
Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.06–0.25 m. Alt 500– Cotyledon hoerleiniana Dinter (10)
700 m. NC Cotyledon hoerleiniana Dinter var. schaeferi Dinter (10)
Cotyledon schaeferi Dinter, naked name (10)
nigricaulis G.Will. & Van Jaarsv. Cotyledon schaeferiana Dinter (10)
Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.05–0.08 m. Alt 700– Cotyledon sinus-alexandri Poelln. (10)
900 m. NC Perennial. Geophyte, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.005–
nolteei Lavranos 0.05 m. Alt 10–150 m. N, NC
Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.02–0.05 m. Alt 250– similis (Tölken) Tölken
400 m. WC Cotyledon similis Tölken (10)
Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 50–
occultans (Tölken) Tölken
Cotyledon occultans Tölken (10) 1100 m. N, NC
Perennial. Dwarf geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.005–0.01 singularis (R.A.Dyer) Tölken
m. Alt 250–450 m. WC Cotyledon singularis R.A.Dyer (10)
Perennial. Geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt
paniculatus (L.f.) Tölken
Cotyledon fascicularis Aiton (10) 800–1100 m. N
Cotyledon mollis Dinter (10) stenocaulis Bruyns
Cotyledon paniculata L.f. (10) Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 600–
Cotyledon spuria L. in part (10)
Cotyledon tardiflora Bonpl. (10) 800 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 50–1200 striatus (Hutchison) Tölken
m. N, NC, WC, EC Cotyledon striata Hutchison (10)
papillaris (L.) G.D.Rowley (insufficiently known) (10)
200–1100 m. NC, WC
pearsonii (Schönland) Tölken
Cotyledon luteosquamata Poelln. (10) suffultus Bruyns ex Tölken
Cotyledon pearsonii Schönland in part (10) Perennial. Dwarf scandent succulent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 300–500 m. WC
Alt 300–1100 m. N, NC, WC sulphureus (Tölken) Tölken var. armianus Van Jaarsv.
peculiaris Van Jaarsv. Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.01–0.03 m. Alt 700–
Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.005–0.01 m. Alt 200– 1100 m. NC
300 m. WC sulphureus (Tölken) Tölken var. sulphureus
pusillus Bruyns Cotyledon sulphurea Tölken (10)
Perennial. Geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.005–0.01 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.01–0.03 m. Alt 700–
600–950 m. NC 1100 m. NC
pygmaeus (W.F.Barker) Tölken tenuis (Tölken) Bruyns
Cotyledon pygmaea W.F.Barker (10) Cotyledon pygmaea W.F.Barker var. tenuis Tölken (16)
T. pygmaeus (W.F.Barker) Tölken var. tenuis (Tölken) Tölken (16)
Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.025–0.15 m. Alt 150– T. scandens Van Jaarsv. (20)
300 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf succulent, scandent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m.
pygmaeus (W.F.Barker) Tölken var. tenuis (Tölken) Alt 100–300 m. WC
Tölken = T. tenuis
torulosus Tölken
racemosus (Harv.) Tölken Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 300–
Cotyledon chloroleuca Dinter ex Friedrich (10)
Cotyledon racemosa Harv. in part (10) 500 m. NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt tribblei Van Jaarsv.
200–1000 m. N, NC Perennial. Dwarf succulent, scandent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m.
reticulatus (L.f.) Tölken subsp. phyllopodium Tölken Alt 600–900 m. NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt tuberosus Tölken
50–700 m. N, NC Perennial. Geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.04–0.35 m. Alt
reticulatus (L.f.) Tölken subsp. reticulatus 900–1100 m. NC
Cotyledon dichotoma Haw. (10) ventricosus (Burm.f.) Tölken
Cotyledon parvula Burch. (10) Cotyledon ventricosa Burm.f. (10)
Cotyledon reticulata L.f. (10) Cotyledon ventricosa Burm.f. var. alpina Harv. (10)
CRASSULACEAE Tylecodon DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. NC, WC, EC

m. Alt 50–1200 m. N, NC, WC, EC wallichii (Harv.) Tölken subsp. wallichii × T.
viridiflorus (Tölken) Tölken cacalioides (L.f.) Tölken, putative hybrid (10)
Cotyledon viridiflora Tölken (10) wallichii (Harv.) Tölken subsp. wallichii × T. panicu-
Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 600– latus (L.f.) Tölken, putative hybrid (10)
900 m. NC
wallichii (Harv.) Tölken subsp. ecklonianus (Harv.) VAUANTHES Haw. 3170010
Tölken
Cotyledon cacalioides in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. (10) chloraeflora Haw. = Crassula dichotoma
Cotyledon dinteri Baker f. (10) dichotoma (L.) Kuntze = Crassula dichotoma
Cotyledon eckloniana Harv. (10)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 50–1200 VEREA Willd. 3168190
m. N, NC
crenata Andrews, as ‘Vereia’ = Kalanchoe crenata
wallichii (Harv.) Tölken subsp. wallichii
Cotyledon wallichii Harv. (10) laciniata (L.) Willd. = Kalanchoe laciniata
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 50–1500 rotundifolia (Haw.) D.Dietr. = Kalanchoe rotundifolia
CUCURBITACEAE
ACANTHOSICYOS Welw. ex 8590000 lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai

Hook.f. C. vulgaris Eckl. & Zeyh. (2)
Colocynthis citrullus (L.) Kuntze (2)
(1) Meeuse. 1962. Bothalia 8: 52–54. Momordica lanata Thunb. (2)
(2) Jeffrey. 1978. FZ 4: 433, 434.
Annual. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 5–
horridus Welw. ex Hook.f. 1785 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 25–150 m. N, NC NC, EC
naudinianus (Sond.) C.Jeffrey naudinianus (Sond.) Hook.f. = Acanthosicyos naudini-
Citrullus naudinianus (Sond.) Hook.f. (2) anus
Colocynthis naudinianus (Sond.) Kuntze (2)
Cucumis naudinianus Sond. (2) rehmii De Winter
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.5–3 m. Alt 380– Annual. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.3–2 m. Alt? N
1695 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, NC vulgaris Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. lanatus
BLASTANIA Kotschy & Peyr. 8564020 COCCINIA Wight & Arn. 8628000
(1) Meeuse. 1962. Bothalia 8: 95–106.
cerasiformis (Stocks) A.Meeuse = Ctenolepis cerasi- (2) Jeffrey. 1978. FZ 4: 442–451.
formis adoensis (A.Rich.) Cogn.
C. parvifolia Cogn. (2)
BRYONIA L. 8595000 C. pubescens (Sond.) Eyles (2)
Momordica adoensis A.Rich. (2)
africana L. = Kedrostis africana Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–6 m. Alt 5–1920 m.
nana Lam. = Kedrostis nana var. nana N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN
palmata L. = Diplocyclos palmatus hirtella Cogn.
quinqueloba Thunb. = Coccinia quinqueloba Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 610–2135
m. M, FS, KZN, L, EC
scabra L.f. = Zehneria scabra subsp. scabra
ovifera Dinter & Gilg = C. rehmannii
CEPHALANDRA Eckl. & Zeyh. 8628010 palmata (Sond.) Cogn.
Cephalandra palmata Sond. (1)
palmata Sond. = Coccinia palmata Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–9 m. Alt 15–2010 m.
quinqueloba (Thunb.) Schrad. in the writings of Eckl. & LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
Zeyh. = Coccinia quinqueloba parvifolia Cogn. = C. adoensis
sessilifolia Sond. = Coccinia sessilifolia pubescens (Sond.) Eyles = C. adoensis
quinqueloba (Thunb.) Cogn.
CITRULLUS Eckl. & Zeyh. 8598000 Bryonia quinqueloba Thunb. (1)
(1) Meeuse 1962. Bothalia 8: 54–59. Cephalandra quinqueloba (Thunb.) Schrad. in the writings of Eckl.
(2) De Winter. 1990. Bothalia 20: 209–211. & Zeyh. (1)
(3) Chadwick & De Winter. 1991. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 5–1310 m.
t. 2040.
KZN, EC
ecirrhosus Cogn. (3) rehmannii Cogn.
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 150– C. ovifera Dinter & Gilg (2)
1065 m. N, NC C. rehmannii Cogn. var. littoralis A.Meeuse (2)
DICOTYLEDONS CRASSULACEAE Tylecodon

Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 5–1850 m. Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC 700–1400 m. N
rehmannii Cogn. var. littoralis A.Meeuse = C. rehmannii wildii C.Jeffrey
schinzii Cogn. = C. sessilifolia Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt
750–1350 m. B
sessilifolia (Sond.) Cogn.
Cephalandra sessilifolia Sond. (1)
C. schinzii Cogn. (1) CTENOLEPIS Hook.f. 8564010
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 315–1800 (1) Jeffrey. 1978. FZ 4: 460–462.
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC cerasiformis (Stocks) Hook.f.
Blastania cerasiformis (Stocks) A.Meeuse (1)
variifolia A.Meeuse Zehneria cerasiformis Stocks (1)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 1100–1480 Annual. Climber. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 210–420 m. B, LIM
m. LIM, KZN
CUCUMELLA Chiov. 8599010
COLOCYNTHIS Mill. 8598010 (1) Launert & Roessler. 1968. FSWA 94: 11, 12.
citrullus (L.) Kuntze = Citrullus lanatus (2) Kirkbride. 1994. Brittonia 46,3: 161–186.
naudinianus (Sond.) Kuntze = Acanthosicyos naudini- aspera (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey

Cucumis aspera Cogn. (2)
anus
Perennial. Shrublet, herb, climber. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt
CONIANDRA Schrad. ex Eckl. 8568010 250–1200 m. N
& Zeyh. bryoniifolia (Merxm.) C.Jeffrey
Cucumis umbrosus A.Meeuse & Strey (2)
africana (L.) Sond. = Kedrostis africana Hymenosicyos bryoniifolius Merxm. (2)
digitata (Thunb.) Sond. = Kedrostis africana Annual. Herb, climber. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 700–1310 m.
LIM, M
glauca Schrad. in the writings of Eckl. & Zeyh. = Kedros-
tis africana cinerea (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey
Kedrostis cinerea Cogn. (2)
molle (Kunze) Sond. = Kedrostis nana var. nana Melothria cinerea (Cogn.) A.Meeuse (1)
punctulata Sond. = Kedrostis africana Perennial. Shrublet, herb, climber. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt
thunbergii Sond. = Kedrostis nana var. nana 420–1165 m. N, LIM, NW, M
zeyheri Schrad. in the writings of Eckl. & Zeyh. = Kedros- clavipetiolata J.H.Kirkbr.
tis nana var. zeyheri Annual. Herb, climber. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1900–2330
m. N
CORALLOCARPUS Hook.f. 8569000
CUCUMIS L. 8599000
(1) Kirkbride. 1993. Biosystematic monograph of the genus Cucumis
bainesii (Hook.f.) A.Meeuse (Cucurbitaceae): 1–159.
C. dinteri Cogn. (1)
C. sphaerocarpus Cogn. (1) africanus L.f.
Rhynchocarpa bainesii Hook.f. (1) C. hookeri Naudin (1)
Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 150–
150–940 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN 2115 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, NC, WC, EC
boehmii (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey africanus L.f. var. zeyheri (Sond.) Burtt Davy = C. zey-
Kedrostis boehmii Cogn. (1) heri
Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt angolensis Hook.f. ex Cogn. = C. sagittatus
1000–1100 m. N anguria L. var. longaculeatus J.H.Kirkbr.
dinteri Cogn. = C. bainesii Annual. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 10–
dissectus Cogn. 1675 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN
Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt aspera Cogn. = Cucumella aspera
540–915 m. N, NC cogniauxianus Dinter ex Cogn. & Harms = C. sagitta-
gilgianus Cogn. = C. welwitschii tus
schinzii Cogn. dinteri Cogn. = C. sagittatus
C. subhastatus Cogn. (1) dissectifolius Naudin = C. myriocarpus subsp. myrio-
Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt carpus
700–1405 m. N, NC ficifolius of author, not of A.Rich. = C. meeusei
sphaerocarpus Cogn. = C. bainesii heptadactylus Naudin
subhastatus Cogn. = C. schinzii Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.5–1.5 m. Alt
triangularis Cogn. 1065–1525 m. NW, FS, NC, EC
Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt hirsutus Sond.
300–1530 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, NC C. sonderi Cogn. (1)
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.3–2 m. Alt 15–
welwitschii (Naudin) Hook.f. ex Welw.
C. gilgianus Cogn. (1) 1830 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
Rhynchocarpa welwitschii Naudin (1) hookeri Naudin = C. africanus
CUCURBITACEAE Coccinia DICOTYLEDONS

humifructus Stent CUCURBITA L. 8622000

Annual. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 800– siceraria Molina = Lagenaria siceraria
1050 m. N, LIM, G
kalahariensis A.Meeuse CYCLANTHEROPSIS Harms 8641000
(1) Jeffrey. 1978. FZ 4: 497–499.
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.5–3 m. Alt ?–
1190 m. N, B, NC parviflora (Cogn.) Harms
Gerrardanthus parviflorus Cogn. (1)
leptodermis Schweick. = C. myriocarpus subsp. lepto- Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 330–500 m. N
dermis
maderaspatanus L. = Mukia maderaspatana DACTYLIANDRA (Hook.f.) 8563000
meeusei C.Jeffrey Hook.f.
C. ficifolius of author, not of A.Rich. (1) (1) Meeuse. 1962. Bothalia 8: 10, 11.
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 460– luederitziana (Cogn.) Cogn. = D. welwitschii
1740 m. N, B, NC welwitschii Hook.f.
melo L. subsp. agrestis (Naudin) Pangalo D. luederitziana (Cogn.) Cogn. (1)
C. melo L. var. agrestis (Naudin) Pangalo (1) Annual. Climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 320–1370
Annual or perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.3– m. N
1 m. Alt ?–1070 m. LIM, NW, M
melo L. subsp. melo *DIPLOCYCLOS (Endl.) Post 8600010
C. melo L. var. cultus W.S.Kurz (1) & Kuntze
Annual or perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5– (1) Jeffrey. 1978. FZ 4: 451–453.
1.5 m. Alt ?–1270 m. LIM, G, M palmatus (L.) C.Jeffrey
Bryonia palmata L. (1)
melo L. var. agrestis Naudin = C. melo subsp. agrestis
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt ?–500 m. KZN
melo L. var. cultus W.S.Kurz = C. melo subsp. melo
merxmuelleri Suess. = C. myriocarpus subsp. myrio- GERRARDANTHUS Harv. ex 8555000
carpus Hook.f.
metuliferus E.Mey. ex Naudin (1) Meeuse. 1962. Bothalia 8: 8–10.
Annual. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 210– macrorhizus Harv. ex Hook.f.
960 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN G. megarhiza Decne. & Harv. (1)
myriocarpus Naudin subsp. leptodermis (Schweick.) Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.5–9 m. Alt 5–610 m. S, KZN,
C.Jeffrey & P.Halliday EC
C. leptodermis Schweick. (1) megarhiza Decne. & Harv. = G. macrorhizus
Annual. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.1–1 m. Alt 100– parviflorus Cogn. = Cyclantheropsis parviflora
2300 m. NW, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
tomentosus Hook.f.
myriocarpus Naudin subsp. myriocarpus Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 100–400 m. KZN
C. dissectifolius Naudin (1)
C. merxmuelleri Suess. (1)
HYMENOSICYOS Chiov. 8599020
Annual. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.1–2.5 m. Alt 15–
1950 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, bryoniifolius Merxm. = Cucumella bryoniifolia
EC KEDROSTIS Medik. 8568000
naudinianus Sond. = Acanthosicyos naudinianus (1) Meeuse. 1962. Bothalia 8: 24–38.
prophetarum L. subsp. zeyheri (Sond.) C.Jeffrey = C. (2) Jeffrey. 1978. FZ 4: 484–487.
zeyheri (3) Bruyns. 1993. Bothalia 23: 233–235.
quintanilhae R.Fern. & A.Fern. africana (L.) Cogn.
Annual. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 1300– Bryonia africana L. (1)
Coniandra africana (L.) Sond. (1)
1380 m. LIM Coniandra digitata (Thunb.) Sond. (1)
rigidus E.Mey. ex Sond. Coniandra glauca Schrad. in the writings of Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 190–660 m. N, Coniandra punctulata Sond. (1)
K. digitata (Thunb.) Cogn. (1)
NC K. glauca (Schrad.) Cogn. (1)
sagittatus Peyr. K. punctulata (Sond.) Cogn. (1)
C. angolensis Hook.f. ex Cogn. (1) Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–6 m. Alt 190–2115
C. cogniauxianus Dinter ex Cogn. & Harms (1)
C. dinteri Cogn. (1)
m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Suffrutex, herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.3– angulata (P.J.Bergius) Fourc. = K. nana var. nana
1.2 m. Alt 700–1400 m. N, NC boehmii Cogn. = Corallocarpus boehmii
sonderi Cogn. = C. hirsutus capensis (Sond.) A.Meeuse
Pisosperma capense Sond. (1)
umbrosus A.Meeuse & Strey = Cucumella bryoniifolia
Perennial. Climber, prostrate. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 10–
zeyheri Sond. 1830 m. N, FS, L, NC, EC
C. africanus L.f. var. zeyheri (Sond.) Burtt Davy (1)
C. prophetarum L. subsp. zeyheri (Sond.) C.Jeffrey (1) cinerea Cogn. = Cucumella cinerea
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 60– crassirostrata Bremek.
1900 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 1020–
NC, EC 1120 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, NC
DICOTYLEDONS CUCURBITACEAE Cucumis

digitata (Thunb.) Cogn. = K. africana vulgaris Ser. = L. siceraria

foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn.
K. foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn. subsp. obtusiloba (Sond.) A.Meeuse (2) LUFFA Mill. 8594000
Trichosanthes foetidissima Jacq. (2)
caledonica Sond. = Peponium caledonicum
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 30–1950 m.
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC sphaerica Sond. = Lagenaria sphaerica
foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn. subsp. obtusiloba (Sond.) MELOTHRIA L. 8562010
A.Meeuse = K. foetidissima
glauca (Schrad.) Cogn. = K. africana acutifolia Cogn. = Zehneria marlothii
hirtella (Naudin) Cogn. cinerea (Cogn.) A.Meeuse = Cucumella cinerea
K. natalensis (Hook.f.) A.Meeuse (2)
cordata (Thunb.) Cogn. = Zehneria scabra subsp. scabra
Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt
70–1525 m. N, B, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC, EC hederacea (Sond.) Cogn. = Kedrostis nana var. nana
leloja (J.F.Gmel.) C.Jeffrey maderaspatana (L.) Cogn. = Mukia maderaspatana
Turia leloja J.F.Gmel. (2)
marlothii Cogn. = Zehneria marlothii
180–550 m. LIM, KZN parvifolia Cogn. = Zehneria parvifolia
limpopoensis C.Jeffrey, as ‘limpompensis’ punctata Cogn. = Zehneria scabra subsp. scabra
Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 1–6 m. Alt ?–
750 m. LIM MOMORDICA L. 8591000
mollis (Kunze) Cogn. = K. nana var. nana (1) Meeuse. 1959. The Flowering Plants of Africa 33: t. 1295.
(2) Meeuse. 1962. Bothalia 8: 45–52.
nana (Lam.) Cogn. var. nana (3) Launert & Roessler. 1968. FSWA 94: 19–21.
Bryonia nana Lam. (1) (4) Jeffrey & Mann. 1978. FZ 4: 419–429.
Coniandra molle (Kunze) Sond. (1)
Coniandra thunbergii Sond. (1) adoensis A.Rich. = Coccinia adoensis
K. angulata (P.J.Bergius) Fourc. (1)
K. mollis (Kunze) Cogn. (1) balsamina L.
M. involucrata E.Mey. ex Sond. (4)
K. velutina Cogn. (1)
M. schinzii Cogn. (3)
Melothria hederacea (Sond.) Cogn. (1)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 5–245 m. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 5–1465 m.
WC, EC N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC
nana (Lam.) Cogn. var. schlechteri (Cogn.) A.Meeuse boivinii Baill.
Raphanocarpus boivinii (Baill.) Chiov. (4)
K. schlechteri Cogn. (1)
Raphanocarpus tuberosus Dinter (3)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 60–750 m. Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt
WC, EC 305–1950 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN
nana (Lam.) Cogn. var. zeyheri (Schrad.) A.Meeuse
Coniandra zeyheri Schrad. in the writings of Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) cardiospermoides Klotzsch (1)
M. clematidea Sond. (4)
K. zeyheri (Schrad.) Cogn. (1)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 15–915 m. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 120–1100 m.
KZN, WC, EC B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
natalensis (Hook.f.) A.Meeuse = K. hirtella *charantia L.
psammophylla Bruyns 120–750 m. N, M, KZN
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 80–? m. NC, WC
clematidea Sond. = M. cardiospermoides
punctulata (Sond.) Cogn. = K. africana
cordifolia E.Mey. ex Sond. = M. foetida
schlechteri Cogn. = K. nana var. schlechteri
foetida Schumach.
velutina Cogn. = K. nana var. nana M. cordifolia E.Mey. ex Sond. (2)
zeyheri (Schrad.) Cogn. = K. nana var. zeyheri Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 275–1700 m.
N, LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
LAGENARIA Ser. 8610000 humilis (Cogn.) C.Jeffrey
(1) Jeffrey. 1978. FZ 4: 437–440. Raphanocarpus humilis Cogn. (3)
mascarena Naudin = L. sphaerica Raphanocarpus welwitschii Hook.f. (3)
Annual. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt ?–1845 m. N
sagittata Harv. ex Sond. = Trochomeria sagittata
siceraria (Molina) Standl. involucrata E.Mey. ex Sond. = M. balsamina
Cucurbita siceraria Molina (1) kirkii (Hook.f.) C.Jeffrey
L. vulgaris Ser. (1) Raphanocarpus kirkii Hook.f. (4)
Annual. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 245– Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 100–1005
1265 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, S m. N, B
sphaerica (Sond.) Naudin lanata Thunb. = Citrullus lanatus
L. mascarena Naudin (1)
Luffa sphaerica Sond. (1) marlothii Harms = M. repens
Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 5– repens Bremek.
915 m. B, LIM, KZN, WC, EC M. marlothii Harms (2)
CUCURBITACEAE Kedrostis DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.5–2 m. Alt 855– TROCHOMERIA Hook.f. 8608000
1065 m. B, LIM, G (1) Meeuse. 1954. The Flowering Plants of Africa 30: t. 1168.
schinzii Cogn. = M. balsamina (2) Meeuse. 1962. Bothalia 8: 85–91.
(3) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1970. Conspectus florae angolensis 4: 285.
welwitschii Hook.f.
Annual. Herb, climber Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? N debilis (Sond.) Hook.f.
Zehneria debilis Sond. (2)
Zehneria wyleana Sond. (2)
MUKIA Arn. 8562000 Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt
(1) Jeffrey. 1978. FZ 4: 475–477. 460–1850 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, NC
maderaspatana (L.) M.Roem. hookeri Harv.
Cucumis maderaspatanus L. (1) T. rotundata Burtt Davy (2)
Melothria maderaspatana (L.) Cogn. (1) Zehneria garcini of author, not of (L.) Stocks (2)
M. scabrella (L.) Arn. (1)
Annual. Climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 45–1220
30–1950 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
m. LIM, M, S, KZN
macrocarpa (Sond.) Hook.f. subsp. macrocarpa (1)
scabrella (L.) Arn. = M. maderaspatana T. nudiflora Burtt Davy (2)
Zehneria macrocarpa Sond. (2)
OREOSYCE Hook.f. 8560000 Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt
(1) Jeffrey. 1978. FZ 4: 470–472. 610–1525 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
africana Hook.f. macrocarpa (Sond.) Hook.f. subsp. vitifolia (Hook.f.)
O. subsericea (Hook.f.) A.Meeuse (1)
R.Fern. & A.Fern.
Annual. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt ?– T. vitifolia Hook.f. (3)
800 m. B, LIM Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt
subsericea (Hook.f.) A.Meeuse = O. africana 915–? m. N
nudiflora Burtt Davy = T. macrocarpa subsp. macro-
PEPONIA Naudin 8612010 carpa
caledonica (Sond.) Cogn. = Peponium caledonicum rotundata Burtt Davy = T. hookeri
mackenii Naudin = Peponium mackenii sagittata (Harv. ex Sond.) Cogn.
Lagenaria sagittata Harv. ex Sond. (2)
PEPONIUM Engl. 8612000 Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt
(1) Meeuse. 1962. Bothalia 8: 91–95. 45–1525 m. M, S, KZN, EC
caledonicum (Sond.) Engl. vitifolia Hook.f. = T. macrocarpa subsp. vitifolia
Luffa caledonica Sond. (1)
Peponia caledonica (Sond.) Cogn. (1) TURIA Forssk. ex J.F.Gmel. 8594010
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 790–1980 m.
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC, EC leloja J.F.Gmel. = Kedrostis leloja
mackenii (Naudin) Engl. ZEHNERIA Endl. 8564000
Peponia mackenii Naudin (1)
(1) Jeffrey. 1978. FZ 4: 477–483.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 5–550 m.
KZN, EC cerasiformis Stocks = Ctenolepis cerasiformis
debilis Sond. = Trochomeria debilis
PISOSPERMA Sond. 8566000
garcini of author, not of (L.) Stocks = Trochomeria
capense Sond. = Kedrostis capensis hookeri
macrocarpa Sond. = Trochomeria macrocarpa subsp.
RAPHANOCARPUS Hook.f. 8593000 macrocarpa
boivinii (Baill.) Chiov. = Momordica boivinii marlothii (Cogn.) R.& A.Fern.
Melothria acutifolia Cogn. (1)
humilis Cogn. = Momordica humilis Melothria marlothii Cogn. (1)
kirkii Hook.f. = Momordica kirkii Annual. Climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 410–855 m. N, B,
tuberosus Dinter = Momordica boivinii LIM, NW, G
welwitschii Hook.f. = Momordica humilis parvifolia (Cogn.) J.H.Ross
Melothria parvifolia Cogn. (1)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 5–155 m. KZN
RHYNCHOCARPA Schrad. ex Endl. 8568020
scabra (L.f.) Sond. subsp. scabra
bainesii Hook.f. = Corallocarpus bainesii Bryonia scabra L.f. (1)
Melothria cordata (Thunb.) Cogn. (1)
welwitschii Naudin = Corallocarpus welwitschii Melothria punctata Cogn. (1)
TRICHOSANTHES L. 8615000 LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
foetidissima Jacq. = Kedrostis foetidissima wyleana Sond. = Trochomeria debilis
DICOTYLEDONS CUCURBITACEAE Momordica

CUNONIACEAE
CUNONIA L. 3275000 PLATYLOPHUS D.Don 3269000

(1) Harvey. 1862. FC 2: 306, 307. (1) Harvey. 1862. FC 2: 307.
(2) Pooley. 1993. Trees of Natal: 112. trifoliatus (L.f.) D.Don
capensis L. Weinmannia trifoliata L.f. (1)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–30 m. Alt 30–1525 m. KZN, Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–30 m. Alt 45–765 m. WC, EC
WC, EC
WEINMANNIA L. 3276000
trifoliata L.f. = Platylophus trifoliatus
CYTINACEAE
CYTINUS L., name conserved 2180000 dioicus Juss. = C. sanguineus

(1) Hill. 1901. FC 5,1: 485−487. sanguineus (Thunb.) Fourc.
(2) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 417. Aphyteia multiceps Burch. (1)
(3) Marloth. 1913. Flora of South Africa 1: 174−176, t. 43, as Raffle- C. dioicus Juss. (4)
siaceae (Cytineae). Hyobanche sanguinea of author, not of L.: Thunb. (1784) (2, 4)
(4) Oliver. 1967. The Flowering Plants of Africa 38: t. 1486, as Raffle- Hypolepis sanguinea (Thunb.) Pers. (1, 4)
siaceae. Phelypea sanguinea Thunb., as ‘Phelypaea’ (1, 4)
(5) Visser. 1981. South African parasitic flowering plants: 56−63, as
Rafflesiaceae.
Perennial. Herb, parasite, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.15 m.
(6) Jordaan. 2000. In Leistner, Seed plants of southern Africa: 462, as Alt 45–1065 m. NC, WC, EC
Rafflesiaceae.
(7) Nickrent. 1997−2000. The Parasitic Plant Connection, Cytinaceae. HYPOLEPIS Pers. 2180010
South Illinois University, Carbondale, College of Science. URL:
http://www.science.siu.edu/parasitic-plants/Cytinaceae.html (as sanguinea (Thunb.) Pers. = Cytinus sanguineus
accessed on 22 October 2002).
Note: usually only the flowers of Cytinus project above ground, so
some of the heights given here probably include the underground PHELYPEA Thunb., as ‘Phelypaea’, 2180020
stems as well. not of Tourn. ex L.
capensis Marloth Note: as ‘Phelypea’ in De Dalla Torre & Harms (1958) and Index
Kewensis (1997)
Perennial. Herb, parasite, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.12 m.
Alt ± 5−? m. WC, EC? sanguinea Thunb. = Cytinus sanguineus
DICHAPETALACEAE
DICHAPETALUM Thouars 4283000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt ± 1000 m. N, B

(1) Breteler. 1978. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen venenatum Engl. & Gilg = D. cymosum
78-10: 1–84.
(2) Breteler. 1982. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen TAPURA Aubl. 4285000
82-8: 1–92.
(1) Torre. 1963. FZ 2: 319–328.
bullockii Hauman = D. cymosum (2) Breteler. 1987. Agricultural University Wageningen Papers 86-3:
1–74.
cymosum (Hook.) Engl.
D. bullockii Hauman (1) fischeri Engl.
D. venenatum Engl. & Gilg (1) T. fischeri Engl. var. pubescens Verdc. & Torre (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, rhizomatous. Ht 0.04–0.5 m. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–21 m. Alt 15–1300 m.
Alt 850–1980 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, KZN KZN
rhodesicum Sprague & Hutch. fischeri Engl. var. pubescens Verdc. & Torre = T. fischeri
CUNONIACEAE Cunonia DICOTYLEDONS

DIPSACACEAE
CEPHALARIA Schrad. 8541000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? WC

(1) Compton. 1967. Journal of South African Botany 33: 298, 299. ustulata (Thunb.) Roem. & Schult. = C. decurrens
(2) Napper. 1968. Kew Bulletin 21: 463–470.
(3) Burtt. 1986. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh 43: wilmsiana Szabó
366, 367. Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? M, KZN
armerioides Szabó zeyheriana Szabó
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1300–1830 m. LIM, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1.5 m. Alt 760–2200 m.
M LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
attenuata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. SCABIOSA L. 8546000
C. lavendulacea Sond. (2)
Scabiosa attenuata L.f. (2) (1) Sonder. 1865. FC 3: 43, 44.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.75 m. Alt 215–1525 m. WC, (2) Bolus. 1918. Annals of the Bolus Herbarium 2: 96, 97.
(3) Moore. 1918. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign 56: 6.
EC (4) Dyer. 1941. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 21: t. 835.
attenuata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. var. oblongifolia Kuntze (5) Hutchinson. 1946. A botanist in southern Africa: 250.
(6) Cannon & Cannon. 1983. FZ 7,1: 77–85.
= C. oblongifolia (7) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 420.
decurrens (Thunb.) Roem. & Schult. africana L.
C. ustulata (Thunb.) Roem. & Schult. (2)
Scabiosa decurrens Thunb. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 270–700 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt? WC albanensis R.A.Dyer (4)
foliosa Compton Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 15–1670 m. WC,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 1335–1700 m. S, EC
KZN angustiloba (Sond.) Hutch.
S. buekiana Eckl. & Zeyh. var. angustiloba Sond. (6)
galpiniana Szabó subsp. galpiniana
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 2670–3070 m. L,
EC anthemifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = S. columbaria
galpiniana Szabó subsp. simplicior B.L.Burtt attenuata L.f. = Cephalaria attenuata
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.65 m. Alt 2060–2750 m. austro-africana Heine = S. columbaria
KZN, L, EC buekiana Eckl. & Zeyh.
humilis (Thunb.) Roem. & Schult. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 6–400 m. EC
Scabiosa humilis Thunb. (2)
buekiana Eckl. & Zeyh. var. angustiloba Sond. = S.
angustiloba
WC, EC
columbaria L.
lavendulacea Sond. = C. attenuata S. anthemifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
natalensis Kuntze S. austro-africana Heine (6)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–2.6 m. Alt 1525–2135 m. M, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.55 m. Alt 5–3475 m. N, B,
FS, KZN, L, EC LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
oblongifolia (Kuntze) Szabó decurrens Thunb. = Cephalaria decurrens
C. attenuata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. var. oblongifolia Kuntze (2) drakensbergensis B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 8–2335 m. S, FS, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.75–1.8 m. Alt 1500–2000 m.
KZN, EC LIM, FS, KZN
petiolata Compton humilis Thunb. = Cephalaria humilis
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 1170–1500 m. S incisa Mill.
pungens Szabó Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.45 m. Alt 6–200 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 10–2455 m. LIM, rigida L. = Cephalaria rigida
G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
scabra L.f. = Cephalaria scabra
rigida (L.) Roem. & Schult.
Scabiosa rigida L. (2) transvaalensis S.Moore
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 380–1400 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.75–2 m. Alt 1385–1870 m. M
scabra (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. tysonii L.Bolus
Scabiosa scabra L.f. (2) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 50–1730 m. KZN, EC
DICOTYLEDONS DIPSACACEAE Cephalaria

DROSERACEAE
ALDROVANDA L. 3134000 cuneifolia Thunb., not of L.f. = D. cuneifolia

(1) Obermeyer. 1970. FSA 13: 187–189. cuneifolia Thunb., not of L.f., var. β Thunb. = D. cunei-
vesiculosa L. folia
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte, carnivore. Ht? Alt 915– curvipes Planch. = D. madagascariensis
1030 m. B curviscapa Salter = D. aliciae
DROSERA L. 3136000 curviscapa Salter var. esterhuyseniae Salter = D. aliciae
(1) Sonder. 1860. FC 1: 75–78. dielsiana Exell & J.R.Laundon
(2) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 243. Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.01–0.25 m. Alt 915–
(3) Roessler. 1966. FSWA 45: 1. 2180 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN
(4) Obermeyer. 1970. FSA 13: 189–201.
(5) Obermeyer & Nicholas. 1984. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: glabripes (Harv.) Stein
t. 1886. D. ramentacea Burch. ex DC. var. glabripes Harv. ex Planch. (4)
(6) Cheek. 1987. Kew Bulletin 42: 738. D. ramentacea in sense of Diels, misapplied name (4)
(7) Debbert. 1987. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 105–
München 23: 431–436. 1370 m. WC
(8) Bennett & Cheek. 1990. Kew Bulletin 45: 375–381.
grandiflora Bartl. = D. pauciflora
acaulis in sense of Raym.-Hamet, misapplied name = D.
pauciflora helianthemum Planch. = D. cistiflora
acaulis L.f. hilaris Cham. & Schltdl.
D. acaulis Thunb., not of L.f. (4) Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 75–915
D. pauciflora Banks ex DC. var. acaulis (Thunb.) Sond. (4) m. WC
Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.01–0.02 m. Alt ?– indica L.
2100 m. WC Annual. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.03–0.6 m. Alt? N, LIM,
acaulis Thunb., not of L.f. = D. acaulis M
admirabilis Debbert madagascariensis DC.
Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht? Alt? WC D. curvipes Planch. (4)
D. madagascariensis DC. var. major Burtt Davy (4)
alba E.Phillips D. ramentacea Burch. ex DC. var. curvipes (Planch.) Sond. (4)
Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.08–0.13 m. Alt 565– D. ramentacea in sense of Oliv., misapplied name (4)
800 m. WC Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt 45–
aliciae Raym.-Hamet 1550 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC,
D. curviscapa Salter (4) EC
D. curviscapa Salter var. esterhuyseniae Salter (4)
madagascariensis DC. var. major Burtt Davy = D. mada-
Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 30–
gascariensis
2000 m. WC, EC
natalensis Diels
burkeana Planch.
Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 1–2450 m.
Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.1–0.23 m. Alt 870–
LIM, M, KZN, L, EC
1494 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, L, EC
pauciflora Banks ex DC.
capensis L. D. acaulis in sense of Raym.-Hamet, misapplied name (4)
Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 15–900 D. grandiflora Bartl. (4)
m. WC, EC Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 61–
cistiflora L. 1050 m. WC
D. helianthemum Planch. (4)
D. pauciflora Banks ex DC. var. minor Sond. (4)
pauciflora Banks ex DC. var. acaulis (Thunb.) Sond. =
D. speciosa C.Presl (4) D. acaulis
D. zeyheri Salter (4) pauciflora Banks ex DC. var. minor Sond. = D. cistiflo-
Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 20–1250 ra
m. WC, EC
ramentacea Burch. ex DC.
collinsiae N.E.Br. ex Burtt Davy D. ramentacea Burch. ex DC. var. burchelliana Sond. (1)
Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 60–2200 Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 460–
m. NW, G, M, FS, L, WC 1585 m. WC
cuneifolia L.f. ramentacea Burch. ex DC. var. burchelliana Sond. = D.
D. cuneifolia Thunb., not of L.f. (4)
D. cuneifolia Thunb., not of L.f., var. β Thunb. (4) ramentacea
Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt ?–915 ramentacea Burch. ex DC. var. curvipes (Planch.) Sond.
m. WC = D. madagascariensis
cuneifolia L.f. var. α Thunb. = D. trinervia ramentacea Burch. ex DC. var. glabripes Harv. ex
cuneifolia L.f. var. γ Thunb. = D. trinervia Planch. = D. glabripes
DROSERACEAE Aldrovanda DICOTYLEDONS

ramentacea in sense of Diels, misapplied name = D. slackii Cheek

glabripes Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 500–700 m. WC
ramentacea in sense of Oliv., misapplied name = D. speciosa C.Presl = D. cistiflora
madagascariensis trinervia Spreng.
D. cuneifolia L.f. var. α Thunb. (4)
regia Stephens D. cuneifolia L.f. var. γ Thunb. (4)
Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt ?–915 Perennial. Herb, carnivore. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt
m. WC 15–2200 m. KZN, L, WC
roridula Thunb. = Roridula dentata zeyheri Salter = D. cistiflora
EBENACEAE
DIOSPYROS L. 6406000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub or occ. shrub. Ht 0.6–1.3 m.

(1) De Winter. 1958. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1262. Alt 30–1525 m. M, S, KZN
(2) De Winter. 1963. FSA 26: 54–80. glabra (L.) De Winter
(3) White & Caveney. 1980. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National Royena glabra L. (2)
de Belgique 50: 393–397. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2.5 m. Alt 500–2700 m. NC,
(4) White. 1983. FZ 7,1: 251–288.
(5) White. 1988. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique
WC
58: 325–448. glandulifera De Winter
(6) White & Verdcourt. 1996. FTEA Ebenaceae: 2–43. Royena glandulosa Harv. ex Hiern (2)
(7) Coates Palgrave 2002. Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of southern Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 120–1130 m. KZN
Africa, edn 3: 895–912. holtzii Gürke = D. mespiliformis
acocksii (De Winter) De Winter inhacaensis F.White
Royena acocksii De Winter (2) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–12 m. Alt 10–120 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–5 m. Alt 60–1880 m. N, NC KZN
austro-africana De Winter var. austro-africana loureiriana G.Don subsp. loureiriana
Royena hirsuta L. (2)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–6 m. Alt 0–300 m. M
lycioides Desf. subsp. guerkei (Kuntze) De Winter
austro-africana De Winter var. microphylla (Burch.) Royena guerkei Kuntze (2)
De Winter Royena lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. guerkei (Kuntze) De Winter (2)
Royena microphylla Burch. (2) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 12–2140 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.02–3 m. Alt 490–2425 m. NW, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC lycioides Desf. subsp. lycioides
austro-africana De Winter var. rubriflora (De Winter) Royena lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. (2)
De Winter Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–7 m. Alt 30–2700 m. N, B,
Royena hirsuta L. var. rubriflora De Winter (2) LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–3 m. Alt 360–2440 m. FS, lycioides Desf. subsp. nitens (Harv. ex Hiern) De Winter
KZN, L, EC Royena lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. nitens (Harv. ex Hiern) De
Winter (2)
austro-africana De Winter var. rugosa (E.Mey. ex Royena nitens Harv. ex Hiern (2)
A.DC.) De Winter Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 90–1530 m. LIM,
Royena rugosa E.Mey. ex A.DC. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–3 m. Alt 60–1370 m. WC M, KZN
lycioides Desf. subsp. sericea (Bernh.) De Winter
batocana Hiern Royena lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. sericea (Bernh.) De Winter (2)
D. odorata Hiern ex Greves (4) Royena sericea Bernh. (2)
D. odorata Hiern ex Greves var. rhodesiana Rendle (4)
D. xanthocarpa Gürke (4) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 30–1970 m. N,
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–12 m. Alt 900–1525 m. N, B B, LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
mespiliformis Hochst. ex A.DC.
bicolor Klotzsch = D. mespiliformis D. bicolor Klotzsch (2)
chamaethamnus Dinter ex Mildbr. D. holtzii Gürke (6)
D. sabiensis Hiern (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 300–1000 D. senegalensis Perr. ex DC. (6)
m. N, B Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–25 m. Alt 210–1300 m. N, B,
dawei (Hutch.) Brenan = D. natalensis LIM, M, S
dichrophylla (Gand.) De Winter natalensis (Harv.) Brenan
Royena dichrophylla Gand. (2) D. dawei (Hutch.) Brenan (2)
D. nyasae Brenan (5)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–13 m. Alt 10–1500 m. Maba dawei Hutch. (5)
LIM, S, KZN, WC, EC Maba natalensis Harv. (5)
galpinii (Hiern) De Winter Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–25 m. Alt 5–300 m.
Royena galpinii Hiern (2) KZN, EC
DICOTYLEDONS DROSERACEAE Drosera

natalensis (Harv.) Brenan subsp. nummularia (Brenan) (2) White & Caveney. 1980. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National
F.White, illegitimate name = D. nummularia de Belgique 50: 397–399.
(3) White. 1983. FZ 7,1: 288–300.
nummularia Brenan (4) Retief. 1986. Bothalia 16: 228, 229.
D. natalensis (Harv.) Brenan subsp. nummularia (Brenan) F.White, (5) White & Verdcourt. 1996. FTEA Ebenaceae: 43–49.
illegitimate name (7) (6) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 300–1600 m. tropicale 4: 24, 25.
M, S (7) Coates Palgrave 2002. Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of southern
Africa, edn 3: 885–894.
nyasae Brenan = D. natalensis
acutifolia E.Mey. ex A.DC.
odorata Hiern ex Greves = D. batocana
odorata Hiern ex Greves var. rhodesiana Rendle = D. WC
batocana
angustifolia Benth. = E. pseudebenus
pallens (Thunb.) F.White
Royena pallens Thunb. (2) asperrima Friedr.-Holzh.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 15–1120 m. WC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt? N
EC bakerana Brenan = E. crispa subsp. crispa
pseudebenus (E.Mey. ex A.DC.) Parm. = Euclea pseu- baumii Gürke = E. crispa subsp. crispa
debenus
bilocularis Hiern = E. schimperi var. schimperi
ramulosa (E.Mey. ex A.DC.) De Winter
Royena ramulosa E.Mey. ex A.DC. (2) coriacea A.DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 90–1065 m. N, NC, Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 1000–2440 m.
WC, EC FS, KZN, L, EC
rotundifolia Hiern crispa (Thunb.) Gürke subsp. crispa
E. bakerana Brenan (6)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–9 m. Alt 15–35 m. KZN E. baumii Gürke (6)
sabiensis Hiern = D. mespiliformis E. dekindtii Gürke (6)
scabrida (Harv. ex Hiern) De Winter var. cordata E. lanceolata E.Mey. ex A.DC. (1)
Gymnosporia ferruginea Baker (6)
(E.Mey. ex A.DC.) De Winter
Royena cordata E.Mey. ex A.DC. (2) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 45–2200 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 150–1675 m. EC LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
scabrida (Harv. ex Hiern) De Winter var. scabrida crispa (Thunb.) Gürke subsp. ovata (Burch.) F.White
Royena scabrida Harv. ex Hiern (2) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 570–1670 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 30–300 m. KZN, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
EC daphnoides Hiern
senegalensis Perr. ex DC. = D. mespiliformis E. schimperi (A.DC.) Dandy var. daphnoides (Hiern) De Winter (7)
simii (Kuntze) De Winter Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2.5–8 m. Alt 60–1220 m.
Royena simii Kuntze (2) LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 15–1465 dekindtii Gürke = E. crispa subsp. crispa
m. KZN, EC dewinteri Retief
villosa (L.) De Winter var. parvifolia (De Winter) De Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt? M
Winter divinorum Hiern
Royena villosa L. var. parvifolia De Winter (2)
E. huilensis Gürke (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 300–1400 m. LIM, E. katangensis De Wild. (1)
M, KZN E. kivuensis Gürke (5)
villosa (L.) De Winter var. villosa Embelia oleifolia S.Moore (1)
Royena villosa L. (2) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–6 m. Alt 30–1840 m. N,
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 1–14 m. Alt 15–765 B, LIM, M, S, KZN
m. KZN, EC eylesii Hiern = E. linearis
virgata (Gürke) Brenan fructuosa Hiern = E. natalensis subsp. obovata
Maba fragrans Hiern ex Greves (4)
Maba virgata Gürke (2) huilensis Gürke = E. divinorum
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt? N katangensis De Wild. = E. divinorum
whyteana (Hiern) F.White kellau Hochst. = E. schimperi
Royena lucida L. (2)
Royena lucida L. var. whyteana (Hiern) De Winter & Brenan (4) kivuensis Gürke = E. divinorum
Royena whyteana Hiern (2) lancea Thunb.
Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 0.5–6 m. Alt 15–2225 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 500–1370 m. NC, WC
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
lanceolata E.Mey. ex A.DC. = E. crispa subsp. crispa
xanthocarpa Gürke = D. batocana
linearis Zeyh. ex Hiern
EMBELIA Burm.f. 6310000 E. eylesii Hiern (2)
oleifolia S.Moore = Euclea divinorum LIM, M, NC, WC
EUCLEA Murray 6404000 macrophylla E.Mey. ex A.DC. = E. racemosa subsp.
(1) De Winter. 1963. FSA 26: 80–99. macrophylla
EBENACEAE Diospyros DICOTYLEDONS

multiflora Hiern = E. natalensis subsp. natalensis E. myrtina Burch. (3)

E. undulata Thunb. var. myrtina (Burch.) Hiern (3)
myrtina Burch. = E. undulata Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–7 m. Alt 6–1300 m.
natalensis A.DC. subsp. angustifolia F.White N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC,
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 300–900 m. B, EC
LIM, NW, M undulata Thunb. var. myrtina (Burch.) Hiern = E. undulata
natalensis A.DC. subsp. capensis F.White urijiensis Hiern = E. schimperi
E. tomentosa E.Mey. ex A.DC. × E. natalensis A.DC. (2)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–4 m. Alt? NC, WC
KELLAUA A.DC. 6404010
natalensis A.DC. subsp. magutensis F.White
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 300–700 m. schimperi A.DC. = Euclea schimperii
KZN
MABA J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. 6405000
natalensis A.DC. subsp. natalensis
E. multiflora Hiern (3) dawei Hutch. = Diospyros natalensis
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 15–300 m. M, fragrans Hiern ex Greves = Diospyros virgata
S, KZN, EC natalensis Harv. = Diospyros natalensis
natalensis A.DC. subsp. obovata F.White virgata Gürke = Diospyros virgata
E. fructuosa Hiern (3)
KZN, EC
ROYENA L. 6403000
acocksii De Winter = Diospyros acocksii
natalensis A.DC. subsp. rotundifolia F.White
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–6 m. Alt 0–100 m. KZN cordata E.Mey. ex A.DC. = Diospyros scabrida var.
cordata
polyandra (L.f.) E.Mey. ex Hiern
Royena polyandra L.f. (1) dichrophylla Gand. = Diospyros dichrophylla
Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 2– galpinii Hiern = Diospyros galpinii
2440 m. WC, EC
glabra L. = Diospyros glabra
pseudebenus E.Mey. ex A.DC.
Diospyros pseudebenus (E.Mey. ex A.DC.) Parm. (1) glandulosa Harv. ex Hiern = Diospyros glandulifera
E. angustifolia Benth. (1) guerkei Kuntze = Diospyros lycioides subsp. guerkei
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–9 m. Alt 6–1300 m. N, hirsuta L. = Diospyros austro-africana var. austro-
NC africana
racemosa Murray subsp. bernardii F.White hirsuta L. var. rubriflora De Winter = Diospyros aus-
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 0–100 m. tro-africana var. rubriflora
WC
lucida L. = Diospyros whyteana
racemosa Murray subsp. macrophylla (E.Mey. ex A.DC.)
F.White lucida L. var. whyteana (Hiern) De Winter & Brenan =
E. macrophylla E.Mey. ex A.DC. (3) Diospyros whyteana
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 0–100 m. lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. = Diospyros lycioides subsp. lycioides
KZN, WC, EC lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. guerkei (Kuntze) De Winter
racemosa Murray subsp. racemosa = Diospyros lycioides subsp. guerkei
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 0.3–5 m. Alt 5–650 m. lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. nitens (Harv. ex Hiern)
NC, WC De Winter = Diospyros lycioides subsp. nitens
racemosa Murray subsp. schimperi (A.DC.) F.White = lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. sericea (Bernh.) De Winter
E. schimperi = Diospyros lycioides subsp. sericea
racemosa Murray subsp. sinuata F.White microphylla Burch. = Diospyros austro-africana var.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 0–300 m. KZN microphylla
schimperi (A.DC.) Dandy nitens Harv. ex Hiern = Diospyros lycioides subsp. nitens
E. bilocularis Hiern (1)
E. kellau Hochst. (1) pallens Thunb. = Diospyros pallens
E. racemosa Murray subsp. schimperi (A.DC.) F.White (7)
E. urijiensis Hiern (1) polyandra L.f. = Euclea polyandra
Kellaua schimperi A.DC. (1) ramulosa E.Mey. ex A.DC. = Diospyros ramulosa
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 2–300 m. N, rugosa E.Mey. ex A.DC. = Diospyros austro-africana
LIM var. rugosa
schimperi (A.DC.) Dandy var. daphnoides (Hiern) De scabrida Harv. ex Hiern = Diospyros scabrida var. scabrida
Winter = E. daphnoides
sericea Bernh. = Diospyros lycioides subsp. sericea
tomentosa E.Mey. ex A.DC.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 90–820 m. NC, simii Kuntze = Diospyros simii
WC villosa L. = Diospyros villosa var. villosa
tomentosa E.Mey. ex A.DC. × E. natalensis A.DC. = E. villosa L. var. parvifolia De Winter = Diospyros villosa
natalensis subsp. capensis var. parvifolia
undulata Thunb. whyteana Hiern = Diospyros whyteana
DICOTYLEDONS EBENACEAE Diospyros

ELATINACEAE
BERGIA L. 5230000 Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 1421 m. N,

(1) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 373–377. B, NW, FS, NC
(2) Obermeyer. 1976. FSA 22: 24–30. polyantha Sond.
(3) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique B. integrifolia Dinter ex Friedr.-Holzh. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.2 m. Alt? N, B, NC
alsinoides Friedr.-Holzh. = B. anagalloides prostrata Schinz = B. pentheriana
ammannioides B.Heyne ex Roth salaria Bremek.
Annual. Herb, aquatic. Ht 0.1–0.12 m. Alt? N, B Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht. 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 550–896
anagalloides E.Mey. ex Fenzl m. B, LIM
B. alsinoides Friedr.-Holzh. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.2 m. Alt 516–1733 m. N, salaria Bremek. × B. decumbens Planch. ex Harv.
NW, FS, NC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 0.22 m. Alt ±
34 m. B, LIM, S
capensis L.
Annual. Herb, aquatic. Ht 0.25–0.35 m. Alt up to 610 spathulata Schinz
m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, S Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt? N
decumbens Planch. ex Harv. ELATINE L. 5231000
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 700–1705 (1) Wild. 1961. FZ 1: 377, 378.
m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S (2) Obermeyer. 1976. FSA 22: 30–32.
(3) Cook. 1996. Aquatic & wetland plants of India: 186, 187.
glomerata L.f. (4) Glen & Cook. Personal communication.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 15–640 m. NC,
WC, EC ambigua Wight
Annual. Herb, aquatic. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 30–1405 m.
glutinosa Dinter & Schulze-Menz N, B, LIM, NW, G, KZN
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt? N
triandra Schkuhr
integrifolia Dinter ex Friedr.-Holzh. = B. polyantha Annual. Herb, aquatic. Ht up to 0.18 m. Alt? G, KZN
pentheriana Keissl. Note: although included in southern African floras, it mostly occurs
B. prostrata Schinz (2) in warmer areas of the northern hemisphere. (4)
ERICACEAE
Compiled by E.G.H. Oliver & I.M. Oliver
ACROSTEMON Klotzsch 6243030 ANISERICA N.E.Br. 6245010

gracilis (Bartl.) N.E.Br. = Erica benthamiana
barkerae Compton = Erica eriocephala
macrocalyx Salter = Erica benthamiana
cereris (Compton) E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica cereris
concinnus N.E.Br. = Erica russakiana ANOMALANTHUS Klotzsch 6244020
equisetoides Klotzsch = Erica eriocephala anguliger N.E.Br. = Erica anguliger
eriocephalus (Klotzsch) N.E.Br. = Erica pilosiflora collinus N.E.Br. = Erica anguliger
subsp. pilosiflora curviflorus N.E.Br. = Erica anguliger
fourcadei L.Guthrie = Erica angulosa discolor Klotzsch = Erica anguliger
glandulosus Rach = Erica eriocephala galpinii N.E.Br. = Erica anguliger
hirsutus (Thunb.) Klotzsch = Erica eriocephala leslei Compton = Erica anguliger
marlothii N.E.Br. = Erica anguliger
incanus Klotzsch = Erica eriocephala
parviflorus (Klotzsch) N.E.Br. = Erica anguliger
incurvus (Klotzsch) Benth. = Erica eriocephala
puberulus (Klotzsch) N.E.Br. = Erica anguliger
schlechteri N.E.Br. = Erica radicans subsp. schlechteri
salteri Compton = Erica anguliger
stokoei L.Guthrie = Erica eriocephala scoparius Klotzsch = Erica anguliger
thunbergii (G.Don) Alm & T.C.E.Fr. = Erica erio- turbinatus N.E.Br. = Erica anguliger
cephala
viscidus N.E.Br. = Erica arachnocalyx ARACHNOCALYX Compton 6243035
xeranthemifolius (Salisb.) E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica xeran- cereris Compton = Erica cereris
themifolia viscidus (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica arachnocalyx
ELATINACEAE Bergia DICOTYLEDONS

BLAERIA L. 6242000 EREMIA D.Don 6243000

affinis N.E.Br. = Erica ericoides brevifolia Benth. = Erica velatiflora
albida Thunb. = Erica muscosa calycina Compton = Erica bokkeveldia
articulata L., name rejected = Erica similis curvistyla (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica curvistyla
barbigera (Salisb.) G.Don (insufficiently known) florifera Compton = Erica florifera
bracteata J.C.Wendl. = Erica labialis lanata (Klotzsch) Benth. = Erica xeranthemifolia
campanulata Benth. = Erica equisetifolia peltata Compton = Erica cetrata
coccinea Klotzsch = Erica longimontana totta (Thunb.) D.Don = Erica totta
dumosa J.C.Wendl. var. breviflora N.E.Br. = Erica equi- virgata Compton = Erica bokkeveldia
setifolia
dumosa J.C.Wendl. var. dumosa = Erica equisetifolia EREMIELLA Compton 6243050
equisetifolia (Salisb.) G.Don = Erica equisetifolia outeniquae Compton = Erica outeniquae
ericoides L. = Erica ericoides
EREMIOPSIS N.E.Br. 6243070
fastigiata Benth. = Erica longimontana
flava Bolus = Erica equisetifolia curvistyla N.E.Br. = Erica curvistyla
flexuosa Benth. = Erica multiflexuosa ERICA L. 6237000
fuscescens Klotzsch = Erica fuscescens (1) Guthrie & Bolus. 1906. FC 4: 2–315.
(2) Esterhuysen. 1963. Journal of South African Botany 29: 51–58.
gracilis Bartl. = Erica benthamiana (3) Dulfer. 1963. Annalen des Natürhistorischen Museums Wien 66: 19–33.
grandis N.E.Br. = Erica sagittata (4) Dulfer. 1965. Annalen des Natürhistorischen Museums Wien 68: 25–177.
(5) Baker. 1966. Journal of South African Botany 32: 238.
klotzschii Alm & T.C.E.Fr. = Erica klotzschii (6) Killick. 1966. Bothalia 9: 126–128.
kraussiana Klotzsch ex Walp. = Erica russakiana (7) Baker. 1967. Journal of South African Botany 33: 177–181.
(8) Oliver. 1967. Journal of South African Botany 33: 197–204.
muscosa Aiton = Erica muscosa (9) Ross. 1967. Journal of the Linnean Society, Botany 60: 61–73.
oppositifolia L.Guthrie = Erica equisetifolia (10) Baker. 1968. Journal of South African Botany 34: 77–90.
(11) Baker. 1969. Journal of South African Botany 35: 25–33.
paucifolia J.C.Wendl. = Erica paucifolia subsp. pauci- (12) Baker. 1970. Journal of South African Botany 36: 267–269.
folia (13) Baker. 1971. Journal of South African Botany 37: 169–175.
(14) Baker. 1972. Journal of South African Botany 38: 121–124.
purpurea L.f. = Erica equisetifolia (15) Baker. 1973. Journal of South African Botany 39: 205–211.
purpurea P.J.Bergius = Erica glabella subsp. glabella (16) Oliver. 1973. Bothalia 11: 115, 116.
(17) Oliver. 1973. The Flowering Plants of Africa 42: t. 1680.
pusilla J.C.Wendl. = Erica muscosa (18) Baker. 1975. Journal of South African Botany 41: 125–130.
pusilla Klotzsch = Erica klotzschii (19) Oliver. 1976. Bothalia 12: 57–59.
(20) Oliver. 1977. Bothalia 12: 195–197.
revoluta Bartl. = Erica barbigeroides (21) Oliver. 1981. Bothalia 13: 446–448.
(22) Ross. 1983. FZ 7: 157–181.
sagittata (Klotzsch ex Benth.) Alm & T.C.E.Fr. = Erica (23) Oliver. 1984. South African Journal of Botany 3: 268–270.
sagittata (24) Davidson. 1985. South African Journal of Botany 51: 71–73.
serrata (Thunb.) Thunb. = Erica serrata (25) Hilliard & Burtt. 1985. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
BLEPHAROPHYLLUM Klotzsch 6248060 (26) Oliver. 1986. Bothalia 16: 35–38.
(27) Oliver. 1987. South African Journal of Botany 53: 455–458.
(28) Davidson. 1989. South African Journal of Botany 55: 273.
divaricatum Klotzsch = Erica rigidula (29) Oliver. 1990. Bothalia 20: 41–48.
(30) Oliver & Oliver. 1991. Bothalia 21: 137–142.
COCCOSPERMA Klotzsch 6248010 (31) Oliver. 1993. Bothalia 23: 1–7.
(32) Oliver. 1993. Bothalia 23: 9–14.
areolatum N.E.Br. = Erica areolata (33) Oliver & Oliver. 1994. Bothalia 24: 25–30.
forbesianum Klotzsch, superfluous name = Erica sub- (34) Oliver. 1994. Bothalia 24: 121–126.
capitata (35) Oliver & Oliver. 1995. Bothalia 25: 121–126.
(36) Oliver. 1995. Bothalia 25: 242–244.
hexandrum (Klotzsch) Druce = Erica subcapitata (37) Oliver & Oliver. 1995. Feddes Repertorium 106: 347–352.
(38) Hilton–Taylor. 1996. Bothalia 26: 178.
rugosum Klotzsch = Erica rugata (39) Oliver & Oliver. 1996. Feddes Repertorium 107: 305–310.
subcapitatum N.E.Br. = Erica subcapitata (40) Oliver & Oliver. 1996. Yearbook of the Heather Society 1996: 1–5.
COILOSTIGMA Klotzsch 6246000 (42) Oliver & Oliver. 1997. Yearbook of the Heather Society 1997: 13–18.
(43) Oliver & Oliver. 1998. Novon 8: 267–274.
dregeanum Klotzsch = Erica zeyheriana (44) Oliver & Oliver. 1998. Novon 8: 430–432.
(45) Oliver & Oliver. 1998. Yearbook of the Heather Society 1998: 32–38.
glabrum Benth. = Erica burchelliana (46) Oliver & Oliver. 1999. Bothalia 29: 112–117.
tenuifolium Klotzsch = Erica zeyheriana (47) Oliver & Oliver. 1999. Bothalia 29: 95–117.
zeyherianum Klotzsch var. tenuifolium (Klotzsch) (48) Oliver & Oliver. 1999. Yearbook of the Heather Society 1999: 36–42.
E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica zeyheriana (50) Oliver & Oliver. 2000. Bothalia 30: 147–153.
zeyherianum Klotzsch var. zeyherianum = Erica zeyhe- (51) Oliver. 2000. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium 19: 1–483.
riana (52) Oliver & Oliver. 2000. Yearbook of the Heather Society 2000: 57–68.
DICOTYLEDONS ERICACEAE Blaeria

(53) Oliver & Oliver. 2001. Yearbook of the Heather Society 2001: 9–14. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
(55) Oliver & Oliver. 2001. Bothalia 31: 1–8. aemula Guthrie & Bolus var. pubescens Guthrie & Bolus
(56) Oliver & Oliver. 2001. Bothalia 31: 155–165. = E. distorta
aestiva Markötter var. aestiva
(59) Oliver & Oliver. 2002. Bothalia 32: 167–180. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.61 m. FS, KZN, L
(60) Oliver & Oliver. Personal communication. aestiva Markötter var. minor Dulfer (3)
Note 1: many of the varieties created and listed by Guthrie & Bolus and Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? KZN
by Dulfer are not recognised by us in NBG but are retained here
until their placement in synonymy, or elevation to specific or sub- affinis Benth.
specific rank in some cases, has been formally published. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC, EC
Note 2: altitudinal ranges for all species have been excluded because of
the excessive time it would take us to check thousands of specimens
agglutinans E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Syndesmanthus schlechteri N.E.Br., not E. schlechteri Bolus
in NBG and BOL manually in order to give any meaningful figures.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC
abbottii E.G.H.Oliv. (30)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. KZN, EC aghillana Guthrie & Bolus var. aghillana
abelii E.G.H.Oliv. (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. EC aghillana Guthrie & Bolus var. latifolia Guthrie & Bolus
abietina in sense of Benth., not of L. = E. patersonii
albens in sense of Thunb., not of L. = E. muscosa
abietina L. subsp. abietina
E. abietina L. var. abietina (58) albens L. var. albens
E. coccinea P.J.Bergius (58) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC albens L. var. longiflora Benth.
abietina L. subsp. atrorosea E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
E. hesseana Klotzsch (58)
E. phylicifolia Salisb. (58)
albertyniae E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
E. purpurea Andrews (58) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC albescens Klotzsch ex Benth. var. albescens
abietina L. subsp. aurantiaca E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
E. exsurgens Andrews (58) albescens Klotzsch ex Benth. var. erecta Bolus
E. grandiflora L.f. var. exsurgens (Andrews) E.G.H.Oliv. (58)
E. grandiflora L.f. var. grandiflora (58)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC albida (Thunb.) Thunb. = E. muscosa
abietina L. subsp. constantiana E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. albospicata Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (25)
E. conica Lodd. (58) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. KZN, L
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC alexandri Guthrie & Bolus subsp. alexandri (33)
abietina L. subsp. diabolis E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC
E. coccinea P.J.Bergius var. echiiflora in sense of Bolus and others,
not of (Andrews) Benth. (58) alexandri Guthrie & Bolus subsp. acockii (Compton)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC E.G.H.Oliv.
E. acockii Compton (33)
abietina L. subsp. perfoliosa E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
alfredii Guthrie & Bolus
abietina L. subsp. petraea E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
algida Bolus
abietina L. var. abietina = E. abietina subsp. abietina Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
accommodata Klotzsch ex Benth. var. accommodata alnea E.G.H.Oliv. (35)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
accommodata Klotzsch ex Benth. var. ebracteata Bolus
alopecurus Harv. var. alopecurus
= E. lasciva
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS,
accommodata Klotzsch ex Benth. var. subviscidula KZN, L, EC
Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC alopecurus Harv. var. glabriflora Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? G, EC
acockii Compton = E. alexandri subsp. acockii
altevivens H.A.Baker (13)
acuta Andrews var. acuta Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC
alticola Guthrie & Bolus
acuta Andrews var. breviflora Dulfer Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1.31 m. M
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
altiphila E.G.H.Oliv.
adaequata Tausch = hort. hybrid (60) Philippia alticola E.G.H.Oliv. (27)
adnata L.Bolus Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC amalophylla E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv (59)
adunca Benth. = E. triceps Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.12 m. WC
aemula Guthrie & Bolus amatolensis E.G.H.Oliv.
ERICACEAE Erica DICOTYLEDONS

Ericinella multiflora Klotzsch (34) argyrea Guthrie & Bolus

Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC
amicorum E.G.H.Oliv. (29) aristata Andrews var. aristata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
amoena J.C.Wendl. aristata Andrews var. minor (L.Bolus) Dulfer
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC E. coruscans L.Bolus var. minor L.Bolus (4)
amphigena Guthrie & Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC aristata Andrews var. turrisbabylonica H.A.Baker (12)
ampullacea Curtis var. ampullacea Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC aristifolia Benth.
E. sonora Compton (60)
ampullacea Curtis var. obbata (Andrews) Bolus
armata Klotzsch ex Benth. var. armata
andreaei Compton E. umbrosa H.A.Baker (2)
aneimena Dulfer armata Klotzsch ex Benth. var. breviaristata Bolus
E. hirsuta Klotzsch ex Benth. (4)
artemisioides (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv.
anemodes E.G.H.Oliv. (55) Salaxis artemisioides Klotzsch (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC Salaxis micrantha Benth. (51)
anguliger (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. Salaxis octandra Klotzsch var. artemisioides (Klotzsch) N.E.Br. (51)
Anomalanthus anguliger N.E.Br. (51) Scyphogyne micrantha (Benth.) N.E.Br. (51)
Anomalanthus collinus N.E.Br., not E. collina Guthrie & Bolus (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1(–2) m. WC
Anomalanthus curviflorus N.E.Br., not E. curviflora L. (51) articularis L. var. articularis
Anomalanthus discolor Klotzsch, not E. discolor Andrews (51)
Anomalanthus galpinii N.E.Br., not E. galpinii Salter (51) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1.1 m. WC
Anomalanthus leslei Compton (51) articularis L. var. implexa Bolus
Anomalanthus marlothii N.E.Br., not E. marlothii Bolus (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
Anomalanthus parviflorus (Klotzsch) N.E.Br., not E. parviflora L. (51)
Anomalanthus puberulus (Klotzsch) N.E.Br., not E. puberula Bartl. (51) articularis L. var. meyeriana Bolus
Anomalanthus salteri Compton (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
Anomalanthus scoparius Klotzsch, not E. scoparia L. (51)
Anomalanthus turbinatus N.E.Br., not E. turbinata Andrews (51) aspalathifolia Bolus var. aspalathifolia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. KZN, EC
angulosa E.G.H.Oliv. aspalathifolia Bolus var. bachmannii Bolus
Acrostemon fourcadei L.Guthrie, not E. fourcadei L.Bolus (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? EC
Simocheilus fourcadei (L.Guthrie) E.G.H.Oliv. (23)
aspalathoides Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC
annalis E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. (59) astroites Guthrie & Bolus var. astroites
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.7 m. WC
annectens Guthrie & Bolus astroites Guthrie & Bolus var. minor Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
anomala Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (25) atherstonei Diels ex Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. M
arachnocalyx E.G.H.Oliv. atricha Dulfer
Acrostemon viscidus N.E.Br., not E. viscida Andrews (51)
E. carinata Klotzsch ex Benth. (4)
Arachnocalyx viscidus (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
atromontana E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
arachnoidea Klotzsch = E. cordata var. arachnoidea Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
arcuata Compton atropurpurea Dulfer (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.75 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
ardens Andrews atrovinosa E.G.H.Oliv. (8)
arenaria L.Bolus auriculata Guthrie & Bolus = E. greyi
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC austroverna Hilliard = E. revoluta
areolata (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. autumnalis L.Bolus
Coccosperma areolatum N.E.Br. (51)
axillaris Thunb.
argentea Klotzsch ex Benth. var. argentea E. calyciflora Tausch (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Salaxis axillaris (Thunb.) G.Don (51)
Salaxis flexuosa Klotzsch (51)
argentea Klotzsch ex Benth. var. rigida Bolus Salaxis flexuosa Klotzsch var. cognata N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC Salaxis hexandra Klotzsch in part (51)
DICOTYLEDONS ERICACEAE Erica

Salaxis major N.E.Br. (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. WC

Salaxis octandra Klotzsch (51)
Salaxis puberula Klotzsch (51) binaria E.G.H.Oliv.
Salaxis sieberi Benth. (51) E. natalitia Bolus var. brevipedicellata Dulfer (51)
axilliflora Bartl. blaerioides E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. blaerioides
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.75 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
azaleifolia Salisb. blaerioides E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. hirsuta E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
baccans L. blancheana L.Bolus = E. hispidula var. hispidula
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC blandfordia Andrews
bakeri Salter Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC blenna Salisb. var. blenna
banksia Andrews var. banksia = E. banksii subsp. banksii Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
banksia Andrews var. purpurea Andrews = E. banksii blenna Salisb. var. grandiflora Bolus
subsp. purpurea Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
blesbergensis H.A.Baker = E. inamoena
banksii [as ‘banksia’] Andrews subsp. banksii
E. banksia Andrews var. banksia (58) bodkinii Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.9 m. WC
banksii [as ‘banksia’] Andrews subsp. comptonii (Salter) bokkeveldia E.G.H.Oliv.
E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. Eremia calycina Compton, not E. calycina L. (51)
E. comptonii Salter (58) Eremia virgata Compton, not E. virgata Thunb. (51)
banksii [as ‘banksia’] Andrews subsp. purpurea Andrews bolusanthus E.G.H.Oliv.
E. banksia Andrews var. purpurea Andrews (58) Thoracosperma nanum N.E.Br., not E. nana Salisb. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC, EC
barbata Andrews var. major Andrews = E. pannosa bolusiae Salter var. bolusiae
barbigeroides E.G.H.Oliv.
Blaeria revoluta Bartl. (31) bolusiae Salter var. cyathiformis H.A.Baker
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
barrydalensis L.Bolus bondiae Compton = E. glandulosa var. bondiae
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC borboniifolia Salisb.
baueri [as ‘bauera’] Andrews subsp. baueri Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
E. bowieana Lodd. (58) botryoides Dulfer (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
baueri [as ‘bauera’] Andrews subsp. gouriquae E.G.H.Oliv. boucheri E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
& I.M.Oliv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC bowieana Lodd. = E. baueri
baurii Bolus brachialis Salisb.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC
beatricis Compton brachycentra Benth.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
benthamiana E.G.H.Oliv. brachysepala Guthrie & Bolus
Aniserica gracilis (Bartl.) N.E.Br. (51)
Aniserica macrocalyx Salter (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC
Blaeria gracilis Bartl., not E. gracilis J.C.Wendl. (51) bracteolaris Lam.
Sympieza gracilis (Bartl.) E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3(–0.6) m. WC
bredasiana E.G.H.Oliv.
bergiana L. var. bergiana Salaxis pumila N.E.Br., not E. pumila Andrews (51)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–1.52 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
bergiana L. var. glabra J.C.Wendl. brevicaulis Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC
bergiana L. var. parviflora (Klotzsch) Dulfer breviflora Dulfer = E. plukenetii subsp. breviflora
brevifolia Sol. ex Salisb.
berzelioides Guthrie & Bolus E. chlamydiflora Salisb. (60)
bibax Salisb. broadleyana Andrews = hort. hybrid (58)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC brownii E.G.H.Oliv.
bicolor Thunb. Syndesmanthus breviflorus N.E.Br., not E. breviflora Dulfer (51)
E. copiosa J.C.Wendl. var. longicauda Bolus (2) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC

brownleeae Bolus calyculata J.C.Wendl. var. calyculata = E. penicilli-

Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2 m. EC formis var. penicilliformis
bruniades L. calyculata J.C.Wendl. var. chrysantha (Klotzsch ex Benth.)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC Bolus = E. penicilliformis var. chrysantha
bruniifolia Salisb. var. barbigera (Klotzsch ex Benth.) Dulfer cameronii L.Bolus
E. incurva J.C.Wendl. var. barbigera Bolus (30) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. WC
campanularis Salisb.
bruniifolia Salisb. var. bruniifolia E. campanulata Andrews (4)
E. incurva J.C.Wendl. var. incurva (30) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC campanulata Andrews = E. campanularis
bruniifolia Salisb. var. solandroides (Andrews) Dulfer
E. incurva J.C.Wendl. var. solandroides (Andrews) Bolus (30) canaliculata Andrews
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC, EC
bruniifolia Salisb. var. stellata (Lodd.) Dulfer canescens J.C.Wendl. var. canescens
E. pusilla Salisb. (4)
E. incurva J.C.Wendl. var. stellata Bolus (30)
bruniifolia Salisb. var. subglabra Dulfer canescens J.C.Wendl. var. micranthera (Bolus) Dulfer
E. incurva J.C.Wendl. var. subglabra Bolus (30) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC capensis Salter
E. turbiniflora Salisb. var. aristata Bolus (60)
burchelliana E.G.H.Oliv. E. turbiniflora Salisb. var. turbiniflora (60)
Coilostigma glabrum Benth., not E. glabra Gilib. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
cabernetea E.G.H.Oliv. (43) capillaris Bartl. var. capillaris
caespitosa Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (25) capillaris Bartl. var. compacta Bolus = E. chonantha
Philippia tristis Bolus (27) var. chonantha
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. KZN, L, EC capillaris Bartl. var. poliotes Bolus
caffra L. var. auricularis (Salisb.) Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht? WC capitata L.
caffra L. var. caffra Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht up to 4 m. KZN, L, WC, EC capitella Thunb. ex Rach = E. labialis
caffrorum Bolus var. aristulata Bolus caprina E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? KZN Grisebachia minutiflora N.E.Br. subsp. minutiflora, not E. minuti-
flora Andrews (51)
caffrorum Bolus var. caffrorum Grisebachia minutiflora N.E.Br. subsp. nodiflora (N.E.Br.)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. M, FS, KZN, L, EC E.G.H.Oliv., not E. nodiflora Salisb. (51)
caffrorum Bolus var. glomerata Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? EC carduifolia Salisb.
E. draconis L.Bolus (2)
caffrorum Bolus var. luxurians Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
calcareophila E.G.H.Oliv. (8) carinata Klotzsch ex Benth. = E. atricha
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC casta Guthrie & Bolus var. breviflora Guthrie & Bolus
calcicola (E.G.H.Oliv.) E.G.H.Oliv. = E. regia subsp. regia
Scyphogyne calcicola E.G.H.Oliv. (51) casta Guthrie & Bolus var. casta = E. regia subsp. regia
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.3 m. WC
caterviflora Salisb. var. caterviflora
caledonica A.Spreng. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 4.5 m. WC
caterviflora Salisb. var. glabrata Benth.
calyciflora Tausch = E. axillaris
calycina L. var. calycina
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–2 m. WC cavartica E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. (59)
calycina L. var. fragrans (Andrews) Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC cederbergensis Compton
calycina L. var. longibracteata Esterh. & T.M.Salter
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC cedromontana E.G.H.Oliv. (43)
calycina L. var. periplociflora (Salisb.) Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC ceraria E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. ms
E. foliacea in sense of Guthrie & Bolus, not of Andrews (60)
calycina L. var. vespertina (L.f.) Dulfer Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC cereris (Compton) E.G.H.Oliv.
calycina L. var. viscidiflora (Esterh.) Dulfer = E. vis- Acrostemon cereris (Compton) E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
cidiflora Arachnocalyx cereris Compton (51)

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC coccinea L. var. coccinea = E. coccinea subsp. coccinea
cerinthoides L. var. barbertona (Galpin) Bolus coccinea L. var. inflata H.A.Baker = E. melastoma subsp.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. M, S, KZN melastoma
cerinthoides L. var. cerinthoides coccinea L. var. intermedia (Klotzsch ex Benth.) Dulfer
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5(–2) m. LIM, G, M, S, = E. intermedia subsp. intermedia
FS, KZN, L, WC, EC coccinea L. var. melastoma (Andrews) H.A.Baker = E.
cernua Montin melastoma subsp. melastoma
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. WC coccinea L. var. pubescens (Bolus) Dulfer = E. coccinea
cerviciflora Salisb. = hort. hybrid (58) subsp. coccinea
cetrata E.G.H.Oliv. coccinea L. var. willdenovii (Bolus) H.A.Baker = E. mela-
Eremia peltata Compton, not E. peltata Andrews (51) stoma subsp. melastoma
coccinea P.J.Bergius = E. abietina var. abietina
chamissonis Klotzsch ex Benth. var. chamissonis
coccinea P.J.Bergius var. echiiflora (Andrews) Benth. =
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. EC
E. viscaria subsp. gallorum
chamissonis Klotzsch ex Benth. var. hirtifolia Dulfer
coccinea P.J.Bergius var. echiiflora in sense of Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht? EC
and others, not of (Andrews) Benth. = E. abietina
chamissonis Klotzsch ex Benth. var. polyantha (Klotzsch subsp. diabolis
ex Benth.) Dulfer
collina Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? EC
chartacea Guthrie & Bolus
colorans Andrews var. breviflora H.A.Baker = E. plena
colorans Andrews var. colorans
chionodes E.G.H.Oliv. (56)
colorans Andrews var. hispidula H.A.Baker (11)
chionophila Guthrie & Bolus
columnaris E.G.H.Oliv. (49)
chiroptera E.G.H.Oliv. (32)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5(–1)m. WC
comata Guthrie & Bolus
chlamydiflora Salisb. = E. brevifolia Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
chloroloma Lindl. comptonii Salter = E. banksii subsp. comptonii
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC, EC
condensata Benth. var. condensata
chlorosepala Benth. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
condensata Benth. var. quadrifida Bolus
chonantha Dulfer var. chonantha Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
E. capillaris Bartl. var. compacta Bolus (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC conferta Andrews
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
chonantha Dulfer var. longistyla Dulfer (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC confusa Guthrie & Bolus = E. permutata
chrysocodon Guthrie & Bolus conica Lodd. = E. abietina subsp. constantiana
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC consobrina Guthrie & Bolus = natural hybrid (60)
cincta L.Bolus conspicua Sol.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC E. curviflora L. var. splendens (J.C.Wendl.) Dulfer (60)
clavisepala Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC constantia Nois. ex Benth.
coacervata H.A.Baker (5)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC cooperi Bolus var. cooperi
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. KZN, EC
coarctata J.C.Wendl. var. coarctata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. WC cooperi Bolus var. missionis Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. EC
coarctata J.C.Wendl. var. longipes (Bartl.) Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC copiosa J.C.Wendl. var. copiosa
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. WC
coccinea L. subsp. coccinea
E. coccinea L. var. coccinea (58) copiosa J.C.Wendl. var. linearisepala Bolus
E. coccinea L. var. pubescens (Bolus) Dulfer (58) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
E. petiveri L. (58)
E. petiveri L. var. pubescens Bolus (58) copiosa J.C.Wendl. var. longicauda Bolus = E. bicolor
E. sebana Donn, naked name (58) copiosa J.C.Wendl. var. parvisepala Bolus = E. flori-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC fera
coccinea L. subsp. uniflora E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. coralliflora Compton = E. haematosiphon
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC cordata Andrews var. arachnoidea (Klotzsch) Dulfer

E. arachnoidea Klotzsch (4) cubica L. var. natalensis Bolus

Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? KZN
cordata Andrews var. cordata cubitans E.G.H.Oliv. (47)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC
corifolia L. var. bracteata (Thunb.) Dulfer cumuliflora Salisb.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC E. recurvata Andrews (33)
corifolia L. var. concolor Dulfer (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC cunoniensis E.G.H.Oliv. (29)
corifolia L. var. corifolia Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. WC cupuliflora Dulfer = E. florifera
corifolia L. var. erectiuscula (J.C.Wendl.) Dulfer curtophylla Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
coronanthera Compton curviflora L. var. burchellii (Benth.) Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
coruscans L.Bolus curviflora L. var. curviflora
E. coruscans L.Bolus var. coruscans (4) E. viridescens Lodd. var. latituba (L.Bolus) Dulfer (60)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–2 m. WC
coruscans L.Bolus var. coruscans = E. coruscans curviflora L. var. diffusa Bolus
coruscans L.Bolus var. minor L.Bolus = E. aristata var. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
minor curviflora L. var. splendens (J.C.Wendl.) Dulfer = E. con-
corydalis Salisb. spicua
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC curviflora L. var. sulcata (Benth.) Dulfer
costatisepala H.A.Baker (13) E. sulcata Benth. (4)
crassisepala Benth. curviflora L. var. sulphurea (Andrews) Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.5 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
crateriformis Guthrie & Bolus curviflora L. var. versatilis Bolus
cremea Dulfer (3) curvifolia Salisb. var. curvifolia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.45 m. WC
cremnophila Esterh. & T.M.Salter = E. depressa curvifolia Salisb. var. zeyheri Bolus
crenata E.Mey. ex Benth. = E. ferrea Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.45 m. WC
cristata Dulfer curvirostris Salisb. var. curvirostris
E. pectinata Klotzsch (4) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.75 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. WC curvirostris Salisb. var. longisepala L.Bolus
cristiflora Salisb. var. blanda (Salisb.) Bolus Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC curvistyla (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv.
Eremia curvistyla (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
cristiflora Salisb. var. cristiflora Eremiopsis curvistyla N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1.2 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC
cristiflora Salisb. var. moschata (Andrews) Dulfer cuscutiformis Dulfer (3)
E. moschata Andrews (30)
crucistigmatica Dulfer = E. gnaphaloides cyathiformis Salisb. var. cyathiformis
cruenta Sol. var. buccinula Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC cyathiformis Salisb. var. orientalis L.Bolus
cruenta Sol. var. campanulata Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC cygnea Salter
cruenta Sol. var. cruenta Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. WC cylindrica Thunb.
cruenta Sol. var. mutica Bolus Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC cymosa E.Mey. ex Benth. subsp. cymosa
cryptanthera Guthrie & Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.01 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC cymosa E.Mey. ex Benth. subsp. grandiflora E.G.H.Oliv.
cubica L. var. coronifera Bolus & I.M.Oliv. (59)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.01 m. WC
cubica L. var. cubica cyrilliflora Salisb.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC

daphniflora Salisb. var. daphniflora dispar (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv.

Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. WC Simocheilus dispar N.E.Br. (51)
daphniflora Salisb. var. latisepala Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC dissimulans Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (25)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. KZN
daphniflora Salisb. var. leipoldtii Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC distorta Bartl.
E. aemula Guthrie & Bolus var. pubescens Guthrie & Bolus (2)
daphniflora Salisb. var. muscari (Andrews) Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. WC
dodii Guthrie & Bolus
daphniflora Salisb. var. pedicellata (Klotzsch) Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
dolfiana E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. (56)
decipiens A.Spreng. var. decipiens = E. simulans var. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
simulans
doliiformis Salisb.
decipiens A.Spreng. var. tetragona Bolus = E. simulans Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. WC
var. tetragona
dominans Killick (6)
decipiens A.Spreng. var. trivialis (Klotzsch) Bolus = E. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. KZN, L
simulans var. trivialis
dracomontana E.G.H.Oliv.
decora Andrews = E. viscaria subsp. viscaria Philippia drakensbergensis E.G.H.Oliv., not E. drakensbergensis
deflexa Sinclair Guthrie & Bolus (27)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–3.6 m. KZN, L, EC
draconis L.Bolus = E. carduifolia
deliciosa H.L.Wendl. ex Benth. = E. nutans
drakensbergensis Guthrie & Bolus
demissa Klotzsch ex Benth. var. crassifolia Dulfer Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. G, M, S, FS, KZN
dregei E.G.H.Oliv.
demissa Klotzsch ex Benth. var. demissa Simocheilus oblongus Benth., not E. oblonga G.Sinclair (51)
densifolia Willd. dubia Rach = hort. hybrid (60)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.38–1.5 m. WC dulcis L.Bolus = E. propendens
denticulata L. var. denticulata dumosa Andrews = E. longipedunculata var. longi-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC pedunculata
denticulata L. var. grandiloba Bolus dumosa Andrews var. intermedia Bolus = E. longipe-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC dunculata var. intermedia
denticulata L. var. longiflora Bolus dumosa Andrews var. setifera Bolus = E. longipedun-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC culata var. setifera
denticulata L. var. retusa (Tausch) Dulfer duthieae L.Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC E. intervallaris Salisb. var. breviflora Dulfer (60)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
depressa L.
E. cremnophila Esterh. & T.M.Salter (2) dykei Bolus = E. thodei
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC dysantha Benth.
desmantha Benth. var. desmantha Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC ebracteata Bolus
desmantha Benth. var. urceolata H.A.Baker (7) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2.4 m. KZN
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC eburnea Salter
dianthifolia Salisb. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC ecklonii E.G.H.Oliv.
Sympieza eckloniana Klotzsch (51)
diaphana Spreng. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
eglandulosa (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv.
dichrus Spreng. Omphalocaryon (e)glandulosum Klotzsch (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC Scyphogyne eglandulosa (Klotzsch) Benth. (51)
Scyphogyne fasciculata Benth. (51)
dilatata H.L.Wendl. ex Benth. = hort. hybrid (60) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
diosmifolia Salisb. elegans Andrews = E. glauca var. elegans
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC elimensis L.Bolus var. elimensis
diotiflora Salisb. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC elimensis L.Bolus var. parvibracteata L.Bolus
discolor Andrews var. discolor Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. WC ellipticiflora Dulfer = E. regerminans
discolor Andrews var. puberula Benth. elsieana (E.G.H.Oliv.) E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC Philippia elsieana E.G.H.Oliv. (27)

Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC, EC

embothriifolia Salisb. var. embothriifolia esterhuyseniae Compton var. tetramera Compton = E.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC esterhuyseniae
embothriifolia Salisb. var. longiflora Bolus esterhuyseniae Compton var. trimera Compton = E. oreo-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC tragus
embothriifolia Salisb. var. subaequalis Bolus esteriana E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. esteriana
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC Philippia esterhuyseniae E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. esterhuyseniae, not E.
esterhuyseniae Compton (27)
empetrifolia L. = E. empetrina Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
empetrina L.
E. empetrifolia L. (4) esteriana E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. swartbergensis (E.G.H.Oliv.)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC E.G.H.Oliv.
Philippia esterhuyseniae E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. swartbergensis E.G.H.Oliv.
equisetifolia Salisb. (27)
Blaeria campanulata Benth. (31) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.21 m. WC
Blaeria dumosa J.C.Wendl. var. breviflora N.E.Br. (31)
Blaeria dumosa J.C.Wendl. var. dumosa (31) etheliae L.Bolus
Blaeria equisetifolia (Salisb.) G.Don (31) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. EC
Blaeria flava Bolus (31)
Blaeria oppositifolia L.Guthrie (31) eugenea Dulfer
Blaeria purpurea L.f., not E. purpurea P.J.Bergius (31) E. haroldiana Skan (2)
E. nobilis Guthrie & Bolus, not E. nobilis hort. (4)
erasmia Dulfer (3)
eustacei L.Bolus
eremioides (MacOwan) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. eglandula
(N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. evansii (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv.
Philippia evansii N.E.Br. (27)
Grisebachia eremioides MacOwan var. eglandula N.E.Br. (51)
Grisebachia parviflora (Klotzsch) Druce subsp. eglandula Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2.4 m. KZN
(N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. (51) excavata L.Bolus
eremioides (MacOwan) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. eremioides exleeana E.G.H.Oliv.
Grisebachia eremioides MacOwan (51) Philippia leeana Klotzsch (27)
Grisebachia eremioides MacOwan var. pubicalyx N.E.Br. (51)
Grisebachia parviflora (Klotzsch) Druce subsp. parviflora, not E. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. WC
parviflora L. (51) exsurgens Andrews = E. abietina subsp. aurantiaca
Grisebachia similis N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC extrusa Compton
eremioides (MacOwan) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. pubescens
(E.G.H.Oliv.) E.G.H.Oliv. fairii Bolus
Grisebachia parviflora (Klotzsch) Druce subsp. pubescens Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
fascicularis L.f. var. fascicularis
ericoides (L.) E.G.H.Oliv.
Blaeria affinis N.E.Br. (31) fascicularis L.f. var. imperialis (Andrews) Bolus
Blaeria ericoides L. (31) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC fastigiata L. var. coventryana Bolus
erina (Klotzsch ex Benth.) E.G.H.Oliv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC
Syndesmanthus erinus (Klotzsch ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. erinus (51) fastigiata L. var. fastigiata
Syndesmanthus erinus (Klotzsch ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. validus
N.E.Br. (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3 m. WC fastigiata L. var. immaculata Bolus
eriocephala Lam. Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
Acrostemon barkerae Compton (51) fastigiata L. var. longituba L.Bolus
Acrostemon equisetoides Klotzsch (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
Acrostemon glandulosus Rach (51)
Acrostemon hirsutus (Thunb.) Klotzsch (51) fausta Salisb.
Acrostemon incanus Klotzsch (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Acrostemon incurvus (Klotzsch) Benth. (51)
Acrostemon stokoei L.Guthrie (51) feminarum E.G.H.Oliv. (46)
Acrostemon thunbergii (G.Don) Alm & T.C.E.Fr. (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC ferrea P.J.Bergius
eriocodon Bolus E. crenata E.Mey. ex Benth. (60)
E. mucosa L. (4)
eriophoros Guthrie & Bolus
fervida L.Bolus
esterhuyseniae Compton
E. esterhuyseniae Compton var. esterhuyseniae (56) filamentosa Andrews
E. esterhuyseniae Compton var. tetramera Compton (56) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC

filamentosa Andrews var. longiflora Bolus = E. nemato- foliacea Andrews var. galpinii (Salter) Dulfer = E. gal-
phylla pinii
filialis E.G.H.Oliv. (53) foliacea in sense of Guthrie & Bolus = E. ceraria
Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.25 m. WC follicularis Salisb. = E. melastoma subsp. melastoma
filiformis Salisb. var. filiformis fontana L.Bolus
filiformis Salisb. var. longibracteata Bolus formosa Thunb.
filiformis Salisb. var. maritima Bolus = E. radicans subsp. forsteri Dulfer (doubtful species?) (60)
schlechteri Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
filipendula Benth. subsp. filipendula fourcadei L.Bolus
E. filipendula Benth. var. filipendula (58) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC frigida Bolus
filipendula Benth. subsp. parva Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
E. filipendula Benth. var. minor Bolus in part (58)
fucata Klotzsch ex Benth. = E. rubiginosa var. rubigi-
nosa
filipendula Benth. var. filipendula = E. filipendula subsp.
filipendula fucata Klotzsch ex Benth. var. caespitosa Bolus = E.
rubiginosa var. caespitosa
filipendula Benth. var. major Bolus = E. penduliflora
filipendula Benth. var. minor Bolus in part = E. filipen- fuscescens (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv.
Blaeria fuscescens Klotzsch (31)
dula subsp. parva Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC, EC
filipendula Benth. var. minor Bolus in part = E. globu-
galgebergensis H.A.Baker (10)
lifera
fimbriata Andrews
E. physantha Benth. var. aristulata Bolus (2) gallorum L.Bolus = E. viscaria subsp. gallorum
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.7 m. WC galpinii Salter
flacca E.Mey. ex Benth. E. foliacea Andrews var. galpinii (Salter) Dulfer (60)
flanaganii Bolus garciae E.G.H.Oliv. (47)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.9 m. KZN, L Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
flavicoma Bartl. genistifolia Salisb.
×flavisepala Guthrie & Bolus georgica Guthrie & Bolus
E. thunbergii × E. sphaerocephala (20) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC gibbosa Klotzsch ex Benth. = E. scabriuscula
flexistyla E.G.H.Oliv. (37) gigantea Klotzsch ex Benth.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC
floccifera Zahlbr.
E. floccosa Bartl. (4) gillii Benth.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.7 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
flocciflora Benth. gilva J.C.Wendl. = E. mammosa
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC glabella Thunb. subsp. glabella
floccosa Bartl. = E. floccifera Blaeria purpurea P.J.Bergius, not E. purpurea Thunb. (51)
Simocheilus depressus (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Benth. var.
floribunda Lodd. = E. sparsa var. sparsa depressus (51)
florifera (Compton) E.G.H.Oliv. Simocheilus depressus (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Benth. var.
Eremia florifera Compton (51) patens N.E.Br. (51)
E. copiosa J.C.Wendl. var. parvisepala Bolus (51) Simocheilus glabellus (Thunb.) Benth. (51)
E. cupuliflora Dulfer (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
glabella Thunb. subsp. laevis E.G.H.Oliv.
foliacea Andrews subsp. foliacea Simocheilus acutangulus N.E.Br. (51)
E. foliacea Andrews var. foliacea in part (60) Simocheilus globiferus N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 600 mm. WC Simocheilus hirsutus Benth. (51)
foliacea Andrews subsp. fulgens (Klotsch) E.G.H.Oliv. Simocheilus hirtus (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Simocheilus patulus N.E.Br. (51)
& I.M.Oliv. ms Simocheilus submuticus Benth. (51)
E. foliacea Andrews var. fulgens (Klotzsch) Bolus (60)
Simocheilus subrigidus N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
foliacea Andrews var. foliacea in part = E. foliacea
glabra Thunb. = E. inaequalis
subsp. foliacea
foliacea Andrews var. fulgens (Klotzsch) Bolus = E. glabripes L.Bolus (possible natural hybrid) (60)
foliacea subsp. fulgens Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC

glandulifera Klotzsch gracilipes Guthrie & Bolus

glandulipila Compton gracilis J.C.Wendl.
E. umbonata Compton (60) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC grandiflora L.f. var. exsurgens (Andrews) E.G.H.Oliv. =
glandulosa Thunb. var. bondiae (Compton) Dulfer E. abietina subsp. aurantiaca
E. bondiae Compton (4)
grandiflora L.f. var. grandiflora = E. abietina subsp.
aurantiaca
glandulosa Thunb. var. breviflora Bolus granulatifolia H.A.Baker (14)
glandulosa Thunb. var. glandulosa granulosa H.A.Baker (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.45 m. WC
glaphyra Killick (6) grata Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
glauca Andrews var. elegans (Andrews) Bolus greyi Guthrie & Bolus
E. elegans Andrews (1) E. auriculata Guthrie & Bolus (33)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC
glauca Andrews var. glauca grisbrookii Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. WC
globiceps (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. consors (N.E.Br.) guthriei Bolus var. guthriei
E.G.H.Oliv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Simocheilus consors N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC guthriei Bolus var. strictior Bolus
globiceps (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. globiceps
Syndesmanthus elimensis N.E.Br. var. elimensis (51) gysbertii Guthrie & Bolus var. ampliata L.Bolus
Syndesmanthus globiceps N.E.Br. (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
Syndesmanthus sympeizoides N.E.Br. (51)
Syndesmanthus zeyheri Bolus (51) gysbertii Guthrie & Bolus var. gysbertii
globiceps (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. gracilis (N.E.Br.) gysbertii Guthrie & Bolus var. longiflora L.Bolus
E.G.H.Oliv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
Syndesmanthus gracilis (Benth.) N.E.Br. (51) haemantha Bolus = E. lateralis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC haemastoma J.C.Wendl.
globosa Andrews, not of Willd. = E. hirta Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
globosa Andrews var. subterminalis (Klotzsch) Bolus = haematocodon Salter
E. hirta Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC
globulifera Dulfer haematosiphon Guthrie & Bolus
E. filipendula Benth. var. minor Bolus in part (58) E. coralliflora Compton (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.91 m. WC E. macropus Guthrie & Bolus (2)
glomiflora Salisb. var. canthariformis (Lodd.) Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC halicacaba L.
glomiflora Salisb. var. glomiflora Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC hameriana L.Bolus
glumiflora Klotzsch ex Benth. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC hanekomii E.G.H.Oliv. (48)
glutinosa P.J.Bergius var. glutinosa Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC hansfordii E.G.H.Oliv. (46)
glutinosa P.J.Bergius var. parviflora Benth. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC haroldiana Skan = E. eugenea
gnaphaloides L. harveyana Guthrie & Bolus
E. crucistigmatica Dulfer (60) E. jeppei L.Bolus (60)
goatcheriana L.Bolus var. drakensteinensis L.Bolus hebdomadalis E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. (44)
goatcheriana L.Bolus var. goatcheriana hebecalyx Benth.
goatcheriana L.Bolus var. petrensis L.Bolus heleogena Salter
gossypioides E.G.H.Oliv. (8) heleophila Guthrie & Bolus

hendricksei H.A.Baker var. alba H.A.Baker (7) imbricata L.

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.45 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1.21 m. WC
hendricksei H.A.Baker var. hendricksei (7) inaequalis (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.45 m. WC E. glabra Thunb., not E. glabra Gilib. (51)
Pachycalyx inaequalis Klotzsch (51)
hermani E.G.H.Oliv. (32) Simocheilus albirameus N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC Simocheilus bicolor (Klotzsch) Benth. (51)
Simocheilus ecklonianus Benth., illegitimate name (51)
hesseana Klotzsch = E. abietina subsp. atrorosea Simocheilus glaber (Thunb.) Benth. (51)
heterophylla Guthrie & Bolus (60—mixed collection) Simocheilus hispidus (Klotzsch) Benth. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC Simocheilus klotzschianus Benth. var. glabrifolia N.E.Br. (51)
Simocheilus klotzschianus Benth. var. klotzschianus (51)
hexensis E.G.H.Oliv. (35) Simocheilus puberulus (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 400 mm. NC, WC
hibbertii Andrews, as ‘hibbertia’ (58) inamoena Dulfer
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC E. blesbergensis H.A.Baker (60)
hillburttii (E.G.H.Oliv.) E.G.H.Oliv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. WC
Ericinella hillburttii E.G.H.Oliv. (34) incarnata Thunb.
hippurus Compton inclusa H.L.Wendl. ex Benth.
hirsuta Klotzsch ex Benth. = E. aneimena inconstans Zahlbr.
hirta Thunb. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC
E. globosa Andrews, not of Willd. (60)
E. globosa Andrews var. subterminalis (Klotzsch) Bolus (60) incurva J.C.Wendl. var. barbigera Bolus = E. bruniifo-
E. sphaeroidea Dulfer var. sphaeroidea (60) lia var. barbigera
E. sphaeroidea Dulfer var. subterminalis (Klotzsch) Dulfer (60)
incurva J.C.Wendl. var. incurva = E. bruniifolia var.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC bruniifolia
hirtiflora Curtis var. hirtiflora incurva J.C.Wendl. var. solandroides (Andrews) Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC = E. bruniifolia var. solandroides
hirtiflora Curtis var. minor (Andrews) Benth. incurva J.C.Wendl. var. stellata Bolus = E. bruniifolia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC var. stellata
hispidula L. var. hispidula incurva J.C.Wendl. var. subglabra Bolus = E. bruniifo-
E. blancheana L.Bolus (60)
E. inops Bolus (60) lia var. subglabra
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1(–1.8) m. WC inflata Thunb.
hispidula L. var. micrantha Benth. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC inflaticalyx E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
hispidula L. var. serpyllifolia (Andrews) Benth. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC infundibuliformis Andrews
E. pavettiflora Salisb. (4)
hispidula L. var. viscidula (L.Bolus) Dulfer
E. viscidula L.Bolus (30) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC ingeana E.G.H.Oliv. (30)
hispiduloides E.G.H.Oliv. (35) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC innovans E.G.H.Oliv.
Syndesmanthus pumilus N.E.Br. (51)
holosericea Salisb. var. holosericea
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
inops Bolus = E. hispidula var. hispidula
holosericea Salisb. var. parviflora Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. WC inordinata H.A.Baker (11)
holtii Schweick.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. M, KZN insignis E.G.H.Oliv. (21)
hottentotica E.G.H.Oliv. (35)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. WC insolitanthera H.A.Baker (14)
humansdorpensis Compton
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. EC intermedia Klotzsch ex Benth. subsp. albiflora E.G.H.Oliv.
& I.M.Oliv. (58)
humidicola E.G.H.Oliv. (50) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
intermedia Klotzsch ex Benth. subsp. intermedia
humifusa Hibbert ex Salisb. E. coccinea L. var. intermedia (Klotzsch ex Benth.) Dulfer (58)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC, E. petiveri L. var. intermedia (Klotzsch ex Benth.) Bolus (58)
EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
ignita E.G.H.Oliv. (52) interrupta (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5(–1) m. WC Thoracosperma interruptum N.E.Br. (51)

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC Blaeria pusilla Klotzsch, not of L. (31)

intervallaris Salisb. var. breviflora Dulfer = E. duthieae Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
intervallaris Salisb. var. grandiflora Bolus kogelbergensis E.G.H.Oliv.
E. serratifolia Andrews var. subnuda L.Bolus (40)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
intervallaris Salisb. var. intervallaris kougabergensis H.A.Baker var. kougabergensis (10)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. EC
intervallaris Salisb. var. trifolia H.A.Baker (18) kougabergensis H.A.Baker var. recurvifolia H.A.Baker
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC (14)
intonsa L.Bolus Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC kraussiana Klotzsch
intricata H.A.Baker (10) Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC krigeae Compton = E. petraea
involucrata Klotzsch ex Benth. krugeri E.G.H.Oliv. (16)
involvens Benth. labialis Salisb.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC Blaeria bracteata J.C.Wendl. (51)
ioniana E.G.H.Oliv. (32) E. capitella Thunb. ex Rach (51)
Sympieza articulata in sense of N.E.Br., not E. articulata (L.)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC Thunb. (51)
ionii H.A.Baker = E. umbelliflora Sympieza articulata in sense of N.E.Br. var. hians N.E.Br. (51)
Sympieza brachyphylla Benth. (51)
irbyana Andrews Sympieza breviflora N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC Sympieza capitellata Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. (51)
irregularis Benth. Sympieza capitellata Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. var. angustata
N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC Sympieza capitellata Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. var. crassistigma
irrorata Guthrie & Bolus N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.45 m. WC Sympieza labialis (Salisb.) Druce (51)
Sympieza pallescens N.E.Br. (51)
ixanthera Benth. Sympieza tenuiflora Benth. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC Sympieza vestita N.E.Br. (51)
jacksoniana H.A.Baker (11) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC lachnaeifolia Salisb.
jasminiflora Salisb. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC lachnaeoides G.Don = hort. hybrid (60)
jeppei L.Bolus = E. harveyana laeta Bartl.
jonasiana E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC laevigata Bartl. var. elongata Bolus
jugicola E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. (57)
Perennial. dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC laevigata Bartl. var. laevigata
juniperina E.G.H.Oliv. (37)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC lageniformis Salisb.
junonia Bolus var. junonia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC lananthera L.Bolus
junonia Bolus var. minor Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC lanata Andrews
kammanassieae E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. WC langebergensis H.A.Baker (18)
karooica E.G.H.Oliv. (36)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.25 m. WC lanipes Guthrie & Bolus
karwyderi E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC lanuginosa Andrews
keeromsbergensis H.A.Baker (13)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC lasciva Salisb.
E. accommodata Klotzsch ex Benth. var. ebracteata Bolus (27)
keetii L.Bolus Philippia stokoei L.Guthrie (27)
kirstenii E.G.H.Oliv. (52) lasiocarpa Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.25 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. KZN
klotzschii (Alm & T.C.E.Fr.) E.G.H.Oliv. lateralis Willd.
Blaeria klotzschii Alm & T.C.E.Fr. (31) E. haemantha Bolus (2)

E. montana L.Bolus (2) lignosa H.A.Baker (10)

E. oreina Dulfer (60) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
limosa L.Bolus
lateriflora E.G.H.Oliv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Grisebachia secundiflora E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC limnophila E.G.H.Oliv. (55)
Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC
latiflora L.Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC lineata Benth. = E. plukenetii subsp. lineata
latifolia Andrews lithophila E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. (59)
latituba L.Bolus loganii Compton
longiaristata Benth.
lavandulifolia Salisb.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5(–2) m. WC
longifolia Bauer var. amplicata Bolus = E. vestita
lawsonia Andrews
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC longifolia Bauer var. breviflora Dulfer = E. viscaria subsp.
pustulata
lehmannii Klotzsch ex Benth.
longifolia Bauer var. contracta Bolus = E. viscaria subsp.
longifolia
lepidota Rach longifolia Bauer var. longifolia = E. viscaria subsp. longi-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub. Ht up to 0.7 m. NC, WC folia
leptantha Dulfer (3) longifolia Bauer var. maritima Bolus = E. vestita
longifolia Bauer var. squarrosa Bolus = E. viscaria subsp.
leptoclada Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. var. aristata Bolus longifolia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC longifolia Bauer var. stricta Dulfer = E. viscaria subsp.
leptoclada Van Heurck & Müll.Arg. var. leptoclada longifolia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC longifolia Bauer var. viridis (Andrews) Bolus = E. vis-
leptopus Benth. var. breviloba Bolus caria subsp. macrosepala
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC longimontana E.G.H.Oliv.
leptopus Benth. var. leptopus Blaeria coccinea Klotzsch, not E. coccinea L. (31)
Blaeria fastigiata Benth., not E. fastigiata L. (31)
leptopus Benth. var. piquetbergensis Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC longipedunculata Lodd. var. intermedia (Bolus) Dulfer
E. dumosa Andrews var. intermedia Bolus (4)
leptostachya Guthrie & Bolus = E. scoparia (European Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
species)
leptostachya Guthrie & Bolus var. glabra Dulfer = E. longipedunculata Lodd. var. longipedunculata
E. dumosa Andrews (4)
natalitia var. natalitia Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
lerouxiae Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.8 m. WC longipedunculata Lodd. var. setifera (Bolus) Dulfer
E. dumosa Andrews var. setifera Bolus (4)
leucantha Link Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
longipes Klotzsch ex Benth. = E. newdigateae
leucanthera L.f.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC longisepala Guthrie & Bolus = E. parilis var. parilis
leucodesmia Benth. longistyla L.Bolus var. appressa Dulfer (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
leucopelta Tausch var. ephebioides Bolus longistyla L.Bolus var. longistyla
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.75 m. M Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
leucopelta Tausch var. leucopelta lowryensis Bolus var. glandulifera Dulfer
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, L, Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
EC lowryensis Bolus var. lowryensis
Note: the taxonomy of this species is very confusing and involves Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1(–2) m. WC
E. maesta and E. natalitia.
leucopelta Tausch var. luxurians I.Verd. lucida Salisb. var. laxa (Andrews) Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2.5 m. M, S Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
leucopelta Tausch var. pubescens Bolus lucida Salisb. var. lucida
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.9 m. KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
leucosiphon L.Bolus lucida Salisb. var. pauciflora Bolus
leucotrachela H.A.Baker lutea P.J.Bergius
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.9 m. WC

lycopodiastrum Lam. melanacme Guthrie & Bolus

macilenta Guthrie & Bolus melanomontana E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC Scyphogyne orientalis E.G.H.Oliv., not E. orientalis R.A.Dyer (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. WC
macowanii Cufino
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC melanthera L.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.7 m. WC, EC
macra Guthrie & Bolus = E. nubigena
melastoma Andrews subsp. melastoma
macroloma Benth. E. coccinea L. var. inflata H.A.Baker (58)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC E. coccinea L. var. melastoma (Andrews) H.A.Baker (58)
macrophylla Klotzsch ex Benth. E. coccinea L. var. willdenovii (Bolus) H.A.Baker (58)
E. follicularis Salisb. (58)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC E. petiveri L. var. melastoma (Andrews) Benth. (58)
macropus Guthrie & Bolus = E. haematosiphon E. petiveri L. var. willdenovii Bolus (58)
E. vestiflua Salisb. (58)
macrotrema Guthrie & Bolus var. glabripedicellata Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
Dulfer (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC melastoma Andrews subsp. minor E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv.
(58)
macrotrema Guthrie & Bolus var. macrotrema Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.7 m. WC
mertensiana J.C.Wendl. ex Klotzsch = hort. hybrid (60)
maderi Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC merxmuelleri Dulfer = E. natalitia var. natalitia
madida E.G.H.Oliv. micrandra Guthrie & Bolus
Philippia irrorata E.G.H.Oliv., not E. irrorata Guthrie & Bolus (27) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2.5 m. WC microcodon Guthrie & Bolus = E. mundii
maesta Bolus var. longistyla Dulfer miniscula E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Shrub? Ht? FS Lagenocarpus tenuis Benth., not E. tenuis Salisb. (51)
Lepterica tenuis (Benth.) N.E.Br. (51)
maesta Bolus var. maesta (cf. E. leucopelta) Scyphogyne tenuis (Benth.) E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. FS, KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
magistrati E.G.H.Oliv. (35) minutissima Klotzsch ex Benth. = E. quadrangularis
mira Klotzsch ex Benth.
magnisylvae E.G.H.Oliv. (42) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
mitchellensis Dulfer
malmesburiensis E.G.H.Oliv. (51) E. saxatilis L.Bolus, not of Salisb. (4)
mammosa L. modesta Salisb.
E. gilva J.C.Wendl. (58) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. WC
mollis Andrews
manifesta Compton var. campanulata Dulfer = E. umbel- Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
liflora
monadelphia Andrews (58)
manifesta Compton var. manifesta = E. umbelliflora Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
margaritacea Sol.
monantha Compton
mariae Guthrie & Bolus = E. regia subsp. mariae
monsoniana L.f. var. exserta Klotzsch
marifolia Sol. Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
monsoniana L.f. var. monsoniana
maritima Guthrie & Bolus Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
montana L.Bolus = E. lateralis
marlothii Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC moschata Andrews = E. cristiflora var. moschata
massonii L.f. var. massonii montis-hominis E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
massonii L.f. var. minor Benth. mucosa L. = E. ferrea
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC mucronata Andrews
mauritanica L. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
E. viridipurpurea L. (9)
muirii L.Bolus
maximiliani Guthrie & Bolus multiflexuosa E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC Blaeria flexuosa Benth., not E. flexuosa Andrews (31)
media Klotzsch ex Benth. = E. umbelliflora Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC

multumbellifera P.J.Bergius Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. WC

E. ramentacea L. (4)
notholeeana (E.G.H.Oliv.) E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC Philippia notholeeana E.G.H.Oliv. (27)
mundii Guthrie & Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
E. microcodon Guthrie & Bolus (60)
nubigena Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC E. macra Guthrie & Bolus (2)
muscosa (Aiton) E.G.H.Oliv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Blaeria albida Thunb. (51)
Blaeria muscosa Aiton (51) nudiflora L.
Blaeria pusilla J.C.Wendl. (51) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
E. albens in sense of Thunb., not of L. (51) nutans J.C.Wendl.
E. albida (Thunb.) Thunb. (51) E. deliciosa H.L.Wendl. ex Benth. (60)
Omphalocaryon muscosum (Aiton) Klotzsch var. glabrum Klotzsch (51)
Omphalocaryon muscosum (Aiton) Klotzsch var. muscosum (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC, EC
Scyphogyne inconspicua Decne. (51) oakesiorum E.G.H.Oliv. (41)
Scyphogyne inconspicua Decne. var. ciliata N.E.Br. (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC
Scyphogyne inconspicua Decne. var. glabriflora N.E.Br. (51)
Scyphogyne inconspicua Decne. var. pubescens N.E.Br. (51) oatesii Rolfe var. latifolia Bolus
Scyphogyne inconspicua Decne. var. vestita N.E.Br. (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. KZN
Scyphogyne muscosa (Aiton) Druce (51)
Scyphogyne schlechteri N.E.Br. (51) oatesii Rolfe var. oatesii
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. WC, NC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. M, S, FS, KZN
myriocodon Guthrie & Bolus obconica H.A.Baker (14)
nabea Guthrie & Bolus obliqua Thunb.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
nana Salisb. oblongiflora Benth.
natalensis Dulfer obtusata Klotzsch ex Benth.
E. thodei Gilg, not E. thodei Guthrie & Bolus (30) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? KZN occulta E.G.H.Oliv. (19)
natalitia Bolus var. brevipedicellata Dulfer = E. binaria Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
natalitia Bolus var. natalitia ocellata Guthrie & Bolus
E. leptostachya Guthrie & Bolus var. glabra Dulfer (60) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
E. merxmuelleri Dulfer (60)
octonaria L.Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2.4 m. LIM, M, KZN, EC
natalitia Bolus var. robusta Dulfer (3)
odorata Andrews
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? KZN
navigatoris E.G.H.Oliv. (43)
oligantha Guthrie & Bolus
nematophylla Guthrie & Bolus
E. filamentosa Andrews var. longiflora Bolus (58) oliveri H.A.Baker
nemorosa Klotzsch ex Benth. omninoglabra H.A.Baker (18)
nervata Guthrie & Bolus onosmiflora Salisb. = E. viscaria subsp. macrosepala
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC onusta Guthrie & Bolus
nevillei L.Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC oophylla Benth.
newdigateae Dulfer
E. longipes Klotzsch ex Benth., not E. longipes Bartl. (4) opulenta (J.C.Wendl. ex Klotzsch) Benth.
nidularia Lodd. = hort. hybrid (60) orculiflora Dulfer (3)
nigrimontana Guthrie & Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.35 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC oreina Dulfer = E. lateralis
nivalis Andrews = hort. hybrid (60) oreophila Guthrie & Bolus
nivea Sinclair Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC oreotragus E.G.H.Oliv.
E. esterhuyseniae Compton var. trimera Compton (56)
nobilis Guthrie & Bolus = E. eugenea Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
nodiflora Klotzsch = E. rhopalantha var. rhopalantha oresigena Bolus
niveniana E.G.H.Oliv. E. oresigena Bolus var. intermedia Bolus (2)
Syndesmanthus nivenii N.E.Br. (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC

oresigena Bolus var. intermedia Bolus = E. oresigena parviporandra E.G.H.Oliv. (51)

oresigena Bolus var. mollipila Bolus = E. taylorii Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
parvula Guthrie & Bolus = E. equisetifolia
orientalis R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. EC parvulisepala H.A.Baker = E. xanthina
orthiocola E.G.H.Oliv. (49) passerinae Montin
Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC, EC
ostiaria Compton passerinoides (Bolus) E.G.H.Oliv.
Ericinella passerinoides Bolus (34)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.3 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. EC
outeniquae (Compton) E.G.H.Oliv. patens Andrews = hort. hybrid (60)
Eremiella outeniquae Compton (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC patersonii Andrews, not of L.Bolus (58)
E. abietina in sense of Benth., not of L. (58)
ovina Klotzsch var. ovina Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5(–1) m. WC
patersonii L.Bolus = E. viscaria subsp. pustulata
ovina Klotzsch var. purpurea Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC paucifolia (J.C.Wendl.) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. ciliata (Klotzsch)
E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
oxyandra Guthrie & Bolus Syndesmanthus ciliatus (Klotzsch) Benth. (51)
oxycoccifolia Salisb. paucifolia (J.C.Wendl.) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. paucifolia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC (51)
oxysepala Guthrie & Bolus Blaeria paucifolia J.C.Wendl. (51)
Syndesmanthus paucifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Benth. (51)
oxysepala Guthrie & Bolus var. pubescens Guthrie &
paucifolia (J.C.Wendl.) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. squarrosa
Bolus = E. sphaerocephala
(Benth.) E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
pageana L.Bolus Syndesmanthus squarrosus Benth. (51)
pallens Andrews = hort. hybrid (60) pauciovulata H.A.Baker
palliiflora Salisb.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC pavettiflora Salisb. = E. infundibuliformis
paludicola L.Bolus pearsoniana L.Bolus
paniculata L. pectinata Klotzsch = E. cristata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC pectinifolia Salisb. var. oblongifolia Dulfer
pannosa Salisb. Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
E. barbata Andrews var. major Andrews (4) pectinifolia Salisb. var. pectinifolia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
papyracea Guthrie & Bolus pellucida Sol. ex Salisb.
parilis Salisb. var. parilis peltata Andrews
E. longisepala Guthrie & Bolus (2) Philippia pallida L.Guthrie (27)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1(–2) m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6(–1.2) m. WC
parilis Salisb. var. parviflora Benth. penduliflora E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC E. filipendula Benth. var. major Bolus (54)
parviflora L. var. exigua (Salisb.) Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC penicilliformis Salisb. var. chrysantha (Klotzsch ex Benth.)
Dulfer
parviflora L. var. glabra Compton E. calyculata J.C.Wendl. var. chrysantha (Klotzsch ex Benth.)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC Bolus (4)
parviflora L. var. hispida Bolus Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC penicilliformis Salisb. var. penicilliformis
E. calyculata J.C.Wendl. var. calyculata (4)
parviflora L. var. inermis (Klotzsch) Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
perlata Sinclair
parviflora L. var. parviflora Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. WC
permutata Dulfer
parviflora L. var. puberula (Bartl.) Bolus E. confusa Guthrie & Bolus, not E. confusa Gandog. (4)
parviflora L. var. ternifolia Bolus perplexa E.G.H.Oliv. (51)

perspicua J.C.Wendl. var. lanceolata Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC

Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC pilosiflora E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. purpurea E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
perspicua J.C.Wendl. var. latifolia Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC pilulifera L.
perspicua J.C.Wendl. var. perspicua Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC pinea Thunb.
petiolaris Lam. E. pinea Thunb. var. argentiflora (Andrews) Bolus (58)
E. pinea Thunb. var. viscosissima Bolus (58)
petiveri L. = E. coccinea subsp. coccinea
pinea Thunb. var. argentiflora (Andrews) Bolus = E. pinea
petiveri L. var. intermedia (Klotzsch ex Benth.) Bolus = pinea Thunb. var. viscosissima Bolus = E. pinea
E. intermedia subsp. intermedia
piquetbergensis (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv.
petiveri L. var. melastoma (Andrews) Benth. = E. mela- Simocheilus piquetbergensis N.E.Br. (51)
stoma subsp. melastoma Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
petiveri L. var. pubescens Bolus = E. coccinea subsp. placentiflora Salisb.
coccinea Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
petiveri L. var. willdenovii Bolus = E. melastoma subsp. planifolia L. var. calycina Bolus
melastoma Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
petraea Benth. planifolia L. var. planifolia
E. krigeae Compton (2) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
platycalyx E.G.H.Oliv.
petricola E.G.H.Oliv. Platycalyx pumila N.E.Br. (51)
Philippia petrophila E.G.H.Oliv. (27) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
plena L.Bolus
petrophila L.Bolus E. colorans Andrews var. breviflora H.A.Baker (60)
petrusiana E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. (58) plukenetii L. subsp. bredensis E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv.
peziza Lodd. plukenetii L. subsp. breviflora (Dulfer) E.G.H.Oliv. &
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC I.M.Oliv.
phacelanthera E.G.H.Oliv. E. breviflora Dulfer (58)
Omphalocaryon capitatum Klotzsch (51) E. scariosa Thunb. (58)
Scyphogyne brevifolia Benth. (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.8 m. WC
Scyphogyne capitata (Klotzsch) Benth. var. brevifolia (Benth.) plukenetii L. subsp. lineata (Benth.) E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv.
N.E.Br. (51) E. lineata Benth. (58)
Scyphogyne capitata (Klotzsch) Benth. var. capitata (51)
Scyphogyne viscida N.E.Br. (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC plukenetii L. subsp. penicellata (Andrews) E.G.H.Oliv.
& I.M.Oliv.
phaeocarpa E.G.H.Oliv. E. plukenetii L. var. bicarinata Bolus (58)
Simocheilus quadrisulcus N.E.Br., name rejected (51)
plukenetii L. subsp. plukenetii
philippioides Compton E. plukenetii L. var. brevifolia Bolus (58)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. NC, WC E. plukenetii L. var. plukenetii (58)
phillipsii L.Bolus Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC plukenetii L. var. bicarinata Bolus = E. plukenetii subsp.
phylicifolia Salisb. = E. abietina subsp. atrorosea penicellata
physantha Benth. plukenetii L. var. brevifolia Bolus = E. plukenetii subsp.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC plukenetii
plukenetii L. var. plukenetii = E. plukenetii subsp. pluke-
physantha Benth. var. aristulata Bolus = E. fimbriata
netii
physodes L. plumigera Bartl.
physophylla Benth. plumosa Thunb.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.05 m. WC Grisebachia alba N.E.Br. (51)
pilaarkopensis H.A.Baker, as ‘pillarkopensis’ (18, 60) Grisebachia apiculata N.E.Br. (51)
Grisebachia bolusii N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC Grisebachia ciliaris (L.f.) Klotzsch subsp. bolusii (N.E.Br.)
pillansii Bolus E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
E. pyrantha L.Bolus (60) Grisebachia ciliaris (L.f.) Klotzsch subsp. ciliaris, not E. ciliaris L. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC Grisebachia ciliaris (L.f.) Klotzsch subsp. ciliciiflora (Salisb.)
E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
pilosiflora E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. pilosiflora Grisebachia ciliaris (L.f.) Klotzsch subsp. involuta (Klotzsch)
Acrostemon eriocephalus (Klotzsch) N.E.Br. (51) E.G.H.Oliv. (51)

Grisebachia ciliaris (L.f.) Klotzsch subsp. multiglandulosa E.G.H.Oliv. pubescens L. var. pubescens
(51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
Grisebachia dregeana Benth. (51)
Grisebachia hirta Klotzsch (51) pubigera Salisb.
Grisebachia hispida Klotzsch (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. WC
Grisebachia incana (Bartl.) Klotzsch (51)
Grisebachia involuta Klotzsch (51) pudens H.A.Baker
Grisebachia nivenii N.E.Br. (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. NC, WC
Grisebachia pentheri Zahlbr. (51)
Grisebachia pilifolia N.E.Br. (51)
pulchella Houtt. var. major Salter
Grisebachia plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. eciliata E.G.H.Oliv. (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
Grisebachia plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. hirta (Klotzsch) pulchella Houtt. var. pulchella
E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Grisebachia plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. hispida (Klotzsch)
E.G.H.Oliv. (51) pulchelliflora E.G.H.Oliv.
Grisebachia plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. irrorata E.G.H.Oliv. (51) Syndesmanthus pulchellus N.E.Br. (51)
Grisebachia plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. pentheri (Klotzsch) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC
E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
Grisebachia plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. plumosa (51) pulvinata Guthrie & Bolus
Grisebachia plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch var. scabra N.E.Br. (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Grisebachia plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch var. serrulata (Benth.)
N.E.Br. (51) pulvinata Guthrie & Bolus var. montana Guthrie & Bolus
Grisebachia rigida N.E.Br. (51) = E. regerminans
Grisebachia serrulata Benth. (51) pumila Andrews
Grisebachia solivaga N.E.Br. (51)
Grisebachia thunbergii Rach (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
Grisebachia velleriflora Klotzsch (51) purgatoriensis H.A.Baker
Grisebachia zeyheriana Klotzsch (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC, NC
purpurea Andrews = E. abietina subsp. atrorosea
podophylla Benth.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC pusilla Salisb. = E. canescens var. canescens
pogonanthera Bartl. pustulata H.A.Baker = E. viscaria subsp. pustulata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC pycnantha Benth.
polifolia Salisb. ex Benth. var. angustata Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC pyramidalis Sol. var. pyramidalis
polifolia Salisb. ex Benth. var. polifolia Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC pyramidalis Sol. var. vernalis (Lodd.) Benth.
polycoma Benth. Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC pyrantha L.Bolus = E. pillansii
portenschlagiana Dulfer (insufficiently known) (60) pyxidiflora Salisb.
porteri Compton = E. thomae quadrangularis Salisb.
E. minutissima Klotzsch ex Benth. (33)
praecox Klotzsch Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
quadrifida (Benth.) E.G.H.Oliv.
praenitens Tausch Thoracosperma paniculatum (Thunb.) Klotzsch (51)
primulina Bolus = E. viridiflora subsp. primulina quadrisulcata L.Bolus
priorii Guthrie & Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.35 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC racemosa Thunb. var. aristata L.Bolus
procaviana (E.G.H.Oliv.) E.G.H.Oliv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
Philippia procaviana E.G.H.Oliv. (27)
racemosa Thunb. var. racemosa
propendens Andrews radicans (L.Guthrie) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. radicans
E. dulcis L.Bolus (2)
Thoracosperma muirii L.Guthrie (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC Thoracosperma radicans L.Guthrie (51)
propinqua Guthrie & Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC radicans (L.Guthrie) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. schlechteri
pseudocalycina Compton (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC, EC Acrostemon schlechteri N.E.Br. (51)
E. filiformis Salisb. var. maritima Bolus (51)
puberuliflora E.G.H.Oliv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Thamnium puberulum Klotzsch, not E. puberula Bartl. (51)
Thoracosperma puberulum (Klotzsch) N.E.Br. (51) ramentacea L. = E. multumbellifera
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC recta Bolus
pubescens L. var. glabrifolia Dulfer Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC recurvata Andrews = E. cumuliflora

recurvifolia E.G.H.Oliv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. M

Eremia recurvata Klotzsch, not E. recurvata Andrews (51)
rosacea (L.Guthrie) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. rosacea
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Thoracosperma bondiae Compton (51)
reenensis Zahlbr. Thoracosperma fourcadei Compton (51)
Thoracosperma galpinii N.E.Br., not E. galpinii Salter (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. M, FS, KZN, L Thoracosperma rosaceum L.Guthrie (51)
regerminans L. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC, EC
E. ellipticiflora Dulfer (60)
E. pulvinata Guthrie & Bolus var. montana Guthrie & Bolus (2) rosacea (L.Guthrie) E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. glabrata E.G.H.Oliv.
Thoracosperma marlothii N.E.Br., not E. marlothii Bolus (51)
regia Bartl. subsp. mariae (Guthrie & Bolus) E.G.H.Oliv.
& I.M.Oliv. roseoloba E.G.H.Oliv. (39)
E. mariae Guthrie & Bolus (58) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC rubens Thunb.
regia Bartl. subsp. regia Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
E. casta Guthrie & Bolus var. breviflora Guthrie & Bolus (58) rubiginosa Dulfer var. caespitosa (Bolus) Dulfer
E. casta Guthrie & Bolus var. casta (58) E. fucata Klotzsch ex Benth. var. caespitosa Bolus (3)
E. regia Bartl. var. regia (58)
E. regia Bartl. var. variegata Bolus (58) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
E. regia Bartl. var. williana Bolus (58) rubiginosa Dulfer var. rubiginosa
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC E. fucata Klotzsch ex Benth., not E. fucata Thunb. (3)
E. tenuipedicellata Compton (2)
regia Bartl. var. regia = E. regia subsp. regia Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
regia Bartl. var. variegata Bolus = E. regia subsp. regia rudolfii Bolus
regia Bartl. var. williana Bolus = E. regia subsp. regia Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
rehmii Dulfer (3) rufescens Klotzsch
remota (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. (51) rugata E.G.H.Oliv.
Scyphogyne remota N.E.Br. (51) Coccosperma rugosum Klotzsch, not E. rugosa Andrews (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC Salaxis rugosa (Klotzsch) Benth. (51)
retorta Montin Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC rupicola Klotzsch
revoluta (Bolus) L.E.Davidson (24) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
E. austroverna Hilliard (33) russakiana E.G.H.Oliv.
E. subverticillaris Diels ex Guthrie & Bolus var. revoluta Bolus (24) Acrostemon concinnus N.E.Br., not E. concinna Sol. (31)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. M, S, KZN Blaeria kraussiana Klotzsch ex Walp., not E. kraussiana Klotzsch (31)
rhodantha Guthrie & Bolus Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC rusticula E.G.H.Oliv. (50)
rhodopis (Bolus) Guthrie & Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC sacciflora Salisb.
rhopalantha Dulfer var. delapsa (Bolus) Dulfer Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC sagittata Klotzsch ex Benth.
Blaeria grandis N.E.Br. (31)
rhopalantha Dulfer var. rhopalantha Blaeria sagittata (Klotzsch ex Benth.) Alm & T.C.E.Fr. (31)
E. nodiflora Klotzsch (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. EC
salax Salisb.
ribisaria Guthrie & Bolus
salicina E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. ms
richardii E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. (55) E. viminalis E.G.H.Oliv., not E. viminalis Salisb. (60)
rigidula (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. salteri L.Bolus
Blepharophyllum divaricatum Klotzsch, not E. divaricata Sincl. (51)
Scyphogyne biconvexa N.E.Br. (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC
Scyphogyne brownii Compton (51) saptouensis E.G.H.Oliv. (39)
Scyphogyne divaricata (Klotzsch) Benth. (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC, EC
Scyphogyne glandulifera N.E.Br. (51)
Scyphogyne longistyla N.E.Br. (51) savilea Andrews var. grandiflora Bolus
Scyphogyne rigidula N.E.Br. (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
Scyphogyne rigidula N.E.Br. var. breviciliata N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. NC, WC savilea Andrews var. mutica L.Bolus
rimarum E.G.H.Oliv. (50)
Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC savilea Andrews var. savilea
riparia H.A.Baker
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC saxatilis L.Bolus = E. mitchellensis
rivularis L.E.Davidson (28) saxicola Guthrie & Bolus

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC shannonea Andrews

saxigena Dulfer (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC sicifolia Salisb.
scabriuscula Lodd. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC
E. gibbosa Klotzsch ex Benth. (60) simii (S.Moore) E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. WC Philippia simii S.Moore (27)
scariosa P.J.Bergius = E. spumosa Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. LIM
scariosa Thunb. = E. plukenetii subsp. breviflora similis (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv.
Blaeria articulata L., name rejected, not E. articularis L. (51)
schelpeorum E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. (59) Syndesmanthus articulatus (L.) Klotzsch var. articulatus, not E.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC articularis L. (51)
Syndesmanthus articulatus (L.) Klotzsch var. fasciculatus N.E.Br. (51)
schlechteri Bolus Syndesmanthus articulatus (L.) Klotzsch var. hirtus Benth. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. FS, KZN, L, EC Syndesmanthus elimensis N.E.Br. var. elimensis, not E. elimensis
schmidtii Dulfer (3) (doubtful species) (60) L.Bolus (51)
Syndesmanthus elimensis N.E.Br. var. incertus N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC Syndesmanthus fasciculatus Klotzsch, not E. fasciculata Thunb. (51)
schumannii E.G.H.Oliv. (45) Syndesmanthus scaber Klotzsch, not E. scabra Thunb. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC Syndesmanthus similis N.E.Br. (51)
scytophylla Guthrie & Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC simulans Dulfer var. simulans
E. decipiens A.Spreng. var. decipiens (4)
sebana Donn, naked name = E. coccinea subsp. coccinea Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC, EC
selaginifolia Salisb. simulans Dulfer var. tetragona (Bolus) Dulfer
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC E. decipiens A.Spreng. var. tetragona Bolus (4)
senilis Klotzsch ex Benth. Perennial. Shrub. Ht? EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC simulans Dulfer var. trivialis (Klotzsch) Dulfer
E. decipiens A.Spreng. var. trivialis (Klotzsch) Bolus (4)
senilis Klotzsch ex Benth. var. australis Dulfer = E. tegeti-
formis Perennial. Shrub. Ht? EC
seriphiifolia Salisb. sitiens Klotzsch
serrata Thunb. sociorum L.Bolus
Blaeria serrata (Thunb.) Thunb. (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Lagenocarpus ciliatus (Benth.) N.E.Br. (51) solandra Andrews
Lagenocarpus imbricatus Klotzsch (51)
Nagelocarpus ciliatus (Benth.) Bullock (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
Nagelocarpus serratus (Thunb.) Bullock (51) solandra Andrews var. mollis Dulfer = E. setulosa
Salaxis ciliata Benth. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC sonderiana Guthrie & Bolus
serratifolia Andrews var. serratifolia = hort. hybrid
sonora Compton = E. aristifolia
serratifolia Andrews var. subnuda Bolus = E. kogelber-
gensis sparrmannii L.f.
sessiliflora L.f. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
E. sessiliflora L.f. var. claviflora (Salisb.) Bolus (58) sparsa Lodd. var. glanduloso-pedicellata Dulfer (3)
E. sessiliflora L.f. var. oblanceolata Bolus (58) Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
E. sessiliflora L.f. var. sceptriformis (Salisb.) Bolus (58)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC sparsa Lodd. var. sparsa
E. floribunda Lodd., not E. floribunda J.C.Wendl. (4)
sessiliflora L.f. var. claviflora (Salisb.) Bolus = E. ses- Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC, EC
siliflora
speciosa Andrews
sessiliflora L.f. var. oblanceolata Bolus = E. sessiliflora Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
sessiliflora L.f. var. sceptriformis (Salisb.) Bolus = E. spectabilis Klotzsch ex Benth.
sessiliflora Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
setacea Andrews sperata E.G.H.Oliv. (47)
setociliata H.A.Baker (14) sphaerocephala J.C.Wendl. ex Benth.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC E. oxysepala Guthrie & Bolus var. pubescens Guthrie & Bolus (2)
setosa Bartl. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC sphaeroidea Dulfer var. sphaeroidea = E. hirta
setulosa Benth. sphaeroidea Dulfer var. subterminalis (Klotzsch) Dulfer
E. solandra Andrews var. mollis Dulfer (33)
= E. hirta
sphenanthera Tausch = hort. hybrid (58)
sexfaria Bauer
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC splendens Andrews = E. tumida var. tumida

spumosa L. taylorii E.G.H.Oliv.

E. scariosa P.J.Bergius (3) E. oresigena Bolus var. mollipila Bolus (56)
squarrosa Salisb. tegetiformis E.G.H.Oliv. (29)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC E. senilis Klotzsch ex Benth. var. australis Dulfer (29)
steinbergiana H.L.Wendl. ex Klotzsch var. abbreviata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. WC
Bolus tegulifolia Salisb.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
steinbergiana H.L.Wendl. ex Klotzsch var. steinber- tenax L.Bolus = E. thomae
giana tenella Andrews var. gracilior Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
stenantha Klotzsch ex Benth. tenella Andrews var. tenella
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
stokoei L.Bolus tenuicaulis Klotzsch ex Benth.
stokoeanthus E.G.H.Oliv. tenuifolia L.
Stokoeanthus chionophilus E.G.H.Oliv., not E. chionophila Guthrie Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC
& Bolus (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. WC tenuipedicellata Compton = E. rubiginosa var. rubigi-
nosa
straminea J.C.Wendl. = hort. hybrid (60)
tenuipes Guthrie & Bolus
straussiana Gilg
E. symonsii L.Bolus (60) Perennial. Dwarf shrublet. Ht up to 0.1 m. WC
E. westii L.Bolus (4) tenuis Salisb.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.9 m. KZN, L Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC,
strigilifolia Salisb. var. rosea Bolus EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC terniflora E.G.H.Oliv.
Salaxis triflora Compton, not E. triflora L. (51)
strigilifolia Salisb. var. strigilifolia
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. WC
strigosa Sol. tetragona L.f.
stylaris Spreng. tetrathecoides Benth.
subcapitata (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. thamnoides E.G.H.Oliv.
Thamnus multiflorus Klotzsch, not E. multiflora L. (51)
Coccosperma forbesianum Klotzsch, superfluous name (51)
Coccosperma hexandrum (Klotzsch) Druce, not E. hexandra Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC, EC
(S.Moore) E.G.H.Oliv. (51) thimifolia J.C.Wendl.
Coccosperma subcapitatum N.E.Br. (51)
thodei Gilg = E. natalensis
subdivaricata P.J.Bergius
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. WC thodei Guthrie & Bolus
E. dykei Bolus (30)
subimbricata Compton = E. imbricata Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
subulata J.C.Wendl.
thomae L.Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC E. tenax L.Bolus (58)
subverticillaris Diels ex Guthrie & Bolus E. thomae L.Bolus var. brevisepala L.Bolus (58)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. M E. porteri Compton (58)
subverticillaris Diels ex Guthrie & Bolus var. revoluta
Bolus = E. revoluta thomae L.Bolus var. brevisepala L.Bolus = E. thomae
suffulta J.C.Wendl. ex Benth. thunbergii × E. sphaerocephala = E. ×flavisepala
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC thunbergii Montin var. celsiana (Lodd.) Benth.
sulcata Benth. = E. curviflora var. sulcata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
swaziensis E.G.H.Oliv. (30) thunbergii Montin var. thunbergii
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. S Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
symonsii L.Bolus = E. straussiana (60) tomentosa Salisb.
syngenesia Compton Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.7 m. WC toringbergensis H.A.Baker (18)
tarantulae E.G.H.Oliv. (35) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.3 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.16 m. WC totta Thunb
taxifolia Bauer Eremia totta (Thunb.) D.Don (51)

trachysantha Bolus Simocheilus pubescens Klotzsch, not E. pubescens L. (51)

Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC, EC
tradouwensis Compton umbelliflora Klotzsch ex Benth.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC E. ionii H.A.Baker (33)
E. manifesta Compton var. campanulata Dulfer (60)
tragulifera Salisb. E. manifesta Compton var. manifesta (33)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC E. media Klotzsch ex Benth. (60)
transparens P.J.Bergius Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC umbonata Compton = E. glandulipila
triceps Link umbratica E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. (59)
E. adunca Benth. (60) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.05 m. WC
umbrosa H.A.Baker = E. armata var. armata
trichadenia Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC unicolor J.C.Wendl. = E. viridescens var. viridescens
trichoclada Guthrie & Bolus unilateralis Klotzsch ex Benth.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. EC
trichophora Benth. urceolata (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv.
Scyphogyne burchellii N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC Scyphogyne puberula (Klotzsch) Benth. (51)
trichophylla Benth. Scyphogyne trimera N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. WC Scyphogyne urceolata (Klotzsch) Benth. (51)
Tristemon puberula Klotzsch (51)
trichostigma Salter Tristemon urceolatus Klotzsch (51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. WC
trichroma Benth. var. imbricata Bolus urna-viridis Bolus
trichroma Benth. var. trichroma ustulescens Guthrie & Bolus
triflora L. var. rosea Benth. utriculosa L.Bolus
triflora L. var. triflora uysii H.A.Baker (14)
tristis Bartl. valida H.A.Baker (10)
Philippia absinthoides (Thunb.) E.G.H.Oliv., not E. absinthoides L. (27) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC
Philippia chamissonis Klotzsch (27)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–3 m. WC vallis-aranearum E.G.H.Oliv. (17)
truncata L.Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC vallis-fluminis E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
tubercularis Salisb.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC vallis-gratiae Guthrie & Bolus
tumida Ker Gawl. var. minor Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC vanheurckii Müll.Arg.
tumida Ker Gawl. var. tumida
E. splendens Andrews, not of E. splendens J.C.Wendl. (4) varderi L.Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. EC
turbiniflora Salisb. var. aristata Bolus = E. capensis velatiflora E.G.H.Oliv.
turbiniflora Salisb. var. turbiniflora = E. capensis Eremia brevifolia Benth., not E. brevifolia Sol. ex Salisb. (51)
turgida Salisb.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC velitaris Salisb. var. hemisphaerica Bolus
turmalis Salisb. (insufficiently known) (33) Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
turrisbabylonica H.A.Baker (12) velitaris Salisb. var. parvibracteata L.Bolus
tysonii Bolus var. krookii Zahlbr. velitaris Salisb. var. velitaris
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
tysonii Bolus var. tysonii ventricosa Thunb. var. meyeriana Dulfer
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC
uberiflora E.G.H.Oliv. ventricosa Thunb. var. ventricosa
Simocheilus barbiger Klotzsch, not E. barbigera Salisb. (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub. Ht up to 0.5(–1) m. WC
Simocheilus carneus Klotzsch, not E. carnea L. (51)
Simocheilus multiflorus Klotzsch var. atherstonei N.E.Br. (51) venustiflora E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. glandulosa E.G.H.Oliv.
Simocheilus multiflorus Klotzsch var. multiflorus, not E. multiflora (51)
L. (51) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC

venustiflora E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. venustiflora viscaria L. subsp. macrosepala E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv.
Syndesmanthus venustus N.E.Br., not E. venusta Salisb. (51) E. longifolia Bauer var. viridis (Andrews) Bolus (58)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC E. onosmiflora Salisb. (58)
E. viridis Andrews (58)
verecunda Salisb. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. NC, WC viscaria L. subsp. pendula E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. (58)
vernicosa E.G.H.Oliv. (51) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC viscaria L. subsp. pustulata (H.A.Baker) E.G.H.Oliv &
versicolor Andrews. var. ciliata J.C.Wendl. I.M.Oliv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC E. longifolia Bauer var. breviflora Dulfer (58)
E. patersonii L.Bolus, not E. patersonii Andrews (58)
versicolor Andrews var. longiflora Andrews E. pustulata H.A.Baker (58)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC
versicolor Andrews var. monticola Bolus viscaria L. subsp. viscaria
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC E. decora Andrews (58)
E. viscaria L. var. decora Andrews (58)
versicolor Andrews var. versicolor E. viscaria L. var. viscaria (58)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
verticillata P.J.Bergius viscaria L. var. decora Andrews = E. viscaria subsp.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.8 m. WC viscaria
vestiflua Salisb. = E. melastoma subsp. melastoma viscaria L. var. hispida Bolus = E. viscaria subsp. gal-
vestita Thunb. lorum
E. longifolia Bauer var. amplicata Bolus (58) viscaria L. var. viscaria = E. viscaria subsp. viscaria
E. longifolia Bauer var. maritima Bolus (58) viscidiflora Esterh.
E. vestita Thunb. var. fulgida Andrews (58) E. calycina L. var. viscidiflora (Esterh.) Dulfer (4)
vestita Thunb. var. fulgida Andrews = E. vestita viscidula L.Bolus = E. hispidula var. viscidula
villosa J.C.Wendl. viscosissima E.G.H.Oliv.
Syndesmanthus viscosus (Bolus) N.E.Br., not E. viscosa Steud. (51)
viminalis E.G.H.Oliv. = E. salicina (60) vlokii E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
×vinacea L.Bolus = natural hybrid (26) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
virginalis Klotzsch ex Benth. vogelpoelii H.A.Baker (14)
viridescens Lodd. var. latituba (L.Bolus) Dulfer = E. curvi- walkeria Andrews var. praestans (Andrews) Bolus
flora Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? WC
viridescens Lodd. var. viridescens walkeria Andrews var. walkeria
E. unicolor J.C.Wendl. (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC
wendlandiana Klotzsch
viridiflora Andrews subsp. primulina (Bolus) E.G.H.Oliv. E. xerophila Bolus (60)
& I.M.Oliv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
E. primulina Bolus (58)
westii L.Bolus = E. straussiana
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. WC, EC
williamsiorum E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
viridiflora Andrews subsp. redacta E.G.H.Oliv. & I.M.Oliv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
(58)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. WC winteri H.A.Baker (18)
viridiflora Andrews subsp. viridiflora (58)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC wittebergensis Dulfer (3)
viridipurpurea L. = E. mauritanica
woodii Bolus var. woodii
viridis Andrews = E. viscaria L. subsp. macrosepala E. woodii Bolus var. rhodesiaca (Alm & Fr.) Dulfer (22)
viscaria L. subsp. gallorum (L.Bolus) E.G.H.Oliv. & Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. NW, G, M, S,
I.M.Oliv. FS, KZN, L, EC
E. coccinea P.J.Bergius var. echiiflora (Andrews) Benth. (58) woodii Bolus var. robusta Dulfer
E. echiiflora Andrews (58) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? LIM
E. echiiflora Andrews var. purpurea Andrews (58)
E. gallorum L.Bolus (58) wyliei Bolus
E. viscaria L. var. hispida Bolus (58) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.15 m. KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC xanthina Guthrie & Bolus
viscaria L. subsp. longifolia (Bauer) E.G.H.Oliv. & E. parvulisepala H.A.Baker (38, 52)
I.M.Oliv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. WC
E. longifolia Bauer var. longifolia (58) xeranthemifolia Salisb.
E. longifolia Bauer var. squarrosa Bolus (58) Acrostemon xeranthemifolius (Salisb.) E.G.H.Oliv. (51)
E. longifolia Bauer var. stricta Dulfer (58) Eremia lanata (Klotzsch) Benth. (51)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. WC Hexastemon lanatus Klotzsch (51)

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.25 m. WC pilifolia N.E.Br. = Erica plumosa

xerophila Bolus = E. wendlandiana plumosa Klotzsch var. scabra N.E.Br. = Erica plumosa
zebrensis Compton plumosa Klotzsch var. serrulata (Benth.) N.E.Br. = Erica
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. WC plumosa
zeyheriana (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv. plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. eciliata E.G.H.Oliv.
Coilostigma dregeanum Klotzsch (51) = Erica plumosa
Coilostigma tenuifolium Klotzsch (51)
Coilostigma zeyherianum Klotzsch var. tenuifolium (Klotzsch) plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. hirta (Klotzsch)
E.G.H.Oliv. (51) E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica plumosa
Coilostigma zeyherianum Klotzsch var. zeyherianum (51)
plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. hispida (Klotzsch)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. EC
E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica plumosa
zitzikammensis Dulfer var. glutinosa Dulfer
plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. irrorata E.G.H.Oliv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? WC, EC
= Erica plumosa
zitzikammensis Dulfer var. zitzikammensis
plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. pentheri (Klotzsch)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. WC, EC
E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica plumosa
zwartbergensis Bolus
plumosa (Thunb.) Klotzsch subsp. plumosa = Erica
plumosa
ERICINELLA Klotzsch 6241000 rigida N.E.Br. = Erica plumosa
hillburttii E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica hillburttii secundiflora E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica lateriflora
multiflora Klotzsch = Erica amatolensis serrulata Benth. = Erica plumosa
passerinoides Bolus = Erica passerinoides similis N.E.Br. = Erica eremioides subsp. eremioides
solivaga N.E.Br. = Erica plumosa
GRISEBACHIA Klotzsch 6243020 thunbergii Rach = Erica plumosa
alba N.E.Br. = Erica plumosa velleriflora Klotzsch = Erica plumosa
apiculata N.E.Br. = Erica plumosa zeyheriana Klotzsch = Erica plumosa
bolusii N.E.Br. = Erica plumosa
ciliaris (L.f.) Klotzsch subsp. bolusii (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. HEXASTEMON Klotzsch 6243060
= Erica plumosa lanatus Klotzsch = Erica xeranthemifolia
ciliaris (L.f.) Klotzsch subsp. ciliaris = Erica plumosa
ciliaris (L.f.) Klotzsch subsp. ciliciiflora (Salisb.) LAGENOCARPUS Klotzsch 6248030
E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica plumosa ciliatus (Benth.) N.E.Br. = Erica serrata
ciliaris (L.f.) Klotzsch subsp. involuta (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv. imbricatus Klotzsch = Erica serrata
= Erica plumosa
tenuis Benth. = Erica miniscula
ciliaris (L.f.) Klotzsch subsp. multiglandulosa E.G.H.Oliv.
= Erica plumosa LEPTERICA N.E.Br. 6245020
dregeana Benth. = Erica plumosa
tenuis (Benth.) N.E.Br. = Erica miniscula
eremioides MacOwan = Erica eremioides subsp.
eremioides NAGELOCARPUS Bullock 6248020
eremioides MacOwan var. eglandula N.E.Br. = Erica
eremioides subsp. eglandula ciliatus (Benth.) Bullock = Erica serrata
eremioides MacOwan var. pubicalyx N.E.Br. = Erica serratus (Thunb.) Bullock = Erica serrata
eremioides subsp. eremioides
OMPHALOCARYON Klotzsch 6248040
hirta Klotzsch = Erica plumosa
hispida Klotzsch = Erica plumosa capitatum Klotzsch = Erica phacelanthera
incana (Bartl.) Klotzsch = Erica plumosa glandulosum Klotzsch = Erica eglandulosa
involuta Klotzsch = Erica plumosa muscosum (Aiton) Klotzsch = Erica muscosa
minutiflora N.E.Br. subsp. minutiflora = Erica caprina muscosum (Aiton) Klotzsch var. glabrum Klotzsch =
minutiflora N.E.Br. subsp. nodiflora (N.E.Br.) E.G.H.Oliv. Erica muscosa
= Erica caprina
PACHYCALYX Klotzsch 6244050
nivenii N.E.Br. = Erica plumosa
parviflora (Klotzsch) Druce subsp. eglandula (N.E.Br.) inaequalis Klotzsch = Erica inaequalis
E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica eremioides subsp. eglandula
PHILIPPIA Klotzsch 6240000
parviflora (Klotzsch) Druce subsp. parviflora = Erica
eremioides subsp. eremioides absinthoides (Thunb.) E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica tristis
parviflora (Klotzsch) Druce subsp. pubescens E.G.H.Oliv. alticola E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica altiphila
= Erica eremioides subsp. pubescens chamissonis Klotzsch = Erica tristis
pentheri Zahlbr. = Erica plumosa drakensbergensis E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica dracomontana

elsieana E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica elsieana inconspicua Decne. var. ciliata N.E.Br. = Erica muscosa
esterhuyseniae E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. esterhuyseniae = Erica inconspicua Decne. var. glabriflora N.E.Br. = Erica mus-
esteriana subsp. esteriana cosa
esterhuyseniae E.G.H.Oliv. subsp. swartbergensis inconspicua Decne. var. inconspicua = Erica muscosa
E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica esteriana subsp. swartber- inconspicua Decne. var. pubescens N.E.Br. = Erica mus-
gensis cosa
evansii N.E.Br. = Erica evansii inconspicua Decne. var. vestita N.E.Br. = Erica muscosa
irrorata E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica madida longistyla N.E.Br. = Erica rigidula
leeana Klotzsch = Erica exleeana micrantha (Benth.) N.E.Br. = Erica artemisioides
notholeeana E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica notholeeana muscosa (Aiton) Druce = Erica muscosa
pallida L.Guthrie = Erica peltata orientalis E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica melanomontana
petrophila E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica petricola puberula (Klotzsch) Benth. = Erica urceolata
procaviana E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica procaviana remota N.E.Br. = Erica remota
simii S.Moore = Erica simii rigidula N.E.Br. = Erica rigidula
stokoei L.Guthrie = Erica lasciva rigidula N.E.Br. var. breviciliata N.E.Br. = Erica rigidula
tristis Bolus = Erica caespitosa schlechteri N.E.Br. = Erica muscosa
PLATYCALYX N.E.Br. 6243010 tenuis (Benth.) E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica miniscula
trimera N.E.Br. = Erica urceolata
pumila N.E.Br. = Erica platycalyx
urceolata (Klotzsch) Benth. = Erica urceolata
SALAXIS Salisb. 6248000 viscida N.E.Br. = Erica phacelanthera
artemisioides Klotzsch = Erica artemisioides SIMOCHEILUS Klotzsch 6244000
axillaris (Thunb.) G.Don = Erica axillaris
acutangulus N.E.Br. = Erica glabella subsp. laevis
ciliata Benth. = Erica serrata
albirameus N.E.Br. = Erica inaequalis
flexuosa Klotzsch = Erica axillaris
barbiger Klotzsch, = Erica uberiflora
flexuosa Klotzsch var. cognata N.E.Br. = Erica axillaris
bicolor (Klotzsch) Benth. = Erica inaequalis
hexandra Klotzsch in part = Erica axillaris
carneus Klotzsch, not of E. carnea L. = Erica uberiflora
hexandra Klotzsch in part = Erica subcapitata
consors N.E.Br. = Erica globiceps subsp. consors
major N.E.Br. = Erica axillaris
depressus (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Benth. var. depres-
micrantha Benth. = Erica artemisioides sus = Erica glabella subsp. glabella
octandra Klotzsch = Erica axillaris depressus (Licht. ex Roem. & Schult.) Benth. var. patens
octandra Klotzsch var. artemisioides (Klotzsch) N.E.Br. N.E.Br. = Erica glabella subsp. glabella
= Erica artemisioides dispar N.E.Br. = Erica dispar
puberula Klotzsch = Erica axillaris ecklonianus Benth., illegitimate name = Erica inaequalis
pumila N.E.Br. = Erica bredasiana fourcadei (L.Guthrie) E.G.H.Oliv = Erica angulosa
rugosa (Klotzsch) Benth. = Erica rugata glabellus (Thunb.) Benth. = Erica glabella subsp. glabella
sieberi Benth. = Erica axillaris glaber (Thunb.) Benth = Erica inaequalis
triflora Compton = Erica terniflora globiferus N.E.Br. = Erica glabella subsp. laevis
SCYPHOGYNE Brongn. 6246020 hirsutus Benth. = Erica glabella subsp. laevis
biconvexa N.E.Br. = Erica rigidula hirtus (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica glabella subsp.
laevis
brevifolia Benth = Erica phacelanthera
brownii Compton = Erica rigidula hispidus (Klotzsch) Benth. = Erica inaequalis
burchellii N.E.Br. = Erica urceolata klotzschianus Benth. var. glabrifolius N.E.Br. = Erica
inaequalis
calcicola E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica calcicola
capitata (Klotzsch) Benth. var. brevifolia (Benth.) N.E.Br. klotzschianus Benth. var. klotzschianus = Erica inaequalis
= Erica phacelanthera multiflorus Klotzsch var. atherstonei N.E.Br. = Erica
capitata (Klotzsch) Benth. var. capitata = Erica phace- uberiflora
lanthera multiflorus Klotzsch var. multiflorus = Erica uberiflora
divaricata (Klotzsch) Benth. = Erica rigidula oblongus Benth = Erica dregei
eglandulosa (Klotzsch) Benth. = Erica eglandulosa patulus N.E.Br. = Erica glabella subsp. laevis
fasciculata Benth. = Erica eglandulosa piquetbergensis N.E.Br. = Erica piquetbergensis
glandulifera N.E.Br. = Erica rigidula puberulus (Klotzsch) E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica inaequalis
ERICACEAE Philippia DICOTYLEDONS

pubescens Klotzsch = Erica uberiflora globiceps N.E.Br. = Erica globiceps subsp. globiceps
purpureus (P.J.Bergius) Druce = Erica glabella subsp. gracilis (Benth.) N.E.Br. = Erica globiceps subsp. gracilis
glabella nivenii N.E.Br. = Erica niveniana
quadrisulcus N.E.Br., name rejected = Erica phaeocarpa paucifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Benth. = Erica paucifolia
submuticus Benth. = Erica glabella subsp. laevis subsp. paucifolia
subrigidus N.E.Br. = Erica glabella subsp. laevis pulchellus N.E.Br. = Erica pulchelliflora
pumilus N.E.Br. = Erica innovans
STOKOEANTHUS E.G.H.Oliv. 6242010
scaber Klotzsch = Erica similis
chionophilus E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica stokoeanthus schlechteri N.E.Br. = Erica agglutinans
SYMPIEZA Licht. ex Roem. & 6245000 similis N.E.Br. = Erica similis
Schult. squarrosus Benth. = Erica paucifolia subsp. squarrosa
articulata in sense of N.E.Br. var. articulata = Erica sympeizoides N.E.Br. = Erica globiceps subsp. globiceps
labialis venustus N.E.Br. = Erica venustiflora subsp. venustiflora
articulata in sense of N.E.Br. var. hians N.E.Br. = Erica viscosus (Bolus) N.E.Br. = Erica viscosissima
labialis zeyheri Bolus = Erica globiceps subsp. globiceps
brachyphylla Benth. = Erica labialis
breviflora N.E.Br. = Erica labialis THAMNIUM Klotzsch 6237030
capitellata Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. var. angustata puberulum Klotzsch = Erica puberuliflora
N.E.Br. = Erica labialis
capitellata Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. var. capitellata = THAMNUS Klotzsch 6246010
Erica labialis multiflorus Klotzsch = Erica thamnoides
capitellata Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. var. crassistigma
N.E.Br. = Erica labialis THORACOSPERMA Klotzsch 6244030
eckloniana Klotzsch = Erica ecklonii bondiae Compton = Erica rosacea subsp. rosacea
gracilis (Bartl.) E.G.H.Oliv. = Erica benthamiana fourcadei Compton = Erica rosacea subsp. rosacea
labialis (Salisb.) Druce = Erica labialis galpinii N.E.Br. = Erica rosacea subsp. rosacea
pallescens N.E.Br. = Erica labialis interruptum N.E.Br. = Erica interrupta
tenuiflora Benth. = Erica labialis marlothii N.E.Br. = Erica rosacea subsp. glabrata
vestita N.E.Br. = Erica labialis muirii L.Guthrie = Erica radicans subsp. radicans
nanum N.E.Br. = Erica bolusanthus
SYNDESMANTHUS Klotzsch 6244010
paniculatum (Thunb.) Klotzsch = Erica quadrifida
articulatus (L.) Klotzsch var. articulatus = Erica similis puberulum (Klotzsch) N.E.Br. = Erica puberuliflora
articulatus (L.) Klotzsch var. fasciculatus N.E.Br. = radicans L.Guthrie = Erica radicans subsp. radicans
Erica similis
rosaceum L.Guthrie = Erica rosacea subsp. rosacea
articulatus (L.) Klotzsch var. hirtus Benth. = Erica similis
viscidum L.Guthrie = Erica interrupta
breviflorus N.E.Br. = Erica brownii
ciliatus (Klotzsch) Benth. = Erica paucifolia subsp. ciliata TRISTEMON Klotzsch 6248050
elimensis N.E.Br. var. elimensis = Erica similis puberula Klotzsch = Erica urceolata
elimensis N.E.Br. var. incertus N.E.Br. = Erica similis urceolatus Klotzsch = Erica urceolata
erinus (Klotzsch ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. erinus = Erica
erina VACCINIUM L. 6216000
erinus (Klotzsch ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. validus N.E.Br. (1) Verdoorn. 1954. Journal of South African Botany 20: 92.
= Erica erina exul Bolus
fasciculatus Klotzsch = Erica similis Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.9–4 m. M, S
ERYTHROXYLACEAE
ERYTHROXYLUM P.Browne 3956000 brownianum Burtt Davy = E. delagoense

(1) Sonder. 1860. FC 1: 233, 234. caffrum Sond. = E. emarginatum
(2) Robson. 1963. FZ 2: 102–109.
(3) Robson & Gonçalves. 1969. Flora de Moçambique 31: 2–9. capense (Bolus) Stapf = Nectaropetalum capense
DICOTYLEDONS ERICACEAE Simocheilus

delagoense Schinz Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–7 m. Alt 300–915 m. N, B

E. brownianum Burtt Davy (2)
zuluense Schönland = Nectaropetalum zuluense
LIM, M, S, KZN
NECTAROPETALUM Engl. 3956010
emarginatum Thonn. (1) Stapf & Boodle. 1909. Kew Bulletin 1909: 188–191.
E. caffrum Sond. (2) (2) Corbishley. 1919. Kew Bulletin 1919: 449, 450.
capense (Bolus) Stapf & Boodle
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Erythroxylum capense (Bolus) Stapf (1)
pictum E.Mey. ex Sond. Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 10–200 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–18 m. Alt 5–300 m. zuluense (Schönland) Corbishley
KZN, EC Erythroxylum zuluense Schönland (2)
zambesiacum N.Robson Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–12 m. Alt 155–460 m. KZN
ESCALLONIACEAE
CHORISTYLIS Harv. 3241000 Baeobotrys rufescens E.Mey. (1)

(1) Harvey. 1862. FC 2: 305–309. Maesa palustris Hochst. (1)
(2) Verdcourt. 1973. FTEA Escalloniaceae: 1–3. Perennial. Tree, shrub or climber. Ht 3–4 m. Alt 460–
rhamnoides Harv. 1980 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
EUPHORBIACEAE
Note: RbcL gene sequence data suggest that several families, e.g. Euphorbiaceae, Phyllanthaceae and Picrodendraceae,
belong in ± two unrelated clades.
ACALYPHA L. 4407000 crenata Hochst. ex A.Rich.

(1) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 466–484. Perennial, annual. Herb, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1.2 m.
(2) Pax. 1923. Das Pflanzenreich 85: 1–231. Alt ± 1060 m. B
(3) Meyer. 1967. FSWA 67: 1–46. decumbens Thunb. = A. capensis
(4) Radcliffe-Smith.1987. FTEA Euphorbiaceae: 185–213.
(5) Radcliffe-Smith. 1989. Kew Bulletin. 44: 439–447. decumbens Thunb. var. villosa (Thunb.) Müll.Arg. = A.
(6) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 182–210. capensis
(7) Retief. Personal communication.
depressinerva (Kuntze) K.Schum.
allenii Hutch. A. schinzii Pax (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.5(–0.9) m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt 460–
± 750 m. B 1920 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
ambigua Pax ecklonii Baill.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 1200– Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 5–1524 m. KZN,
1400 m. N WC, EC
angustata Sond. entumenica Prain = A. glandulifolia
A. angustata Sond. var. glabra Sond. (2)
fimbriata Schumach. & Thonn.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 70– Annual, perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.3 m. Alt 700–1370
2080 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC m. N, LIM
angustata Sond. var. glabra Sond. = A. angustata fruticosa Forssk. var. fruticosa
capensis (L.f.) Prain & Hutch. A. chrysadenia Suess. & Friedrich (3)
A. decumbens Thunb. (2) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt 275–
A. decumbens Thunb. var. villosa (Thunb.) Müll.Arg. (2) 1350 m. N
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 5–305 m. WC, EC
glabrata Thunb. var. glabrata
caperonioides Baill. A. glabrata Thunb. var. latifolia Müll.Arg. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 455– Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 5–1400 m.
2550 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
chrysadenia Suess. & Friedrich = A. fruticosa var. fruticosa glabrata Thunb. var. latifolia Müll.Arg. = A. glabrata var.
ciliata Forssk. glabrata
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.3 m. Alt 520–960 m. N, B, glabrata Thunb. var. pilosa Pax
LIM A. glabrata Thunb. var. pilosior (Kuntze) Prain (6)
ERYTHROXYLACEAE Erythroxylum DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–6 m. Alt 305–1525 m. mercurialis Turcz. = A. acuta

B, LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, EC ovalifolia Turcz. = A. pauciflora
glabrata Thunb. var. pilosior (Kuntze) Prain = A. glabrata ovalifolia Turcz. var. rotundifolia Prain = A. pauciflora
var. pilosa
pauciflora Turcz.
glandulifolia Buchinger ex Meisn. A. bupleuroides (Meisn.) Prain (1)
A. entumenica Prain (7) A. bupleuroides (Meisn.) Prain var. peglerae Prain (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.23 m. Alt 120– A. humilis Prain in part (1)
1675 m. M, S, KZN A. ovalifolia Turcz. (1)
A. ovalifolia Turcz. var. rotundifolia Prain (1)
indica L. A. serrata (Sond.) Turcz. in part (1)
Annual, perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2– A. sessiliflora Baill. (1)
1.2 m. Alt 60–1160 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, A. sessilifolia Turcz. (1)
A. stricta Prain (1)
KZN, NW, EC
moggii Compton = A. ornata 2100 m. M, FS, KZN, WC, EC
ornata Hochst. ex A.Rich. procumbens Benth. ex Pax = A. violifolia
A. moggii Compton (5)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht ± 2.5 m. Alt 765– serrata (Sond.) Turcz. in part = A. pauciflora
1920 m. N, B, M, S sessiliflora Baill. = A. pauciflora
peduncularis E.Mey. ex Meisn. sessilifolia Turcz. = A. pauciflora
A. zeyheri Baill. (1)
stricta Prain = A. pauciflora
2000 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC violifolia (Kuntze) Prain
A. procumbens Benth. ex Pax (1)
petiolaris Hochst. = A. villicaulis Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 140–650 m. WC,
pubiflora Baill. subsp. pubiflora EC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–3(–6) m. Alt? B, LIM
punctata Meisn. var. punctata ALCHORNEA Sw. 4388000
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 10– (1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1987. FTEA Euphorbiaceae 1: 251–260.
2000 m. M, S, KZN, L, EC (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 151–156.
punctata Meisn. var. rogersii Prain glabrata Müll.Arg. = A. hirtella forma glabrata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt ?– hirtella Benth. forma glabrata (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
1500 m. M, S A. glabrata Müll.Arg. (1)
schinzii Pax = A. depressinerva
M, KZN
segetalis Müll.Arg.
laxiflora (Benth.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
Perennial, annual. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.02–0.55 m.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.7–3(–5) m. Alt 30–576 m.
Alt 380–1525 m. N, B, LIM, NW, FS, KZN, NC
LIM, S
senensis Klotzsch = A. villicaulis
sonderiana Müll.Arg. *ALEURITES J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. 4428000
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 3–460 m. KZN (1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 299–301.
(2) Stuppy et al. 1999. Blumea 44: 73–98.
villicaulis Hochst.
A. petiolaris Hochst. (5) fordii Hemsl. = Vernicia fordii
A. senensis Klotzsch (3)
moluccana (L.) Willd.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt Perennial. Tree. Ht 9–21 m. Alt 500–915 m. M, S, KZN
5–1636 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
montana (Lour.) Wilson = Vernicia montana
wilmsii Pax ex Prain & Hutch.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.06–1 m. Alt ANDRACHNE L. 4286000
765–2150 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
(1) Hutchinson. 1920. FC 5,2: 385, 386.
zeyheri Baill. = A. peduncularis (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 27–29.
ovalis (Sond.) Müll.Arg.
ADENOCLINE Turcz. 4370000 Clutia ovalis (Sond.) Scheele, not Clutia ovalis Sond. (1)
(1) Pax. 1914. Das Pflanzenreich 63: 409–413. Phyllanthus ovalis Sond. (1)
(2) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 488–494. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–3(–6) m. Alt 275–1980
(3) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 247–249.
(4) Retief. Personal communication. m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
acuta (Thunb.) Baill. ANDROSTACHYS Prain 4345010
A. mercurialis Turcz. (1)
(1) Hutchinson. 1915. FC 5,2: 377.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 3–2500 (2) Airy Shaw. 1965. Kew Bulletin 18: 251.
m. LIM, M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC (3) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 120–123.
bupleuroides (Meisn.) Prain = A. pauciflora johnsonii Prain
bupleuroides (Meisn.) Prain var. peglerae Prain = A. A. subpeltatis (Sim) E.Phillips (3)
pauciflora Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–20 m. Alt 106–1066 m. LIM, M, S
humilis Prain in part = A. pauciflora subpeltatis (Sim) E.Phillips = A. johnsonii
DICOTYLEDONS EUPHORBIACEAE Acalypha

ANTIDESMA L. 4327000 depauperatus Pax & K.Hoffm. = C. mollis

(1) Ross. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: t. 1795. mollis Klotzsch
(2) Léonard. 1987. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de C. depauperatus Pax & K.Hoffm. (1)
Belgique 57: 453–460. C. pueschelii Pax (1)
(3) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 105–110. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–1.4(–3.6)
rufescens Tul. m. Alt 25–1100 m. N, B, LIM, M, KZN
A. venosum of most authors, not of E.Mey. ex Tul., misapplied name (2)
pueschelii Pax = C. mollis
venosum E.Mey. ex Tul. CHAMAESYCE Gray 4498010
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.55–8 m. Alt 7–1220 m. N, chamaesycoides (B.Nord.) Koutnik = Euphorbia cha-
B, LIM, M, S, KZN, EC maesycoides
venosum of most authors, not of E.Mey. ex Tul., misap- eylesii (Rendle) Koutnik = Euphorbia eylesii
plied name = A. rufescens
glanduligera (Pax) Koutnik = Euphorbia glanduligera
BRIDELIA Willd. 4345000 hirta (L.) Millsp. = Euphorbia hirta
(1) Léonard. 1962. Flore du Congo et du Rwanda-Burundi 8,1: 27–50. hypericifolia of most authors, not of Millsp. = Euphor-
(2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 12–27. bia indica
cathartica Bertol.f. subsp. cathartica inaequilatera (Sond.) Soják = Euphorbia inaequilatera
B. schlechteri Hutch. (2) var. inaequilatera
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 5–345 m. KZN livida (E.Mey. ex Boiss.) Koutnik = Euphorbia livida
cathartica Bertol.f. subsp. melanthesoides (Baill.) mossambicensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Koutnik = Euphor-
J.Léonard var. lingelsheimii (Gehrm.) Radcl.-Sm. bia mossambicensis
forma fischeri (Pax) Radcl.-Sm.
neopolycnemoides (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Koutnik = Euphor-
bia neopolycnemoides
cathartica Bertol.f. subsp. melanthesoides (Baill.) pergracilis (P.G.Mey.) Koutnik = Euphorbia pergra-
J.Léonard var. lingelsheimii (Gehrm.) Radcl.-Sm. cilis
forma niedenzui (Gehrm.) Radcl.-Sm.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 470–915 m. B prostrata (Aiton) Small = Euphorbia prostrata
serpens (Kunth) Small = Euphorbia serpens
cathartica Bertol.f. subsp. melanthesoides (Baill.)
J.Léonard var. melanthesoides (Baill.) Radcl.- tettensis (Klotzsch) Koutnik = Euphorbia tettensis
Sm. forma melanthesoides (Baill.) Radcl.-Sm. zambesiana (Benth.) Koutnik var. zambesiana = Euphor-
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 5–915 m. N, B, LIM, bia zambesiana var. zambesiana
M, S, KZN
CHROZOPHORA Neck. ex A.Juss. 4355000
micrantha (Hochst.) Baill.
(1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1987. FTEA Euphorbiaceae: 160–163.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–20 m. Alt 300–1830 m. (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 141–143.
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
plicata (Vahl) A.Juss. ex Spreng.
mollis Hutch. Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt ± 215 m.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–9 m. Alt 109–1525 m. LIM
N, B, LIM, G, M
schlechteri Hutch. = B. cathartica subsp. cathartica CLEISTANTHUS Hook.f. ex 4343000
tenuifolia Müll.Arg. Planch.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–9 m. Alt 1100–1450 m. N (1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1987. FTEA Euphorbiaceae: 130–134.
CAPERONIA A.St.-Hil. 4361000 holtzii Pax = C. schlechteri var. schlechteri
schlechteri (Pax) Hutch. var. schlechteri
fistulosa Beille C. holtzii Pax (1)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 900– Securinega schlechteri Pax (1)
1030 m. N, B Perennial. Tree. Ht 4.5–18 m. Alt 30–120 m. LIM, M,
KZN
stuhlmannii Pax
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1(–1.8) m. Alt CLUTIA L. 4448000
200–1450 m. LIM, S, KZN (1) Pax. 1911. Das Pflanzenreich 47: 50–83.
(2) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 427–456.
CAVACOA J.Léonard 4353020 (3) Meyer. 1967. FSWA 67: 1–46.
(1) Léonard. 1955. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l’État Bruxelles (4) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No.
25: 320–324. 39: 219–227.
(2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 304, 305. (5) Radcliffe-Smith. 1987. FTEA Euphorbiaceae: 331–340.
aurea (Cavaco) J.Léonard (6) Hilliard & Burtt. 1989. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
Grossera aurea Cavaco (1) Edinburgh 45: 187.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–13 m. Alt 25–350 m. KZN (8) Radcliffe-Smith. 1997. Kew Bulletin 52: 478.
(9) Archer. Personal communication.
CEPHALOCROTON Hochst. 4439000
(1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1973. Kew Bulletin 28: 123–132. abyssinica Jaub. & Spach var. abyssinica
(2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 149–151. C. glabrescens Knauf ex Pax (7)
EUPHORBIACEAE Antidesma DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.7–5 m. Alt 107–1525 m. katharinae Pax

KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.4 m. Alt 540–2670 m.
affinis Sond. KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 60–2135 m. LIM, laxa Eckl. ex Sond.
G, M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt 10–2200 m. M,
africana Poir. S, KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt ?–420 m. WC marginata E.Mey. ex Sond.
alaternoides L. var. alaternoides Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 320–975 m. WC,
1900 m. NC, WC, EC monticola S.Moore var. monticola
alaternoides L. var. angustifolia E.Mey. ex Sond. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.65 m. Alt 60–
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–3 m. Alt 549–765 m. WC 1998 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
alaternoides L. var. brevifolia E.Mey. ex Sond. nana Prain
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–3 m. Alt 155–1450 m. WC, EC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1.2 m. Alt 2000–
3170 m. KZN, L, EC
alpina Prain
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ± 3100 natalensis Bernh.
m. EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 518–2360 m.
LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
brevifolia Sond. = C. polifolia
ovalis Sond. (Uncertain taxon)
cordata Bernh.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
1500 m. KZN, EC ovalis (Sond.) Scheele, not Clutia ovalis Sond. = Andrachne
ovalis
crassifolia Pax = C. thunbergii
platyphylla Pax & K.Hoffm.
daphnoides Lam. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ± 835
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 5–1890 m. WC, EC m. EC
disceptata Prain polifolia Jacq.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 9– C. brevifolia Sond. (1)
1675 m. KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 30–1845 m. NC,
dregeana Scheele WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 365–1035 m. EC polygonoides L.
ericoides Thunb. var. ericoides Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 140–
1680 m. WC, EC pterogona Müll.Arg.
ericoides Thunb. var. pachyphylla Prain Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.3 m. Alt 125–819 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 10– pubescens Thunb.
1680 m. WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 150–730 m.
ericoides Thunb. var. tenuis Sond. WC, EC
C. tenuifolia Willd. (2) pulchella L. var. franksiae Prain
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 10– Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 50–500 m.
1680 m. WC KZN
galpinii Pax = C. pulchella var. pulchella pulchella L. var. obtusata Sond.
glabrescens Knauf ex Pax = C. abyssinica var. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt ?–1677 m. B, G, FS,
abyssinica KZN, L, EC
govaertsii Radcliffe-Sm. pulchella L. var. pulchella
C. vaccinioides (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Prain (8) C. galpinii Pax (5, 9)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 5–250 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.01–2.5 m.
heterophylla Thunb. Alt 5–2090 m. B, LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L,
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt WC, EC
45–1524 m. EC rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond.
C. rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. var. grandifolia Prain (9)
hirsuta (Sond.) Müll.Arg. var. hirsuta C. rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. var. microphylla Prain (9)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1.2 m. Alt 395– C. rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. var. tenuifolia Prain (9)
2000 m. G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 15–2315 m.
hirsuta (Sond.) Müll.Arg. var. robusta Prain WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 100– rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. var. grandifolia Prain = C.
550 m. KZN, EC rubricaulis
imbricata E.Mey. ex Sond. rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. var. microphylla Prain = C.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt ?–520 m. NC, WC rubricaulis
impedita Prain rubricaulis Eckl. ex Sond. var. tenuifolia Prain = C.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.8 m. Alt ?–2135 m. EC rubricaulis
DICOTYLEDONS EUPHORBIACEAE Clutia

sericea Müll.Arg. sylvaticus Hochst.

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 50–200 Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–21 m. Alt 10–1980 m.
m. WC LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
tenuifolia Willd. = C. ericoides var. tenuis. zambesicus Müll.Arg. = C. gratissimus var. gratis-
thunbergii Sond. simus
C. crassifolia Pax (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 759–2116 CTENOMERIA Harv. 4416010
m. N, NC, WC (1) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 500–502.
(2) Radcliffe-Smith 1996. FZ 9,74: 238.
tomentosa L. (3) Retief. Personal communication.
WC capensis (Thunb.) Harv. ex Sond.
C. cordata Harv. (3)
vaccinioides (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Prain = C. govaertsii C. schlechteri (Pax) Prain (3)
virgata Pax & K.Hoffm. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb, climber. Ht 1–2
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 80– m. Alt 10–1370 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
2075 m. M, S, KZN, EC cordata Harv. = C. capensis
CROTON L. 4348000 schlechteri (Pax) Prain = C. capensis
the Transvaal with Swaziland, South Africa Part 2: 301.
CYCLOSTEMON Blume 4308000
(2) Coates Palgrave. 1977. Trees of southern Africa: 415–420. argutus Müll.Arg. = Drypetes arguta
(4) Radcliffe-Smith. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum: 319–323. natalensis Harv. = Drypetes natalensis var. natalensis
*bonplandianus Baill. DALECHAMPIA L. 4422000
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.7–1 m. Alt ?–50 m. KZN
(1) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2 : 497–500.
gratissimus Burch. var. gratissimus (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 238–242.
C. microbotryus Pax (3)
C. zambesicus Müll.Arg. (3) capensis A.Spreng.
D. kirkii Prain (2)
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC
B?, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, EC
gratissimus Burch. var. subgratissimus (Prain) Burtt
galpinii Pax
Davy
C. subgratissimus Prain (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.7–2 m. Alt
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–14 m. Alt 410–1525 m. 45–975 m. B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN
N, B, LIM, NW, M kirkii Prain = D. capensis
gubouga S.Moore = C. megalobotrys scandens L. var. cordofana (Webb) Müll.Arg.
leuconeurus Pax subsp. leuconeurus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herbaceous climber. Ht 0.4–3
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–15 m. Alt ± 710 m. B m. Alt? N, S
longipedicellatus J.Léonard subsp. longipedicellatus scandens L. var. natalensis (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm.
D. volubilis E.Mey. ex Baill. (2)
Perennial. Lax tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–4.5 m. Alt ± 710
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herbaceous climber. Ht 1–2.5
m. B
m. Alt 3–490 m. KZN
madandensis S.Moore
volubilis E.Mey. ex Baill. = D. scandens var. natalensis
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt 197–460 m. M,
S
DISCOCARPUS Klotzsch 4292000
megalobotrys Müll.Arg.
C. gubouga S.Moore (3) hirtus (L.f.) Pax & K.Hoffm. = Lachnostylis hirta
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–14 m. Alt 273–1310 m. N, B,
LIM, M DRYPETES Vahl 4309000
(1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1976. Kew Bulletin 32: 475–479.
menyharthii Pax (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1987. FTEA Euphorbiaceae: 88–101.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 30–1000 m. N, (3) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ. 9,4: 87–93.
B, LIM, M, S, KZN
arguta (Müll.Arg.) Hutch.
microbotryus Pax = C. gratissimus var. gratissimus Cyclostemon argutus Müll.Arg.
pseudopulchellus Pax Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–8 m. Alt 10–700 m. S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.7–3.5 m. Alt 5–1216 m. gerrardii Hutch. var. gerrardii
LIM, M, S, KZN Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.2–20 m. Alt 5–1370 m. LIM, M,
rivularis Müll.Arg. S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 5–1128 m. EC gerrardii Hutch. var. tomentosa Radcl.-Sm.
steenkampianus Gerstner Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.2–20 m. Alt 5–1370 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–3.5(–7) m. Alt 90–610 m. mossambicensis Hutch.
LIM, M, KZN Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–20 m. Alt? LIM
subgratissimus Prain = C. gratissimus var. subgratis- natalensis (Harv.) Hutch. var. natalensis
simus Cyclostemon natalensis Harv. (3)
EUPHORBIACEAE Clutia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–15 m. Alt 5–90 m. KZN (39) Bruyns. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 129, 130.
(40) Leach & Williamson. 1990. South African Journal of Botany. 56:
reticulata Pax 71–78.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 15–520 m. LIM, KZN (41) Williamson. 1995. Cactus and Succulent Journal (US) 67: 284–287.
(42) Marx. 1996. Cactus and Succulent Journal (US) 68: 311–314.
*EREMOCARPUS Benth. 4351000 (43) Williamson. 1996. Euphorbia Journal 10: 98–133.
(44) Archer. 1997. Bothalia 27: 91–96.
(1) Radcliffe-Smith. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum: 324, 325.
(45) Rowley. 1998. The Euphorbiaceae Study Group Bulletin 11: 93–98.
setigerus (Hook.) Benth. (46) Archer. 1998. South African Journal of Botany 64: 258–260.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–150 m. (47) Carter. 1999. Kew Bulletin 54: 959–965.
(48) Marx. 1999. The Euphorbiaceae Study Group Bulletin 11: 13–34.
WC (49) Marx. 1999. Cactus and Succulent Journal (US) 71: 33–40.
(50) Archer et al. 2001. Flowering Plants of Africa 57: 86–90; t. 2176.
ERYTHROCOCCA Benth. 4368000 (51) Carter. 2001. FZ 9,5: 339–433.
(1) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 459, 460. (52) Steinmann & Porter. 2002. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
(2) Meyer. 1967. FSWA 67: 1–46. 89: 453–490.
(3) Radcliffe-Smith. 1989. Kew Bulletin 44: 450, 451. (53) Carter & Archer. Personal communication.
aequoris N.E.Br.
berberidea Prain Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.22 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–3 m. Alt 10–765 m. KZN, EC Alt 366–1405 m. FS, NC, WC, EC
menyharthii (Pax) Prain aeruginosa Schweick.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–3 m. Alt 333–1476 m. N, B, Perennial. Succulent shrub. Ht 0.1–0.36 m. Alt 305–
LIM, M, S, KZN 885 m. LIM
natalensis Prain aggregata A.Berger var. aggregata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–3 m. Alt 120–825 m. S, KZN Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 945–
trichogyne (Müll.Arg.) Prain var. trichogyne 1570 m. FS, EC
Perennial. Shrub, tree. Ht 1.2–6 m. Alt 120–825 m. B, aggregata A.Berger var. alternicolor (N.E.Br.) A.C.
LIM, S White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane
E. alternicolor N.E.Br. (18)
EUPHORBIA L. 4498000 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.07–0.1 m. Alt ± 1500
(1) Brown. 1911, 1912. FTA 6,1: 470–603. m. EC
(2) Brown. 1915. FC 5,2: 222–375.
(3) Phillips. 1924. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 4: t. 157. albanica N.E.Br.
(4) Phillips. 1925. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 5: t. 197. Perennial. Herb, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt ±
(5) Phillips. 1926. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 6: tt. 209, 218. 750 m. EC
(6) Phillips. 1928. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 8: tt. 285,
288, 292. albertensis N.E.Br.
(7) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: tt. 344, Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt
348, 350. 1450–1550 m. NC
(9) Phillips. 1932. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 12: t. 459. albipollinifera L.C.Leach
(10) Schweickerdt & Letty. 1933. The Flowering Plants of South Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt
Africa 13: t. 486. 550–715 m. EC
(11) Letty. 1934. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 14: t. 521.
(12) Phillips. 1934. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 14: tt. albovillosa Pax = E. gueinzii var. albovillosa
522–528. alternicolor N.E.Br. = E. aggregata var. alternicolor
(14) Dyer. 1937. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 17: tt. amarifontana N.E.Br.
641–649, 660. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt ± 550 m.
(15) Dyer. 1938. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 18: tt. 713–716.
NC
(17) Dyer. 1940. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 20: tt. 772, angrae N.E.Br.
775, 778, 788, 789. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt
(18) White et al. 1941. The Succulent Euphorbieae. Vols. 1 & 2: 1–990.
(19) Dyer. 1942. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 22: tt. 863, 877. 5–152 m. N
(20) Dyer. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: t. 886. angularis of most authors, not of Klotzsch = E. cooperi
(21) Dyer. 1947. The Flowering Plants of Africa 26: t. 1025. var. cooperi
(23) Nel. 1950. Desert Plant Life 22: 15–16. anomala Pax = E. pfeilii
anoplia Stapf
(26) Meyer. 1967. FSWA 67: 1–46. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 50–100
(27) Dyer. 1974. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1687. m. EC
(28) Leach. 1976. Dinteria 12: 1–35.
antunesii Pax = Tavaresia barklyi
(30) Leach. 1981. Journal of South African Botany 47: 103–107, 807–811. arceuthobioides Boiss.
(31) Leach 1982. Dinteria 16: 27–31. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.45
(32) Leach. 1984. Journal of South African Botany 50: 563–568.
(33) Koutnik. 1984. South African Journal of Botany 3: 262, 263.
m. Alt 5–475 m. WC
(34) Leach. 1985. South African Journal of Botany 51: 281–283. argillicola Dinter = E. namibensis
(35) Leach. 1986. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1927.
(36) Leach. 1986. South African Journal of Botany 52: 10–12, 369–371. arida N.E.Br.
(37) Carter. 1988. FTEA Euphorbiaceae (part 2): 409–533. Perennial. Dwarf succulent. Ht 0.02–0.05 m. Alt ?–1640
(38) Leach. 1988. South African Journal of Botany 54: 534–540. m. FS, NC
DICOTYLEDONS EUPHORBIACEAE Drypetes

arrecta N.E.Br. (1915), not of N.E.Br. (1914) = E. braunsii N.E.Br.

mixta Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt
artifolia N.E.Br. 700–1400 m. NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt brevirama N.E.Br. (insufficiently known) (18)
155–185 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1
aspericaulis Pax m. Alt ± 725 m. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt bruynsii L.C.Leach
670–1000 m. NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt
astrispina N.E.Br. = E. stellispina var. astrispina ± 950 m. EC
atrispina N.E.Br. var. atrispina bubalina Boiss.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.07–0.2 m. Alt 850– Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.3 m. Alt 15–450
1150 m. WC m. EC
atrispina N.E.Br. var. viridis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & bupleurifolia Jacq.
B.Sloane Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.04–0.2 m. Alt
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.07–0.2 m. Alt ± 1150 561–1525 m. KZN, EC
m. WC burmannii E.Mey. ex Boiss.
austro-occidentalis Thell. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt
E. forskalii J.Gay in Webb & Berthel. of Meyer, misapplied name 4–550 m. NC, WC, EC
(53)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.01 m. Alt ?–1150 m. N caerulescens Haw. (note spelling)
astrophora J.G.Marx 1300 m. WC, EC
680–730 m. EC caperonioides R.A.Dyer & P.G.Mey.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt ?–
avasmontana Dinter var. avasmontana 1163 m. N
E. kalaharica Marloth (18)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.8 m. Alt 680– capitosa N.E.Br. = E. ferox
1220 m. N, NC caput-medusae L.
avasmontana Dinter var. sagittaria (Marloth) A.C.White, Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 30–120
R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane m. WC
E. sagittaria Marloth (18) caterviflora N.E.Br.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.7 m. Alt ± 1000 E. hastisquama N.E.Br. (18)
E. mundii in sense of R.A.Dyer, not of N.E.Br., misapplied name (18)
m. NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3
baliola N.E.Br. m. Alt 275–2000 m. FS, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt ±
1645 m. N celata R.A.Dyer
E. miscella Leach (43)
barnardii A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt 100–130
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 915– m. NC, WC
1400 m. LIM cereiformis L. (insufficiently known)
basutica Marloth = E. clavarioides var. clavarioides Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt? EC?
baumii Pax = E. monteiri subsp. monteiri chamaesyce of most authors, not of L. = E. prostrata
bayeri L.C.Leach chamaesycoides B.Nord (doubtfully distinct from E.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.08–0.12 m. Alt 20– inaequilatera)
150 m. WC Chamaesyce chamaesycoides (B.Nord.) Koutnik (53)
benthamii Hiern Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt ?–700 m. N
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 900–1005 m. N chersina N.E.Br.
bergeriana Dinter = E. gariepina subsp. gariepina Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 30–765
bergii A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane m. N, NC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 915– cibdela N.E.Br.
1370 m. FS, NC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ?–800 m.
bolusii N.E.Br. (insufficiently known) (18) N, NC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt? M? clandestina Jacq.
×bothae Lotsy & Goddijn (hybrid crowd) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 60–450
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.75–1 m. Alt ?–274 m. WC
m. EC clava Jacq.
brachiata E.Mey. ex Boiss. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.3 m. Alt 305–
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 600 m. EC
m. Alt 10–150 m. WC clavarioides Boiss. var. clavarioides
brakdamensis N.E.Br. (insufficiently known) (18) E. basutica Marloth (18)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt ± 485 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.45 m.
m. NC Alt ?–2620 m. G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia DICOTYLEDONS

clavarioides Boiss. var. truncata (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, damarana L.C.Leach

R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 1.82–
E. truncata N.E.Br. (18) 3.04 m. Alt 450–1000 m. N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.06– davyi N.E.Br.
0.45 m. Alt ?–2134 m. LIM, NW, G, M, KZN Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.1 m. Alt 520–
clavigera N.E.Br. 1525 m. LIM, NW, G
E. persistens R.A.Dyer (47)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt decepta N.E.Br.
450–750 m. LIM, M, S, KZN Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.08 m. Alt 800–
1200 m. WC, EC
clivicola R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 1350– decussata E.Mey. ex Boiss.
E. indecora N.E.Br. (18)
1450 m. LIM Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 70–1100
colliculina A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane m. N, WC, NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–0.12 m. Alt dinteri A.Berger = E. virosa subsp. virosa
± 500 m. WC
discreta N.E.Br. = E. woodii
commiphoroides Dinter = E. guerichiana
complexa R.A.Dyer dregeana E.Mey. ex Boiss.
E. elastica Marloth (18)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 365– Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 40–1220 m.
732 m. M N, NC
confinalis R.A.Dyer subsp. confinalis dumosa E.Mey. ex Boiss.
Perennial. Tree, succulent. Ht 3.5–10 m. Alt 505–900 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 250–500
m. LIM, M m. KZN, EC
confluens Nel duseimata R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ± Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.06 m.
750 m. NC Alt 900–1372 m. B, NW, FS, NC
cooperi in sense of A.Berger, not of N.E.Br., misapplied
ecklonii (Klotzsch & Garcke) A.Hässl.
name = E. ingens E. pistiaefolia Boiss. (18)
cooperi N.E.Br. ex A.Berger var. cooperi Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.01 m. Alt
E. angularis of most authors, not of Klotzsch. (51) 90–150 m. WC
Perennial. Tree, succulent. Ht 2–7 m. Alt 275–1525 m.
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN eduardoi L.C.Leach
Perennial. Tree, succulent. Ht 5–15 m. Alt 450–550 m. N
corallothamnus Dinter, naked name = E. mauritanica
var. corallothamnus eendornensis Dinter = E. fusca
corymbosa N.E.Br. elastica Marloth = E. dregeana
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 20–150 elliptica Thunb., not of Lam. = E. silenifolia
m. WC enopla Boiss. var. enopla
crassipes Marloth (insufficiently known) (18) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ?–900 m.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt ± EC
1000 m. WC enopla Boiss. var. viridis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer &
crispa (Haw.) Sweet B.Sloane
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.05– Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt ± 675
0.1 m. Alt 18–1035 m. NC, WC m. EC
crotonoides Boiss. subsp. crotonoides enopla in sense of A.Berger, not of Boiss., misapplied
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 480–1320 m. N, B, name = E. heptagona var. heptagona
LIM, M enopla in sense of A.Berger, not of Boiss. var. dentata
cucumerina Willd. = probably E. stellispina A.Berger, misapplied name = E. heptagona var.
cumulata R.A.Dyer dentata
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.08–0.2 m. Alt ?–906 enormis N.E.Br.
m. EC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.25–0.45 m. Alt 350–
cupularis Boiss. = Synadenium cupulare 1800 m. LIM, M
currorii N.E.Br. = E. matabelensis ephedroides E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. debilis L.C.Leach
curvirama R.A.Dyer (hybrid crowd?) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m.
Perennial. Shrub, small tree, succulent. Ht 2–6.5 m. Alt ± 650 m. N
Alt 550–850 m. EC ephedroides E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. ephedroides
*cyathophora J.Murray Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt
Poinsettia cyathophora (J.Murray) Bartl. (37) 60– 2179 m. N, NC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? N, G, M, KZN, EC ephedroides E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. imminuta L.C.Leach
cylindrica A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane & G.Will.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1325– Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt
1675 m. NC ± 150 m. NC
DICOTYLEDONS EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia

epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–915

E. epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. wahlbergii (Boiss.) N.E.Br., m. NC
invalid name (2)
E. involucrata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. (2) fimbriata in sense of N.E.Br. in part, not of Scop., mis-
E. wahlbergii Boiss., illegitimate name (2) applied name = E. nesemannii
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 5–2500 fimbriata Scop.
m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC E. mammillaris Haw. in part, not of L. (18)
epicyparissias E.Mey. ex Boiss. var. wahlbergii (Boiss.) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.37 m. Alt 75–
N.E.Br. = E. epicyparissias 155 m. EC
ericoides Lam. flanaganii N.E.Br.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 12– Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–
550 m. WC, EC 0.05 m. Alt 30–185 m. EC
ernestii N.E.Br. foliosa N.E.Br.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01– Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt ?–70 m. WC
0.05 m. Alt 1500–1615 m. EC forskalii J.Gay in Webb & Berthel. of Meyer, misap-
erythrina Link var. erythrina plied name = E. austro-occidentalis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 9–900 fortuita A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane
m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–
erythrina Link var. meyeri N.E.Br. 0.12 m. Alt ± 500 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 10–500 francescae L.C.Leach = E. quadrata
m. WC franckiana A.Berger (insufficiently known) (18)
esculenta Marloth Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt? EC?
E. inermis Mill. var. laniglans N.E.Br. (18)
franksiae N.E.Br. var. franksiae
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 305–730
1365 m. EC
m. KZN
espinosa Pax
franksiae N.E.Br. var. zuluensis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Tree, shrub, woody. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt ?–1070
& B.Sloane
m. N, B, LIM
eustacei N.E.Br. 155–765 m. KZN
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt ?–1400
friedrichiae Dinter
m. WC E. multiramosa Nel (43)
evansii in sense of N.E.Br. in part, not of Pax, misap- E. namaquensis N.E.Br. (43)
plied name = E. triangularis Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt
evansii Pax 800–900 m. N, NC
Perennial. Tree, succulent. Ht 1.2–5 m. Alt 121–1066 frutescens N.E.Br. = E. guerichiana
m. LIM, M, S, KZN fusca Marloth
excelsa A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane E. eendornensis Dinter (18)
Perennial. Tree, succulent. Ht 4–8(–15) m. Alt 765– Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–1160
855 m. LIM m. N, NC
exilis L.C.Leach galpinii Pax, illegitimate name = E. transvaalensis
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 200– gamkensis J.G.Marx
350 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.07–0.1 m. Alt
eylesii Rendle ± 500 m. WC
Chamaesyce eylesii (Rendle) Koutnik (37, 51) gariepina Boiss. subsp. balsamea (Hiern) L.C.Leach
E. neopolecnemoides in sense of Meyer (51) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 10–100
Perennial. Herb or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt m. N
900–1000 m. N, B
gariepina Boiss. subsp. gariepina
falsa N.E.Br. = E. meloformis subsp. meloformis forma E. bergeriana Dinter (18)
falsa Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 200–
fasciculata in sense of N.E.Br. in part, not of Thunb., 1370 m. N, NC
misapplied name = E. schoenlandii gatbergensis N.E.Br.
fasciculata Thunb. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.03 m.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt ?–155 Alt 730–990 m. KZN, EC
m. WC geniculata Ortega = E. heterophylla
ferox Marloth genistoides P.J.Bergius
E. captiosa N.E.Br. (18)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 500– Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 30–
1000 m. EC 1300 m. WC
filiflora Marloth gentilis N.E.Br. subsp. gentilis
E. meyeri Nel (18) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt
E. nelii A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane (43) ?–825 m. NC, WC

gentilis N.E.Br. subsp. tanquana L.C.Leach hastisquama N.E.Br. = E. caterviflora

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt *helioscopia L.
800–1200 m. NC, WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 5–1890 m. KZN,
giessii L.C.Leach WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–0.8 heptagona A.Berger, not of L. = E. pentagona
m. Alt 100–750 m. N
heptagona L. var. dentata (A.Berger) N.E.Br. (insuffi-
glandularis L.C.Leach & G.Will.
ciently known)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt E. enopla in sense of A.Berger, not of Boiss. var. dentata A.Berger,
100–1300 m. NC misapplied name (18)
glanduligera Pax Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt? EC?
Chamaesyce glanduligera (Pax) Koutnik (37, 51) heptagona L. var. heptagona
Annual, perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 610– E. enopla in sense of A.Berger, not of Boiss., misapplied name (18)
1067 m. N Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.25–1.2 m. Alt 10–
glaucella Pax = E. pfeilii 950 m. WC, EC
globosa (Haw.) Sims heptagona L. var. ramosa A.C.White, R.A.Dyer &
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.07 B.Sloane
m. Alt 20–250 m. EC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 500–750
gorgonis A.Berger m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.02 m. heptagona L. var. subsessilis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer &
Alt 350–730 m. EC B.Sloane
grandialata R.A.Dyer Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt ± 1600
Perennial. Shrub, tree, succulent. Ht 0.7–2 m. Alt ± m. WC
1700 m. LIM heptagona L. var. viridis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer &
grandicornis Goebel ex N.E.Br. subsp. grandicornis B.Sloane
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 30–380 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt ± 1500
m. S, KZN m. WC
grandidens Haw. herrei A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane
Perennial. Tree, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–16 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.12 m.
15–915 m. M, S, KZN, EC Alt 10–125 m. N, NC
graveolens N.E.Br. = E. restituta *heterophylla L.
gregaria Marloth E. geniculata Ortega (37)
Poinsettia geniculata (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke (37)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 350–1300
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 3–2000 m. B, LIM,
m. N, NC
NW, G, M, FS
griseola Pax subsp. griseola
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1(–1.6) m. Alt *hirta L.
Chamaesyce hirta (L.) Millsp. (37, 51)
850–1220 m. B, LIM, G Annual. Prostrate to ascending herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m.
groenewaldii R.A.Dyer Alt 5–2000 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.07 m. EC
Alt ± 1400 m. LIM
hopetownensis Nel
gueinzii Boiss. var. albovillosa (Pax) N.E.Br. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt ± 1275
E. albovillosa Pax (18)
m. NC
Alt 15–750 m. KZN horrida Boiss. var. horrida
gueinzii Boiss. var. gueinzii Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1350–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.25 m. 1500 m. WC, EC
Alt 701–2134 m. M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC horrida Boiss. var. major A.C.White, R.A.Dyer &
guerichiana Pax B.Sloane
E. commiphoroides Dinter (18) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt ± 975
E. frutescens N.E.Br. (26) m. EC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.3–6 m. Alt 5–1850 m. N,
horrida Boiss. var. noorsveldensis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer
B, LIM, NC
& B.Sloane
gummifera Boiss. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ± 700 m.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.8–1.3 m. Alt 80–760 EC
m. N, NC
horrida Boiss. var. striata A.C.White, R.A.Dyer &
hallii R.A.Dyer
B.Sloane
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4
m. Alt ± 850 m. NC, WC
1150 m. WC, EC
hamata (Haw.) Sweet
E. peltigera E.Mey. ex Boiss. (43) hottentota Marloth
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 70– Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt 750–1500
1365 m. N, NC, WC m. N, NC

huttoniae N.E.Br. = E. inermis var. huttonae kaokoensis (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane) L.C.Leach
E. subsalsa Hiern var. kaokoensis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane (28)
hypericifolia of N.E.Br., not of L. = E. indica
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt ?–770
hypogaea Marloth m. N
Alt 1500–1775 m. WC, EC karroensis (Boiss.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt ± 550 m. NC
inaequilatera Sond. var. inaequilatera
Chamaesyce inaequilatera (Sond.) Soják (37, 51) keithii R.A.Dyer
E. sanguinea Boiss. (37, 51) Perennial. Tree, succulent. Ht 2–6 m. Alt ± 845 m. S
Annual. Prostrate herb or dwarf shrub. Ht/diameter knobelii Letty
0.01–0.5 m. Alt 5–2000 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt ±
M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC 1350 m. NW
inaequilatera Sond. var. perennis N.E.Br. knuthii Pax subsp. knuthii
Perennial. Prostrate herb or dwarf shrub. Ht/diameter Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt
0.01–0.5 m. Alt 800–2000 m. B, LIM, NW, NC 60–305 m. M, S, KZN
inconstantia R.A.Dyer kraussiana Bernh. var. erubescens N.E.Br.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.7 m. Alt ?–460 Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–1768 m. LIM, M, KZN
m. EC
kraussiana Bernh. var. kraussiana
indecora N.E.Br. = E. decussata Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.38–1.6 m. Alt 3–
*indica Lam. 1830 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, EC
Chamaesyce hypericifolia of most authors, not of Millsp. (37, 51)
E. hypericifolia of N.E.Br., not of L. (37, 51) kwebensis N.E.Br. = E. pfeilii
Annual. Spreading or erect herb. Ht 0.05–0.6 m. Alt *lathyris L.
1–1265 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, Biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? WC
EC lavrani L.C.Leach
inelegans N.E.Br. (1915), not of N.E.Br. (1911) = E. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ± 1650 m.
inornata N
inermis Mill. var. huttoniae (N.E.Br.) A.C.White, R.A.Dyer ledienii A.Berger var. dregei N.E.Br.
& B.Sloane Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 150–550 m. EC
E. huttoniae N.E.Br. (18)
ledienii A.Berger var. ledienii
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt ± 525 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1–1.3 m. Alt 120–250
m. EC m. EC
inermis Mill. var. inermis leistneri R.H.Archer
E. viperina A.Berger (18)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ± 1080
m. N
560 m. EC
lignosa Marloth
inermis Mill. var. laniglans N.E.Br. = E. esculenta
ingens E.Mey. ex Boiss. 650 m. N
E. cooperi in sense of A.Berger, not of N.E.Br., misapplied name (18)
E. natalensis in sense of A.Berger, not of Bernh., misapplied name (18) limpopoana L.C.Leach ex S.Carter
E. similis A.Berger (18) E. malevola L.C.Leach subsp. bechuanica L.C.Leach (47)
Perennial. Tree, succulent. Ht 4.5–11 m. Alt 215–1450 Perennial. Shrub, herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN 650–950 m. B, LIM, NW, M
inornata N.E.Br. livida E.Mey. ex Boiss.
E. inelegans N.E.Br. (1915), not of N.E.Br. (1911) (18) Chamaesyce livida (E.Mey. ex Boiss.) Koutnik (37, 51)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.11 Perennial. Decumbent or prostrate herb or dwarf shrub.
m. Alt 945–1250 m. NC Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 5–55 m. KZN, EC
insarmentosa P.G.Mey. longibracteata Pax = E. monteiri subsp. monteiri
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt ± 1325 m. N loricata Lam.
involucrata (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss. = E. epicy- Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 50–
parissias 1035 m. WC
jansenvillensis Nel louwii L.C.Leach
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ± 860 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 900–1000
m. EC m. LIM
juglans Compton lumbricalis L.C.Leach
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt
Alt ± 950 m. WC ± 350 m. WC
juttae Dinter lydenburgensis Schweick. & Letty
E. siliciicola Dinter (38) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 650–960 m. LIM,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt M
300–850 m. N macella N.E.Br. (insufficiently known) (18)
kalaharica Marloth = E. avasmontana var. avasmon- Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 1.3 m. Alt 20–50 m.
tana WC

macowani N.E.Br. = E. tuberculata var. macowani meloformis Aiton subsp. meloformis forma magna
maleolens E.Phillips R.A.Dyer ex J.G.Marx
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.12 m. Alt
m. Alt 762–915 m. LIM ± 380 m. EC
malevola L.C.Leach subsp. bechuanica L.C.Leach = E. meloformis Aiton subsp. meloformis forma melo-
limpopoana formis
mammillaris Haw. in part, not of L. = E. fimbriata Alt 20–150 m. EC
mammillaris L. meloformis Aiton subsp. valida (N.E.Br.) G.D.Rowley
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 20– E. valida N.E.Br. (45)
305 m. WC, EC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt ?–460
mammilosa Lem. = E. spinea m. EC
*marginata Pursh meyeri Nel = E. filiflora
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 500–1700 m. G, micracantha Boiss.
FS, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.05 m.
marlothiana N.E.Br. Alt 520–1065 m. EC
E. marlothii in sense of N.E.Br., not of Pax, misapplied name (18)
minutiflora N.E.Br. = E. serpens
?–60 m. WC mira L.C.Leach
marlothii in sense of N.E.Br., not of Pax, misapplied
200–650 m. WC
name = E. marlothiana
miscella L.C.Leach = E. celata
marlothii Pax = E. monteiri subsp. monteiri
mixta N.E.Br.
matabelensis Pax E. arrecta N.E.Br. (1915), not of N.E.Br. (1914) (18)
E. currorii N.E.Br. (51)
Perennial. Tree, shrub, woody. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 380–915 700 m. WC
m. N, B
monteiri Hook.f. subsp. brandbergensis B.Nord.
mauritanica L. var. corallothamnus (Dinter) A.C.White, Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.4–3 m. Alt 1700–
R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane, not validly published ?
E. corallothamnus Dinter, naked name (18) 2500 m. N
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1–1.06 m. Alt ?–40 m. monteiri Hook.f. subsp. monteiri (note spelling)
N E. baumii Pax (26)
E. longibracteata Pax (26)
mauritanica L. var. foetens A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & E. marlothii Pax (26)
B.Sloane Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.85 m. Alt 420–
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt ?–70 1830 m. N, B
m. N monteiri Hook.f. subsp. ramosa L.C.Leach
mauritanica L. var. lignosa A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 520–1525
B.Sloane m. B, LIM, G, M
E. mauritanica L. var. namaquensis N.E.Br. in part (18)
mossambicensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boiss.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–200 Chamaesyce mossambicensis (Klotzsch & Garcke) Koutnik (37)
m. N, NC Annual. Herb, prostrate. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?–914 m.
mauritanica L. var. mauritanica B, G
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.07–2.74 m. Alt 10– muirii N.E.Br.
3100 m. N, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt
mauritanica L. var. minor A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & ?–60 m. WC
B.Sloane multiceps A.Berger
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–1000 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 365–
m. WC 1000 m. NC, WC
mauritanica L. var. namaquensis N.E.Br. multifida N.E.Br.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 40–1200 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, geophyte, succulent. Ht up to
m. N, NC 0.15 m. Alt? KZN?
mauritanica L. var. namaquensis N.E.Br. in part = E. multifolia A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane
mauritanica var. lignosa Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt ?–900
melanohydrata Nel m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt multiramosa Nel = E. friedrichiae
50–250 m. NC
mundii in sense of R.A.Dyer, not of N.E.Br., misapplied
meloformis Aiton subsp. meloformis forma falsa name = E. caterviflora
(N.E.Br.) J.G.Marx
E. falsa N.E.Br. (18) mundii N.E.Br.
E. pyriformis N.E.Br. (18) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 155–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 1400 m. NC, WC, EC
650–750 m. EC muraltioides N.E.Br.

Perennial. Herb, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt ± Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m.
750 m. EC Alt 900–1250 m. NC
muricata Thunb. *peplus L.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 300– Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 15–
500 m. WC 1770 m. NW, G, FS, KZN, WC, EC
namaquensis N.E.Br. = E. friedrichiae perangusta R.A.Dyer
namibensis Marloth Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt
E. argillicola Dinter (18) 900–1190 m. NW
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt pergracilis P.G.Mey.
1000–1300 m. N Chamaesyce pergracilis (P.G.Mey.) Koutnik (37, 51)
namuskluftensis L.C.Leach Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt ± 630 m. N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt perpera N.E.Br.
950–1200 m. N Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt ± 50 m. NC
natalensis Bernh. persistens R.A.Dyer = E. clavigera
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 10–2840 m. pfeilii Pax
KZN, L, EC E. anomala Pax (1)
E. glaucella Pax (51)
natalensis in sense of A.Berger, not of Bernh., misap- E. kwebensis N.E.Br. (51)
plied name = E. ingens Annual, perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 610–1067
nelii A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane = E. filiflora m. N, B, LIM, NC
neopolecnemoides in sense of Meyer = E. eylesii phylloclada Boiss.
neopolycnemoides Pax & K.Hoffm. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.25 m.
Chamaesyce neopolycnemoides (Pax & K.Hoffm.) Koutnik (37, 51) Alt 275–490 m. N, NC
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 155– pillansii N.E.Br. var. albovirens A.C.White, R.A.Dyer
1350 m. B, LIM, M, S, KZN, NC & B.Sloane
nesemannii R.A.Dyer Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt
E. fimbriata in sense of N.E.Br. in part, not of Scop., misapplied ?–650 m. WC
name (18)
pillansii N.E.Br. var. pillansii
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 100– E. stellaespina E.Phillips, not of Haw. (18)
500 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt
oatesii Rolfe ?–650 m. WC
Perennial. Herb, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 850– pillansii N.E.Br. var. ramosissima A.C.White, R.A.Dyer
1050 m. B & B.Sloane
obesa Hook.f. subsp. obesa Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. ?–650 m. WC
Alt ± 725 m. EC pistiaefolia Boiss. = E. ecklonii
obesa Hook.f. subsp. symmetrica (A.C.White, R.A.Dyer planiceps A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane
& B.Sloane) G.D.Rowley Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt
E. symmetrica A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane (45) ± 1570 m. NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. polycephala Marloth
Alt 825–850 m. EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.4–0.7
ornithopus Jacq. m. Alt 900–1200 m. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. polygona Haw.
Alt 610–945 m. EC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 155–
otjipembana L.C.Leach 460 m. EC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 1000– procumbens in sense of N.E.Br. (1925), misapplied name
1200 m. N = E. woodii
oxystegia Boiss. *prostrata Aiton
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt Chamaesyce prostrata (Aiton) Small (37, 51)
700–800 m. NC E. chamaesyce of most authors, not of L. (37, 51)
Annual. Herb, prostrate. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 25–1654 m.
passa N.E.Br. = E. woodii N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
pedemontana L.C.Leach pseudocactus A.Berger
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–2.4 m. Alt 230–
± 800 m. WC 1035 m. KZN
peltigera E.Mey. ex Boiss. = E. hamata pseudoduseimata A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane
pentagona Haw. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt
E. heptagona A.Berger, not of L. (18) ?–1065 m. N, NW, NC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 120– pseudoglobosa Marloth
600 m. EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt
pentops A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane 25–250 m. WC

pseudotuberosa Pax sagittaria Marloth = E. avasmontana var. sagittaria

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.7 m. Alt sanguinea Boiss. = E. inaequilatera var. inaequilatera
1000–1713 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC schinzii Pax
pubescens Vahl Perennial. Dwarf shrub, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.06–0.8
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.58–1.5 m. Alt 1550–1800 m. m. Alt 90–1525 m. B, LIM, NW, G
NW, G schoenlandii Pax
pubiglans N.E.Br. E. fasciculata in sense of N.E.Br. in part, not of Thunb., misapplied
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.3 m. Alt name (18)
50–450 m. WC, EC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt? WC
pugniformis Boiss. sclerophylla Boiss.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 365–1525 m. EC
50–975 m. EC sekukuniensis R.A.Dyer
*pulcherrima Willd. ex Klotzsch Perennial. Tree, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–5.8 m. Alt
Poinsettia pulcherrima (Klotzsch.) Graham (51, 52) 915–1200 m. LIM
Perennial. Shrub, tree. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 125–1650 m. *serpens Kunth
LIM, M, S, KZN Chamaesyce serpens (Kunth) Small (37, 51)
E. minutiflora N.E.Br. (37, 51)
pulvinata Marloth
Annual. Herb, prostrate. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 5–1365 m.
N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
700–1830 m. LIM, M, S, FS, L, KZN, EC
pyriformis N.E.Br. = E. meloformis subsp. meloformis *serrata L.
forma falsa Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 150–450 m. EC
quadrata Nel silenifolia (Haw.) Sweet
E. francescae L.C.Leach (43) E. elliptica Thunb., not of Lam. (18)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.05 m.
1300–1400 m. NC Alt 6–640 m. WC, EC
ramiglans N.E.Br. siliciicola Dinter = E. juttae
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt similis A.Berger = E. ingens
25–500 m. NC spartaria N.E.Br.
rectirama N.E.Br. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 1700–
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 600– 2250 m. N
1435 m. B, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC spicata E.Mey. ex Boiss.
restituta N.E.Br. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt
E. graveolens N.E.Br. (18) ± 1000 m. NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. spinea N.E.Br.
Alt ?–200 m. NC E. mammilosa Lem. (18)
restricta R.A.Dyer Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 550–750 m. NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt spissiflora S.Carter
1400–1525 m. LIM Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt ± 1060 m. B
rhombifolia Boiss.
E. rhombifolia Boiss. var. cymosa N.E.Br. (18) squarrosa Haw.
E. rhombifolia Boiss. var. laxa N.E.Br. (18) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.3
E. rhombifolia Boiss. var. triceps N.E.Br. (18) m. Alt 155–700 m. EC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 15–1713 stapelioides Boiss.
m. LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.01–0.05 m.
rhombifolia Boiss. var. cymosa N.E.Br. = E. rhombifolia Alt 25–100 m. N, NC
rhombifolia Boiss. var. laxa N.E.Br. = E. rhombifolia stellaespina E.Phillips, not of Haw. = E. pillansii var.
rhombifolia Boiss. var. triceps N.E.Br. = E. rhombifolia pillansii
rowlandii R.A.Dyer stellata Willd.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1.2–1.8 m. Alt 490– Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt
520 m. LIM 50–450 m. EC
rubriflora N.E. Br. stellispina Haw. var. astrispina (N.E.Br.) A.C.White,
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.02 m. Alt 700–1000 m. B R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane
E. astrispina N.E.Br. (18)
rudis N.E.Br. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt m. Alt ± 1000 m. WC
700–765 m. N, NC
stellispina Haw. var. stellispina
rudolfii N.E.Br. ?E. cucumerina Willd. (18)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt ± Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 450–
550 m. NC 1250 m. NC, WC
ruscifolia N.E.Br. stolonifera Marloth
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ± 250 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 380–1000
m. EC m. NC, WC

striata Thunb. var. cuspidata (Boiss.) N.E.Br. truncata N.E.Br. = E. clavarioides var. truncata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt? tuberculata Jacq. var. macowani (N.E.Br.) A.C.White,
KZN R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane
striata Thunb. var. striata E. macowani N.E.Br. (18)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.75 m. Alt 15– Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 300–
2590 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC 400 m. WC
submammillaris (A.Berger) A.Berger (insufficiently tuberculata Jacq. var. tuberculata
known) (18) Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 30–395
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? m. WC
Distr.? tuberculatoides N.E.Br.
subsalsa Hiern subsp. fluvialis L.C.Leach Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 100–450
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt ± m. WC
1080 m. N tuberosa L.
subsalsa Hiern var. kaokoensis A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.15 m.
B.Sloane = E. kaokoensis Alt 60–1100 m. WC
suffulta Bruyns tubiglans Marloth ex R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 600– Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.15 m.
1000 m. WC Alt 30–915 m. WC, EC
superans Nel (insufficiently known) (18) tugelensis N.E.Br.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.11 m. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ?–610 m.
Alt? EC KZN
suppressa J.G.Marx vaalputsiana L.C.Leach
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.12 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt
Alt ± 1100 m. WC ± 1100 m. NC
susannae Marloth valida N.E.Br. = E. meloformis subsp. valida
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.2 m. Alt vandermerwei R.A.Dyer
700–800 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt
symmetrica A.C.White, R.A.Dyer & B.Sloane = E. 640–800 m. M
obesa subsp. symmetrica venenata Marloth
systyloides Pax subsp. porcaticapsa S.Carter Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1.2–2 m. Alt ± 320 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ± 1400 m. N N
tenax Burch. venteri L.C.Leach ex R.H.Archer & S.Carter
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt ± 1220 m.
tetragona Haw. B
Perennial. Tree, succulent. Ht 3.5–12 m. Alt 395–955 verruculosa N.E.Br.
m. KZN, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m.
tettensis Klotzsch Alt 50–250 m. N
Chamaesyce tettensis (Klotzsch ) Koutnik (37, 51) versicolores G.Will.
Annual. Erect or prostrate herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ?– Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.24 m. Alt
380 m. LIM, M ± 750 m. NC
tirucalli L. viperina A.Berger = E. inermis var. inermis
Perennial. Tree, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–9 m. Alt 30–
virosa Willd. subsp. virosa
1465 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC E. dinteri A.Berger (26)
tortirama R.A.Dyer Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt ?–680 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt N, NC
800–1250 m. LIM volkmanniae Dinter
transvaalensis Schltr. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt ± 1400
E. galpinii Pax, illegitimate name (18)
m. N
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–1.2
wahlbergii Boiss., illegitimate name = E. epicyparis-
m. Alt 610–1220 m. N, B, LIM, M, S
sias
triangularis Desf.
E. evansii in sense of N.E.Br. in part, not of Pax, misapplied name (18) waterbergensis R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Tree, succulent. Ht 2.5–15 m. Alt 5–1665 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 850–
m. M, S, KZN, EC 950 m. LIM
wilmaniae Marloth
trichadenia Pax var. trichadenia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.12
750–915 m. NC
m. Alt 185–1670 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, KZN
woodii N.E.Br.
tridentata Lam. E. discreta N.E.Br. (18)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt E. passa N.E.Br. (18)
460–580 m. EC E. procumbens in sense of N.E.Br. (1925), misapplied name (18)

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt globosa (Gaertn.) Lamb & Vahl
10–670 m. KZN, EC Toxicodendrum capense Thunb. (3)
Toxicodendrum globosum (Gaertn.) Pax & K.Schum. (3)
zambesiana Benth var. zambesiana Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.98–4.26 m. Alt 45–670 m. WC
Chamaesyce zambesiana (Benth.) Koutnik var. zambesiana (51)
Perennial. Prostrate or erect herb, dwarf shrub. Ht ±
0.05 m, ± 0.5 m in diameter. Alt ?–610 m. S,
HYMENOCARDIA Wall. ex Lindl. 4325000
KZN
zoutpansbergensis R.A.Dyer capensis (Pax) Hutch. = H. ulmoides
Perennial. Tree, succulent. Ht 2–8 m. Alt ± 1250 m. ulmoides Oliv.
LIM H. capensis (Pax) Hutch. (1)
H. ulmoides Oliv. var. capensis Pax (1)
EXCOECARIA L. 4478010 Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–20 m. Alt 5–549 m.
(1) Léonard. 1959. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l’État Bruxelles LIM, KZN
29: 133–140. ulmoides Oliv. var. capensis Pax = H. ulmoides
bussei (Pax) Pax JATROPHA L. 4433000
Sapium bussei Pax (1) (1) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 418–427.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 800–1150 m. N, B (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1991. Kew Bulletin 46: 141–157.
magenjensis Sim = Maprounea africana
simii (Kuntze) Pax botswanica Radcl.-Sm.
Sapium simii Kuntze (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1000–1050
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.2–2.5 m. Alt 3–1220 m. m. B
KZN, EC brachyadenia Pax & K.Hoffm. = J. zeyheri
capensis (L.f.) Sond.
FLUEGGEA Willd. 4298000 Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 155–
(1) Webster. 1984. Allertonia 3: 259–312.
1160 m. EC
microcarpa Blume = F. virosa subsp. virosa *curcas L.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–3(–7) m. Alt 413–1830
verrucosa (Thunb.) G.L.Webster m. N, LIM, M, S, KZN
Phyllanthus verrucosus Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2.5 m. Alt 15–1220 m. KZN, decumbens Pax & K.Hoffm. probably = J. seineri
EC erythropoda Pax & K.Hoffm.
virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Voigt subsp. virosa Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.22 m. Alt
F. microcarpa Blume (1) 795–1100 m. N, B, LIM, NC
Phyllanthus virosus Roxb. ex Willd. (1)
Securinega virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Pax & K.Hoffm. (1)
*gossypifolia L. var. elegans (Pohl) Müll.Arg.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.3–7.5 m. Alt 25–1300 m. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 420–1350 m.
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN LIM
heterophylla Pax = J. variifolia
GELONIUM Willd. 4464010 hirsuta Hochst. var. glabrescens (Pax & K.Hoffm.)
africanum (Sond.) Müll.Arg. = Suregada africana Prain
procerum Prain = Suregada procera Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt 15–
serratum Pax & K.Hoffm. = Suregada zanzibariensis 450 m. KZN
zanzibariense (Baill.) Müll.Arg. = Suregada zanz- hirsuta Hochst. var. hirsuta
ibariensis Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt 15–
450 m. KZN
GROSSERA Pax 4353010 hirsuta Hochst. var. oblongifolia Prain
aurea Cavaco = Cavacoa aurea Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.45 m. Alt
304–1310 m. LIM, M, S
HEYWOODIA Sim 4291010
lagarinthoides Sond.
(1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 6, 7.
lucens Sim 1389 m. G, M, KZN
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–25 m. Alt 5–585 m. S, KZN, EC
latifolia Pax var. angustata Prain
*HOMALANTHUS A.Juss. 4480000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 701–
(1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1987. FTEA Euphorbiaceae: 381, 382.
1350 m. LIM, M
(2) Radcliffe-Smith. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum: 354, 355. latifolia Pax var. latifolia
populifolius Graham Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ?–1830
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–3.5 m. Alt?–550 m. WC m. LIM, M, KZN
latifolia Pax var. swazica Prain
HYAENANCHE Lamb. & Vahl 4336000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 385–
(1) Hutchinson. 1920. FC 4,2: 408, 409. 1370 m. M, S
(3) Radcliffe-Smith. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum: 89. messinica E.A.Bruce = J. spicata

*multifida L. firmula Prain = Seidelia firmula

Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 50–450 m. KZN obtusa (Thunb.) Müll.Arg. = L. procumbens
natalensis Müll.Arg. procumbens (L.) Prain
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 305– L. capensis (Sond.) Müll.Arg. (1)
825 m. KZN L. obtusa (Thunb.) Müll.Arg. (1)
orangeana Dinter ex P.G.Mey. Annual. Semisucculent, herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 5–
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.7–1.52 m. Alt ?– 2160 m. LIM, S, KZN, WC, EC
600 m. N, NC MACARANGA Thouars 4400000
*podagrica Hook. (1) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 485–487.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt ?–1450 m. M, KZN (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 161–165.
pseudoglandulifera Pax = J. spicata capensis (Baill.) Benth. ex Sim
schlechteri Pax subsp. schlechteri Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–25 m. Alt 5–765 m. KZN, EC
1120 m. M, S, KZN *MANIHOT Mill. 4444000
(1) Rogers & Appan. 1973. Flora Neotropical Monograph 13: 19–256.
schlechteri Pax subsp. setifera (Hutch.) Radcl.-Sm. (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 244–247.
J. setifera Hutch. (2, 3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt 900– dichotoma Ule
1550 m. B, LIM, G Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–10 m. Alt? KZN
seineri Pax var. seineri dulcis (J.F.Gmel.) Pax = M. esculenta
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.42 m. Alt ± esculenta Crantz
915 m. N, B M. dulcis (J.F.Gmel.) Pax (2)
M. utilissima Pohl (2)
setifera Hutch. = J. schlechteri subsp. setifera Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–6 m. Alt 450–1600 m. LIM, G,
spicata Pax M, KZN
J. messinica E.A.Bruce (2)
J. pseudoglandulifera Pax (3) glaziovii Müll.Arg.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.25 m. Alt 364–765 m. N, Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–10 m. Alt? KZN
LIM grahamii Hook.
variifolia Pax Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–5 m. Alt ± 1000 m. N
J. heterophylla Pax (1) utilissima Pohl = M. esculenta
30–1000 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC MAPROUNEA Aubl. 4485000
woodii Kuntze (1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 325–327.
(2) Esser. 2001. In Radcliffe-Smith, Genera Euphorbiacearum: 392, 393.
750 m. KZN africana Müll.Arg.
Excoecaria magenjensis Sim (1)
zeyheri Sond.
J. brachyadenia Pax & K.Hoffm. (1) Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–8 m. Alt 850–1000 m. N
J. zeyheri Sond. var. platyphylla Pax (2, 3)
J. zeyheri Sond. var. subsimplex Prain (2, 3) MARGARITARIA L.f. 4299020
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–2.43 m. Alt 120– (1) Webster. 1979. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 60: 403–444.
1415 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 32–36.
zeyheri Sond. var. platyphylla Pax = J. zeyheri discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. fagifolia (Pax)
Radcl.-Sm.
zeyheri Sond. var. subsimplex Prain = J. zeyheri M. discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster subsp. nitida (Pax) G.L.Webster
in part (2)
LACHNOSTYLIS Turcz. 4291000 Phyllanthus amapondensis Sim (1)
(1) Hutchinson. 1915. FC 5,2: 383, 384. Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–30 m. Alt 1100–1500 m. S,
(2) Dyer. 1943. South African Journal of Science 40: 123–126. KZN, EC
bilocularis R.A.Dyer discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster var. nitida (Pax) Radcl.-
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 258–1200 m. Sm.
WC, EC M. discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster subsp. nitida (Pax) G.L.Webster
in part (2)
capensis Turcz. = L. hirta Phyllanthus flacourtioides Hutch. (2)
hirta (L.f.) Müll.Arg. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 5–1450 m. N, B,
Discocarpus hirtus (L.f.) Pax & K.Hoffm. LIM, M, S, KZN
L. capensis Turcz. (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–8 m. Alt 10–305 m. discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster subsp. nitida (Pax)
WC, EC G.L.Webster in part = M. discoidea var. fagifolia
discoidea (Baill.) G.L.Webster subsp. nitida (Pax)
LEIDESIA Müll.Arg. 4372000 G.L.Webster in part = M. discoidea var. nitida
(1) Pax. 1914. Das Pflanzenreich 63: 284–286.
(2) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 462–464. *MERCURIALIS L. 4371000
(1) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 461, 462.
capensis (Sond.) Müll.Arg. = L. procumbens (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum: 205.
EUPHORBIACEAE Jatropha DICOTYLEDONS

annua L. genistoides Sond. = P. incurvus

Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt 5– gillettianus J.F.Brunel ex Radcl.-Sm.
250 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.45 m. Alt 90–1815 m. B
MICROCOCCA Benth. 4367000 glaucophyllus Sond.
P. glaucophyllus Sond. var. major Müll.Arg. (5)
(1) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 460, 461. P. glaucophyllus Sond. var. suborbicularis Hutch. (5)
capensis (Baill.) Prain 1615 m. LIM, NW, G, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Shrub or small tree. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 15– glaucophyllus Sond. var. major Müll.Arg. = P. glauco-
1850 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC phyllus
mercurialis (L.) Benth. glaucophyllus Sond. var. suborbicularis Hutch. = P.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ± 1300 m. B glaucophyllus
MONADENIUM Pax 4503000 graminicola Hutch. ex S.Moore
P. rogersii Hutch. (5)
(1) Brown. 1911. FTA 6,1: 452.
(2) Phillips. 1926. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 6: t. 223. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt
(3) Bally. 1961. The genus Monadenium: 56, 57. 1150–2100 m. LIM
(4) Carter. 2001. FZ 9,5: 438–451.
guenzii Müll.Arg. = P. maderaspatensis
lugardiae N.E.Br. heterophyllus E.Mey. ex Müll.Arg.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 45–1365 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.91 m. Alt 50–
m. B, LIM, M, S, KZN 825 m. KZN, EC
*PEDILANTHUS A.Poit. 4501000 humilis in the sense of Hutch., not of Pax = P. parvulus
(1) Dressler. 1957. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of var. parvulus
Harvard University 182: 1–188. incurvus Thunb.
(2) Carter. 2001. FZ 9,5: 451, 452. P. genistoides Sond (1)
tithymaloides (L.) A.Poit. subsp. smallii (Millsp.) P. multicaulis Müll.Arg. (1)
Dressler Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.48 m. Alt
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 25–? m. 30–1580 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
M, KZN NC, WC, EC
kirkianus Müll.Arg. = P. pinnatus
PHYLLANTHUS L. 4299000 loandensis Welw. ex Müll.Arg.
(1) Hutchinson. 1920. FC 5,2: 386–401. P. angolensis in sense of Radcl.-Sm., not of Müll.Arg. (5)
(2) Meyer. 1967. FSWA 67: 1–46. Perennial, annual. Dwarf shrub, shrub or herb. Ht
(3) Radcliffe-Smith. 1987. FTEA Euphorbiaceae: 9–63.
(4) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. Kew Bulletin 51: 305–330. 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 860–1372 m. N, LIM, NW, NC
(5) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 36–85. macranthus Pax var. macranthus
(6) Archer. Personal communication. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 460–1081 m. LIM
amapondensis Sim = Margaritaria discoidea var. fagi- maderaspatensis L.
folia P. guenzii Müll.Arg. (1)
angolensis in sense of Radcl.-Sm., not of Müll.Arg. = P. P. paxianus Dinter (6)
loandensis Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 45–1720
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC,
asperulatus Hutch. EC
LIM, M, S mendesii Brunel ex Radcl.-Sm.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.4(–0.8)
burchellii Müll.Arg. = P. parvulus var. garipensis m. Alt 5–1290 m. N, B
cedrifolius I.Verd. = P. polyanthus meyerianus Müll.Arg.
cinereoviridis Pax Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? N 5–1890 m. LIM, M, KZN, L
delagoensis Hutch. mozambicensis Gand. = P. parvulus var. parvulus
Annual to perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 30–250
m. M, S, KZN multicaulis Müll.Arg. = P. incurvus
dinteri Pax myrtaceus Sond.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.76 m. Alt ?– Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt 305–2250 m.
600 m. N KZN, EC
flacourtioides Hutch. = Margaritaria discoidea var. niruri L. in part = P. fraternus
nitida nummulariifolius Poir. var. nummulariifolius
*fraternus G.L.Webster Perennial or annual. Dwarf shrub, herb or shrub. Ht
P. niruri L. in part (5) 0.1–0.6(–2) m. Alt 70–1555 m. LIM, M, KZN
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 90–1830 m. B, M, S omahakensis Dinter & Pax
garipensis E.Mey. ex Drège = P. parvulus var. garipen- Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 975–1035 m. N, B,
sis NC
DICOTYLEDONS EUPHORBIACEAE *Mercurialis

ovalis Sond. = Andrachne ovalis Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2.5–13.71 m. Alt ?–910 m.
parvulus Sond. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drège) Radcl.- N, B, LIM
Sm. maprouneifolia Pax var. glabra (Pax) Brenan
P. burchellii Müll.Arg. (5) Perennial. Tree. Ht ± 5 m. Alt ?–1100 m. N, B, LIM,
P. garipensis E.Mey. ex Drège (5) NW, G, M
P. tenellus Roxb. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drège) Müll.Arg. (6)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–2.28 m. Alt 15– maprouneifolia Pax var. maprouneifolia
1713 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC, EC Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.06–12.19 m. Alt 109–
1495 m. B
parvulus Sond. var. parvulus
P. mozambicensis Gand. (5)
P. humilis in the sense of Hutch., not of Pax (5, 6) PSEUDOTRAGIA Pax 4421020
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–2.28 m. Alt 15– scandens Pax = Plukenetia africana
1713 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC
schinzii Pax = Plukenetia africana
paxianus Dinter = P. maderaspatensis
pentandrus Schumach. & Thonn. PTEROCOCCUS Hassk. 4421000
Annual, subperennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.14–0.6 africanus (Sond.) Pax & K.Hoffm. = Plukenetia africana
m. Alt 185–1200 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN
pinnatus (Wight) G.L.Webster RICINODENDRON Müll.Arg. 4463000
P. kirkianus Müll.Arg. (3)
Perennial. Shrub, tree. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 185–520 m. rautanenii Schinz = Schinziophyton rautanenii
LIM *RICINUS L. 4424000
polyanthus Pax (1) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 487.
P. cedrifolius I.Verd. (3) (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 156–159.
Perennial. Shrub, tree. Ht 0.5–8 m. Alt 185–520 m.
communis L. var. communis
KZN, EC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–7 m. Alt 15–1465 m. N,
purpureus Müll.Arg. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
reticulatus Poir. var. reticulatus SAPIUM P.Browne 4483000
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–5(–9) m. Alt 5–1400 m. bussei Pax = Excoecaria bussei
N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN
ellipticum (Hochst.) Pax = Shirakiopsis elliptica
rogersii Hutch. = P. graminicola
integerrimum (Hochst.) J.Léonard = Sclerocroton inte-
tenellus Roxb. var. garipensis (E.Mey. ex Drège) gerrimus
Müll.Arg. = P. parvulus var. garipensis
mannianum (Müll.Arg.) Benth. = Shirakiopsis elliptica
verrucosus Thunb. = Flueggea verrucosa
reticulatum Pax = Sclerocroton integerrimus
virosus Roxb. ex Willd. = Flueggea virosa subsp. virosa
simii Kuntze = Excoecaria simii
PLUKENETIA L. 4421010
(1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 210–212 (as ‘Pterococcus’).
SCHINZIOPHYTON Hutch. ex 4463010
(2) Radcliffe-Smith. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum: 247, 248. Radcl.-Sm.
(1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1990. Kew Bulletin 45: 157.
africana Sond.
P. hastata Müll.Arg. (1) rautanenii (Schinz) Radcl.-Sm.
Pseudotragia scandens Pax (1) Ricinodendron rautanenii Schinz (1)
Pseudotragia schinzii Pax (1) Perennial. Tree. Ht 4.5–20 m. Alt ?–1225 m. N, B,
Pterococcus africana (Sond.) Pax & K.Hoffm. (2) LIM
m. N, B SCLEROCROTON Hochst. 4478030
hastata Müll.Arg. = P. africana (1) Léonard. 1959. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l’État Bruxelles
29: 142.
POINSETTIA Graham 4498020 (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1987. FZ: 9,4: 323.
(3) Esser. 2001. In Radcliffe-Smith, Genera Euphorbiacearum: 378.
cyathophora (J.Murray) Bartl. = Euphorbia cyathophora integerrimum Hochst.
geniculata (Ortega) Klotzsch & Garcke = Euphorbia Sapium integerrimum (Hochst.) J.Léonard (2, 3)
heterophylla Sapium reticulatum Pax (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–9 m. Alt 15–460 m. M, S,
pulcherrima (Klotzsch.) Graham = Euphorbia pulcher- KZN
rima
reticulatum Pax = S. integerrimum
PSEUDOLACHNOSTYLIS Pax 4295000
(1) Meyer. 1967. FSWA 67: 1–46. SECURINEGA Comm. ex Juss. 4297000
(2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 22–27. schlechteri Pax = Cleistanthus schlechteri var.
dekindtii Pax = P. maprouneifolia var. dekindtii schlechteri
maprouneifolia Pax var. dekindtii (Pax) Radcl.-Sm. virosa (Roxb. ex Willd.) Pax & K.Hoffm. = Flueggea
P. dekindtii Pax (2) virosa subsp. virosa
EUPHORBIACEAE Phyllanthus DICOTYLEDONS

SEIDELIA Baill. 4373000 TOXICODENDRUM Thunb. 4336010

(1) Pax. 1914. Das Pflanzenreich 63: 282–284.
(2) Meyer. 1967. FSWA 67: 1–46. capense Thunb. = Hyaenanche globosa
(3) Radcliffe-Smith. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum: 206, 207. globosum (Gaertn.) Pax & K.Schum. = Hyaenanche
firmula (Prain) Pax & K.Hoffm. globosa
Leidesia firmula Prain (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 500–1300 m. N TRAGIA L. 4416000
(1) Pax. 1916. Das Pflanzenreich 68,1: 32–101.
mercurialis Baill. = S. triandra (2) Prain. 1920. FC 5,2: 502–511.
pumila (Sond.) Baill. (3) Meyer. 1967. FSWA 67: 1–46.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 5–250 m. EC (4) Radcliffe-Smith. 1987. Kew Bulletin 42: 395–399.
triandra (E.Mey.) Pax
S. mercurialis Baill. (2) benthamii Baker
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt ?–1370 m. N, FS, Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herbaceous climber. Ht 0.2–3
NC m. Alt ± 1000 m. B
collina Prain
SHIRAKIOPSIS Esser 4478050 Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt?
(1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1987. FZ: 9,4: 324, 325. KZN
(2) Esser. 2001. Kew Bulletin 56: 1017, 1018.
(3) Esser. 2001. In Radcliffe-Smith, Genera Euphorbiacearum: 380, dinteri Pax
381. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ±
elliptica (Hochst.) Esser 1325 m. N
Sapium ellipticum (Hochst.) Pax (2) dioica Sond.
Sapium mannianum (Müll.Arg.) Benth. (1) T. schinzii Pax (4)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 30–1200 m. S, KZN, Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 275–
EC 1380 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, NC
SPHAEROSTYLIS Baill. 4419000 durbanensis Kuntze = T. glabrata var. glabrata
gardneri Prain
natalensis (Sond.) Croizat = Tragiella natalensis Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ±
1050 m. B
SPIROSTACHYS Sond. 4478000
(1) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 313–315. glabrata (Müll.Arg.) Pax & K.Hoffm. var. glabrata
(2) Esser. 2001. In Radcliffe-Smith, Genera Euphorbiacearum: 362, T. durbanensis Kuntze (5)
363. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 5–210
africana Sond. m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–15 m. Alt 60–1370 m. incisifolia Prain
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt 150–1450 m.
LIM, G, M, KZN
SUREGADA Roxb. ex Rottler 4464000 kirkiana Müll.Arg.
(1) Léonard. 1958. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l’État Bruxelles Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.25–3 m. Alt 150–1450
28: 443–450.
(2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 249–253. m. LIM
africana (Sond.) Kuntze lancifolia Dinter ex Pax & K.Hoffm.
Gelonium africanum (Sond.) Müll.Arg. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht? Alt ± 1400 m. N
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 15–1640 m. meyeriana Müll.Arg.
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 15–1280 m. S,
procera (Prain) Croizat KZN, EC
Gelonium procerum Prain (1) minor Sond.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–8(–24) m. Alt 120–1675 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 457–
LIM, KZN, EC 1535 m. NW, G, M, S, KZN
zanzibariensis Baill. natalensis Sond. = Tragiella natalensis
Gelonium serratum Pax & K.Hoffm. (1)
Gelonium zanzibariense (Baill.) Müll.Arg. (1) okanyua Pax
Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.5–10 m. Alt 90–1100 m. S, KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.4–3 m. Alt
410–1435 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S
SYNADENIUM Boiss. 4500000 physocarpa Prain
(1) Brown. 1915. FC 5,2: 220, 221. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt 1280–
(2) White et al. 1941. The succulent Euphorbieae: 953–956, 966.
(3) Carter. 2001. FZ 9,5: 434–438. 1450 m. N, G
arborescens Boiss. = S. cupulare prionoides Radcl.-Sm.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.4–9 m. Alt
cupulare (Boiss.) L.C.Wheeler 410–1500 m. NW, G
Euphorbia cupularis Boiss. (2)
S. arborescens Boiss. (2) rogersii Prain
Perennial. Tree, shrub, succulent. Ht 1.2–6 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ?–
30–1370 m. LIM, M, S, KZN 1370 m. M
DICOTYLEDONS EUPHORBIACEAE Seidelia

rupestris Sond. natalensis (Sond.) Pax & K.Hoffm.

Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.2–3 Sphaerostylis natalensis (Sond.) Croizat (2)
Tragia natalensis Sond. (2)
m. Alt 50–1525 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5(–3) m. Alt 5–1450
schinzii Pax = T. dioica m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
sonderi Prain
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.2– *VERNICIA Lour. 4428010
0.9 m. Alt ?–1525 m. S, KZN (1) Airy Shaw. 1966. Kew Bulletin 20: 393–395.
stipularis Radcl.-Sm. (2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ: 301–303.
(3) Stuppy et al. 1999. Blumea 44: 73–98.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.2–
0.9 m. Alt ± 1000 m. B fordii (Hemsl.) Airy Shaw
Aleurites fordii Hemsl. (2)
wahlbergiana Prain Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–20 m. Alt 300–1600 m. G, M,
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb, climber, Ht 0.2– KZN
0.9 m. Alt 50–1525 m. G
montana Lour.
TRAGIELLA Pax & K.Hoffm. 4416020 Aleurites montana (Lour.) Wilson (2)
(1) Pax & Hoffman. 1919. Das Pflanzenreich 68: 105. Perennial. Tree. Ht. 3–15 m. Alt 400–1400 m. LIM, G,
(2) Radcliffe-Smith. 1996. FZ 9,4: 97–216. M, KZN
FABACEAE
Compiled by T. Nkonki, H.F. Glen, N. Swelankomo, M. Jordaan, G. Germishuizen & A. Moteetee
ABRUS Adans. 3856000 arenaria Schinz

Compiled by T. Nkonki A. hermannii Baker f. (9)
A. rufobrunnea N.E.Br. (9)
(1) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24,2: 235–253.
(2) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 3,1: 113–117.
N, B
laevigatus E.Mey.
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 50–1615 m. N, *armata R.Br.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3.5 m. Alt? G, WC
precatorius L. subsp. africanus Verdc. ataxacantha DC.
A. squamulosus E.Mey. (1) A. eriadenia Benth. (9)
A. lugardiae N.E.Br. (9)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 2.44–4.5 m. Alt 15–1500 m. N,
B, LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Tree, shrub, climber. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 150–
1980 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S, KZN
squamulosus E.Mey. = A. precatorius subsp. africanus
atomiphylla Burch. = A. haematoxylon
ACACIA Mill. 3446000 *baileyana F.Muell.
Compiled by T. Nkonki Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–5 m. Alt 640–1600 m.
(1) Bentham. 1842. London Journal of Botany 1: 318–392, 494–528. LIM, NW, G, S, KZN, WC, EC
(2) Macbride. 1919. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of
Harvard University 59: 6–9. barbertonensis Schweick. = A. borleae
(3) Verdoorn. 1942. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 22: tt. 851, 860. benthamii Rochebr. = A. nilotica subsp. kraussiana
(5) Brenan & Exell. 1957. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 31: 99–142. borleae Burtt Davy
(6) Ross. 1970. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1586. A. barbertonensis Schweick. (9)
(7) Ross. 1971. The Flowering Plants of Africa 41: tt. 1636, 1637. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 52–1525 m. LIM,
(8) Ross. 1972. The Flowering Plants of Africa 42: tt. 1652, 1653. M, S, KZN
(9) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 24–114.
(10) Ross. 1975. Bothalia 11: 107–113, 127–131, 231–234, 443–447, 453–470. brevispica Harms subsp. dregeana (Benth.) Brenan
(11) Ross. 1978. The Flowering Plants of Africa 44: t. 1749. A. brevispica Harms var. dregeana (Benth.) J.H.Ross & Gordon-
(12) Ross. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: t. 1796. Gray (9)
(13) Ross & Killick. 1979. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South A. pennata in sense of E.Mey. var. dregeana Benth., misapplied
Africa No. 44: 1–150. name (9)
(14) Ross. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: t. 1797. Perennial. Tree, shrub, climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 107–
(15) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 62–79. 1220 m. S, KZN, EC
(16) Von Breitenbach. 1989. Journal of Dendrology 12: 1–10.
(17) Hunde & Thulin. 1989. Flora of Ethiopia 3: 75–96. brevispica Harms var. dregeana (Benth.) J.H.Ross & Gordon-
(18) Thulin. 1998. Nordic Journal of Botany 18: 513–517. Gray = A. brevispica subsp. dregeana
(19) Swartz. 2002. In Coates Palgrave, Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of
southern Africa, edn 3: 19, 285, 286, 289, 295.
burkei Benth.
A. ferox Benth. (9)
(20) Swartz. 2003. Bothalia 33: 164, 165.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–27 m. Alt 20–1310 m. B, LIM,
albida Delile = Faidherbia albida NW, G, M, S
amboensis Schinz = A. sieberiana var. woodii
caffra (Thunb.) Willd.
arabica (Lam.) Willd. var. kraussiana Benth. = A. nilotica A. caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. longa Glover (9)
subsp. kraussiana A. caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. namaquensis Eckl. & Zeyh. (9)
EUPHORBIACEAE Tragia DICOTYLEDONS

A. caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. tomentosa Glover (9) eriadenia Benth. = A. ataxacantha
A. caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis Glover (9)
A. fallax E.Mey. (9) erioloba E.Mey.
A. multijuga Meisn. (9) A. giraffae in sense of many authors, not of Willd., misapplied name (9)
A. giraffae Willd. var. espinosa Kuntze (9)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–18 m. Alt 15–1723 m. B,
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 5–18 m. Alt 120–1675 m. N,
B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC, WC
caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. campylacantha (Hochst. ex
A.Rich.) Roberty = A. polyacantha subsp. cam- erioloba E.Mey. × A. haematoxylon Willd.
A. giraffae Willd. (9)
pylacantha A. giraffae Willd. × A. haematoxylon Willd. (9)
caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. longa Glover = A. caffra Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–7 m. Alt 240–1350 m. NC
caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. namaquensis Eckl. & Zeyh. = A.
erubescens Welw. ex Oliv.
caffra A. caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. pechuelii Kuntze (9)
caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. pechuelii Kuntze = A. erubes- A. dulcis Marloth & Engl. (9)
cens A. kwebensis N.E.Br. (9)
A. longipetiolata Schinz (9)
caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. tomentosa Glover = A. caffra
caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. transvaalensis Glover = A.
N, B, LIM, NW
caffra
campylacantha Hochst. ex A.Rich. = A. polyacantha exuvialis I.Verd.
subsp. campylacantha Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 275–1250 m.
capensis (Burm.f.) Burch. = A. karroo LIM, M
catechu (L.f.) Willd. subsp. suma (Roxb.) Roberty = A. fallax E.Mey. = A. caffra
polyacantha subsp. campylacantha *farnesiana (L.) Willd.
catechu (L.f.) Willd. subsp. suma (Roxb.) Roberty var. Mimosa farnesiana L. (9)
baumii Roberty = A. fleckii Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt ?–686 m. G,
cinerea Schinz = A. fleckii KZN
circummarginata Chiov. = A. senegal var. leiorhachis ferox Benth. = A. burkei
clavigera E.Mey. = A. robusta subsp. clavigera *fimbriata A.Cunn. ex G.Don
clavigera E.Mey. subsp. clavigera = A. robusta subsp. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–10 m. Alt? EC
clavigera fleckii Schinz
*cultriformis A.Cunn. ex G.Don A. catechu (L.f.) Willd. subsp. suma (Roxb.) Roberty var. baumii
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht? Alt ?–91 m. WC Roberty (9)
A. cinerea Schinz (9)
cyanophylla Lindl. = A. saligna
cyclopis A.Cunn. ex Loudon = A. cyclops N, B, LIM, NW
*cyclops A.Cunn. ex G.Don
A. cyclopis A.Cunn. ex Loudon (9) galpinii Burtt Davy
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–10 m. Alt 10–1600 m. Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.6–36 m. Alt 640–1200 m. B,
G, WC, EC LIM, NW, G, M
davyi N.E.Br. gansbergensis Schinz = A. hereroensis
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–12 m. Alt 155–2900 m. B, gerrardii Benth. subsp. gerrardii var. gerrardii
LIM, M, S, KZN A. hebecladoides Harms (9)
*dealbata Link B, LIM, G, M, S, KZN
A. decurrens Willd. var. mollis Lindl. (9)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 305–1750 m. gillettiae Burtt Davy = A. luederitzii var. retinens
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC giraffae in sense of many authors, not of Willd., misap-
*decurrens (J.C.Wendl.) Willd. plied name = A. erioloba
Mimosa decurrens J.C.Wendl. (9)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–12 m. Alt 700–1500 m. NW, giraffae Willd. = A. erioloba × A. haematoxylon
G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC giraffae Willd. var. espinosa Kuntze = A. erioloba
decurrens Willd. var. mollis Lindl. = A. dealbata giraffae Willd. × A. haematoxylon Willd. = A. erioloba
delagoensis Harms = A. welwitschii subsp. delagoensis × A. haematoxylon
detinens Burch. = A. mellifera subsp. detinens glandulifera Schinz = A. nebrownii
dulcis Marloth & Engl. = A. erubescens
dyeri P.P.Swartz goeringii Schinz = A. luederitzii var. luederitzii
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? EC goetzei Harms subsp. microphylla Brenan, misapplied
*elata A.Cunn. ex Benth. name (17)
A. terminalis in sense of Court, not of (Salisb.) J.F.Macbr., misap- grandicornuta Gerstner
plied name (10)
Perennial. Tree. Ht ± 9 m. Alt? WC M, S, KZN
elephantina Burch. = Elephantorrhiza elephantina
haematoxylon Willd.
elephantorrhiza DC. = Elephantorrhiza elephantina A. atomiphylla Burch. (9)
engleri Schinz = Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 120–1280 m.
var. africana N, NC
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Acacia

harmsiana Dinter = A. kirkii subsp. kirkii var. kirkii Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 380–915 m. N,
hebeclada DC. subsp. chobiensis (O.B.Mill.) A.Schreib. B
A. stolonifera Burch. var. chobiensis O.B.Mill. (9) kosiensis P.P.Swartz
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 914–1435 m. N, Perennial. Tree. Ht 10–17 m. Alt? KZN
B kraussiana Meisn. ex Benth.
hebeclada DC. subsp. hebeclada Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 5–1350 m.
A. hebeclada DC. var. stolonifera (Burch.) Dinter (9)
A. stolonifera Burch. (9)
KZN
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–9 m. Alt 750–2950 m. kwebensis N.E.Br. = A. erubescens
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC lebbeck (L.) Willd. = Albizia lebbeck
hebeclada DC. subsp. tristis (Welw. ex Oliv.) A.Schreib. litakunensis Burch. = A. tortilis subsp. heteracantha
A. tristis Welw. ex Oliv. (9) *longifolia (Andrews) Willd.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–7 m. Alt 915–1450 m. N Mimosa longifolia Andrews (9)
hebeclada DC. var. stolonifera (Burch.) Dinter = A. hebe- Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–8 m. Alt 4–1500 m. S,
clada subsp. hebeclada KZN, WC, EC
hebecladoides Harms = A. gerrardii subsp. gerrardii var. longipetiolata Schinz = A. erubescens
gerrardii lophantha Willd. = Paraserianthes lophantha subsp.
lophantha
hereroensis Engl.
A. gansbergensis Schinz (9) luederitzii Engl. var. luederitzii
A. mellei I.Verd. (9) A. goeringii Schinz (9)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 410–1830 m. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–15 m. Alt 765–1650 m.
N, LIM, NW, G, FS, NC N, B, NC
hermannii Baker f. = A. arenaria luederitzii Engl. var. retinens (Sim) J.H.Ross & Brenan
heteracantha Burch. = A. tortilis subsp. heteracantha A. gillettiae Burtt Davy (9)
A. retinens Sim (9)
hirtella E.Mey. = A. karroo Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 48–1220 m. B,
hirtella Willd. var. inermis Walp. = A. karroo LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
horrida Willd. = A. karroo lugardiae N.E.Br. = A. ataxacantha
horrida Willd. var. transvaalensis Burtt Davy = A. karroo maras Engl. = A. tortilis subsp. heteracantha
*implexa Benth. marlothii Engl. = Albizia anthelmintica
Perennial. Tree. Ht ± 10 m. Alt ± 300 m. WC *mearnsii De Wild.
inconflagrabilis Gerstner = A. karroo Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–18 m. Alt 70–1700 m. LIM,
inermis Marloth = Albizia anthelmintica M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
julibrissin Willd. = Albizia julibrissin *mearnsii De Wild. × A. dealbata Link
Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.61–1.07 m. Alt? EC
kalachariensis Schinz = Dichrostachys cinerea subsp.
africana var. setulosa *melanoxylon R.Br.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–20 m. Alt 200–1900 m. S, KZN,
karroo Hayne
A. capensis (Burm.f.) Burch. (9) WC, EC
A. hirtella E.Mey. (9) mellei I.Verd. = A. hereroensis
A. hirtella Willd. var. inermis Walp. (9) mellifera (Vahl) Benth. subsp. detinens (Burch.) Brenan
A. horrida Willd. (9) A. detinens Burch. (9)
A. horrida Willd. var. transvaalensis Burtt Davy (9) A. tenax Marloth (9)
A. inconflagrabilis Gerstner (9)
A. karroo Hayne var. transvaalensis (Burtt Davy) Burtt Davy (9) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–10 m. Alt 200–1675 m.
A. reticulata (L.) Willd. (9) N, B, LIM, NW, G, S, FS, NC
Mimosa capensis Burm.f. (9) mellifera (Vahl) Benth. subsp. mellifera
Mimosa leucacantha Jacq. (9) A. senegal (L.) Willd. subsp. mellifera (Vahl) Roberty (9)
Mimosa nilotica in sense of Burm.f., not of L., misapplied name (9) Inga mellifera (Vahl) Willd. (9)
Mimosa nilotica in sense of Thunb.(1823), not of L., misapplied Mimosa mellifera Vahl (9)
name (9)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 400–1370 m. N
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC montana P.P.Swartz = A. theronii
karroo Hayne var. transvaalensis (Burtt Davy) Burtt Davy montis-usti Merxm. & A.Schreib.
= A. karroo Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–9 m. Alt 550–775 m. N
karroo Hayne × A. tenuispina I.Verd. mossambicensis Bolle = Faidherbia albida
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt ?–1100 m. G multijuga Meisn. = A. caffra
kirkii Oliv. subsp. kirkii var. intermedia Brenan = A. kirkii natalitia E.Mey.
subsp. kirkii var. kirkii Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–8 m. Alt ?–10 m. M, KZN
kirkii Oliv. subsp. kirkii var. kirkii nebrownii Burtt Davy
A. harmsiana Dinter (9) A. glandulifera Schinz (9)
A. kirkii Oliv. subsp. kirkii var. intermedia Brenan (9) A. rogersii Burtt Davy (9)
A. nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile subsp. adstringens (Schumach. & A. walteri Suess. (9)
Thonn.) Roberty var. kirkii (Oliv.) Roberty (9) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–7.5 m. Alt 550–1435 m.
A. verrucifera Harms (9) N, B, LIM
FABACEAE Acacia DICOTYLEDONS

nigrescens Oliv. robusta Burch. subsp. robusta

A. nigrescens Oliv. var. pallens Benth. (9) Perennial. Tree. Ht 4.5–21 m. Alt 30–1980 m. B, LIM,
A. pallens (Benth.) Rolfe (9) NW, G, M, KZN
A. passargei Harms (9)
Albizia lugardii N.E.Br. (9) robynsiana Merxm. & A.Schreib.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–30 m. Alt 25–1300 m. N, B, LIM, Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–25 m. Alt 1036–1183 m.
NW, G, M, S, KZN N
nigrescens Oliv. var. pallens Benth. = A. nigrescens rogersii Burtt Davy = A. nebrownii
nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile subsp. adstringens (Schu- rostrata Sim = A. senegal var. rostrata
mach. & Thonn.) Roberty var. kirkii (Oliv.) Roberty
rufobrunnea N.E.Br. = A. arenaria
= A. kirkii subsp. kirkii var. kirkii
nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile subsp. kraussiana (Benth.) *saligna (Labill.) H.L.Wendl.
A. cyanophylla Lindl. (9)
Brenan Mimosa saligna Labill. (9)
A. arabica (Lam.) Willd. var. kraussiana Benth. (9) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–10 m. Alt 10–700 m. NC,
A. benthamii Rochebr. (9)
A. nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile var. kraussiana (Benth.) A.F.Hill (9) WC, EC
Mimosa nilotica in sense of Thunb. (1800), not of L., misapplied sambesiaca Schinz = A. robusta subsp. clavigera
name (9)
schweinfurthii Brenan & Exell var. schweinfurthii
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 5–1829 m. N, B, LIM,
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 1.5–12 m. Alt 30–1065
NW, G, M, S, KZN
m. B, LIM, M, KZN, EC
nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile var. kraussiana (Benth.) A.F.Hill
= A. nilotica subsp. kraussiana senegal (L.) Willd. subsp. mellifera (Vahl) Roberty = A.
mellifera subsp. mellifera
pallens (Benth.) Rolfe = A. nigrescens
senegal (L.) Willd. subsp. trispinosa (Stokes) Roberty =
passargei Harms = A. nigrescens
A. senegal var. rostrata
pennata in sense of E.Mey. var. dregeana Benth., mis-
applied name = A. brevispica subsp. dregeana senegal (L.) Willd. var. leiorhachis Brenan
A. circummarginata Chiov. (9)
permixta Burtt Davy Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–9 m. Alt 185–1190 m.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 490–1405 m. LIM, LIM, NW, M
NW
senegal (L.) Willd. var. rostrata Brenan
permixta Burtt Davy var. glabra Burtt Davy = A. tenui- A. rostrata Sim (9)
spina A. senegal (L.) Willd. subsp. trispinosa (Stokes) Roberty (9)
A. spinosa Marloth & Engl. (9)
*podalyriifolia A.Cunn. ex G.Don A. trispinosa Marloth & Engl. (9)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2.5–9 m. Alt 914–1500 m. A. volkii Suess. (9)
G, M, S, KZN Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–8 m. Alt 45–1065 m. N,
polyacantha Willd. subsp. campylacantha (Hochst. ex B, LIM, M, S, KZN
A.Rich.) Brenan sericocephala Fenzl = Albizia amara subsp. serico-
A. caffra (Thunb.) Willd. var. campylacantha (Hochst. ex A.Rich.)
Roberty (9) cephala
A. campylacantha Hochst. ex A.Rich. (9) sieberiana DC. subsp. vermoesenii (De Wild.) Troupin
A. catechu (L.f.) Willd. subsp. suma (Roxb.) Roberty (9) var. vermoesenii = A. sieberiana var. woodii
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–15 m. Alt 460–1000 m. N, B,
LIM sieberiana DC. subsp. vermoesenii (De Wild.) Troupin
var. woodii (Burtt Davy) Keay & Brenan = A.
procera (Roxb.) Willd. = Albizia procera
sieberiana var. woodii
*pycnantha Benth.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 91–300 m. WC sieberiana DC. var. vermoesenii (De Wild.) Keay & Brenan
= A. sieberiana var. woodii
redacta J.H.Ross = Calliandra redacta
reficiens Wawra subsp. reficiens sieberiana DC. var. woodii (Burtt Davy) Keay & Brenan
A. uncinata Engl. (9) A. amboensis Schinz (9)
A. sieberiana DC. subsp. vermoesenii (De Wild.) Troupin var. ver-
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–7.5 m. Alt 700–1160 m. moesenii (9)
N A. sieberiana DC. subsp. vermoesenii (De Wild.) Troupin var.
rehmanniana Schinz woodii (Burtt Davy) Keay & Brenan (9)
A. sieberiana DC. var. vermoesenii (De Wild.) Keay & Brenan (9)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 1100–1370 m. A. vermoesenii De Wild. (9)
B, LIM A. woodii Burtt Davy (9)
reticulata (L.) Willd. = A. karroo Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–18 m. Alt 30–1525 m. N, B,
retinens Sim = A. luederitzii var. retinens LIM, G, M, S, KZN
robbertsii P.P.Swartz spinosa E.Mey. = Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. africana
Perennial. Tree, shrub? Ht 2–4 m. Alt? M var. africana
robusta Burch. subsp. clavigera (E.Mey.) Brenan spinosa Marloth & Engl. = A. senegal var. rostrata
A. clavigera E.Mey. (9) spirocarpa Hochst. ex A.Rich. = A. tortilis subsp. spiro-
A. clavigera E.Mey. subsp. clavigera (9) carpa var. spirocarpa
A. sambesiaca Schinz (9)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–20 m. Alt 15–915 m. N, B, LIM, spirocarpoides Engl. = A. tortilis subsp. heteracantha
M, S, KZN stellata (Forssk.) Willd. = Pterolobium stellatum
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Acacia

stolonifera Burch. = A. hebeclada subsp. hebeclada anthyllodes (L.) Kuntze = Aspalathus aspalathoides
stolonifera Burch. var. chobiensis O.B.Mill. = A. hebe- arida (E.Mey.) Kuntze = Aspalathus arida subsp. arida
clada subsp. chobiensis asparagoides (L.f.) Kuntze = Aspalathus asparagoides
stuhlmannii Taub. subsp. asparagoides
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3.6 m. Alt 490–610 m. LIM astroites (L.) Kuntze = Aspalathus astroites
swazica Burtt Davy calcarata (Harv.) Kuntze = Aspalathus calcarata
LIM, M, S, KZN callosa (L.) Kuntze = Aspalathus callosa
tenax Marloth = A. mellifera subsp. detinens capitata (L.) Kuntze = Aspalathus capitata
tenuispina I.Verd. carnosa (P.J.Bergius) Kuntze = Aspalathus carnosa
A. permixta Burtt Davy var. glabra Burtt Davy (9) cephalotes (Thunb.) Kuntze = Aspalathus cephalotes
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–4.5 m. Alt 695–1650 m. subsp. violaceae
LIM, NW, G chenopoda (L.) Kuntze = Aspalathus chenopoda subsp.
terminalis in sense of Court, not of (Salisb.) J.F.Macbr., chenopoda
misapplied name = A. elata ciliaris (L.) Kuntze = Aspalathus ciliaris
terminalis (Salisb.) J.F.Macbr. collina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Aspalathus collina subsp.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 9–11 m. Alt ?–1320 m. LIM, WC, collina
EC
erythrodes (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Aspalathus ery-
theronii P.P.Swartz throdes
A. montana P.P.Swartz (20)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–6 m. Alt? M, KZN ferox (Harv.) Kuntze = Aspalathus ferox
tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne subsp. heteracantha (Burch.) Brenan leucophaea (Harv.) Kuntze = Aspalathus ciliaris
A. heteracantha Burch. (9) longipes (Harv.) Kuntze = Aspalathus longipes
A. litakunensis Burch. (9)
A. maras Engl. (9) marginalis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Aspalathus mar-
A. spirocarpoides Engl. (9) ginalis
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 30–1360 m. N, opaca (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Aspalathus opaca subsp.
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC opaca
tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne subsp. spirocarpa (Hochst. ex pachyloba (Benth.) Kuntze = Aspalathus pachyloba subsp.
A.Rich.) Brenan var. spirocarpa pachyloba
A. spirocarpa Hochst. ex A.Rich. (9)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–14 m. Alt 915–1275 m. pallescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Aspalathus palles-
N, B cens
trispinosa Marloth & Engl. = A. senegal var. rostrata pappeana (Harv.) Kuntze = Aspalathus opaca subsp. pap-
peana
tristis Welw. ex Oliv. = A. hebeclada subsp. tristis
prostrata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Aspalathus prostrata
uncinata Engl. = A. reficiens subsp. reficiens
recurva (Benth.) Kuntze = Aspalathus recurva
vermoesenii De Wild. = A. sieberiana var. woodii
rubens (Thunb.) Kuntze = Aspalathus rubens
verrucifera Harms = A. kirkii subsp. kirkii var. kirkii
rubro-fusca (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Aspalathus aspara-
viridiramis Burch. = Xerocladia viridiramis goides subsp. rubro-fusca
volkii Suess. = A. senegal var. rostrata sanguinea (Thunb.) Kuntze = Aspalathus sanguinea subsp.
walteri Suess. = A. nebrownii sanguinea
welwitschii Oliv. subsp. delagoensis (Harms) J.H.Ross & spinescens (Thunb.) Kuntze = Aspalathus spinescens subsp.
Brenan spinescens
A. delagoensis Harms (9)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–13 m. Alt 380–800 m. LIM, M subulata (Thunb.) Kuntze = Aspalathus subulata
woodii Burtt Davy = A. sieberiana var. woodii ulicina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze = Aspalathus ulicina subsp.
xanthophloea Benth. ulicina
Perennial. Tree. Ht ?–30 m. Alt 25–800 m. LIM, M, S, villosa J.C.Wendl., not of L. = Liparia angustifolia
KZN vulnerans (Thunb.) Kuntze = Aspalathus vulnerans
ACANTHOBOTRYA C.H.Stirt. 3660010 ADENANTHERA L. 3459000
armata (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Wiborgia mucronata gogo Blanco = Entada rheedii
sessilifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = Lebeckia sessilifolia
ADENOLOBUS Torre & Hillc. 3528020
ACANTHONOTUS Benth. 3702010
echinatus (Willd.) Benth. = Indigofera nummulariifolia (1) Coetzer & Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 55–58.
(2) Germishuizen. 1988. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1979.
ACHYRONIA Kuntze 3662010
garipensis (E.Mey.) Torre & Hillc.
aculeata (Thunb.) Kuntze = Aspalathus aculeata Bauhinia garipensis E.Mey. (1)
FABACEAE Acacia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.7–9 m. Alt 100–1850 m. rhodesiaca Harms

N, NC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt ?–1310 m. LIM
mossamedensis Torre & Hillc. = A. pechuelii subsp. mos- schlechteri Baker f. = A. fluitans
samedensis shirensis Taub. = A. nodulosa var. nodulosa
pechuelii (Kuntze) Torre & Hillc. subsp. mossamedensis uniflora E.Mey. var. uniflora
(Torre & Hillc.) Brummitt & J.H.Ross Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–2.4 m. Alt
A. mossamedensis Torre & Hillc. (1) 5–30 m. KZN, EC
Bauhinia mossamedensis (Torre & Hillc.) C.Cusset (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 400–1750 m. N AFRAFZELIA Pierre 3509010
pechuelii (Kuntze) Torre & Hillc. subsp. pechuelii
Bauhinia pechuelii Kuntze (1) quanzensis (Welw.) Pierre = Afzelia quanzensis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 450–1750 m. N, B AFZELIA Sm. 3509000
ADENOPODIA C.Presl 3468020 Compiled by T. Nkonki
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 40–43.
(1) Brenan. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 77. attenuata Klotzsch = A. quanzensis
petersiana Klotzsch = A. quanzensis
spicata (E.Mey.) C.Presl
Entada natalensis Benth. var. aculeata Harv. (1) quanzensis Welw.
Entada spicata (E.Mey.) Druce (1) Afrafzelia quanzensis (Welw.) Pierre (1)
Mimosa spicata E.Mey. (1) A. attenuata Klotzsch (1)
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 2–6 m. Alt 15–1340 m. A. petersiana Klotzsch (1)
Intsia quanzensis (Welw.) Kuntze (1)
LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC Pahudia quanzensis (Welw.) Prain (1)
AESCHYNOMENE L. 3793000 LIM, M, S, KZN
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo
(1) Gillett. 1960. Kew Bulletin 14: 332–334. ALBIZIA Durazz. 3443000
(2) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 3,1: 364–406. Compiled by H.F. Glen
cristata Vatke var. cristata (1) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 7–24.
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.9–3 m. Alt 915–1030 m. (2) Ross. 1982. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1860.
B (3) Fränz. 1995. European garden flora 4: 468, 469.
fluitans Peter adianthifolia (Schumach.) W.Wight var. adianthifolia

A. schlechteri Baker f. (2) A. fastigiata (E.Mey.) Oliv. (1)
Inga fastigiata (E.Mey.) Oliv. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–4.5 m. Alt 940–1030 m. N, B Mimosa adianthifolia Schumach. (1)
glutinosum Schinz = A. rehmannii var. leptobotrya Zygia fastigiata E.Mey. (1)
indica L. Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.4–20 m. Alt 0–1050 m. LIM, M,
Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt S, KZN, EC
275–1500 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, KZN amara (Roxb.) Boivin subsp. sericocephala (Benth.) Brenan
Acacia sericocephala Fenzl (1)
leptobotrya Harms ex Baker f. = A. rehmannii var. lepto- A. sericocephala Benth. (1)
botrya A. struthiophylla Milne-Redh. (1)
Inga sericocephala A.Rich. (1)
micrantha DC. Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.8–12 m. Alt 200–1050 m. B,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–3 m. Alt 3–915 m. LIM, M, S, LIM
KZN
anthelmintica (A.Rich.) Brongn.
nilotica Taub. Acacia inermis Marloth (1)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 1–3 m. Alt? N Acacia marlothii Engl. (1)
A. anthelmintica (A.Rich.) Brongn. var. australis Baker f. (1)
nodulosa (Baker) Baker f. var. glabrescens J.B.Gillett A. anthelmintica (A.Rich.) Brongn. var. pubescens Burtt Davy (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–3 m. Alt 920–1760 m. LIM A. umbalusiana Sim (1)
nodulosa (Baker) Baker f. var. nodulosa Besenna anthelmintica A.Rich. (1)
A. shirensis Taub. (1) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.9–10.7 m. Alt 25–1650 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–3 m. Alt 920–1600 m. LIM N, B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, NC
nyassana Taub. anthelmintica (A.Rich.) Brongn. var. australis Baker f.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–3 m. Alt 725– = A. anthelmintica
1220 m. LIM, M anthelmintica (A.Rich.) Brongn. var. pubescens Burtt
rehmannii Schinz var. leptobotrya (Harms ex Baker f.) Davy = A. anthelmintica
J.B.Gillett antunesiana Harms
A. glutinosum Schinz (1) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.4–20 m. Alt 500–1250 m.
A. leptobotrya Harms ex Baker f. (1) N, NC
2060 m. LIM, G, M, S brevifolia Schinz
A. parvifolia Burtt Davy (1)
rehmannii Schinz var. rehmannii A. rogersii Burtt Davy (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.4 m. Alt 915–1220 m. LIM, Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 150–1250 m.
M, S N, B, LIM, NW, G
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Adenolobus

distachya (Vent.) J.F.Macbr. = Paraserianthes lophantha camelorum Fisch. = A. maurorum

subsp. lophantha maurorum Medik.
evansii Burtt Davy = A. petersiana subsp. evansii A. camelorum Fisch. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.5 m. Alt ?–400 m. WC
fastigiata (E.Mey.) Oliv. = A. adianthifolia var. adianthi-
folia ALISTILUS N.E.Br. 3910010
forbesii Benth. Compiled by T. Nkonki
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–20 m. Alt 25–550 m. LIM, M, S, (1) Brown. 1921. Kew Bulletin 1921: 294, 295.
KZN
bechuanicus N.E.Br.
harveyi E.Fourn.
A. hypoleuca Oliv. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt 790–1200 m. N, B,
A. pallida Harv. (1) LIM, M
LIM, M, S ALYSICARPUS Desv. 3810000
hypoleuca Oliv. = A. harveyi
*julibrissin (Willd.) Durazz. (2) Schrire. 1988. Bothalia 18: 17–19.
Acacia julibrissin Willd. (3)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–12 m. Alt 1050–1450 m. G, glaber E.Mey. = A. rugosus subsp. perennirufus
KZN glumaceus (Vahl) DC. subsp. glumaceus var. glumaceus
*lebbeck (L.) Benth. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 6–400 m. B, LIM, M,
Acacia lebbeck (L.) Willd. (1) S, KZN
Mimosa lebbeck L. (1) rugosus (Willd.) DC. subsp. perennirufus J.Léonard
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 0–1525 m. G, KZN A. glaber E.Mey. (2)
lebbeck (L.) Benth. var. australis Burtt Davy = A. tan- A. violaceus (Forssk.) Schindl. (2)
A. wallichi Wight & Arn. (2)
ganyicensis subsp. tanganyicensis
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 30–1950 m. B, LIM,
lophantha (Willd.) Benth. = Paraserianthes lophantha
G, M, S, KZN, EC
subsp. lophantha
lugardii N.E.Br. = Acacia nigrescens rugosus (Willd.) DC. subsp. rugosus
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–1.5 m. Alt ?–1550 m. N, B, M,
mossambicensis Sim = A. versicolor KZN
pallida Harv. = A. harveyi
vaginalis (L.) DC. var. vaginalis
parvifolia Burtt Davy = A. brevifolia Hedysarum vaginale L. (2)
petersiana (Bolle) Oliv. subsp. evansii (Burtt Davy) Brenan Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 10–765 m. LIM,
A. evansii Burtt Davy (1) M, S, KZN
Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–10 m. Alt 25–425 m. LIM, M, violaceus (Forssk.) Schindl. = A. rugosus subsp. perenni-
KZN rufus
*procera (Roxb.) Benth. wallichi Wight & Arn. = A. rugosus subsp. perennirufus
Acacia procera (Roxb.) Willd. (1)
Mimosa procera Roxb. (1) zeyheri Harv.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–8 m. Alt 500–600 m. KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 10–1435 m. LIM,
rhodesica Burtt Davy = A. tanganyicensis subsp. tan- NW, G, M, S, KZN
ganyicensis
AMBLYGONOCARPUS Harms 3458000
rogersii Burtt Davy = A. brevifolia
sericocephala Benth. = A. amara subsp. sericocephala
(1) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 132.
struthiophylla Milne-Redh. = A. amara subsp. serico-
cephala andongensis (Welw. ex Oliv.) Exell & Torre
A. obtusangulus (Welw. ex Oliv.) Harms (1)
suluensis Gerstner A. schweinfurthii Harms (1)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 6–10 m. Alt 275–1370 m. KZN Perennial. Tree. Ht 7–16 m. Alt ?–914 m. N, B
tanganyicensis Baker f. subsp. tanganyicensis obtusangulus (Welw. ex Oliv.) Harms = A. andongensis
A. lebbeck (L.) Benth. var. australis Burtt Davy (1) schweinfurthii Harms = A. andongensis
A. rhodesica Burtt Davy (1)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–12 m. Alt 520–1525 m. N, B, AMPHINOMIA DC. 3657020
LIM, NW
umbalusiana Sim = A. anthelmintica bainesii (Baker) A.Schreib. = Lotononis bainesii
versicolor Welw. ex Oliv. brachyantha (Harms) A.Schreib. = Lotononis brachy-
A. mossambicensis Sim (1) antha
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–20 m. Alt 0–1350 m. N, B, curtii (Harms) A.Schreib. = Lotononis curtii
LIM, M, S, KZN
furcata Merxm. & A.Schreib. = Lotononis furcata
*ALHAGI Gagnebin 3783000 rabenaviana (Dinter & Harms) A.Schreib. = Lotononis
Compiled by T. Nkonki rabenaviana
(1) Hutchinson. 1964. The genera of flowering plants 1: 469. schoenfelderi Dinter ex Merxm. & A.Schreib. = Lotononis
(2) Greuter et al. 1989. Med-Checklist 4: 6. schoenfelderi
FABACEAE Albizia DICOTYLEDONS

stipulosa (Baker f.) A.Schreib. = Lotononis stipulosa Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.25 m. Alt 915–1500
strigillosa Merxm. & A.Schreib. = Lotononis strigil- m. WC
losa esterhuyseniae (Granby) A.L.Schutte
Coelidium esterhuyseniae Granby (3)
AMPHITHALEA Eckl. & Zeyh. 3644000 Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo 1067–1830 m. WC
(1) Granby. 1985. Opera Botanica. 80: 5–34. flava (Granby) A.L.Schutte
(2) Schutte & Van Wyk. 1991. Bothalia 21: 58, 59. Coelidium ciliare (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. var. brevifolium L. (3)
(3) Schutte. 1998. Taxon 47: 55–65. Coelidium flavum Granby (3)
alba Granby Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt 300–
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt 45–120 470 m. WC
m. WC fourcadei Compton
axillaris Granby Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 762–1650 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 365–915 m. WC hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. ericifolia subsp. ericifolia
biovulata (Bolus) Granby humilis Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. intermedia
Psoralea biovulata Bolus (1) imbricata (L.) Druce
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 70– A. densa Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
304 m. WC Crotalaria imbricata L. (1)
Lathriogyna candicans Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
bodkinii Dummer Priestleya meyeri Meisn. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt ?–1097 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.8 m. Alt 500–750 m. WC
WC intermedia Eckl. & Zeyh.
bowiei (Benth.) A.L.Schutte A. humilis Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Coelidium bowiei Benth. (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 58–1525 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 325–585 WC
m. WC micrantha Walp.
bullata (Benth.) A.L.Schutte A. pocockiae Bolus (1)
Coelidium bullatum Benth. (3) Cryphiantha imbricata Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.15 m. Alt? WC Ingenhoussia micrantha E.Mey. (1)
cedarbergensis (Granby) A.L.Schutte
Coelidium cedarbergense Granby (3) minima (Granby) A.L.Schutte
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt 795–1676 Coelidium minimum Granby (3)
m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.8 m. Alt? WC
ciliaris Eckl. & Zeyh. monticola A.L.Schutte
Coelidium ciliare (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. (3) Coelidium humile Schltr. (3)
Ingenhoussia rugosa E.Mey. (3) Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 60–685 m. 185–2000 m. WC
WC muirii (Granby) A.L.Schutte
concava Granby Coelidium muirii Granby (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 1300–2000 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 45–
1830 m. WC
cuneifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.
Epistemum ferrugineum Walp. (1) multiflora Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. ericifolia subsp. ericifolia
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2.5 m. Alt 396–1065 m. WC muraltioides (Benth.) A.L.Schutte
cymbifolia (C.A.Sm.) A.L.Schutte A. villosa Schltr. var. brevifolia Schltr. (3)
Coelidium cymbifolium C.A.Sm. (3) Coelidium amphithaleoides Dummer (3)
Coelidium muraltioides Benth. (3)
dahlgrenii (Granby) A.L.Schutte m. WC
Coelidium dahlgrenii Granby (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt 975–1300 m. obtusiloba (Granby) A.L.Schutte
Coelidium obtusilobum Granby (3)
WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt? NC
densa Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. imbricata
oppositifolia L.Bolus
densiflora Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. ericifolia subsp. ericifolia Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 155–610 m.
ericifolia (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. erecta Granby WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 23–245 m. WC pageae (L.Bolus) A.L.Schutte
ericifolia (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. ericifolia Coelidium pageae L.Bolus (3)
A. densiflora Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2 m. Alt 300–310 m. WC
A. hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
A. multiflora Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) parvifolia (Thunb.) A.L.Schutte
Coelidium fourcadei Compton (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.35–0.5 m. Alt 15–732 m. WC Coelidium parviflorum (Thunb.) Druce (3)
ericifolia (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. minuta Granby Coelidium parvifolium (Thunb.) Druce (3)
Coelidium thunbergii Harv., illegitimate name (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–1300 m. WC Crotalaria parvifolia Thunb. (3)
ericifolia (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. scoparia Granby Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 610–1463 m. WC
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Amphinomia

perplexa Eckl. & Zeyh. tenuifolia (Lam.) Kuntze var. filifolia Kuntze = Indigo-
Coelidium perplexum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Granby (3) fera tenuissima
Ingenhoussia rosea E.Mey. (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.35–1.2 m. Alt 305–1677 m. zeyheri (Spreng.) Kuntze var. macrophylla Kuntze = Indigo-
WC fera rostrata
phylicoides Eckl. & Zeyh. zeyheri (Spreng.) Kuntze var. normalis Kuntze = Indigo-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1.5 m. Alt 610–915 m. WC, fera zeyheri
EC
ANTHYLLIS L. 3691000
pocockiae Bolus = A. micrantha
aspalathoides L. = Aspalathus aspalathoides
purpurea (Granby) A.L.Schutte
Coelidium purpureum Granby (3)
APODYNOMENE E.Mey. 3718030
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–1820 m. WC
rostrata A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk grandiflora E.Mey. = Tephrosia grandiflora
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt ?–120 m. WC macropoda E.Mey. = Tephrosia macropoda var. macro-
sericea Schltr. poda
*ARACHIS L. 3803000
speciosa Schltr.
spinosa (Harv.) A.L.Schutte
Coelidium spinosum Harv. (3) fruticosa Retz. = Stylosanthes fruticosa
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 520–1035 m. WC hypogaea L.
stokoei L.Bolus Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt? N, M, KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 325–1050 m. WC
ARGYROLOBIUM Eckl. & Zeyh. 3673000
tomentosa (Thunb.) Granby
Lathriogyna parvifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo
Liparia tomentosa Thunb. (1) (1) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 1–285.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 30–2438 m. WC (2) Dümmer. 1913. The Journal of Botany 51: 221, 222.
(3) Adamson & Salter. 1950. Flora of the Cape Peninsula: 469.
tortilis (E.Mey.) Steud. (4) Ross. 1971. The Flowering Plants of Africa 41: t. 1602.
A. vogelii Walp. (3) (5) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No.
Coelidium tortile (E.Mey.) Druce (3) 39: 57–99.
Ingenhoussia tortilis E.Mey. (3) (6) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 267–275.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 360–975 (7) Edwards. 1993. Bothalia 23: 76–79.
m. WC (8) Edwards. 1994. South African Journal of Botany 60,1: 39–43.
(9) Edwards. 1996. Bothalia 26: 42–46.
villosa Schltr.
Coelidium euchaetioides Dummer (3) aciculare Dummer
Coelidium villosum (Schltr.) Granby (3) Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.1 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 1005–1524 adscendens Walp.
m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt 579–1372 m. M, S,
villosa Schltr. var. brevifolia Schltr. = A. muraltioides KZN
violacea (E.Mey.) Benth. amplexicaule (E.Mey.) Dummer
Ingenhoussia violacea E.Mey. (1) A. pilosum Harv. (6)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 245–1220 m. WC Lotus amplexicaulis E.Mey. (2)
virgata Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, climber. Ht 0.12–1 m. Alt 763–
Indigofera axillaris E.Mey. (1) 2073 m. FS, KZN, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 58–914 m. andrewsianum (E.Mey.) Steud. = A. tomentosum
WC
angustifolium Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. tuberosum
vlokii (A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk) A.L.Schutte
Coelidium vlokii A.L.Schutte & B.-E van Wyk (3) angustissimum (E.Mey.) T.J.Edwards
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? WC
vogelii Walp. = A. tortilis argenteum Eckl. & Zeyh.
williamsonii Harv. Perennial. Shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 274–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 460–610 m. 1676 m. FS, NC, WC, EC
EC baptisioides Walp.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt 610–
ANDRADIA Sim 3530010 1281 m. KZN, EC
arborea Sim = Dialium schlechteri barbatum Walp.
ANILA Kuntze 3702020 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1.8 m. Alt 183–245 m. EC
mauritanica (L.) Kuntze var. oligantha Kuntze = Indi- brevicalyx C.H.Stirt. = Polhillia brevicalyx
gofera candolleana campicola Harms
rupestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze var. glencoensis Kuntze Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.28–0.8 m. Alt 915–1067 m. G,
= Indigofera placida M, FS
FABACEAE Amphithalea DICOTYLEDONS

candicans Eckl. & Zeyh. muirii L.Bolus

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 30–1830 m. KZN, Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt? WC
L, EC nanum Schltr. ex Harms
collinum Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.1 m. Alt 1525–1830 m. M,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 518–1433 KZN
m. FS, KZN, L, EC natalense Dummer = A. longifolium
connatum Harv. = Polhillia connata nigrescens Dummer
crassifolium Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.2 m. Alt 1098–2134 m. M,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 122–1220 FS, KZN, L
m. NW, EC parviflorum T.J.Edwards
crinitum (E.Mey.) Walp. Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt? WC patens Eckl. & Zeyh.
filiforme Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 15–930 m.
A. stenorrhizon Oliv. (3) FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 21–945 m. WC, pauciflorum Eckl. & Zeyh. var. pauciflorum
EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–5.5 m. Alt 250–2043 m. G,
frutescens Burtt Davy M, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.6 m. Alt 762–1464 m. M, S pauciflorum Eckl. & Zeyh. var. semiglabrum Harv.
harveyanum Oliv. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–5.5 m. Alt 396–1433 m. FS,
A. uniflorum Harv. (5) KZN, EC
petiolare Walp.
2450 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? NC
humile E.Phillips
pilosum Harv. = A. amplexicaule
KZN, EC polyphyllum Eckl. & Zeyh.
incanum Eckl. & Zeyh.
1677 m. EC
EC pumilum Eckl. & Zeyh.
involucratum (Thunb.) Harv. = Polhillia involucrata m. FS, WC, EC
lanceolatum Eckl. & Zeyh. pseudotuberosum T.J.Edwards
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht ?–1 m. Alt 155–854 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.6 m. Alt 1067–2074 m. M,
WC, EC S, KZN
lancifolium Burtt Davy rotundifolium T.J.Edwards
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1.25 m. Alt 600– Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1.8 m. Alt 2–976 m. KZN,
1647 m. LIM, M EC
leptocladum Harms = A. lotoides rupestre (E.Mey.) Walp. subsp. rupestre
longifolium (Meisn.) Walp. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 200–2440 m. LIM,
A. natalense Dummer (8) G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 610–1220 m. sandersonii Harv.
KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 549–
lotoides Harv. 1220 m. KZN
A. leptocladum Harms (7)
A. variopile N.E.Br. (7) sankeyi Harms
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 335–3000 m. M, Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–1708 m. KZN
FS, KZN, L, EC sericeum Eckl. & Zeyh.
lydenburgense Harms (insufficiently known) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 305–549 m. EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN sericosemium Harms
marginatum Bolus Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1500–2226 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.8 m. Alt 61–2409 m. S, FS, KZN
KZN, EC speciosum Eckl. & Zeyh.
megarrhizum Bolus Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–5 m. Alt 610–1952 m. G, M,
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–7 m. Alt 945– S, KZN, EC
1311 m. G, M splendens (E.Mey.) Walp.
molle Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ± 300 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 61–2683 m. G, M, stenorrhizon Oliv. = A. filiforme
FS, KZN, WC, EC stipulaceum Eckl. & Zeyh.
muddii Dummer Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.3 m. Alt 6–2440 m. M, FS,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt KZN, EC
1200–1677 m. LIM, M summomontanum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Argyrolobium

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt 2348–2897 m. FS, Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1.5 m. Alt
KZN, L, EC 1525–1829 m. L, NC, EC
sutherlandii Harv. acicularis E.Mey. subsp. planifolia R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht ?–0.9 m. Alt ?–610 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt ?–1550 m. NC,
m. KZN EC
tomentosum (Andrews) Druce acidota Garab. ex R.Dahlgren
A. andrewsianum (E.Mey.) Steud. (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.2 m. Alt? WC
acifera R.Dahlgren
m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt? WC
transvaalense Schinz
aciloba R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 35–90 m. WC
610–2040 m. LIM, M
aciphylla Harv.
tuberosum Eckl. & Zeyh.
A. angustifolium Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 80–
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 91–2897 m. LIM, 975 m. WC, EC
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC acocksii (R.Dahlgren) R.Dahlgren
A. quinquefolia L. subsp. acocksii R.Dahlgren (13)
tysonii Harms Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 400–970 m. NC,
KZN, EC
aculeata Thunb.
uniflorum Harv. = A. harveyanum Achyronia aculeata (Thunb.) Kuntze (4)
variopile N.E.Br. = A. lotoides Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 180–305 m. WC
velutinum Eckl. & Zeyh. acuminata Lam. subsp. acuminata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? FS, KZN, A. inervis (E.Mey.) Benth. (10)
WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–2.5 m. Alt 12–
wilmsii Harms 1500 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 640–1830 m. LIM, acuminata Lam. subsp. magniflora R.Dahlgren = A.
M, S, FS, KZN, EC tulbaghensis
woodii Dummer (insufficiently known) acuminata Lam. subsp. pungens (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? KZN A. pungens Thunb. (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 185–1204 m. NC
ASPALATHUS L. 3662000 acutiflora R.Dahlgren
Compiled by T. Nkonki Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt ?–45
(1) Dahlgren. 1960. Opera Botanica 4: 7–389. m. WC
(2) Dahlgren. 1961. Opera Botanica 6: 9–118.
(3) Dahlgren. 1962. Botaniska Notiser 115,4: 465–473. adelphea Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. subtingens
(4) Dahlgren. 1963. Opera Botanica 8,1: 1–179. aemula E.Mey.
(5) Dahlgren. 1964. Botaniska Notiser 117,2: 188–196. A. sericea P.J.Bergius subsp. aemula (E.Mey.) R.Dahlgren (13)
(6) Dahlgren. 1965. Opera Botanica 10,1: 1–231. Ononis spicata Thunb. (13)
(7) Dahlgren. 1966. Opera Botanica 11,1: 7–266. Paraspalathus aemula (E.Mey.) C.Presl (13)
(8) Dahlgren. 1967. The Flowering Plants of Africa 38: tt. 1481, 1482. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 520–915 m. WC
(9) Dahlgren. 1967. Botaniska Notiser 120: 26–40
(10) Dahlgren. 1968. Opera Botanica 21: 8–304. aerula E.Mey. β ramulosa (E.Mey.) Harv. = A. ramu-
(11) Dahlgren. 1968. Opera Botanica 22: 7–119. losa
(12) Dahlgren. 1969. Flowering Plants of Africa 40: tt. 1570, 1571.
(13) Dahlgren. 1988. FSA 16, 3, 6: 1–423. affinis Thunb. = A. pinguis subsp. pinguis
abietina Thunb. agardhiana DC. = A. albens
A. filifolia E.Mey. (9)
A. fornicata Benth. (9) albanensis Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. frankenioides
Paraspalathus crocea C.Presl (9) albens L.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 15–1062 m. A. agardhiana DC. (10)
WC A. armata Thunb. (10)
A. exilis Harv. (10)
acanthes Eckl. & Zeyh. Buchenroedera teretifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–3.5 m. Alt 75–730 m. WC, Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 15–305
EC m. NC, WC
acanthiloba R.Dahlgren albiflora Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. hispida subsp. albiflora
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt ?–180 m.
alopecuroides E.Mey. = A. setacea
WC
alopecurus Benth.
acanthoclada R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 10–220 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt? WC
alpestris (Benth.) R.Dahlgren
acanthophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. Borbonia alpestris Benth. (11)
A. chamissonis Vogel (7) Borbonia pungens Mundt ex Benth. (11)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 15–975 m.
acicularis E.Mey. subsp. acicularis WC
FABACEAE Argyrolobium DICOTYLEDONS

alpina Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. asparagoides subsp. rubro- Achyronia anthyllodes (L.) Kuntze (1)
fusca Anthyllis aspalathoides L. (1)
A. anthylloides L. (1)
alternifolia Harv. = A. nudiflora A. kraussiana Meisn. (1)
A. stellaris Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
altissima R.Dahlgren Paraspalathus stellaris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (1)
amoena (R.Dahlgren) R.Dahlgren 1405 m. WC
A. retroflexa L. subsp. amoena R.Dahlgren (6)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt? WC asparagoides L.f. subsp. asparagoides
Achyronia asparagoides (L.f.) Kuntze (4)
angustifolia (Lam.) R.Dahlgren subsp. angustifolia Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 10–
Borbonia angustifolia Lam. (11) 270 m. WC
Borbonia decipiens E.Mey. (11)
Borbonia lanceolata L. (11) asparagoides L.f. subsp. rubro-fusca (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Borbonia lanceolata L. β angustifolia (Lam.) Walp. (11) R.Dahlgren
Borbonia lanceolata L. var. villosa E.Phillips (11) Achyronia rubro-fusca (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (4)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 15– A. alpina Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
600 m. NC, WC, EC A. rubro-fusca Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 305–610 m. WC,
angustifolia (Lam.) R.Dahlgren subsp. robusta (E.Phillips)
EC
R.Dahlgren
Borbonia lanceolata L. var. robusta E.Phillips (11) astroites L.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 155–1525 m. WC, EC Achyronia astroites (L.) Kuntze (10)
angustissima E.Mey. = A. filicaulis
attenuata R.Dahlgren
anthylloides L. = A. aspalathoides
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt ?–290 m. WC
appendiculata E.Mey. = A. ciliaris
aulonogena Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. ciliaris
araneosa L.
Paraspalathus araneosa (L.) C.Presl (4) aurantiaca R.Dahlgren
Paraspalathus cancellata C.Presl (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.01–1.5 m. Alt 90–914 m. barbata (Lam.) R.Dahlgren
WC Borbonia barbata Lam. (11)
araneosa L. β rigidor E.Mey. = A. rubiginosa Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.3 m. Alt 366–520 m. WC
arenaria R.Dahlgren barbigera R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.7 m. Alt 18–600 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 60–80 m. WC
argentea L. = A. caledonensis batodes Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. batodes
A. munita Bolus (10)
argentea L. β glabriuscula E.Mey. = A. tridentata Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.35–0.5 m. Alt
subsp. tridentata 364–520 m. WC
argyraea DC. = A. pedunculata batodes Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. spinulifolia R.Dahlgren
argyrella MacOwan Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt 168–400 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 50–1005 m. WC
WC benthamii Harv. = A. spicata
argyrophanes R.Dahlgren bicolor Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. retroflexa subsp. bicolor
bidouwensis Garab. ex R.Dahlgren
WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–
arida E.Mey. subsp. arida 1000 m. WC
Achyronia arida (E.Mey.) Kuntze (7)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 30–1320 m. biflora E.Mey. subsp. biflora
A. suffruticosa DC. (10)
WC
arida E.Mey. subsp. erecta (E.Mey.) R.Dahlgren WC, EC
Cyphocalyx aridus (E.Mey.) C.Presl (7)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1.5 m. Alt ?–150 m. WC biflora E.Mey. subsp. longicarpa R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–60 m. EC
arida E.Mey. subsp. procumbens (E.Mey.) R.Dahlgren
Cyphocalyx major C.Presl (7) bodkinii Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 107–305 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.02–0.7 m. Alt 850–2135
m. WC m. WC
aristata Compton borboniifolia R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt 1125–1220 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 610–765 m. WC
WC bowieana (Benth.) R.Dahlgren
aristifolia R.Dahlgren A. canescens L. β bowieana Benth. (6)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt 120–546 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.5 m. Alt 244–564 m. WC,
WC EC
armata Thunb. = A. albens bracteata Thunb.
A. capillaris (Thunb.) Benth. (1)
aspalathoides (L.) R.Dahlgren A. pedunculata L’Hér. (1)
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Aspalathus

A. squarrosa Thunb. (1) carnosa P.J.Bergius

Ononis capillaris Thunb. (1) Achyronia carnosa (P.J.Bergius) Kuntze (7)
Psilolepus bracteatus (Thunb.) C.Presl (1) Paraspalathus carnosa (P.J.Bergius) C.Presl (7)
Psilolepus pedunculatus (L’Hér.) C.Presl (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 9–750 m. WC
WC, EC cephalotes Thunb. β albida Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. cepha-
lotes subsp. violaceae
brevicarpa (R.Dahlgren) R.Dahlgren
A. divaricata Thunb. subsp. brevicarpa R.Dahlgren (13) cephalotes Thunb. subsp. cephalotes
A. spicata Thunb. β cephalotes (Thunb.) Harv. (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.1 m. Alt 200–1370 m. Paraspalathus cephalotes (Thunb.) C.Presl (2)
WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 250–762 m. WC
burchelliana Benth. cephalotes Thunb. subsp. obscurifolia R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.8 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? WC
caerulescens E.Mey. = Lotononis caerulescens cephalotes Thunb. subsp. violaceae R.Dahlgren
caespitosa R.Dahlgren Achyronia cephalotes (Thunb.) Kuntze (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC A. cephalotes Thunb. β albida Eckl. & Zeyh. (2)
calcarata Harv.
Achyronia calcarata (Harv.) Kuntze (6) WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 122–152 cerrhantha Eckl. & Zeyh.
m. WC Paraspalathus cerrhantha (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (2)
calcarea R.Dahlgren
A. remota L.Bolus (10) WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 20–155 m. chamissonis Vogel = A. acanthophylla
WC chenopoda L. β gracilis Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. chenopoda
caledonensis R.Dahlgren subsp. gracilis
A. argentea L. (13)
Paraspalathus argentea (L.) C.Presl (13)
chenopoda L. subsp. chenopoda
Achyronia chenopoda (L.) Kuntze (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 182–580 m. A. chenopus Spreng. (4)
WC Trineuria chenopoda (L.) C.Presl (4)
callosa L. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 46–305 m. WC
Achyronia callosa (L.) Kuntze (7) chenopoda L. subsp. gracilis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahlgren
Paraspalathus callosa (L.) C.Presl (7) A. chenopoda L. β gracilis Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 15–1585 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt? WC
WC
chenopus Spreng. = A. chenopoda subsp. chenopoda
callosa L. var. α fusca (Thunb.) Harv. = A. fusca
chortophila Eckl. & Zeyh.
callosa L. var. β brevifolia Benth. = A. tylodes A. frankenioides DC. var. α chortophila (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (6)
campestris R.Dahlgren Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–3 m. Alt 10–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt ?–39 m. 1890 m. KZN, WC, EC
WC chortophila Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. congesta R.Dahlgren
canaliculata E.Mey. = A. stenophylla = A. congesta
candicans W.T.Aiton chortophila Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. kougaensis R.Dahlgren
A. sericea Lam. (7) = A. kougaensis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 15–533 m. WC chrysantha R.Dahlgren
candidula R.Dahlgren Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt 480–610 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 60–165 m. WC
WC ciliaris L.
canescens L. = A. laricifolia subsp. canescens Achyronia ciliaris (L.) Kuntze (4)
Achyronia leucophaea (Harv.) Kuntze (4)
canescens L. α elongata E.Mey. = A. laricifolia subsp. A. appendiculata E.Mey. (4)
canescens A. aulonogena Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
A. dubia E.Mey. (4)
canescens L. β bowieana Benth. = A. bowieana A. leucophaea Harv. (4)
capensis (Walp.) R.Dahlgren A. meyeriana Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
A. sarcodes Vogel ex Benth. (7) A. oresigena Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
Sarcocalyx capensis Walp. (7) A. papillosa Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
Sarcophyllus carnosus Thunb. (7) A. robusta Bolus (4)
Paraspalathus meyeriana (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 2–396 m. WC Trineuria appendiculata (E.Mey.) C.Presl (4)
capillaris (Thunb.) Benth. = A. bracteata Trineuria ciliaris (L.) C.Presl (4)
Trineuria papillosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (4)
capitata L. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 15–1500 m. WC,
Achyronia capitata (L.) Kuntze (7)
A. glomerata L.f. (7) EC
Paraspalathus capitata (L.) C.Presl (7) ciliatistyla L.Bolus = A. mundiana
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht ?–2 m. Alt 365–950 m. WC cinerascens E.Mey.
capitella Burch. ex Benth. = A. inops Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2.5 m. Alt 45–670 m. EC
FABACEAE Aspalathus DICOTYLEDONS

cinerea Thunb. = A. cytisoides Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 15–1372 m.

citrina R.Dahlgren WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 60– crenata (L.) R.Dahlgren
460 m. WC A. leiantha (E.Phillips) R.Dahlgren (13)
Borbonia alata Willd. ex Spreng. (11)
cliffortiifolia R.Dahlgren Borbonia crenata L. (11)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? EC Borbonia leiantha E.Phillips (13)
Borbonia parviflora Lam. (11)
cliffortioides Bolus
A. spicata Thunb. subsp. cliffortioides (Bolus in Schltr.) R.Dahlgren Borbonia ruscifolia Sims (11)
(13) Borbonia serrulata Thunb. (11)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 150–1465 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1.8 m. Alt 75–1525 m. WC
cognata C.Presl = A. linearis cuspidata R.Dahlgren
collina Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. collina
Achyronia collina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (7) m. WC
A. versicolor E.Mey. (7) cuspidata R.Dahlgren subsp. stricticlada R.Dahlgren =
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 155– A. stricticlada
1830 m. WC, EC cymbiformis DC.
collina Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. luculenta R.Dahlgren A. cymbiformis DC. var. α hirta DC. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2.8 m. Alt 372–1420 m. WC A. cymbiformis DC. var. β cochleariformis C.Presl (4)
A. cymbiformis DC. var. β pubescens DC. (4)
commutata (Vogel) R.Dahlgren A. scaphoides Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
Borbonia commutata Vogel (11) A. thymifolia L. (4)
Borbonia undulata Thunb. (11) Trineuria cochleariformis C.Presl (4)
Borbonia undulata Thunb. var. ciliata E.Phillips (11) Trineuria cymbiformis (DC.) C.Presl (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 460–1450 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 27–915 m. WC
comosa Thunb. = A. parviflora cymbiformis DC. var. α hirta DC. = A. cymbiformis
compacta R.Dahlgren cymbiformis DC. var. β cochleariformis C.Presl = A.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? WC cymbiformis
complicata (Benth.) R.Dahlgren cymbiformis DC. var. β pubescens DC. = A. cymbi-
Borbonia complicata Benth. (11)
formis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt? WC
cytisoides Lam.
comptonii R.Dahlgren A. cinerea Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC A. concavifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahlgren (1)
concava Bolus A. cytisoides Lam. β decumbens Benth. (1)
Cliffortia concavifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt ?–800 m. WC Paraspalathus cinerea (Thunb.) C.Presl (1)
concavifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahlgren = A. cytisoides Paraspalathus cytisoides (Lam.) C.Presl (1)
condensata R.Dahlgren Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 609–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC 1500 m. WC
confusa R.Dahlgren cytisoides Lam. β decumbens Benth. = A. cytisoides
A. simsiana Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) dasyantha Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.03–1 m. Alt 91–305 m. WC
congesta (R.Dahlgren) R.Dahlgren deciduifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. nigra
A. chortophila Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. congesta R.Dahlgren (13) decora R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1829–1891 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 950–1350 m. WC
m. WC
densifolia Benth.
cordata (L.) R.Dahlgren Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt ?–200 m. WC
Borbonia cordata L. (11)
Borbonia cordifolia Lam. (11) desertorum Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 30–368 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.7–1 m. Alt ?–305 m. WC
cordicarpa R.Dahlgren dianthopora E.Phillips
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC? Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 460–1100 m. WC
corniculata R.Dahlgren diffusa Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.9 m. Alt ?–754 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 487–500 m. WC
corrudifolia P.J.Bergius digitifolia R.Dahlgren
A. genistoides L. (10) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 488–915 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 300–1065 m. WC, EC WC
corrudifolia P.J.Bergius β pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. divaricata Thunb. β microphylla (DC.) Harv. = A. micro-
setacea phylla
corymbosa E.Mey. = A. linearis divaricata Thunb. subsp. brevicarpa R.Dahlgren = A. brevi-
costulata Benth. carpa
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 180–1220 m. WC divaricata Thunb. subsp. divaricata
crassisepala R.Dahlgren Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 30–
A. retroflexa L. var. γ parviflora Harv. (10) 1770 m. NW, WC

divaricata Thunb. subsp. gracilior R.Dahlgren filicaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. β subumbellata Harv. = A. fili-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt 518–600 m. caulis
WC filifolia E.Mey. = A. abietina
divaricata Thunb. subsp. horizontalis R.Dahlgren = A. flavispina C.Presl = A. spinosa subsp. flavispina
horizontalis
flexuosa Thunb.
divaricata Thunb. subsp. leptocoma (Eckl. & Zeyh.) A. kannaensis Eckl. & Zeyh., as ‘carmaensis’ (6)
R.Dahlgren = A. leptocoma A. mollis Lam. β flexuosa (Thunb.) E.Mey. (6)
divergens Willd. ex E.Mey. = A. microphylla Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1.5 m. Alt 76–305 m.
WC
divergens Willd. ex E.Mey. α microphylla (DC.) E.Mey.
= A. microphylla floribunda Benth. = A. subulata
dregeana Walp. = A. incurva florifera R.Dahlgren
A. glomerata Benth. (6)
dubia E.Mey. = A. ciliaris Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–2 m. Alt 91–457 m. WC
dunsdoniana Alston ex R.Dahlgren florulenta R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 70–495 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt ?–730 m.
echinata E.Mey. = A. setacea WC
elliptica (E.Phillips) R.Dahlgren forbesii Harv.
Borbonia elliptica E.Phillips (11) A. priorii Harv., as ‘priori’ (2)
Borbonia latifolia Benth. (11) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 46–60
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–2 m. Alt 610–1160 m. WC m. WC
elongata Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. quinquefolia subsp. virgata fornicata Benth. = A. abietina
elongata E.Mey. α virgata Benth. = A. linguiloba fourcadei L.Bolus
empetrifolia (R.Dahlgren) R.Dahlgren Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt ?–350 m. EC
A. retroflexa L. subsp. empetrifolia R.Dahlgren (13) frankenioides DC.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC A. albanensis Eckl. & Zeyh. (10)
ericifolia L. subsp. ericifolia A. frankenioides DC. var. γ albanensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (10)
Paraspalathus ericifolia (L.) C.Presl (6) A. tomentosa E.Mey. (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 25–765 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 460–1341
m. WC, EC
ericifolia L. subsp. minuta R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ?–460 m. WC frankenioides DC. var. α alpina Harv. = A. intermedia
ericifolia L. subsp. puberula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahlgren frankenioides DC. var. α chortophila (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
= A. puberula Harv. = A. chortophila
ericifolia L. subsp. pusilla R.Dahlgren frankenioides DC. var. α poliotes (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt ?–150 m. WC = A. intermedia
erythrodes Eckl. & Zeyh. frankenioides DC. var. β intermedia (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Achyronia erythrodes (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (7) Harv. = A. intermedia
Paraspalathus erythrodes (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (7) frankenioides DC. var. γ albanensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? WC Harv. = A. frankenioides
esterhuyseniae R.Dahlgren fusca Thunb.
A. pumila R.Dahlgren (13) A. callosa L. var. α fusca (Thunb.) Harv. (7)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 915–1675 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1.5 m. Alt 50–
excelsa R.Dahlgren 500 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.3–3 m. Alt ?–50 m. WC galeata E.Mey.
exilis Harv. = A. albens Paraspalathus galeata (E.Mey.) C.Presl (2)
falcata Benth. = A. lanata Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 380–
1140 m. WC
fasciculata (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren
A. involucrata E.Mey. (1) galioides P.J.Bergius = A. retroflexa subsp. retroflexa
A. undulata Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) genistoides L. = A. corrudifolia
Heterolathus involucrata (E.Mey.) C.Presl (1)
Ononis fasciculata Thunb. (1) gerrardii Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 610–915 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt 15–500 m. KZN,
ferox Harv. EC
Achyronia ferox (Harv.) Kuntze (7) gillii Benth. = A. setacea
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC glabrata R.Dahlgren
ferruginea H.P.Banks ex Benth. = A. ternata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 152–183 m. WC
filicaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. glabrescens R.Dahlgren
A. angustissima E.Mey. (6) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1.8 m. Alt 549–600 m. WC
A. filicaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. β subumbellata Harv. (6)
Paraspalathus filicaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (6) glauca Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. spinosa subsp. glauca
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 303–610 m. globosa Andrews
WC A. pileata L.Bolus (2)

Paraspalathus globosa (Andrews) C.Presl (2) incurva Thunb.

Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–2.5 m. Alt 747–762 m. WC A. dregeana Walp. (4)
globulosa E.Mey. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 304–549 m.
A. nigra L. β involucrata Pappe ex Harv. (2) WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 152–350 m. incurvifolia Vogel ex Walp.
WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 15–1115 m.
glomerata Benth. = A. florifera WC
glomerata L.f. = A. capitata inervis (E.Mey.) Benth. = A. acuminata subsp. acuminata
glossoides R.Dahlgren inops Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt? WC A. capitella Burch. ex Benth. (13)
A. stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. garciana R.Dahlgren (13)
gracilifolia R.Dahlgren = A. juniperina subsp. gracili- Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 450–1204
folia m. WC
gracilis Garab. ex Fourc. = A. rubens intermedia Eckl. & Zeyh.
grandiflora Benth. A. frankenioides DC. var. α alpina Harv. (6)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.3 m. Alt 80–1300 m. WC A. frankenioides DC. var. α poliotes (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (6)
A. frankenioides DC. var. β intermedia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (6)
granulata R.Dahlgren A. hiatuum Eckl. & Zeyh. (6)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 396–1065 m. A. leptothria Eckl. & Zeyh. (6)
WC A. poliotes Eckl. & Zeyh. (6)
Paraspalathus intermedia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (6)
grobleri R.Dahlgren Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.35–0.6 m. Alt 120–610
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 100–120 m. WC m. WC
heterophylla L.f. intervallaris Bolus
A. stachyera Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Paraspalathus heterophylla (‘Thunb.’) C.Presl (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.7–1 m. Alt 61–975 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.08–0.3 m. Alt 115–840 WC
m. WC intricata Compton subsp. anthospermoides (R.Dahlgren)
heterophylla L.f. subsp. lagopus (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren = R.Dahlgren
A. wittebergensis Compton & P.E.Barnes subsp. anthospermoides
A. lotoides subsp. lagopus R.Dahlgren (10)
heterophylla L.f. subsp. lotoides (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren = Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt? WC
A. lotoides subsp. lotoides intricata Compton subsp. intricata
hiatuum Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. intermedia A. wittebergensis Compton & P.E.Barnes subsp. intricata (Compton)
R.Dahlgren (10)
hirta E.Mey. subsp. hirta
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2.5 m. Alt 50–1080 m. NC, Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 960–1524
WC m. FS, WC
intricata Compton subsp. oxyclada (Compton) R.Dahlgren
hirta E.Mey. subsp. stellaris R.Dahlgren A. oxyclada Compton (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.5 m. Alt? WC A. wittebergensis Compton & P.E.Barnes subsp. oxyclada (Compton)
hispida Thunb. subsp. albiflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahlgren (9)
R.Dahlgren Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–1150 m. WC
A. albiflora Eckl. & Zeyh. (6) involucrata E.Mey. = A. fasciculata
A. thymifolia L. α albiflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. (6)
isolata (R.Dahlgren) R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 60–1065 m. WC, EC A. varians Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. isolata R.Dahlgren (13)
hispida Thunb. subsp. hispida Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt? WC
A. micrantha E.Mey. (6) jacobaea E.Mey. = A. quinquefolia subsp. quinquefolia
A. microcarpa DC. (6)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1.8 m. Alt 3– joubertiana Eckl. & Zeyh.
1500 m. NC, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 152–1525
m. WC
horizontalis (R.Dahlgren) R.Dahlgren
A. divaricata Thunb. subsp. horizontalis R.Dahlgren (13) joubertiana Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. glabripetala R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–517 m. WC = A. shawii subsp. glabripetala
horrida Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. spinosa subsp. spinosa joubertiana Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. longispica R.Dahlgren
= A. shawii subsp. longispica
humilis Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 1000–1220 m. WC joubertiana Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. shawii (L.Bolus) R.Dahl-
gren = A. shawii subsp. shawii
hypnoides R.Dahlgren
juniperina Thunb. subsp. gracilifolia (R.Dahlgren) R.Dahl-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.8 m. Alt ?–420 m. WC
gren
hystrix L.f. A. gracilifolia R.Dahlgren (13)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 82–1465 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt ?–1000 m. WC
incana R.Dahlgren juniperina Thunb. subsp. grandis R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–1250 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.8 m. Alt 50–160 m. WC
incompta Thunb. juniperina Thunb. subsp. juniperina
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.91–2.7 m. Alt 60–305 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.9–1.5 m. Alt 30–1371 m.
WC WC

juniperina Thunb. subsp. monticola R.Dahlgren Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.7–1 m. Alt 115–680 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 02–0.6 m. Alt 1000–2000 WC
m. WC leiantha (E.Phillips) R.Dahlgren = A. crenata
kannaensis Eckl. & Zeyh., as ‘carmaensis’ = A. flexuosa leipoldtii Schltr. = A. spinescens subsp. lepida
karrooensis R.Dahlgren lenticula Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ?–1220 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
katbergensis (R.Dahlgren) R.Dahlgren lepida E.Mey. = A. spinescens subsp. lepida
A. simii Bolus subsp. katbergensis R.Dahlgren (13)
leptocoma Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 52–1600 m. WC, EC A. divaricata Thunb. subsp. leptocoma (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahlgren (13)
keeromsbergensis R.Dahlgren Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.3 m. Alt 50–765 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? WC WC
kougaensis (Garab. ex R.Dahlgren) R.Dahlgren leptophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. uniflora
A. chortophila Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. kougaensis R.Dahlgren (13) leptoptera Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–3 m. Alt 150– Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt ?–1370 m. WC
1420 m. WC, EC leptothria Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. intermedia
kraussiana Meisn. = A. aspalathoides leucocephala E.Mey. = A. quinquefolia subsp. virgata
lactea Thunb. β meyeri Harv. = A. obliqua leucophaea Harv. = A. ciliaris
lactea Thunb. γ zeyheri Harv. = A. zeyheri
leucophylla R.Dahlgren
lactea Thunb. subsp. adelphea (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahlgren Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 701–1065 m. WC
= A. subtingens leucophylla R.Dahlgren subsp. septentrionalis R.Dahlgren
lactea Thunb. subsp. breviloba R.Dahlgren = A. petersonii
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–245 m. WC linearifolia (Burm.f.) DC.
lactea Thunb. subsp. lactea A. linearifolia DC. β discreta Drège (13)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 2–915 m. WC A. rugosa Thunb. subsp. linearifolia (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren (13)
Trineuria linearifolia (DC.) C.Presl (13)
laeta Bolus Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2 m. Alt 155–305 m. WC
A. rubrocalyx Garab. ex Compton (7)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt ?–1370 m. linearifolia DC. β discreta Drège = A. linearifolia
WC, EC linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren
A. cognata C.Presl (13)
lamarckiana R.Dahlgren A. corymbosa E.Mey. (13)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt? WC A. linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren subsp. pinifolia (Marloth) R.Dahl-
gren (13)
lanata E.Mey. A. tenuifolia DC. (13)
A. falcata Benth. (1)
Borbonia pinifolia Marloth (13)
Psilolepus lanatus (E.Mey.) C.Presl (1)
Lebeckia linearis (Burm.f.) DC. (13)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–5 m. Alt 426–640 m. Psoralea linearis Burm.f. (13)
lanceicarpa R.Dahlgren 1220 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–450 m. EC linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren subsp. latipetala R.Dahlgren
lanceifolia R.Dahlgren = A. lebeckioides
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–6.1 m. Alt 15–460 m. linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren subsp. pinifolia (Marloth)
WC R.Dahlgren = A. linearis
lanceolata Benth. = Lotononis lanceolata linguiloba R.Dahlgren
A. elongata E.Mey. α virgata Benth. (4)
lanifera R.Dahlgren A. macrosepala Steud., as ‘macrosepalus’ (4)
Borbonia villosa Harv. (11)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 1005–1370 m. WC
WC
laricifolia Lam. = A. uniflora
longifolia Benth.
laricifolia P.J.Bergius subsp. canescens (L.) R.Dahlgren Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 150–1464 m. WC
A. canescens L. (6)
A. canescens L. α elongata E.Mey. (6) longipes Harv.
A. neanthes Eckl. & Zeyh. (6) Achyronia longipes (Harv.) Kuntze (10)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 100–610 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 60–100 m.
m. WC, EC WC
laricifolia P.J.Bergius subsp. laricifolia lotiflora R.Dahlgren
A. laricina DC. (6) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? Distr.?
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1.21 m. Alt 12–1200 lotoides Thunb. subsp. lagopus (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren
m. KZN, WC, EC A. heterophylla L.f. subsp. lagopus (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren (13)
laricina DC. = A. laricifolia subsp. laricifolia Ononis lagopus Thunb. (13)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.15 m. Alt ?–61 m. WC
latifolia Bolus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 75–1219 m. WC lotoides Thunb. subsp. lotoides
A. heterophylla L.f. subsp. lotoides (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren (13)
lebeckioides R.Dahlgren A. procumbens E.Mey. (13)
A. linearis (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren subsp. latipetala R.Dahlgren (13) Paraspalathus humifusa C.Presl (13)

Paraspalathus lotoides (Thunb.) C.Presl (13) Paraspalathus nigrescens (E.Mey.) C.Presl (2)
Paraspalathus procumbens (E.Mey.) C.Presl (13) Trineuria deciduifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (2)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.15 m. Alt 30–60 m. Trineuria fuscescens C.Presl (2)
WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1.2 m. Alt 15–1200 m.
NC, WC
macrantha Harv.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 183–320 m. WC nigra L. β involucrata Pappe ex Harv. = A. globulosa
macrocarpa Eckl. & Zeyh. nigra L. β squamulosa E.Mey. = A. nigra
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–2 m. Alt 400–540 m. WC nigrescens E.Mey. = A. nigra
macrosepala Steud., as ‘macrosepalus’ = A. linguiloba nivalis Schltr. ex Marloth = A. pedicellata
marginalis Eckl. & Zeyh. nivea Thunb.
Achyronia marginalis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (10)
Trineuria marginalis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt 85–610 m. EC EC
marginata Harv. nudiflora Harv.
A. alternifolia Harv. (11)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 55–1065 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 274–1525 m. WC
WC
obliqua R.Dahlgren
melanoides Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. nigra A. lactea Thunb. β meyeri Harv. (7)
meyeri Harv. = A. quinquefolia subsp. virgata Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 762–915 m.
meyeriana Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. ciliaris WC
micrantha E.Mey. = A. hispida subsp. hispida oblongifolia R.Dahlgren
microcarpa DC. = A. hispida subsp. hispida Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–2 m. Alt 40–122 m. WC
microdon Benth. = A. steudeliana obtusata Thunb.
A. spinosa L. subsp. obtusata (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren (13)
microdon Benth. β granulifera Benth. = A. steudeliana
microphylla DC.
A. divaricata Thunb. β microphylla (DC.) Harv. (10) obtusifolia R.Dahlgren
A. divergens Willd. ex E.Mey. (10) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt ?–122 m. WC
A. divergens Willd. ex E.Mey. α microphylla (DC.) E.Mey. (10)
odontoloba R.Dahlgren
WC
oliveri R.Dahlgren
millefolia R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.75 m. Alt? NC
WC opaca Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. opaca
Achyronia opaca (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (4)
mollis Lam. β flexuosa (Thunb.) E.Mey. = A. flexuosa A. schlechteri Bolus (4)
monosperma (DC.) R.Dahlgren Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 120–975 m.
Borbonia monosperma DC. (11) WC
opaca Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. pappeana (Harv.) R.Dahl-
853 m. WC
gren
mucronata L.f. = Wiborgia mucronata Achyronia pappeana (Harv.) Kuntze (4)
multiflora Thunb. = A. vermiculata A. pappeana Harv. (4)
mundiana Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 120–184 m.
A. ciliatistyla L.Bolus (7) WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 106–381 m. WC opaca Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. rostriloba R.Dahlgren
munita Bolus = A. batodes subsp. batodes Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 120–245 m.
muraltioides Eckl. & Zeyh. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 91–1600 m. WC orbiculata Benth.
myrtillifolia Benth. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ?–1250 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt? Distr.? oresigena Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. ciliaris
neanthes Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. laricifolia subsp. canescens oxyclada Compton = A. intricata subsp. oxyclada
neglecta Salter pachyloba Benth. subsp. macroclada R.Dahlgren
A. spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta (Salter) R.Dahlgren (13) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 365–1220 m. WC
pachyloba Benth. subsp. pachyloba
nervosa E.Mey. = A. spicata Achyronia pachyloba (Benth.) Kuntze (7)
niger L. = A. nigra Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–2 m. Alt 290–1500 m. WC
nigra L. pachyloba Benth. subsp. rugulicarpa R.Dahlgren
A. deciduifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt 650–750 m. WC
A. melanoides Eckl. & Zeyh. (2)
A. niger L. (2) pachyloba Benth. subsp. succulentifolia R.Dahlgren =
A. nigra L. β squamulosa E.Mey. (2) A. pachyloba subsp. villicaulis
A. nigrescens E.Mey. (2)
A. pallens Eckl. & Zeyh. (2) pachyloba Benth. subsp. villicaulis R.Dahlgren
Paraspalathus melanoides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (2) A. pachyloba Benth. subsp. succulentifolia R.Dahlgren (13)
Paraspalathus nigra (L.) C.Presl (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 900–1675 m. WC

pallens Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. nigra pinguis Thunb. subsp. longissima R.Dahlgren
pallescens Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.4–1.8 m. Alt 10–275 m. WC
Achyronia pallescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (4) pinguis Thunb. subsp. occidentalis R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 45–100 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt ?–20 m. WC
pallidiflora R.Dahlgren pinguis Thunb. subsp. pinguis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 1708–2100 m. A. affinis Thunb. (7)
papillosa Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. ciliaris plukenetiana Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. rugosa
pappeana Harv. = A. opaca subsp. pappeana poliotes Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. intermedia
parviflora P.J.Bergius polycephala E.Mey. subsp. lanatifolia R.Dahlgren
A. comosa Thunb. (6) A. polycephala E.Mey. var. pauciflora E.Mey. (1)
Trineuria comosa (Thunb.) C.Presl (6) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1.6 m. Alt 1000–1525
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 61–500 m. m. WC
WC polycephala E.Mey. subsp. polycephala
patens Garab. ex R.Dahlgren Heterolathus polycephala (E.Mey.) C.Presl (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 1800–1830 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.7–2 m. Alt 960–
pedicellata Harv. 1450 m. WC
A. nivalis Schltr. ex Marloth (10) polycephala E.Mey. subsp. rigida (Schltr.) R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 1372–2135 m. WC A. rigida Schltr. (1)
pedunculata Houtt. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 700–
A. argyraea DC. (10) 915 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 490–700 m. WC polycephala E.Mey. var. pauciflora E.Mey. = A. poly-
pedunculata L’Hér. = A. bracteata cephala subsp. lanatifolia
pendula R.Dahlgren potbergensis R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–3.5 m. Alt 230–610 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 420–518 m. WC
WC priorii Harv., as ‘priori’ = A. forbesii
perfoliata (Lam.) R.Dahlgren subsp. perfoliata proboscidea R.Dahlgren
Borbonia perfoliata Lam. (11) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt? WC
procumbens E.Mey. = A. lotoides subsp. lotoides
perfoliata (Lam.) R.Dahlgren subsp. phillipsii R.Dahl-
gren propinqua E.Mey. = A. triquetra
Borbonia multiflora (Harv.) E.Phillips (11) prostrata Eckl. & Zeyh.
Borbonia undulata Thunb. var. multiflora Harv. (11) Achyronia prostrata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 460–765 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.8 m. Alt? WC
perforata (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren psoraleoides (C.Presl) Benth.
Borbonia candolleana Eckl. & Zeyh. (11) Paraspalathus psoraloides C.Presl (1)
Borbonia ciliata Willd. (11) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC
Borbonia perforata Eckl. & Zeyh. (11)
Borbonia perforata Thunb. (11) puberula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahlgren
Borbonia perforata Thunb. var. breviflora Walp. (11) A. ericifolia L. subsp. puberula (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahlgren (13)
Borbonia perforata Thunb. var. pauciflora Harv. (11) Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt ?–122 m. WC
Borbonia perforata Thunb. var. pluriflora Harv. (11)
pulicifolia R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? NC
petersonii R.Dahlgren
A. leucophylla R.Dahlgren subsp. septentrionalis R.Dahlgren (13) pumila R.Dahlgren = A. esterhuyseniae
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.3 m. Alt 200–1090 m. NC, pungens Thunb. = A. acuminata subsp. pungens
WC purpurascens E.Mey. = A. ternata
pigmentosa R.Dahlgren purpurea Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. ternata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–305 m. WC
pycnantha R.Dahlgren
pilantha R.Dahlgren Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 10–20 m.
pileata L.Bolus = A. globosa quadrata L.Bolus
pilosa L. = A. tridentata subsp. tridentata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 24–200 m.
WC
pinea Thunb. subsp. caudata R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 400–914 m. quinquefolia L. subsp. acocksii R.Dahlgren = A. acocksii
WC quinquefolia L. subsp. compacta R.Dahlgren
pinea Thunb. subsp. pinea Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 244–258 m.
Plagiostigma pinea (Thunb.) C.Presl (6) WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt? WC quinquefolia L. subsp. hispida (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren
pinguis Thunb. subsp. australis R.Dahlgren Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 47–488
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 12–150 m. WC m. WC

quinquefolia L. subsp. quinquefolia rigidifolia R.Dahlgren

A. jacobaea E.Mey. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt ?–1900 m. WC
Paraspalathus jacobaea (E.Mey.) C.Presl (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 60–610 m. robusta Bolus = A. ciliaris
WC rosea Garab. ex R.Dahlgren
quinquefolia L. subsp. virgata (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? WC
A. elongata Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) rostrata Benth.
A. leucocephala E.Mey. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt ?–830 m. WC
A. meyeri Harv. (1)
A. strictus Steud. (1) rostripetala R.Dahlgren
A. virgata Thunb. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? WC
Paraspalathus ascendens (E.Mey.) C.Presl (1)
Paraspalathus elongata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (1) rubens Thunb.
Paraspalathus virgata (Thunb.) C.Presl (1) Achyronia rubens (Thunb.) Kuntze (10)
A. gracilis Garab. ex Fourc. (10)
WC
WC, EC
radiata Garab. ex R.Dahlgren subsp. pseudosericea
rubiginosa R.Dahlgren
R.Dahlgren A. araneosa L. β rigidor E.Mey. (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 610–1066 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 975–1370 m. WC, EC
m. WC
rubro-fusca Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. asparagoides subsp.
radiata Garab. ex R.Dahlgren subsp. radiata rubro-fusca
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt 550–1675 m.
WC rubrocalyx Garab. ex Compton = A. laeta
ramosissima R.Dahlgren rugosa Thunb.
A. plukenetiana Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 1300–1350 m. WC Paraspalathus plukenetiana (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (1)
ramulosa E.Mey. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 440–915 m. WC, EC
A. aerula E.Mey. β ramulosa (E.Mey.) Harv. (1)
rugosa Thunb. subsp. linearifolia (Burm.f.) R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.7 m. Alt 60–610 m. WC = A. linearifolia
rectistyla R.Dahlgren rupestris R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 990–1830
recurva Benth. m. WC
Achyronia recurva (Benth.) Kuntze (7)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 275–520 m. rycroftii R.Dahlgren
WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.6 m. Alt? WC
recurvispina R.Dahlgren salicifolia R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? EC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 1067–
1220 m. WC
remota Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. spicata
salteri L.Bolus
remota L.Bolus = A. calcarea Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt 15–215 m.
repens R.Dahlgren WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ± 90 m. WC sanguinea Thunb. subsp. foliosa R.Dahlgren
retroflexa L. β bicolor (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. = A. retro- Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 25–155 m. WC
flexa subsp. bicolor sanguinea Thunb. subsp. sanguinea
retroflexa L. γ parviflora Harv. = A. crassisepala Achyronia sanguinea (Thunb.) Kuntze (7)
retroflexa L. subsp. amoena R.Dahlgren = A. amoena Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 8–305 m. WC
retroflexa L. subsp. angustipetala R.Dahlgren sarcodes Vogel ex Benth. = A. capensis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–4 m. Alt ?–830 m. WC scaphoides Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. cymbiformis
retroflexa L. subsp. bicolor (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahl- sceptrum-aureum R.Dahlgren
gren Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–2.5 m. Alt 800–1405 m. WC
A. bicolor Eckl. & Zeyh. (10) schlechteri Bolus = A. opaca subsp. opaca
A. retroflexa L. β bicolor (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (10)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–1.5 m. Alt ?–170 m. secunda E.Mey.
WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt ?–250 m. WC
retroflexa L. subsp. empetrifolia R.Dahlgren = A. em- securifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.
petrifolia A. securifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. crassa R.Dahlgren (13)
retroflexa L. subsp. retroflexa
A. galioides P.J.Bergius (10) securifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. crassa R.Dahlgren =
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 30–1158 m. A. securifolia
WC sericea Lam. = A. candicans
rigescens E.Mey. = A. setacea sericea P.J.Bergius
Paraspalathus sericea (P.J.Bergius) C.Presl (1)
rigescens E.Mey. β echinata (E.Mey.) Harv. = A. setacea Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 15–1005 m.
rigida Schltr. = A. polycephala subsp. rigida WC

sericea P.J.Bergius subsp. aemula (E.Mey.) R.Dahlgren Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt ?–200 m. WC
= A. aemula spinosa L. β flavispina C.Presl ex Benth. = A. spinosa
serpens R.Dahlgren subsp. flavispina
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 60–765 m. spinosa L. subsp. flavispina (C.Presl ex Benth.) R.Dahl-
WC gren
setacea Eckl. & Zeyh. A. flavispina C.Presl (7)
A. alopecuroides E.Mey. (6) A. spinosa L. β flavispina C.Presl ex Benth. (7)
A. corrudifolia P.J.Bergius β pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh. (6) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt 45–945 m. WC
A. echinata E.Mey. (6)
A. gillii Benth. (6) spinosa L. subsp. glauca (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahlgren
A. glauca Eckl. & Zeyh. (7)
A. rigescens E.Mey. (6)
A. rigescens E.Mey. β echinata (E.Mey.) Harv. (6) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 430–671 m. WC
Trineuria rigescens (E.Mey.) C.Presl (6) spinosa L. subsp. obtusata (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren = A.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.25–3.5 m. Alt 5–1705 m. KZN, obtusata
WC, EC
spinosa L. subsp. spinosa
shawii L.Bolus subsp. glabripetala (R.Dahlgren) A. horrida Eckl. & Zeyh. (7)
R.Dahlgren Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.3 m. Alt 15–1950 m. KZN,
A. joubertiana Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. glabripetala R.Dahlgren (13) NC, WC, EC
spinosissima R.Dahlgren subsp. spinosissima
shawii L.Bolus subsp. longispica (R.Dahlgren) R.Dahl- Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 762–1244 m. WC
gren
A. joubertiana Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. longispica R.Dahlgren (13) spinosissima R.Dahlgren subsp. tenuiflora R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt 762–1000 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 1250–1677 m. WC
shawii L.Bolus subsp. shawii squarrosa Thunb. = A. bracteata
A. joubertiana Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. shawii (L.Bolus) R.Dahlgren (13) stachyera Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. heterophylla
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 73–1370 m. NC, staurantha Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. tridentata subsp. stau-
WC rantha
simii Bolus stellaris Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. aspalathoides
KZN, EC stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh.
A. canaliculata E.Mey. (1)
simii Bolus subsp. katbergensis R.Dahlgren = A. kat- A. stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. colorata R.Dahlgren (13)
bergensis Paraspalathus stenophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (1)
simsiana Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. confusa Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.35 m. Alt 305–
1280 m. WC
singuliflora R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt? WC stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. colorata R.Dahlgren =
A. stenophylla
smithii R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 100–245 m. stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. garciana R.Dahlgren
WC = A. inops
spectabilis R.Dahlgren steudeliana Brongn.
A. microdon Benth. (7)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 244–425 m. WC A. microdon Benth. β granulifera Benth. (7)
sphaerocephala Schltr. = A. truncata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 10–914 m. WC
spicata Thunb. stokoei L.Bolus
A. benthamii Harv. (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–3 m. Alt 366–450 m. WC
A. nervosa E.Mey. (4)
A. remota Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) stricticlada (R.Dahlgren) R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–2.5 m. Alt 30– A. cuspidata R.Dahlgren subsp. stricticlada R.Dahlgren (13)
1065 m. NC, WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? WC
spicata Thunb. β cephalotes (Thunb.) Harv. = A. cepha- strictus Steud. = A. quinquefolia subsp. virgata
lotes subsp. cephalotes suaveolens Eckl. & Zeyh.
Heterolathus suaveolens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (1)
spicata Thunb. subsp. cliffortioides (Bolus in Schltr.) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt 700–1677 m.
R.Dahlgren = A. cliffortioides WC
spicata Thunb. subsp. neglecta (Salter) R.Dahlgren = A. submissa R.Dahlgren
neglecta Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 60–1105 m.
spiculata R.Dahlgren WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt? WC subtingens Eckl. & Zeyh.
spinescens Thunb. subsp. lepida (E.Mey.) R.Dahlgren A. adelphea Eckl. & Zeyh. (13)
A. leipoldtii Schltr. (7) A. lactea Thunb. subsp. adelphea (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahlgren (13)
A. lepida E.Mey. (7) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 5–1675 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.35–2 m. Alt 30–1130 m. NC, NC, WC, EC
WC subulata Thunb.
spinescens Thunb. subsp. spinescens Achyronia subulata (Thunb.) Kuntze (7)
Achyronia spinescens (Thunb.) Kuntze (7) A. floribunda Benth. (7)

Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 275– A. callosa L. β brevifolia Benth. (7)
460 m. WC Paraspalathus fagonioides C.Presl (7)
suffruticosa DC. = A. biflora subsp. biflora 245 m. WC
sulphurea R.Dahlgren ulicina Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. kardouwensis R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt ?–680 m.
taylorii R.Dahlgren WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.45 m. Alt 152–244 ulicina Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. ulicina
m. WC Achyronia ulicina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze (10)
tenuifolia DC. = A. linearis Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1.5 m. Alt 152–610 m. WC
tenuissima R.Dahlgren undulata Eckl. & Zeyh. = A. fasciculata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ± 795 m. WC uniflora L.
teres Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. teres A. laricifolia Lam. (6)
A. leptophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. (6)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–4.5 m. Alt 200–765 m.
WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–2.5 m. Alt 90–1770 m. WC,
EC
teres Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. thodei R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.8 m. Alt ?–245 m. WC uniflora L. subsp. willdenowiana (Benth.) R.Dahlgren =
A. willdenowiana
ternata (Thunb.) Druce
A. ferruginea H.P.Banks ex Benth. (1) vacciniifolia R.Dahlgren
A. purpurascens E.Mey. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 915–1677 m.
A. purpurea Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) WC
Galega ternata Thunb. (1)
Paraspalathus purpurascens (E.Mey.) C.Presl (1) varians Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 30–490 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 50–61 m. WC
thymifolia L. = A. cymbiformis varians Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. isolata R.Dahlgren = A.
isolata
thymifolia L. α albiflora (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. = A.
hispida subsp. albiflora variegata Eckl. & Zeyh.
tomentosa E.Mey. = A. frankenioides
WC
tridentata L. subsp. fragilis R.Dahlgren
venosa E.Mey.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt ?–780 m. NC, WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
tridentata L. subsp. rotunda R.Dahlgren
verbasciformis R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–2 m. Alt ?–800 m. WC
tridentata L. subsp. staurantha (Eckl. & Zeyh.) R.Dahl-
vermiculata Lam.
gren A. multiflora Thunb. (10)
A. staurantha Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Paraspalathus multiflora (Thunb.) C.Presl (10)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 30–620 m. NC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–2 m. Alt ?–850 m. WC
WC
versicolor E.Mey. = A. collina subsp. collina
tridentata L. subsp. tridentata villosa Thunb.
A. argentea L. β glabriuscula E.Mey. (1)
Paraspalathus villosa (Thunb.) C.Presl (1)
A. pilosa L. (1)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 30– Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.15 m. Alt 460–1690
1130 m. NC, WC m. WC
triquetra Thunb. viminea N.E.Br. = Lotononis viminea
A. propinqua E.Mey. (2) virgata Thunb. = A. quinquefolia subsp. virgata
Pachyraphea propinqua (E.Mey.) C.Presl (2)
Pachyraphea triquetra (Thunb.) C.Presl (2) vulnerans Thunb.
Pachyraphea zeyheriana C.Presl (2) Achyronia vulnerans (Thunb.) Kuntze (10)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–2 m. Alt 90– Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 185–800 m. NC,
1830 m. WC WC
truncata Eckl. & Zeyh. vulpina Garab. ex R.Dahlgren
A. sphaerocephala Schltr. (13) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
A. truncata Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. sphaerocephala (Schltr.) R.Dahl- willdenowiana Benth.
gren (13) A. uniflora L. subsp. willdenowiana (Benth.) R.Dahlgren (13)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt ?–1065 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 91–914 m. WC
truncata Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. sphaerocephala (Schltr.) wittebergensis Compton & P.E.Barnes
R.Dahlgren = A. truncata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 870–1370 m. WC
tuberculata Walp. wittebergensis Compton & P.E.Barnes subsp. anthos-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 30–765 m. WC permoides R.Dahlgren = A. intricata subsp.
tulbaghensis R.Dahlgren anthospermoides
A. acuminata Lam. subsp. magniflora R.Dahlgren (13) wittebergensis Compton & P.E.Barnes subsp. intricata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt? WC (Compton) R.Dahlgren = A. intricata subsp.
tylodes Eckl. & Zeyh. intricata

wittebergensis Compton & P.E.Barnes subsp. oxyclada (7) Phillipson. 1992. The Flowering Plants of Africa 52: t. 2054.
(Compton) R.Dahlgren = A. intricata subsp. oxy- (8) Pooley. 1993. The complete field guide to trees of Natal, Zululand
& Transkei: 150–153.
clada
bainesii Schinz = Tylosema esculentum
wurmbeana E.Mey.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 60–335 m. WC bowkeri Harv.
Pauletia bowkeri (Harv.) A.Schmitz (4)
zeyheri (Harv.) R.Dahlgren Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–18 m. Alt 0–750 m. KZN,
A. lactea Thunb. γ zeyheri Harv. (7)
EC
burkeana (Benth.) Harv. = Tylosema esculentum
ASPALTHIUM Medik. 3703000 cissoides Oliv. = Tylosema fassoglense
acaulis (Stev.) Hutch. = Bituminaria acaulis esculenta Burch. = Tylosema esculentum
bituminosum (L.) Fourr. = Bituminaria bituminosa fassoglensis Schweinf. = Tylosema fassoglense
frutescens Medik. = Bituminaria bituminosa galpinii N.E.Br.
B. punctata Bolle (4)
herbaceum Medik. = Bituminaria bituminosa Perlebia galpinii (N.E.Br.) A.Schmitz (4)
ASTRAGALUS L. 3766000 Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 0.5–8 m. Alt 25–1400
m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
garipensis E.Mey. = Adenolobus garipensis
(1) Gillett. 1964. Kew Bulletin 17,3: 413–423.
(2) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae. 4: 1054–1058. kirkii Oliv. = Tylosema fassoglense
atropilosulus (Hochst.) Bunge subsp. burkeanus (Harv.) macrantha Oliv. = B. petersiana subsp. macrantha
J.B.Gillett var. burkeanus mossamedensis (Torre & Hillc.) C.Cusset = Adenolobus
A. burkeanus Harv. (2) pechuelii subsp. mossamedensis
Lessertia stipulata Baker (1) natalensis Oliv. ex Hook.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.9 m. Alt 915–1403 m. LIM, Perlebia natalensis (Oliv. ex Hook.) A.Schmitz (4)
NW, G, M, KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 300–1250 m. M,
*bisulcatus (Hook.) A.Gray KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? LIM pechuelii Kuntze = Adenolobus pechuelii subsp.
burkeanus Harv. = A. atropilosulus subsp. burkeanus pechuelii
var. burkeanus petersiana Bolle subsp. macrantha (Oliv.) Brummitt &
J.H.Ross
BAIKIAEA Benth. 3507000 B. macrantha Oliv. (4)
Compiled by T. Nkonki B. petersiana Bolle subsp. serpae (Ficalho & Hiern) Brummitt &
J.H.Ross (4)
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 35–37.
B. serpae Ficalho & Hiern (4)
Perlebia macrantha (Oliv.) A.Schmitz (4)
plurijuga Harms Perennial. Tree, shrub, climber. Ht 1.5–10 m. Alt 550–
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–25 m. Alt 850–1150 m. N, B 1800 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G
BAPHIA Afzel. ex Lodd. 3612000 petersiana Bolle subsp. petersiana
Perlebia petersiana (Bolle) A.Schmitz (4)
Compiled by H.F. Glen Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 900–1150 m. N
(1) Brummitt. 1965. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 39: 157–188. petersiana Bolle subsp. serpae (Ficalho & Hiern) Brum-
(2) Ross. 1982. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1857.
(3) Soladoye. 1985. Kew Bulletin 40: 291–336. mitt & J.H.Ross = B. petersiana subsp. macrantha
henriquesiana Taub. = B. massaiensis subsp. obovata punctata Bolle = B. galpinii
var. obovata *purpurea L.
massaiensis Taub. subsp. obovata (Schinz) Brummitt Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–10 m. Alt 0–1500 m. LIM, M,
var. obovata KZN
B. henriquesiana Taub. (1) serpae Ficalho & Hiern = B. petersiana subsp. macrantha
B. obovata Schinz (1) thonningii Schumach. = Piliostigma thonningii
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 250–1200 m. N, tomentosa L.
B, LIM B. tomentosa L. var. glabrata Hook.f. (4)
obovata Schinz = B. massaiensis subsp. obovata var. Pauletia tomentosa (L.) A.Schmitz (4)
obovata Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–8 m. Alt 0–1250 m. LIM,
racemosa (Hochst.) Baker G, M, S, KZN, EC
Bracteolaria racemosa Hochst. (3) tomentosa L. var. glabrata Hook.f. = B. tomentosa
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.8–10 m. Alt 0–900 m. urbaniana Schinz
KZN, EC Perlebia urbaniana (Schinz) A.Schmitz (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 900–1250 m. N, B
BAUHINIA L. 3528000
*variegata L. var. variegata
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 0–1500 m. LIM, G, M,
KZN
(3) Toelken. 1968. The Flowering Plants of Africa 39: t. 1531, 1532. welwitschii Oliv. = Tylosema fassoglense
(4) Coetzer & Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 47–55.
(5) Ross. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 46: tt. 1816, 1817.
(6) Germishuizen & Glen. 1988. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50:
BESENNA A.Rich. 3443020
t. 1980. anthelmintica A.Rich. = Albizia anthelmintica

BITUMINARIA Heist. ex Fabr. 3703020 laevigata L. = Liparia laevigata

Compiled by T. Nkonki lanceolata L. = Aspalathus angustifolia subsp. angus-
(1) Stirton. 1981. Bothalia 13: 318. tifolia
acaulis (Stev.) C.H.Stirt. lanceolata L. β angustifolia (Lam.) Walp. = Aspalathus
Aspalthium acaulis (Stev.) Hutch (1) angustifolia subsp. angustifolia
Psoralea acaulis Stev. ap. Hoffm. (insufficiently known) (1) lanceolata L. var. robusta E.Phillips = Aspalathus
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? Distr.? angustifolia subsp. robusta
bituminosa (L.) C.H.Stirt. (insufficiently known) lanceolata L. var. villosa E.Phillips = Aspalathus
Aspalthium bituminosum (L.) Fourr. (1) angustifolia subsp. angustifolia
Aspalthium frutescens Medik. (1)
Aspalthium herbaceum Medik. (1) latifolia Benth. = Aspalathus elliptica
Psoralea bituminosa L. (1) leiantha E.Phillips = Aspalathus crenata
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? Distr.? monosperma DC. = Aspalathus monosperma
BOLUSAFRA Kuntze 3893010 multiflora (Harv.) E.Phillips = Aspalathus perfoliata
subsp. phillipsii
myrtifolia (Thunb.) Poir. = Liparia myrtifolia
(1) Bullock. 1965. Kew Bulletin 19,2: 200.
parviflora Lam. = Aspalathus crenata
bituminosa (L.) Kuntze
Fagelia bituminosa (L.) DC., rejected name (1) perfoliata Lam. = Aspalathus perfoliata subsp. perfo-
Glycine bituminosa L. (1) liata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.75–2.5 m. Alt 30–732 m. perfoliata Thunb. = Rafnia acuminata
WC, EC perforata Eckl. & Zeyh. = Aspalathus perforata
BOLUSANTHUS Harms 3607010 perforata Thunb. = Aspalathus perforata
perforata Thunb. var. breviflora Walp. = Aspalathus
perforata
(1) Harms. 1906. Feddes Repertorium 2: 14–16.
(2) Phillips. 1921. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 1: t. 23. perforata Thunb. var. pauciflora Harv. = Aspalathus
speciosus (Bolus) Harms perforata
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–12 m. Alt 15–1400 m. B, LIM, perforata Thunb. var. pluriflora Harv. = Aspalathus
G, M, S, KZN perforata
pinifolia Marloth = Aspalathus linearis
BOLUSIA Benth. 3732000 pungens Mundt ex Benth. = Aspalathus alpestris
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo ruscifolia Sims = Aspalathus crenata
(1) Merxmüller. 1970. FSWA 60: 15. serrulata Thunb. = Aspalathus crenata
amboensis (Schinz) Harms sphaerica (L.) Lam. = Liparia splendens subsp. splen-
Phaseolus amboensis Schinz (1)
dens
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt ?–1158 m. N
tomentosa L. = Liparia vestita
capensis Benth.
umbellifera (Thunb.) Poir. = Liparia umbellifera
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 1220–1281 m. B, NW,
FS undulata Thunb. = Aspalathus commutata
undulata Thunb. var. ciliata E.Phillips = Aspalathus
BORBONIA L. 3653000 commutata
alata Willd. ex Spreng. = Aspalathus crenata undulata Thunb. var. multiflora Harv. = Aspalathus
alpestris Benth. = Aspalathus alpestris perfoliata subsp. phillipsii
angustifolia Lam. = Aspalathus angustifolia subsp. vestita Thunb. = Liparia vestita
angustifolia villosa Harv. = Aspalathus lanifera
barbata Lam. = Aspalathus barbata villosa Thunb. = Liparia angustifolia
candolleana Eckl. & Zeyh. = Aspalathus perforata
capitata (Thunb.) Poir. = Liparia capitata BRACHYSTEGIA Benth. 3504000
ciliata Willd. = Aspalathus perforata Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo
(1) Brenan. 1967. FTEA Leguminosae 2: 191.
commutata Vogel = Aspalathus commutata (2) Hurter & Van Wyk. 2001. Bothalia. 31: 43, 44.
complicata Benth. = Aspalathus complicata
boehmii Taub.
cordata L. = Aspalathus cordata B. filiformis Burtt Davy & Hutch. (1)
cordifolia Lam. = Aspalathus cordata Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–21 m. Alt? B
crenata L. = Aspalathus crenata filiformis Burtt Davy & Hutch. = B. boehmii
decipiens E.Mey. = Aspalathus angustifolia subsp. spiciformis Benth.
angustifolia Perennial. Tree. Ht 15–20 m. Alt? LIM
elliptica E.Phillips = Aspalathus elliptica
graminifolia (L.) Lam. = Liparia graminifolia BRACTEOLARIA Hochst. 3612010
hirsuta (Thunb.) Poir. = Liparia hirsuta racemosa Hochst. = Baphia racemosa
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Bituminaria

BRASILETTIA DC. 3561010 *decapetala (Roth) Alston

C. sepiaria Roxb. (2)
africana (Sond.) Kuntze = Peltophorum africanum Reichardia decapetala Roth (2)
BUCHENROEDERA Eckl. & Zeyh. 3663000 LIM, G, M, S, KZN, WC
amajubica Burtt Davy = Lotononis amajubica dinteri Harms = Haematoxylum dinteri
biflora Bolus = Lotononis eriocarpa *gilliesii (Wall. ex Hook.) Benth.
Poinciana gilliesii Wall. ex Hook. (2)
glabrescens Dummer = Lotononis glabrescens Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–4.5 m. Alt 370–1405 m. N,
glabriflora N.E.Br. = Lotononis caerulescens LIM, NW, FS, WC, EC
gracilis Eckl. & Zeyh. = Lotononis alpina subsp. mul- melanosticta Spreng. = Hoffmannseggia burchellii subsp.
tiflora burchellii
griquana Schltr. = Lotononis stricta merxmuellerana A.Schreib.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt? N
holosericea (E.Mey.) Benth. = Lotononis holosericea
obovata Schinz = Haematoxylum dinteri
lotononoides Scott-Elliot = Lotononis lotononoides
pearsonii L.Bolus
meyeri C.Presl = Lotononis meyeri Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt? N
multiflora Eckl. & Zeyh. = Lotononis alpina subsp. pectinata Cav. = C. spinosa
multiflora *pulcherrima (L.) Sw.
pauciflora Schltr. = Lotononis carnosa subsp. carnosa Poinciana pulcherrima L. (2)
sparsiflora J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans = Lotononis Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–6 m. Alt 305–1189 m. G, M,
galpinii KZN
tenuifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. pulchella (E.Mey.) Harv. = rostrata N.E.Br.
Lotononis pulchella Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–3.5 m. Alt ?–15 m. M
rubra (Engl.) Brenan
tenuifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. tenuifolia = Lotononis Hoffmannseggia rubra Engl. (2)
pulchella Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–2 m. Alt 410–2000 m. N, B
teretifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = Aspalathus albens sepiaria Roxb. = C. decapetala
trichodes C.Presl = Lotononis trichodes *spinosa (Molina) Kuntze
umbellata Harv. = Lotononis meyeri C. pectinata Cav. (2)
Coulteria tinctoria Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth (2)
viminea C.Presl = Lotononis viminea Poinciana spinosa Molina (2)
Tara spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose (2)
BURKEA Benth. 3474000 Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–5 m. Alt? N, WC
(1) Killick. 1967. The Flowering Plants of Africa 38: t. 1505. CAESALPINIOIDES Kuntze 3544010
(2) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 14–16. africanum (Welw. ex Benth.) Kuntze = Erythrophleum
africana Hook. africanum
B. africana Hook. var. andongensis Oliv. (2)
B. africana Hook. var. cordata Welw. ex Oliv. (2) CAILLIEA Guill. & Perr. 3452010
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–15 m. Alt 450–1950 m. N, B, dichrostachys Guill. & Perr. = Dichrostachys cinerea
LIM, NW, G, M subsp. africana var. africana
africana Hook. var. andongensis Oliv. = B. africana dichrostachys Guill. & Perr. var. leptostachys (DC.)
africana Hook. var. cordata Welw. ex Oliv. = B. africana Guill. & Perr. = Dichrostachys cinerea subsp.
africana var. africana
CAESALPINIA L. 3559000
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo *CAJANUS DC. 3892000
(1) Hattink. 1974. Reinwardtia 9: 1–69. Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo
(2) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 122–130.
(1) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 4: 709–711.
(3) Schreiber. 1980. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
(2) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 388.
München 16: 51–71.
(4) Germishuizen. 1991. Bothalia 21: 152–154. cajan (L.) Millsp.
(5) Germishuizen et al. 2001. Flowering Plants of Africa 57: 70–74, C. indicus Spreng. (1)
t. 2173. Cytisus cajan L. (1)
bonduc (L.) Roxb. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt 155–
C. bunducella (L.) Fleming (2) 1035 m. N, LIM, G, M, S, KZN
C. crista L. (2)
Guilandina bonduc L. (2)
indicus Spreng. = C. cajan
Perennial. Tree, shrub, climber. Ht 1.5–6 m. Alt 2–8 m. CALLIANDRA Benth. 3444000
KZN, EC
bracteata Germish. (1) Thulin et al. 1981. Nordic Journal of Botany 1: 27–34.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt? NC
redacta (J.H.Ross) Thulin & Asfaw
bunducella (L.) Fleming = C. bonduc Acacia redacta J.H.Ross (1)
crista L. = C. bonduc Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 550–960 m. NC
FABACEAE Brasilettia DICOTYLEDONS

CALPURNIA E.Mey. 3607000 (3) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 4: 571–577.

(1) Phillips. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum 9: 475–481.
(2) Brummitt. 1967. Kirkia 6: 123–131. bonariensis Lindl.
(3) Brummitt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24: 71–73. C. cryptodon Meisn. (2)
(4) Polhill. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 3: 46–49. C. monodon E.Mey. (2)
(5) Ross. 1978. The Flowering Plants of Africa 44: t. 1759. Perennial. Climber. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 5–60 m. KZN, EC
(6) Beaumont et al. 1999. Bothalia 29: 5–23.
cryptodon Meisn. = C. bonariensis
aurea (Aiton) Benth. subsp. aurea ensiformis (L.) DC.
C. aurea (Aiton) Benth. subsp. sylvatica (Burch.) Brummitt (6)
Dolichos ensiformis L. (3)
C. lasiogyne E.Mey. (1)
C. subdecandra (L’Hér.) Schweick. (1) Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.6–0.9 m.
C. sylvatica E.Mey. (6) Alt? LIM, G, M, KZN, EC
Podalyria aurea (Aiton) Willd. (1)
Robinia subdecandra L’Hér. (4)
ferruginea Piper = C. virosa
Sophora aurea Aiton (1) gladiata (Jacq.) DC. var. gladiata
Sophora sylvatica Burch. (6) Dolichos gladiatus Jacq. (2)
Virgilia aurea (Aiton) Lam. (1) Annual, occ. perennial. Climber. Ht ?–3 m. Alt ?–1250
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 0–1900 m. m. NW, M
LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
maritima Thouars = C. rosea
aurea (Aiton) Benth. subsp. sylvatica (Burch.) Brum-
mitt = C. aurea subsp. aurea monodon E.Mey. = C. bonariensis
capensis (Burm.f.) Druce obtusifolia (Lam.) DC. = C. rosea
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 1050–1850 m. FS rosea (Sw.) DC.
C. maritima Thouars (3)
floribunda Harv. C. obtusifolia (Lam.) DC. (3)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 0–1500 m. EC Dolichos maritimus Aubl. (3)
glabrata Brummitt Dolichos roseus Sw. (3)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 50–1750 m. M, Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 5–457 m. M,
S, KZN KZN, EC
intrusa of authors, not of (R.Br. in W.T.Aiton) E.Mey. in virosa (Roxb.) Wight & Arn.
C. ferruginea Piper (3)
a strict sense = C. sericea Dolichos virosus Roxb. (3)
intrusa (R.Br. in W.T.Aiton) E.Mey. Perennial. Climber. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 105–1065 m. N,
C. villosa Harv. (6) LIM, M, S, KZN
Virgilia intrusa R.Br. in W.T.Aiton (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–3 m. Alt 150–1950 m. G, M, CANTUFFA J.F.Gmel. 3553010
FS, KZN, WC
exosa J.F.Gmel. = Pterolobium stellatum
lasiogyne E.Mey. = C. aurea subsp. aurea
mucronulata Harms ex Kuntze = C. sericea CAPASSA Klotzsch 3838020
obovata Schinz = C. sericea violacea Klotzsch = Philenoptera violacea
obovata Schinz var. pubescens Yakovlev = C. sericea
reflexa A.J.Beaumont CAPNITIS E.Mey. 3657030
C. robinioides of authors, not of (DC.) E.Mey. (6) clandestina E.Mey. = Lotononis platycarpa
FS, L, EC CASSIA L. emend. Gaertn. 3536000
robinioides of authors, not of (DC.) E.Mey. = C. reflexa Compiled by H.F. Glen
sericea Harv. (1) Steyaert. 1950. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l’État Bruxelles
C. intrusa of authors, not of (R.Br. in W.T.Aiton) E.Mey. in a strict 20: 256, 257.
sense (6) (2) Brenan. 1958. Kew Bulletin 13: 231–252.
C. mucronulata Harms ex Kuntze (1) (3) Gordon-Gray. 1977. FSA 16,2: 69–108.
C. obovata Schinz (1) (4) Ross. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 46: t. 1819.
C. obovata Schinz var. pubescens Yakovlev (6) (5) Lock. 1988. Kew Bulletin 43: 333–342.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3.6 m. Alt 200–2200 m. M, FS, (6) Luckow. 1996. Baileya 23: 195–241.
KZN, L, EC abbreviata Oliv. subsp. beareana (Holmes) Brenan
C. abbreviata Oliv. var. granitica (Baker f.) Baker f. (3)
subdecandra (L’Hér.) Schweick. = C. aurea subsp. aurea C. beareana Holmes (3)
sylvatica E.Mey. = C. aurea subsp. aurea C. granitica Baker f. (3)
villosa Harv. = C. intrusa Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.3–13 m. Alt 275–1200 m.
woodii Schinz N, B, LIM, M, S
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1.8 m. Alt 1350–1550 m. abbreviata Oliv. var. granitica (Baker f.) Baker f. = C.
KZN abbreviata subsp. beareana
absus L. = Chamaecrista absus
CANAVALIA DC. 3891000
arachoides Burch. = Senna italica subsp. arachoides
beareana Holmes = C. abbreviata subsp. beareana
(2) Sauer. 1964. Brittonia 16: 106–181. bicapsularis L. = Senna bicapsularis
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Calpurnia

biensis (Steyaert) Mendonça & Torre = Chamaecrista obtusifolia L. = Senna obtusifolia

biensis occidentalis L. = Senna occidentalis
capensis Thunb. var. capensis = Chamaecrista capen- parva Steyaert = Chamaecrista parva
sis var. capensis
petersiana Bolle = Senna petersiana
capensis Thunb. var. flavescens (E.Mey.) Vogel = Cha-
plumosa (E.Mey.) Vogel = Chamaecrista plumosa var.
maecrista capensis var. flavescens
plumosa
capensis Thunb. var. keiensis Steyaert = Chamaecrista
plumosa (E.Mey.) Vogel var. diffusa (E.Mey.) Vogel =
capensis var. flavescens
Chamaecrista plumosa var. plumosa
coluteoides Collad. = Senna pendula var. glabrata
plumosa (E.Mey.) Vogel var. erecta Schorn & Gordon-
comosa (E.Mey.) Vogel var. capricornia Steyaert = Cha- Gray = Chamaecrista plumosa var. erecta
maecrista comosa var. capricornia
plumosa (E.Mey.) Vogel × C. mimosoides L. = Cha-
comosa (E.Mey.) Vogel var. comosa = Chamaecrista maecrista plumosa × C. mimosoides
comosa var. comosa
quarrei (Ghesq.) Steyaert = Chamaecrista stricta
comosa (E.Mey.) Vogel var. lanata Steyaert = Chamae-
septemtrionalis Viv. = Senna septemtrionalis
crista comosa var. comosa
siamea Lam. = Senna siamea
corymbosa Lam. = Senna corymbosa
singueana Delile = Senna singueana
delagoensis Harv. = Senna petersiana
sinqueana in sense of author, not of Delile, spelling err.,
didymobotrya Fresen. = Senna didymobotrya
misapplied name = Senna singueana
falcinella Oliv. var. longifolia Ghesq. = Chamaecrista
stricta (E.Mey.) Steud. = Chamaecrista stricta
parva
tomentosa in sense of H.M.L.Forbes, misapplied name
falcinella Oliv. var. parviflora Steyaert = Chamaecrista
= Senna hirsuta
falcinella var. parviflora
tomentosa L.f. = Senna multiglandulosa
floribunda in sense of Brenan, not of Cav., misapplied
name = Senna septemtrionalis transversali-seminata De Wild. = Senna bicapsularis
floribunda in sense of Brenan, not of Cav. × C. bicapsu- zanzibarensis Vatke = Senna singueana
laris L. = Senna septemtrionalis × S. bicapsu-
laris *CERATONIA L. 3529000
floribunda in sense of Brenan, not of Cav. × C. tomen- Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo
tosa L.f. = Senna septemtrionalis × S. multi- (1) Brenan. 1967. FTEA Leguminosae 2: 16.
glandulosa siliqua L.
goratensis Fresen. = Senna singueana Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–13 m. Alt 555–1370 m. N, G,
EC
granitica Baker f. = C. abbreviata subsp. beareana
hirsuta L. = Senna hirsuta CHAMAECRISTA Moench 3536010
indecora Kunth var. glabrata Vogel = Senna pendula Compiled by H.F. Glen
var. glabrata (1) Ghesquière. 1932. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l’État
italica (Mill.) Lam. ex F.W.Andrews subsp. arachoides Bruxelles 9: 139–169.
(2) Gordon-Gray. 1977. FSA 16,2: 69–108.
(Burch.) Brenan = Senna italica subsp. arachoides (3) Lock. 1988. Kew Bulletin 43: 333–342.
italica (Mill.) Lam. ex F.W.Andrews subsp. micrantha absus (L.) Irwin & Barneby
Brenan = Senna italica subsp. micrantha Cassia absus L. (3)
katangensis (Ghesq.) Steyaert var. biensis Steyaert = Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 350–1450 m. N, B,
Chamaecrista biensis LIM, NW, G, M
kirkii Oliv. var. quarrei Ghesq. = Chamaecrista stricta biensis (Steyaert) Lock
Cassia biensis (Steyaert) Mendonça & Torre (3)
laevigata Willd. = Senna septemtrionalis Cassia katangensis (Ghesq.) Steyaert var. biensis Steyaert (3)
mimosoides L. = Chamaecrista mimosoides Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.6 m. Alt 350–1750 m. N,
mimosoides L. var. stricta (E.Mey.) Harv. = Chamae- B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, EC
crista stricta capensis (Thunb.) E.Mey. var. capensis
Cassia capensis Thunb. var. capensis (3)
multiglandulosa Jacq. = Senna multiglandulosa
multijuga Rich. = Senna multijuga NW, G, M, KZN, EC
nairobensis Aggeler & Musser = Senna didymobotrya capensis (Thunb.) E.Mey. var. flavescens (Thunb.)
obovata Collad. var. mucronata Burtt Davy = Senna E.Mey.
italica subsp. arachoides Cassia capensis Thunb. var. flavescens (E.Mey.) Vogel (3)
Cassia capensis Thunb. var. keiensis Steyaert (3)
obovata Collad. var. pallidiflora Dinter = Senna italica Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 0–1700 m. N, LIM,
subsp. micrantha NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
obovata Collad. var. pilosa Burtt Davy = Senna italica comosa E.Mey. var. capricornia (Steyaert) Lock
subsp. arachoides Cassia comosa (E.Mey.) Vogel var. capricornia Steyaert (3)
FABACEAE Cassia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 900–1750 m. LIM, zanzibarensis Vatke = C. ternatea var. ternatea
NW, G, M, S
comosa E.Mey. var. comosa
COELIDIUM Vogel ex Walp. 3646000
Cassia comosa (E.Mey.) Vogel var. comosa (3) amphithaleoides Dummer = Amphithalea mural-
Cassia comosa (E.Mey.) Vogel var. lanata Steyaert (3) tioides
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 0–1525 m. G, bowiei Benth. = Amphithalea bowiei
KZN, EC bullatum Benth. = Amphithalea bullata
falcinella (Oliv.) Lock var. parviflora (Steyaert) Lock cedarbergensis Granby = Amphithalea cedarbergensis
Cassia falcinella Oliv. var. parviflora Steyaert (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 900–1100 m. N, B ciliare (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. = Amphithalea ciliaris
fenarolii (Mendonça & Torre) Lock ciliare (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. var. brevifolium L. = Am-
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 900–1050 m. B phithalea flava
cymbifolium C.A.Sm. = Amphithalea cymbifolia
huillensis (Mendonça & Torre) Lock
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt ± 450 m. LIM dahlgrenii Granby = Amphithalea dahlgrenii
kirkii (Oliv.) Standl. esterhuyseniae Granby = Amphithalea esterhuyseniae
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1150–1250 m. B euchaetioides Dummer = Amphithalea villosa
mimosoides (L.) Greene flavum Granby = Amphithalea flava
Cassia mimosoides L. (3) fourcadei Compton = Amphithalea parvifolia
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.6 m. Alt 0– humile Schltr. = Amphithalea monticola
1750 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
minimum Granby = Amphithalea minima
NC, EC
muirii Granby = Amphithalea muirii
parva (Steyaert) Lock
Cassia falcinella Oliv. var. longifolia Ghesq. (3) muraltioides Benth. = Amphithalea muraltioides
Cassia parva Steyaert (3) obtusilobum Granby = Amphithalea obtusiloba
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 900–1100 m. B pageae L.Bolus = Amphithalea pageae
plumosa E.Mey. var. diffusa E.Mey. = C. plumosa var. parviflorum (Thunb.) Druce = Amphithalea parvifolia
plumosa
parvifolium (Thunb.) Druce = Amphithalea parvifolia
plumosa E.Mey. var. erecta (Schorn & Gordon-Gray)
perplexum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Granby = Amphithalea
Lock
Cassia plumosa (E.Mey.) Vogel var. erecta Schorn & Gordon-Gray (3) perplexa
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–2.5 m. Alt 150–1200 m. LIM, purpureum Granby = Amphithalea purpurea
M, KZN, EC spinosum Harv. = Amphithalea spinosa
plumosa E.Mey. var. plumosa thunbergii Harv., illegitimate name = Amphithalea
Cassia plumosa (E.Mey.) Vogel (3) parvifolia
Cassia plumosa (E.Mey.) Vogel var. diffusa (E.Mey.) Vogel (3)
C. plumosa E.Mey. var. diffusa E.Mey. (3) tortile (E.Mey.) Druce = Amphithalea tortilis
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 0–850 m. M, KZN, villosum (Schltr.) Granby = Amphithalea villosa
EC vlokii A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk = Amphithalea
plumosa E.Mey. × C. mimosoides (L.) Greene vlokii
Cassia plumosa (E.Mey.) Vogel × C. mimosoides L. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 0–60 m. KZN COLOPHOSPERMUM J.Kirk 3490010
stricta E.Mey.
ex J.Léonard
Cassia kirkii Oliv. var. quarrei Ghesq. (3) Compiled by H.F. Glen
Cassia mimosoides L. var. stricta (E.Mey.) Harv. (3) (1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 16–19.
Cassia quarrei (Ghesq.) Steyaert (3) (2) Léonard. 1999. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de
Cassia stricta (E.Mey.) Steud. (3) Belgique 67: 21–43.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 0–1700 m. B, LIM, mopane (J.Kirk ex Benth.) J.Kirk ex J.Léonard
NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC Copaiba mopane (J.Kirk ex Benth.) Kuntze (1)
Copaifera mopane J.Kirk ex Benth. (1)
CHRYSOSCIAS E.Mey. 3897010 Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–20 m. Alt 200–1150 m. N, B,
calucina E.Mey. = Rhynchosia leucoscias LIM
grandiflora E.Mey. = Rhynchosia chrysoscias
parviflora E.Mey. = Rhynchosia microscias COLUTEA L. 3759000
*CLITORIA L. 3857000 frutescens L. = Sutherlandia frutescens
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo prostrata Thunb. = Lessertia prostata
(1) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 4: 515–518.
COPAIBA Adans. 3490030
mearnsii De Wild. = C. ternatea var. ternatea
ternatea L. var. ternatea coleosperma (Benth.) Kuntze = Guibourtia coleosperma
C. mearnsii De Wild. (1) conjugata (Bolle) Kuntze = Guibourtia conjugata
C. zanzibarensis Vatke (1)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.45–3 m. Alt 185–610 mopane (J.Kirk ex Benth.) Kuntze = Colophospermum
m. N, M mopane
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Chamaecrista

COPAIFERA L. 3490000 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt? N

coleosperma Benth. = Guibourtia coleosperma australis (Baker f.) Baker f. ex I.Verd. = C. laburnifolia
subsp. australis
conjugata (Bolle) Milne-Redh. = Guibourtia conjugata
azurea Eckl. & Zeyh. = Lotononis azurea
gorskia Schinz = Guibourtia conjugata
barkae Schweinf. subsp. barkae
gorskiana Benth. = Guibourtia conjugata C. geminiflora Dinter ex Baker f. (9)
mopane J.Kirk ex Benth. = Colophospermum mopane Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 950–
1405 m. N, B, LIM, NW
COPAIVA Jacq. 3490040 barnabassii Dinter ex Baker f.
C. mossamedesiana Baker f. (9)
coleosperma (Benth.) Britton = Guibourtia coleosperma
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt? N
CORDYLA Lour. 3573000 belchii Schinz = C. podocarpa
Compiled by H.F. Glen brachycarpa (Benth.) Burtt Davy ex I.Verd.
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 133–135. C. globifera E.Mey. var. brachycarpa Benth. (9)
africana Lour.
1525 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S
Perennial. Tree. Ht 10–25 m. Alt 0–200 m. M, S, KZN
*brevidens Benth. var. intermedia (Kotschy) Polhill
COULTERIA Humb., Bonpl. & 3559010 C. intermedia Kotschy (9)
Kunth Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt ?–303
m. G, S
tinctoria Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth = Caesalpinia spinosa
breyeri N.E.Br. = C. monteiroi var. galpinii
CRACCA L. 3718040 burkeana Benth.
C. burkeana Benth. var. sparsipila Harv. (9)
acaciaefolia Kuntze = Tephrosia acaciifolia Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.7 m. Alt 60–1560 m. B,
lupinifolia Kuntze = Tephrosia lupinifolia LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN
semiglabra Kuntze = Tephrosia semiglabra burkeana Benth. var. sparsipila Harv. = C. burkeana
capensis Jacq.
CRAIBIA Harms & Dunn 3720010 C. capensis Jacq. var. obscura E.Mey. (9)
Compiled by H.F. Glen C. cecilaea I.Verd. (9)
(1) Gillett. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 3: 146–153. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 10–1980 m.
LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
zimmermannii (Harms) Dunn
Lonchocarpus zimmermannii Harms (1) capensis Jacq. var. obscura E.Mey. = C. capensis
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–15 m. Alt 0–350 m. S, KZN, capitata Lam., not of Thunb. (1800), also not of (Lam.)
EC DC. (1825) = Liparia umbellifera
CROTALARIA L. 3669000 carinata Steud. ex A.Rich. = C. senegalensis
cataractarum Baker f. = C. flavicarinata
(1) Lamarck. 1783. Encyclopédie Méthodique 1: 194–203. cecilaea I.Verd. = C. capensis
(2) Baker. 1897. Kew Bulletin Nos 128, 129: 249–253. cernua Schinz forma latifolia Schinz = C. sphaero-
(3) Verdoorn. 1928. Bothalia 2: 371–420.
carpa subsp. sphaerocarpa
(5) Dyer. 1942. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 22: t. 878. cinerea Burtt Davy ex I.Verd. = C. globifera
(7) Polhill. 1968. Kew Bulletin 22,2: 169–338. colorata Schinz subsp. colorata
(8) Polhill. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1689. Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ± 6 m. N,
(9) Polhill. 1982. Crotalaria in Africa and Madagascar: 1–383. NC, WC
(10) Germishuizen & Condy. 1995. Flowering Plants of Africa 54:
54–56, t. 2111. colorata Schinz subsp. erecta (Schinz) Polhill
C. schultzei Harms (9)
*agatiflora Schweinf. subsp. agatiflora Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–1.8 m. Alt 70–800 m. N
C. megistantha Taub. (9)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 1067–1370 m. coluteoides Lam. = Hypocalyptus coluteoides
N, LIM, G, WC, EC cordifolia L. = Hypocalyptus sophoroides
allenii I.Verd. = C. orientalis subsp. allenii damarensis Engl.
C. fleckii Schinz (9)
amplexicaulis L. = Rafnia amplexicaulis C. marlothii Engl. (9)
anthyllopsis Welw. ex Baker Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt 305–
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt 640–1220 m. M 1405 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, NC
apiculata Schinz = C. platysepala diffusa E.Mey. = C. excisa subsp. excisa
argyraea Welw. ex Baker dinteri Schinz
C. pechueliana Schinz (9) Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? N
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.21 m. Alt 250–1675 m. N, distans Benth. subsp. distans
KZN Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 765–1950 m. N, B,
aurea Dinter ex Baker f. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L
FABACEAE Copaifera DICOTYLEDONS

distans Benth. subsp. mediocris Polhill *juncea L.

C. macaulayae in sense of I.Verd., misapplied name (9) Annual. Herb. Ht ?–1.7 m. Alt 5–1311 m. LIM, KZN
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 765–1310 m. B, LIM, kuibisensis Dinter = C. leubnitziana
NW, M
kurtii Schinz
doidgeae I.Verd. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 1800–
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–3.5 m. Alt 600–1460 m. 2100 m. N
LIM, G, M
laburnifolia L. subsp. australis (Baker f.) Polhill
dura J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans subsp. dura C. australis (Baker f.) Baker f. ex I.Verd. (9)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 1– Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 150–1435 m.
1050 m. KZN, EC N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
effusa E.Mey. laburnifolia L. subsp. laburnifolia
Ononis racemosa Thunb. (3) Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.5 m. Alt? B, LIM
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.7 m. Alt 134–915 m. WC,
lanata Thunb. = Xiphotheca fruticosa
EC
lanceolata E.Mey. subsp. lanceolata
eremicola Baker f. subsp. eremicola C. mossambicensis Klotzsch (9)
C. spinosa Hochst. ex Benth. var. schlechteri Baker f. (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.7 m. Alt 10–1067 m. LIM, M,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 124–1530 m. N, B, S, KZN, EC
LIM, NW, G, NC
lebeckioides Bond
excisa (Thunb.) Baker f. subsp. excisa Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt ?–500 m. WC
C. diffusa E.Mey. (9)
Ononis excisa Thunb. (9) lenticula E.Mey. = Lotononis lenticula
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.2 m. Alt 5–2440 m. NC, leubnitziana Schinz
WC C. kuibisensis Dinter (9)
excisa (Thunb.) Baker f. subsp. namaquensis Polhill Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 50–960 m. N, B,
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? NC NC
flavicarinata Baker f. lineata Thunb. = Eriosema squarrosum
C. cataractarum Baker f. (9) longidens Burtt Davy ex I.Verd.
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 915–1163 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.7–2 m. Alt 1035–1700 m. LIM,
N, B M
fleckii Schinz = C. damarensis lotoides Benth.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–3 m. Alt 6–2925 m. B, LIM,
floribunda Lodd. = Wiborgia obcordata
NW, G, M, NC, EC
gazensis Baker f. subsp. herbacea Polhill macaulayae in sense of I.Verd., misapplied name = C.
Annual. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt? LIM distans subsp. mediocris
geminiflora Dinter ex Baker f. = C. barkae subsp. barkae macrocarpa E.Mey. subsp. macrocarpa
genistoides Lam. = Liparia genistoides Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 420–600 m. KZN
globifera E.Mey. macrostachya Sond. = C. globifera
C. cinerea Burtt Davy ex I.Verd. (9) marlothii Engl. = C. damarensis
C. macrostachya Sond. (9)
C. pentheri Gand. (9) megistantha Taub. = C. agatiflora subsp. agatiflora
Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt meyeriana Steud.
5–1735 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC C. mollis E.Mey. (9)
globifera E.Mey. var. brachycarpa Benth. = C. brachy- Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–5 m. Alt 40–500 m. N, NC
carpa mollii Polhill
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt? S, KZN
grantiana Harv. = C. virgulata subsp. grantiana
mollis E.Mey. = C. meyeriana
griquensis L.Bolus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1200–1350 m. NW, monophylla Germish.
M, S, FS, NC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.14–0.25 m. Alt? M
heidmannii Schinz monteiroi Taub. ex Baker f. var. galpinii Burtt Davy ex
C. paucifolia Schinz (9) I.Verd.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt 1150–1350 m. N, B C. breyeri N.E.Br. (9)
C. inhabilis I.Verd. (9)
hirsutissima Schinz = C. podocarpa C. rigidula Baker f. (9)
hispida Schinz = C. steudneri Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 60–
humilis Eckl. & Zeyh. 1240 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–300 m. WC monteiroi Taub. ex Baker f. var. monteiroi
imbricata L. = Amphithalea imbricata
incompta N.E.Br. mossambicensis Klotzsch = C. lanceolata subsp. lanceo-
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt? N, B lata
inhabilis I.Verd. = C. monteiroi var. galpinii mossamedesiana Baker f. = C. barnabassii
intermedia Kotschy = C. brevidens var. intermedia mucronata Desv. = C. pallida var. pallida
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Crotalaria

mutabilis Schinz = C. podocarpa quinata (Thunb.) E.Mey. = Lotononis acutiflora

natalensis Baker f. recta Steud. ex A.Rich.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–3 m. Alt 10–380 m. KZN, Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 700–1980 m. LIM,
EC M, S
natalitia Meisn. var. natalitia reniformis Lam. = Rafnia amplexicaulis
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.45–2 m. Alt 5–915 m. rhodesiae Baker f.
LIM, M, KZN C. natalitia Meisn. var. procumbens Baker f. (9)
natalitia Meisn. var. procumbens Baker f. = C. rhodesiae Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt? B, LIM
nubica Benth. = C. sphaerocarpa subsp. sphaerocarpa rigidula Baker f. = C. monteiroi var. galpinii
nutans Welw. ex Baker = C. sphaerocarpa subsp. schinzii Baker f.
sphaerocarpa Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.4 m. Alt 380–1675 m. B,
LIM, M
obcordata P.J.Bergius = Wiborgia obcordata
schlechteri Baker f.
obscura DC.
C. pilosa Thunb. (9) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt? B, M
C. pilosa Thunb. var. collina Eckl. & Zeyh. (9) schultzei Harms = C. colorata subsp. erecta
C. pilosa Thunb. var. riparia Eckl. & Zeyh. (9)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 5–1676 m. KZN, EC senegalensis (Pers.) Bacle ex DC.
C. carinata Steud. ex A.Rich. (9)
ochroleuca G.Don Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? B
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 183– sericea Retz. = C. spectabilis
1067 m. S
sericifolia Harms
orientalis Burtt Davy ex I.Verd. subsp. allenii (I.Verd.) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1.3 m. Alt? N
Polhill & A.Schreib.
C. allenii I.Verd. (9) serpens E.Mey. = Lotononis hirsuta
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt ?–1370 spartea Baker
m. B, LIM, G Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.3 m. Alt 1086–1096 m. M
orientalis Burtt Davy ex I.Verd. subsp. orientalis spartioides DC.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt 885– Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt 910–1585 m. N, B,
1370 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, FS, KZN, NC NW, NC
pallida Aiton var. pallida spartioides DC. × C. virgultalis Burch. ex DC.
C. mucronata Desv. (9) Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt ?–915 m. N, NC
C. striata DC. (9)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt 5–960 m. LIM, M, S, *spectabilis Roth
C. sericea Retz. (9)
KZN
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt? G
parvifolia Thunb. = Amphithalea parvifolia
sphaerocarpa Perr. ex DC. subsp. sphaerocarpa
paucifolia Schinz = C. heidmannii C. cernua Schinz forma latifolia Schinz (9)
pearsonii Baker f. C. nubica Benth. (9)
C. nutans Welw. ex Baker (9)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 250–460 m. NC C. squarrosa Schinz (9)
pechueliana Schinz = C. argyraea Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 65–1500 m. N, B,
pentheri Gand. = C. globifera LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC
pilosa Thunb. = C. obscura spinosa Hochst. ex Benth. var. schlechteri Baker f. = C.
eremicola subsp. eremicola
pilosa Thunb. var. collina Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. obscura
squarrosa Schinz = C. sphaerocarpa subsp. sphaero-
pilosa Thunb. var. riparia Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. obscura
carpa
pilulicarpa Taub. = C. pisicarpa
steudneri Schweinf.
pisicarpa Welw. ex Baker C. hispida Schinz (9)
C. pilulicarpa Taub. (9) C. tanganyikensis Baker f. (9)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt 262– Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 940–1460 m. N, B,
1430 m. N, B, LIM, G LIM
platysepala Harv. striata DC. = C. pallida var. pallida
C. apiculata Schinz (9) tanganyikensis Baker f. = C. steudneri
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 915–1370 m. N, B
teixeirae Torre
podocarpa DC. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt? N
C. belchii Schinz (9)
C. hirsutissima Schinz (9) trichopoda E.Mey. = Lotononis glabra
C. mutabilis Schinz (9) ulbrichiana Harms
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt 262–1560 m. N, B, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt? N
LIM, NW, M, NC, WC
vasculosa Wall. ex Benth.
psoraloides Lam. = Eriosema psoraleoides Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt ?–30 m. LIM, KZN
pulchella Andrews = Lebeckia cytisoides
virgulata Klotzsch subsp. grantiana (Harv.) Polhill
purpurea Vent. = Hypocalyptus coluteoides C. grantiana Harv. (9)
FABACEAE Crotalaria DICOTYLEDONS

Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 5–1400 m. B, LIM, (2) Schutte. 1997. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 54,2: 125–170.
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC ashtonii Hofmeyr & E.Phillips = C. bowieana
virgultalis Burch. ex DC. alpina A.L.Schutte
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 155–1370 m. N, Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1220–1830 m.
B, LIM, M, FS, NC, EC WC
CRYPHIANTHA Eckl. & Zeyh. 3644010 alopecuroides A.L.Schutte
imbricata Eckl. & Zeyh. = Amphithalea micrantha 2000 m. WC, EC
CULLEN Medik. 3703010 aurea Fourc. = C. intermedia
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo aurescens Kies var. aurescens
(1) Schönland. 1914. Records of the Albany Museum 3: 54. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 490–1800 m. WC
(2) Stirton. 1981. Bothalia 13: 317. aurescens Kies var. glauca Kies
(3) Grimes. 1997. Australian Systematic Botany 10: 565–648.
(4) Verdcourt. 2000. FZ 3,6: 43–45. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.75 m. Alt ?–1220 m. WC
biflora (Harv.) C.H.Stirt. bolusii Hofmeyr & E.Phillips
Psoralea biflora Harv. (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt ?–2100 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? N, NC bowieana Harv.
corylifolia (L.) Medik. (insufficiently known) C. ashtonii Hofmeyr & E.Phillips (1)
Psoralea corylifolia L. (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.8 m. Alt 490–1586 m. WC
Psoralea patersoniae Schönland (1)
brachypoda Benth. = C. sessiliflora
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt? Distr.?
brachypoda Hofmeyr & E.Phillips in part = C. falcata
drupacea (Bunge) C.H.Stirt. (insufficiently known)
Psoralea drupacea Bunge (2) var. falcata
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt? Distr.? brachypoda Hofmeyr & E.Phillips in part = C. sessil-
holubii (Burtt Davy) C.H.Stirt. iflora
Psoralea holubii Burtt Davy (2) brachypoda Hofmeyr & E.Phillips var. intermedia
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 1065–1372 m. Hofmeyr & E.Phillips = C. intermedia
LIM burtonii Hofmeyr & E.Phillips
jaubertiana (Fenzl) C.H.Stirt. (insufficiently known) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? WC
Psoralea jaubertiana Fenzl (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.75 m. Alt? Distr.? buxifolia (Burm.f.) Kies
C. latifolia Benth. (1)
obtusifolia (DC.) C.H.Stirt. = C. tomentosum Genista buxifolia Burm.f. (1)
plicata (Delile) C.H.Stirt. (insufficiently known)
Psoralea odorata Blatt. & Halb. (2) capensis Salter
Psoralea plicata Delile (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ?–600 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt? cordifolia Benth. = C. latifolia
Distr.?
dregeana Kies
tomentosum (Thunb.) J.W.Grimes C. latifolia E.Mey. (1)
C. obtusifolia (DC.) C.H.Stirt. (4) C. subternata Hofmeyr & E.Phillips in part (1)
Psoralea obtusifolia DC. (2) C. vogelii Harv. var. subternata Harv. in part (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.2 m. Alt 15–1677 m. N, B, Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt up to 900 m. WC
LIM, NW, FS, NC, WC falcata (Harv.) Kies var. falcata
C. brachypoda Hofmeyr & E.Phillips in part (1)
CYAMOPSIS DC. 3700000 C. vogelii Harv. var. falcata Harv. (1)
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt 300–1350 m. WC
(1) Bolus. 1896. The Journal of Botany (London) 34: 22. falcata (Harv.) Kies var. ovata Kies
(2) Gillett. 1958. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 1: 6. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 500–1370 m. WC
senegalensis Guill. & Perr. filiformis Kies
C. stenophylla (Bonnet) Chev. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt ?–1100 m. N, B
galioides Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. galioides
serrata Schinz
Indigofera psammotropha Bolus (1) galioides E.Mey. = C. genistoides var. genistoides
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.25 m. Alt 610–1100 m. N, B, galioides (P.J.Bergius) DC.
LIM, NC C. galioides Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
C. genistoides Walp. (1)
stenophylla (Bonnet) Chev. = C. senegalensis Galega genistoides Thunb. var. β (1)
tetragonoloba (L.) Taub. Podalyria genistoides Willd. in part (1)
Psoralea tetragonoloba L. (2) Sophora galioides P.J.Bergius (1)
Sophora genistoides Thunb. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN
CYCLOPIA Vent. 3620000 genistoides (L.) R.Br. var. genistoides
C. galioides E.Mey. (1)
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo Galega genistoides Thunb. (1)
(1) Kies. 1951. Bothalia 6: 161–176. Ibbetsonia genistoides Sims (1)
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Crotalaria

Sophora genistoides L. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 275–1370 m. WC

Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.8 m. Alt 15–1830 m. WC sessiliflora E.Mey. = C. meyeriana
genistoides (L.) R.Br. var. heterophylla Harv. squamosa A.L.Schutte
C. heterophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
subternata Hofmeyr & E.Phillips in part = C. dregeana
genistoides (L.) R.Br. var. ovalifolia Kies
subternata Hofmeyr & E.Phillips in part = C. intermedia
subternata Vogel var. laxiflora (Benth.) Kies = C. laxiflora
genistoides (L.) R.Br. var. teretifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kies
C. teretifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) subternata Vogel var. subternata
C. grandiflora A.DC. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt ?–610 m. WC C. grandifolia Benth. (1)
genistoides Walp. = C. galioides C. latifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
glabra (Hofmeyr & E.Phillips) A.L.Schutte C. latifolia Walp. in part (1)
C. vogelii Harv. var. subternata Harv. in part (1)
WC
tenuifolia Lehm. = C. maculata
grandiflora A.DC. = C. subternata var. subternata
teretifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. genistoides var. teretifolia
grandifolia Benth. = C. subternata var. subternata
vogelii Harv. var. brachypoda Harv. = C. sessiliflora
heterophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. genistoides var. hetero-
phylla vogelii Harv. var. falcata Harv. = C. falcata var. falcata
intermedia E.Mey. vogelii Harv. var. intermedia Harv. = C. intermedia
C. aurea Fourc. (1) vogeli Harv. var. laxiflora (Benth.) Harv. = C. laxiflora
C. brachypoda Hofmeyr & E.Phillips var. intermedia Hofmeyr &
E.Phillips (1)
vogelii Harv. var. subternata Harv. in part = C. dre-
C. subternata Hofmeyr & E.Phillips in part (1) geana
C. vogelii Harv. var. intermedia Harv. (1) vogelii Harv. var. subternata Harv. in part = C. subter-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.7 m. Alt 215–1525 m. WC nata var. subternata
laricina E.Mey. = C. maculata
latifolia Benth. = C. buxifolia CYLISTA Aiton 3896000
latifolia DC. argentea Eckl. & Zeyh. = Rhynchosia leucoscias
C. cordifolia Benth. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 900–1000 m. WC CYPHOCALYX C.Presl 3662020
latifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = C. subternata var. subternata aridus (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus arida subsp. erecta
latifolia E.Mey. = C. dregeana major C.Presl = Aspalathus arida subsp. procumbens
latifolia Walp. in part = C. subternata var. subternata
laxiflora Benth. *CYTISUS Desf. 3682000
C. subternata Vogel var. laxiflora (Benth.) Kies (2) Compiled by H.F. Glen
C. vogeli Harv. var. laxiflora (Benth.) Harv. (2)
(1) Frodin & Heywood. 1968. Flora europaea 2: 87–89.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? WC (2) De Vries. 1995. European garden flora 4: 538–544.
longifolia Vogel cajan L. = Cajanus cajan
candicans (L.) Lam. = Genista monspessulana
maculata (Andrews) Kies
C. laricina E.Mey. (1) psoraloides L. = Indigofera psoraloides
C. tenuifolia Lehm. (1) scoparius (L.) Link
Gompholobium maculatum Andrews (1) Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimm. ex W.D.J.Koch (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 290–762 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.4–4 m. Alt 1200–2100 m. M,
meyeriana Walp. KZN, WC, EC
C. sessiliflora E.Mey. (1) sericeus Willd. = Mundulea sericea
montana Hofmeyr & E.Phillips var. glabra Hofmeyr & DALBERGIA L.f. 3821000
E.Phillips Compiled by H.F. Glen
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–2.4 m. Alt ?–2150 m. WC (1) Polhill. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 3: 73–76.
montana Hofmeyr & E.Phillips var. montana (2) Coates Palgrave. 1977. Trees of southern Africa: 317–320.
(3) Ross. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 46: t. 1818.
armata E.Mey.
plicata Kies
LIM, M, S, KZN
m. WC
glandulosa Dunkley, not of Benth. = D. martinii
pubescens Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt? EC martinii F.White
D. glandulosa Dunkley, not of Benth. (2)
sessiliflora Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.8–4 m. Alt 900–1050 m. N
C. brachypoda Benth. (1)
C. brachypoda Hofmeyr & E.Phillips in part (1) melanoxylon Guill. & Perr.
C. vogelii Harv. var. brachypoda Harv. (1) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 5–12 m. Alt 60–1320 m. N,
Rafnia retroflexa Thunb. var. β Thunb. ex Kies, naked name (1) B, LIM, M, S
FABACEAE Cyclopia DICOTYLEDONS

mossambicensis Harms = D. nitidula nutans (Pers.) DC. = Dichrostachys cinerea subsp.

multijuga E.Mey. africana var. africana
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 0–900 m. KZN, stolonifer DC. = Neptunia oleracea
EC trichostachys DC. = Dichrostachys cinerea subsp.
nelsii Schinz = Philenoptera nelsii africana var. africana
nitidula Baker virgatus (L.) Willd.
D. mossambicensis Harms (1) Mimosa virgata L. (1)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–6 m. Alt 50–1900 m. N, Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.7–1 m. Alt 30–600 m.
LIM, M, KZN KZN
obovata E.Mey. DESMODIUM Desv. 3807000
D. sessiliflora Harms (1)
Perennial. Tree, shrub, climber. Ht 1.8–8 m. Alt 0– Compiled by T. Nkonki
1750 m. LIM, KZN, EC (1) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 3,1: 451–479.
(2) Ohashi. 1973. Ginkgoana 1: 1–318.
rotundifolia Sond. = Pterocarpus rotundifolius subsp. (3) Schrire. 1988. Bothalia 18: 11–24.
rotundifolius adscendens (Sw.) DC. var. robustum Schub.
sessiliflora Harms = D. obovata Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 3–30 m. LIM, KZN
*sissoo Roxb. ex DC. asperum (Poir.) Desr.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–8 m. Alt 250–1550 m. NW, Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–2.5 m. Alt? KZN, EC
G, M, FS barbatum (L.) Benth. subsp. dimorphum (Welw. ex Baker)
J.R.Laundon = D. barbatum var. dimorphum
DECORSEA R.Vig. 3910030 barbatum (L.) Benth. var. argyreum (Welw. ex Baker)
Compiled by T. Nkonki Schub.
(1) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24,3: 445–447. D. dimorphum Welw. ex Baker var. argyreum Welw. ex Baker (3)
(2) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 4: 611–613. Nicolsonia barbata (L.) DC. var. argyrae (Welw. ex Baker) Schindl. (3)
dinteri (Harms) Verdc. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.9 m. Alt 1000–2000
Phaseolus dinteri Harms (1) m. N
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt? N barbatum (L.) Benth. var. dimorphum (Welw. ex Baker)
galpinii (Burtt Davy) Verdc. Schub.
Dolichos galpinii Burtt Davy (1) D. barbatum (L.) Benth. subsp. dimorphum (Welw. ex Baker)
J.R.Laundon (3)
Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt ?–610 m. LIM, NW, M, D. dimorphum Welw. ex Baker (3)
EC Nicolsonia barbata (L.) DC. var. dimorpha (Welw. ex Baker)
schlechteri (Harms) Verdc. Schindl. (3)
Dolichos schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy (2) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.45–1 m. Alt 610–
Phaseolus schlechteri Harms (2) 1370 m. B, LIM, M
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 167–1524 m. caffrum Eckl. & Zeyh. = D. repandum
N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN
caffrum (E.Mey.) Druce = D. dregeanum
DEGUELIA Aubl. 3838030 canum (J.F.Gmel.) Schinz & Thell. = D. incanum
stuhlmannii Taub. = Xeroderris stuhlmannii dimorphum Welw. ex Baker = D. barbatum var.
dimorphum
trifoliata (Lour.) Taub. = Derris trifoliata
dimorphum Welw. ex Baker var. argyreum Welw. ex Baker
uliginosa (Willd.) Baill. = Derris trifoliata = D. barbatum var. argyreum
DERRIS Lour. 3838000 dregeanum Benth.
D. caffrum (E.Mey.) Druce (3)
Compiled by T. Nkonki Nicolsonia caffra E.Mey. (3)
(1) Polhill. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 3: 73–76. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–1.2 m. Alt 5–
(2) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 351. 1575 m. M, KZN, EC
stuhlmannii (Taub.) Harms = Xeroderris stuhlmannii gangeticum (L.) DC.
trifoliata Lour. D. gangeticum (L.) DC. var. maculatum (L.) Baker (3)
Deguelia trifoliata (Lour.) Taub. (1) D. natalitum Sond. (3)
Deguelia uliginosa (Willd.) Baill. (1) Hedysarum gangeticum L. (3)
D. uliginosa (Willd.) Benth. (1) Hedysarum maculatum L. (3)
Robinia uliginosa Willd. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 60–
Perennial. Climber. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 0–50 m. S, KZN 760 m. LIM, M, KZN
uliginosa (Willd.) Benth. = D. trifoliata gangeticum (L.) DC. var. maculatum (L.) Baker = D.
violacea (Klotzsch) Harms = Philenoptera violacea gangeticum
grande E.Mey. = D. salicifolium var. salicifolium
*DESMANTHUS Willd. 3450000 hirtum Guill. & Perr. = D. setigerum
Compiled by H.F. Glen incanum DC.
(1) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 120. D. canum (J.F.Gmel.) Schinz & Thell. (3)
Hedysarum canum J.F.Gmel. (3)
leptostachys DC. = Dichrostachys cinerea subsp. Hedysarum incanum Sw. (3)
africana var. africana Hedysarum racemosum Aubl. (3)
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Dalbergia

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 5–365 gracilis Eckl. & Zeyh.
m. KZN, EC D. patens E.Mey. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 762–
lasiocarpum (P.Beauv.) DC. = D. velutinum
1220 m. G, M, FS, NC, WC, EC
natalitum Sond. = D. gangeticum
lebeckioides DC.
paleaceum Guill. & Perr. = D. salicifolium var. salici- Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 305–
folium 2100 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC
repandum (Vahl) DC. microphyllus E.Mey. = Melolobium microphyllum
D. caffrum Eckl. & Zeyh. (3)
D. scalpe DC. (3) multiflorus Burtt Davy = D. pilosus
D. strangulatum Wight & Arn. (3) patens E.Mey. = D. gracilis
Hedysarum repandum Vahl (3)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 15–1830 m. pilosus Conrath ex Schinz
D. multiflorus Burtt Davy (2)
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC D. pilosus Conrath ex Schinz var. multiflorus Burtt Davy (2)
salicifolium (Poir.) DC. var. salicifolium D. pilosus Kensit (2)
D. grande E.Mey. (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 1281–
D. paleaceum Guill. & Perr. (3) 2255 m. G, M
Hedysarum salicifolium Poir. (3)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 1.2–2.5 m. Alt pilosus Conrath ex Schinz var. multiflorus Burtt Davy =
30–640 m. N, B, M, S, KZN D. pilosus
scalpe DC. = D. repandum pilosus Kensit = D. pilosus
setigerum (E.Mey.) Benth. ex Harv. reflexus (N.E.Br.) A.L.Schutte
D. hirtum Guill. & Perr. (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 5–2715
Nicolsonia setigera E.Mey. (3) m. M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.15–1.5 m. Alt 5–1830 strictus E.Mey.
m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt
spirale in sense of Baker, misapplied name = D. tortuo- 655–2590 m. G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
sum
squarrosum (Thunb.) DC. var. acuminatum Eckl. & Zeyh. DICHROSTACHYS (A.DC.) 3452000
= Eriosema acuminatum Wight & Arn.
squarrosum (Thunb.) DC. var. acutifolium Eckl. & Zeyh. Compiled by H.F. Glen
= Eriosema squarrosum (1) Verdoorn. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: t. 894.
(2) Brenan & Brummitt. 1965. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 39:
strangulatum Wight & Arn. = D. repandum 61–115.
tortuosum (Sw.) DC. (3) Ross. 1974. Bothalia 11: 265–268.
D. spirale in sense of Baker, misapplied name (3) (4) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 123–129.
Hedysarum tortuosum Sw. (3) caffra Meisn. ex Benth. = D. cinerea subsp. africana
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.7–1.8 m. Alt? M, var. africana
KZN cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. subsp. africana Brenan &
velutinum (Willd.) DC. Brummitt var. africana
D. lasiocarpum (P.Beauv.) DC. (3) Acacia engleri Schinz (4)
Hedysarum lasiocarpum P.Beauv. (3) Acacia spinosa E.Mey. (4)
Hedysarum velutinum Willd. (3) Cailliea dichrostachys Guill. & Perr. (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 520–610 Cailliea dichrostachys Guill. & Perr. var. leptostachys (DC.) Guill.
& Perr. (4)
m. LIM Desmanthus leptostachys DC. (4)
Desmanthus nutans (Pers.) DC. (4)
DIALIUM L. 3530000 Desmanthus trichostachys DC. (4)
D. caffra Meisn. ex Benth. (4)
Compiled by H.F. Glen D. lugardiae N.E.Br. (4)
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 65–67. D. nutans (Pers.) Benth. (4)
engleranum Henriq. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 0–1550 m. N,
D. simii E.Phillips (1) B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–21 m. Alt 305–1100 m. N, B cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. subsp. africana Brenan &
schlechteri Harms Brummitt var. pubescens Brenan & Brummitt
Andradia arborea Sim (1) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 150–500 m.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.7–16 m. Alt 0–150 m. KZN LIM, M, S
simii E.Phillips = D. engleranum cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. subsp. africana Brenan &
Brummitt var. setulosa (Welw. ex Oliv.) Brenan &
DICHILUS DC. 3664000 Brummitt
Compiled by T. Nkonki Acacia kalachariensis Schinz (4)
D. nutans (Pers.) Benth. var. setulosa Welw. ex Oliv. (4)
(1) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 1–285.
(2) Schutte & Van Wyk. 1988. South African Journal of Botany 54,2: Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–4.5 m. Alt 400–1600 m.
182–186. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, NC
cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn. subsp. nyassana (Taub.)
candicans E.Mey. = Melolobium candicans Brenan
FABACEAE Desmodium DICOTYLEDONS

D. glomerata (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. nyassana (Taub.) Brenan (4) ficifolius (Benth.) Harms = Neorautanenia ficifolius
D. major Sim (4)
D. nyassana Taub. (4) galpinii Burtt Davy = Decorsea galpinii
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–6 m. Alt 0–1400 m. B, gibbosus Thunb. = Dipogon lignosus
LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC gladiatus Jacq. = Canavalia gladiata var. gladiata
glomerata (Forssk.) Chiov. subsp. nyassana (Taub.) Brenan hastaeformis E.Mey.
= D. cinerea subsp. nyassana Perennial, occ. annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 30–702
lugardiae N.E.Br. = D. cinerea subsp. africana var. m. WC, EC
africana hirsutus Thunb. = Pueraria lobata var. lobata
major Sim = D. cinerea subsp. nyassana hirtus Andrews = Rhynchosia hirta
nutans (Pers.) Benth. = D. cinerea subsp. africana var. junodii (Harms) Verdc.
africana Vigna junodii Harms (4)
nutans (Pers.) Benth. var. setulosa Welw. ex Oliv. = D. Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 900–1524 m. N, B, LIM, M,
cinerea subsp. africana var. setulosa KZN
nyassana Taub. = D. cinerea subsp. nyassana lablab L. = Lablab purpureus subsp. purpureus
lignosus L. = Dipogon lignosus
DIPHACA L. 3792010
linearis E.Mey.
discolor (Vatke) Chiov. = Ormocarpum kirkii Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt 152–1921
kirkii (S.Moore) Taub. = Ormocarpum kirkii m. LIM, G, FS, KZN, L, EC
trichocarpa Taub. = Ormocarpum trichocarpum longistipellatus Harms = Macrotyloma rupestre
maritimus Aubl. = Canavalia rosea
DIPOGON Liebm. 3909010 minimus L. = Rhynchosia minima var. minima
peglerae L.Bolus
(2) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24,3: 406.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 40–1464 m. KZN,
EC
lignosus (L.) Verdc.
Dolichos gibbosus Thunb. (2) pratensis (E.Mey.) Taub.
Dolichos lignosus L. (2) Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 1030–
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.01–3.65 m. Alt 5–1675 1830 m. LIM, NW, G, FS, L
m. G, M, KZN, NC, WC, EC pruriens L. = Mucuna pruriens var. pruriens
DOLICHOS L. 3910000 pseudodebilis Harms
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? N
(1) Bolus. 1906. Transactions of South African Royal Philosophical purpureus L. = Lablab purpureus subsp. purpureus
Society 16: 383. reticulatus Schltr. = Vigna nervosa
(3) Bolus. 1947. The Flowering Plants of Africa 26: t. 1028. roseus Sw. = Canavalia rosea
(5) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 4: 674–696. rupestris Baker = Macrotyloma rupestre
(6) Hilliard & Burtt. 1988. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden schlechteri Harms ex Burtt Davy = Decorsea schlech-
Edinburgh 45,1: 83, 84.
teri
andongensis Baker = D. trilobus subsp. trilobus var. sericeus E.Mey. subsp. sericeus
trilobus Rhynchosia sphaerocephala Baker (5)
angustifolius Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht ?–1.2 m. Alt 5–1891 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 1220–2030 m. M, S, KZN, L, EC
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC sinensis L. = Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguiculata
angustissimus E.Mey. taubertii Baker f. = Macrotyloma maranguense
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt 1220–1936 m. N,
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, EC trilobus L. subsp. transvaalicus Verdc.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt 320–1850
axillaris E.Mey. = Macrotyloma axillare var. axillare m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
brachypus Engl. = Neorautanenia amboensis
trilobus L. subsp. trilobus var. trilobus
daltonii Webb = Macrotyloma daltonii D. andongensis Baker (5)
D. falcatus Willd. (5)
decumbens Thunb.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 15–1380 m. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt? KZN
NC, WC, EC uncinatus Schweinf. = Lablab purpureus subsp. unci-
ensiformis L. = Canavalia ensiformis natus
falcatus Willd. = D. trilobus subsp. trilobus var. trilobus unguiculatus L. = Vigna unguiculata subsp. unguicu-
lata
falciformis E.Mey.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–1.2 m. Alt 60–2135 m. LIM, venulosus Hiern = Rhynchosia venulosa
NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC virosus Roxb. = Canavalia virosa
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Dichrostachys

DUMASIA DC. 3861000 ENTADA Adans. 3468000

Compiled by T. Nkonki Compiled by T. Nkonki
(1) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 4: 513–515. (1) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 150–155.
(2) Panigrahi. 1985. Taxon 34: 714.
villosa DC. var. villosa
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 55–1830 m. arenaria Schinz subsp. arenaria
E. nana Harms (1)
LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, EC
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1.25 m.
Alt 305–1220 m. N, B
ELEPHANTORRHIZA Benth. 3467000
flexuosa Hutch. & Dalziel = E. wahlbergii
gogo (Blanco) I.M.Johnst. = E. rheedii
(1) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 138–150.
(2) Ross. 1982. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1859. monostachya DC. = E. rheedii
burchellii Benth. = E. elephantina nana Harms = E. arenaria subsp. arenaria
burkei Benth. natalensis Benth. var. aculeata Harv. = Adenopodia
E. elephantina (Burch.) Skeels var. burkei (Benth.) Merr. (1) spicata
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.3–10 m. Alt 350–1500 m. pursaetha DC. = E. rheedii
B, LIM, NW, G, M rheedii Spreng.
dinteri E.Phillips = E. elephantina Adenanthera gogo Blanco (1)
E. gogo (Blanco) I.M.Johnst. (1)
elephantina (Burch.) Skeels E. monostachya DC. (1)
Acacia elephantina Burch. (1) E. pursaetha DC. (2)
Acacia elephantorrhiza DC. (1) Perennial. Climber. Ht 2–75 m. Alt 3–20 m. KZN
E. burchellii Benth. (1)
E. dinteri E.Phillips (1) spicata (E.Mey.) Druce = Adenopodia spicata
Prosopis elephantina (Burch.) E.Mey. (1) wahlbergii Harv.
Prosopis elephantorrhiza (DC.) Spreng. (1)
E. flexuosa Hutch. & Dalziel (1)
Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, suffrutex. Entadopsis flexuosa (Hutch. & Dalziel) G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique (1)
Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 250–1800 m. N, B, LIM, NW, Entadopsis wahlbergii (Harv.) Pedro (1)
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC Pusaetha wahlbergii (Harv.) Kuntze (1)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 3–10 m. Alt 90–1400 m. S,
elephantina (Burch.) Skeels var. burkei (Benth.) Merr. =
KZN
E. burkei
goetzei (Harms) Harms subsp. goetzei ENTADOPSIS Britton 3468010
E. rubescens Gibbs (1)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–7 m. Alt 200–1450 m. flexuosa (Hutch. & Dalziel) G.C.C.Gilbert & Boutique
N, B, LIM, M = Entada wahlbergii
obliqua Burtt Davy var. glabra E.Phillips wahlbergii (Harv.) Pedro = Entada wahlbergii
E. transvaalensis E.Phillips (1)
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. EPISTEMUM Walp. 3644020
Alt 1000–1580 m. LIM, NW, M ferrugineum Walp. = Amphithalea cuneifolia
obliqua Burtt Davy var. obliqua
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. ERIOSEMA (DC.) G.Don 3898000
Alt 1700–1850 m. M Compiled by T. Nkonki
praetermissa J.H.Ross (1) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 1–285.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 1050–1220 m. LIM, (2) Baker. 1929. Leguminosae of tropical Africa 2: 505–515.
(3) Hutchinson & Dalziel. 1935. Kew Bulletin 5: 277, 278.
M (4) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 4: 761–805.
pubescens E.Phillips = E. woodii var. pubescens (5) Stirton. 1981. Bothalia 13: 307–315.
(6) Stirton. 1984. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: t. 1900.
rangei Harms (7) Stirton. 1986. Bothalia 16: 11–22.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 850–1800 m. N (8) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 398–408.
(9) Stirton. 1994. Kew Bulletin 49,3: 529–532.
rubescens Gibbs = E. goetzei subsp. goetzei
schinziana Dinter acuminatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.H.Stirt.
Desmodium squarrosum (Thunb.) DC. var. acuminatum Eckl. & Zeyh. (7)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 1200–1450 m. N E. squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. var. acuminatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (7)
suffruticosa Schinz Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.25 m. Alt 30–2135 m. KZN,
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–5 m. Alt 400–1850 m. EC
N angustifolium Burtt Davy
transvaalensis E.Phillips = E. obliqua var. glabra Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 152–1690 m. LIM
woodii E.Phillips var. pubescens E.Phillips angustifolium Burtt Davy × E. ellipticifolium Schinz
E. pubescens E.Phillips (1) (insufficiently known) (5)
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN
Alt 1000–1850 m. KZN, L buchananii Baker f. var. buchananii
woodii E.Phillips var. woodii E. richardii Benth. ex Baker f. var. ovatum Staner & De Craene (3)
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–0.6 m. Alt 1451–
Alt 900–1200 m. M, KZN 1555 m. LIM
FABACEAE Dumasia DICOTYLEDONS

burkei Harv. var. burkei Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 4–2100 m. M, FS,
E. leucanthum Baker f. (4) KZN
lucipetum C.H.Stirt. × E. cordatum E.Mey.
NW, G, M
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN
cajanoides (Guill. & Perr.) Hook.f. = E. psoraleoides
luteopetalum C.H.Stirt.
capitatum E.Mey. = Otholobium sericeum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 4–160 m.
consanguineum Klotzsch = E. parviflorum subsp. KZN
parviflorum naviculare C.H.Stirt.
cordatum E.Mey. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.6 m. Alt ?–610 m. M
E. cordatum E.Mey. var. guenzii (Sond.) Harv. (5)
E. guenzii Sond. (5)
nutans Schinz
E. richardii Benth. ex Baker f. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.6 m. Alt 0–1830 m. LIM, Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 1372–
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC 2074 m. LIM, G, M, S
cordatum E.Mey. var. guenzii (Sond.) Harv. = E. corda- oblongum Harv. = E. pauciflorum var. pauciflorum
tum
parviflorum E.Mey. subsp. parviflorum
cordatum E.Mey. × E. kraussianum Meisn. E. consanguineum Klotzsch (4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 2–518 m.
cordatum E.Mey. × E. preptum C.H.Stirt. LIM, G, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN pauciflorum Klotzsch var. pauciflorum
cordatum E.Mey. × E. salignum E.Mey. E. oblongum Harv. (4)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, NW,
M
cordatum E.Mey. × E. squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN pauciflorum Klotzsch × E. salignum E.Mey.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? G
cryptantha Baker = Pearsonia cajanifolia subsp. cryp-
tantha polystachyium E.Mey. = E. psoraleoides
distinctum N.E.Br. populifolium Harv. subsp. capensis C.H.Stirt. &
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt 1–1575 m. LIM, Gordon-Gray
M, KZN, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt ?–366 m. KZN,
dregei E.Mey. EC
E. squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. var. dregei Benth. ex Harv. (7) populifolium Harv. subsp. populifolium
E. zeyheri E.Mey. var. dregei (E.Mey.) Baker f. (7) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 610–915 m. KZN
Rhynchosia dregei (E.Mey.) Steud. (7)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt 9–175 preptum C.H.Stirt.
m. KZN, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 1.5–762 m. KZN
durnfordensis C.H.Stirt. ×provectum C.H.Stirt.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN
ellipticifolium Schinz psoraleoides (Lam.) G.Don
Crotalaria psoraloides Lam. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.09–0.25 m. Alt 945–2072 m. E. cajanoides (Guill. & Perr.) Hook.f. (5)
LIM, M, S, KZN E. polystachyium E.Mey. (4)
fasciculatum Schinz Rhynchosia cajanoides Guill. & Perr. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? LIM Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–2 m. Alt 6–
1400 m. B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN
guenzii Sond. = E. cordatum
psoraleoides (Lam.) G.Don × E. salignum E.Mey.
gunniae C.H.Stirt. Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN
LIM, M richardii Benth. ex Baker f. = E. nutans
harmsiana Dinter richardii Benth. ex Baker f. var. ovatum Staner & De
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? N Craene = E. buchananii var. buchananii
kraussianum Meisn. rossii C.H.Stirt.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt 30–2440 m. M, Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.35 m. Alt 610–1067 m. KZN,
FS, KZN, EC EC
kraussianum Meisn. × E. squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. rufescens Schinz
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? S
latifolium (Benth. ex Harv.) C.H.Stirt. salignum E.Mey.
E. squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. var. latifolium Benth. ex Harv. (7) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 15–1769 m. LIM,
E. zeyheri E.Mey. var. latifolium Benth. ex Baker f. (7) NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht ?–1 m. Alt ?–915 m. salignum E.Mey. × E. cordatum E.Mey.
KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN
leucanthum Baker f. = E. burkei var. burkei salignum E.Mey. × E. kraussianum Meisn.
lucipetum C.H.Stirt. Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Eriosema

salignum E.Mey. × E. squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. acanthocarpa E.Mey.

Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 250–1500 m. EC
simulans C.H.Stirt. baumii in sense of Codd, misapplied name = E. mendesii
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? M, S, FS, KZN caffra Thunb.
squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. E. constantiana Micheli (8)
Crotalaria lineata Thunb. (7) E. fissa C.Presl (8)
Desmodium squarrosum (Thunb.) DC. var. acutifolium Eckl. & Zeyh. (7) Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–18 m. Alt 0–1500 m. KZN, EC
E. zeyheri E.Mey. (7)
Hedysarum squarrosum Thunb. (7) caffra Thunb. var. mossambicensis Baker f. = E. lysis-
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 15–1402 m. KZN, temon
EC ×coddii Barneby & Krukoff
squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. var. acuminatum (Eckl. & Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–10 m. Alt 100–1500 m. KZN
Zeyh.) Harv. = E. acuminatum constantiana Micheli = E. caffra
squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. var. dregei Benth. ex Harv.
= E. dregei *crista-galli L.
Micropteryx crista-galli (L.) Walp. (8)
squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. var. latifolium Benth. ex Harv. Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–6 m. Alt 1000–1450 m. G, S
= E. latifolium
decora Harms
squarrosum (Thunb.) Walp. × E. cordatum E.Mey. Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 500–1850 m. N
×dyeri Hennessy
streyi C.H.Stirt.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 150–600 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt? EC
superpositum C.H.Stirt. fissa C.Presl = E. caffra
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 91–1769 m. KZN gibbsae Baker f. = E. latissima
transvaalense C.H.Stirt. ×hennessyae Barneby & Krukoff
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 829–1690 m. LIM, Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 1250–1500 m.
M LIM, NW
transvaalense C.H.Stirt. × E. angustifolium Burtt Davy huillensis Welw. ex Baker = E. abyssinica
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? LIM
humeana Spreng.
umtamvunense C.H.Stirt. E. humei E.Mey. (8)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 396–427 m. KZN, E. humei E.Mey. var. raja (Meisn.) Harv. (8)
EC E. princeps A.Dietr. (16)
villosum (Meisn.) C.A.Sm. = Rhynchosia villosa Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–4 m. Alt 0–1700 m.
LIM, M, S, KZN, L, EC
×woodii C.H.Stirt.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN humei E.Mey. = E. humeana
zeyheri E.Mey. = E. squarrosum humei E.Mey. var. raja (Meisn.) Harv. = E. humeana
zeyheri E.Mey. var. dregei (E.Mey.) Baker f. = E. dregei ×johnsoniae Hennessy
zeyheri E.Mey. var. latifolium Benth. ex Baker f. = E. E. latissima E.Mey. × E. caffra Thunb. (16)
latifolium Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–14 m. Alt 0–250 m. KZN, EC
zuluense C.H.Stirt. latissima E.Mey.
E. gibbsae Baker f. (8)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.12 m. Alt 305–671 m. KZN E. sandersoni Harv. (8)
ERYTHRINA L. 3870000 Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–12 m. Alt 150–1550 m. LIM, M,
S, KZN, EC
(1) Baker. 1871. FTA 2: 181–184. latissima E.Mey. × E. caffra Thunb. = E. ×johnsoniae
lysistemon Hutch.
E. caffra Thunb. var. mossambicensis Baker f. (8)
(5) Dyer. 1947. The Flowering Plants of Africa 26: t. 1011. Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.8–10 m. Alt 0–1800 m. B, LIM,
(6) Codd. 1956. Bothalia 6: 507–514. NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
(8) Krukoff & Barneby. 1974. Lloydia 37: 332–459.
mendesii Torre
E. baumii in sense of Codd, misapplied name (16)
(9) Hennessy. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1710.
(10) Hennessy. 1977. The Flowering Plants of Africa 44: t. 1737. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 850–
(11) Codd. 1977. The Flowering Plants of Africa 44: t. 1738. 1000 m. N, B
(12) Hennessy. 1978. The Flowering Plants of Africa 44: t. 1754.
(13) Hennessy. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: t. 1786. mossambicensis Sim = E. abyssinica
(14) Hennessy. 1985. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: t. 1911. princeps A.Dietr. = E. humeana
(15) Hennessy. 1986. Bothalia 16: 48–51.
(16) Hennessy. 1991. Bothalia 21: 1–25. sandersoni Harv. = E. latissima
*abyssinica Lam. ex DC. suberifera Welw. ex Baker = E. abyssinica
E. huillensis Welw. ex Baker (8)
E. mossambicensis Sim (8) zeyheri Harv.
E. suberifera Welw. ex Baker (8) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 300–
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–15 m. Alt 950–1100 m. B 2050 m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC
FABACEAE Eriosema DICOTYLEDONS

ERYTHROPHLEUM Afzel. 3471000 genistoides Thunb. var. β = Cyclopia galioides

ex G.Don grandiflora Aiton = Tephrosia grandiflora
Compiled by H.F. Glen lupinifolia Burch. = Tephrosia lupinifolia
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 10–13. pallens Aiton = Tephrosia capensis var. capensis
africanum (Welw. ex Benth.) Harms ternata Thunb. = Aspalathus ternata
Caesalpinioides africanum (Welw. ex Benth.) Kuntze (1)
E. africanum (Welw. ex Benth.) Harms var. stenocarpum Harms (1)
E. pubistamineum Henn. (1) GENISTA L. 3675000
E. pubistamineum Henn. var. parvifolium Schinz (1) Compiled by H.F. Glen
Gleditsia africana Welw. ex Benth. (1)
(1) Greuter et al. 1989. MedChecklist 4: 98.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4.5–15 m. Alt 900–1400 m. N, B (2) Anon. 2002. ILDIS LegumeWeb. http://biodiversity.soton.ac.uk/
africanum (Welw. ex Benth.) Harms var. stenocarpum LegumeWeb accessed on 29-01-2002.
Harms = E. africanum buxifolia Burm.f. = Cyclopia buxifolia
guineense G.Don var. swaziense Burtt Davy = E. lasian- connata (Harv.) Briq. = Polhillia connata
thum
lasianthum Corbishley involucrata (Thunb.) Briq. = Polhillia involucrata
E. guineense G.Don var. swaziense Burtt Davy (1) *monspessulana (L.) L.A.S.Johnson
E. suaveolens in sense of Compton, misapplied name (1) Cytisus candicans (L.) Lam. (2)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–23 m. Alt 20–600 m. S, KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 100–250 m. WC
pubistamineum Henn. = E. africanum
pubistamineum Henn. var. parvifolium Schinz = E. afri- *GLEDITSIA L. 3544000
canum Compiled by T. Nkonki
suaveolens in sense of Compton, misapplied name = E. (1) King. 1995. European garden flora 4: 471.
lasianthum (2) Henderson. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: 117.
africana Welw. ex Benth. = Erythrophleum africanum
FAGELIA Neck. 3893000 triacanthos L.
bituminosa (L.) DC., rejected name = Bolusafra bitu- Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–5.5 m. Alt 0–1500 m.
minosa LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
resinosa A.Rich. = Rhynchosia resinosa
GLYCINE L. 3864000
FAIDHERBIA A.Chev. 3446010
argentea Thunb. = Rhynchosia argentea
(1) Chevalier. 1934. Revue de Botanique Appliquée et d’Agriculture bituminosa L. = Bolusafra bituminosa
Tropicale 14: 876. caribaea Jacq. = Rhynchosia caribaea
(2) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 44–46.
(3) Vassal. 1981. In Polhill & Raven, Advances in Legume debilis Aiton = Teramnus labialis subsp. labialis
Systematics 1: 169–171. javanica L. subsp. javanica = Neonotonia wightii
albida (Delile) A.Chev.
Acacia albida Delile (1) javanica L. subsp. micrantha (Hochst. & A.Rich.) F.J.Herm.
Acacia mossambicensis Bolle (2) = Neonotonia wightii
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–30 m. Alt 6–1220 m. N, B, LIM, labialis L.f. = Teramnus labialis subsp. labialis
M, KZN maranguensis Taub. = Macrotyloma maranguense
FLEMINGIA Roxb. ex W.T.Aiton 3899000 sublobata Schumach. = Rhynchosia sublobata
Compiled by T. Nkonki totta Thunb. = Rhynchosia totta var. totta
(1) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, Part 4: 805. wightii (Wight & Arn.) Verdc. subsp. wightii var. longi-
grahamiana Wight & Arn. cauda (Schweinf.) Verdc. = Neonotonia wightii
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.9–2 m. Alt 701–1601 m.
LIM, M, S, KZN *GLYCYRRHIZA L. 3769000
macrocalyx Baker f. = Rhynchosia clivorum var. clivo- Compiled by T. Nkonki
rum (1) Ball. 1968. Flora europaea 2: 127.
(2) Cullen. 1995. European garden flora 4: 510.
GALACTIA P.Browne 3882000 glabra L.
Compiled by T. Nkonki G. glandulifera Waldst. & Kit. (1)
(1) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, Part 4: 578. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 150–1200 m. WC,
tenuiflora (Willd.) Wight & Arn. var. villosa (Wight & EC
Arn.) Benth. glandulifera Waldst. & Kit. = G. glabra
Perennial. Herb, prostrate or climbing, or shrub. Ht
0.6–1.4 m. Alt 15–1525 m. M, S, KZN GOMPHOLOBIUM Smith 3628000
GALEGA L. 3715000 maculatum Andrews = Cyclopia maculata
colutea Burm.f. = Indigofera colutea var. colutea
GORSKIA Bolle 3490050
genistoides Thunb. = Cyclopia genistoides var. genis-
toides conjugata Bolle = Guibourtia conjugata
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Erythrophleum

GUAJACUM L. 3506020 HETEROLATHUS C.Presl 3662030

afrum L. = Schotia afra var. afra involucrata (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus fasciculata
polycephala (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus polyce-
GUIBOURTIA Benn. 3490020 phala subsp. polycephala
suaveolens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus sua-
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 19–23. veolens
coleosperma (Benth.) J.Léonard
Copaiba coleosperma (Benth.) Kuntze (1)
Copaifera coleosperma Benth. (1)
HOFFMANNSEGGIA Cav. 3557000
Copaiva coleosperma (Benth.) Britton (1) Compiled by T. Nkonki
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–20 m. Alt 900–1100 m. N, B (1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 117–122.
conjugata (Bolle) J.Léonard burchellii (DC.) Benth. ex Oliv. subsp. burchellii
Copaiba conjugata (Bolle) Kuntze (1) Caesalpinia melanosticta Spreng. (1)
Copaifera conjugata (Bolle) Milne-Redh. (1) Melanosticta burchellii DC. (1)
Copaifera gorskia Schinz (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 850–
Copaifera gorskiana Benth. (1)
Gorskia conjugata Bolle (1) 1350 m. N, B, NW, NC
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–12 m. Alt 320–520 m. LIM burchellii (DC.) Benth. ex Oliv. subsp. rubro-violacea
(Baker f.) Brummitt & J.H.Ross
GUILANDINA L. 3559020 H. rubro-violacea Baker f. (1)
bonduc L. = Caesalpinia bonduc 1350 m. B, LIM, NW
HAEMATOXYLUM L. 3552000 lactea (Schinz) Schinz
H. pearsonii E.Phillips (1)
Compiled by T. Nkonki H. sandersonii (Harv.) Engl. var. lactea Schinz (1)
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 112–114. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 600–1450 m. N,
africanum Stephens = H. dinteri B, NW, NC
dinteri (Harms) Harms pearsonii E.Phillips = H. lactea
Caesalpinia dinteri Harms (1)
Caesalpinia obovata Schinz (1) rubra Engl. = Caesalpinia rubra
H. africanum Stephens (1) rubro-violacea Baker f. = H. burchellii subsp. rubro-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 750–1300 m. N violacea
sandersonii (Harv.) Engl.
HALLIA Thunb. 3819000 Melanosticta sandersonii Harv. (1)
alata Thunb. = Psoralea alata Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m.
Alt 600–2000 m. KZN, EC
asarina (P.J.Bergius) Thunb. = Psoralea asarina
sandersonii (Harv.) Engl. var. lactea Schinz = H. lactea
cordata (L.) Thunb. = Psoralea monophylla
filiformis Harv. = Psoralea cataracta HYPOCALYPTUS Thunb. 3683000
flaccida Thunb. = Psoralea planta Compiled by T. Nkonki
imbricata (L.) Thunb. = Psoralea imbricata (1) Dahlgren. 1972. Botaniska Notiser 125: 102–125.
virgata Thunb. = Psoralea laxa capensis (L.) Thunb. = Virgilia oroboides subsp. oroboi-
des
HEDYSARUM L. 3778000 coluteoides (Lam.) R.Dahlgren
canum J.F.Gmel. = Desmodium incanum Crotalaria coluteoides Lam. (1)
Crotalaria purpurea Vent. (1)
capense Burm.f. = Wiborgia obcordata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 50–1150 m. WC,
gangeticum L. = Desmodium gangeticum EC
incanum Sw. = Desmodium incanum obcordatus Thunb. = H. sophoroides
lasiocarpum P.Beauv. = Desmodium velutinum oxalidifolius (Sims) Baill.
maculatum L. = Desmodium gangeticum Loddigesia oxalidifolia Sims (1)
nummulariifolium L. = Indigofera nummulariifolia WC, EC
racemosum Aubl. = Desmodium incanum sophoroides (P.J.Bergius) Baill.
repandum Vahl = Desmodium repandum Crotalaria cordifolia L. (1)
H. obcordatus Thunb. (1)
salicifolium Poir. = Desmodium salicifolium var. sali- Spartium sophoroides P.J.Bergius (1)
cifolium Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 200–1350 m. WC
squarrosum Thunb. = Eriosema squarrosum
tortuosum Sw. = Desmodium tortuosum IBBETSONIA Sims 3620010
vaginale L. = Alysicarpus vaginalis var. vaginalis genistoides Sims = Cyclopia genistoides var. genis-
velutinum Willd. = Desmodium velutinum toides
FABACEAE Guajacum DICOTYLEDONS

INDIGASTRUM Jaub. & Spach 3702030 (3) Richard. 1847. Tentamen florae abyssinicae 1: 178–185.
(4) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 163–203.
(5) Baker. 1871. FTA 2: 65–103.
(1) Dyer. 1944. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 24: t. 939. (6) Baker. 1877. Journal of Linnean Society of Botany 15: 92, 93.
(2) Gillett. 1958. Kew Bulletin Add. Ser. 1: 8. (7) Vatke. 1879. Österreichishe Botanische Zeitschrift 29: 221.
(3) Schrire. 1992. Bothalia 22: 165–170. (8) Baker. 1887. Journal of Linnean Society of Botany 22: 463, 464.
(4) Schrire. 1995. Advances in Legume Systematics 7: 161–224. (9) Schinz. 1889. Verhandlungen des Botanischen Vereins der Provinz
argyraeum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schrire Brandenburg 30: 162.
Indigofera argyraea Eckl. & Zeyh. (3) (10) Baker. 1897. Kew Bulletin Nos 128,129: 254–257.
Indigofera burchellii E.Mey. var. multifolia E.Mey. (3) (11) De Wildeman & Durand. 1901. Annales du Musèe r. du Congo Belge
Indigofera burchellii E.Mey. var. paucifolia E.Mey. (3) sér. 3–1: 60.
Indigofera collina Eckl. & Zeyh. (3) (12) Baker. 1903. Journal of Botany, London 41: 323–334.
Indigofera nivea Willd. ex Spreng. (4) (13) Warburg. 1903. Kunene-Sambesi Expedition 257, 258.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 90–1770 m. N, Society 16: 381, 382.
NW, FS, KZN, NC, EC (15) Stockholm. 1914. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Schwedischen
argyroides (E.Mey.) Schrire Rhodesia-Kongo-Expedition. 1: 79.
Indigofera argyroides E.Mey. (3) (16) Baker & Martin. 1923. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de État à Bruxelles
Indigofera engleri Baker f. (3) 8: 154.
Indigofera saxicola Engl. (3) (17) Johnston. 1924. Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.5 m. Alt 155–915 m. N, NC, EC University 73: 35.
(18) Brown. 1925. Kew Bulletin 1925: 142–159.
burkeanum (Benth. ex Harv.) Schrire (19) Baker. 1926. Leguminosae of tropical Africa 1: 95–166.
Indigofera burkeana Benth. ex Harv. in part ‘Transvaal’ specimens (3) (20) Baker. 1935. Journal of Botany, London 73: 78.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt 1372–1800 m. (21) Dyer. 1944. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 24: t. 939.
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN (22) Van Druten. 1957. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1247.
(23) Gillett. 1958. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 1: 67, 68.
candidissimum (Dinter) Schrire (24) Gillett. 1967. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum. 37: t. 3625.
Indigofera candidissima Dinter (3) (25) Gillett. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24,3: 465–505.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 1480 m. N, (26) Merxmüller. 1970. FSWA 60: 38–62.
LIM (27) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 3,1: 21.
(28) Ross 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No.
costatum (Guill. & Perr.) Schrire subsp. macrum (E.Mey.) 39: 200.
Schrire (29) Gonçalves. 1981. Garcia de Orto 5: 90.
Indigofera costata Guill. & Perr. subsp. macra (E.Mey.) J.B.Gillett (3) (30) Hilliard & Burtt. 1986. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
Indigofera macra E.Mey. (3) Edinburgh 43,2: 207–210.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt 45–1675 m. N, B, (31) Jarvie & Stirton. 1986. Bothalia 16: 230, 231.
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN (32) Germishuizen. 1987. Bothalia 17: 33, 34.
(33) Jarvie & Stirton. 1987. Bothalia 17: 1–6.
costatum (Guill. & Perr.) Schrire subsp. theuschii (34) Schrire. 1991. Systematic studies in African Indigofereae
(O.Hoffm.) Schrire (insufficiently known) (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae). Unpublished Ph.D. thesis,
Indigofera affinis Harv. (3) University of Natal.
Indigofera burkeana in sense of J.B.Gillett in part excl. ‘Transvaal’ (35) Phillipson. 1992. South African Journal of Botany 58,3: 129–132.
specimens, misapplied name (3) (36) Du Puy et al. 1993. Kew Bulletin 48,4: 727–733.
Indigofera costata Guill. & Perr. subsp. theuschii (O.Hoffm.) (37) Germishuizen & Condy. 1997. Flowering Plants of Africa 55:
J.B.Gillett (3) 60–63, t. 2131.
Indigofera gonioides Hochst. ex Baker var. damarensis Baker f. (3) (38) Schrire. 1997. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 14,4: 213–220.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? N, B, ‘CP’ (39) Schrire. 1998. Kew Bulletin 53,3: 651–668.
fastigiatum (E.Mey.) Schrire acanthoclada Dinter
Indigofera fastigiata E.Mey. (3) I. longispina Baker f. ex J.B.Gillett (34)
Indigofera fastigiata E.Mey. var. angustata Harv. (3) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? N
Indigofera rostrata Conrath (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 60–3500 m. LIM, acanthorhachis Dinter = Lessertia acanthorhachis
NW, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC accepta N.E.Br. = I. setiflora
guerranum (Torre) Schrire acutifolia Schinz = Microcharis disjuncta var. disjuncta
Indigofera guerrana Torre (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt? N acutisepala Conrath ex Baker f. = I. zeyheri
parviflorum (B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn.) Schrire subsp. adenocarpa E.Mey.
occidentalis (J.B.Gillett) Schrire Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ?–1740 m. N
Indigofera parviflora B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn. var. occidentalis adenoides Baker f.
J.B.Gillett (3)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb, creeper. Ht 0.05–
1.2 m. Alt 885–1700 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M,
parviflorum (B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn.) Schrire subsp. KZN
parviflorum var. parviflorum
Indigofera deflexa Hochst. ex A.Rich. (3) adonensis E.Mey. = I. poliotes
Indigofera parviflora B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn. var. parviflora (3) adscendens Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. heterophylla
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–5 m. Alt 915–1850 m. N, B,
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC aeruginis Schweinf. = I. trigonelloides
affinis Harv. = Indigastrum costatum subsp. theuschii
INDIGOFERA L. 3702000
alopecuroides (Burm.f.) DC. var. alopecuroides
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo I. coriacea Aiton var. alopecuroides (Burm.f.) Harv. (34)
(1) Linnaeus. 1753. Species plantarum edn 1, 2: 751. Perennial. Shrub, herb, creeper. Ht 0.15–0.91 m. Alt
(2) Gaertner. 1791. De fructibus et seminibus plantarum 2: 317, 318. 30–610 m. NC, WC, EC
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Indigastrum

alopecuroides (Burm.f.) DC. var. minor Eckl. & Zeyh. = argyraea Eckl. & Zeyh. = Indigastrum argyraeum
I. alopecuroides var. minor argyroides E.Mey. = Indigastrum argyroides
alopecuroides (Burm.f.) DC. var. minor E.Mey. arrecta Benth. ex Harv., not of Hochst. ex A.Rich. = I.
I. alopecuroides (Burm.f.) DC. var. minor Eckl. & Zeyh. (34)
I. coriacea Aiton var. minor (E.Mey.) Harv. (34) confusa
I. mauritanica (L.) Thunb. var. minor E.Mey. (34) arrecta Hochst. ex A.Rich.
I. microphylla Lam. (34) I. scopa De Wild. & T.Durand (38)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, creeper. Ht 0.15–6 m. I. umbonata Welw. ex Baker (38)
Alt 153–1555 m. WC, EC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 10–
alopecuroides E.Mey., not of DC. = I. candolleana 1403 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN
alopecurus Schltr. = I. foliosa arthrophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. denudata
alpina Eckl. & Zeyh. astragalina DC.
I. stipularis Link (34) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 610–1050 m. N, B,
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt 610–1824 m. WC, LIM, M
EC atrata N.E.Br.
alternans DC. var. alternans Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 900–1890 m. LIM,
I. effusa E.Mey. (23) M
I. enneaphylla Eckl. & Zeyh., not of L. (34)
atrinota N.E.Br. = I. reducta
LIM, NW, G, FS, NC, WC, EC auricoma E.Mey.
I. auricoma E.Mey. var. cuneata Baker f. (26)
amitina N.E.Br. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 755–
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 915– 1463 m. N, NC
1335 m. M, S
auricoma E.Mey. var. cuneata Baker f. = I. auricoma
amoena Aiton
auricoma E.Mey. var. hololeuca (Benth. ex Harv.) J.B.Gillett
Perennial. Shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 122–
= I. hololeuca
570 m. NC, WC
axillaris E.Mey. = Amphithalea virgata
amorphoides Jaub. & Spach
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? N bainesii Baker
I. variabilis N.E.Br. in part (23)
anabibensis A.Schreib. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 305–
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.05 m. Alt? N 1100 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, NC
angustata E.Mey. bakeriana Vig. = I. demissa
I. stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. (34)
I. zeyheri Spreng. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. var. trifoliolata Eckl. & Zeyh. (34) baukeana Vatke = I. schimperi var. baukeana
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1.83 m. Alt 305– baumiana Harms
700 m. EC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.7–2 m. Alt? N
angustifolia Curtis, not of L. = I. verrucosa bifrons E.Mey. = I. burchellii
angustifolia L. var. angustifolia bifrons E.Mey. var. digitata E.Mey. = I. burchellii
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 30–1415 m. bifrons E.Mey. var. trifoliata E.Mey. = I. meyeriana
WC
bolusii N.E.Br. = I. spicata var. spicata
angustifolia L. var. brachystachya DC. = I. brachys- brachystachya (DC.) E.Mey.
tachya I. angustifolia L. var. brachystachya DC. (34)
angustifolia L. var. tenuifolia (Lam.) Harv. I. angustifolia Thunb., not of L. (34)
I. leptocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. (34) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–6 m. Alt 3–610 m. WC
I. strigosa Spreng. (34) brevifolia N.E.Br. = I. inyangana
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt? M, WC, EC buchananii Burtt Davy
angustifolia Thunb., not of L. = I. brachystachya Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 1372–1524 m.
angustiloba Baker f. = I. torulosa var. angustiloba LIM, NW, S
anil L. = I. suffruticosa burchellii DC.
I. bifrons E.Mey. (34)
annua Milne-Redh. I. bifrons E.Mey. var. digitata E.Mey. (34)
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? N Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 915–2300 m. NC,
antennulifera L.Bolus = I. arenophila EC
aphylla Breiter ex Link = I. filifolia burchellii E.Mey. var. multifolia E.Mey. = Indigastrum
aquae-nitentis Bremek. argyraeum
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt 200– burchellii E.Mey. var. paucifolia E.Mey. = Indigastrum
1100 m. N, LIM, G argyraeum
arenaria E.Mey. = I. exigua burkeana Benth. ex Harv. in part, ‘Transvaal’ specimens
= Indigastrum burkeanum
arenophila Schinz
I. antennulifera L.Bolus (23) burkeana in sense of J.B.Gillett in part, excl. ‘Trans-
Lotononis omahekensis Dinter ex A.Schreib. (26) vaal’ specimens, misapplied name = Indigastrum
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt? N costatum subsp. theuschii
FABACEAE Indigofera DICOTYLEDONS

calva E.Mey. = I. humifusa concava Harv.

candicans Aiton Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 600–1494
EC confusa Prain & Baker f.
I. arrecta Benth. ex Harv., not of Hochst. ex A.Rich. (34)
candicans E.Mey., not of Aiton = I. heterophylla I. pretoriana Harms (34)
candicans Sieber = I. filiformis Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1250–1700 m.
candidissima Dinter = Indigastrum candidissimum LIM, NW, G, M
candolleana Meisn. consanguinea Klotzsch = I. colutea var. colutea
Anila mauritanica (L.) Kuntze var. oligantha Kuntze (34) coriacea Aiton = I. mauritanica
I. alopecuroides E.Mey., not of DC. (34)
I. coriacea Aiton var. hirta Harv. (34) coriacea Aiton var. alopecuroides (Burm.f.) Harv. = I.
I. mauritanica (L.) Thunb. var. erecta Eckl. & Zeyh. (34) alopecuroides var. alopecuroides
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.6–0.8 m. Alt 350– coriacea Aiton var. cana Harv. = I. mauritanica
519 m. WC
coriacea Aiton var. hirta Harv. = I. candolleana
capillaris Thunb.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 185–1525 m. WC coriacea Aiton var. major E.Mey. = I. mauritanica
cardiophylla Harv. = I. meyeriana coriacea Aiton var. minor (E.Mey.) Harv. = I. alope-
curoides var. minor
carinata De Wild. = I. trita subsp. subulata
corniculata E.Mey. = I. tristis
cecilii N.E.Br.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1678–2100 m. N, B coronilloides Jaub. & Spach = I. trita subsp. scabra
centrota Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. denudata costata Guill. & Perr. subsp. macra (E.Mey.) J.B.Gillett
= Indigastrum costatum subsp. macrum
charlieriana Schinz var. charlieriana
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt 885–1370 m. N, B, costata Guill. & Perr. subsp. theuschii (O.Hoffm.) J.B.Gillett
LIM, M, KZN, NC = Indigastrum costatum subsp. theuschii
charlieriana Schinz var. lata J.B.Gillett crebra N.E.Br.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 915–1065 m. N, B, NC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 1000–1700 m. M, S
charlieriana Schinz var. scaberrima (Schinz) J.B.Gillett cryptantha Benth. ex Harv. var. cryptantha
I. charlieriana Schinz var. sessilis (Chiov.) J.B.Gillett (34) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 262–
I. relaxata N.E.Br. (34) 1485 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC,
I. scaberrima Schinz (34) WC
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt ?–1038 m. N, NC cryptantha Benth. ex Harv. var. occidentalis Baker f.
charlieriana Schinz var. sessilis (Chiov.) J.B.Gillett = I. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 410–
charlieriana var. scaberrima 1675 m. N, M, NC
cinerascens Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. zeyheri cryptantha in sense of A.Schreib., not of Benth. ex Harv.,
circinnata Benth. ex Harv. misapplied name = I. hofmanniana
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 242– cuneifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. angustifolia Harv.
1405 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.22 m. Alt? WC, EC
cognata N.E.Br. = I. vicioides var. rogersii cuneifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. cuneifolia
I. florida E.Mey. (4)
collina Eckl. & Zeyh. = Indigastrum argyraeum
colutea (Burm.f.) Merr. var. colutea KZN, EC
Galega colutea Burm.f. (26)
I. consanguinea Klotzsch (23) cunenensis Torre
I. junodii N.E.Br. (23) Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? N
I. seticulosa Harv. (23)
I. viscosa Lam. (23) cylindrica DC. = I. frutescens
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.75 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, M cylindrica in sense of E.Mey., misapplied name = I.
jucunda
commiphoroides Chiov. = I. lupatana
cylindrica of author, not of DC., concept invalid = I.
commixta N.E.Br. ionii
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt ?–1220 m.
cytisoides (L.) L.
NW I. lotoides of author, not of Lam., also not of E.Mey., concept invalid (34)
comosa N.E.Br. I. mucronata Lam. (34)
I. malacostachys Benth. ex Harv. var. seminuda N.E.Br. (34) Psoralea cytisoides L. (34)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–6 m. Alt 10–2010 m. B, LIM, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 20–560 m. WC
NW, G, M, FS, NC daleoides Benth. ex Harv. var. daleoides
I. dodecaphylla Ficalho & Hiern (23)
compacta N.E.Br. = I. hilaris var. hilaris
complanata Spreng. = I. psoraloides LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC
complicata Eckl. & Zeyh. daleoides Benth. ex Harv. var. gossweileri Baker f.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 100–366 m. I. hololeuca Benth. ex Harv. var. angolensis Baker f. (23)
WC Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? N, B, NW
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Indigofera

damarana Merxm. & A.Schreib. dregeana E.Mey.

I. wilmaniae Baker f. ex J.B.Gillett (26) I. gerrardiana Harv. (34)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 885–1068 m. N, Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 458–1950
NC m. M, S, KZN
dealbata Harv. = I. nigromontana dumosa E.Mey. = I. denudata
declinata E.Mey. echinata Willd. = I. nummulariifolia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 610–1525 effusa E.Mey. = I. alternans var. alternans
m. WC
egens N.E.Br.
*decora Lindl. (insufficiently known) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt 1068–1525 m.
Ht? Alt? KZN LIM, NW, G, M
deflexa Hochst. ex A.Rich. = Indigastrum parviflorum elandsbergensis Phillipson
subsp. parviflorum var. parviflorum Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 1525–1640 m. EC
delagoaensis Baker f. ex J.B.Gillett elliptica E.Mey. = I. pauciflora
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 75–610 m. M, KZN endecaphylla Jacq. var. angustata Harv. = I. spicata var.
demissa Taub. spicata
I. bakeriana Vig. (23)
engleri Baker f. = Indigastrum argyroides
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? N
enneaphylla Eckl. & Zeyh., not of L. = I. alternans var.
densa N.E.Br. alternans
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1220–2050 m. M, S
enonensis E.Mey. = I. disticha
denudata L.f. enormis N.E.Br.
I. arthrophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. (34)
I. centrota Eckl. & Zeyh. (34) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 460–1433 m. LIM
I. denudata L.f. var. dumosa (E.Mey.) Harv. (34) erecta Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. = I. gracilis
I. denudata L.f. var. luxurians Harv. (34)
I. denudata L.f. var. simplicifolia Harv. (34) eriocarpa E.Mey.
I. dumosa E.Mey. (34) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.04–6.4 m. Alt 60–
I. flexuosa Eckl. & Zeyh. (34) 1068 m. KZN
I. kraussiana Meisn. (34)
I. rechodes Eckl. & Zeyh. (34) eriocarpa E.Mey. var. williamsonii Harv. = I. william-
I. rigescens E.Mey. var. inermis E.Mey. (34) sonii
I. rigescens E.Mey. var. spinosa E.Mey. (34)
evansiana Burtt Davy
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 5–915 m. EC I. pauxilla N.E.Br. (34)
denudata L.f. var. dumosa (E.Mey.) Harv. = I. denudata Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt 1586–2000 m. G, M,
denudata L.f. var. luxurians Harv. = I. denudata FS, KZN, EC
denudata L.f. var. simplicifolia Harv. = I. denudata evansii Schltr.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 1800–2300 m. KZN
depressa Harv.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 60–795 m. WC exigua Eckl. & Zeyh.
I. arenaria E.Mey. (34)
digitata Thunb. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.1 m. Alt 190–350 m. NC
WC falcata E.Mey. = I. sessilifolia
dillwynioides Benth. ex Harv. falcata E.Mey. var. glaberrima E.Mey. = I. sessilifolia
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 170–610 m. falcata E.Mey. var. pubescens E.Mey. = I. sessilifolia
WC fastigiata E.Mey. = Indigastrum fastigiatum
dimidiata Vogel ex Walp. fastigiata E.Mey. var. angustata Harv. = Indigastrum
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 370–2745 m. fastigiatum
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, EC ferruginea Schumach. & Thonn. = I. hirsuta var. hir-
dimorphophylla Schinz = I. trita subsp. subulata suta
discolor E.Mey. = I. procumbens filicaulis Eckl. & Zeyh.
disjuncta J.B.Gillett var. disjuncta = Microcharis dis- I. subtilis E.Mey. (4)
juncta var. disjuncta Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 30–1220 m.
WC
dissimilis N.E.Br. = I. vicioides var. rogersii
filifolia Ker Gawl. = I. filifolia
disticha Eckl. & Zeyh.
I. enonensis E.Mey. (34) filifolia Thunb.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt 15–1144 I. aphylla Breiter ex Link (34)
I. filifolia Ker Gawl. (34)
m. EC I. juncea DC. (34)
divaricata De Wild. = I. vicioides var. vicioides I. nuda (Sims) G.Don (34)
Lebeckia contaminata Ker Gawl., not of Thunb. (34)
dodecaphylla Ficalho & Hiern = I. daleoides var. dale- Lebeckia contaminata W.T.Aiton, not of Willd. (34)
oides Lebeckia nuda Sims (34)
dolichothyrsa Baker f. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–2 m. Alt 9–1250 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 400–490 m. N, LIM filiformis L.f.

I. candicans Sieber (4) gracilis Spreng.

I. filiformis L.f. var. adscendens Eckl. & Zeyh. (34) I. erecta Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. (34)
I. filiformis L.f. var. planifolia E.Mey. (34) I. setacea E.Mey. (34)
I. wynbergensis S.Moore (34) Lotus microphyllus Hook. (34)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 30–600 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 3–854
WC m. WC, EC
filiformis L.f. var. adscendens Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. fili- grata E.Mey.
formis Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.6 m. Alt ?–3 m. KZN
filiformis L.f. var. planifolia E.Mey. = I. filiformis griquana Schltr. ex Zahlbr. = I. longebarbata
filipes Benth. ex Harv. grisophylla Fourc.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt ?–763 m. EC
109–1585 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, NC
guerrana Torre = Indigastrum guerranum
flabellata Harv.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 80– guthriei Bolus
915 m. WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 395–915
m. WC
flavicans Baker
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.2 m. Alt 610–3000 m. N, B, hamulosa Schltr.
LIM, NW, FS, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 15–215 m.
WC
fleckii Baker f. = I. pechuelii
flexuosa Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. denudata hantamensis Diels
floribunda N.E.Br.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt 151–1370 m. M hedranophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. sessilifolia
florida E.Mey. = I. cuneifolia var. cuneifolia hedyantha Eckl. & Zeyh.
I. secunda E.Mey. (34)
foliosa E.Mey. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–5 m. Alt 15–2379 m. LIM,
I. alopecurus Schltr. (34)
I. vestita Harv. (34) NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.8–0.9 m. Alt 175–1983 hendecaphylla Jacq.
m. KZN, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 30–137 m. S, KZN
frondosa N.E.Br. *heterantha Wall. ex Brandis (insufficiently known) (39)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 1495–2135 m. NW, I. gerardiana Wall. ex Baker (34)
G, M, FS, KZN heterophylla Thunb.
frutescens L.f. I. adscendens Eckl. & Zeyh. (34)
I. cylindrica DC. (34) I. candicans E.Mey., not of Aiton (34)
I. heterophylla Thunb. var. tulbaghensis Baker f. (34)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 155–1220 m. WC, EC
fulcrata Harv. (insufficiently known) (6) 9–1650 m. NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? ‘CP’
heterophylla Thunb. var. montana Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. nigro-
fusca G.Don = I. hirsuta var. hirsuta montana
gairdnerae Hutch. ex Baker f.
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt? B heterophylla Thunb. var. tulbaghensis Baker f. = I. hetero-
phylla
galpinii N.E.Br.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 640–1420 m. LIM, M heterotricha DC.
I. rudis N.E.Br. (26)
garkeana of author, not of Vatke, concept invalid = I. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–1.5 m. Alt 230–
homblei subsp. homblei 2100 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC
gerardiana Wall. ex Baker = I. heterantha
heterotricha DC. var. ecklonii Harv. = I. poliotes
gerrardiana Harv. = I. dregeana
heterotricha Eckl. & Zeyh., not of DC. = I. poliotes
giessii A.Schreib.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt? N hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh. var. drakensbergensis Baker f. = I.
gifbergensis C.H.Stirt. & Jarvie hilaris var. hilaris
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 762–1200 m. WC hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh. var. hilaris
glabella Fourc. = I. verrucosa I. compacta N.E.Br. (34)
I. hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh. var. drakensbergensis Baker f. (34)
glaucescens Eckl. & Zeyh. I. hirta E.Mey. (34)
I. reflexa E.Mey. (34) I. leipzigiae Bremek. (34)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 15–305 m. I. patula Baker (23)
WC, EC I. similis N.E.Br. (23)
I. wentzeliana Harms (23)
glomerata E.Mey. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 45–2288 m. LIM,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.07–0.2 m. Alt 30–1466 NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
m. WC
hirsuta L. var. hirsuta
goniocarpa Baker f. = I. lupatana I. ferruginea Schumach. & Thonn. (23)
gonioides Hochst. ex Baker var. damarensis Baker f. = I. fusca G.Don (23)
Indigastrum costatum subsp. theuschii Annual. Herb. Ht 0.22–0.5 m. Alt? N, B, G, FS

hirsuta L. var. polystachya Welw. ex Baker = I. longe- Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.23–3 m. Alt 1220–
barbata 2200 m. KZN
hirta E.Mey. = I. hilaris var. hilaris langebergensis L.Bolus
hispida Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 275–500 m. WC
I. lotoides E.Mey., not of Lam. (34) lateritia Bertol. = I. stricta
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 46–793 m. WC, EC
laxeracemosa Baker f.
hochstetteri Baker subsp. streyana (Merxm.) A.Schreib. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 5–1525 m. LIM,
I. senegalensis of author, not of Lam., concept invalid (34) M, KZN
I. streyana Merxm. (26)
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt 1082–1475 m. N, B, leendertziae N.E.Br.
NW, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt? NW
hofmanniana Schinz leipzigiae Bremek. = I. hilaris var. hilaris
I. cryptantha in sense of A.Schreib., not of Benth. ex Harv., misap- lepida N.E.Br.
plied name (38)
I. suffruticosa in sense of J.B.Gillett, not of Mill., misapplied name (38) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt ?–915 m. M
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. leptocarpa Eckl. & Zeyh.
Alt? N, B Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht? Alt 100–824 m.
WC, EC
hololeuca Benth. ex Harv.
I. auricoma E.Mey. var. hololeuca (Benth. ex Harv.) J.B.Gillett (34) leptocaulis Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. angustifolia var. tenuifolia
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt 20–1006 m. N, NW, NC leptophylla E.Mey. = I. verrucosa
hololeuca Benth. ex Harv. var. angolensis Baker f. = I. limosa L.Bolus
daleoides var. gossweileri Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.03 m. Alt ?–1525 m. NC
holubii N.E.Br. lobata J.B.Gillett = Microcharis latifolia
longebarbata Engl.
LIM, NW, G, NC, WC I. griquana Schltr. ex Zahlbr. (23)
homblei Baker f. & Martin subsp. homblei I. hirsuta L. var. polystachya Welw. ex Baker (23)
I. garkeana of author, not of Vatke, concept invalid (34) I. schlechteri Baker f. (28)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–2 m. Alt 915–1675 m. LIM, M, Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 1311–
S 2255 m. M, S, FS, KZN, EC
humifusa Eckl. & Zeyh. longipes N.E.Br. = I. tenuissima
I. calva E.Mey. (34) longispina Baker f. ex J.B.Gillett = I. acanthoclada
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.6 m. Alt 336–1800 m. WC, lotoides E.Mey., not of Lam. = I. hispida
EC lotoides of author, not of Lam., also not of E.Mey., concept
hybrida N.E.Br. invalid = I. cytisoides
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt? M lupatana Baker f.
incana Thunb. I. commiphoroides Chiov. (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 30– I. goniocarpa Baker f. (23)
800 m. NC, WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 365–800 m. LIM, M
incana Thunb. var. angustistipulata Baker f. = I. tomen- lyalli Baker subsp. lyalli
I. obermeijerae Bremek. (23)
tosa
ingrata N.E.Br. LIM
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 610–795 m. LIM
lydenburgensis N.E.Br.
inhambanensis Klotzsch Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt 75–
I. polycarpa Benth. ex Harv. (28)
1464 m. M, S, KZN
N, B, LIM, M, KZN, EC macra E.Mey. = Indigastrum costatum subsp. macrum
inyangana N.E.Br. malacostachys Benth. ex Harv. = I. melanadenia
I. brevifolia N.E.Br. (34) malacostachys Benth. ex Harv. var. macrura Conrath ex
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt 1220–2100 m. M Baker f. = I. melanadenia
ionii Jarvie & C.H.Stirt. malacostachys Benth. ex Harv. var. seminuda N.E.Br. =
I. cylindrica of author, not of DC., concept invalid (34) I. comosa
maritima Baker
jucunda Schrire
I. cylindrica in sense of E.Mey., misapplied name (38) Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? N, NC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–7 m. Alt 8–3000 m. G, KZN, masonae N.E.Br.
EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 1068–1700 m. M
juncea DC. = I. filifolia mauritanica (L.) Thunb.
I. coriacea Aiton (39)
junodii N.E.Br. = I. colutea var. colutea I. coriacea Aiton var. cana Harv. (34)
I. coriacea Aiton var. major E.Mey. (34)
kraussiana Meisn. = I. denudata Lotus fruticosus P.J.Bergius (34)
krookii Schltr. ex Zahlbr. Lotus racemosus Poir. (34)
I. woodii Bolus var. parvifolia Bolus (34) Ononis mauritanica L. (34)

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt 10–1745 Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–1.5 m. Alt
m. WC 395–1680 m. FS, L, NC, WC, EC
mauritanica (L.) Thunb. var. erecta Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. nitida Salter = I. psoraloides
candolleana nivea Willd. ex Spreng. = Indigastrum argyraeum
mauritanica (L.) Thunb. var. minor E.Mey. = I. alope- notata N.E.Br. = I. stricta
curoides var. minor
nuda (Sims) G.Don = I. filifolia
mearnsii Standl. = I. swaziensis var. swaziensis
nudicaulis E.Mey.
melanadenia Benth. ex Harv. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.02–1.5 m. Alt ?–300 m. N, NC
I. malacostachys Benth. ex Harv. (34)
I. malacostachys Benth. ex Harv. var. macrura Conrath ex Baker f. (34) nummulariifolia Livera ex Alston
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1.8 m. Alt 230–2100 m. Acanthonotus echinatus (Willd.) Benth. (23)
Hedysarum nummulariifolium L. (26)
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC I. echinata Willd. (26)
merxmuelleri A.Schreib. Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt ?–485 m. B
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt? N obcordata Eckl. & Zeyh.
meyeriana Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1.4 m. Alt 400–610
I. bifrons E.Mey. var. trifoliata E.Mey. (34) m. WC
I. cardiophylla Harv. (34)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt obermeijerae Bremek. = I. lyalli subsp. lyalli
15–1720 m. NC, WC obscura N.E.Br.
I. stricta L.f. var. acuta Harv. (34)
micrantha E.Mey.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 1740–2000 m. G, M,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.5 m. Alt 23–519 m. KZN, EC
FS, KZN, EC
microcarpa Desv.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–1007 m. N oliveri Schweinf. ex Engl. = I. swaziensis var. swaziensis
microphylla Lam. = I. alopecuroides var. minor oliveri Schweinf. ex Harms = I. swaziensis var. swa-
ziensis
mimosoides Baker var. mimosoides
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? KZN ormocarpoides Baker
I. moniliformis Baker f. (23)
mischocarpa Schltr. I. torulosa Baker (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt up to 366 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt ?–915 m. LIM
mollicoma N.E.Br. oroboides E.Mey. = I. monostachya
I. nelsonii N.E.Br. (34)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.8 m. Alt 900–1525 m. B, ovata L.f.
I. sarmentosa L.f. var. latifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (34)
LIM, NW, M Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 60–1525 m. WC
mollis Eckl. & Zeyh.
I. mollis E.Mey. (34) ovina Harv.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.12 m. Alt 155–1900 m. WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–3 m. Alt 1068–1220 m. EC
mollis E.Mey. = I. mollis oxalidea Welw. ex Baker
I. supralevis N.E.Br. (23)
moniliformis Baker f. = I. ormocarpoides Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–2.3 m. Alt 152–1830 m.
monostachya Eckl. & Zeyh. LIM, NW, G, M, S
I. oroboides E.Mey. (34) oxytropis Benth. ex Harv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 854– Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 137–1830 m. B,
1738 m. WC, EC LIM, NW, G, M, KZN
mucronata Lam. = I. cytisoides pappei Fourc.
mundiana Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 245–1131
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–30 m. WC m. WC
nana Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. zeyheri parkeri Baker = I. spicata var. spicata
natalensis Bolus parviflora B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn. var. occidentalis
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 20–1525 J.B.Gillett = Indigastrum parviflorm subsp. occi-
m. KZN, EC dentalis
nebrowniana J.B.Gillett parviflora B.Heyne ex Wight & Arn. var. parviflora =
I. variabilis N.E.Br. in part (23) Indigastrum parviflorum subsp. parviflorum
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 915– var. parviflorum
1525 m. LIM, NW, G
patens Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. sessilifolia
neglecta N.E.Br.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–6 m. Alt 3–305 m. KZN patula Baker = I. hilaris var. hilaris
pauciflora Eckl. & Zeyh.
nelsonii N.E.Br. = I. mollicoma I. elliptica E.Mey. (34)
nigromontana Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt? EC
I. dealbata Harv. (34) pauciflora E.Mey., not of Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. stricta
I. heterophylla Thunb. var. montana Eckl. & Zeyh. (34)
I. spinescens E.Mey. (34) pauxilla N.E.Br. = I. evansiana

pearsonii Baker f. punctata Thunb. = I. verrucosa

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? N pungens E.Mey.
pechuelii Kuntze Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 91–
I. fleckii Baker f. (34) 793 m. N, NC
quinquefolia E.Mey.
1500 m. N, NC
perplexa N.E.Br. = I. swaziensis var. perplexa WC
placida N.E.Br. racemosa L.
Anila rupestris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kuntze var. glencoensis Kuntze (34) I. psoraloides of author, not of (L.) L., concept invalid (34)
I. rufescens E.Mey. (34) I. trifoliata L. (34)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 765–1295 m. M, Perennial. Shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.22–0.5 m. Alt 15–
KZN, EC 520 m. WC
platypoda E.Mey. radicifera Cronquist
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? B
podophylla Benth. ex Harv. rautanenii Baker f.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt up to 92 m. KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 590–1350 m. N
poliotes Eckl. & Zeyh. rechodes Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. denudata
I. adonensis E.Mey. (34)
I. heterotricha DC. var. ecklonii Harv. (34) reducta N.E.Br.
I. heterotricha Eckl. & Zeyh., not of DC. (34) I. atrinota N.E.Br. (34)
I. punctata Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. (34) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.03–1.2 m. Alt 305–2010
I. rupestris Eckl. & Zeyh. (34) m. LIM, WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 15–915 reflexa E.Mey. = I. glaucescens
m. WC, EC
rehmannii Baker f.
polycarpa Benth. ex Harv. = I. inhambanensis Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 1220–1525 m.
pongolana N.E.Br. LIM, KZN
Perennial. Shrub, herb, creeper. Ht 0.05–2 m. Alt 855– relaxata N.E.Br. = I. charlieriana var. scaberrima
1525 m. LIM, G
retroflexa Baill. = I. trita subsp. scabra
porrecta Eckl. & Zeyh. var. bicolor Harv.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? EC rhodantha Fourc.
porrecta Eckl. & Zeyh. var. porrecta
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 15–153 m. EC rhytidocarpa Benth. ex Harv. subsp. rhytidocarpa
praticola Baker f. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt ?–1065 m. B, G, NC
rigescens E.Mey. var. inermis E.Mey. = I. denudata
pretoriana Harms = I. confusa
rigescens E.Mey. var. spinosa E.Mey. = I. denudata
procumbens E.Mey. = I. procumbens
ripae N.E.Br.
procumbens L.
I. discolor E.Mey. (34)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–1400 m. NW, M,
I. procumbens E.Mey. (34) KZN
I. procumbens L. var. concolor Harv. (34) rogersii R.E.Fr. = I. vicioides var. rogersii
I. procumbens L. var. discolor (E.Mey.) Harv. (34)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 3–1525 rostrata Bolus
Anila zeyheri (Spreng.) Kuntze var. macrophylla Kuntze (34)
m. N, NC, EC
procumbens L. var. concolor Harv. = I. procumbens 2090 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
procumbens L. var. discolor (E.Mey.) Harv. = I. pro- rostrata Conrath = Indigastrum fastigiatum
cumbens rubroglandulosa Germish.
psammotropha Bolus = Cyamopsis serrata Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.3 m. Alt 180–763 m. M,
pseudoevansii Hilliard & B.L.Burtt KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN rudis N.E.Br. = I. heterotricha
pseudo-indigofera (Merxm.) J.B.Gillett = Microcharis rufescens E.Mey. = I. placida
galpinii rupestris Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. poliotes
psilocarpa Schltr. = I. sarmentosa sanguinea N.E.Br.
psoraloides (L.) L. Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt 290–2195 m. LIM,
Cytisus psoraloides L. (34) G, M, S, FS, KZN
I. complanata Spreng. (34) sarmentosa L.f.
I. nitida Salter (34) I. psilocarpa Schltr. (34)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.8 m. Alt 30–517 m. WC I. sarmentosa L.f. var. trifoliata E.Mey. (34)
Lotus filiformis P.J.Bergius (34)
psoraloides of author, not of (L.) L., concept invalid = I. Ononis filiformis L. (34)
racemosa Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 100–1500
punctata Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. = I. poliotes m. WC

sarmentosa L.f. var. latifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. ovata Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 0.6–1281
sarmentosa L.f. var. trifoliata E.Mey. = I. sarmentosa m. WC, EC
saxicola Engl. = Indigastrum argyroides stricta L.f. var. acuta Harv. = I. obscura
scaberrima Schinz = I. charlieriana var. scaberrima stricta L.f. var. pedunculata Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. zeyheri
scabra Roth = I. trita subsp. scabra strigosa Spreng. = I. angustifolia var. tenuifolia
schimperi Jaub. & Spach var. baukeana (Vatke) J.B.Gillett subcorymbosa Baker var. eylesii Baker f. = I. subco-
I. baukeana Vatke (26) rymbosa var. subcorymbosa
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–1.3 m. Alt 610–1850 m. N, LIM subcorymbosa Baker var. subcorymbosa
schimperi Jaub. & Spach var. schimperi I. subcorymbosa Baker var. eylesii Baker f. (38))
I. tettensis Klotzsch (26) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 462–946 m. LIM
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 30–1100 m. N, B, subincana N.E.Br. = I. trita subsp. subulata
LIM, NW, M, S, KZN subtilis E.Mey. = I. filicaulis
schinzii N.E.Br. subulata Vahl ex Poir. = I. trita subsp. subulata
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 120–3000 m. LIM, subulata Vahl ex Poir. var. scabra (Roth) Meikle = I. trita
M, S subsp. scabra
schlechteri Baker f. = I. longebarbata suffruticosa in sense of A.E.Gonç., not of Mill. = I. tinc-
scopa De Wild. & T.Durand = I. arrecta toria var. arcuata
secunda E.Mey. = I. hedyantha suffruticosa in sense of J.B.Gillett, not of Mill., misap-
semlikiensis Robyns & Boutique = I. vicioides var. plied name = I. hofmanniana
vicioides suffruticosa Mill.
I. anil L. (34)
senegalensis of author, not of Lam., concept invalid = I. Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? N, B
hochstetteri subsp. streyana
sulcata DC.
sessilifolia DC. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt 61–1220
I. falcata E.Mey. (23)
I. falcata E.Mey. var. glaberrima E.Mey. (34) m. EC
I. falcata E.Mey. var. pubescens E.Mey. (34) superba C.H.Stirt.
I. hedranophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. (34) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 100–366 m. WC
I. patens Eckl. & Zeyh. (26)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.9 m. Alt 230– supralevis N.E.Br. = I. oxalidea
2000 m. N, NW, FS, NC, EC swaziensis Bolus var. perplexa (N.E.Br.) J.B.Gillett
I. perplexa N.E.Br. (23)
setacea E.Mey. = I. gracilis Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2.4 m. Alt 457–1050 m.
seticulosa Harv. = I. colutea var. colutea LIM, M, S
seticulosa Harv. var. luxurians Bolus = I. setosa swaziensis Bolus var. swaziensis
setiflora Baker I. mearnsii Standl. (23)
I. accepta N.E.Br. (23) I. oliveri Schweinf. ex Engl. (23)
I. oliveri Schweinf. ex Harms (23)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 670–1500 m. LIM, G
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.02–2 m. Alt 1220–1525 m.
setosa N.E.Br. LIM, G, M, S, KZN
I. seticulosa Harv. var. luxurians Bolus (34)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht ?–0.45 m. Alt 305– teixeirae Torre
610 m. LIM, KZN Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–1 m. Alt 700–1068 m. N
setulosa Bertol. = I. verrucosa tenuicaulis Klotzsch = I. vicioides var. vicioides
tenuissima E.Mey.
similis N.E.Br. = I. hilaris var. hilaris Anila tenuifolia (Lam.) Kuntze var. filifolia Kuntze (34)
sordida Benth. ex Harv. I. longipes N.E.Br. (34)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 305–1650 m. N, B, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.7 m. Alt 2–1400 m. FS, KZN
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC tetragonoloba E.Mey. = I. trita subsp. subulata
spicata Forssk. var. spicata tettensis Klotzsch = I. schimperi var. schimperi
I. bolusii N.E.Br. (28)
I. endecaphylla Jacq. var. angustata Harv. (28)
thesioides Jarvie & C.H.Stirt.
I. parkeri Baker (23) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt up to 700 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, herb, creeper. Ht 0.02–1 m. Alt 1– tinctoria L. var. arcuata J.B.Gillett
1400 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC I. suffruticosa in sense of A.E.Gonç., not of Mill. (38)
spinescens E.Mey. = I. nigromontana Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 198–940 m. B, G, M, S
stenophylla Eckl. & Zeyh. = I. angustata tomentosa Eckl. & Zeyh.
I. incana Thunb. var. angustistipulata Baker f. (34)
stipularis Link = I. alpina Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 9–90 m. EC
streyana Merxm. = I. hochstetteri subsp. streyana torulosa Baker = I. ormocarpoides
stricta L.f. torulosa E.Mey. var. angustiloba (Baker f.) J.B.Gillett
I. lateritia Bertol. (34) I. angustiloba Baker f. (23)
I. notata N.E.Br. (34)
I. pauciflora E.Mey., not of Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 730–1678 m. LIM,
Tephrosia stricta (L.f.) Pers. (34) NW, G, M, EC

torulosa E.Mey. var. torulosa Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 15–
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 60–1370 m. N, B, 690 m. KZN, WC, EC
LIM, NW, M, FS, KZN, EC vestita Harv. = I. foliosa
transvaalensis Baker f. = I. vicioides var. vicioides vicioides Jaub. & Spach var. rogersii (R.E.Fr.) J.B.Gillett
trifoliata L. = I. racemosa I. cognata N.E.Br. (23)
I. dissimilis N.E.Br. (34)
trifolioides Baker f. I. rogersii R.E.Fr. (23)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 610–1678 m. KZN, EC I. varia E.Mey. (34)
trigonelloides Jaub. & Spach Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt 7–1594 m. LIM,
I. aeruginis Schweinf. (23) NW, M, S, KZN
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.18–0.25 m. Alt 1252–1460 m. N, B vicioides Jaub. & Spach var. vicioides
triquetra E.Mey. I. divaricata De Wild. (23)
I. semlikiensis Robyns & Boutique (23)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt ?–305 m. WC I. tenuicaulis Klotzsch (23)
tristis E.Mey. I. transvaalensis Baker f. (26)
I. corniculata E.Mey. (34) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 62–1670 m. N, B,
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.09–1.8 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, EC
Alt 30–2300 m. M, FS, KZN, WC, EC viminea E.Mey. = I. zeyheri
tristoides N.E.Br. viscosa Lam. = I. colutea var. colutea
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–2 m. Alt 155–1980 m. LIM, wentzeliana Harms = I. hilaris var. hilaris
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
williamsonii (Harv.) N.E.Br.
trita L.f. subsp. scabra (Roth) de Kort & G.Thijsse I. eriocarpa E.Mey. var. williamsonii Harv. (28)
I. coronilloides Jaub. & Spach (27) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt 6–763
I. retroflexa Baill. (27)
I. scabra Roth (27) m. KZN, EC
I. subulata Vahl ex Poir. var. scabra (Roth) Meikle (34) wilmaniae Baker f. ex J.B.Gillett = I. damarana
I. trita L.f. subsp. subulata (Vahl ex Poir.) Ali var. scabra (Roth) Ali (34) woodii Bolus var. intermedia Bolus = I. woodii var.
I. trita L.f. var. scabra (Vahl ex Poir.) Ali (34)
woodii
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 633–1123 m. LIM, M
woodii Bolus var. laxa Bolus
trita L.f. subsp. subulata (Vahl ex Poir.) Ali Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht? Alt up to 550 m. KZN
I. carinata De Wild. (23)
I. dimorphophylla Schinz (26) woodii Bolus var. parvifolia Bolus = I. krookii
I. subincana N.E.Br. (34)
I. subulata Vahl ex Poir. (26) woodii Bolus var. woodii
I. tetragonoloba E.Mey. (34) I. woodii Bolus var. intermedia Bolus (34)
I. trita L.f. subsp. subulata (Vahl ex Poir.) Ali var. subulata (34) Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 549–2044 m.
I. trita L.f. var. subulata (Vahl ex Poir.) Ali (34) KZN, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 5–1158 m. N, B, wynbergensis S.Moore = I. filiformis
zeyheri Spreng. ex Eckl. & Zeyh.
trita L.f. subsp. subulata (Vahl ex Poir.) Ali var. scabra Anila zeyheri (Spreng.) Kuntze var. normalis Kuntze (34)
(Roth) Ali = I. trita subsp. scabra I. acutisepala Conrath ex Baker f. (34)
I. cinerascens Eckl. & Zeyh. (34)
trita L.f. subsp. subulata (Vahl ex Poir.) Ali var. subula- I. nana Eckl. & Zeyh. (34)
ta = I. trita subsp. subulata I. stricta L.f. var. pedunculata Eckl. & Zeyh. (34)
trita L.f. var. scabra (Vahl ex Poir.) Ali = I. trita subsp. I. viminea E.Mey. (34)
scabra Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 24–
1693 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, EC
trita L.f. var. subulata (Vahl ex Poir.) Ali = I. trita subsp.
subulata zeyheri Spreng. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. var. leptophylla (E.Mey.)
Harv. = I. verrucosa
umbonata Welw. ex Baker = I. arrecta
zeyheri Spreng. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. var. trifoliolata Eckl.
varia E.Mey. = I. vicioides var. rogersii & Zeyh. = I. angustata
variabilis N.E.Br. in part = I. bainesii
variabilis N.E.Br. in part = I. nebrowniana INGA Scop. 3436000
velutina E.Mey. fastigiata (E.Mey.) Oliv. = Albizia adianthifolia var.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt 90–1664 m. LIM, adianthifolia
M, S, KZN, EC mellifera (Vahl) Willd. = Acacia mellifera subsp. mel-
venusta Eckl. & Zeyh. lifera
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 305–780 m. NC, sericocephala A.Rich. = Albizia amara subsp. serico-
WC cephala
verrucosa Eckl. & Zeyh.
I. angustifolia Curtis, not of L. (34) INGENHOUSSIA E.Mey. 3644030
I. glabella Fourc. (34)
I. leptophylla E.Mey. (34) micrantha E.Mey. = Amphithalea micrantha
I. punctata Thunb. (34) rosea E.Mey. = Amphithalea perplexa
I. setulosa Bertol. (34)
I. zeyheri Spreng. ex Eckl. & Zeyh. var. leptophylla (E.Mey.) Harv. (34) rugosa E.Mey. = Amphithalea ciliaris

tortilis E.Mey. = Amphithalea tortilis acanthoclada Dinter

L. spathulifolia Dinter (2)
violacea E.Mey. = Amphithalea violacea
INTSIA Thouars 3510000 m. N, NC
quanzensis (Welw.) Kuntze = Afzelia quanzensis angustifolia E.Mey. = L. multiflora
armata E.Mey. = L. spinescens
JACKSONAGO Kuntze 3661010
armata Thunb. = Wiborgia mucronata
armata (Thunb.) Kuntze = Wiborgia mucronata
bowieana Benth.
cuspidata (E.Mey.) Kuntze = Wiborgia incurvata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt? NC
flexuosa (E.Mey.) Kuntze = Wiborgia fusca subsp. fusca
candicans Dinter = L. dinteri
fusca (Thunb.) Kuntze = Wiborgia fusca subsp. fusca
canescens E.Mey. = L. multiflora
obcordata (P.J.Bergius) Kuntze = Wiborgia obcordata
sericea (Thunb.) Kuntze = Wiborgia sericea carnosa (E.Mey.) Druce
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt
tetraptera (E.Mey.) Kuntze = Wiborgia tetraptera 30–1465 m. NC, WC
JULBERNARDIA Pellegr. 3516020 cinerea E.Mey.
340 m. N, NC, WC
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 43–45.
contaminata Ker Gawl., not of Thunb. = Indigofera fili-
globiflora (Benth.) Troupin
folia
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 10–15 m. Alt? B
contaminata (L.) Thunb.
KOTSCHYA Endl. 3796010 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–45 m. WC
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo contaminata W.T.Aiton, not of Willd. = Indigofera fili-
(1) Wild. 1964. Kirkia 4: 159. folia
(2) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24,1: 17–39. cytisoides Thunb.
parvifolia (Burtt Davy) Verdc. Crotalaria pulchella Andrews (1)
Smithia parvifolia Burtt Davy (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 45–915 m. NC, WC
Smithia thymodora Baker f. (2)
decipiens E.Mey. = L. sericea
1220–1920 m. LIM, M, S decutiens E.Mey. = L. multiflora
thymodora (Baker f.) Wild subsp. thymodora dinteri Harms
L. candicans Dinter (2)
LIM, M Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.3 m. Alt ?–1300 m. N
fasciculata Benth.
LABLAB Adans. 3909000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt? WC
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo flexuosa E.Mey. = L. sericea
(1) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24,3: 409–411. grandiflora Benth.
niger Medik. = L. purpureus subsp. purpureus Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ?–1350 m. NC, WC
*purpureus (L.) Sweet subsp. purpureus halenbergensis Merxm. & A.Schreib.
Dolichos lablab L. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 360–760 m. N, NC
Dolichos purpureus L. (1)
L. niger Medik. (1) humilis Thunb. = Wiborgia humilis
L. vulgaris Savi (1) inflata Bolus
Perennial. Climber. Ht ?–5 m. Alt ?–1067 m. N, B, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 41–793 m. WC
WC, EC
leipoldtiana Schltr. ex R.Dahlgren
purpureus (L.) Sweet subsp. uncinatus Verdc. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 619–800 m. NC,
Dolichos uncinatus Schweinf. (1)
L. uncinatus A.Rich. (1) WC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.2–2.2 m. Alt 10–2000 leptophylla Benth.
m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.25 m. Alt? WC
uncinatus A.Rich. = L. purpureus subsp. uncinatus leucoclada Schltr. = Lotononis densa subsp. leucoclada
vulgaris Savi = L. purpureus subsp. purpureus linearifolia E.Mey.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 400–1370 m. N,
LATHRIOGYNA Eckl. & Zeyh. 3645000 NC, WC
candicans Eckl. & Zeyh. = Amphithalea imbricata linearis (Burm.f.) DC. = Aspalathus linearis
parvifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = Amphithalea tomentosa longipes Bolus
LEBECKIA Thunb. 3660000
lotonoides Schltr.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 5–460 m. NC, WC
(1) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 82–89.
(2) Merxmüller. 1970. FSWA 60: 64–68. macowanii Salter
(3) Dahlgren. 1975. Opera Botanica 38: 70–81. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Ingenhoussia

macrantha Harv. platycarpa Viv. = Lotononis platycarpa

B, NC, EC *LESPEDEZA Michx. 3820000
melilotoides R.Dahlgren Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt ?–610 m. NC, (1) Schrire. 1988. Bothalia 18: 19, 20.
WC (2) Cullen. 1995. European garden flora 4,2: 494, 495.
meyeriana Eckl. & Zeyh. cuneata (Dum.Cours.) G.Don
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 20–488 m. WC L. sericea (Thunb.) Miqs. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.8–1 m. Alt ?–763
microphylla E.Mey. = Lotononis caerulescens
m. M, KZN
mucronata Benth.
sericea (Thunb.) Miq. = L. cuneata
FS, WC, EC
multiflora E.Mey. LESSERTIA DC. 3756000
L. angustifolia E.Mey. (1) Compiled by T. Nkonki
L. canescens E.Mey. (1) (1) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 213–224.
L. decutiens E.Mey. (1) (2) Bolus. 1915. Annals of Bolus Herbarium 1,3: 87–96.
L. parvifolia (Schinz) Harms (2) (3) Dinter. 1932. Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegitabilis
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–2 m. Alt 4–880 30: 201, 202.
m. N, NC, EC (4) Schreiber. 1970. FSWA 60: 68–72.
(5) Germishuizen. 1992. Bothalia 22: 189, 190.
nuda Sims = Indigofera filifolia (6) Balkwill & Balkwill. 1999. South African Journal of Botany 65:
obovata Schinz 339–356.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.5 m. Alt? N acanthorhachis (Dinter) Dinter
parvifolia (Schinz) Harms = L. multiflora Indigofera acanthorhachis Dinter (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ?–150 m. N
pauciflora Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–0.6 m. Alt 122–2000 m. WC acuminata E.Mey. = L. physodes
plukenetiana E.Mey. affinis Burtt Davy
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 15–500 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 641–1760 m. M, FS
psiloloba Walp. annularis Burch.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 30–900 Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 650–
m. WC, EC 1373 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC
pungens Thunb. argentea Harv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.2–1.6 m. Alt 793–884 m. WC L. villosa E.Mey. (1)
sepiaria Benth. = L. simsiana
sepiaria Thunb. astragalina Pappe = L. pappeana
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 210–700 m. WC, benguellensis Baker f.
EC L. emarginata Schinz (4)
L. emarginata Schinz var. angustifolia A.Schreib. (4)
sericea Thunb. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1128–
L. decipiens E.Mey. (1)
L. flexuosa E.Mey. (1) 1800 m. N, B, NC, WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 5– brachypus Harv.
1200 m. NC, WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–3 m. Alt 250–
sessilifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. 900 m. N, NC
Acanthobotrya sessilifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (3) brachystachya DC.
Wiborgia grandiflora E.Mey. (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 3–549 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 60–300 m. WC KZN, WC, EC
simsiana Eckl. & Zeyh. candida E.Mey.
L. sepiaria Benth. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt ?–10 m. N, NC
WC capensis (P.J.Bergius) Druce
spathulifolia Dinter = L. acanthoclada
m. WC
spinescens Harv.
L. armata E.Mey. (1) capitata E.Mey.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1.5 m. Alt 5–1100 m. N, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.25 m. Alt 15–702 m. FS,
NC, WC NC, WC
waltersii C.H.Stirt. = Polhillia obsoleta carnosa Eckl. & Zeyh.
wrightii (Harv.) Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt? EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 185–853 m. WC contracta M.Balkwill
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–100 m. KZN
LEOBORDEA Delile 3657050 cryptantha Dinter
abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. = Lotononis platycarpa Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? N
FABACEAE Lebeckia DICOTYLEDONS

depressa Harv. mossii R.G.N.Young

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.08–0.6 m. Alt 1205– Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? G
1586 m. NW, M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC muricata Salter
diffusa R.Br. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.45 m. Alt 122–1140 m. N, pappeana Harv.
NC, WC L. astragalina Pappe (1)
dykei L.Bolus Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt ?–763 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1.2 m. Alt 2440–3203 m. FS parviflora Harv.
emarginata Schinz = L. benguellensis Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–305 m. WC
emarginata Schinz var. angustifolia A.Schreib. = L. pauciflora Harv. var. pauciflora
benguellensis Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, NW,
eremicola Dinter FS, NC, WC, EC
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? N pauciflora Harv. var. schlechteri L.Bolus
L. schlechteri L.Bolus (2)
excisa DC.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt ?–153 m. NC, WC Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 372–1373 m. WC
falciformis DC. perennans (Jacq.) DC. var. perennans
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? N, B, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.6–1.6 m. Alt 366–
2325 m. LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
flanaganii L.Bolus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.8–1 m. Alt ?–610 m. EC perennans (Jacq.) DC. var. polystachya (Harv.)
L.Bolus
flexuosa E.Mey. L. polystachya Harv. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2 m. Alt 1159–1450 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 1220–
fruticosa Lindl. 2440 m. NW, G, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 458–976 m. perennans (Jacq.) DC. var. sericea L.Bolus
NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 1800–2074
glabricaulis L.Bolus m. M, FS, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt? L phillipsiana Burtt Davy
globosa L.Bolus Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–1693 m. NW, G
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–92 m. WC physodes Eckl. & Zeyh.
harveyana L.Bolus L. acuminata E.Mey. (1)
L. tumida Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 5–2227 m. KZN, EC
herbacea (L.) Druce EC
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–1 m. Alt 30–
961 m. L, WC polystachya Harv. = L. perennans var. polystachya
incana Schinz prostata DC.
Colutea prostrata Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.02–0.7 m. Alt? N, NC Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 650–1403 m. B, LIM, G, FS, EC
inflata Harv. rigida E.Mey.
L. versicaria E.Mey. (1)
EC schlechteri L.Bolus = L. pauciflora var. schlechteri
ingeliensis M.Balkwill sneeuwbergensis Germish.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt 1800– Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.2 m. Alt 1678–1982 m. EC
1983 m. KZN spinescens E.Mey.
kensitii L.Bolus Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–8 m. Alt 610–
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt ± 6 m. EC 1200 m. NC
lanata Harv. stenoloba E.Mey.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.6 m. Alt ?–580 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 15–610 m. WC, EC
macroflora M.Balkwill stipulata Baker f.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 250–366 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? FS
KZN stipulata Baker = Astragalus atropilosulus subsp.
macrostachya DC. var. macrostachya burkeanus var. burkeanus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.01–0.8 m. Alt ?– stricta L.Bolus
1037 m. N, B, NC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1678–2005 m. LIM,
margaritacea E.Mey. NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1 m. Alt 120–610 m. WC tenuifolia E.Mey.
microcarpa E.Mey. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ?–1403 m. FS, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–1220 m. NC thodei L.Bolus
miniata Salter Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 2135–3279 m. M,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 3–198 m. WC FS, KZN, L
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Lessertia

tomentosa DC. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2.5–4 m. Alt 1220–1660 m. WC

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt ?–15 m. WC graminifolia L.
tumida Eckl. & Zeyh. = L. physodes Borbonia graminifolia (L.) Lam. (11)
Priestleya graminifolia (L.) DC. (11)
versicaria E.Mey. = L. inflata Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt? WC
villosa E.Mey. = L. argentea hirsuta Thunb.
Borbonia hirsuta (Thunb.) Poir. (11)
*LEUCAENA Benth. 3447000 Priestleya hirsuta (Thunb.) DC. (11)
Compiled by T. Nkonki Priestleya hirsuta (Thunb.) DC. var. subenervia Meisn. (11)
(1) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 115. Priestleya hirsuta (Thunb.) DC. var. trinervia Meisn. (11)
(2) Pedroche. 1987. Phytologia 63: 304–306. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–3 m. Alt 30–1066 m. NC,
(3) Henderson. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: 225. WC, EC
glauca Benth. = L. leucocephala laevigata (L.) Thunb.
Borbonia laevigata L. (11)
latisiliqua (L.) Gillis L. umbellata L., illegitimate name (11)
Perennial. Tree. Ht ?–2.4 m. Alt? FS L. villosa Thunb. (11)
leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit Priestleya laevigata (L.) DC. (11)
L. glauca Benth. (3) Priestleya thunbergii Benth., illegitimate name (11)
Mimosa leucocephala Lam. (1) Priestleya thunbergii Benth. var. villosa Harv., illegitimate name
(11)
M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt 366–1300 m. WC
latifolia (Benth.) A.L.Schutte
LIPARIA L. 3642000 Priestleya latifolia Benth. (11)
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 666–1400 m. WC
(1) Linnaeus. 1771. Mantissa plantarum 2: 268. myrtifolia Thunb.
(2) Thunberg. 1800. Prodromus plantarum capensium 2: 123. Borbonia myrtifolia (Thunb.) Poir. (11)
(3) Ecklon & Zeyher. 1836. Enumeratio plantarum: 164. Priestleya leiocarpa Eckl. & Zeyh. (11)
(4) Walpers. 1839. Linnaea 13: 449–543. Priestleya myrtifolia DC. (11)
(5) Hooker. 1843. Journal of Botany 2: 441–444. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 300–1525 m. WC
(6) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 14–20.
(7) Bos & De Wit. 1967. Journal of South African Botany 33: 269–292. parva Vogel ex Walp.
(8) Schutte & Van Wyk. 1993. Taxon 42: 47. L. crassinervia Meisn. (7)
(9) Schutte & Van Wyk. 1994. Taxon 43: 573–582. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–2 m. Alt 25–1525 m.
(10) Schutte. 1995. Nordic Journal of Botany 15,2: 149–156. WC
(11) Schutte. 1997. Nordic Journal of Botany. 17,1: 11–37.
parva Vogel ex Walp. var. angustifolia Benth. ex Hook.
angustifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) A.L.Schutte = L. splendens subsp. comantha
Achyronia villosa J.C.Wendl., not of L., also not of Thunb. (11)
Borbonia villosa Thunb. (11) racemosa A.L.Schutte
Priestleya angustifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (11) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 3–4 m. Alt 1464–1600 m. WC
Priestleya villosa (Thunb.) Druce (11)
rafnioides A.L.Schutte
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–4 m. Alt 500–1600 m. WC
bonaespei A.L.Schutte sphaerica L. = L. splendens subsp. splendens
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–3 m. Alt ?–1400 m. WC
splendens (Burm.f.) Bos & de Wit subsp. comantha
boucheri (E.G.H.Oliv. & Fellingham) A.L.Schutte (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Bos & de Wit
Priestleya boucheri E.G.H.Oliv. & Fellingham (11) L. burchellii Benth. (7)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt 1120–1130 m. WC L. comantha Eckl. & Zeyh. (7)
burchellii Benth. = L. splendens subsp. comantha L. parva Vogel ex Walp. var. angustifolia Benth. ex Hook. (11)
calycina (L.Bolus) A.L.Schutte
Priestleya calycina L.Bolus (11) splendens (Burm.f.) Bos & de Wit subsp. splendens
Borbonia sphaerica (L.) Lam. (11)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 300–980 m. WC Leucadendron splendens Burm.f. (7)
capitata Thunb. L. sphaerica L. (7)
Borbonia capitata (Thunb.) Poir. (11) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 100–1000 m. WC
Priestleya capitata (Thunb.) DC. (11)
Priestleya capitata (Thunb.) DC. var. pilosa (E.Mey.) Harv. (11) striata A.L.Schutte
Priestleya laevigata (L.) DC. var. glabra E.Mey. (11) Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt ?–200 m. WC
Priestleya laevigata (L.) DC. var. pilosa E.Mey. excl. syn. (11)
tecta Thunb. = Xiphotheca tecta
teres Thunb. = L. genistoides
comantha Eckl. & Zeyh. = L. splendens subsp. comantha
confusa A.L.Schutte tomentosa Thunb. = Amphithalea tomentosa
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–1250 m. WC umbellata L., illegitimate name = L. laevigata
congesta A.L.Schutte umbellifera Thunb.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 1600–1800 m. WC Borbonia umbellifera (Thunb.) Poir. (11)
Crotalaria capitata Lam., not of Thunb. (1800), also not of (Lam.)
crassinervia Meisn. = L. parva DC. (1825) (11)
genistoides (Lam.) A.L.Schutte Priestleya cephalotes E.Mey. (11)
Crotalaria genistoides Lam. (11) Priestleya cephalotes E.Mey. var. angustifolia E.Mey. (11)
L. teres Thunb. (15) Priestleya umbellifera (Thunb.) DC. (11)
Priestleya teres (Thunb.) DC. (11) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 1000–2000 m. WC
FABACEAE Lessertia DICOTYLEDONS

vestita Thunb. acutiflora Benth.

Borbonia tomentosa L. (11) Crotalaria quinata (Thunb.) E.Mey. (13)
Borbonia vestita Thunb. (11) Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? NC
Priestleya tomentosa (L.) Druce (11)
Priestleya vestita (Thunb.) DC. (8) adpressa N.E.Br. subsp. adpressa
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 100–1067 m. WC L. sericoflora Dummer (13)
villosa Thunb. = L. laevigata 1373–1678 m. LIM, G, M, FS, L
LIPOZYGIS E.Mey. 3657060 adpressa N.E.Br. subsp. leptantha B.-E.van Wyk
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–1739 m. G
calycina E.Mey. = Lotononis calycina
alpina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) B.-E.van Wyk subsp. alpina
falcata E.Mey. = Lotononis falcata Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.5 m. Alt? EC
umbellata E.Mey. = Lotononis umbellata alpina (Eckl. & Zeyh.) B.-E.van Wyk subsp. multiflora
(Eckl. & Zeyh.) B.-E.van Wyk
LISTIA E.Mey. 3658000 Buchenroedera gracilis Eckl. & Zeyh. (13)
Buchenroedera multiflora Eckl. & Zeyh. (13)
heterophylla E.Mey. = Lotononis listii
LOCELLARIA Welw. 3528050 KZN, WC, EC
amajubica (Burtt Davy) B.-E.van Wyk
bauhinioides Welw. = Piliostigma thonningii Buchenroedera amajubica Burtt Davy (13)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 763–1830 m. M,
LODDIGESIA Sims 3684000 KZN, EC
oxalidifolia Sims = Hypocalyptus oxalidifolius angustifolia Steud. = L. fastigiata
LOETHAINIA Heynh. 3661020 anthylloides Harv. = L. anthyllopsis
anthyllopsis B.-E.van Wyk
obcordata (P.J.Bergius) Heynh. = Wiborgia obcordata L. anthylloides Harv. (13)
sericea (Thunb.) Heynh. = Wiborgia sericea Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–850 m. NC, WC
arenicola Schltr.
LONCHOCARPUS Kunth 3834000 Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? NC
bussei Harms = Philenoptera bussei argentea Eckl. & Zeyh.
capassa Rolfe = Philenoptera violacea Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht ?–0.15 m. Alt? WC
fischeri Harms = Philenoptera bussei arida Dummer
L. myriantha Baker f. ex Gibbs Russ et al., naked name (13)
menyhartii Schinz = Philenoptera bussei
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 1360–1678 m. G, EC
nelsii (Schinz) Schinz ex Heering & Grimme = Phile-
aristata Schinz = Pearsonia aristata
noptera nelsii
azurea (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth.
violaceus (Klotzsch) Oliv. = Philenoptera violacea Crotalaria azurea Eckl. & Zeyh. (3)
zimmermannii Harms = Craibia zimmermannii L. azurea (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. var. lanceolata Harv. (13)
Ononis villosa Thunb. (13)
LOTONONIS (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh. 3657000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 60–1160
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo m. WC, EC
(1) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 47–55. azurea (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. var. lanceolata Harv. =
(2) Bolus. 1906. Transactions of the South African Philosophical L. azurea
Society 16: 381.
(3) Dummer. 1913. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa azureoides B.-E.van Wyk
3: 275–287. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt? WC
(4) Phillips. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: t. 883. bachmanniana Dummer
(5) Dahlgren. 1964. Botaniska Notiser 117,4: 371–388.
(6) Merxmüller. 1970. FSWA 60: 76–85. Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt 15–450 m. KZN, EC
(7) Heywood. 1976. Botanical Systematics 1: 146, 324. bainesii Baker
(8) Hilliard & Burtt. 1986. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Amphinomia bainesii (Baker) A.Schreib. (6)
Edinburgh 43,2: 210. Perennial. Herb, climber, creeper. Ht 0.12–6 m. Alt
(9) Van Wyk. 1987. South African Journal of Botany 53: 161–165,
395–397. 945–2100 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, NC
(10) Van Wyk. 1988. Bothalia 18: 31–36. barberae Dummer = L. marlothii
(11) Van Wyk. 1989. Bothalia 19: 1–8, 32–34.
(12) Van Wyk. 1990. Bothalia 20: 1–7, 9–22, 75–80. basutica E.Phillips = L. macrosepala
(13) Van Wyk. 1991. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium 14: 1–285. benthamiana Dummer
acocksii B.-E.van Wyk Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht? Alt 349–1882 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ?–290 m. WC NC
acuminata Eckl. & Zeyh. biflora (Bolus) Dummer = L. eriocarpa
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt bolusii Dummer
30–1654 m. WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.15 m. Alt 105–1275 m. WC
acuticarpa B.-E.van Wyk brachyantha Harms
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.1 m. Alt? M Amphinomia brachyantha (Harms) A.Schreib. (6)
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Liparia

Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt 1250–1524 m. N, B, curtii Harms

NW, FS Amphinomia curtii (Harms) A.Schreib. (6)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.02 m. Alt 800–
brachyloba (E.Mey.) Benth. = L. parviflora
1465 m. N, B, LIM, NW, NC, WC, EC
bracteata Benth. = Pearsonia bracteata
cytisoides (E.Mey.) Benth. var. brevifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.
bracteosa B.-E.van Wyk ex Drège = L. stricta
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? N
cytisoides (E.Mey.) Benth. var. cytisoides = L. stricta
brevicaulis B.-E.van Wyk
cytisoides (E.Mey.) Benth. var. sericea Dummer = L.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
eriocarpa
brierleyae Baker f. = L. divaricata dahlgrenii B.-E.van Wyk
burchellii Benth. Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.2 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–1068 m. NW, FS, NC debilis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. = L. umbellata
caerulescens (E.Mey.) B.-E.van Wyk decumbens (Thunb.) B.-E.van Wyk subsp. decumbens
Aspalathus caerulescens E.Mey. (13) L. humifusa Burch. ex Benth. (13)
Buchenroedera glabriflora N.E.Br. (13) L. versicolor Benth. (13)
Lebeckia microphylla E.Mey. (13)
WC, EC
1678 m. WC, EC
decumbens (Thunb.) B.-E.van Wyk subsp. rehmannii
calycina (E.Mey.) Benth.
Lipozygis calycina E.Mey. (3) (Dummer) B.-E.van Wyk
L. calycina (E.Mey.) Benth. var. acuta Dummer (13) L. rehmannii Dummer (13)
L. calycina (E.Mey.) Benth. var. hirsutissima Dummer (13) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt? LIM, FS, L
L. orthorrhiza Conrath (13)
L. tenella Harv. var. hirsutissima Harv. (3)
delicatula Bolus ex De Wild. = L. quinata
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.3 m. Alt 458–1730 m. N, densa (Thunb.) Harv. subsp. congesta B.-E.van Wyk
LIM, NW, G, M, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
calycina (E.Mey.) Benth. var. acuta Dummer = L. calycina densa (Thunb.) Harv. subsp. densa
L. gracilis (E.Mey.) Benth. var. brevipetiolata Dummer (13)
calycina (E.Mey.) Benth. var. hirsutissima Dummer = Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
L. calycina
densa (Thunb.) Harv. subsp. gracilis (E.Mey.) B.-E.van
carinata (E.Mey.) Benth. Wyk
L. florifera Dummer (13) L. gracilis (E.Mey.) Benth. var. gracilis (13)
L. pauciflora Dummer (13)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 30–1647 m. LIM, M,
WC
S, KZN
densa (Thunb.) Harv. subsp. leucoclada (Schltr.) B.-
carnea B.-E.van Wyk
E.van Wyk
Annual. Herb, creeper. Ht? Alt? NC Lebeckia leucoclada Schltr. (1)
carnosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. subsp. carnosa L. leucoclada (Schltr.) Dummer (13)
Buchenroedera pauciflora Schltr. (13) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 120–122 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 1342– depressa Eckl. & Zeyh. = L. pungens
1830 m. EC
desertorum Dummer = Rothia hirsuta
carnosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. subsp. condensata
(Harv.) B.-E.van Wyk dichiloides Sond.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–1525 m. EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt 122–1220 m. KZN
carnosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. subsp. latifolia B.- dieterlenii E.Phillips = L. lotononoides
E.van Wyk difformis B.-E.van Wyk
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 854– Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt? M
915 m. EC digitata Harv.
clandestina (E.Mey.) Benth. = L. platycarpa Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 366–700 m. NC, WC
clandestina (E.Mey.) Benth. var. steingroeveriana dinteri Schinz = L. platycarpa
Schinz = L. platycarpa dissitinodis B.-E.van Wyk
complanata B.-E.van Wyk Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 700–900 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.1 m. Alt? WC divaricata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth.
comptonii B.-E.van Wyk L. brierleyae Baker f. (13)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 1372–2745 m. FS,
EC
corymbosa (E.Mey.) Benth.
L. eriantha Benth. var. obovata Scott-Elliot (13) elongata (Thunb.) D.Dietr.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.9 m. Alt 549– Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt ?–1647 m.
1830 m. LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, EC WC, EC
crumanina Burch. ex Benth. eriantha Benth.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 700–1190 m. N, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–2.3 m. Alt 50–2520 m. LIM,
B, NW, FS, NC NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
FABACEAE Lotononis DICOTYLEDONS

eriantha Benth. var. obovata Scott-Elliot = L. corym- harveyi B.-E.van Wyk

bosa Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? EC
eriocarpa (E.Mey.) B.-E.van Wyk hirsuta (Thunb.) D.Dietr.
Buchenroedera biflora Bolus (13) Crotalaria serpens E.Mey. (5)
L. biflora (Bolus) Dummer (13) L. serpens (E.Mey.) R.Dahlgren (13)
L. cytisoides (E.Mey.) Benth. var. sericea Dummer (13) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 15–1159 m. NC,
L. wyliei J.M.Wood (8) WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–2 m. Alt 240–1967 m. KZN,
EC hirsuta Schinz = L. wilmsii
esterhuyseniana B.-E.van Wyk holosericea (E.Mey.) B.-E.van Wyk
Buchenroedera holosericea (E.Mey.) Benth. (13)
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 1647–1769 m. EC
exstipulata L.Bolus humifusa Burch. ex Benth. = L. decumbens subsp. de-
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.1 m. Alt? WC cumbens
falcata (E.Mey.) Benth.
Lipozygis falcata E.Mey. (3) humilior Dummer = L. macrosepala
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 90–1500 m. N, NC, involucrata (P.J.Bergius) Benth. subsp. bracteata B.-
WC E.van Wyk
fastigiata (E.Mey.) B.-E.van Wyk Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.35 m. Alt? WC
L. angustifolia Steud. (13) involucrata (P.J.Bergius) Benth. subsp. digitata B.-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 30–244 m. E.van Wyk
WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
filifolia Bolus = Pearsonia sessilifolia subsp. filifolia involucrata (P.J.Bergius) Benth. subsp. involucrata
Ononis involucrata P.J.Bergius (13)
filiformis B.-E.van Wyk
involucrata (P.J.Bergius) Benth. subsp. peduncularis
florifera Dummer = L. carinata
(E.Mey.) B.-E.van Wyk
foliosa Bolus L. peduncularis (E.Mey.) Benth. (13)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–2 m. Alt 610–2500 m. NW, Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 6–305 m.
G, M, S, FS, KZN WC
fruticoides B.-E.van Wyk jacottetii (Schinz) B.-E.van Wyk
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt? EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 1830–2010 m.
furcata (Merxm. & A.Schreib.) A.Schreib. KZN, L, EC
Amphinomia furcata Merxm. & A.Schreib. (6) lamprifolia B.-E.van Wyk
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? N, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt? WC
galpinii Dummer lanceolata (E.Mey.) Benth.
Buchenroedera sparsiflora J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans (13) Aspalathus lanceolata Benth. (3)
L. galpinii Dummer var. prostrata Dummer (13) Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt 1662–2500 m. LIM,
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.8 m. Alt NW, M, FS, KZN, L
1647–3447 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
laticeps B.-E.van Wyk
galpinii Dummer var. prostrata Dummer = L. galpinii Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC
glabra (Thunb.) D.Dietr. laxa Eckl. & Zeyh.
Crotalaria trichopoda E.Mey. (13) L. laxa Eckl. & Zeyh. var. multiflora Dummer (13)
L. trichopoda Benth. (13) L. schlechteri Schinz (13)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 15–915 m. WC, L. woodii Bolus (13)
EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–4 m. Alt 610–2200 m. LIM,
glabrescens (Dummer) B.-E.van Wyk NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
Buchenroedera glabrescens Dummer (13) laxa Eckl. & Zeyh. var. multiflora Dummer = L. laxa
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt ?–1525 m. KZN
lenticula (E.Mey.) Benth.
globulosa B.-E.van Wyk Crotalaria lenticula E.Mey. (13)
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 137–1388 m. FS,
gracilifolia B.-E.van Wyk NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.15 m. Alt? WC leptoloba Bolus
gracilis (E.Mey.) Benth. var. brevipetiolata Dummer = Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.3 m. Alt 183–1007 m. N, NC
L. densa subsp. densa leucoclada (Schltr.) Dummer = L. densa subsp. leuco-
gracilis (E.Mey.) Benth. var. gracilis = L. densa subsp. clada
gracilis linearifolia B.-E.van Wyk
grandifolia Bolus = Pearsonia grandifolia subsp. Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.1 m. Alt? N, NC
grandifolia listii Polhill
grandis Dummer & Jenn. Listia heterophylla E.Mey. (7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 534–1037 m. Perennial. Herb, creeper. Ht 0.05–0.6 m. Alt 30–1708
KZN m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Lotononis

listoides Dinter & Harms = L. marlothii omahekensis Dinter ex A.Schreib. = Indigofera areno-
longicephala B.-E.van Wyk phila
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC oocarpa Dinter ex Wilman = L. sparsiflora
longiflora Bolus ornata Dummer = L. mucronata
L. speciosa Hutch. (13) orthorrhiza Conrath = L. calycina
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–1005 m. NC oxyptera (E.Mey.) Benth.
lotononoides (Scott-Elliot) B.-E.van Wyk Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt 153–255 m. WC
Buchenroedera lotononoides Scott-Elliot (13)
L. dieterlenii E.Phillips (13) pachycarpa Dinter ex B.-E.van Wyk
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–5 m. Alt 1300– Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.1 m. Alt? N
2450 m. FS, KZN, L, EC pallens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth.
macrocarpa Eckl. & Zeyh. Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 120–283 m. WC pallidirosea Dinter & Harms
macrosepala Conrath Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? N
L. basutica E.Phillips (13) pariflora N.E.Br.
L. humilior Dummer (13)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.05 m. Alt ?–1920 m. LIM
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L parviflora (P.J.Bergius) D.Dietr.
L. brachyloba (E.Mey.) Benth. (13)
maculata Dummer Annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.6 m. Alt 30–1037 m. NC,
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 1052–1130 m. N, NC WC, EC
magnifica B.-E.van Wyk pauciflora Dummer = L. carinata
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt? WC peduncularis (E.Mey.) Benth. = L. involucrata subsp.
marginata Schinz = Pearsonia sessilifolia subsp. mar- peduncularis
ginata pentaphylla (E.Mey.) Benth.
marlothii Engl. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.07 m. Alt 120–167 m. NC
L. barberae Dummer (13)
L. listoides Dinter & Harms (13) perplexa (E.Mey.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 640–1340 m. N, B, NW, FS, Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt 397–763 m. WC
NC platycarpa (Viv.) Pic.Serm.
Capnitis clandestina E.Mey. (13)
maximiliani Schltr. ex De Wild. Leobordea abyssinica Hochst. ex A.Rich. (13)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt 5–1370 m. NC Leobordea platycarpa Viv. (3)
meyeri (C.Presl) B.-E.van Wyk L. clandestina (E.Mey.) Benth. (13)
Buchenroedera meyeri C.Presl (13) L. clandestina (E.Mey.) Benth. var. steingroeveriana Schinz (13)
Buchenroedera umbellata Harv. (13) L. dinteri Schinz (13)
L. platycarpa (Viv.) Pic.Serm. var. abyssinica (Hochst. ex A.Rich.)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 610–1525 m. KZN, Pic.Serm. (13)
EC L. porrecta (E.Mey.) Benth. (13)
micrantha Eckl. & Zeyh. L. steingroeveriana (Schinz) Dummer (13)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt? WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–2 m. Alt 700–2000 m. N, B,
FS, NC, WC
microphylla Harv. = L. prolifera
platycarpa (Viv.) Pic.Serm. var. abyssinica (Hochst. ex
minima B.-E.van Wyk A.Rich.) Pic.Serm. = L. platycarpa
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? NW, FS, NC
plicata B.-E.van Wyk
minor Dummer & Jenn. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–870 m. NC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt 2440–2745 m. L, EC
polycephala Benth.
mirabilis Dinter Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? NC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? N
porrecta (E.Mey.) Benth. = L. platycarpa
mollis (E.Mey.) Benth. pottiae Burtt Davy
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–1500 m. M, KZN
monophylla Harv. procumbens Bolus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.015–0.3 m. Alt 1678–2700 m.
mucronata Conrath M, FS, KZN, L
L. ornata Dummer (13)
prolifera (E.Mey.) B.-E.van Wyk
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.3 m. Alt 1068–2500 m. L. microphylla Harv. (13)
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–1068 m. EC
multiflora Schinz = Pearsonia sessilifolia subsp. mar- prostrata (L.) Benth.
ginata Ononis prostrata Burm. (3)
myriantha Baker f. ex Gibbs Russ. et al. = L. arida Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 30–570 m.
nutans B.-E.van Wyk WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt ?–550 m. WC pulchella (E.Mey.) B.-E.van Wyk
Buchenroedera tenuifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. pulchella (E.Mey.)
oligocephala B.-E.van Wyk Harv. (13)
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? NC Buchenroedera tenuifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. var. tenuifolia (13)

Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–6 m. Alt 1140– sparsiflora (E.Mey.) B.-E.van Wyk
2440 m. FS, KZN, L, EC L. oocarpa Dinter ex Wilman (13)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 280–1357 m. N, FS,
pulchra Dummer
L. tenuipes Burtt Davy (13) NC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–2 m. Alt 1037–2317 m. M, S, speciosa Hutch. = L. longiflora
KZN, EC spicata Compton
pumila Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt 1000–1525 m. S
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 336–763 m. WC, EC steingroeveriana (Schinz) Dummer = L. platycarpa
pungens Eckl. & Zeyh. stenophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) B.-E.van Wyk
L. depressa Eckl. & Zeyh. (13)
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt 640–732 m. NC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–1 m. Alt 5–1650 m. FS, NC,
WC, EC stipulosa Baker f.
Amphinomia stipulosa (Baker f.) A.Schreib. (3)
purpurescens B.-E.van Wyk Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt ?–458 m. LIM, M
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt? WC
stricta (Eckl. & Zeyh.) B.-E.van Wyk
pusilla Dummer Buchenroedera griquana Schltr. (13)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 1373–1769 m. FS, EC L. cytisoides (E.Mey.) Benth. var. brevifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Drège
(13)
quinata (Thunb.) Benth. L. cytisoides (E.Mey.) Benth. var. cytisoides (13)
L. delicatula Bolus ex De Wild. (13)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 305–700 m. NC 2135 m. KZN, L, EC
rabenaviana Dinter & Harms
Amphinomia rabenaviana (Dinter & Harms) A.Schreib. (6)
strigillosa (Merxm. & A.Schreib.) A.Schreib.
Amphinomia strigillosa Merxm. & A.Schreib. (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.2 m. Alt 280–1065 m. N, Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–61 m. N, NC
NC, WC
subulata B.-E.van Wyk
racemiflora B.-E.van Wyk Perennial. Herb, creeper. Ht? Alt? NW, FS, NC
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht? Alt?
WC sutherlandii Dummer
rehmannii Dummer = L. decumbens subsp. rehmannii
swaziensis Bolus = Pearsonia sessilifolia subsp. swa-
rigida (E.Mey.) Benth. ziensis
WC tenella (E.Mey.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.03 m. Alt 15–1800 m. NW, G,
rogersii Kensit = Pearsonia sessilifolia subsp. filifolia FS, L, WC, EC
rosea Dummer tenella Harv. var. hirsutissima Harv. = L. calycina
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–458 m. WC
tenuipes Burtt Davy = L. pulchra
rostrata Benth. subsp. brachybotrys B.-E.van Wyk
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–153 m. WC tenuis Baker
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.12 m. Alt? N
rostrata Benth. subsp. namaquensis (Bolus) B.-E.van
Wyk trichodes (E.Mey.) B.-E.van Wyk
Buchenroedera trichodes C.Presl (13)
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.33 m. Alt 640–1220 m. NC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt 1525–1800 m. EC
rostrata Benth. subsp. rostrata
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt ?–214 m. WC trichopoda Benth. = L. glabra
sabulosa Salter trisegmentata E.Phillips var. robusta E.Phillips = L.
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–150 m. WC sericophylla
umbellata (L.) Benth.
schlechteri Schinz = L. laxa Lipozygis umbellata E.Mey. (3)
schoenfelderi (Dinter ex Merxm. & A.Schreib.) A.Schreib. L. debilis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Benth. (13)
Amphinomia schoenfelderi Dinter ex Merxm. & A.Schreib. (13) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–5 m. Alt 18–488 m. WC
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? N, B uniflora Kensit = Pearsonia uniflora
schreiberi B.-E.van Wyk varia (E.Mey.) Steud.
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.1 m. Alt? N Telina varia E.Mey. (3)
sericoflora Dummer = L. adpressa subsp. adpressa Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.35 m. Alt 458–915 m.
WC
sericophylla Benth.
L. trisegmentata E.Phillips var. robusta E.Phillips (13) venosa B.-E.van Wyk
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–2.4 m. Alt 1220–2898 m. FS, Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC
KZN, L, EC versicolor Benth. = L. decumbens subsp. decumbens
serpens (E.Mey.) R.Dahlgren = L. hirsuta viborgioides Benth.
sessilifolia Harv. = Pearsonia sessilifolia subsp. sessili- Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 120–
folia 300 m. WC
solitudinis Dummer villosa (E.Mey.) Steud.
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 915–2200 m. G, M, FS, KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt ?–183 m. WC
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Lotononis

viminea (E.Mey.) B.-E.van Wyk axillare (E.Mey.) Verdc. var. axillare

Aspalathus viminea N.E.Br. (1) Dolichos axillaris E.Mey. (3)
Buchenroedera viminea C.Presl (13) Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 10–1647
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 280–1647 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
m. M, KZN, EC axillare (E.Mey.) Verdc. var. glabrum (E.Mey.) Verdc.
virgata B.-E.van Wyk Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–3 m. Alt 92–1120 m. KZN
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.45 m. Alt 122–1678 coddii Verdc.
m. KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt 1020–1037 m. KZN
wilmsii Dummer
L. hirsuta Schinz (13)
daltonii (Webb) Verdc.
Dolichos daltonii Webb (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–5 m. Alt 1159–1713 m. LIM, Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.7–2 m. Alt
NW, G, M 1100–1163 m. N, B
woodii Bolus = L. laxa maranguense (Taub.) Verdc.
wyliei J.M.Wood = L. eriocarpa Dolichos taubertii Baker f. (3)
Glycine maranguensis Taub. (3)
LOTUS L. 3698000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 259–1220 m. LIM,
Compiled by T. Nkonki M, S, KZN
(1) Gillett. 1958. Kew Bulletin 13: 361–381. rupestre (Welw. ex Baker) Verdc.
(2) Ball. 1968. Flora europaea 2: 173–176. Dolichos longistipellatus Harms (1)
(3) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae (part 4): 1042–1048. Dolichos rupestris Baker (1)
amplexicaulis E.Mey. = Argyrolobium amplexicaule Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt? N
arabicus L. (insufficiently known) uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. var. stenocarpum (Brenan)
L. mossamedensis Welw. (3) Verdc.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 910–1100 m. B, M
barberae Dummer (insufficiently known)
uniflorum (Lam.) Verdc. var. uniflorum
*corniculatus L. var. corniculatus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt ?–1460 m. N
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt ?–153 m. G, EC
discolor E.Mey. subsp. discolor *MEDICAGO L. 3688000
L. tigrensis Baker (1) Compiled by T. Nkonki
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–6 m. Alt 6–2196 m. LIM, G, (1) Lesins & Lesins. 1979. Genus Medicago, a taxogenetic study.
M, S, KZN, WC, EC (2) Stirton. 1982. Bothalia 14: 27–35.
filiformis P.J.Bergius = Indigofera sarmentosa (3) Small & Jomphe. 1989. Canadian Journal of Botany 67:
3260–3294.
fruticosus P.J.Bergius = Indigofera mauritanica
aschersoniana Urb. = M. laciniata var. laciniata
hispidus Desf. = L. subbiflorus subsp. subbiflorus
denticulata Willd. = M. polymorpha
microphyllus Hook. = Indigofera gracilis
falcata L.
mossamedensis Welw. = L. arabicus M. sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang. (2)
racemosus Poir. = Indigofera mauritanica Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.8 m, or stems prostrate. Alt
*subbiflorus Lag. subsp. subbiflorus 600–1450 m. G, WC
L. hispidus Desf. (2)
×hemicycla Grossh.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.5 m. Alt 170–1525 m. G, M. sativa L. × M. falcata L. (2)
WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m, or stems prostrate. Alt
tigrensis Baker = L. discolor subsp. discolor 1400–1500 m. G
hispida Gaertn. = M. polymorpha
*LUPINUS L. 3672000 laciniata (L.) Mill. var. laciniata
Compiled by H.F. Glen M. aschersoniana Urb. (2)
(1) Stirton. 1988. Bothalia 18: 25–29. M. polymorpha L. var. laciniata L. (2)
(2) McKean. 1995. European garden flora 4: 534–537. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m, or stems prostrate. Alt
angustifolius L. 0–2050 m. N, B, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 100–150 m. WC WC, EC
consentinii Guss. lupulina L.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 0–300 m. WC Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Length
0.2–0.6 m. Alt 650–1550 m. LIM, NW, G, M,
luteus L. KZN, WC, EC
nigra Krock. = M. polymorpha
pilosus L. polymorpha L.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 0–300 m. WC M. denticulata Willd. (2)
M. hispida Gaertn. (2)
MACROTYLOMA (Wight & 3910020 M. nigra Krock. (2)
Arn.) Verdc. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m, or stems prostrate. Alt
Compiled by T. Nkonki 0–2000 m. N, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
(1) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24,3: 401–406. polymorpha L. var. laciniata L. = M. laciniata var.
(2) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae (part 4): 581–594. laciniata

sativa L. cernuum (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = M. aethiopicum

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m, or stems prostrate. Alt decumbens (E.Mey.) Burtt Davy = M. microphyllum
0–1650 m. LIM, NW, G, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
exudans Harv.
sativa L. subsp. falcata (L.) Arcang. = M. falcata Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 280–
sativa L. × M. falcata L. = M. ×hemicycla 1525 m. WC
MELANOSTICTA DC. 3557010 glanduliferum Dummer = M. microphyllum
burchellii DC. = Hoffmannseggia burchellii subsp. humile Eckl. & Zeyh.
burchellii Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 134–875 m.
sandersonii Harv. = Hoffmannseggia sandersonii NC, WC
involucratum (Thunb.) C.H.Stirt. = Polhillia involucrata
*MELILOTUS Mill. 3689000 karasbergense L.Bolus = M. adenodes
lampolobum (E.Mey.) Moteetee & B.-E.van Wyk
(1) Gillett. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, part 4: 1039–1041. M. microphyllum (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. lampolobum (E.Mey.)
(2) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 481, 482. Harv. (4)
(3) Hamlet. 1995. European garden flora 4: 523.
alba Desr. m. WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.8 m. Alt 0–1950 m. N, LIM, macrocalyx Dummer var. longifolium Dummer
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 800–1100 m.
indica (L.) All. N, B, NC
M. parviflora Desf. (1)
Trifolium melilotus-indica L. (1) macrocalyx Dummer var. macrocalyx
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 0–1750 m. N, LIM, Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 900–
NW, G, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC 1700 m. N, B, FS, NC
officinalis (L.) Pall. microphyllum (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh.
Trifolium melilotus-officinalis L. (1) Dichilus microphyllus E.Mey. (1)
M. burchelli N.E.Br. (5)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 0–1550 m. G, WC M. decumbens (E.Mey.) Burtt Davy (5)
parviflora Desf. = M. indica M. glanduliferum Dummer (5)
MELOLOBIUM Eckl. & Zeyh. 3665000 2300 m. N, B, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
Compiled by A. Moteetee
microphyllum (L.f.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. lampolobum
(1) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 77–81. (E.Mey.) Harv. = M. lampolobum
(3) Stirton. 1986. South African Journal of Botany 52: 354–356. obcordatum Harv.
(4) Moteetee & Van Wyk. 2001. Bothalia 31: 209–212. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m.
(5) Moteetee & Van Wyk. To be published end of 2003. Alt 1370–2900 m. G, FS, KZN, L, EC
adenodes Eckl. & Zeyh.
M. karasbergense L.Bolus (5) parviflorum Benth. = M. candicans
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 75–1140 m. pegleri Dummer = M. alpinum
N, NC, WC, EC stipulatum (Thunb.) Harv.
aethiopicum (L.) Druce M. canaliculatum (E.Mey.) Benth. (5)
M. cernuum (L.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 762–900 m.
Ononis cernua L. (1) WC
Trigonella hirsute Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 30–1585 m. subspicatum Conrath
NC, WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1500–1700
m. G
alpinum Eckl. & Zeyh.
M. pegleri Dummer (5) villosum Harms = M. calycinum
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt wilmsii Harms
730–2324 m. FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ?–1500 m.
burchelli N.E.Br. = M. microphyllum G, M, FS, KZN
calycinum Benth.
M. villosum Harms (5) MICROCHARIS Benth. 3746000
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.61 m. Alt Compiled by T. Nkonki
854–2100 m. N, B, NW, FS, KZN, NC, EC (1) Schrire. 1992. Bothalia 22: 165–167.
canaliculatum (E.Mey.) Benth. = M. stipulatum disjuncta (J.B.Gillett) Schrire var. disjuncta
candicans (E.Mey.) Eckl. & Zeyh. Indigofera acutifolia Schinz (1)
Dichilus candicans E.Mey. (1) Indigofera disjuncta J.B.Gillett var. disjuncta (1)
M. parviflorum Benth. (5) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.35 m. Alt 610–1090 m. N,
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt NC
138–1920 m. N, B, NW, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
galpinii N.E.Br.
canescens Benth. Indigofera pseudo-indigofera (Merxm.) J.B.Gillett (1)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 915– M. pseudo-indigofera Merxm. (1)
1340 m. N, B, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 610–1675 m. M, S
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE *Medicago

latifolia Benth. stellata Forssk. = Pterolobium stellatum

Indigofera lobata J.B.Gillett (1)
virgata L. = Desmanthus virgatus
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt ?–381 m. M
pseudo-indigofera Merxm. = M. galpinii MUCUNA Adans. 3877000
MICROPTERYX Walp. 3870010 (1) Wilmot-Dear. 1985. Kew Bulletin 39: 23–65.
crista-galli (L.) Walp. = Erythrina crista-galli (2) Hennessy. 1989. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1998.
(3) Hennessy. 1991. Bothalia 21: 18–21.
MILLETTIA Wight & Arn. 3720000 (4) Wilmot-Dear. 1991. Kew Bulletin 46: 213–251.
Compiled by H.F. Glen capitata (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. = M. pruriens var. utilis
(1) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. coriacea Baker subsp. irritans (Burtt Davy) Verdc.
39: 203. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 3–4 m. Alt 365–1300 m.
(2) Pooley. 1993. The complete field guide to trees of Natal, Zululand LIM, G, M, S
& Transkei: 164–166.
(3) Van Wyk & Van Wyk. 1997. Field guide to trees of southern gigantea (Willd.) DC. subsp. gigantea
Africa: 458–461. Perennial. Climber. Ht ?–30 m. Alt ± 2 m. KZN
caffra Meisn. = M. grandis nivea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. = M. pruriens var. utilis
grandis (E.Mey.) Skeels pruriens (L.) DC. var. pruriens
M. caffra Meisn. (1) Dolichos pruriens L. (1)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–11 m. Alt 0–900 m. KZN, EC Stizolobium pruriens (L.) Medik. (1)
stuhlmannii Taub. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht ?–3 m. Alt 488–763 m.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–20 m. Alt 100–500 m. LIM KZN
sutherlandii Harv. = Philenoptera sutherlandii pruriens (L.) DC. var. utilis (Wall. ex Wight) Baker ex
Burck
M. capitata (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (4)
MIMOSA L. 3449000 M. nivea (Roxb.) Wight & Arn. (1)
Compiled by T. Nkonki Stizolobium deeringianum Bort (1)
Stizolobium niveum (Roxb.) Kuntze (1)
(1) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 117–119.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht ?–3 m. Alt? M
adianthifolia Schumach. = Albizia adianthifolia var.
adianthifolia MUNDULEA (DC.) Benth. 3719000
asperata L. = M. pigra Compiled by H.F. Glen
capensis Burm.f. = Acacia karroo (1) Phillips. 1931. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 11: t. 406.
decurrens J.C.Wendl. = Acacia decurrens (2) Gillett. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, part 3: 155–157.
distachya Vent. = Paraserianthes lophantha subsp. lo- pondoensis Codd = Tephrosia pondoensis
phantha sericea (Willd.) A.Chev.
farnesiana L. = Acacia farnesiana Cytisus sericeus Willd. (2)
M. suberosa (DC.) Benth. (2)
lebbeck L. = Albizia lebbeck Tephrosia suberosa DC. (2)
leucacantha Jacq. = Acacia karroo Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 25–1850 m. N,
leucocephala Lam. = Leucaena leucocephala subsp. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
leucocephala suberosa (DC.) Benth. = M. sericea
longifolia Andrews = Acacia longifolia
mellifera Vahl = Acacia mellifera subsp. mellifera NEONOTONIA J.A.Lackey 3864010
natans L.f. = Neptunia oleracea Compiled by T. Nkonki
nilotica in sense of Burm.f., not of L., misapplied name (1) Lackey. 1977. Phytologia 37: 209–212.
(2) Viswanathan. 1991. Journal of the Bombay Natural History
= Acacia karroo Society 88: 137, 138.
nilotica in sense of Thunb. (1800), not of L., misapplied wightii (Arn.) J.A.Lackey
name = Acacia nilotica subsp. kraussiana Glycine javanica L. subsp. javanica (1)
nilotica in sense of Thunb. (1823), not of L., misapplied Glycine javanica L. subsp. micrantha (Hochst. & A.Rich.)
name = Acacia karroo F.J.Herm. (1)
Glycine wightii (Wight & Arn.) Verdc. subsp. wightii var. longicau-
pigra L. da (Schweinf.) Verdc. (1)
M. asperata L. (1) Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.6–4.5 m. Alt 0–1500 m. N, B,
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.3–4.5 m. Alt 50–1400 LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
m. N, B, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
procera Roxb. = Albizia procera NEORAUTANENIA Schinz 3865000
prostrata Lam. = Neptunia oleracea Compiled by T. Nkonki
*pudica L. var. hispida Brenan (1) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24,2: 300–308.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 0–500 amboensis Schinz
m. LIM, KZN Dolichos brachypus Engl. (1)
N. brachypus (Harms) C.A.Sm. (1)
saligna Labill. = Acacia saligna N. edulis C.A.Sm. (1)
spicata E.Mey. = Adenopodia spicata N. seineri (Harms) C.A.Sm. (1)
FABACEAE Microcharis DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.9–3 m. Alt 305– OPHRESTIA H.M.L.Forbes 3718020
1525 m. N, B, LIM, M Compiled by T. Nkonki
brachypus (Harms) C.A.Sm. = N. amboensis (1) Forbes. 1948. Bothalia 4: 1003–1006.
(2) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24,2: 257–262.
edulis C.A.Sm. = N. amboensis
oblongifolia (E.Mey.) H.M.L.Forbes var. oblongifolia
ficifolius (Benth.) C.A.Sm. O. retusa H.M.L.Forbes (2)
Dolichos ficifolius (Benth.) Harms (1) O. swazica H.M.L.Forbes (2)
Pueraria ficifolia (Benth.) L.Bolus (1) Tephrosia oblongifolia E.Mey. (2)
Rhynchosia ficifolia Benth. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–3 m. Alt 12–1700 m. NW, G,
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.15–1.5 m. Alt 365–
S, KZN, EC
1713 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC
oblongifolia (E.Mey.) H.M.L.Forbes var. velutinosa
seineri (Harms) C.A.Sm. = N. amboensis
H.M.L.Forbes
NEPTUNIA Lour. 3451000 Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN
retusa H.M.L.Forbes = O. oblongifolia var. oblongifolia
(1) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 120–122. swazica H.M.L.Forbes = O. oblongifolia var. oblongi-
folia
oleracea Lour.
Desmanthus stolonifer DC. (1)
Mimosa natans L.f. (1)
ORMOCARPUM P.Beauv. 3792000
Mimosa prostrata Lam. (1) Compiled by H.F. Glen
N. prostrata (Lam.) Baill. (1) (1) Killick. 1970. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1585.
N. stolonifera (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (1) (2) Gillett. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, part 3: 352–364.
Perennial. Herb, hypophyte. Ht up to 0.2 m above affine De Wild. = O. kirkii
water level, stems prostrate. Alt 25–1150 m. N, discolor Vatke = O. kirkii
B, LIM, KZN
kirkii S.Moore
prostrata (Lam.) Baill. = N. oleracea Diphaca discolor (Vatke) Chiov. (2)
stolonifera (DC.) Guill. & Perr. = N. oleracea Diphaca kirkii (S.Moore) Taub. (2)
O. affine De Wild. (2)
O. discolor Vatke (2)
NEWTONIA Baill. 3460000 O. mimosoides S.Moore (2)
Compiled by H.F. Glen Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–9 m. Alt 550–1300 m. N,
(1) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 134, 135. LIM, M
hildebrandtii (Vatke) Torre var. hildebrandtii mimosoides S.Moore = O. kirkii
Perennial. Tree. Ht 9–18 m. Alt 0–120 m. S, KZN setosum Burtt Davy = O. trichocarpum
trichocarpum (Taub.) Engl.
NICOLSONIA Span. 3807020 Diphaca trichocarpa Taub. (2)
O. setosum Burtt Davy (2)
barbata (L.) DC. var. argyrae (Welw. ex Baker)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 50–1550 m. B,
Schindl. = Desmodium barbatum var. argyrae
LIM, M, S, KZN
barbata (L.) DC. var. dimorpha (Welw. ex Baker)
Schindl. = Desmodium barbatum var. dimorpha *ORNITHOPUS L. 3773000
caffra E.Mey. = Desmodium dregeanum Compiled by T. Nkonki
(1) Ball. 1968. Flora europaea 2: 182.
setigera E.Mey. = Desmodium setigerum
sativus Brot.
OMPHALOBIUM Jacq. 3506030 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 170–280 m. NC, WC
schotia J.Jacq. ex DC. = Schotia latifolia OSTRYODERRIS Dunn 3838040
ONONIS L. 3685000 stuhlmannii (Taub.) Harms = Xeroderris stuhlmannii
capillaris Thunb. = Aspalathus bracteata OTHOLOBIUM C.H.Stirt. 3703040
cernua L. = Melolobium aethiopicum Compiled by M. Jordaan
(1) Stirton. 1981. Advances in Legume Systematics: 337–343.
excisa Thunb. = Crotalaria excisa subsp. excisa (2) Stirton. 1982. Bothalia 14: 72, 73.
fasciculata Thunb. = Aspalathus fasciculata (3) Stirton. 1983. Journal of South African Botany 49: 337–342.
(4) Stirton. 1986. South African Journal of Botany 52: 1–6.
filiformis L. = Indigofera sarmentosa (5) Stirton. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 336–341.
involucrata P.J.Bergius = Lotononis involucrata subsp. (6) Stirton. 1991. South African Journal of Botany 57: 123–127.
involucrata (7) Stirton & Schutte. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9:
500–503.
lagopus Thunb. = Aspalathus lotoides subsp. lagopus (8) Verdcourt. 2000. FZ 3,6: 46–48.
mauritanica L. = Indigofera mauritanica accrescens C.H.Stirt.
prostrata Burm. = Lotononis prostrata Perennial. Resprouting subshrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt
50–150 m. WC
racemosa Thunb. = Crotalaria effusa
acuminatum (Lam.) C.H.Stirt.
spicata Thunb. = Aspalathus aemula Psoralea acuminata Lam. (4)
villosa Thunb. = Lotononis azurea Psoralea densa E.Mey. (4)
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Neorautanenia

Perennial. Reseeding shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 160–540 hirtum (L.) C.H.Stirt.

m. WC Psoralea hirta L. (4)
Psoralea stachydis L.f. (4)
arborescens C.H.Stirt. Psoralea stachyos Thunb. (4)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 5 m. Alt 250–500 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 160–330 m. WC
NC, WC
incanum C.H.Stirt.
argenteum (Thunb.) C.H.Stirt. Perennial. Subshrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 60–130 m. WC
Psoralea albicans Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
Psoralea argentea Thunb. (4) lanceolatum C.H.Stirt.
Perennial. Resprouting subshrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? Perennial. Resprouting decumbent subshrub. Ht up to
NC, WC 0.06 m. Alt 100–200 m. WC
bolusii (H.M.L.Forbes) C.H.Stirt. macradenium (Harv.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea bolusii H.M.L.Forbes (4) Psoralea macradenia Harv. (4)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 30–1000 m. Perennial. Resprouting shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 400–
NC, WC 1850 m. WC
bowieanum (Harv.) C.H.Stirt. mundianum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea bowieana Harv. (4) Psoralea decumbens Willd. (4)
Perennial. Resprouting subshrub. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt Psoralea mundiana Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
60–650 m. WC Psoralea spathulata E.Mey. (4)
Perennial. Resprouting subshrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt
bracteolatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea algoensis Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) 1200–1580 m. WC
Psoralea bracteolata Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) nigricans C.H.Stirt.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 0–170 m. WC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 1500–2100 m.
caffrum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.H.Stirt. M, S, KZN
Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
Psoralea royffei H.M.L.Forbes (4) obliquum (E.Mey.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea obliqua E.Mey. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 550–3000 m. KZN,
Perennial. Resprouting subshrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt
EC
360–1300 m. WC
candicans (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea candicans Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) parviflorum (E.Mey.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea parviflora E.Mey. (4)
Perennial. Reseeding shrublet. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt
130–920 m. WC, EC Perennial. Resprouting subshrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt
260–1160 m. WC
canescens (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea canescens Eckl. & Zeyh. (5) pictum C.H.Stirt.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 0–150 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 630–1330 m. EC
carneum (E.Mey.) C.H.Stirt. polyphyllum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea carnea E.Mey. (4) Psoralea polyphylla Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 550–600 m. Perennial. Shrublet. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 400–600 m. EC
WC, EC polystictum (Benth. ex Harv.) C.H.Stirt.
decumbens (Aiton) C.H.Stirt. = O. virgatum Psoralea polysticta Benth. ex Harv. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 450–2300 m. LIM,
flexuosum C.H.Stirt. G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2.5 m. Alt 250–850 m. NC
prodiens C.H.Stirt.
foliosum (Oliv.) C.H.Stirt. subsp. gazense (Baker f.)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2.5 m. Alt 260–700 m. WC,
Verdc.
Psoralea foliosa Oliv. var. gazensis Baker f. (8) EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 1200–2100 m. LIM pungens C.H.Stirt.
fruticans (L.) C.H.Stirt. Perennial. Decumbent shrublet. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt
Psoralea aculeata Thunb. (4) 20–160 m. WC
Psoralea cuneifolia Dum.Cours. (4)
Psoralea fruticans (L.) Druce (4) pustulatum C.H.Stirt.
Perennial. Subshrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 160–400 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 700–800 m. NC
WC racemosum (Thunb.) C.H.Stirt.
fumeum C.H.Stirt. Psoralea hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
Psoralea racemosa Thunb. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 1600–3200 m.
KZN Perennial. Resprouting subshrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt
600–1400 m. WC
hamatum (Harv.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea hamata Harv. (4) rotundifolium (L.f.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea rotundifolia L.f. (4)
NC, WC Perennial. Resprouting subshrub. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt
430–530 m. WC
heterosepalum (Fourc.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea heterosepala Fourc. (4) rubicundum C.H.Stirt.
Perennial. Resprouting shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 260– Perennial. Shrub or subshrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt
730 m. WC, EC 1000–1460 m. WC
FABACEAE Otholobium DICOTYLEDONS

sericeum (Poir.) C.H.Stirt. triquetra (Thunb.) C.Presl = Aspalathus triquetra

Eriosema capitatum E.Mey. (4)
Psoralea pedunculata Ker Gawl. (4) zeyheriana C.Presl = Aspalathus triquetra
Psoralea sericea Poir. (4)
Psoralea tomentosum Thunb. (4) PAHUDIA Miq. 3511000
Perennial. Shrub or subshrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 10– quanzensis (Welw.) Prain = Afzelia quanzensis
600 m. WC, EC
spicatum (L.) C.H.Stirt. *PARASERIANTHES I.C.Nielsen 3443010
Psoralea spicata L. (4) Compiled by H.F. Glen
Perennial. Reseeding shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 30–400 (1) Nielsen et al. 1983. Bulletin du Muséum Nationale d’Histoire
m. WC Naturale 5: 335–360.
stachyerum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.H.Stirt. (2) Henderson. 2001. Alien weeds and invasive plants: 227, 252.
Psoralea stachyera Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) lophantha (Willd.) I.C.Nielsen subsp. lophantha
Perennial. Reseeding shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 200– Acacia lophantha Willd. (1)
1450 m. WC, EC Albizia distachya (Vent.) J.F.Macbr. (1)
Albizia lophantha (Willd.) Benth. (1)
striatum (Thunb.) C.H.Stirt. Mimosa distachya Vent. (1)
Psoralea eckloniana Otto (4)
Psoralea rupicola Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2.4–15 m. Alt 15–600 m.
Psoralea stricta Thunb. (4) WC, EC
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 2.5 m. Alt 300–1000
m. NC, WC PARASPALATHUS C.Presl 3662050
swartbergense C.H.Stirt. aemula (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus aemula
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1560–1860 m. araneosa (L.) C.Presl = Aspalathus araneosa
WC argentea (L.) C.Presl = Aspalathus caledonensis
thomii (Harv.) C.H.Stirt. ascendens (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus quinquefolia
Psoralea thomii Harv. (4) subsp. virgata
Perennial. Resprouting subshrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt callosa (L.) C.Presl = Aspalathus callosa
0–150 m. WC cancellata C.Presl = Aspalathus araneosa
trianthum (E.Mey.) C.H.Stirt. capitata (L.) C.Presl = Aspalathus capitata
Psoralea triantha E.Mey. (4 )
Psoralea triflora Poir. (4) carnosa (P.J.Bergius) C.Presl = Aspalathus carnosa
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 100–500 m. WC cephalotes (Thunb.) C.Presl = Aspalathus cephalotes
uncinatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.H.Stirt. subsp. cephalotes
Psoralea cephalotes E.Mey. (4) cerrhantha (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus cer-
Psoralea uncinata Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) rhantha
Perennial. Subshrub. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt 0–750 m. WC
cinerea (Thunb.) C.Presl = Aspalathus cytisoides
venustum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.H.Stirt. crocea C.Presl = Aspalathus abietina
Psoralea venusta Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
Perennial. Subshrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 100–200 m. WC cytisoides (Lam.) C.Presl = Aspalathus cytisoides
virgatum (Burm.f.) C.H.Stirt. elongata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus quinque-
O. decumbens (Aiton) C.H.Stirt. (7) folia subsp. virgata
Psoralea decumbens Aiton (7) ericifolia (L.) C.Presl = Aspalathus ericifolia subsp.
Perennial. Trailing resprouting subshrub. Ht up to 0.2 ericifolia
m. Alt 0–400 m. WC, EC erythrodes (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus ery-
wilmsii (Harms) C.H.Stirt. throdes
Psoralea wilmsii Harms (4)
fagonioides C.Presl = Aspalathus tylodes
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 950–2300
m. LIM, M, S, KZN filicaulis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus fili-
caulis
zeyheri (Harv.) C.H.Stirt.
Psoralea zeyheri Harv. (4) galeata (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus galeata
Perennial. Resprouting subshrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt globosa (Andrews) C.Presl = Aspalathus globosa
60–800 m. WC heterophylla (‘Thunb.’) C.Presl = Aspalathus hetero-
phylla
OTOPTERA DC. 3906000 humifusa C.Presl = Aspalathus lotoides subsp. lotoides
Compiled by T. Nkonki intermedia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus inter-
(1) Schreiber. 1970. FSWA 60: 93, 94. media
burchellii DC. jacobaea (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus quinquefolia
Vigna burchellii (DC.) Harv. (1) subsp. quinquefolia
Perennial. Shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.34–3 m. Alt lotoides (Thunb.) C.Presl = Aspalathus lotoides subsp.
365–1650 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, NC lotoides
melanoides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus nigra
PACHYRAPHEA C.Presl 3662040 meyeriana (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus cilia-
propinqua (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus triquetra ris
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Otholobium

multiflora (Thunb.) C.Presl = Aspalathus vermiculata Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 880–2075 m. FS, KZN
nigra (L.) C.Presl = Aspalathus nigra grandifolia (Bolus) Polhill subsp. latibracteolata
nigrescens (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus nigra (Dummer) Polhill
Phaenohoffmannia latibracteolata (Dummer) J.B.Gillett (1)
plukenetiana (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus Pleiospora latibracteolata Dummer (1)
rugosa Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–2285 m. G, M, KZN
procumbens (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus lotoides hirsuta Germish.
subsp. lotoides Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? M
psoraloides C.Presl = Aspalathus psoraleoides marginata Dummer = P. sessilifolia subsp. marginata
purpurascens (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus ternata mucronata Burtt Davy ex Baker f. = P. sessilifolia
sericea (P.J.Bergius) C.Presl = Aspalathus sericea subsp. sessilifolia
stellaris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus aspa- obovata (Schinz) Polhill
lathoides Phaenohoffmannia obovata (Schinz) J.B.Gillett (1)
stenophylla (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus steno- Pleiospora obovata Schinz (1)
phylla Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.8 m. Alt 1235–2195 m.
LIM, M
villosa (Thunb.) C.Presl = Aspalathus villosa
virgata (Thunb.) C.Presl = Aspalathus quinquefolia sessilifolia (Harv.) Dummer subsp. filifolia (Bolus)
subsp. virgata Polhill
Lotononis filifolia Bolus (1)
Lotononis rogersii Kensit (1)
PARKINSONIA L. 3551000 P. filifolia (Bolus) Dummer (1)
Compiled by H.F. Glen Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 305–1675 m. LIM,
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 109–112. M, S, KZN
sessilifolia (Harv.) Dummer subsp. marginata (Schinz)
*aculeata L. Polhill
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 6–9 m. Alt 500–1200 m. N, Lotononis marginata Schinz (1)
B, LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC Lotononis multiflora Schinz (1)
P. atherstonei Dummer (1)
africana Sond. P. marginata Dummer (1)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.4–6 m. Alt 100–1350 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 300–
N, LIM, NW, NC 2135 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
PAULETIA Cav. 3528060 sessilifolia (Harv.) Dummer subsp. sessilifolia
Lotononis sessilifolia Harv. (1)
bowkeri (Harv.) A.Schmitz = Bauhinia bowkeri P. mucronata Burtt Davy ex Baker f. (1)
tomentosa (L.) A.Schmitz = Bauhinia tomentosa Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–1 m. Alt 457–
2195 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
PEARSONIA Dummer 3657010 sessilifolia (Harv.) Dummer subsp. swaziensis (Bolus)
Polhill
(1) Polhill. 1974. Kew Bulletin 29: 383–410. Lotononis swaziensis Bolus (1)
(2) Germishuizen. 1998. Bothalia 28: 57, 58. P. swaziensis (Bolus) Dummer (1)
aristata (Schinz) Dummer Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 759–
Lotononis aristata Schinz (1) 1371 m. M, S
swaziensis (Bolus) Dummer = P. sessilifolia subsp. swa-
LIM, G, M, S, KZN
ziensis
atherstonei Dummer = P. sessilifolia subsp. marginata
uniflora (Kensit) Polhill
bracteata (Benth.) Polhill Lotononis uniflora Kensit (1)
Lotononis bracteata Benth. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt 1525–1713 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S
LIM, G
cajanifolia (Harv.) Polhill subsp. cajanifolia PELTARIA DC. 3661030
Pleiospora cajanifolia Harv. (1)
Pleiospora gracilior Dummer (1) capensis Burm.f. = Wiborgia fusca subsp. fusca
LIM, NW, G, M, FS PELTOPHORUM (Vogel) Benth. 3561000
cajanifolia (Harv.) Polhill subsp. cryptantha (Baker)
Polhill (1) Verdoorn. 1964. The Flowering Plants of Africa 36: t. 1434.
Eriosema cryptantha Baker (1) (2) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 130–133.
Pleiospora bolusii Dummer (1) (3) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 26.
Pleiospora cryptantha (Baker) Baker (1) africanum Sond.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.25–1.5 m. Brasilettia africana (Sond.) Kuntze (2)
Alt 946–2257 m. LIM, G, M Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.5–18 m. Alt 60–1950 m. N, B,
filifolia (Bolus) Dummer = P. sessilifolia subsp. filifolia LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
grandifolia (Bolus) Polhill subsp. grandifolia PERLEBIA Spix & Mart. 3528070
Lotononis grandifolia Bolus (1)
Pleiospora grandifolia (Bolus) Dummer (1) galpinii (N.E.Br.) A.Schmitz = Bauhinia galpinii
FABACEAE Paraspalathus DICOTYLEDONS

macrantha (Oliv.) A.Schmitz = Bauhinia petersiana cajanifolia Harv. = Pearsonia cajanifolia subsp. cajani-
subsp. macrantha folia
natalensis (Oliv. ex Hook.) A.Schmitz = Bauhinia nata- cryptantha (Baker) Baker = Pearsonia cajanifolia subsp.
lensis cryptantha
petersiana (Bolle) A.Schmitz = Bauhinia petersiana gracilior Dummer = Pearsonia cajanifolia subsp. cajani-
subsp. petersiana folia
urbaniana (Schinz) A.Schmitz = Bauhinia urbaniana grandifolia (Bolus) Dummer = Pearsonia grandifolia
subsp. grandifolia
PHAENOHOFFMANNIA Kuntze 3656000 latibracteolata Dummer = Pearsonia grandifolia
latibracteolata (Dummer) J.B.Gillett = Pearsonia subsp. latibracteolata
grandifolia subsp. latibracteolata obovata Schinz = Pearsonia obovata
obovata (Schinz) J.B.Gillett = Pearsonia obovata
PODALYRIA Willd. 3621000
PHASEOLUS L. 3901000 Compiled by H.F. Glen
amboensis Schinz = Bolusia amboensis (1) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 9–14.
dinteri Harms = Decorsea dinteri (2) Bolus. 1934. Journal of Botany, London 72: 22.
(3) Schelpe. 1987. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1958.
luteolus (Jacq.) Gagnep. = Vigna luteola var. luteola (4) Van Wyk & Schutte. 1994. Nordic Journal of Botany 14: 319–325.
schlechteri Harms = Decorsea schlechteri
amoena Eckl. & Zeyh.
vexillatus L. = Vigna vexillata var. vexillata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 300–800 m. WC, EC
PHILENOPTERA Fenzl ex A.Rich. 3834010 angustifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. argentea
Compiled by H.F. Glen anomala Lehm. = P. sericea
(1) Verdoorn. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 39: t. 1543. argentea Salisb.
(2) Polhill. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, part 3: 65–73. P. angustifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
(3) Ross. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 46: t. 1820. P. biflora Sims (1)
(4) Schrire. 2000. Kew Bulletin 55: 81–94. P. cuneifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
bussei (Harms) Schrire P. liparioides Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Lonchocarpus bussei Harms (4) P. pedunculata Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Lonchocarpus fischeri Harms (2) P. subbiflora Benth. (1)
Lonchocarpus menyhartii Schinz (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–1.2 m. Alt 150–900 m. WC
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 200–400 m. M argentea Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. biflora
nelsii (Schinz) Schrire aurea (Aiton) Willd. = Calpurnia aurea subsp. aurea
Dalbergia nelsii Schinz (2)
Lonchocarpus nelsii (Schinz) Schinz ex Heering & Grimme (4) biflora Lam.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–12 m. Alt 850–1450 m. P. argentea Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
N, B Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–2.5 m. Alt 50–
1000 m. WC
sutherlandii (Harv.) Schrire
Millettia sutherlandii Harv. (4) biflora Sims = P. argentea
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–21.5 m. Alt 50–750 m. S, burchellii DC.
KZN, EC P. burchellii Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
P. lancifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
violacea (Klotzsch) Schrire
Capassa violacea Klotzsch (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–2.5 m. Alt 50–1450 m. WC,
Derris violacea (Klotzsch) Harms (2) EC
Lonchocarpus capassa Rolfe (4) burchellii Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. burchellii
Lonchocarpus violaceus (Klotzsch) Oliv. (2)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4.5–20 m. Alt 50–1250 m. N, B, buxifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. myrtillifolia
LIM, M, S buxifolia Lam. = P. glauca
buxifolia (Retz.) Willd.
PILIOSTIGMA Hochst. 3528010 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 15–1050 m.
WC, EC
(1) Coetzer & Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 58–60.
calyptrata (Retz.) Willd.
thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. P. calyptrata (Retz.) Willd. var. lanceolata E.Mey. (3)
Bauhinia thonningii Schumach. (1) P. lanceolata Benth. (3)
Locellaria bauhinioides Welw. (2) P. myrtillifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–13 m. Alt 250–1525 m. P. styracifolia Sims (1)
N, B, LIM, M Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–6 m. Alt 0–1250 m. WC, EC
calyptrata (Retz.) Willd. var. lanceolata E.Mey. = P.
PLAGIOSTIGMA C.Presl 3662060 calyptrata
pinea (Thunb.) C.Presl = Aspalathus pinea subsp.
pinea canescens E.Mey.
P. intermedia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
P. meyeriana Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
PLEIOSPORA Harv. 3656010 P. thunbergiana Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
bolusii Dummer = Pearsonia cajanifolia subsp. cryp- Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–2.5 m. Alt 300–1700 m. WC,
tantha EC
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Perlebia

canescens Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. sericea Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 0–550 m. WC, EC
capensis (L.) Willd. = Virgilia oroboides subsp. oroboi- sparsiflora Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. glauca
des speciosa Eckl. & Zeyh.
chrysantha Adamson = Stirtonanthus chrysanthus Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 75–575 m. WC
cordata R.Br. styracifolia Sims = P. calyptrata
subbiflora Benth. = P. argentea
EC
cuneifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. argentea tayloriana L.Bolus = Stirtonanthus taylorianus
cuneifolia Vent. thunbergiana Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. canescens
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 0–1050 m. WC, EC velutina Burch. ex Benth.
genistoides Willd. in part = Cyclopia galioides Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–3 m. Alt 50–600 m. FS,
glauca DC. KZN, WC, EC
P. buxifolia Lam. (1)
P. mundiana Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) POINCIANA (Tourn. ex L.) L. 3556000
P. sparsiflora Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
gilliesii Wall. ex Hook. = Caesalpinia gilliesii
1150 m. WC, EC pulcherrima L. = Caesalpinia pulcherrima
hamata E.Mey. spinosa Molina = Caesalpinia spinosa
POLHILLIA C.H.Stirt. 3660020
hirsuta (Aiton) Willd.
(1) Stirton. 1986. South African Journal of Botany 52: 167–180;
insignis Compton = Stirtonanthus insignis 354–356.
intermedia Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. canescens (2) Van Wyk & Schutte. 1989. Kew Bulletin 44,3: 420, 421.
(3) Van Wyk. 1992. Bothalia 22: 42, 43.
lanceolata Benth. = P. calyptrata
lancifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. burchellii brevicalyx (C.H.Stirt.) B.-E.van Wyk & A.L.Schutte
Argyrolobium brevicalyx C.H.Stirt. (2)
leipoldtii L.Bolus Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt ?–210 m. WC
canescens C.H.Stirt.
liparioides Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. argentea
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.5 m. Alt? WC
meyeriana Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. canescens
connata (Harv.) C.H.Stirt.
microphylla E.Mey. Argyrolobium connatum Harv. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 75–200 m. WC Genista connata (Harv.) Briq. (1)
montana Hutch. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.2 m. Alt ?–1675 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1 m. Alt 150–1150 m. WC, involucrata (Thunb.) B.-E.van Wyk & A.L.Schutte
EC Argyrolobium involucratum (Thunb.) Harv. (2)
Genista involucrata (Thunb.) Briq. (2)
mundiana Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. glauca Melolobium involucratum (Thunb.) C.H.Stirt. (2)
myrtillifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. calyptrata Psoralea involucrata Thunb. (2)
myrtillifolia (Retz.) Willd. Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt ?–1300 m. NC
P. buxifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) obsoleta (Harv.) B.-E.van Wyk
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–3 m. Alt 0–850 m. WC, EC Lebeckia waltersii C.H.Stirt. (3)
P. waltersii (C.H.Stirt.) C.H.Stirt. (3)
oleaefolia Salisb.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt ± 300 m. WC
WC pallens C.H.Stirt.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt ± 30 m. WC
orbicularis E.Mey.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 300–750 m. WC, waltersii (C.H.Stirt.) C.H.Stirt. = P. obsoleta
EC
pearsonii E.Phillips PRIESTLEYA DC. 3643000
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 300–1050 m. NC, Compiled by T. Nkonki
WC (1) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 15–20.
(2) Druce. 1917. Report of the Botanical Society and Exchange Club
pedunculata Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. argentea of the British Isles: 1916.
pulcherrima Schinz (3) Phillips. 1941. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 21: t. 833.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 100–750 (4) Adamson & Salter. 1950. Flora of the Cape Peninsula: 461, 462.
(5) Oliver et al. 1992. Bothalia 22: 47–51.
m. WC (6) Schutte & Van Wyk. 1994. Taxon 43: 573–582.
racemulosa Eckl. & Zeyh. (7) Schutte. 1997. Nordic Journal of Botany 17,1: 11–37.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 30–300 m. WC angustifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = Liparia angustifolia
reticulata Harv. boucheri E.G.H.Oliv. & Fellingham = Liparia
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 90–600 m. WC boucheri
sericea (Andrews) R.Br. ex W.T.Aiton calycina L.Bolus = Liparia calycina
P. anomala Lehm. (1)
P. canescens Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) capitata (Thunb.) DC. = Liparia capitata
FABACEAE Podalyria DICOTYLEDONS

capitata (Thunb.) DC. var. pilosa (E.Mey.) Harv. = glandulosa Torr. var. glandulosa
Liparia capitata P. juliflora of author, not of (Sw.) DC., concept invalid (2)
cephalotes E.Mey. = Liparia umbellifera
N, B, NW, FS, NC, WC
cephalotes E.Mey. var. angustifolia E.Mey. = Liparia
glandulosa Torr. var. torreyana (Benson) Johnst.
umbellifera
elliptica DC. = Xiphotheca elliptica NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
glauca Salter = Xiphotheca lanceolata juliflora of author, not of (Sw.) DC., concept invalid =
graminifolia (L.) DC. = Liparia graminifolia P. glandulosa var. glandulosa
guthriei L.Bolus = Xiphotheca guthriei pubescens Benth.
hirsuta (Thunb.) DC. = Liparia hirsuta Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 1000–1400 m.
NC
hirsuta (Thunb.) DC. var. subenervia Meisn. = Liparia
hirsuta velutina Wooton
hirsuta (Thunb.) DC. var. trinervia Meisn. = Liparia NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
hirsuta
laevigata (L.) DC. = Liparia laevigata PSEUDARTHRIA Wight & Arn. 3808000
laevigata (L.) DC. var. glabra E.Mey. = Liparia capitata Compiled by T. Nkonki
laevigata (L.) DC. var. pilosa E.Mey., excluding syn- (1) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae (part 3,1): 483–487.
(2) Schrire. 1988. Bothalia 18: 17.
onym = Liparia capitata
laevigata (L.) Druce hookeri Wight & Arn. var. hookeri
P. umbellifera Eckl. & Zeyh. (4) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 30–
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 610–1280 m. WC 1525 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
lanceolata E.Mey. = Xiphotheca lanceolata PSEUDOCADIA Harms 3580010
latifolia Benth. = Liparia latifolia zambesiaca (Baker) Harms = Xanthocercis zambesiaca
leiocarpa Eckl. & Zeyh. = Liparia myrtifolia
meyeri Meisn. = Amphithalea imbricata PSILOLEPUS C.Presl 3662070
myrtifolia DC. = Liparia myrtifolia bracteatus (Thunb.) C.Presl = Aspalathus bracteata
rotundifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. = Xiphotheca tecta lanatus (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus lanata
schlechteri L.Bolus = Xiphotheca canescens pedunculatus (L’Hér.) C.Presl = Aspalathus bracteata
sericea of author, concept invalid = Xiphotheca reflexa PSORALEA L. 3703000
stokoei L.Bolus = Xiphotheca tecta Compiled by M. Jordaan & H.F. Glen
tecta (Thunb.) DC. = Xiphotheca tecta (1) Harvey. 1862. FC 2: 143–157.
(2) Forbes. 1930. Bothalia 3: 116–136.
teres (Thunb.) DC. = Liparia genistoides (3) Salter. 1939. Journal of South African Botany 5: 45, 46.
thunbergii Benth., illegitimate name = Liparia laevigata (4) Verdoorn. 1947. The Flowering Plants of Africa 26: t. 1029.
(5) Stirton. 1984. Journal of South African Botany 50: 461, 462.
thunbergii Benth. var. villosa Harv., illegitimate name = (6) Stirton. 1995. Kew Bulletin 50: 619–622.
Liparia laevigata (7) Stirton. 1998. South African Journal of Botany 64: 244, 245.
(8) Stirton & Schutte. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9:
tomentosa (L.) Druce = Liparia vestita 500–503.
umbellifera Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. laevigata (9) Verdcourt. 2000. FZ 3,6: 48–50.
(10) Jordaan. Personal comunication.
umbellifera (Thunb.) DC. = Liparia umbellifera
abbottii C.H.Stirt.
vestita (Thunb.) DC. = Liparia vestita
Perennial. Procumbent subshrub. Length up to 1.5 m.
villosa DC., illegitimate name = Xiphotheca fruticosa Alt 300–1000 m. KZN, EC
villosa (Thunb.) Druce = Liparia angustifolia acaulis Stev. ap. Hoffm. = Bituminaria acaulis
aculeata L.
*PROSOPIS L. 3454000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 30–900 m. WC
Compiled by T. Nkonki aculeata Thunb. = Otholobium fruticans
(1) Isely. 1973. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 25: 116–122. acuminata Lam. = Otholobium acuminatum
(2) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 6, 7.
(3) Burkart. 1976. Journal of the Arnold Arboretum 57: 219–249, affinis Eckl. & Zeyh.
450–525. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 100–1800 m. WC, EC
chilensis (Molina) Stuntz alata (Thunb.) T.M.Salter
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3.5–10 m. Alt 90–1250 m. Hallia alata Thunb. (3)
N, NC Perennial. Prostrate shrublet. Ht up to 0.1 m. Length
elephantina (Burch.) E.Mey. = Elephantorrhiza ele- up to 0.6 m. Alt 100–1050 m. WC
phantina albicans Thunb. = Otholobium argenteum
elephantorrhiza (DC.) Spreng. = Elephantorrhiza ele- algoensis Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium bracteolatum
phantina angustifolia Jacq.
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Priestleya

Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 330–1200 foliosa Oliv. var. gazensis Baker f. = Otholobium folio-
m. WC, EC sum subsp. gazense
aphylla L. fruticans (L.) Druce = Otholobium fruticans
P. decidua P.J.Bergius (1)
glaucescens Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Reseeding or resprouting shrub. Ht up to 4
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 760–1260 m. NC,
m. Alt 80–1460 m. WC
WC
aphylla L. × P. pinnata L.
glaucina Harv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 250–1050 m. P. axillaris Eckl. & Zeyh., not of L. (1)
WC, EC Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 0–500 m. WC
argentea Thunb. = Otholobium argenteum glabra E.Mey.
arborea Sims P. pinnata L. var. glabra (E.Mey.) Harv. (9)
P. latifolia (Harv.) C.H.Stirt. (10) Perennial. Subshrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 0–300 m.
P. pinnata L. var. latifolia Harv. (9) KZN
Perennial. Shrub or subshrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 30– gueinzii Harv.
330 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Subshrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 100–1250 m.
asarina (P.J.Bergius) T.M.Salter WC
Hallia asarina (P.J.Bergius) Thunb. (3)
Perennial. Prostrate shrublet. Length up to 0.6 m. Alt hamata Harv. = Otholobium hamatum
20–1400 m. WC heterosepala Fourc. = Otholobium heterosepalum
axillaris Eckl. & Zeyh., not of L. = P. glaucina hilaris Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium racemosum
axillaris L. hirta L. = Otholobium hirtum
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 330–800 m. WC, holubii Burtt Davy = Cullen holubii
EC imbricata (L.) T.M.Salter
biflora Harv. = Cullen biflora Hallia imbricata (L.) Thunb. (3)
biovulata Bolus = Amphithalea biovulata Perennial. Resprouting shrublet. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt
bituminosa L. = Bituminaria bituminosa 180–800 m. WC
bolusii H.M.L.Forbes = Otholobium bolusii involucrata Thunb. = Polhillia involucrata
bowieana Harv. = Otholobium bowieanum jaubertiana Fenzl = Cullen jaubertiana
bracteolata Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium bracteolatum keetii Schönland
caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium caffrum Perennial. Resprouting shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 830–
1560 m. WC, EC
candicans Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium candicans
canescens Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium canescens latifolia (Harv.) C.H.Stirt. = P. arborea
carnea E.Mey. = Otholobium carneum laxa T.M.Salter
Hallia virgata Thunb. (3)
cataracta C.H.Stirt.
Hallia filiformis Harv. (5) Perennial. Prostrate shrublet. Length up to 0.4 m. Alt
Perennial. Prostrate shrublet. Length up to 0.6 m. Alt 30–1160 m. WC
150–600 m. WC linearis Burm.f. = Aspalathus linearis
cephalotes E.Mey. = Otholobium uncinatum macradenia Harv. = Otholobium macradenium
cordata (L.) Salter = P. monophylla
monophylla (L.) C.H.Stirt.
corylifolia L. = Cullen corylifolia Hallia cordata (L.) Thunb. (5)
cuneifolia Dum.Cours. = Otholobium fruticans P. cordata (L.) Salter (5)
cytisoides L. = Indigofera cytisoides Perennial. Resprouting shrublet. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt
decidua P.J.Bergius = P. aphylla 230–1700 m. WC
decumbens Aiton = Otholobium virgatum mundiana Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium mundianum
decumbens Willd. = Otholobium mundianum obliqua E.Mey. = Otholobium obliquum
densa E.Mey. = Otholobium acuminatum
diffusa Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. repens obtusifolia DC. = Cullen tomentosum
drupacea Bunge = Cullen drupacea odorata Blatt. & Halb. = Cullen plicata
eckloniana Otto = Otholobium striatum odoratissima Jacq.
ensifolia (Houtt.) Merr. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 300–1330 m. WC
Perennial. Resprouting shrub. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 0– oligophylla Eckl. & Zeyh.
1250 m. WC, EC Perennial. Resprouting shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 0–
fascicularis DC. 1850 m. WC, EC
P. thunbergiana Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) oreophila Schltr.
Perennial. Resprouting shrub. Ht up to 2.5 m. Alt 100– Perennial. Shrublet. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 460–1660 m.
600 m. WC WC
filifolia Thunb. parviflora E.Mey. = Otholobium parviflorum
Perennial. Resprouting shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 0–750
m. WC patersoniae Schönland = Cullen corylifolia
FABACEAE Psoralea DICOTYLEDONS

pedunculata Ker Gawl. = Otholobium sericeum wilmsii Harms = Otholobium wilmsii

peratica C.H.Stirt. zeyheri Harv. = Otholobium zeyheri
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 5 m. Alt 500–750 m.
WC PTEROCARPUS Jacq. 3828000
pinnata L. Compiled by H.F. Glen
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 230–1060 (1) Phillips. 1936. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 16: t. 622.
m. WC (2) Polhill. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, part 3: 81–91.
(3) Rojo. 1971. Phanerogamarum Monographiae 5: 1–119.
pinnata L. var. glabra (E.Mey.) Harv. = P. glabra (4) Ross. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1700.
pinnata L. var. latifolia Harv. = P. arborea angolensis DC.
plauta C.H.Stirt. P. bussei Harms (2)
Hallia flaccida Thunb. (5) Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–20 m. Alt 300–1550 m. N, LIM,
Perennial. Prostrate shrublet. Length up to 0.6 m. Alt M, S, KZN
240–1500 m. WC, EC antunesii (Taub.) Harms = P. lucens subsp. antunesii
plicata Delile = Cullen plicata bussei Harms = P. angolensis
polyphylla Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium polyphyllum
lucens Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr. subsp. antunesii (Taub.)
polysticta Benth. ex Harv. = Otholobium polystictum Rojo
racemosa Thunb. = Otholobium racemosum P. antunesii (Taub.) Harms (3)
repens L. Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–18 m. Alt 300–1150 m. N, B,
P. diffusa Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) LIM
Perennial. Prostrate shrublet. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 0–50 peltaria DC. = Wiborgia fusca subsp. fusca
m. WC, EC polyanthus Harms = P. rotundifolius subsp. polyanthus
restioides Eckl. & Zeyh. rotundifolius (Sond.) Druce subsp. polyanthus (Harms)
Perennial. Reseeding shrublet. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 30– Mendonça & E.C.Sousa
960 m. WC P. polyanthus Harms (2)
rotundifolia L.f. = Otholobium rotundifolium Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–20 m. Alt 850–1000 m. N, B
royffei H.M.L.Forbes = Otholobium caffrum rotundifolius (Sond.) Druce subsp. rotundifolius
rupicola Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium striatum Dalbergia rotundifolia Sond. (2)
sericea Poir. = Otholobium sericeum
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
spathulata E.Mey. = Otholobium mundianum
speciosa Eckl. & Zeyh. PTEROLOBIUM R.Br. ex 3553000
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 600–1200 m. WC, Wight & Arn.
EC Compiled by T. Nkonki
spicata L. = Otholobium spicatum (1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 114–117.
stachydis L.f. = Otholobium hirtum (2) Ross. 1982. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1858.
stachyera Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium stachyerum exosum (J.F.Gmel.) Baker f. = P. stellatum
stachyos Thunb. = Otholobium hirtum lacerans R.Br. = P. stellatum
stricta Thunb. = Otholobium striatum stellatum (Forssk.) Brenan
Acacia stellata (Forssk.) Willd. (1)
tenuifolia L. Cantuffa exosa J.F.Gmel. (1)
Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht up to 5 m. Alt 260–830 m. Mimosa stellata Forssk. (1)
WC P. exosum (J.F.Gmel.) Baker f. (1)
P. lacerans R.Br. (1)
tenuissima E.Mey. Quartinia abyssinica A.Rich. (1)
Perennial. Shrublet. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 960–1330 m. Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 250–1550
WC m. LIM, M
tetragonoloba L. = Cyamopsis tetragonoloba
PTYCHOLOBIUM Harms 3717010
thomii Harv. = Otholobium thomii
thunbergiana Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. fascicularis
(1) Brummitt. 1965. Regnum Vegetabile 40: 24.
tomentosum Thunb. = Otholobium sericeum
biflorum (E.Mey.) Brummitt subsp. angolensis (Baker)
triantha E.Mey. = Otholobium trianthum Brummitt
triflora Poir. = Otholobium trianthum Sylitra angolensis Baker (1)
triflora Thunb. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 420–
Perennial. Resprouting shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 100– 1665 m. N
1000 m. WC, EC biflorum (E.Mey.) Brummitt subsp. biflorum
Sylitra biflora E.Mey. (1)
uncinata Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium uncinatum
venusta Eckl. & Zeyh. = Otholobium venustum 1442 m. N, NC
verrucosa Willd. contortum (N.E.Br.) Brummitt
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 400–1600 m. WC, Sylitra contorta (N.E.Br.) Baker f. (1)
EC Tephrosia contorta N.E.Br. (1)
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Psoralea

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 275– Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.15 m. Alt ?–2100 m. WC
1100 m. B, LIM angulata Thunb. subsp. thunbergii (Harv.) G.J.Campbell
plicatum (Oliv.) Harms subsp. plicatum & B.-E.van Wyk
Tephrosia plicata Oliv. (3) R. filifolia Thunb. in part. (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 244– R. thunbergii Harv. (3)
1129 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1.5 m. Alt? WC
angulata Thunb. var. angustifolia (Thunb.) E.Mey. = R.
*PUERARIA DC. 3889000 angulata subsp. angulata
Compiled by T. Nkonki angulata Thunb. var. filifolia (Thunb.) E.Mey. = R.
(1) Ohwi. 1965. Flora of Japan: 570. angulata subsp. angulata
(2) Maesen. 1985. Agricultural University of Wageningen, Papers
85-1: 1–132. angulata Thunb. var. latifolia Harv. = R. angulata var.
angulata
ficifolia (Benth.) L.Bolus = Neorautanenia ficifolius
axillaris in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. = R.
lobata (Willd.) Ohwi var. lobata
Dolichos hirsutus Thunb. (2) crassifolia
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 30 m. Alt 750–1000 axillaris Thunb. = R. elliptica
m. M capensis (L.) Schinz subsp. capensis
PUSAETHA L. ex Kuntze 3468030 1829 m. WC
wahlbergii (Harv.) Kuntze = Entada wahlbergii capensis (L.) Schinz subsp. calycina G.J.Campbell &
B.-E.van Wyk
QUARTINIA A.Rich. 3553020 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 610–793 m. WC
abyssinica A.Rich. = Pterolobium stellatum capensis (L.) Schinz subsp. carinata G.J.Campbell &
B.-E.van Wyk
RAFNIA Thunb. 3654000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 960–1450 m. WC
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo capensis (L.) Schinz subsp. dichotoma (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
(1) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 31–39. G.J.Campbell & B.-E.van Wyk
(2) Schinz. 1894. Bulletin de l’Herbier Boissier 2: 183–228. R. dichotoma Eckl. & Zeyh. (3)
(3) Campbell & Van Wyk. 2001. South African Journal of Botany 67: R. gibba (E.Mey.) Druce (3)
90–149. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 1128–1800 m. WC
acuminata (E.Mey.) G.J.Campbell & B.-E.van Wyk capensis (L.) Schinz subsp. elsieae G.J.Campbell & B.-
Borbonia perfoliata Thunb. (3)
R. perfoliata of author, not of (L.) Willd. (3) E.van Wyk
Vascoa perfoliata (Thunb.) DC. var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Walp. (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 1525–1678
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt? WC m. WC
affinis Harv. = R. elliptica capensis (L.) Schinz subsp. ovata (P.J.Bergius) G.J.Camp-
alata G.J.Campbell & B.-E.van Wyk bell & B.-E.van Wyk
R. cuneifolia Thunb. (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 30–1830 m. WC R. cuneifolia Thunb. var. lanceolata Harv. (3)
alpina Eckl. & Zeyh. = R. triflora R. cuneifolia Thunb. var. obovata Harv., superfluous name (3)
R. cuneifolia Thunb. var. rhomboidea (E.Mey.) Harv. (3)
amplexicaulis Thunb. R. ovata (P.J.Bergius) Schinz (3)
Crotalaria amplexicaulis L. (3) R. rhomboidea (E.Mey.) Walp. (3)
Crotalaria reniformis Lam. (3) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–3 m. Alt 244–1037 m. WC
R. virens E.Mey. (3)
Vascoa amplexicaulis DC. (1) capensis (L.) Schinz subsp. pedicellata G.J.Campbell
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 30–1295 m. NC, & B.-E.van Wyk
WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.35–0.5 m. Alt 30–458 m.
angulata Thunb. subsp. angulata WC
R. angulata Thunb. var. angustifolia (Thunb.) E.Mey. cordata Eckl. & Zeyh. = R. capensis subsp. ovata
R. angulata Thunb. var. filifolia (Thunb.) E.Mey.
R. angulata Thunb. var. latifolia Harv. cordata (L.) Mart. = R. triflora
R. filifolia Thunb. in part. (3) crassifolia Harv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–2.2 m. Alt 75–2100 m. R. axillaris in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. (3)
angulata Thunb. subsp. ericifolia (T.M.Salter) 610 m. WC
G.J.Campbell & B.-E.van Wyk crispa C.H.Stirt.
R. ericifolia T.M.Salter (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ?–92 m. WC
cuneifolia in sense of E.Mey., not of Thunb. = R. elliptica
angulata Thunb. subsp. humilis (Eckl. & Zeyh.)
cuneifolia Thunb. = R. capensis subsp. ovata
G.J.Campbell & B.-E.van Wyk
R. humilis Eckl. & Zeyh. (3) cuneifolia Thunb. var. lanceolata Harv. = R. capensis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt? WC subsp. ovata
angulata Thunb. subsp. montana G.J.Campbell & B.- cuneifolia Thunb. var. obovata Harv., superfluous name
E.van Wyk = R. capensis subsp. ovata
FABACEAE Ptycholobium DICOTYLEDONS

cuneifolia Thunb. var. rhomboidea (E.Mey.) Harv. = R. retroflexa in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. = R.
capensis subsp. ovata elliptica
dichotoma Eckl. & Zeyh. = R. capensis subsp. dicho- retroflexa Thunb. var. β Thunb. ex Kies, naked name =
toma Cyclopia sessiliflora
diffusa Eckl. & Zeyh. = R. triflora rhomboidea (E.Mey.) Walp. = R. capensis subsp. ovata
diffusa Thunb. rostrata G.J.Campbell & B.-E.van Wyk subsp. pluri-
R. retroflexa in sense of Benth. (3) flora G.J.Campbell & B.-E.van Wyk
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt 30– Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
1219 m. WC rostrata G.J.Campbell & B.-E.van Wyk subsp. rostrata
divaricata Eckl. & Zeyh. ms. (never published) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.3 m. Alt 976–1800 m.
elliptica Thunb. WC
R. affinis Harv. (3) schlechteriana Schinz
R. axillaris Thunb. (3)
R. cuneifolia in sense of E.Mey., not of Thunb. (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 300–1400
R. elliptica Benth. (1) m. WC
R. elliptica Thunb. var. acuminata Harv. (3) spicata Thunb.
R. elliptica Thunb. var. erecta Harv. (3)
R. elliptica Thunb. var. intermedia (Walp.) Harv. (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 488–1400
R. erecta in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. (3) m. WC
R. intermedia Benth. (1) thunbergii Harv. = R. angulata subsp. thunbergii
R. intermedia Vogel ex Walp. (3)
R. retroflexa in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. (3) triflora Thunb.
R. alpina Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 30–1341 m. KZN, R. cordata (L.) Mart. (3)
WC, EC R. diffusa Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
elliptica Benth. = R. elliptica R. fastigiata Eckl. & Zeyh. (3)
elliptica Thunb. var. acuminata Harv. = R. elliptica Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 10–915 m. KZN,
WC
elliptica Thunb. var. erecta Harv. = R. elliptica
virens E.Mey. = R. amplexicaulis
elliptica Thunb. var. intermedia (Walp.) Harv. = R. vlokii G.J.Campbell & B.-E.van Wyk
elliptica Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–2 m. Alt? WC
erecta in sense of Eckl. & Zeyh., not of Thunb. = R.
elliptica REICHARDIA Roth 3553030
ericifolia T.M.Salter = R. angulata subsp. ericifolia decapetala Roth = Caesalpinia decapetala
fastigiata Eckl. & Zeyh. = R. triflora
REQUIENIA DC. 3718010
filifolia Thunb. in part = R. angulata subsp. angulata Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo
filifolia Thunb. in part = R. angulata subsp. thunbergii (1) Schreiber. 1970. FSWA 60: 99, 100.
gibba (E.Mey.) Druce = R. capensis subsp. dichotoma pseudosphaerosperma (Schinz) Brummitt
Tephrosia pseudosphaerosperma Schinz (2)
globosa G.J.Campbell & B.-E.van Wyk
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 488–820 m. Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.9–1.5 m. Alt 885–1300 m.
WC N, B, LIM, NW
sphaerosperma DC.
humilis Eckl. & Zeyh. = R. angulata subsp. humilis Tephrosia sphaerosperma (DC.) Baker (2)
inaequalis G.J.Campbell & B.-E.van Wyk Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 900–1485 m. N, B,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1 m. Alt? WC NW, FS, NC
intermedia Benth. = R. elliptica
RHYNCHOSIA Lour. 3897000
intermedia Vogel ex Walp. = R. elliptica Compiled by G. Germishuizen
lancea Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Bolus. 1906. Transactions of the South African Philosophical
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt ?–61 m. Society 16: 383, 384.
WC (2) Brown. 1906. Kew Bulletin 1906: 103.
(3) Baker. 1921. Bothalia 1: 113–138.
meyeri Schinz = R. ovata (4) Killick. 1967. The Flowering Plants of Africa 38: t. 1497.
ovata E.Mey. (5) Schreiber. 1970. FSWA 60: 100–106.
R. meyeri Schinz. (6) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, part 4: 711–761.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1.2 m. Alt? WC (7) Germishuizen. 1987. Bothalia 17: 181, 182.
ovata (P.J.Bergius) Schinz = R. capensis subsp. ovata tropicale 2: 112–114.
perfoliata of author, not of (L.) Willd. = R. acuminata (9) Germishuizen & Condy. 1994. Flowering Plants of Africa 53:
32–35, t. 2087.
racemosa Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. pumila G.J.Campbell (10) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 465–467.
& B.-E.van Wyk (11) Germishuizen. 1998. Bothalia 28: 58–60.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? WC (12) Verdcourt. 1999. Kew Bulletin 55: 137–146.
(13) Germishuizen & Schutte. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia
racemosa Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. racemosa 9: 509, 510.
adenodes Eckl. & Zeyh.
retroflexa in sense of Benth. = R. diffusa R. amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh. (3)
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Rafnia

Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 10–2195 confusa Burtt Davy

m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC R. nervosa Benth. & Harv. var. pauciflora Harv. (3)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 370–1560
albiflora (Sims) Alston = R. hirta
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, FS
albissima Gand.
congestiflora Schinz = R. caribaea
Perennial. Subshrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 90–1250
m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN connata Baker f. (insufficiently known)
Perennial. Climber. Ht? Alt? KZN
amatymbica Eckl. & Zeyh. = R. adenodes
cooperi (Harv. ex Baker f.) Burtt Davy
angulosa Schinz
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 260–1830 m. KZN,
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt 915–1450 m. M, S
L, EC
angustifolia (Jacq.)DC.
R. uniflora Harv. (3) crassifolia Benth.
R. longipes Harms (3)
Perennial. Climbing shrub. Ht? Alt? WC
Perennial. Herb, procumbent, climber. Ht 0.2–0.3 m.
argentea (Thunb.) Harv. Alt 610–1525 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
Glycine argentea Thunb. (3)
Perennial. Climbing shrub. Ht? Alt 360–1280 m. WC, cyanosperma Baker = R. hirta
EC densiflora (Roth) DC. subsp. chrysadenia (Taub.) Verdc.
R. chrysadenia Taub. (6)
arida C.H.Stirt. R. fischeri Harms (6)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 260–450 m. WC Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 150–1372
atropurpurea Germish. m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
Perennial. Shrub, herb, climber. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? desertorum Harms = R. fleckii
LIM, NW, M
dieterlenae Baker f.
bullata Benth. ex Harv. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt ?–1830 m. L
NC, WC dinteri Schinz = R. namaensis
cajanoides Guill. & Perr. = Eriosema psoraleoides dregei (E.Mey.) Steud. = Eriosema dregei
calvescens Meikle emarginata Germish.
R. caribaea in sense of Baker f., not of (Jacq.) DC. in part (3) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 460–840 m. NC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 155–855 ferulifolia Benth. ex Harv.
m. KZN, EC Perennial. Subshrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 15–380 m.
candida (Welw. ex Hiern) Torre WC
R. memnonia (Delile) DC. var. candida (Welw. ex Hiern) Baker f. (5) ficifolia Benth. = Neorautanenia ficifolius
fischeri Harms = R. densiflora subsp. chrysadenia
750 m. N
fleckii Schinz
capensis (Burm.f.) Schinz R. desertorum Harms (5)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 6–1275 m. R. oligantha Harms (5)
WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? N
caribaea in sense of Baker f., not of (Jacq.) DC. in part foliosa Markötter (insufficiently known)
= R. calvescens Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? KZN
caribaea in sense of F.White, not of (Jacq.) DC. = R. galpinii Baker f.
stipitata Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt 245–876 m. LIM,
caribaea (Jacq.) DC. M, KZN
Glycine caribaea Jacq. (5) grandifolia Steud. (insufficiently known)
R. congestiflora Schinz (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? EC
harmsiana Schltr. ex Zahlbr. var. burchellii Burtt Davy
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt? EC
chrysadenia Taub. = R. densiflora subsp. chrysadenia harmsiana Schltr. ex Zahlbr. var. harmsiana
chrysantha Schltr. ex Zahlbr. (insufficiently known) Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 365–1981
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN m. LIM, G, S, KZN, WC, EC
chrysoscias Benth. ex Harv. harveyi Eckl. & Zeyh.
Chrysoscias grandiflora E.Mey. (3) Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 90–1525
Perennial. Climbing, resprouting shrub. Ht up to 1 m. m. KZN, EC
Alt 154–700 m. WC, EC hirsuta Eckl. & Zeyh.
ciliata (Thunb.) Schinz Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 10–2285 m.
Perennial. Resprouting shrublet or dwarf shrub. Ht LIM, G, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
0.05–0.3 m. Alt 215–1980 m. WC, EC hirsuta Schinz = R. venulosa
clivorum S.Moore var. clivorum
Flemingia macrocalyx Baker f. (6) hirta (Andrews) Meikle & Verdc.
Dolichos hirtus Andrews (6)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–3 m. Alt 610–2000 m. R. albiflora (Sims) Alston (6)
LIM, M, S R. cyanosperma Baker (6)
FABACEAE Rhynchosia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 2–8 m. Alt 755–1065 m. pentheri Schltr. ex Zahlbr. var. hutchinsoniana Burtt
LIM, M Davy
holosericea Schinz Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Ht? Alt? G, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 915–1372 m. N, B, pentheri Schltr. ex Zahlbr. var. pentheri
NW, FS, NC Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Ht 0.25–0.7 m. Alt 36–
jacottetii Schinz = R. reptabunda 2000 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, EC
komatiensis Harms pinnata Harv.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1.2 m. Alt 303–1435 m. Perennial. Subshrub. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 5–45 m. WC
LIM, M, S prostrata Suess., illegitimate name = R. monophylla
leucoscias Benth. ex Harv. reptabunda N.E.Br.
Chrysoscias calucina E.Mey. (3) R. jacottetii Schinz (7)
Cylista argentea Eckl. & Zeyh. (3) Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 245–
Perennial. Climbing shrub. Ht? Alt 15–1030 m. WC, 2200 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
EC
reptans Suess. = R. monophylla
longipes Harms = R. crassifolia
resinosa (A.Rich.) Baker
memnonia (Delile) DC. var. candida (Welw. ex Hiern) Fagelia resinosa A.Rich. (6)
Baker f. = R. candida Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt ?–1220
memnonia (Delile) DC. var. prostrata Harv. = R. mini- m. N, B, LIM
ma var. prostrata rogersii Schinz
microscias Benth. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt ?–1220 m. M
Chrysoscias parviflora E.Mey. (3)
Perennial. Climbing shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 155– rudolfii Harms (insufficiently known)
1065 m. WC, EC schlechteri Baker f.
minima (L.) DC. var. falcata (E.Mey.) Verdc. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 3 m. Alt 540–600 m. NC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt? N, B, LIM, NW, M, sigmoides Benth. ex Harv. = R. villosa
S, KZN sordida (E.Mey.) Schinz
minima (L.) DC. var. minima Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–2 m. Alt
Dolichos minimus L. (6) 45–1740 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 30–2440 m. N, B,
spectabilis Schinz
LIM, NW, M, S, KZN
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.45–2.4 m.
minima (L.) DC. var. prostrata (Harv.) Meikle Alt 305–1645 m. LIM, M
R. memnonia (Delile) DC. var. prostrata Harv. (6)
Perennial. Herb, climber, prostrate. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 30– sphaerocephala Baker = Dolichos sericeus subsp. seri-
1669 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC ceus
monophylla Schltr. stenodon Baker f.
R. monophylla Schltr. var. eylesii Baker f. (6) Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 460–1935 m. KZN
R. prostrata Suess., illegitimate name (6) stipitata Verdc.
R. reptans Suess. (6) R. caribaea in sense of F.White, not of (Jacq.) DC. (12)
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt Perennial. Climber. Ht 1.4–2 m. Alt? B
610–2050 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
sublobata (Schumach.) Meikle
monophylla Schltr. var. eylesii Baker f. = R. monophylla Glycine sublobata Schumach. (6)
namaensis Schinz Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 155–1740
R. dinteri Schinz (5) m. N, B, LIM, M, S
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–1163 m. N
thorncroftii (Baker f.) Burtt Davy
nervosa Benth. & Harv. var. nervosa Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 915–1824 m.
Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Ht? Alt 15–2440 m. LIM, LIM, M, S
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
totta (Thunb.) DC. var. totta
nervosa Benth. & Harv. var. pauciflora Harv. = R. confusa Glycine totta Thunb. (6)
nervosa Benth. & Harv. var. petiolata Burtt Davy Perennial. Herb, climber. Alt 50–2090 m. N, B, LIM,
(insufficiently known) NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? G uniflora Harv. = R. angustifolia
nitens Benth. vendae C.H.Stirt.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 155–1700 m. LIM, Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt 490–670
NW, G, M, S, KZN m. LIM
oligantha Harms = R. fleckii venulosa (Hiern) K.Schum.
ovata J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans Dolichos venulosus Hiern (5)
R. hirsuta Schinz (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 30–1035 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 55–1725
pauciflora Bolus m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ?–1470 m. M, S
villosa (Meisn.) Druce
peglerae Baker f. Eriosema villosum (Meisn.) C.A.Sm. (9)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ?–460 m. EC R. sigmoides Benth. ex Harv. (3)
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Rhynchosia

Perennial. Herb, prostrate. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 800–1950 Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–16 m. Alt 25–1800 m. LIM, G,
m. M, KZN, EC M, S, KZN, EC
viscidula Steud. brachypetala Sond. var. pubescens Burtt Davy = S.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 1220 brachypetala
m. NC, WC capitata Bolle
woodii Schinz S. tamarindifolia Afzel. ex Sims var. forbesiana Baill. (3)
S. transvaalensis Rolfe (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 600–2000 m. LIM, Theodora capitata (Bolle) Taub. (3)
M, S, KZN Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–9 m. Alt 50–1250 m. M,
*ROBINIA L. 3733000 S, KZN, EC
Compiled by T. Nkonki cuneifolia Gand. = S. latifolia
(1) Ball. 1968. Flora europaea 2: 106. diversifolia Walp. = S. latifolia
(2) Isely & Peabody. 1984. Castanea 49: 187–202. latifolia Jacq.
(3) Cullen. 1995. European garden flora 4: 489, 490. Omphalobium schotia J.Jacq. ex DC. (3)
pseudoacacia L. S. cuneifolia Gand. (3)
S. diversifolia Walp. (3)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–25 m. Alt 1050–2000 Theodora latifolia (Jacq.) Taub. (5)
m. G, FS, KZN Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.6–10 m. Alt 0–1250 m. LIM, M,
subdecandra L’Hér. = Calpurnia aurea subsp. aurea KZN, WC, EC
uliginosa Willd. = Derris trifoliata latifolia Jacq. × S. afra (L.) Thunb. form A
S. speciosa Jacq. var. ovalifolia Harv. (3)
ROTHIA Pers. 3659000 S. stipulata W.T.Aiton (3)
Theodora stipulata (W.T.Aiton) Eckl. & Zeyh. (5)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 0–750 m. WC,
(1) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, part 4: 811–813.
EC
hirsuta (Guill. & Perr.) Baker latifolia Jacq. × S. afra (L.) Thunb. form B
Lotononis desertorum Dummer (1)
Xerocarpus hirsutus Guill. & Perr. (1) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–8 m. Alt 0–350 m. EC
Annual. Herb. Ht ?–0.15 m. Alt 409–518 m. N, LIM parvifolia Jacq. = S. afra var. afra
rogersii Burtt Davy = S. brachypetala
SARCOCALYX Walp. 3662080 semireducta Merxm. = S. brachypetala
capensis Walp. = Aspalathus capensis speciosa Jacq. = S. afra var. afra
SARCOPHYLLUS Thunb. 3662090 speciosa Jacq. var. ovalifolia Harv. = S. latifolia × S.
afra form A
carnosus Thunb. = Aspalathus capensis speciosa Jacq. var. tamarindifolia (Afzel. ex Sims) Harv.
= S. afra var. afra
SAROTHAMNUS St.-Lag. 3682010
stipulata W.T.Aiton = S. latifolia × S. afra form A
scoparius (L.) Wimm. ex W.D.J.Koch = Cytisus sco- tamarindifolia Afzel. ex Sims = S. afra var. afra
parius
tamarindifolia Afzel. ex Sims var. forbesiana Baill. = S.
SCHOTIA Jacq. 3506000 capitata
Compiled by H.F. Glen transvaalensis Rolfe = S. capitata
(2) Dyer. 1940. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 20: t. 777. SCYTALISE E.Mey. 3905010
(3) Codd. 1956. Bothalia 6: 515–533.
(4) Codd. 1973. The Flowering Plants of Africa 42: t. 1665. tenuis E.Mey. var. ovata E.Mey. = Vigna unguiculata
(5) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 23–33. subsp. tenuis var. ovata
afra (L.) Thunb. var. afra
Guajacum afrum L. (3) SENNA Mill. 3536020
S. parvifolia Jacq. (5) Compiled by H.F. Glen
S. speciosa Jacq. (3)
S. speciosa Jacq. var. tamarindifolia (Afzel. ex Sims) Harv. (3) (1) Gordon-Gray. 1977. FSA 16,2: 69–108.
S. tamarindifolia Afzel. ex Sims (3) (2) Samant & Shete. 1987. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of
Theodora speciosa Medik. (3) Science 97: 337–346.
(3) Lock. 1988. Kew Bulletin 43: 333–342.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–7 m. Alt 0–750 m. WC, (4) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 36–40.
EC (5) Luckow. 1996. Baileya 23: 195–241.
afra (L.) Thunb. var. angustifolia (E.Mey.) Harv. *bicapsularis (L.) Roxb.
S. angustifolia E.Mey. (3) Cassia bicapsularis L. (3)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2.7–6 m. Alt 125–1250 m. Cassia transversali-seminata De Wild. (3)
N, NC, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt 0–700 m. M, S,
angustifolia E.Mey. = S. afra var. angustifolia KZN
brachypetala Sond. *corymbosa (Lam.) Irwin & Barneby
S. brachypetala Sond. var. pubescens Burtt Davy (5) Cassia corymbosa Lam. (3)
S. rogersii Burtt Davy (3) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 700–1450 m. G, M,
S. semireducta Merxm. (3) KZN, EC
FABACEAE Rhynchosia DICOTYLEDONS

*didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin & Barneby *siamea (Lam.) Irwin & Barneby
Cassia didymobotrya Fresen. (3) Cassia siamea Lam. (3)
Cassia nairobensis Aggeler & Musser (3) Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–12 m. Alt 250–1250 m. M, S,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–7 m. Alt 0–1350 m. LIM, G, KZN
M, S, KZN, WC, EC singueana (Delile) Lock
*hirsuta (L.) Irwin & Barneby Cassia goratensis Fresen. (3)
Cassia hirsuta L. (3) Cassia singueana Delile (3)
Cassia tomentosa in sense of H.M.L.Forbes, misapplied name (3) Cassia sinqueana in sense of author, not of Delile, orthographic
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.7 m. Alt 0–700 m. M, KZN error, misapplied name (3)
Cassia zanzibarensis Vatke (3)
italica Mill. subsp. arachoides (Burch.) Lock
Cassia arachoides Burch. (3) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 1100–1950 m. N
Cassia italica (Mill.) Lam. ex F.W.Andrews subsp. arachoides
(Burch.) Brenan (3) SESBANIA Scop. 3747000
Cassia obovata Collad. var. mucronata Burtt Davy (3) Compiled by H.F. Glen
Cassia obovata Collad. var. pilosa Burtt Davy (3)
(1) Phillips & Hutchinson. 1921. Bothalia 1: 40–56.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 50–1450 m. N, B, (2) Gillett. 1963. Kew Bulletin 17: 91–159.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC (3) Gillett. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae 3: 330–351.
italica Mill. subsp. micrantha (Brenan) Lock (4) Ross. 1982. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1856.
Cassia italica (Mill.) Lam. ex F.W.Andrews subsp. micrantha (5) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 460–464.
Brenan (3) (6) Burkart. 1967. Flora de la Provincia de Buenos Aires 3:
Cassia obovata Collad. var. pallidiflora Dinter (3) 497–500.
(7) Burkart. 1951. Darwiniana 9: 387–396.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 850–1250 m. N, B
*multiglandulosa (Jacq.) Irwin & Barneby aculeata (Willd.) Pers. = S. bispinosa var. bispinosa
Cassia multiglandulosa Jacq. (5) aegyptiaca in sense of Baker, misapplied name = S. ses-
Cassia tomentosa L.f. (3) ban subsp. sesban var. nubica
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.8–7.5 m. Alt 35–2200 m. G,
FS, KZN, WC, EC aegyptiaca Pers. = S. sesban subsp. sesban var. sesban
*multijuga (Rich.) Irwin & Barneby aegypticus Poir. = S. sesban subsp. sesban var. sesban
Cassia multijuga Rich. (3) *bispinosa (Jacq.) W.Wight var. bispinosa
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–9 m. Alt 1100–1200 m. S S. aculeata (Willd.) Pers. (2)
*obtusifolia (L.) Irwin & Barneby Biennial. Tree, herb. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 50–1350 m. N, B,
Cassia obtusifolia L. (3) LIM, NW, M, S, KZN
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 850– brevipedunculata J.B.Gillett
1050 m. N, B, M Annual. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 850–1400 m. B, LIM,
*occidentalis (L.) Link NW
Cassia occidentalis L. (3)
cinerascens in sense of Baker, misapplied name = S.
Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt macrantha var. levis
0–1550 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
cinerascens Welw. ex Baker
*pendula (Willd.) Irwin & Barneby var. glabrata Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 2.5–5 m. Alt 850–1100 m.
(Vogel) Irwin & Barneby
Cassia coluteoides Collad. (3) N, B
Cassia indecora Kunth var. glabrata Vogel (3) coerulescens Harms
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 0–1350 m. N, LIM, G, S. hookii De Wild. (2)
M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 3–5 m. Alt 850–1100 m. N
petersiana (Bolle) Lock hamata E.Phillips & Hutch. = S. tetraptera
Cassia delagoensis Harv. (3)
Cassia petersiana Bolle (3) hookii De Wild. = S. coerulescens
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.8–7 m. Alt 50–1200 m. kirkii E.Phillips & Hutch. = S. tetraptera
LIM, M, S, KZN macowaniana Schinz
*septemtrionalis (Viv.) Irwin & Barneby Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 800–1250 m. N, B,
Cassia floribunda in sense of Brenan, not of Cav., misapplied name LIM
(3)
Cassia laevigata Willd. (3) macrantha E.Phillips & Hutch. var. levis J.B.Gillett
Cassia septemtrionalis Viv. (5) S. cinerascens in sense of Baker, misapplied name (3)
Perennial. Tree, shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–4.5 m. Alt Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 150–1800 m. LIM, G,
0–1850 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC M, S, KZN
septemtrionalis (Viv.) Irwin & Barneby × S. bicapsu- macrantha E.Phillips & Hutch. var. macrantha
laris (L.) Roxb. Perennial. Tree, herb. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 150–1800 m. LIM,
Cassia floribunda in sense of Brenan, not of Cav. × C. bicapsularis G, M
L. (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 500–1250 m. M marginata Benth. = S. virgata
septemtrionalis (Viv.) Irwin & Barneby × S. multi- microphylla E.Phillips & Hutch.
S. mossambicensis in sense of E.Phillips & Hutch., misapplied name
glandulosa (Jacq.) Irwin & Barneby (3)
Cassia floribunda in sense of Brenan, not of Cav. × C. tomentosa
L.f. (3) Annual. Herb. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 850–1100 m. N, B
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 0–900 m. KZN, mossambicensis in sense of E.Phillips & Hutch., misap-
WC, EC plied name = S. microphylla
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Senna

notialis J.B.Gillett aurea Aiton = Calpurnia aurea subsp. aurea

Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.9 m. Alt 1150–1550 m. NW, capensis L. = Virgilia oroboides subsp. oroboides
FS, NC
galioides P.J.Bergius = Cyclopia galioides
pachycarpa DC. subsp. dinterana J.B.Gillett
genistoides L. = Cyclopia genistoides var. genistoides
Annual. Herb. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 200–1500 m. N
genistoides Thunb. = Cyclopia galioides
pachycarpa DC. subsp. pachycarpa
Annual. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 850–1500 m. N inhambanensis Klotzsch
S. nitens Harv. (2)
pterocarpa Welw. ex Romariz = S. sphaerosperma Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 0–50 m. KZN
*punicea (Cav.) Benth. *japonica L.
S. tripetii (Poit.) Hort. ex F.T.Hubb. (6)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–6 m. Alt 700–1500 m. G, FS, EC
Annual. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 0–1550 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC nitens Harv. = S. inhambanensis
rogersii E.Phillips & Hutch. oroboides P.J.Bergius = Virgilia oroboides subsp.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 175–275 m. M oroboides
rostrata Bremek. & Oberm. sylvatica Burch. = Calpurnia aurea subsp. aurea
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 900–1100 m.
B *SPARTIUM L. 3674000
sesban (L.) Merr. subsp. sesban var. nubica Chiov.
S. aegyptiaca in sense of Baker, misapplied name (2) (1) Heywood. 1968. Flora europaea 2: 101.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 0–1500 m. N, B, junceum L.
LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt 0–1500 m. G, M,
sesban (L.) Merr. subsp. sesban var. sesban WC, EC
S. aegyptiaca Pers. (3) sophoroides P.J.Bergius = Hypocalyptus sophoroides
S. aegypticus Poir. (3)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 150–1200 m. LIM, KZN SPHENOSTYLIS E.Mey. 3907000
sesban (L.) Merr. subsp. sesban var. zambesiaca Compiled by T. Nkonki
J.B.Gillett (1) Dyer. 1947. The Flowering Plants of Africa 26: t. 1010.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 500–1500 m. N, (2) Verdoorn. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 39: t. 1521.
B, LIM
angustifolia Sond.
sphaerocarpa Hiern = S. sphaerosperma Vigna angustifolia Benth. (1)
sphaerosperma Welw. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.8 m. Alt
S. pterocarpa Welw. ex Romariz (2) 105–2225 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN
S. sphaerocarpa Hiern (2)
marginata E.Mey. subsp. marginata
Annual. Herb. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 750–1200 m. N Vigna marginata (E.Mey.) Benth. (2)
tetraptera Hochst. ex Baker Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.15–1.8 m.
S. hamata E.Phillips & Hutch. (3) Alt 15–1280 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
S. kirkii E.Phillips & Hutch. (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 800–1100 m. B, LIM STIRTONANTHUS B.-E.van Wyk 3621020
transvaalensis J.B.Gillett & A.L.Schutte
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.8–2.5 m. Alt 1000–1450 m. LIM, Compiled by T. Nkonki
NW, G, M, FS (1) Van Wyk & Schutte. 1995. Nordic Journal of Botany 15: 67.
tripetii (Poit.) Hort. ex F.T.Hubb. = S. punicea chrysanthus (Adamson) B.-E.van Wyk & A.L.Schutte
*virgata (Cav.) Pers. Podalyria chrysantha Adamson (1)
S. marginata Benth. (7) Stirtonia chrysantha (Adamson) B.-E.van Wyk & A.L.Schutte (1)
Perennial, shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 0–600 m. EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt 900–1250 m. WC
insignis (Compton) B.-E.van Wyk & A.L.Schutte
SMITHIA Aiton 3796000 Podalyria insignis Compton (1)
Stirtonia insignis (Compton) B.-E.van Wyk & A.L.Schutte (1)
Compiled by T. Nkonki Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 600–900 m. WC
taylorianus (L.Bolus) B.-E.van Wyk & A.L.Schutte
erubescens (E.Mey.) Baker f. Podalyria tayloriana L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.75 m. Stirtonia tayloriana (L.Bolus) B.-E.van Wyk & A.L.Schutte (1)
Alt 305–2100 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt 850–1200 m.
parvifolia Burtt Davy = Kotschya parvifolia WC
thymodora Baker f. = Kotschya parvifolia STIRTONIA B.-E.van Wyk & 3621010
A.L.Schutte
SOPHORA L. 3602000
chrysantha (Adamson) B.-E.van Wyk & A.L.Schutte =
Stirtonanthus chrysanthus
(1) Brummitt & Gillett. 1966. Kirkia 5: 259–270.
(2) Polhill. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, part 3: 43–46. insignis (Compton) B.-E.van Wyk & A.L.Schutte =
(3) Cullen. 1995. European garden flora 4: 485, 486. Stirtonanthus insignis
FABACEAE Sesbania DICOTYLEDONS

tayloriana (L.Bolus) B.-E.van Wyk & A.L.Schutte = indica L.

Stirtonanthus taylorianus Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–25 m. Alt 0–1250 m. NW, KZN
STIZOLOBIUM Pers. 3877010 TARA Molina 3559040

deeringianum Bort = Mucuna pruriens var. utilis spinosa (Molina) Britton & Rose = Caesalpinia spinosa
niveum (Roxb.) Kuntze = Mucuna pruriens var. utilis
pruriens (L.) Medik. = Mucuna pruriens var. pruriens TELINA E.Mey. 3657070
varia E.Mey. = Lotononis varia
STYLOSANTHES Sw. 3802000
Compiled by T. Nkonki TEPHROSIA Pers. 3718000
(1) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24,1: 59. Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo
(2) Gillett et al. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae (part 3,1): 437.
(1) Baker. 1926. Leguminosae of tropical Africa 1: 170–215.
fruticosa (Retz.) Alston (2) Forbes. 1948. Bothalia 4: 951–1000.
Arachis fruticosa Retz. (2) (3) Gillett. 1958. Kew Bulletin 13: 111–132.
S. mucronata Willd. (2) (4) Brummitt. 1967. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 41: 219–393.
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 (5) Schrire. 1985. Bothalia 15: 551, 552.
(6) Schrire. 1987. Bothalia 17: 7–15.
m. Alt 15–1370 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, (7) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 367–386.
KZN (8) Schrire. 1991. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: t. 2036.
mucronata Willd. = S. fruticosa acaciifolia Baker
Cracca acaciaefolia Kuntze (2)
SUTHERLANDIA R.Br. ex 3754000 T. salicifolia Schinz (2)
W.T.Aiton Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ?–1210
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo m. N, LIM, G, M
(1) Phillips. 1925. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 5: t. 193. aemula (E.Mey.) Harv. = T. macropoda var. diffusa
(2) Phillips & Dyer. 1934. Revista sudamericana de botánica 1: 70–80.
aequilata Baker subsp. australis Brummitt
frutescens (L.) R.Br. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 1007–1538 m. LIM
Colutea frutescens L. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–3 m. Alt 10– albissima H.M.L.Forbes subsp. albissima
2318 m. N, B, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 763–1220 m. S, KZN, EC
humilis E.Phillips & R.A.Dyer albissima H.M.L.Forbes subsp. zuluensis (H.M.L.Forbes)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 915– Schrire
T. unifolia H.M.L.Forbes (6)
1540 m. FS, WC, EC T. zuluensis H.M.L.Forbes (6)
microphylla Burch. ex DC. Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt ?–1281 m. KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.3 m. Alt 458–2200 m. B, amoena E.Mey. = T. kraussiana
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
angustissima Engl. = T. longipes subsp. longipes var.
montana E.Phillips & R.A.Dyer longipes
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 1140–2318 m. KZN,
anthylloides Hochst. ex Webb = T. uniflora subsp. uni-
EC
flora
speciosa E.Phillips & R.A.Dyer (insufficiently known)
apiculata H.M.L.Forbes = T. natalensis subsp. natal-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? NC
ensis
tomentosa Eckl. & Zeyh.
apollinea in sense of Klotzsch, misapplied name = T.
villosa subsp. ehrenbergiana var. ehrenbergiana
SWARTZIA Schreb. 3574000 armitageana Chiov. = T. macropoda var. macropoda
Compiled by H.F. Glen bachmannii Harms
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 136–138. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt
madagascariensis Desv. 15–1184 m. KZN, EC
Tounatea madagascariensis (Desv.) Baill. (1) brachyloba E.Mey. = T. dregeana var. dregeana
Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.6–12 m. Alt 850–1075 m. N, B brummittii Schrire
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt 300–1220 m. S, KZN
SYLITRA E.Mey. 3717000 burchellii Burtt Davy
angolensis Baker = Ptycholobium biflorum subsp. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt 280–
angolensis 1474 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC
biflora E.Mey. = Ptycholobium biflorum subsp. biflo- caerulea Baker f. subsp. caerulea
rum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? B
contorta (N.E.Br.) Baker f. = Ptycholobium contortum caerulea Baker f. subsp. otaviensis (Dinter) A.Schreib.
& Brummitt
*TAMARINDUS L. 3508000 T. otaviensis Dinter (4)
Compiled by T. Nkonki Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.7 m. Alt ?–1080 m. N, B
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 37–40. canescens E.Mey. = T. purpurea subsp. canescens
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Stirtonia

capensis (Jacq.) Pers. var. acutifolia E.Mey. elongata E.Mey. var. tzaneenensis (H.M.L.Forbes)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.03–0.5 m. Brummitt
Alt 30–1403 m. G, M, WC, EC T. tzaneenensis H.M.L.Forbes (4)
capensis (Jacq.) Pers. var. angustifolia E.Mey.
991 m. LIM, M
NW, G, M, FS, WC, EC ensifolia Harv. = T. elongata var. elongata
capensis (Jacq.) Pers. var. capensis euchroa I.Verd.
Galega pallens Aiton (10) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 458–
T. ternatifolia R.G.N.Young (10) 1400 m. LIM
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–3 m. Alt euprepes Brummitt
945–1983 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.9 m. Alt? B
WC, EC
evansii Hutch. & Burtt Davy = T. rhodesica var. evansii
capensis (Jacq.) Pers. var. hirsuta Harv.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. forbesii Baker subsp. interior Brummitt
Alt 8–1068 m. NW, FS, KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.5 m. Alt 381–1050 m. LIM,
NW, M, KZN
capensis (Jacq.) Pers. var. longipetiolata H.M.L.Forbes
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 17–915 m. WC, EC galpinii H.M.L.Forbes
cephalantha Welw. ex Baker var. decumbens Welw. ex
Baker glomeruliflora Meisn. subsp. glomeruliflora
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 915–2100 m. N Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 1–1.8 m. Alt ± 30 m.
KZN
contorta N.E.Br. = Ptycholobium contortum
glomeruliflora Meisn. subsp. meisneri (Hutch. & Burtt
cordata Hutch. & Burtt Davy Davy) Schrire
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 763– T. incarnata Brummitt (6)
2074 m. LIM, M, S, EC T. meisneri Hutch. & Burtt Davy (6)
coriaceae Benth. = T. elongata var. elongata Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 30–1260 m.
damarensis Engl. = T. dregeana var. dregeana LIM, M, S, KZN
dawsonii Baker f. = T. longipes subsp. longipes var. gobensis Brummitt
longipes Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt 229–458 m. S
delagoensis H.M.L.Forbes = T. purpurea subsp. lepto- godmaniae Baker f., as ‘godmanae’ = T. reptans var.
stachya var. delagoensis reptans
diffusa (E.Mey.) Harv. = T. macropoda var. diffusa gracilenta H.M.L.Forbes
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–1220 m. EC
diffusa Roxb. = T. purpurea subsp. purpurea
dinteri Schinz = T. dregeana var. dregeana grandiflora (Aiton) Pers.
Apodynomene grandiflora E.Mey. (2)
discolor E.Mey. = T. linearis Galega grandiflora Aiton (2)
dissitiflora Baker = T. elongata var. elongata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–5 m. Alt 6–1500 m. KZN, EC
dregeana E.Mey. var. dregeana inandensis H.M.L.Forbes
T. brachyloba E.Mey. (2) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–1.5 m. Alt ?–610 m. KZN
T. damarensis Engl. (10)
T. dinteri Schinz (10) incana in sense of Baker, misapplied name = T. villosa
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1 subsp. ehrenbergiana var. ehrenbergiana
m. Alt 280–1585 m. N, B, NC incarnata Brummitt = T. glomeruliflora subsp. meis-
ehrenbergiana Schweinf. = T. villosa subsp. ehrenber- neri
giana var. ehrenbergiana indigofera Bertol. = T. purpurea subsp. leptostachya
var. delagoensis
elegans Schumach.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? N kraussiana Meisn.
T. amoena E.Mey. (10)
elongata E.Mey. var. elongata Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 9–1220
T. coriaceae Benth. (4)
T. dissitiflora Baker (4) m. S, KZN, EC
T. elongata E.Mey. var. glabra Sond. (4) laurentii De Wild. = T. purpurea subsp. leptostachya
T. elongata E.Mey. var. pubescens Harv. (4) var. pubescens
T. ensifolia Harv. (4)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–2.4 m. Alt leptostachya DC. = T. purpurea subsp. leptostachya
61–2080 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN var. leptostachya
limpopoensis J.B.Gillett
elongata E.Mey. var. glabra Sond. = T. elongata var. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.13–0.5 m. Alt
elongata 793–1168 m. N, LIM
elongata E.Mey. var. lasiocaulos Brummitt (insuffi- linearis (Willd.) Pers.
ciently known) T. discolor E.Mey. (10)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? Distr? T. linearis (Willd.) Pers. subsp. discolor (E.Mey.) J.B.Gillett (10)
T. linearis (Willd.) Pers. var. discolor (E.Mey.) Brummitt (10)
elongata E.Mey. var. pubescens Harv. = T. elongata var. T. pulchella Hook.f. (3)
elongata T. seminuda Bojer ex Baker (3)
FABACEAE Tephrosia DICOTYLEDONS

Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.7–6 m. Alt 46–60 m. noctiflora Bojer ex Baker
KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt ?–458 m.
linearis (Willd.) Pers. subsp. discolor (E.Mey.) J.B.Gillett LIM, M
= T. linearis oblongifolia E.Mey. = Ophrestia oblongifolia var.
linearis (Willd.) Pers. var. discolor (E.Mey.) Brummitt oblongifolia
= T. linearis otaviensis Dinter = T. caerulea subsp. otaviensis
lineata Schumach. & Thonn. = T. purpurea subsp. lepto- oxygona Welw. ex Baker subsp. lactea (Schinz) A.Schreib.
stachya var. leptostachya Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt ?–1095 m. N
longipes Meisn. subsp. longipes var. icosisperma Brum- oxygona Welw. ex Baker subsp. oxygona var. oxygona
mitt = T. longipes subsp. longipes var. longipes Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 450–1000 m. N
longipes Meisn. subsp. longipes var. longipes pallida H.M.L.Forbes
T. angustissima Engl. (6)
T. dawsonii Baker f. (6) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? N
T. longipes Meisn. subsp. longipes var. icosisperma Brummitt (6) pietersii H.M.L.Forbes
T. lurida Sond. var. drummondii Brummitt (6)
T. lurida Sond. var. lissocarpa Brummitt (6)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt 300–854 m. LIM, M
T. lurida Sond. var. lurida (6) plicata Oliv. = Ptycholobium plicatum subsp. plicatum
Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht polystachya E.Mey. var. hirta Harv.
0.8–5 m. Alt 427–1525 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht ?–1.4 m. Alt 6–1340 m.
S, FS, KZN LIM, S, FS, KZN, EC
lupinifolia DC. polystachya E.Mey. var. latifolia Harv.
Cracca lupinifolia Kuntze (2)
Galega lupinifolia Burch. (2) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–5 m. Alt 1080–
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 55– 1830 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
1713 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, NC polystachya E.Mey. var. longidens H.M.L.Forbes
lurida Sond. var. drummondii Brummitt = T. longipes Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–0.8 m. Alt 366–
subsp. longipes var. longipes 1220 m. EC
lurida Sond. var. lissocarpa Brummitt = T. longipes polystachya E.Mey. var. polystachya
subsp. longipes var. longipes Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–5 m. Alt
6–1700 m. B, LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
lurida Sond. var. lurida = T. longipes subsp. longipes
var. longipes polystachyoides in sense of Burtt Davy, misapplied name
= T. rhodesica var. rhodesica
macropoda (E.Mey.) Harv. var. diffusa (E.Mey.) Schrire
T. aemula (E.Mey.) Harv. (6) pondoensis (Codd) Schrire
T. diffusa (E.Mey.) Harv. (6) Mundulea pondoensis Codd (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.6 m. Alt 10–1952 m. M, S, Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt ?–366 m. EC
KZN pseudocapitata H.M.L.Forbes = T. natalensis subsp.
macropoda (E.Mey.) Harv. var. macropoda pseudocapitata
Apodynomene macropoda E.Mey. (2) pseudosphaerosperma Schinz = Requienia pseudo-
T. armitageana Chiov. (10) sphaerosperma
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 2–1678 m. LIM, G,
M, S, KZN pulchella Hook.f. = T. linearis
marginella H.M.L.Forbes pumila (Lam.) Pers. var. pumila
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.33 m. Alt 1158–2135 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? KZN
KZN, EC purpurea (L.) Pers. subsp. canescens (E.Mey.) Brum-
medleyi H.M.L.Forbes = T. shiluwanensis mitt
T. canescens E.Mey. (4)
meisneri Hutch. & Burtt Davy = T. glomeruliflora subsp. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 1–460 m. N, KZN
meisneri purpurea (L.) Pers. subsp. leptostachya (DC.) Brum-
monophylla Schinz mitt var. delagoensis (H.M.L.Forbes) Brummitt
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt ?–700 m. N T. delagoensis H.M.L.Forbes (4)
T. indigofera Bertol. (4)
mossambicensis Schinz = T. uniflora subsp. uniflora
multijuga R.G.N.Young B, LIM, M
T. woodii Burtt Davy (4)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt purpurea (L.) Pers. subsp. leptostachya (DC.)
430–1800 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC Brummitt var. leptostachya
T. leptostachya DC. (4)
natalensis H.M.L.Forbes subsp. natalensis T. lineata Schumach. & Thonn. (4)
T. apiculata H.M.L.Forbes (6) Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–3 m. Alt 150–
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.12 m. Alt 1600–1678 m. M, S, 1518 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC
KZN
purpurea (L.) Pers. subsp. leptostachya (DC.) Brum-
natalensis H.M.L.Forbes subsp. pseudocapitata mitt var. pubescens Baker
(H.M.L.Forbes) Schrire T. laurentii De Wild. (4)
T. pseudocapitata H.M.L.Forbes (6) T. sparsiflora H.M.L.Forbes (10)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 1068–1220 m. KZN T. transvaalensis Hutch. ex Burtt Davy (4)
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Tephrosia

Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–4 m. Alt 8–1525 villosa (L.) Pers. subsp. ehrenbergiana (Schweinf.)
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M Brummitt var. ehrenbergiana
T. apollinea in sense of Klotzsch, misapplied name (4)
*purpurea (L.) Pers. subsp. purpurea T. ehrenbergiana Schweinf. (4)
T. diffusa Roxb. (4) T. incana in sense of Baker, misapplied name (4)
T. wallichii Graham (4)
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.01–2
m. Alt 315–750 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M
radicans Baker
virgata H.M.L.Forbes
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.4 m. Alt 1128–1403 m. N,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ?–0.2 m. Alt? LIM
LIM, M
vogelii Hook.f.
reptans Baker var. reptans
T. godmaniae Baker f., as ‘godmanae’ (4) Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–2 m. Alt? EC
Perennial, occ. annual. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.7–3.5 m. Alt? wallichii Graham = T. purpurea subsp. purpurea
LIM, G woodii Burtt Davy = T. multijuga
retusa Burtt Davy wyliei H.M.L.Forbes = T. shiluwanensis
zoutpansbergensis Bremek.
G, M
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt ?–885
rhodesica Baker f. var. evansii (Hutch. & Burtt Davy) m. LIM
Brummitt
T. evansii Hutch. & Burtt Davy (4) zuluensis H.M.L.Forbes = T. albissima subsp. zuluensis
1373 m. LIM, NW, M, KZN TERAMNUS P.Browne 3866000
rhodesica Baker f. var. rhodesica
T. polystachyoides in sense of Burtt Davy, misapplied name (4) (1) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24: 235–307.
(2) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, part 4: 533–541.
300–1600 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M labialis (L.f.) Spreng. subsp. labialis
Glycine debilis Aiton (1)
salicifolia Schinz = T. acaciifolia Glycine labialis L.f. (2)
semiglabra Sond. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 0–1550 m.
Cracca semiglabra Kuntze (2) LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
M, FS, KZN, L, EC THEODORA Medik. 3506040
seminuda Bojer ex Baker = T. linearis capitata (Bolle) Taub. = Schotia capitata
shiluwanensis Schinz latifolia (Jacq.) Taub. = Schotia latifolia
T. medleyi H.M.L.Forbes (6)
T. spathacea Hutch. & Burtt Davy (6) speciosa Medik. = Schotia afra var. afra
T. wyliei H.M.L.Forbes (6) stipulata (W.T.Aiton) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Schotia latifolia
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt × S. afra form A
763–1980 m. LIM, G, M, KZN
sparsiflora H.M.L.Forbes = T. purpurea subsp. lepto- TOUNATEA Aubl. 3574010
stachya var. pubescens madagascariensis (Desv.) Baill. = Swartzia madagas-
spathacea Hutch. & Burtt Davy = T. shiluwanensis cariensis
sphaerosperma (DC.) Baker = Requienia sphaerosperma
stricta (L.f.) Pers. = Indigofera stricta TRIFOLIUM L. 3690000
suberosa DC. = Mundulea sericea Compiled by T. Nkonki
subulata Hutch. & Burtt Davy (1) Harvey & Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 1–285.
(2) Zohary & Heller. 1984. The genus Trifolium: 1–606.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht ?–2 m. Alt 1220– (3) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 489–498.
1400 m. M
africanum Ser. var. africanum
ternatifolia R.G.N.Young = T. capensis var. capensis T. africanum Ser. var. glabellum (E.Mey.) Harv. (2)
transvaalensis Hutch. ex Burtt Davy = T. purpurea Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 50–2600 m. N, B,
subsp. leptostachya var. pubescens LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
tzaneenensis H.M.L.Forbes = T. elongata var. tzanee- africanum Ser. var. glabellum (E.Mey.) Harv. = T. afri-
nensis canum var. africanum
uniflora Pers. subsp. uniflora africanum Ser. var. lydenburgense J.B.Gillett
T. anthylloides Hochst. ex Webb (3) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1300–2050 m. NW,
T. mossambicensis Schinz (4)
G, M, S
610 m. N, B, LIM, M agrarium L. = T. campestre var. campestre
unifolia H.M.L.Forbes = T. albissima subsp. zuluensis *angustifolium L. var. angustifolium
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 0–1750 m. L, WC
villosa (L.) Pers. subsp. ehrenbergiana (Schweinf.)
Brummitt var. daviesii Brummitt *arvense L. var. arvense
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.3 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 50–300 m. WC
m. Alt 366–458 m. N, LIM, M bicorne Forssk. = T. resupinatum var. resupinatum
FABACEAE Tephrosia DICOTYLEDONS

burchellianum Ser. subsp. burchellianum *suffocatum L.

T. repens Thunb. (1) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.1 m, stems prostrate. Alt 1050–
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 0–3250 m. NW, 1150 m.WC
M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
*tomentosum L. var. tomentosum
burchellianum Ser. subsp. johnstonii (Oliv.) J.B.Gillett Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m, or stems prostrate. Alt 0–
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 600–1450 m. 300 m. WC, EC
KZN
*campestre Schreb. var. campestre TRIGONELLA L. 3687000
T. agrarium L. (2) Compiled by T. Nkonki
T. procumbens L. (2) (1) Schreiber. 1973. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 0–1750 m. NW, G, München 11: 115–132.
M, WC (2) Hamlet. 1995. European garden flora 4: 523, 524.
*cernuum Brot. anguina Delile

Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m, or stems prostrate. Alt Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m, stems prostrate. Alt 650–
150–1500 m. KZN, WC 1400 m. N, NW, FS, NC, EC
*dubium Sibth. *foenumgraecum L.
T. filiforme L. (2) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 1400–1500 m. G
T. minus Sm. (2)
*hamosa L.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 0–2050 m. M, KZN, Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m, or stems prostrate. Alt
WC, EC 150–1200 m. N, FS, NC, WC
filiforme L. = T. dubium
hirsute Thunb. = Melolobium aethiopicum
fistulosum Gilib. = T. hybridum var. hybridum
flexuosum Jacq. = T. medium var. medium TRINEURIA C.Presl 3662100
*glomeratum L. appendiculata (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus ciliaris
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m, or stems prostrate. Alt chenopoda (L.) C.Presl = Aspalathus chenopoda subsp.
50–1300 m. WC, EC chenopoda
*hybridum L. var. hybridum ciliaris (L.) C.Presl = Aspalathus ciliaris
T. fistulosum Gilib. (2)
cochleariformis C.Presl = Aspalathus cymbiformis
G, FS, KZN, EC comosa (Thunb.) C.Presl = Aspalathus parviflora
cymbiformis (DC.) C.Presl = Aspalathus cymbiformis
*incarnatum L. var. incarnatum
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 600–1550 m. NW, G, deciduifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus nigra
M fuscescens C.Presl = Aspalathus nigra
*medium L. var. medium linearifolia (DC.) C.Presl = Aspalathus linearifolia
T. flexuosum Jacq. (2) marginalis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus mar-
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m, or stems prostrate. Alt ginalis
1450–1600 m. G papillosa (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Aspalathus ciliaris
melilotus-indica L. = Melilotus indica rigescens (E.Mey.) C.Presl = Aspalathus setacea
melilotus-officinalis L. = Melilotus officinalis
micropetalum E.Mey. = T. stipulaceum TYLOSEMA (Schweinf.) Torre 3528030
minus Sm. = T. dubium & Hillc.
*pratense L. var. pratense
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m, or stems prostrate. Alt (2) Coetzer & Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 61–64.
300–2000 m. NW, G, M, KZN, WC
esculentum (Burch.) A.Schreib.
procumbens L. = T. campestre var. campestre Bauhinia bainesii Schinz (2)
*repens L. Bauhinia burkeana (Benth.) Harv. (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m, or stems prostrate. Alt Bauhinia esculenta Burch. (2)
0–2100 m. NW, G, M, KZN, WC, EC Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.8–9 m. Alt 925–
1600 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G
repens Thunb. = T. burchellianum subsp. burchel-
lianum fassoglense (Schweinf.) Torre & Hillc.
Bauhinia cissoides Oliv. (2)
*resupinatum L. var. resupinatum Bauhinia fassoglensis Schweinf. (2)
T. bicorne Forssk. (2) Bauhinia kirkii Oliv. (2)
T. suaveolens Willd. (2) Bauhinia welwitschii Oliv. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 50–300 m. WC Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 150–1850 m.
stipulaceum Thunb. N, LIM, M, S, KZN
T. micropetalum E.Mey. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.15 m. Alt 100–600 m. EC *ULEX L. 3681000
suaveolens Willd. = T. resupinatum var. resupinatum Compiled by H.F. Glen
*subterraneum L. var. subterraneum (1) Guinea & Webb. 1968. Flora europaea 2: 102, 103.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m, stems prostrate. Alt 100–
800 m. WC europaeus L.
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Trifolium

Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 1250–2100 m. LIM, burchellii (DC.) Harv. = Otoptera burchellii
KZN, EC *comosa Baker subsp. comosa
Annual. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt? FS
UMTIZA Sim 3506010
davyi Bolus = V. vexillata var. davyi
(1) Ross. 1977. FSA 16,2: 33–35. decipiens Harv. = V. frutescens subsp. frutescens var.
(2) Germishuizen. 1986. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1939. frutescens
listeriana Sim dekindtiana Harms = V. unguiculata subsp. dekind-
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–12 m. Alt 0–300 m. EC tiana var. dekindtiana
dinteri Harms = V. lobatifolia
VASCOA DC. 3654010
friesiorum Harms var. friesiorum
amplexicaulis DC. = Rafnia amplexicaulis Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ?–152 m. M
perfoliata (Thunb.) DC. var. acuminata (E.Mey.) Walp. frutescens A.Rich. subsp. frutescens var. frutescens
= Rafnia acuminata V. decipiens Harv. (3)
V. longiloba Burtt Davy (3)
*VICIA L. 3852000 V. pongolensis Burtt Davy (3)
V. pseudotriloba Harms (3)
Compiled by T. Nkonki Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 61–1647 m.
(1) Ball. 1968. Flora europaea 2: 129–136. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
galpinii Burtt Davy = V. nervosa
angustifolia L. = V. sativa subsp. nigra
atropurpurea Desf. = V. benghalensis glabra Savi = V. luteola var. luteola
benghalensis L. huillensis Welw. ex Baker = V. unguiculata subsp. de-
V. atropurpurea Desf. (1) kindtiana var. huillensis
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. hygrophila Harms = V. oblongifolia var. parviflora
Alt 50–2000 m. LIM, G, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC junodii Harms = Dolichos junodii
cracca L. kokii B.J.Pienaar
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? EC Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 305–458 m. N, NW, M
hirsuta (L.) Gray lobatifolia Baker
Annual. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 15–610 m. V. dinteri Harms (2)
N, FS, WC, EC Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 305–458 m. N
sativa L. subsp. nigra (L.) Ehrh. (insufficiently known) longiloba Burtt Davy = V. frutescens subsp. frutescens
V. angustifolia L. (2)
var. frutescens
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? Distr?
luteola (Jacq.) Benth. var. luteola
sativa L. subsp. sativa Phaseolus luteolus (Jacq.) Gagnep. (3)
Annual. Herb, climber. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 5–2000 m. V. brachystachys Benth. (3)
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC V. glabra Savi (3)
tetrasperma Moench Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–1.52 m. Alt 3–1000
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 30–60 m. WC, EC m. N, B, LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
villosa Roth subsp. villosa marginata (E.Mey.) Benth. = Sphenostylis marginata
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 90–397 m. LIM, NW, subsp. marginata
G, M, L, EC marina (Burm.) Merr.
V. retusa (E.Mey.) Walp. (3)
VIGNA Savi 3905000 Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 0–580 m. KZN
Compiled by T. Nkonki & N. Swelankomo monophylla Taub.
(1) Bolus. 1906. Transaction of the South African Philosophical Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt? B
Society 16: 382.
(2) Schreiber. 1970. FSWA 60: 121–123. mudenia B.J.Pienaar
(3) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24,3: 519–566. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt? G, KZN
(4) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae (part 4): 617–668. nervosa Markötter
(5) Maréchal et al. 1978. Boissiera 28: 14–237. Dolichos reticulatus Schltr. (9)
(6) Verdcourt. 1978. Taxon 27,2 & 3: 219–222. V. galpinii Burtt Davy (3)
(7) Lock. 1989. Legumes of Africa: 440–448.
(8) Pienaar & Kok. 1991. South African Journal of Botany 57: 236–245.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.12–0.8 m. Alt 915–
(9) Pienaar & Van Wyk. 1992. South African Journal Botany 58: 414–429. 2000 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, EC
(10) Mithen & Kibblewhite. 1993. Kirkia 14,1: 100–113. oblongifolia A.Rich. var. oblongifolia
(11) Pienaar. 1993. Bothalia 23: 68–70. V. wilmsii Burtt Davy (3)
angustifolia Benth. = Sphenostylis angustifolia Annual. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 335–1250 m. N, NW,
angustifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hook.f. = V. vexil- G, M, FS, KZN
lata var. angustifolia oblongifolia A.Rich. var. parviflora (Baker) Verdc.
V. hygrophila Harms (3)
angustifoliolata Verdc. = V. unguiculata subsp. steno- V. parviflora Baker (3)
phylla Annual. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 930–1312 m. N, B,
brachystachys Benth. = V. luteola var. luteola NW, G, M, KZN
FABACEAE *Ulex DICOTYLEDONS

parviflora Baker = V. oblongifolia var. parviflora Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt
pongolensis Burtt Davy = V. frutescens subsp. frutes- 5–1713 m. N, B, G, M, S, KZN, EC
cens var. frutescens vexillata (L.) A.Rich. var. angustifolia (Schumach. &
pseudotriloba Harms = V. frutescens subsp. frutescens Thonn.) Baker
var. frutescens V. angustifolia (Schumach. & Thonn.) Hook.f. (8)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht ?–0.6 m. Alt 91–1678 m.
pubescens Wilczek = V. unguiculata subsp. protracta
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, EC
pygmaea R.E.Fries
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 305–458 m. N vexillata (L.) A.Rich. var. davyi (Bolus) B.J.Pienaar
V. davyi Bolus (8)
retusa (E.Mey.) Walp. = V. marina Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 579–1600
rhomboidea Burtt Davy = V. unguiculata subsp. pro- m. M, S, KZN
tracta vexillata (L.) A.Rich. var. ovata (E.Mey.) B.J.Pienaar
sinensis (L.) Hassk. = V. unguiculata subsp. unguicu- Perennial. Herb, creeper. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 8–1525 m.
lata S, KZN, EC
stenophylla (Harv.) Burtt Davy = V. unguiculata subsp. vexillata (L.) A.Rich. var. vexillata
stenophylla Phaseolus vexillatus L. (3)
tenuis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. = V. unguiculata subsp. tenuis Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.15–1.2 m. Alt 5–2000
var. tenuis m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
triloba (Thunb.) Walp. in part = V. unguiculata subsp. wilmsii Burtt Davy = V. oblongifolia var. oblongifolia
protracta
triloba (Thunb.) Walp. in part = V. unguiculata subsp. VIRGILIA Poir. 3608000
unguiculata Compiled by H.F. Glen
triloba Walp. var. stenophylla Harv. = V. unguiculata (1) Phillips. 1928. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 8: t. 305.
(2) Salter. 1939. Journal of South African Botany 5: 58.
subsp. stenophylla (3) Van Wyk. 1986. South African Journal of Botany 52: 347–353.
unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. dekindtiana (Harms)
aurea (Aiton) Lam. = Calpurnia aurea subsp. aurea
Verdc. var. dekindtiana
V. dekindtiana Harms (9) capensis in sense of Pole Evans, not of (L.) Lam., mis-
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.2–6 m. Alt applied name = V. divaricata
152–1150 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M capensis (L.) Lam. = V. oroboides subsp. oroboides
unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. dekindtiana (Harms) capensis (L.) Lam. subsp. capensis = V. oroboides subsp.
Verdc. var. huillensis (Welw. ex Baker) B.J.Pienaar ferruginea
V. huillensis Welw. ex Baker (9)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 381– divaricata Adamson
V. capensis in sense of Pole Evans, not of (L.) Lam., misapplied
1494 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M name (3)
unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. protracta (E.Mey.) Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–16 m. Alt 0–1300 m. WC, EC
B.J.Pienaar
Scytalis hispida E.Mey. (8) intrusa R.Br. in W.T.Aiton = Calpurnia intrusa
Scytalis protracta E.Mey. (8) oroboides (P.J.Bergius) Salter subsp. ferruginea B.-
V. pubescens Wilczek (8) E.van Wyk
V. rhomboidea Burtt Davy (8) V. capensis (L.) Poir. subsp. capensis (3)
V. triloba (Thunb.) Walp. in part (8)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–15 m. Alt 0–900 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?–0.8 m. Alt 15–1830 m. NW, G,
M, S, KZN, EC oroboides (P.J.Bergius) Salter subsp. oroboides
Hypocalyptus capensis (L.) Thunb. (3)
unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. stenophylla (Harv.) Podalyria capensis (L.) Willd. (3)
Maréchal, Mascherpa & Stainier Sophora capensis L. (3)
V. angustifoliolata Verdc. (9) Sophora oroboides P.J.Bergius (3)
V. stenophylla (Harv.) Burtt Davy (9) V. capensis (L.) Lam. (3)
V. triloba Walp. var. stenophylla Harv. (9) Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 30–1100 m. WC
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN WIBORGIA Thunb. 3661000
unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. tenuis (E.Mey.) Maré- Compiled by H.F. Glen
chal var. ovata (E.Mey.) B.J.Pienaar (1) Dahlgren. 1975. Opera Botanica 38: 1–83.
Scytalise tenuis E.Mey. var. ovata E.Mey. (3)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 3–950 m. KZN angustifolia Benth. = W. tenuifolia
unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. tenuis (E.Mey.) Maré- apterophora R.Dahlgren = W. humilis
chal var. tenuis armata (Thunb.) Harv. = W. mucronata
V. tenuis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr. (9)
armata (Thunb.) Harv. var. puberula Harv. = W. monop-
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 50–730 m. LIM, tera
KZN
cuspidata (E.Mey.) Benth. = W. incurvata
unguiculata (L.) Walp. subsp. unguiculata
Dolichos sinensis L. (3) flexuosa E.Mey. = W. fusca subsp. fusca
Dolichos unguiculatus L. (2) floribunda Lodd. = W. obcordata
V. sinensis (L.) Hassk. (2)
V. triloba (Thunb.) Walp. in part (2) fusca Thunb. subsp. fusca
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Vigna

Jacksonago flexuosa (E.Mey.) Kuntze (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–1.4 m. Alt 50–400 m. WC
Jacksonago fusca (Thunb.) Kuntze (1)
Peltaria capensis Burm.f. (1) tetraptera E.Mey.
Pterocarpus peltaria DC. (1) Jacksonago tetraptera (E.Mey.) Kuntze (1)
W. flexuosa E.Mey. (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 100–750 m. NC,
W. oblongata E.Mey. (1) WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 30–850 m. NC, tetraptera E.Mey. var. β angustifolia (Benth.) Harv. =
WC W. tenuifolia
fusca Thunb. subsp. macrocarpa R.Dahlgren
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 50–200 m. NC, XANTHOCERCIS Baill. 3847000
WC Compiled by H.F. Glen
grandiflora E.Mey. = Lebeckia sessilifolia (1) Dumaz-le-Grand. 1953. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de
heteroclados E.Mey. = W. mucronata France 99: 313–315.
humilis (Thunb.) R.Dahlgren zambesiaca (Baker) Dumaz-le-Grand
Lebeckia humilis Thunb. (1) Pseudocadia zambesiaca (Baker) Harms (1)
W. apterophora R.Dahlgren (1) Perennial. Tree. Ht 7–40 m. Alt 200–1150 m. B, LIM,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 400–600 M
m. NC
incurvata E.Mey. XEROCARPUS Guill. & Perr. 3659010
Jacksonago cuspidata (E.Mey.) Kuntze (1) hirsutus Guill. & Perr. = Rothia hirsuta
W. cuspidata (E.Mey.) Benth. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 300–900 m. XEROCLADIA Harv. 3453000
NC
lanceolata E.Mey. = W. sericea
(1) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 130, 131.
leptoptera R.Dahlgren subsp. cedarbergensis R.Dahl-
gren viridiramis (Burch.) Taub.
Acacia viridiramis Burch. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1.5 m. Alt 100–300 m. NC, X. zeyheri Harv. (1)
WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt 100–1200 m. N, NC
leptoptera R.Dahlgren subsp. leptoptera zeyheri Harv. = X. viridiramis
250 m. WC XERODERRIS Roberty 3838010
monoptera E.Mey. Compiled by H.F. Glen
W. armata (Thunb.) Harv. var. puberula Harv. (1)
(1) Polhill. 1971. FTEA Leguminosae, part 3: 91–93.
WC stuhlmannii (Taub.) Mendonça & E.C.Sousa
Deguelia stuhlmannii Taub. (1)
mucronata (L.f.) Druce Derris stuhlmannii (Taub.) Harms (1)
Acanthobotrya armata (Thunb.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Ostryoderris stuhlmannii (Taub.) Harms (1)
Aspalathus mucronata L.f. (1)
Jacksonago armata (Thunb.) Kuntze (1) Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–18 m. Alt 200–1000 m. N, B,
Lebeckia armata Thunb. (1) LIM
W. armata (Thunb.) Harv. (1)
W. heteroclados E.Mey. (1)
W. spinescens Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
XIPHOTHECA Eckl. & Zeyh. 3643010
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 0–1250 Compiled by T. Nkonki
m. NC, WC (1) Schutte & Van Wyk. 1993. Taxon 42,1: 43–49.
(2) Schutte & Van Wyk. 1997. Annals of the Missouri Botanical
obcordata (P.J.Bergius) Thunb. Garden 84,1: 90–102.
Crotalaria floribunda Lodd. (1)
Crotalaria obcordata P.J.Bergius (1) canescens (Thunb.) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk
Hedysarum capense Burm.f. (1) Priestleya schlechteri L.Bolus (1)
Jacksonago obcordata (P.J.Bergius) Kuntze (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt ?–820 m. NC, WC
Loethainia obcordata (P.J.Bergius) Heynh. (1)
W. floribunda Lodd. (1) cordifolia A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3.5 m. Alt 0–1350 m. NC, WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–2.5 m. Alt 1333–1666 m. WC
oblongata E.Mey. = W. fusca subsp. fusca elliptica (DC.) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk
Priestleya elliptica DC. (1)
parvifolia E.Mey. = W. tenuifolia
sericea Thunb. m. WC
Jacksonago sericea (Thunb.) Kuntze (1)
Loethainia sericea (Thunb.) Heynh. (1) fruticosa (L.) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk
W. lanceolata E.Mey. (1) Crotalaria lanata Thunb.(2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 100– Priestleya villosa DC., illegitimate name (1)
1200 m. NC, WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 1.2–2.5 m. Alt 397–900 m.
spinescens Eckl. & Zeyh. = W. mucronata WC
tenuifolia E.Mey. guthriei (L.Bolus) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk
W. angustifolia Benth. (1) Priestleya guthriei L.Bolus (1)
W. parvifolia E.Mey. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 61–130 m.
W. tetraptera E.Mey. var. β angustifolia (Benth.) Harv. (1) WC
FABACEAE Wiborgia DICOTYLEDONS

lanceolata (E.Mey.) Eckl. & Zeyh. Perennial. Tree. Ht 6–15 m. Alt 250–500 m. LIM
Priestleya glauca Salter (1)
Priestleya lanceolata E.Mey. (1) ZORNIA J.F.Gmel. 3804000
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 35–610 m. Compiled by T. Nkonki
WC (1) Mohlenbrock. 1961. Webbia 16: 1–141.
phylicoides A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk capensis Pers. subsp. capensis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ?–1.2 m. Alt 530–800 m. WC Z. tetraphylla Michx. var. capensis (Pers.) Harv. (1)
polycarpa Eckl. & Zeyh. = X. tecta Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–3 m. Alt 5–2000 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC
reflexa (Thunb.) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk
Priestleya sericea of author, concept invalid (1) glochidiata DC.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 30–1500 m. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 380–1112 m. N, B,
WC LIM, NW, G, M, EC
rotundifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. = X. tecta linearis E.Mey.
Z. tetraphylla Michx. var. linearis (E.Mey.) Harv. (1)
tecta (Thunb.) A.L.Schutte & B.-E.van Wyk Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 90–1830 m. LIM,
Liparia tecta Thunb. (1) NW, G, M, KZN, EC
Priestleya rotundifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. (1)
Priestleya stokoei L.Bolus (1) milneana Mohlenbr.
Priestleya tecta (Thunb.) DC. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.75 m. Alt 15–1950 m. N, B,
X. polycarpa Eckl. & Zeyh. (2) LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, EC
X. rotundifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Walp. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 300– tetraphylla Michx. var. capensis (Pers.) Harv. = Z. capen-
702 m. WC sis subsp. capensis
tetraphylla Michx. var. linearis (E.Mey.) Harv. = Z. linea-
XYLIA Benth. 3462000 ris
Compiled by T. Nkonki ZYGIA Walp. 3443030
(1) Ross. 1975. FSA 16,1: 136, 137. fastigiata E.Mey. = Albizia adianthifolia var. adian-
torreana Brenan thifolia
*F A G A C E A E
*QUERCUS L. 1893000 pedunculata Ehrh. = Q. robur

(1) Bean. 1976. Trees and shrubs of the British Isles 3: 454–521. robur L.
(2) Bailey & Bailey. 1977. Hortus third: 933–935. Q. pedunculata Ehrh. (2)
(3) Schwarz. 1993. Flora europaea edn 2,1: 72–76. Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–20 m. Alt 150–1600 m. KZN,
(4) Cullen & Maxwell. 1995. European garden flora 3: 66–79. WC
FLACOURTIACEAE
Notes: phylogenetic relationships within the Flacourtiaceae have been assessed with rbcl DNA sequences and two groups have been identified.
The first group retains the family name Salicaceae as the name has nomenclatural priority, and the second group has the conserved name
Achariaceae (Soltis et al. 2000, in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 133: 381–461; Chase et al. 2002, in Kew Bulletin 57: 141). Although
Chase et al. (2002) have placed the Flacourtiaceae and Samydaceae in synonymy under Salicaceae and Achariaceae, the present publication retains
the families Flacourtiaceae and Achariaceae for practical reasons.
ABERIA Hochst. 5328010 myrtifolia Galpin = A. theiformis

caffra Hook.f. & Harv. = Dovyalis caffra theiformis (Vahl) Benn.
A. myrtifolia Galpin (3)
zeyheri Sond. = Dovyalis zeyheri Neumannia myrtiflora (Galpin) T.Durand (3)
APHLOIA (DC.) Benn. 5326000 LIM, M, S, KZN
(1)
(2)
Bennett. 1840. Plantae javanicae rariores 2: 192.
Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 279–281.
BLACKWELLIA Warb. 5313010
(3) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 80–82. dentata Harv. = Homalium dentatum
d’Afrique tropicale 1: 122. rufescens Arn. = Homalium rufescens
DICOTYLEDONS FABACEAE Xiphotheca

CASEARIA Jacq. 5343000 (4) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
tropicale 1: 124.
(1) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 293, 294.
(2) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 91, 92. abdessammadii Asch. & Schweinf.
(3) Sleumer. 1980. Flora Neotropica 22: 280–415. Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–10 m. Alt up to 945 m. N
tropicale 1: 123. dentatum (Harv.) Warb.
Blackwellia dentata Harv. (3)
gladiiformis Mast. H. subsuperum Sprague (3)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.28–24.38 m. Alt 30–1675 m. KZN, Perennial. Tree. Ht 6–30 m. Alt 305–1525 m. LIM, M,
EC S, KZN, EC
DOVYALIS E.Mey. ex Arn. 5328000 rufescens Benth.
Blackwellia rufescens Arn. (3)
(1) Killick. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 39: t. 1546. Perennial. Tree. Ht 3.04–6.09 m. Alt 5–800 m. KZN, EC
(2) Thom. 1971. The Flowering Plants of Africa 41: t. 1608.
(3) Langenegger. 1976. FSA 22: 84–90. subsuperum Sprague = H. dentatum
tropicale 1: 123. KIGGELARIA L. 5296000
(5) Pooley. 1993. Trees of Natal: 334–338.
(1) Killick. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1702.
caffra (Hook.f. & Harv.) Hook.f. (2) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 265–267.
Aberia caffra Hook.f. & Harv. (3) (3) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 60–63.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.82–7.62 m. Alt 15–1370 m. (4) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
tropicale 1: 124.
LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
celastroides Sond. = D. rotundifolia africana L.
K. dregeana Turcz. (3)
longispina (Harv.) Warb. K. ferruginea Eckl. & Zeyh. (3)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 5–20 m. Alt 5–105 m. S, KZN Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht up to 17 m. Alt 5–2560 m.
lucida Sim LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–12.19 m. Alt 90–1890 m. dregeana Turcz = K. africana
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC ferruginea Eckl. & Zeyh. = K. africana
rhamnoides (Burch. ex DC.) Burch. & Harv.
D. zizyphoides E.Mey. ex Sond. (3) NEUMANNIA A.Rich. 5326010
LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC myrtiflora (Galpin) T.Durand = Aphloia theiformis
rotundifolia (Thunb.) Thunb. & Harv.
D. celastroides Sond. (3) ONCOBA Forssk. 5284000
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.21–6.09 m. Alt 30–460 m. EC (1) Verdoorn. 1951. The Flowering Plants of Africa 28: t. 1111.
tristis (Sond.) Warb. = D. zeyheri (2) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 275, 276.
(3) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 56–58.
zeyheri (Sond.) Warb. (4) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
Aberia zeyheri Sond. (3) tropicale 1: 124, 125.
D. tristis (Sond.) Warb. (3) (5) Hul & Breteler. 1997. Adansonia Sér. 3,19,2: 253–262.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.52–11 m. Alt 30–1675 m. kraussiana (Hochst.) Planch. = Xylotheca kraussiana
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
spinosa Forssk. subsp. spinosa
zizyphoides E.Mey. ex Sond. = D. rhamnoides Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.82–5 m. Alt 30–1065 m.
FLACOURTIA L’Hér. 5327000 N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN
(1) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 285, 286.
(2) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 82–84. PHOBEROS Lour. 5304020
tropicale 1: 123, 124. mundii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl = Scolopia mundii
hirtiuscula = F. indica
indica (Burm.f.) Merr. PSEUDOSCOLOPIA Gilg 5304010
F. hirtiuscula Oliv. (2) (1) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 70–72.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.6–15.24 m. Alt 10–1555 fraseri E.Phillips = P. polyantha
m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, KZN, EC
polyantha Gilg
P. fraseri E.Phillips (1)
GERRARDINA Oliv. 5312000 Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–6 m. Alt 50–155 m. KZN,
(1) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 287.
(2) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 72–74.
WC, EC
foliosa Oliv.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.8–10 m. Alt 12–1920 m. RAWSONIA Harv. & Sond. 5275000
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC (1) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 262, 263.
(2) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 54–56.
HOMALIUM Jacq. 5313000 (3) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs
d’Afrique tropicale 1: 125.
(1) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 287–293.
(2) Sleumer. 1973. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique lucida Harv. & Sond.
43: 239–328. Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.46–15 m. Alt 5–2900 m. B, LIM,
(3) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 74–77. M, S, KZN, EC
FLACOURTIACEAE Casearia DICOTYLEDONS

SCOLOPIA Schreb. 5304000 TRIMERIA Harv. 5315000

(1) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 276–279. (1) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 77–80.
(2) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 63–70. (2) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
(3) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique tropicale 1: 126.
tropicale 1: 125. alnifolia (Hook.) Harv. = T. grandifolia subsp. grandifolia
ecklonii (Nees) Harv. = S. zeyheri grandifolia (Hochst.) Warb. subsp. grandifolia
flanaganii (Bolus) Sim T. alnifolia (Hook.) Harv. (1)
Xylosma flanaganii Bolus (2) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–10 m. Alt 5–2020 m.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.04–5 m. Alt 5–1950 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
KZN, EC trinervis Harv.
flanaganii (Bolus) Sim var. oreophila Sleumer = S. oreo- Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.08–5 m. Alt 305–1700 m. M,
phila KZN, EC
mundii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Warb.
Phoberos mundii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) C.Presl (2) XYLOSMA G.Forst. 5320000
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.21–16 m. Alt 30–2200 m. flanaganii Bolus = Scolopia flanaganii
LIM, NW, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
XYLOTHECA Hochst. 5284010
oreophila (Sleumer) Killick
S. flanaganii (Bolus) Sim var. oreophila Sleumer (2) (1) Wild. 1960. FZ 1: 272–275.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 10.97–12 m. Alt up to 1770 m. (3) Killick. 1976. FSA 22: 58–60.
KZN (4) Hul & Breteler. 1997. Adansonia Sér. 3, 19,2: 255.
stolzii Gilg & Sleumer var. stolzii kraussiana Hochst.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 6.09–14 m. Alt 0–30 m. S, KZN Oncoba kraussiana (Hochst.) Planch. (3)
X. kraussiana Hochst. var. glabrifolia Wild (3)
zeyheri (Nees) Harv.
S. ecklonii (Nees) Harv. (2) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht up to 10 m. Alt 10–610 m.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.02–13.1 m. Alt 5–1900 m. LIM, S, KZN
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC kraussiana Hochst. var. glabrifolia Wild = X. kraussiana
FRANKENIACEAE
FRANKENIA L. 5233000 pulverulenta L.

(1) Roessler & Schreiber. 1968. FSWA 91: 1, 2. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.35 m. Alt 3–1370 m. N, NW,
(2) Obermeyer. 1976. FSA 22: 33–36. FS, NC, WC, EC
d’Afrique tropicale 1: 126. repens (P.J.Bergius) Fourc.
pomonensis Pohnert Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 1–275 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 3–? m. N NC, WC, EC
FUMARIACEAE
CORYDALIS Vent. 2858000 Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC

cracca Cham. & Schltdl. = Cysticapnos cracca pruinosa (Bernh.) Lidén
Phacocapnos pruinosus (E.Mey.) Bernh. (2)
CYSTICAPNOS Mill. 2858020 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.17–0.52 m. Alt 155–3200 m. FS,
(1) Fedde. 1924. Feddes Repertorium 19: 285–288. KZN, EC
(2) Lidén. 1986. Opera Botanica 88: 105–108. vesicaria (L.) Fedde
africana Gaertn. = C. vesicaria C. africana Gaertn. (1)
cracca (Cham. & Schltdl.) Lidén Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 5–1525 m. N, NC,
Corydalis cracca Cham. & Schltdl. (2) WC
Phacocapnos cracca (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bernh. (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.22 m. Alt 5–914 m. NC, WC DISCOCAPNOS Cham. & Schltdl. 2861010
(1) Adamson & Salter. 1950. Flora of the Cape Peninsula: 406.
grandiflora Bernh. (2) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany Suppl.
Phacocapnos burmannii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Hutch. (2) Vol. 13: 301.
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt up to 640 m. NC, WC (3) Lidén. 1986. Opera Botanica 88: 104.
parviflora Lidén dregei Hutch. = D. mundtii
DICOTYLEDONS FLACOURTIACEAE Scolopia

mundtii Cham. & Schltdl. parviflora Lam.

D. dregei Hutch. (3) Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? G, FS
Fumaria mundtii Spreng. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt? WC, EC PHACOCAPNOS Bernh. 2858010
*FUMARIA L. 2861000 burmannii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Hutch. = Cysticapnos grandi-
(1) Exell. 1960. FZ 1,1: 181. flora
(2) Sell. 1964. Flora europaea 1: 255–258. cracca (Cham. & Schltdl.) Bernh. = Cysticapnos cracca
(3) Ross 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No.
39: 173. pruinosus (E.Mey.) Bernh. = Cysticapnos pruinosa
(4) Lidén. 1986. Opera Botanica 88: 78, 88.
mundtii Spreng. = Discocapnos mundtii TRIGONOCAPNOS Schltr. 2862000
muralis Sond. ex W.D.J.Koch subsp. muralis (1) Lidén. 1986. Opera Botanica 88: 105.
F. officinalis L. var. grandiflora DC. (4) curvipes Schltr. = T. lichtensteinii
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 5–2285 m. LIM, G, lichtensteinii (Cham. & Schltdl.) Lidén
FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC T. curvipes Schltr. (1)
officinalis L. var. grandiflora DC. = F. muralis subsp. muralis Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 305–1065 m. NC, WC
GEISSOLOMATACEAE
GEISSOLOMA Lindl. ex Kunth 5422000 marginatum (L.) Juss.

Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.61–0.91 m. Alt up to 610 m.
(1) Dahlgren & Rao. 1969. Botaniska Notiser 122: 207–227.
WC
GENTIANACEAE
Compiled by C.L. Bredenkamp & N. Govender
ANTHOCLEISTA Afzel. ex R.Br. 6466000 (3) Marais & Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 212–236.
(1) Leeuwenberg. 1961. Acta Botanica Neerlandica 10: 1–53. 41: 303, 304.
(2) Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 135, 136.
(3) Leeuwenberg. 1993. The Flowering Plants of Africa 52: t. 2080. albiflora Hilliard
(4) Coates Palgrave. 2002. Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of southern Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt? KZN, EC
Africa, edn 3: 932, 933.
arenaria E.Mey.
grandiflora Gilg C. arenaria E.Mey. var. mediocris (Schoch) Prain (3)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–35 m. Alt 0–2300 m. N, LIM, M, Perennial. Dwarf shrub, suffrutex. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt?
S NC, WC
liebrechtsiana De Wild. & T.Durand arenaria E.Mey. var. mediocris (Schoch) Prain = C.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–12 m. Alt 0–400 m. N arenaria
BELMONTIA E.Mey. 6483010 baccifera L.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, suffrutex. Ht 0.1–1 m.
cordata (L.f.) E.Mey. = Sebaea exacoides Alt 5–1450 m. KZN, NC, WC, EC
cordata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. var. intermedia (Cham. decumbens Levyns
& Schltdl.) Griseb. = Sebaea micrantha var. inter- C. maritima Eckl. (3)
media Annual. Herb. Ht 0.6–0.7 m. Alt 1–765 m. WC, EC
cordata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. var. micrantha (Cham. emarginata Jaroscz = C. linoides subsp. emarginata
& Schltdl.) Griseb. = Sebaea micrantha var. mi- gracilis Salisb. ex Prain = C. linoides subsp. nana
crantha gracilis Salisb. ex Prain var. macrocalyx Prain = C.
debilis (Welw.) Schinz = Sebaea debilis linoides subsp. macrocalyx
flanaganii Schinz = Sebaea spathulata humilis Gilg = C. purpurascens subsp. humilis
grandis E.Mey. = Sebaea grandis jasminoides L.
spathulata E.Mey. = Sebaea spathulata Perennial. Herb, suffrutex. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 30–1220
m. WC, EC
CHIRONIA L. 6503000 krebsii Griseb.
(1) Mogg. 1941. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 21: t. 814. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 75–
(2) Dyer. 1944. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 24: t. 951. 2700 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
FUMARIACEAE Discocapnos DICOTYLEDONS

laxa Gilg axillare (Lam.) A.Raynal subsp. axillare

Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 400– E. hyssopifolium (Willd.) I.Verd. (3)
Exacum hyssopifolium Willd. (1)
610 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, M, S,
linoides L. subsp. emarginata (Jaroscz) I.Verd. KZN
C. emarginata Jaroscz (3)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, suffrutex. Ht 0.07–0.9 hyssopifolium (Willd.) I.Verd. = E. axillare subsp. axil-
m. Alt 200–1050 m. NC, WC lare
linoides L. subsp. linoides EXACUM L. 6479000
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.9 m.
(1) Marais & Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 211, 212.
Alt 40–1800 m. NC, WC (2) Verdoorn. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1576.
linoides L. subsp. macrocalyx (Prain) I.Verd. (3) Cramer. 1981. A revision handbook to the flora of Ceylon 3: 56–66.
C. gracilis Salisb. ex Prain var. macrocalyx Prain (3) (4) Klackenberg. 1985. Opera Botanica 84: 85–90.
(5) Klackenberg. 1990. Flore de Madagascar et des Comores: 25–29.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, suffrutex. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. (6) Paiva & Nogueira. 1990. FZ 7: 8.
Alt up to 230 m. WC
hyssopifolium Willd. = Enicostema axillare subsp. axil-
linoides L. subsp. nana I.Verd.
C. gracilis Salisb. ex Prain (3) lare
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, suffrutex. oldenlandioides (S.Moore) Klack.
Ht 0.07–0.2 m. Alt 5–1017 m. WC E. quinquenervium in sense of authors, misapplied name (4)
maritima Eckl. = C. decumbens Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt ?–1500 m. LIM, M
melampyrifolia Lam. quinquenervium in sense of authors, misapplied name =
Annual. Herb, suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 60–2195 E. oldenlandioides
m. WC, EC
EXOCHAENIUM Griseb. 6483020
palustris Burch. subsp. palustris
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 15–1890 m. LIM, debile Welw. = Sebaea debilis
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC grande (E.Mey.) Griseb. = Sebaea grandis
palustris Burch. subsp. rosacea (Gilg) I.Verd. thomasii (S.Moore) Schinz = Sebaea thomasii
C. rosacea Gilg (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.45–0.7 m. Alt 45–1371 m. S, KZN NEUROTHECA Salisb. ex Benth. 6491000
palustris Burch. subsp. transvaalensis (Gilg) I.Verd. (1) Baker & Brown. 1903. FTA 4,1: 561.
C. transvaalensis Gilg (3) (2) Paiva & Nogueira. 1990. FZ 7: 4–6.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 610–1903 m. B, LIM, congolana De Wild. & T.Durand
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN N. schlechteri Gilg ex Baker (2)
peduncularis Lindl. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt ± 20 m. KZN
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt up to 6 m. EC schlechteri Gilg ex Baker = N. congolana
peglerae Prain
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 365– ORPHIUM E.Mey. 6504000
2285 m. KZN (1) Phillips. 1933. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 13: t. 490.
purpurascens (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f. subsp. humilis (2) Marais & Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 236, 237.
(Gilg) I.Verd. frutescens (L.) E.Mey.
C. humilis Gilg (3) Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, suffrutex. Ht 0.45–
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt 45– 0.6 m. Alt 1–185 m. WC
2100 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN
purpurascens (E.Mey.) Benth. & Hook.f. subsp. pur- PYCNOSPHAERA Gilg 6486000
purascens (1) Brown. 1904. FTA 4,1: 565.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt 140– (2) Paiva & Nogueira. 1990. FZ 7: 47, 48.
1525 m. S, KZN, WC, EC buchananii (Baker) N.E.Br.
rosacea Gilg = C. palustris subsp. rosacea Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt? B
serpyllifolia Lehm. SEBAEA Sol. ex R.Br. 6481000
(1) Schlechter. 1826. Linnaea 1: 191–194.
365 m. EC (2) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: t. 331.
stokoei I.Verd. (3) Marais & Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 172–211.
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, suffrutex. (4) Hilliard & Burtt. 1982. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
Edinburgh 40,2: 277.
Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 600–1130 m. WC (5) Hilliard & Burtt. 1983. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
tetragona L.f. Edinburgh 41,2: 304–306.
Annual. Herb, suffrutex. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 15–975 m. (6) Oliver & Beyers. 2001. Bothalia 31: 207–209.
WC, EC acuminata Hill = S. longicaulis
transvaalensis Gilg = C. palustris subsp. transvaalensis acutiloba Schinz = S. zeyheri subsp. acutiloba
albens (L.f.) Roem. & Schult.
ENICOSTEMA Blume 6484000 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.25 m. Alt 50–150 m. WC
(1) Marais & Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 238.
(2) Raynal. 1969. Adansonia 9: 57–85. ambigua Cham.
(3) Paiva & Nogueira. 1990. FZ 7: 49–51. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.035–0.2 m. Alt 15–1100 m. WC
DICOTYLEDONS GENTIANACEAE Chironia

amicorum I.M.Oliv. & Beyers Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.36 m. Alt 30–2200 m. N, B,

Biennial or perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 1670– LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
1980 m. WC, EC grisebachiana Schinz
aurea (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. S. macrostigma Gilg (3)
S. glauca Hill (3) S. schizostigma Gilg (3)
S. paludosa Levyns (3) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 155–1830 m. WC, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.3 m. Alt 5–1065 m. WC, EC hymenosepala Gilg
bojeri Griseb. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 60–2700 m. EC
S. saccata Schinz (3)
hymenosepala in sense of Schinz, not of Gilg var. gran-
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 365–2600 m. LIM, diflora Hill, misapplied name = S. macrophylla
NW, M, FS, KZN, EC
imbricata Hill = S. natalensis
brehmeri Schinz = S. macrophylla
burchellii Gilg = S. pentandra var. burchellii intermedia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz = S. micrantha
var. intermedia
capitata Cham. & Schltdl. = S. capitata var. capitata
jasminiflora Schinz = S. thomasii
capitata Cham. & Schltdl. var. capitata
S. capitata Cham. & Schltdl. (3) junodii Schinz
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt? WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.2 m. Alt 610–1920 m. B, LIM,
capitata Cham. & Schltdl. var. sclerosepala (Schinz) G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
Marais laxa N.E.Br.
S. sclerosepala Gilg ex Schinz (3) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.25 m. Alt? WC
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 365– leiostyla Gilg
1830 m. WC S. polyantha Gilg (3)
cleistantha (R.A.Dyer) Marais = S. zeyheri subsp. cleis- Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.13–1 m. Alt 61–
tantha 2775 m. LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
compacta A.W.Hill longicaulis Schinz
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.15 m. Alt up to 1830 m. FS, S. acuminata Hill (3)
NC, EC S. grandiflora Schinz (3)
S. macowanii Gilg ex Schinz (3)
confertiflora Schinz = S. sedoides var. confertiflora Biennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 600–2250 m. M,
conrathii Schinz = S. pentandra var. burchellii KZN, L, EC
conspicua Hill = S. procumbens macowanii Gilg ex Schinz = S. longicaulis
debilis (Welw.) Schinz macrantha Gilg = S. rehmannii
Belmontia debilis (Welw.) Schinz (3)
Exochaenium debile Welw. (3) macrophylla Gilg
S. brehmeri Schinz (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt? N S. fastigiata Hill (3)
dregei Schinz = S. stricta S. hymenosepala in sense of Schinz, not of Gilg var. grandiflora
Hill, misapplied name (3)
elongata E.Mey. S. multiflora Schinz (3)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.71 m. Alt 15– S. schinziana Gilg (3)
975 m. WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.75 m. Alt 300–2895 m. M,
erosa Schinz FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
S. pygmaea Schinz (3) macrostigma Gilg = S. grisebachiana
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.16 m. Alt up marlothii Gilg
to 2450 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, L Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 3225–3500 m.
exacoides (L.) Schinz KZN, L
Belmontia cordata (L.f.) E.Mey. (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 30–915 m. NC, WC membranacea A.W.Hill
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 915 m. NC,
exigua (Oliv.) Schinz WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.21 m. Alt up to 1885 m. N,
NW, G, M, FS, L, NC micrantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz var. intermedia
(Cham. & Schltdl.) Marais
fastigiata Hill = S. macrophylla Belmontia cordata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. var. intermedia (Cham. &
filiformis Schinz Schltdl.) Griseb. (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.16 m. Alt 15–2315 m. LIM, S. intermedia (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz (3)
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.2 m. Alt up to 75 m. WC, EC
fourcadei Marais micrantha (Cham. & Schltdl.) Schinz var. micrantha
Belmontia cordata (L.f.) Roem. & Schult. var. micrantha (Cham. &
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt? WC, EC Schltdl.) Griseb. (3)
gilgii Schinz = S. schlechteri Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.2 m. Alt 200–1100 m. WC
glauca Hill = S. aurea minutiflora Schinz
grandiflora Schinz = S. longicaulis Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 30–90 m. WC, EC
grandis (E.Mey.) Steud. minutissima Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Belmontia grandis E.Mey. (3) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt 2200–2600 m. FS,
Exochaenium grande (E.Mey.) Griseb. (3) KZN, L, EC
GENTIANACEAE Sebaea DICOTYLEDONS

multiflora Schinz = S. macrophylla schoenlandii Schinz = S. sedoides var. schoenlandii

natalensis Schinz sclerosepala Gilg ex Schinz = S. capitata var. sclero-
S. imbricata Hill (3) sepala
S. rudolfii Schinz (3)
S. vitellina Schinz (3) sedoides Gilg in part = S. sedoides var. schoenlandii
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 30–2900 m. M, S, sedoides Gilg in part = S. sedoides var. sedoides
FS, KZN, L, EC sedoides Gilg var. confertiflora (Schinz) Marais
ochroleuca Wolley-Dod = S. schlechteri S. confertiflora Schinz (3)
paludosa Levyns = S. aurea Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.65 m. Alt 460–2440 m. LIM,
M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
pentandra E.Mey. var. burchellii (Gilg) Marais
S. burchellii Gilg (3) sedoides Gilg var. schoenlandii (Schinz) Marais
S. conrathii Schinz (3) S. schoenlandii Schinz (3)
S. sedoides Gilg in part (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.3 m. Alt up to 1405 m. N, B,
NW, G, FS, NC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.65 m. Alt 25–2135 m. M, S,
FS, KZN
pentandra E.Mey. var. pentandra
S. primulina Hill (3) sedoides Gilg var. sedoides
S. sedoides Gilg in part (3)
NW, G, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 15–2600 m. LIM,
M, S, FS, KZN, L
pleurostigmatosa Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt up to 2438 m. spathulata (E.Mey.) Steud.
Belmontia flanaganii Schinz (3)
KZN Belmontia spathulata E.Mey. (3)
polyantha Gilg = S. leiostyla Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt up to
primulina Hill = S. pentandra var. pentandra 3355 m. FS, KZN, L, EC
procumbens A.W.Hill stricta (E.Mey.) Gilg
S. conspicua Hill (3) S. dregei Schinz (3)
S. rotundifolia Hill (3) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 488–490 m. WC,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.22 m. Alt 728–3050 m. FS, EC
KZN, L, EC sulphurea Cham. & Schltdl.
pusilla Eckl. ex Cham. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.15 m. Alt 30–1067 m. WC
S. pusilla Eckl. ex Cham. var. major Hill (3) thodeana Gilg
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt 18–1145 m. NC, Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 3475 m.
WC KZN, L, EC
pusilla Eckl. ex Cham. var. major Hill = S. pusilla thomasii (S.Moore) Schinz
pygmaea Schinz = S. erosa Exochaenium thomasii (S.Moore) Schinz (3)
S. jasminiflora Schinz (3)
radiata Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 2895 m. FS,
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt up to 2179 m. KZN, L, EC
KZN
thomasii (S.Moore) Schinz × S. spathulata (E.Mey.)
ramosissima Gilg Steud.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 105–2075 m. EC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 2250 m.
rara Wolley-Dod KZN
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt up to 90 m. WC vitellina Schinz = S. natalensis
rehmannii Schinz
S. macrantha Gilg (3) zeyheri Schinz subsp. acutiloba (Schinz) Marais
S. acutiloba Schinz (3)
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.65 m. Alt up Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 155–670 m. WC,
to 2620 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC EC
repens Schinz zeyheri Schinz subsp. cleistantha (R.A.Dyer) Marais
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.06 m. Alt up to 2900 m. S. cleistantha (R.A.Dyer) Marais (3)
LIM, M, KZN, L, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt up to 610 m. EC
rotundifolia Hill = S. procumbens zeyheri Schinz subsp. zeyheri
rudolfii Schinz = S. natalensis Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt up to 91 m. WC
saccata Schinz = S. bojeri
scabra Schinz SWERTIA L. 6512000
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.2 m. Alt 45–1650 m. NC, (1) Engler. 1891. Abhandlungen der Preussischen Akademie der
WC Wissenschaften: 337–340.
(2) Marais & Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 240, 241.
schinziana Gilg = S. macrophylla (3) Paiva & Nogueira. 1990. FZ 7: 28.
schizostigma Gilg = S. grisebachiana (4) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
schlechteri Schinz
S. gilgii Schinz (3) welwitschii Engl.
S. ochroleuca Wolley-Dod (3) Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.18–0.8 m. Alt 915–
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.12 m. Alt 14–915 m. WC 2135 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, L
DICOTYLEDONS GENTIANACEAE Sebaea

GERANIACEAE
Compiled by T. Nkonki, L.L. Dreyer, H.F. Glen & K. Maserumule
ERODIUM L’Hér. 3927000 canescens L’Hér.

G. glandulosum Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
(1) Knuth. 1912. Das Pflanzenreich 4, 129 (Heft 53): 221–290.
(2) El-Oqlah. 1989. Feddes Repertorium 100: 97–118. Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 338–
(3) Venter & Verhoeven. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 2100 m. WC
79–82.
(4) Vorster. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 516–528.
chium L. = Erodium chium
botrys (Cav.) Bertol. cicutarium L. = Erodium cicutarium
Geranium botrys Cav. (1) contortum Eckl. & Zeyh.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 183–640 m. EC Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 610–
botrys (Cav.) Bertol. var. brachycarpum Godr. = E. brachy- 1769 m. EC
carpum discolor Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
brachycarpum (Godr.) Thell. Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 610–
E. botrys (Cav.) Bertol. var. brachycarpum Godr. (1) 1450 m. EC
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 640–999 m. EC *dissectum L.
chium (L.) Willd. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt? EC
Geranium chium L. (1)
drakensbergensis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Annual. Herb. Ht 1.2–1.8 m. Alt 45–244 m. EC Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 1220–2745 m. KZN
*cicutarium (L.) L’Hér. dregei Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
E. praecox Willd. (1)
Geranium cicutarium L. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.9–1.2 m. Alt up to 1676 m. FS,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.5 m. Alt 550–2400 m. FS, L, EC
WC, EC emarginatum L.f. = Monsonia emarginata
incarnatum L’Hér. = Pelargonium incarnatum flanaganii R.Knuth
malacoides (L.) L’Hér. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.8 m. Alt 3–1525 m. S, KZN,
Geranium malacoides L. (1) EC
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 15– glandulosum Eckl. & Zeyh. = G. canescens
1280 m. WC grandistipulatum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
moschatum (L.) L’Hér. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 2060 m. EC
Geranium moschatum L. (1)
harveyi Briq.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.7 m. Alt 20– G. sericeum Harv. (1)
900 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.14 m. Alt 1220–2196 m.
praecox Willd. = E. cicutarium NC, WC, EC
heterophyllum Thunb. = Pelargonium violiflorum
GERANIUM L. 3924000
incanum Burm.f. subsp. nyassense (R.Knuth) J.R.Laundon
Edinburgh 42: 171–225. = G. nyassense
(2) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique incanum Burm.f. var. β = G. incanum var. multifidum
(3) Yeo. 1997. European garden flora 5: 26–50.
incanum Burm.f. var. glabrius R.Knuth = G. multisec-
tum
alticola Schltr. ex R.Knuth = G. sparsiflorum
incanum Burm.f. var. grandicalyculatum R.Knuth = G.
amatolicum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt multisectum
incanum Burm.f. var. incanum
angustipetalum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 10–610 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt? KZN
incanum Burm.f. var. multifidum (Sweet) Hilliard &
arabicum Forssk. subsp. arabicum B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt up to 2345 m. EC G. incanum Burm.f. var. β (1)
baurianum R.Knuth G. multifidum Sweet (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 152–1768 m. KZN, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 5–2050 m. WC, EC
botrys Cav. = Erodium botrys incanum Burm.f. var. pottiae Burtt Davy = G. robus-
tum
brycei N.E.Br.
G. thodei R.Knuth (1) incanum Burm.f. var. purpureum Burtt Davy = G. mul-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 2250– tisectum
3202 m. FS, KZN, L, EC knysnaense R.Knuth = G. ornithopodon
bubonifolium Andrews = Pelargonium bubonifolium lanuginosum R.Knuth = G. pulchrum
caffrum Eckl. & Zeyh. magniflorum R.Knuth
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 305–1680 m. KZN, Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 2196–3477 m. FS, KZN, L,
NC, WC, EC EC
GERANIACEAE Erodium DICOTYLEDONS

malacoides L. = Erodium malacoides alexandraensis R.Knuth = M. grandifolia

*molle L. angustifolia E.Mey. ex A.Rich.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.45 m. Alt 30–1769 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.5 m. Alt 823–2336 m. N, B,
moschatum L. = Erodium moschatum LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
multifidum Sweet = G. incanum var. multifidum attenuata Harv.
M. belfastensis R.Knuth (3)
multisectum N.E.Br. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 1525–2257 m. M,
G. incanum Burm.f. var. glabrius R.Knuth (1)
G. incanum Burm.f. var. grandicalyculatum R.Knuth (1) S, FS, KZN
G. incanum Burm.f. var. purpureum Burtt Davy (1) belfastensis R.Knuth = M. attenuata
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–2.8 m. Alt 1433–2440 m. M, betschuanica R.Knuth = M. burkeana
FS, KZN, L, EC
biflora DC. = M. burkeana
natalense Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 1311–1677 m. KZN, EC brevirostrata R.Knuth
Annual. Geophyte, scrambler. Ht 0.04–0.3 m. Alt 1525–
nyassense R.Knuth 3000 m. M, FS, KZN, L
G. incanum Burm.f. subsp. nyassense (R.Knuth) J.R.Laundon (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt up to 1385 m. EC burkeana Planch. ex Harv.
M. betschuanica R.Knuth (3)
ornithopodioides Hilliard & B.L.Burtt M. biflora DC. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt up to 1981 m. KZN M. glandulosissima Schinz (3)
M. malvaeflora Schinz (3)
ornithopodon Eckl. & Zeyh.
G. knysnaense R.Knuth (1) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 427–2000 m. N, B,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 122–1830 m. WC, LIM, G, FS, L, EC
EC depressa Dinter ex Schinz = M. deserticola
ornithopodon Eckl. & Zeyh. var. album Kuntze = G. deserticola Dinter ex R.Knuth
wakkerstroomianum M. depressa Dinter ex Schinz (3)
ornithopodon Eckl. & Zeyh. var. lilacinum Kuntze = G. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.08 m. Alt? N
schlechteri drudeana Schinz
pulchrum N.E.Br. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.08 m. Alt up to 100 m. N
G. lanuginosum R.Knuth (1) emarginata (L.f.) L’Hér.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt up to 1921 Geranium emarginatum L.f. (3)
M. ovata Cav. (3)
m. KZN, EC
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 6–2135
*purpureum Vill. m. WC, EC
galpinii Schltr. ex R.Knuth
robustum Kuntze Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? EC
G. incanum Burm.f. var. pottiae Burtt Davy (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1.8 m. Alt 1525–2592 glandulosissima Schinz = M. burkeana
m. M, FS, KZN, L, EC glauca R.Knuth
M. ovata Cav. subsp. glauca (R.Knuth) Bowden & F.S.Mull. (3)
*rotundifolium L. M. stricta R.Knuth (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt? WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.45 m. Alt 315–1554 m. N,
schlechteri R.Knuth B, LIM, NW, L, EC
G. ornithopodon Eckl. & Zeyh. var. lilacinum Kuntze (1)
grandifolia R.Knuth
Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht? Alt 1372–2623 m. M, M. alexandraensis R.Knuth (3)
FS, KZN, L, EC M. lanceolata (Schinz) R.Knuth (3)
M. rudatisii R.Knuth (3)
sericeum Harv. = G. harveyi
sparsiflorum R.Knuth EC
G. alticola Schltr. ex R.Knuth (1)
Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht? Alt 1220–2300 m. EC ignorata Merxm. & A.Schreib.
subglabrum Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.3 m. Alt up to 450 m. N
Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 10– l’heritieri DC. = Sarcocaulon l’heritieri
1372 m. EC lanceolata (Schinz) R.Knuth = M. grandifolia
thodei R.Knuth = G. brycei lanuginosa R.Knuth
wakkerstroomianum R.Knuth Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 1750–2120 m. M
G. ornithopodon Eckl. & Zeyh. var. album Kuntze (1) luederitziana Focke & Schinz
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.9 m. Alt 1220–2592 m. M, M. namaensis Dinter (3)
S, FS, KZN, L, EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 190–1280 m. N, NC
malvaeflora Schinz = M. burkeana
MONSONIA L. 3925000
(1) Bolus. 1930. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 10: t. 399. multifida E.Mey. = Sarcocaulon multifidum
(2) Dyer. 1958. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1278. namaensis Dinter = M. luederitziana
(3) Venter. 1979. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen
79-9: 1–128. natalensis R.Knuth
(4) Vorster. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 516–528. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 91–500 m. KZN
DICOTYLEDONS GERANIACEAE Geranium

obcordata E.Mey. = Sarcocaulon l’heritieri (31) Vorster. 1987. South African Journal of Botany 53: 65–70, 71–74.
(32) Van der Walt & Van Zyl. 1988. South African Journal of Botany
ovata Cav. = M. emarginata 54: 145–171.
ovata Cav. subsp. glauca (R.Knuth) Bowden & (33) Van der Walt & Vorster. 1988. Pelargoniums of southern Africa 3.
F.S.Mull. = M. glauca (34) Marais. 1989. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1987.
(35) Van der Walt et al. 1989. Plant Systematics and Evolution 171: 15–26.
parvifolia Schinz (36) Barker. 1990. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: t. 2019.
M. senegalensis Guill. & Perr. var. hirsutissima Harv. (3) (37) Dreyer & Van der Walt. 1990. South African Journal of Botany
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.8 m. Alt 290–1006 m. N, 56: 65–67.
NC (38) Marais. 1990. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: t. 2018.
(39) Marais. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 565–570.
praemorsa E.Mey. ex R.Knuth (40) Scheltema & Van der Walt. 1990. South African Journal of Botany
M. senecioides R.Knuth (3) 56: 285–302.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 3–427 m. KZN (41) Van der Walt et al. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 467–470.
rehmii Suess. = M. umbellata (42) Van der Walt et al. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 560–564.
(43) Van der Walt et al. 1990. Plant Systematics and Evolution 171: 15–26.
rudatisii R.Knuth = M. grandifolia (44) Van der Walt & Roux. 1991. South African Journal of Botany 57:
senecioides R.Knuth = M. praemorsa 291–293.
senegalensis Guill. & Perr. tropicale 1: 106.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 500–1485 m. N, (46) Marais. 1991. South African Journal of Botany 57: 55, 56.
B, LIM (47) Van Jaarsveld. 1991. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: t. 2035.
(48) Albers et al. 1992. Plant Systematics and Evolution 179: 257–276.
senegalensis Guill. & Perr. var. hirsutissima Harv. = M. (49) Dreyer et al. 1992. Plant Systematics and Evolution 183: 83–97.
parvifolia (50) Dreyer et al. 1992. The Flowering Plants of Africa 52: t. 2059.
speciosa L. (51) Marais. 1992. South African Journal of Botany 58: 220–223.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 36–305 m. WC (52) Coetzee & Van der Walt. 1992. South African Journal of Botany
58: 77–82.
spinosa L’Hér. = Sarcocaulon l’heritieri (53) Vorster. 1992. The Flowering Plants of Africa 52: t. 2060.
stricta R.Knuth = M. glauca (54) Marais. 1993. South African Journal of Botany 59: 123–134.
(55) Marais. 1994. Taxonomic studies in Pelargonium, section Hoarea
transvaalensis R.Knuth (Geraniaceae). Ph.D. thesis, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 1525–2300 m. M (56) Marais. 1994. South African Journal of Botany 60: 333–339.
trilobata Kers (57) Van der Walt et al. 1995. South African Journal of Botany 61: 331–338.
(58) Albers et al. 1995. South African Journal of Botany 61: 339–346.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt? N (59) Dreyer et al. 1995. South African Journal of Botany 61: 325–330.
umbellata Harv. (60) Lavranos et al. 1995. Flowering Plants of Africa 54: t. 2109.
M. rehmii Suess. (3) (61) Marais & Condy. 1995. Flowering Plants of Africa 54: t. 2108.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 490–1250 m. N, (62) Marais 1995. Flowering Plants of Africa 57: t. 2018.
(63) Marais. 1995. South African Journal of Botany 61: 90–100.
NC (64) Van Wyk & Van der Walt. 1995. Bothalia 25: 133–139.
(65) Maggs et al. 1995. South African Journal of Botany 61: 53–59, 173–179.
PELARGONIUM L’Hér. 3928000 (66) Marais. 1996. South African Journal of Botany 62: 225–227, 228–230.
(1) Harvey. 1860. FC 1: 254–308. (67) Vorster. 1996. South African Journal of Botany 62: 54–56.
(2) Knuth. 1912. Das Pflanzenreich 4, 129 (Heft 53): 316–545. (68) Van der Walt et al. 1997. South African Journal of Botany 63: 4–21.
(3) Phillips. 1922. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 2: t. 52. (69) Marais. 1997. South African Journal of Botany 63: 68–73, 82–89.
(4) Phillips. 1924. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 4: t. 146. (70) Marais. 1998. South African Journal of Botany 64: 308–311.
(5) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: t. 335. (71) Marais. 1999. South African Journal of Botany 65: 50–58, 404–406.
(6) Leighton. 1933. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 13: t. 512. (72) Maggs et al. 1999. South African Journal of Botany 65: 115–143.
(7) Phillips. 1937. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 17: t. 671. (73) Albers et al. 2000. South African Journal of Botany 66: 31–43.
(8) Dyer. 1940. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 20: tt. 780, (74) Dreyer & Marais. 2000. South African Journal of Botany 66: 44–51.
794, 795. (75) Meve et al. 2000. South African Journal of Botany 66: 96–98.
(9) Dyer. 1945. The Flowering Plants of Africa 25: tt. 971, 981. (76) Vorster. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 516–528.
(10) Van Druten. 1952. The Flowering Plants of Africa 29: t. 1134. (77) Craib & Condy 2001. Flowering Plants of Africa 57: t. 2174.
(11) Dyer. 1953. The Flowering Plants of Africa 29: t. 1145. (78) Marais & Condy 2001. Flowering Plants of Africa 57: t. 2175.
(12) Leighton. 1959. The Flowering Plants of Africa 33: t. 1282.
(13) Müller. 1963. Flora zambesiaca 2: 140–149. abrotanifolium (L.f.) Jacq.
(14) Dyer. 1966. The Flowering Plants of Africa 37: t. 1475. P. incisum (Andrews) Willd. (20)
(15) Merxmüller. 1966. FSWA 64: 5–13. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 37–
(16) Vorster. 1973. The Flowering Plants of Africa 42: t. 1669. 2196 m. FS, WC, EC
(17) Van der Walt & Vorster. 1977. Pelargoniums of southern Africa 1.
(18) Van der Walt. 1978. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: t. 1773. acerifolium (Mill.) L’Hér. = P. cucullatum subsp. strigi-
(19) Dyer. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: t. 1800. folium
(20) Van der Walt & Vorster. 1980. Journal of South African Botany
46: 279–281, 283–292.
acetosum (L.) L’Hér.
(21) Marais et al. 1981. Journal of South African Botany 47: 573–576. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 80–300 m.
(22) Van der Walt & Vorster. 1981. Bothalia 13: 431–433. EC
(23) Van der Walt & Vorster. 1981. Pelargoniums of southern Africa 2.
(24) Olivier & Van der Walt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany
aciculatum E.M.Marais
50: 1–14. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC
(25) Van der Walt. 1985. Bothalia 15: 345–385. aconitophyllum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. = P. luridum
(26) Van der Walt & Boucher. 1986. South African Journal of Botany
52: 438–462. acraeum R.A.Dyer
(27) Vorster. 1986. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: tt. 1923, 1924. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 1200–1970 m. M, S,
(28) Vorster. 1986. South African Journal of Botany 52: 184–186, 268, KZN
383, 384, 481–484.
(29) Nordenstam. 1987. Plant Systematics and Evolution 155: 333–337. aestivale E.M.Marais
(30) Vorster. 1987. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1947. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC, EC
GERANIACEAE Monsonia DICOTYLEDONS

affine (Poir.) G.Don = P. longiflorum articulatum (Cav.) Willd.

album J.J.A.van der Walt Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 300–1525 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, scrambler. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt up NC, WC
to 900 m. M asarifolium (Sweet) Loudon
P. arachnoideum R.Knuth (2)
alchemillifolium Salisb. = P. alchemilloides
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.13–0.3 m. Alt up to 300 m.
alchemilloides (L.) L’Hér. WC
P. alchemillifolium Salisb. (17)
P. malvaefolium Jacq. (17) astragalifolium (Cav.) Jacq. = P. pinnatum
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 3–3000 m. astragalifolium (Cav.) Jacq. var. foliolosum (DC.) Harv.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC = P. viciifolium
alpinum Eckl. & Zeyh. astragalifolium (Cav.) Jacq. var. minor Harv. = P. vicii-
P. marlothii R.Knuth (2) folium
m. WC astragalifolium (in sense of Andrews) Loudon = P. tri-
foliolatum
alternans J.C.Wendl.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt astragalifolium (in sense of Andrews) Loudon var. trifo-
153–1830 m. WC liolatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. = P. trifoliolatum
althaeoides (L.) L’Hér. atrum L’Hér. = P. auritum var. auritum
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 610–2250 attenuatum Harv.
m. FS, L, EC Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? WC
amabile Dinter = P. sibthorpiifolium auriculatum Willd. = P. longifolium
amatymbicum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. = P. schizopetalum auritum (L.) Willd. = P. auritum var. auritum
andrewsii (Sweet) G.Don = P. longifolium auritum (L.) Willd. subsp. auritum J.J.A.van der Walt &
anethifolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. Vorster = P. auritum var. auritum
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 640–826 m. auritum (L.) Willd. subsp. carneum (Harv.) J.J.A.van der
WC Walt = P. auritum var. carneum
angulosum (Mill.) L’Hér. = P. cucullatum subsp. cucul- auritum (L.) Willd. var. auritum
latum P. atrum L’Hér. (55)
angustifolium (Thunb.) DC. = P. longiflorum P. auritum (L.) Willd. (55)
P. auritum (L.) Willd. subsp. auritum J.J.A.van der Walt & Vorster (55)
angustipetalum E.M.Marais P. dioicum Aiton (55)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–1.2 m. Alt? NC P. hirsutum (Burm.f.) Aiton (55)
P. hirsutum (Burm.f.) Aiton var. melananthum (Jacq.) Harv. (55)
angustissimum E.Mey. = P. coronopifolium P. melananthon Jacq. (55)
antidysentericum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kostel. subsp. anti- P. undulaeflorum (Sweet) G.Don (55)
dysentericum Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt 61–999 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 610–915 m. N, NC, WC, EC
WC auritum (L.) Willd. var. carneum (Harv.) E.M.Marais
P. auritum (L.) Willd. subsp. carneum (Harv.) J.J.A.van der Walt (55)
antidysentericum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kostel. subsp. inerme P. ensatum (Thunb.) DC. (55)
Scheltema P. hirsutum (Burm.f.) Sol. var. carneum Harv. (20)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt? N, NC, WC P. ovalifolium (Sweet) DC. (55)
P. reticulatum (Sweet) DC. (55)
antidysentericum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Kostel. subsp. zonale P. strigosum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. (55)
Scheltema Perennial. Geophyte Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt? EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt? N, NC, WC
barbatum Jacq. = P. proliferum
apiifolium (Andrews) Loudon = P. petronelinifolium
appendiculatum (L.f.) Willd. barklyi Scott-Elliot
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt up to 167 m. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 610–1950 m.
WC NC
arachnoideum R.Knuth = P. asarifolium bechuanicum Burtt Davy = P. dolomiticum
aridicola E.M.Marais bechuanicum Burtt Davy var. latisectum Burtt Davy = P.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC dolomiticum
betulinum (L.) L’Hér.
aridum R.A.Dyer P. georgense R.Knuth (25)
P. dissectum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (33)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, Ht 0.3–1.3 m. Alt 15–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 519–1830 259 m. WC
m. NW, FS, L, EC
bicolor (Jacq.) L’Hér.
aristatum Steud. = P. aristatum Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC
aristatum (Sweet) G.Don bifolium (Burm.f.) Willd.
P. aristatum Steud. (63)
P. recurvatum (Sweet) G.Don (45) Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.09–0.3 m. Alt? WC bijugum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. = P. chelidonium
artemisiifolium DC. = P. divisifolium bipinnatifidum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. = P. longifolium
DICOTYLEDONS GERANIACEAE Pelargonium

bowkeri Harv. caucalidifolium Schltr. = P. crassipes

Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 458–2200 m. caucalifolium Jacq. subsp. caucalifolium
M, S, FS, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 15–
brevipetalum N.E.Br. 1830 m. WC, EC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC caucalifolium Jacq. subsp. convolvulifolium (Schltr.
brevirostre R.A.Dyer ex R.Knuth) J.J.A.van der Walt
Annual. Herb, scrambler. Ht? Alt 1067–1891 m. WC P. convolvulifolium Schltr. ex R.Knuth (26)
bubonifolium (Andrews) Pers.
Geranium bubonifolium Andrews (69) m. WC
P. congestum (Sweet) G.Don (69) cavanillesii Knuth = P. heterophyllum
P. namaquense R.Knuth (69)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.01–0.2 m. Alt? N, NC centauroides DC. = P. incrassatum
burgerianum J.J.A.van der Walt ceratophyllum L’Hér.
P. hospitans Dinter (23)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht? Alt? WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt?
burtoniae L.Bolus N, NC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC chamaedryfolium Jacq.
caespitosum Turcz. subsp. caespitosum Annual, occ. perennial. Herb or scrambler. Ht 0.05–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 838–1220 0.1 m. Alt 50–960 m. WC
m. WC chelidonium (Houtt.) DC.
caespitosum Turcz. subsp. concavum Hugo P. bijugum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. (62)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 335–915 P. ficaria Willd. (62)
P. meyeri Harv. (62)
m. WC P. revolutum (Andrews) Pers. (62)
caffrum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. P. trilobum (Thunb.) DC. (62)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 183–1678 m. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.01–0.2 m. Alt 61–122 m.
WC, EC WC
caledonicum L.Bolus ciliatum (Cav.) Pers. = P. proliferum
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC ciliatum Jacq. = P. longifolium
calviniae R.Knuth ciliatum L’Hér. = P. heterophyllum
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC
citronellum J.J.A.van der Walt
campestre (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 390–570 m. WC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.06–0.14 m. Alt? EC
columbinum Jacq.
canariense Willd. = P. candicans Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 27–
candicans Spreng. 2400 m. WC
P. canariense Willd. (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, scrambler. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt concavifolium Pers. = P. radicatum
60–700 m. WC, EC condensatum Pers. = P. incrassatum
capillare (Cav.) Willd. confertum E.M.Marais
P. leptopodium Bolus (23)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? NC
P. mahernium L’Hér. ex DC. (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 457–1600 congestum (Sweet) G.Don = P. bubonifolium
m. WC connivens E.M.Marais
capitatum (L.) L’Hér. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 1– conspicuum (Sweet) G.Don = P. grenvilleae
1300 m. KZN, WC, EC
convolvulifolium Schltr. ex R.Knuth = P. caucalifolium
capituliforme R.Knuth subsp. convolvulifolium
cordatum L’Hér. = P. cordifolium
2592 m. KZN, L, EC
cordatum L’Hér. var. lanatum (Thunb.) Harv. = P. cordi-
cardiophyllum Harv. = P. setulosum
folium
carinatum J.C.Wendl. = P. rapaceum
cordatum L’Hér. var. rubrocinctum (Link) Harv. = P.
carneum Jacq. cordifolium
P. maximiliani Schltr. (55)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 854–1068 m. cordifolium (Cav.) Curtis
P. cordatum L’Hér. (25)
WC, EC P. cordatum L’Hér. var. lanatum (Thunb.) Harv. (25)
carnosum (L.) L’Hér. P. cordatum L’Hér. var. rubrocinctum (Link) Harv. (25)
P. eberlanzii R.Knuth (21) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 91–1220 m. WC,
P. ferulaceum (Burm.f.) Willd. (17) EC
coronopifolium Jacq.
976 m. N, NC, WC, EC P. angustissimum E.Mey. (32)
caroli-henrici B.Nord. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 425–1311
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.11–0.25 m. Alt? WC m. WC
GERANIACEAE Pelargonium DICOTYLEDONS

cortusifolium L’Hér. dissectum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. = P. aridum

P. monsoniaefolium Dinter ex R.Knuth (15)
divaricatum (Thunb.) DC. = P. fruticosum
30–610 m. N diversifolium J.C.Wendl. = P. laevigatum subsp. diversi-
corydaliflorum (Sweet) DC. = P. rapaceum folium
cradockense (Kuntze) R.Knuth = P. dichondrifolium divisifolium Vorster
P. artemisiifolium DC. (33)
crassicaule L’Hér. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 549–1220
P. mirabile Dinter (23)
m. WC
up to 61 m. N, NC dolomiticum R.Knuth
P. bechuanicum Burtt Davy (23)
crassipes Harv. P. bechuanicum Burtt Davy var. latisectum Burtt Davy (23)
P. caucalidifolium Schltr. (17) P. juttae Dinter (23)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt up to 183 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 1067–2336
m. NC, WC m. N, B, NW, G, M, S, FS
crinitum Harv. = P. radiatum eberlanzii Dinter = P. sibthorpiifolium
crispum (P.J.Bergius) L’Hér. eberlanzii R.Knuth = P. carnosum
echinatum Curtis
1662 m. WC
crithmifolium Sm. 15–1080 m. NC, WC
elegans (Andrews) Willd.
40–920 m. N, NC, WC P. ovale (Burm.f.) L’Hér. subsp. ovatum Harv. (32)
cucullatum (L.) L’Hér. in part = P. cucullatum subsp. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 15–450 m.
tabulare WC, EC
cucullatum (L.) L’Hér. subsp. cucullatum ellaphieae E.M.Marais
P. angulosum (Mill.) L’Hér. (25) P. marginatum R.Knuth (21)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 6–427 m. WC Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt up to 15 m.
cucullatum (L.) L’Hér. subsp. strigifolium Volschenk WC
P. acerifolium (Mill.) L’Hér. (25)
elongatum (Cav.) Salisb.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.75 m. Alt 50–762 m. WC Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 30–2160 m. L,
cucullatum (L.) L’Hér. subsp. tabulare Volschenk EC
P. cucullatum (L.) L’Hér. in part (25)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 152–915 m. WC englerianum R.Knuth
cucullatum (L.) L’Hér. × P. betulinum (L.) L’Hér. 1311 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? WC
ensatum (Thunb.) DC. = P. auritum var. carneum
curviandrum E.M.Marais
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? erectum R.Knuth = P. glutinosum
WC erythrophyllum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. = P. dipetalum
damarense R.Knuth = P. otaviense eupatoriifolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud.
dasyphyllum E.Mey. ex R.Knuth Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt exhibens Vorster
190–824 m. NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? EC
denticulatum Jacq. exstipulatum (Cav.) L’Hér.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 260–1600 m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 61–610 m.
depressum Jacq. = P. longiflorum WC
desertorum Vorster fasciculaceum E.M.Marais
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? NC, WC
up to 1500 m. NC fergusoniae L.Bolus
dichondrifolium DC. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.12–0.22 m. Alt? WC
P. cradockense (Kuntze) R.Knuth (33) ferulaceum (Burm.f.) Willd. = P. carnosum
P. middletonianum R.Knuth (33)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 610–1677 m. EC ficaria Willd. = P. chelidonium
dioicum Aiton = P. auritum var. auritum filicaule R.Knuth = P. grossularioides
dipetalum L’Hér. fissifolium (Andrews) Pers.
P. floribundum (Andrews) Aiton (45)
P. erythrophyllum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. (55)
P. l’héritieri (Sweet) G.Don (55) Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.07–0.14 m. Alt 800–1000
P. nivenii Harv. (55) m. WC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt 15–160 m. flabellifolium Harv. = P. luridum
WC, EC
flavum (Burm.f.) L’Hér. = P. triste
dispar N.E.Br.
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, scrambler. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. floribundum (Andrews) Aiton = P. fissifolium
Alt 1982–2100 m. M, FS, KZN foliolosum DC. = P. viciifolium

fragile (Andrews) Willd. = P. trifidum hantamianum R.Knuth

frutetorum R.A.Dyer Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.18–0.19 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? EC harveyanum R.Knuth = P. hypoleucum
fruticosum (Cav.) Willd. hemicyclicum Hutch. & C.A.Sm.
P. divaricatum (Thunb.) DC. (23) Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 10–1622 m. heracleifolium Lodd. = P. radulifolium
WC, EC hermanniifolium (P.J.Bergius) Jacq.
fulgidum (L.) L’Hér. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 274–1311 m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent, scrambler. Ht 0.4–1 heterolobum DC. = P. violiflorum
m. Alt 15–183 m. NC, WC
heterophyllum (Andrews) Loudon = P. longifolium
fumariifolium R.Knuth
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? N, NC, WC heterophyllum Jacq.
P. cavanillesii Knuth (55)
fumarioides L’Hér. ex Harv. = P. minimum P. ciliatum L’Hér. (55)
P. hirtum Willd. (55)
georgense R.Knuth = P. betulinum P. longifolium (Burm.f.) Jacq. var. ciliatum (L’Hér.) Harv. (55)
P. oxalidifolium (Andrews) Pers. (55)
gibbosum (L.) L’Hér. P. pilosum (Cav.) Steud. (55)
Perennial. Succulent, scrambler. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 6– Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 610–1525 m. WC,
1555 m. WC EC
gilgianum Schltr. ex R.Knuth hirsutum (Burm.f.) Aiton = P. auritum var. auritum
hirsutum (Burm.f.) Aiton. var. carneum Harv. = P. auri-
githagineum E.M.Marais tum var. carneum
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC
hirsutum (Burm.f.) Aiton. var. melananthum (Jacq.) Harv.
glabriphyllum E.M.Marais = P. auritum var. auritum
hirsutum Loudon = P. undulatum
glaucum (L.f.) L’Hér. = P. lanceolatum
hirtipetalum E.M.Marais
glutinosum (Jacq.) L’Hér. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.07–0.16 m. Alt? NC, WC
P. erectum R.Knuth (24)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.8 m. Alt 122–2000 m. WC, hirtum (Burm.f.) Jacq.
EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 137–183 m.
WC
gracile (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC hirtum Willd. = P. heterophyllum
hispidum (L.f.) Willd.
gracilipes R.Knuth
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 300–1400 m. WC
hollandii F.M.Leight. = P. pulverulentum
gracillimum Fourc.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC, EC hospitans Dinter = P. ceratophyllum
hypoleucum Turcz.
grandicalcaratum R.Knuth P. harveyanum R.Knuth (33)
P. squarrosum Dinter (15)
Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt up to 155
m. WC, EC
m. N, NC, WC
hystrix Harv.
grandiflorum (Andrews) Willd.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt?
WC
m. WC
incarnatum (L’Hér.) Moench
graniticum R.Knuth = P. sibthorpiifolium Erodium incarnatum L’Hér. (41)
graveolens L’Hér. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 140–1220
P. intermedium R.Knuth (25) m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.3 m. Alt 120–2050 m. LIM, incisum (Andrews) Willd. = P. abrotanifolium
M, EC
incrassatum (Andrews) Sims
grenvilleae (Andrews) Harv. P. centauroides DC. (55)
P. conspicuum (Sweet) G.Don (55) P. condensatum Pers. (55)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.07–0.15 m. Alt? NC P. roseum (Andrews) Aiton (55)
greytonense J.J.A.van der Walt Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 650–1500 m. NC,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 457–915 m. WC WC
griseum R.Knuth inquinans (L.) L’Hér.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1769–2287 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 61–1829 m. M, KZN,
m. EC EC
grossularioides (L.) L’Hér. intermedium R.Knuth = P. graveolens
P. filicaule R.Knuth (13) iocastum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud.
Annual occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 6– Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 180–
2795 m. FS, KZN, L, WC, EC 1373 m. WC

ionidiflorum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 15–884 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 167–915 m. EC WC
jacobii R.A.Dyer = P. klinghardtense longiflorum Jacq.
P. affine (Poir.) G.Don (55)
juttae Dinter = P. dolomiticum P. angustifolium (Thunb.) DC. (55)
karooicum Compton & P.E.Barnes P. depressum Jacq. (55)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt P. lineare (Andrews) Pers. (55)
P. longiflorum Jacq. var. depressum (Jacq.) Loudon (55)
250–732 m. NC, WC P. longifolium (Burm.f.) Jacq. var. longiflorum(Jacq.) Harv. (55)
karrooense R.Knuth = P. quercifolium P. rumicifolium (Sweet) Loudon (55)
P. spathulatum (Andrews) Pers. (55)
klinghardtense R.Knuth P. spathulatum (Andrews) Pers. var. affine (Poir.) Loudon (55)
P. jacobii R.A.Dyer (15) P. spathulatum (Andrews) Pers. var. curvifolium (Andrews) Knuth (55)
P. paradoxum Dinter (15)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.13–0.3 m. Alt? NC, WC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.8 m. Alt? N, NC
laciniatum R.Knuth longiflorum Jacq. var. depressum (Jacq.) Loudon = P.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt up to 550 m. WC longiflorum
laciniatum (Andrews) Pers. = P. proliferum longifolium (Burm.f.) Jacq.
P. andrewsii (Sweet) G.Don (55)
ladysmithianum R.Knuth P. auriculatum Willd. (55)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC P. bipinnatifidum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. (55)
P. ciliatum Jacq. (17)
laevigatum (L.f.) Willd. subsp. diversifolium (J.C.Wendl.) P. heterophyllum (Andrews) Loudon (55)
Schonken P. lancifolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. (55)
P. diversifolium J.C.Wendl. (23) Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 61–1220 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 915–1830 m. WC
WC, EC
longifolium (Burm.f.) Jacq. var. ciliatum (L’Hér.) Harv.
laevigatum (L.f.) Willd. subsp. laevigatum = P. heterophyllum
longifolium (Burm.f.) Jacq. var. longiflorum (Jacq.) Harv.
WC, EC
= P. longiflorum
laevigatum (L.f.) Willd. subsp. oxyphyllum (DC.)
longifolium (Burm.f.) Jacq. var. nivea (Sweet) R.Knuth
Schonken
= P. violiflorum
WC, EC longifolium (Burm.f.) Jacq. var. parnassioides (DC.)
Knuth = P. proliferum
lancifolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. = P. longifolium
longifolium (Burm.f.) Jacq. var. virgineum (Pers.) Harv.
lanceolatum (Cav.) Kern
P. glaucum (L.f.) L’Hér. (23) = P. undulatum
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 457–762 m. longiscapum Schltr. = P. luridum
WC luridum (Andrews) Sweet
lateripes L’Hér. = P. peltatum P. aconitophyllum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. (17)
P. flabellifolium Harv. (13)
laxum (Sweet) G.Don P. longiscapum Schltr. (13)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC, EC P. rehmannii Szyszyl. (13)
P. schlechteri R.Knuth (55)
leeanum (Sweet) G.Don = P. proliferum P. zeyheri Harv. (13)
leipoldtii R.Knuth Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.8–1 m. Alt 10–2440 m. N,
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt up to 793 m. NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
NC, WC luteolum N.E.Br.
leptopodium Bolus = P. capillare Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.08–0.3 m. Alt up to 520 m.
leptum L.Bolus NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC luteum (Andrews) G.Don
lessertiaefolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. = P. pinnatum Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? NC
leucophyllum Turcz. magenteum J.J.A.van der Walt
P. rhodanthum Schltr. (20)
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.3 m. Alt 1830–
2287 m. FS, EC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 120–
940 m. NC, WC
l’héritieri (Sweet) G.Don = P. dipetalum
mahernium L’Hér. ex DC. = P. capillare
lineare (Andrews) Pers. = P. longiflorum
malacoides R.Knuth = P. nanum
lobatum (Burm.f.) L’Hér.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 5–1678 m. WC, malvaefolium Jacq. = P. alchemilloides
EC marginatum R.Knuth = P. ellaphieae
longicaule Jacq. var. angustipetalum C.Boucher marlothii R.Knuth = P. alpinum
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt? WC maximiliani Schltr. = P. carneum
longicaule Jacq. var. longicaule melananthon Jacq. = P. auritum var. auritum
P. myrrhifolium (L.) L’Hér. var. fruticosum (Cav.) Harv. (26)
P. myrrhifolium (L.) L’Hér. var. longicaule (Jacq.) Harv. (26) meyeri Harv. = P. chelidonium

middletonianum R.Knuth = P. dichondrifolium oblongatum Harv.

minimum (Cav.) Willd. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 915–1220 m.
P. fumarioides L’Hér. ex Harv. (33) NC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 915–1700 m. N, NW, ocellatum J.J.A.van der Walt
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 380
mirabile Dinter = P. crassicaule m. WC
mollicomum Fourc. ochroleucum Harv.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.02–0.1 m. Alt? EC Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt? NC
moniliforme Harv. odoratissimum (L.) L’Hér.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 90–915 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 15–1372 m.
NC, WC M, S, KZN, WC, EC
monsoniaefolium Dinter ex R.Knuth = P. cortusifolium oenothera (L.f.) Jacq.
multicaule Jacq. subsp. multicaule Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 100–1220
S, FS, L, WC, EC oppositifolium Schltr.
multicaule Jacq. subsp. subherbaceum (R.Knuth) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.35–0.4 m. Alt? L
J.J.A.van der Walt oreophilum Schltr.
P. subherbaceum R.Knuth (26) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 300–1981 up to 915 m. WC
m. M, KZN ornithopifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. = P. pinnatum
multifidum Harv. = P. plurisectum otaviense R.Knuth
multiradiatum J.C.Wendl. P. damarense R.Knuth (23)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.5–0.8 m. Alt? WC P. roessingense Dinter (23)
P. virgatum R.Knuth (23)
mutans Vorster Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 200–1850 m. N, NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt
up to 750 m. KZN ovale (Burm.f.) L’Hér. subsp. hyalinum Hugo
myrrhifolium (L.) L’Hér. var. betonicum (Burm.f.) Harv. m. WC
= P. myrrhifolium var. myrrhifolium
ovale (Burm.f.) L’Hér. subsp. ovale
myrrhifolium (L.) L’Hér. var. coriandrifolium (L.) Harv. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 45–1800 m.
NC, WC
ovale (Burm.f.) L’Hér. subsp. ovatum Harv. = P. elegans
myrrhifolium (L.) L’Hér. var. fruticosum (Cav.) Harv. =
P. longicaule var. longicaule ovale (Burm.f.) L’Hér. subsp. veronicifolium (Eckl. &
Zeyh.) Hugo
myrrhifolium (L.) L’Hér. var. longicaule (Jacq.) Harv. = P. veronicaefolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. (32)
P. longicaule var. longicaule Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt up to 450
myrrhifolium (L.) L’Hér. var. myrrhifolium m. WC
P. myrrhifolium (L.) L’Hér. var. betonicum (Burm.f.) Harv. (15) ovalifolium (Sweet) DC. = P. auritum var. carneum
ovatifolium Steud. = P. undulatum
WC, EC
ovatostipulatum R.Knuth = P. stipulaceum subsp.
namaquense R.Knuth = P. bubonifolium
ovato-stipulatum
nanum L’Hér.
P. malacoides R.Knuth (28) oxalidifolium (Andrews) Pers. = P. heterophyllum
P. parvulum DC. (28) oxaloides (Burm.f.) Willd.
P. procumbens (Andrews) Pers. (28) Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht 0.01–0.1 m.
Alt 457–2348 m. N, NC, WC, EC panduriforme Eckl. & Zeyh.
P. quercifolium in sense of L’Hér., misapplied name (25)
nelsonii Burtt Davy Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 305–1370 m. EC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt 1430–1520 m. WC paniculatum Jacq.
nephrophyllum E.M.Marais Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt?
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? WC N, NC
nervifolium Jacq. papilionaceum (L.) L’Hér.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.08–0.13 m. Alt up to 1000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 15–671 m. WC
m. WC
paradoxum Dinter = P. klinghardtense
nivenii Harv. = P. dipetalum
parnassioides DC. = P. proliferum
niveum (Sweet) Loudon = P. violiflorum
parvipetalum E.M.Marais
nummulifolium Salisb. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? NC, WC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC parvirostre R.A.Dyer
nutans DC. = P. rapaceum Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC

parvulum DC. = P. nanum Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt? EC

patulum Jacq. var. grandiflorum N.van Wyk pseudoglutinosum R.Knuth var. scabridum (R.Knuth)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 457–1525 R.Knuth = P. pseudoglutinosum
m. WC pubipetalum E.M.Marais
patulum Jacq. var. patulum Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.06–0.14 m. Alt? NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 274–1525 pulchellum Sims
m. WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 92–1350 m.
patulum Jacq. var. tenuilobum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.01–0.3 m. Alt 320–1830 pulchellum Salisb. = P. reflexipetalum
m. WC pulcherrimum F.M.Leight. = P. radiatum
peltatum (L.) L’Hér. pulverulentum Colvill ex Sweet
P. lateripes L’Hér. (24) P. hollandii F.M.Leight. (17)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt 6–1220 m. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 3–2211 m. KZN,
WC, EC EC
penniforme Pers. = P. proliferum punctatum (Andrews) Willd.
petronelinifolium Don Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt up to 50 m. WC
P. apiifolium (Andrews) Loudon (45) purpurascens Pers. = P. proliferum
P. pilosum (Andrews) Pers. (45)
quarciticola Meve & E.M.Marais
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.01–0.3 m. Alt up to 305 m.
WC
quercifolium (L.f.) L’Hér.
pillansii Salter P. karrooense R.Knuth (25)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.75 m. Alt 61–1100 m. EC
pilosellifolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. quercifolium in sense of L’Hér., misapplied name = P.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt? WC panduriforme
pilosum (Andrews) Pers. = P. petronelinifolium quinatum Sims = P. praemorsum subsp. praemorsum
pilosum (Cav.) Steud. = P. heterophyllum radens H.E.Moore
P. radula (Cav.) L’Hér. (25)
pinnatum (L.) L’Hér.
P. astragalifolium (Cav.) Jacq. (54) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 61–1372 m. WC,
P. lessertiaefolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. (54) EC
P. ornithopifolia (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. (54) radiatum (Andrews) Pers.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 54–914 m. WC P. crinitum Harv. (55)
plurisectum Salter P. pulcherrimum F.M.Leight. (55)
P. multifidum Harv. (22) Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.13–0.23 m. Alt up to 991 m.
polycephalum (E.Mey. ex Harv.) R.Knuth radicatum Vent.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? N, NC P. concavifolium Pers (77)
P. squamulosum R.Knuth (77)
populifolium Eckl. & Zeyh. = P. ribifolium Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt up to 183 m.
praemorsum (Andrews) F.Dietr. subsp. praemorsum NC, WC
P. quinatum Sims (17)
radula (Cav.) L’Hér. = P. radens
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 134 –1173 m. N, NC
radulifolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud.
praemorsum (Andrews) F.Dietr. subsp. speciosum P. heracleifolium Lodd. (33)
Scheltema Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.4–0.7 m. Alt 50–671 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 190–1200 m. N, NC WC, EC
procumbens (Andrews) Pers. = P. nanum ramosissimum (Cav.) Willd.
proliferum (Burm.f.) Steud. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 900–1800
P. barbatum Jacq. (55) m. WC
P. ciliatum (Cav.) Pers. (55)
P. laciniatum (Andrews) Pers. (55) ranunculophyllum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Baker
P. leeanum (Sweet) G.Don (55) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 152–2350
P. longifolium (Burm.f.) Jacq. var. parnassioides (DC.) Knuth (55) m. KZN, L, EC
P. parnassioides DC. (55)
P. penniforme Pers. (55) rapaceum (L.) L’Hér.
P. carinatum J.C.Wendl. (55)
P. purpurascens Pers. (55)
P. corydaliflorum (Sweet) DC. (55)
P. tysonii Szyszyl. (55)
P. nutans DC. (55)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt up to 1677 m. WC P. rapaceum (L.) L’Hér. var. corydaliflorum (Sweet) DC. (55)
pseudofumarioides R.Knuth P. rapaceum (L.) L’Hér. var. selinum (Andrews) Pers. (55)
P. rutaefolium Baker (55)
Annual. Herb, scrambler. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 1372– P. selinum (Andrews) Pers. (55)
2500 m. M, FS, KZN, L, EC Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 37–400 m. NC,
pseudoglutinosum R.Knuth WC, EC
P. pseudoglutinosum R.Knuth var. scabridum (R.Knuth) R.Knuth (25)
P. uniondalense R.Knuth (25) rapaceum (L.) L’Hér. var. corydaliflorum (Sweet) DC. =
P. uniondalense R.Knuth var. scabridum R.Knuth (25) P. rapaceum

rapaceum (L.) L’Hér. var. selinum (Andrews) Pers. = P. setosiusculum R.Knuth

rapaceum Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt up to 640 m. EC
recurvatum (Sweet) G.Don = P. aristatum setosum (Sweet) DC.
redactum Vorster Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt 610–1006 m. N, NC setulosum Turcz.
reflexipetalum E.M.Marais P. cardiophyllum Harv. (22)
P. pulchellum Salisb., not of Sims (74) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 122–1400
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt? WC m. WC
reflexum (Andrews) Pers. sibthorpiifolium Harv.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.08–0.15 m. Alt 610–915 m. P. amabile Dinter (23)
P. eberlanzii Dinter (21)
WC P. graniticum R.Knuth (23)
rehmannii Szyszyl. = P. luridum Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? N, NC
reniforme Curtis subsp. reniforme sidaefolium (Thunb.) R.Knuth = P. sidoides
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, geophyte. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 45–
sidoides DC.
1380 m. EC P. sidaefolium (Thunb.) R.Knuth (33)
reniforme Curtis subsp. velutinum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt
Dreyer 300–2700 m. NW, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, geophyte. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 20– spathulatum (Andrews) Pers. = P. longiflorum
1494 m. EC
spathulatum (Andrews) Pers. var. affine (Poir.) Loudon
reticulatum (Sweet) DC. = P. auritum var. carneum = P. longiflorum
revolutum (Andrews) Pers. = P. chelidonium
spathulatum (Andrews) Pers. var. curvifolium (Andrews)
rhodanthum Schltr. = P. magenteum Knuth = P. longiflorum
ribifolium Jacq.
P. populifolium Eckl. & Zeyh. (25)
spinosum Willd.
P. schonlandii R.Knuth (25) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.3 m. Alt 300–1060 m. N, NC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.2 m. Alt 30–1525 m. WC, EC squamulosum R.Knuth = P. radicatum
roessingense Dinter = P. otaviense squarrosum Dinter = P. grandicalcaratum
roseum (Andrews) Aiton = P. incrassatum stipulaceum (L.f.) Willd. subsp. ovato-stipulatum
rubiginosum E.M.Marais (R.Knuth) Vorster
P. ovatostipulatum R.Knuth (20)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt? NC, WC
rumicifolium (Sweet) Loudon = P. longiflorum
stipulaceum (L.f.) Willd. subsp. stipulaceum
rutaefolium Baker = P. rapaceum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 750–1159
salmoneum R.A.Dyer m. NC, WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC strigosum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. = P. auritum var. car-
saniculaefolium Willd. = P. tabulare neum
scabroide R.Knuth subherbaceum R.Knuth = P. multicaule subsp. sub-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.75 m. Alt 915–1372 m. WC herbaceum
scabrum (Burm.f.) L’Hér. sublignosum R.Knuth
P. scabrum (Burm.f.) L’Hér. var. balsameum (Jacq.) Harv. (25) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 915–1220 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 200–1500 m. NC, suburbanum Clifford ex C.Boucher subsp. bipinnati-
WC, EC fidum (Harv.) C.Boucher
scabrum (Burm.f.) L’Hér. var. balsameum (Jacq.) Harv. P. urbanum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. var. bipinnatifidum Harv. (26)
= P. scabrum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 15–762 m.
WC
schizopetalum Sweet
P. amatymbicum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (17) suburbanum Clifford ex C.Boucher subsp. subur-
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt 610–1769 m. banum
WC, EC P. urbanum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. var. pinnatifidum Harv. (26)
schlechteri R.Knuth = P. luridum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 91–152 m. EC

schonlandii R.Knuth = P. ribifolium sulphureum R.Knuth
selinum (Andrews) Pers. = P. rapaceum
tabulare (Burm.f.) L’Hér.
semitrilobum Jacq. P. saniculaefolium Willd. (20)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 18–1900 m.
senecioides L’Hér. WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 61–1950 m. WC tenellum (Andrews) G.Don
sericeum E.Mey. = P. sericifolium Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt? WC
sericifolium J.J.A.van der Walt tenuicaule R.Knuth
P. sericeum E.Mey. (23) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, scrambler. Ht 0.07–0.2 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? NC 200–900 m. N, NC

ternatum (L.f.) Jacq. uniondalense R.Knuth = P. pseudoglutinosum

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 61–1082 m. uniondalense R.Knuth var. scabridum R.Knuth = P. pseu-
WC doglutinosum
ternifolium Vorster urbanum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. var. bipinnatifidum
P. trifoliatum Harv. (22)
Harv. = P. suburbanum subsp. bipinnatifidum
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 122–183 m. WC
urbanum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. var. pinnatifidum Harv.
tetragonum (L.f.) L’Hér.
= P. suburbanum subsp. suburbanum
Perennial. Succulent, scrambler. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt
250–1035 m. WC variifolium Steud. = P. violiflorum
theianthum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. veronicaefolium (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Steud. = P. ovale subsp.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC veronicifolium
tomentosum Jacq. viciifolium DC.
P. astragifolium (Cav.) Jacq. var. foliolosum (DC.) Harv. (54)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 122–1220 P. astragifolium (Cav.) Jacq. var. minor Harv. (54)
m. WC P. foliolosum DC. (54)
tongaense Vorster Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.09–0.24 m. Alt? WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt up to 75 m. KZN vinaceum E.M.Marais
torulosum E.M.Marais Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.08–0.18 m. Alt? N, NC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht? Alt? WC violareum Jacq. = P. tricolor
tragacanthoides Burch. violiflorum (Sweet) DC.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 610–1525 Geranium heterophyllum Thunb. (69)
m. N, FS, NC,WC, EC P. heterolobum DC. (69)
P. longifolium (Burm.f.) Jacq. var. nivea (Sweet) R.Knuth (69)
transvaalense R.Knuth P. niveum (Sweet) Loudon (69)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt 945– P. variifolium Steud. (69)
1464 m. M, KZN Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? WC
triandrum E.M.Marais virgatum R.Knuth = P. otaviense
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC virgineum Pers. = P. undulatum
tricolor Curtis vitifolium (L.) L’Hér.
P. violareum Jacq. (17)
m. WC, EC woodii R.Knuth
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? KZN
trifidum Jacq.
P. fragile (Andrews) Willd. (28) worcesterae R.Knuth
P. tripartitum Willd. (25) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 305–549 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.6 m. Alt 190–1820 m. EC
WC, EC xerophyton Schltr. ex R.Knuth
trifoliatum Harv. = P. ternifolium Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 946–1480
trifoliatum Steud. = P. trifoliolatum m. N, NC
zeyheri Harv. = P. luridum
trifoliolatum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) E.M.Marais
P. astragalifolium (in sense of Andrews) Loudon (54) zonale (L.) L’Hér.
P. astragalifolium (in sense of Andrews) Loudon var. trifoliolatum Perennial. Shrub, scrambler. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 61–1800
(Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv. (54) m. KZN, WC, EC
P. trifoliatum Steud. (54)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.13–0.17 m. Alt? WC SARCOCAULON (DC.) Sweet 3926000
trilobum (Thunb.) DC. = P. chelidonium (1) Engler. 1889. Botanische Jahrbücher 10: 30, 31.
(2) Hiern. 1896. Catalogue of the African plants collected by Dr.
tripartitum Willd. = P. trifidum Friedrich Welwitsch 1: 108.
(3) Knuth. 1912. Das Pflanzenreich 4,129 (Heft 53): 311–316.
triphyllum Jacq. (4) Phillips. 1921. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 1: t. 40.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.07–0.17 m. Alt? WC (5) Bolus. 1930. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 10: t. 399.
triste (L.) L’Hér. (6) Rehm. 1935. Botanische Jahrbücher 67: 264–274.
P. flavum (Burm.f.) L’Hér. (52) (7) Moffett. 1978. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: t. 1771.
(8) Moffett. 1979. Bothalia 12: 581–613.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 30–1200 m. (9) Moffett. 1983. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1873.
NC, WC (10) Moffett. 1984. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: tt. 1891, 1907.
tysonii Szyszyl. = P. proliferum (11) Moffett. 1990. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: tt. 2016, 2017.
(12) Moffett & Ward-Hilhorst. 1995. Flowering Plants of Africa 54: tt.
undulaeflorum (Sweet) G.Don = P. auritum var. auri- 2101–2107.
tum camdeboense Moffett
undulatum (Andrews) Pers. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt
P. hirsutum Loudon (55) 600–1250 m. NC
P. longifolium (Burm.f.) Jacq. var. virgineum (Pers.) Harv. (55)
P. ovatifolium Steud. (55) ciliatum Moffett
P. virgineum Pers. (55) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.08–0.3 m. Alt?
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.09–0.24 m. Alt? WC NC

crassicaule Rehm mossamedense (Welw. ex Oliv.) Hiern

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt
300–1220 m. N, NC, WC up to 700 m. N
flavescens Rehm multifidum E.Mey. ex R.Knuth
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt up Monsonia multifida E.Mey. (8)
to 1100 m. N, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.06–0.2 m. Alt
up to 91 m. N, NC
herrei L.Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.25 m. Alt patersonii (DC.) G.Don
S. rigidum Schinz (8)
up to 610 m. NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt
inerme Rehm 30–1350 m. N, NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? peniculinum Moffett
N Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt
l’heritieri Sweet up to 50 m. N
Monsonia l’heritieri DC. (8)
Monsonia obcordata E.Mey. (8) rigidum Schinz = S. patersonii
Monsonia spinosa L’Hér. (8) salmoniflorum Moffett
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt
800–1062 m. NC 320–1525 m. N, FS, NC, WC
marlothii Engl. vanderietiae L.Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt
Alt up to 1080 m. N up to 396 m. NC
GESNERIACEAE
DIDYMOCARPUS Wall. 7810000 Monocarpic. Herb. Ht ± 0.55 m. Alt? FS

rexii Bowie ex Hook. = Streptocarpus rexii caeruleus Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte or terrestrial? Ht 0.05−0.25
m. Alt 1420−2010 m. LIM
STREPTOCARPUS Lindl. 7823000 caeruleus Hilliard & B.L.Burtt subsp. longiflorus Hilliard
(1) Clarke. 1904. FC 4,2: 438−447. & B.L.Burtt = S. longiflorus
(3) Phillips. 1926. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 6: t. 214. candidus Hilliard
(4) Marloth. 1932. The Flora of South Africa 3,2: 161, t. 42. S. luteus C.B.Clarke in part (11)
(5) Phillips. 1937. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 17: t. 666. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.1−0.35 m.
(6) Verdoorn. 1937. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 17: t. 678. Alt 1050−1280 m. KZN
(8) Verdoorn. 1941. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 21: tt. 804, 813. comptonii Mansf. = S. polyanthus subsp. comptonii
(9) Story. 1955. The Flowering Plants of Africa 30: t. 1196. confusus Hilliard subsp. confusus
(10) Story. 1961. The Flowering Plants of Africa 34: t. 1322. Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.12−
(11) Hilliard & Burtt. 1971. Streptocarpus, an African Plant Study: xv−410.
(12) Edwards et al. 1992. Bothalia 22: 192−194. 0.65 m. Alt ± 300−1770 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
(13) Hilliard. 1992. Edinburgh Journal of Botany 49: 75. confusus Hilliard subsp. lebomboensis Hilliard &
(14) Weigend & Edwards. 1994. Sendtnera 2: 365−376. B.L.Burtt
(15) Weigend & Edwards. 1994. South African Journal of Botany 60:
168, 169.
Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht ± 0.14−
Note: Hilliard & Burtt (1971) mentioned many hybrids in Streptocarpus 0.45 m. Alt ± 550 m. S, KZN
but these have been omitted here. Heights were obtained mostly cooksonii B.L.Burtt
by measuring herbarium specimens. These measurements may not Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.14−
represent the full range and the flowers are not always held erect.
0.26 m. Alt ± 610−1630 m. KZN
armitagei Baker f. & S.Moore = S. dunnii
cooperi C.B.Clarke
baudertii L.L.Britten Monocarpic. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte or terrestrial.
S. hirtinervis C.B.Clarke in part (11)
Ht ± 0.15−0.6 m. Alt ± 1060−1830 m. FS?, KZN
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.1−0.2 m.
Alt 60−1750 m. KZN, EC cyaneus S.Moore subsp. cyaneus
S. junodii Beauverd (11)
bolusii C.B.Clarke Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht
Monocarpic (once-fruiting), occ. perennial. Herb, litho- 0.08−0.35 m. Alt 700−1525 m. M, S
phyte or terrestrial? Ht 0.05−0.25 m. Alt ± 1220−
cyaneus S.Moore subsp. longi-tommii Weigend &
1585 m. KZN, EC
T.J.Edwards
bolusii C.B.Clarke in part = S. pusillus S. cyaneus in sense of Letty (1962) (14)
breviflos (C.B.Clarke) C.B.Clarke Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht
S. saundersii Hook. var. breviflos C.B.Clarke (1) ± 0.14−0.3 m. Alt 1630−1800 m. M
GERANIACEAE Sarcocaulon DICOTYLEDONS

cyaneus S.Moore subsp. nigridens Weigend & T.J.Edwards Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 0.12−0.24 m. Alt 30−
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.06−0.35 1650 m. KZN, EC
m. Alt 960−2075 m. LIM, M junodii Beauverd = S. cyaneus subsp. cyaneus
cyaneus S.Moore subsp. polackii (B.L.Burtt) Weigend kentaniensis L.L.Britten & Story
& T.J.Edwards Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht ± 0.11−0.3 m. Alt ± 0−
S. polackii B.L.Burtt (14) 150 m. EC
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial, Ht 0.1−0.3 m.
Alt 1000−1850 m. M latens Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht ± 0.03−0.07 m. Alt ±
daviesii N.E.Br. ex C.B.Clarke 2100−2225 m. M
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte or lithophyte. Ht 0.05−0.2 m.
Alt 425−1830 m. S, KZN longiflorus (Hilliard & B.L.Burtt) T.J.Edwards
S. caeruleus Hilliard & B.L.Burtt subsp. longiflorus Hilliard &
davyi S.Moore B.L.Burtt (12)
Perennial. Herb, terrestrial. Ht 0.08−0.28 m. Alt ± 1065− Perennial. Herb, lithophyte? Ht ?−± 0.2 m at least. Alt
1370 m. S ± 1830 m. LIM
decipiens Hilliard & B.L.Burtt luteus C.B.Clarke in part = S. candidus
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht ?−0.05 m. luteus C.B.Clarke in part = S. parviflorus subsp. parvi-
Alt ± 1525 m. M florus
denticulatus Turrill makabengensis Hilliard
Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 0.08−0.28 m. Alt 960− Monocarpic. Herb. Ht ± 0.07 m. Alt ± 1220 m. LIM
1525 m. M meyeri B.L.Burtt
dunnii Hook.f. S. parviflorus in sense of E.Mey. ex C.B.Clarke, not of Hook.f. (11)
S. armitagei Baker f. & S.Moore (1) Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.06−0.3
Monocarpic or perennial. Herb, lithophyte, occ. terres- m. Alt 610−1830 m. M, EC
trial. Ht 0.05−0.21 m. Alt 1060−2285 m. M, S micranthus C.B.Clarke
fanniniae Harv. ex C.B.Clarke Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial, rarely epi-
S. fanniniae Harv. ex C.B.Clarke var. minor C.B.Clarke (11) phyte. Ht 0.04−0.24 m. Alt 1150−1830 m. M, S
S. woodii C.B.Clarke (11)
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.17−1 m. modestus L.L.Britten
Alt 790−1675 m. KZN Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht ?−± 0.1
m. Alt ± 305 m. EC
fanniniae Harv. ex C.B.Clarke var. minor C.B.Clarke =
S. fanniniae molweniensis Hilliard subsp. eshowicus Hilliard &
B.L.Burtt
fasciatus T.J.Edwards & Kunhardt Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte. Ht ?−0.6 m. Alt ± 460
Perennial. Herb. Ht ?− ± 0.3 m. Alt ± 460 m. M m. KZN
fenestra-dei Weigend & T.J.Edwards molweniensis Hilliard subsp. molweniensis
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht ?−± 0.3 Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht ± 0.25−
m. Alt ± 1525 m. M 0.3 m. Alt ± 610 m. KZN
floribundus Weigend & T.J.Edwards montigena L.L.Britten
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht ?−± 0.17 m. Alt? KZN Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht ?−0.17 m. Alt ± 1525
formosus (Hilliard & B.L.Burtt) T.J.Edwards m. EC
S. primulifolius Gand. subsp. formosus Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (15) muddii C.B.Clarke = S. wilmsii
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht ± 0.16−0.25 m. Alt ±
occultis Hilliard
120 m. KZN, EC
Perennial. Herb, terrestrial. Ht ?−0.09 m. Alt ± 1710
galpinii Hook.f. m. M
Monocarpic or perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. parviflorus Hook.f. subsp. parviflorus
Ht 0.05−0.28 m. Alt 915−2000 m. LIM, M, S S. luteus C.B.Clarke in part (11)
gardenii Hook. Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.09−0.35 m. Alt ± 1065−1600 m. LIM, M
0.06−0.23 m. Alt 1065−1980 m. FS, KZN, EC parviflorus Hook.f. subsp. soutpansbergensis Weigend
gracilis B.L.Burtt = S. prolixus & T.J.Edwards
grandis N.E.Br. subsp. grandis Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07−0.24 m. Alt ± 1220 m. LIM
S. tubiflos C.B.Clarke in part (11) parviflorus in sense of E.Mey. ex C.B.Clarke, not of
Monocarpic. Herb, terrestrial, occ. epiphyte or litho- Hook.f. = S. meyeri
phyte. Ht 0.1−± 1 m. Alt 275−1660 m. M, KZN pentherianus Fritsch
haygarthii N.E.Br. ex C.B.Clarke Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.02−0.39
S. reynoldsii I.Verd. (11) m. Alt 1220−2285 m. M, S, FS, KZN, L
Monocarpic. Herb, terrestrial, occ. epiphyte or lithophyte. pogonites Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
Ht 0.05−0.54 m. Alt 60−1830 m. KZN, EC Perennial. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 0.05−0.09 m. Alt ±
hirtinervis C.B.Clarke in part = S. baudertii 1585 m. M
insignis B.L.Burtt = S. primulifolius polackii B.L.Burtt = S. cyaneus subsp. polackii
johannis L.L.Britten pole-evansii I.Verd.
DICOTYLEDONS GESNERIACEAE Streptocarpus

Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial? Ht 0.1−0.17 rexii of author, not of (Bowie ex Hook.) Lindl.: Phillips
m. Alt 365−± 760 m. M (1937) = S. roseo-albus
polyanthus Hook. subsp. comptonii (Mansf.) Hilliard reynoldsii I.Verd. = S. haygarthii
S. comptonii Mansf. (11)
rimicola Story
Monocarpic or perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.03−
Ht 0.07−0.21 m. Alt 960−± 1525 m. M, S, KZN 0.08 m. Alt 1675−1830 m. LIM
polyanthus Hook. subsp. dracomontanus Hilliard roseo-albus Weigend & T.J.Edwards
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.05−0.17 S. rexii of author, not of (Bowie ex Hook.) Lindl.: Phillips (1937) (14)
m. Alt 1320−2000 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.1−0.27
polyanthus Hook. subsp. polyanthus m. Alt 1000−1500 m. M
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.07−0.5 saundersii Hook.
m. Alt ± 400−1065 m. KZN S. tubiflos C.B.Clarke in part (11)
polyanthus Hook. subsp. verecundus Hilliard Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte. Ht 0.1−0.5 m. Alt 610−
Monocarpic, occ. perennial? Herb, lithophyte or terres- 915 m. KZN
trial. Ht 0.07−0.19 m. Alt ± 900−1065 m. KZN saundersii Hook. var. breviflos C.B.Clarke = S. breviflos
porphyrostachys Hilliard saundersii of author, not of Hook.: Marloth (1932) = S.
Perennial, Herb, lithophyte. Ht 0.1−0.26 m. Alt 120− wendlandii
305 m. KZN, EC silvaticus Hilliard
primulifolius Gand., as ‘primuliflorus’ Perennial. Herb, epiphyte or lithophyte. Ht 0.05−0.23
S. insignis B.L.Burtt (11) m. Alt ± 1100−1675 m. KZN, EC
S. rexii of author, not of (Bowie ex Hook.) Lindl.: Phillips (1939) (11)
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht ± 0.13− trabeculatus Hilliard
0.37 m. Alt 60−790 m. KZN, EC Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial? Ht ± 0.1−
0.14 m. Alt ± 450 m. KZN, EC
primulifolius Gand. subsp. formosus Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
= S. formosus tubiflos C.B.Clarke in part = S. grandis subsp. grandis
tubiflos C.B.Clarke in part = S. saundersii
prolixus C.B.Clarke
S. gracilis B.L.Burtt (11) vandeleurii Baker f. & S.Moore
Perennial. Herb, lithophyte, occ. terrestrial. Ht 0.04− Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.15−
0.2 m. Alt 396−670 m. KZN 0.32 m. Alt ± 1525−1830 m. LIM, NW, G, M
pusillus Harv. ex C.B.Clarke wendlandii Spreng.
S. bolusii C.B.Clarke in part (11) S. saundersii of author, not of Hook.: Marloth (1932) (11)
Monocarpic. Herb, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht 0.05− Monocarpic. Herb, epiphyte or terrestrial. Ht ± 0.25−
0.18 m. Alt 1200−2745 m. M, FS, KZN, L, EC ± 0.55 m. Alt 305−610 m. KZN
rexii (Bowie ex Hook.) Lindl. wilmsii Engl.
Didymocarpus rexii Bowie ex Hook. (1) S. muddii C.B.Clarke (11)
Perennial. Herb, epiphyte, lithophyte or terrestrial. Ht Monocarpic, occ perennial. Herb, epiphyte or terres-
0.07−0.3 m. Alt 200−1550 m. KZN, WC, EC trial, occ. lithophyte. Ht 0.07−0.44 m. Alt 1300−
rexii of author, not of (Bowie ex Hook.) Lindl.: Phillips 1920 m. M, S
(1939) = S. primulifolius woodii C.B.Clarke = S. fanniniae
GISEKIACEAE
GISEKIA L. 2382000 Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 60–940 m. N, B,

(1) Adamson. 1961. Journal of South African Botany 27,2: 131–136. LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, NC
(2) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. africana (Lour.) Kuntze var. pedunculata (Oliv.) Brenan
39: 161.
(3) Gonçalves. 1978. FZ 4: 522–525. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, prostrate occ. erect. Length
up to 2 m. Alt? NW, NC
africana (Lour.) Kuntze var. africana
G. pentadecandra Moq. (2) pentadecandra Moq. = G. africana var. africana
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, prostrate occ. erect. pharnacioides L. var. pharnacioides
Length 0.05−0.5 m. Alt 60–2200 m. N, B, LIM, Annual. Herb, prostrate. Length 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 260–
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC 1789 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
africana (Lour.) Kuntze var. cymosa Adamson NC, EC
GESNERIACEAE Streptocarpus DICOTYLEDONS

GOODENIACEAE
SCAEVOLA L. 8716000 EC
sericea Vahl
lobelia Murray = S. plumieri S. taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. (1)
plumieri (L.) Vahl Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 2–5 m. KZN
S. lobelia Murray (1)
S. thunbergii Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
taccada (Gaertn.) Roxb. = S. sericea
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 5–15 m. KZN, WC, thunbergii Eckl. & Zeyh. = S. plumieri
GREYIACEAE
GREYIA Hook. & Harv. 4855000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 555–1340 m. EC
(1) Phillips. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 101. radlkoferi Szyszyl.
(2) Burtt Davy. 1932. A manual of the flowering plants and ferns of Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–8 m. Alt ?–1900 m. LIM,
the Transvaal with Swaziland, South Africa Part 2: 311, 312. M, S, KZN
(4) Steyn et al. 1999. Flowering Plants of Africa 56: 86–92, t. 2155. sutherlandii Hook. & Harv.
flanaganii Bolus M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
GRUBBIACEAE
GRUBBIA P.J.Bergius 2121000 G. hirsuta E.Mey. ex DC. (1)

(1) Carlquist. 1977. Journal of South African Botany 43,2: 118–128. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt ?–1525 m. WC
gracilis Salter = G. rosmarinifolia subsp. gracilis rosmarinifolia P.J.Bergius subsp. rosmarinifolia var.
pinifolia (Sond.) Carlquist
hirsuta E.Mey. ex DC. = G. rosmarinifolia subsp. hirsuta G. pinifolia Sond. (1)
linearifolia Gutzwiller = G. rourkei Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt? WC
pinifolia Sond. = G. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarini- rosmarinifolia P.J.Bergius subsp. rosmarinifolia var.
folia var. pinifolia rosmarinifolia
rosmarinifolia of author, not of P.J.Bergius, misapplied G. rosmarinifolia of author, not of P.J.Bergius, misapplied name (1)
name = G. rosmarinifolia subsp. rosmarinifolia Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–3 m. Alt 15–1220 m. WC, EC
var. rosmarinifolia rourkei Carlquist
rosmarinifolia P.J.Bergius subsp. gracilis (Salter) Carl- G. linearifolia Gutzwiller (1)
quist Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 152–1220 m. WC
G. gracilis Salter (1) stricta (Lam.) A.DC. = G. tomentosa
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ?–450 m. WC tomentosa (Thunb.) Harms
rosmarinifolia P.J.Bergius subsp. hirsuta (E.Mey. ex G. stricta (Lam.) A.DC. (1)
DC.) Carlquist Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 92–945 m. WC
GUNNERACEAE
GUNNERA L. 5836000 Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt

(1) Mendes. 1978. FZ 4: 79–81. 60–2775 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC,
EC
perpensa L.
DICOTYLEDONS GOODENIACEAE Scaevola

HALORAGACEAE
LAUREMBERGIA P.J.Bergius 5833000 MYRIOPHYLLUM L. 5834000

(1) Obermeyer. 1973. Bothalia 11: 116, 117. (1) Mendes. 1978. FZ 4: 77–79.
repens P.J.Bergius subsp. brachypoda (Hiern) Oberm. *aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc.

L. tetrandra (Schott) Kanitz subsp. brachypoda (Hiern) A.Raynal M. brasiliense Cambess. (1)
(1) Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Length up to 1.2 m. Alt
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 1– 335–1750 m. LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, WC, EC
1770 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, brasiliense Cambess. = M. aquaticum
WC, EC
spicatum L.
tetrandra (Schott) Kanitz subsp. brachypoda (Hiern) Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Length up to 2 m. Alt 50–1450
A.Raynal = L. repens subsp. brachypoda m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
HAMAMELIDACEAE
DAHLIA Thunb. 3311010 Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 5–1160 m.

crinita Thunb. = Trichocladus crinitus KZN, WC, EC
ellipticus Eckl. & Zeyh. subsp. ellipticus
TRICHOCLADUS Pers. 3311000 Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–12 m. Alt 5–1300 m.
(1) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 324–327.
(2) Hutchinson. 1933. Kew Bulletin 1933: 427–430. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC
(3) Verdcourt. 1970. Kew Bulletin 24: 345, 346.
(4) Verdcourt. 1971. FTEA Hamamelidaceae: 1–5.
grandiflorus Oliv.
(5) Mendes & Vidigal. 1978. FZ 4: 71–73. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–30 m. Alt 340–1830 m.
crinitus (Thunb.) Pers. M, S, KZN, EC
Dahlia crinita Thunb. (1) peltatus Meisn. = T. crinitus
T. peltatus Meisn. (2)
T. vittatus Meisn. (1) vittatus Meisn. = T. crinitus
HERNANDIACEAE
GYROCARPUS Jacq. 2830000 americanus Jacq. subsp. africanus Kubitzki

(1) Schreiber. 1968. FSWA 36: 1. G. asiaticus Willd. (1)
(2) Kubitzki. 1969. Botanische Jahrbücher 89: 181–192. Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 300–1160 m. N, LIM
(3) Verdcourt. 1985. FTEA Hernandiaceae: 6–11.
(4) Stannard. 1997. FZ 9,2: 60–62. asiaticus Willd. = G. americanus subsp. africanus
HETEROPYXIDACEAE
HETEROPYXIS Harv. 5588010 dehniae Suess.

(1) Fernandes. 1971. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
München 10: 207–234. LIM
(2) Fernandes. 1978. FZ 4: 212–215. natalensis Harv.
canescens Oliv. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 30–2000 m.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–12 m. Alt 730–1600 m. M, S LIM, G, M, S, KZN
HALORAGACEAE Laurembergia DICOTYLEDONS

HYDNORACEAE
APHYTEIA 2182010 Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht up to 0.16 m. Alt? B

multiceps Burch. = Cytinus sanguineus africana Thunb.
Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.08–0.12 m. Alt 30–915
HYDNORA Thunb. 2182000 m. N, B, NC, WC, EC
(1) Hill. 1912. FC 5,1: 486, 487. johannis Becc. var. johannis
(2) Phillips. 1926. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 6: t. 207. H. solmsiana Dinter (5)
(3) Phillips. 1931. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 11: t. 428. Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.12–0.16 m. Alt 70–
(4) Schreiber. 1968. FSWA 41: 1, 2. 1700 m. LIM, S
(5) Musselman & Visser. 1987. Dinteria 19: 77–82.
(6) Visser. 1989. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1992. solmsiana Dinter = H. johannis var. johannis
(7) Musselman. 1997. FZ 9,2: 16–18. triceps Drège & E.Mey.
abyssinica A.Braun ex Schweinf. Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt? NC
HYDROSTACHYACEAE
HYDROSTACHYS Thouars 3160000 natalensis Wedd. = H. polymorpha

(1) Hill. 1912. FC 5: 484. polymorpha Klotzsch
(2) Podlech. 1966. FSWA 61: 1. H. natalensis Wedd. (1, 3, 4)
(3) Obermeyer. 1970. FSA 13: 211–213. Annual. Herb, hydrophyte: haptophyte. Ht 0.1–0.4 m.
(4) Verdcourt. 1986. FTEA Hydrostachyaceae: 1–7. Alt 155–1220 m. N, KZN
HYPERICACEAE
HYPERICUM L. 5168000 LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC

(1) Wight & Arnott. 1844–1846. Icones plantarum Indiae orientalis lanceolatum Lam. = H. revolutum subsp. revolutum
2: 959. leucoptychodes Steud. ex A.Rich. = H. revolutum subsp.
(2) Bredell. 1939. Bothalia 3: 578.
(3) Phillips. 1940. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 20: t. 787. revolutum
(4) Verdoorn. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: t. 897. natalense J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
(5) Robson. 1957. Kew Bulletin 12: 440. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.61 m. Alt 460–1525 m. M,
(6) Robson. 1961. FZ 1: 379–387.
(7) Killick & Robson. 1976. FSA 22: 14–20.
S, KZN, EC
(8) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique oligandrum Milne-Redh.
tropicale 1: 168, 169. Annual. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt? N
(9) Robson. 1990. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History),
Botany 20: 1–151. patulum L. var. forrestii Chitt. = H. forrestii
(10) Robson. 1995. European garden flora 4: 44–74. *perforatum L.
aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. aethiopicum Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.76 m. Alt 107–1450 m. L,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 40–2408 m. LIM, WC
S, KZN, L, WC, EC revolutum Vahl subsp. revolutum
aethiopicum Thunb. subsp. sonderi (Bredell) N.Robson H. lanceolatum Lam. (7)
H. sonderi Bredell (5) H. leucoptychodes Steud. ex A.Rich. (7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.5 m. Alt 5–2350 m. LIM, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.33–3.65 m. Alt 365–2732 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC G, M, S, KZN, EC
*forrestii (Chitt.) N.K.B.Robson roeperianum Schimp. ex A.Rich. var. roeperianum
H. patulum L. var. forrestii Chitt. (10) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.22–5 m. Alt 700–915 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 1.3 m. Alt 2033–2216 m. KZN LIM
*hookerianum Wight & Arn. sonderi Bredell = H. aethiopicum subsp. sonderi
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? KZN wilmsii R.Keller
lalandii Choisy Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.2 m. Alt ± 1675 m. M, FS,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 5–1847 m. N, B, L, EC
DICOTYLEDONS HYDNORACEAE Aphyteia

ICACINACEAE
APODYTES E.Mey. ex Arn. 4686000 LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC

(1) Killick. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1695. tinifolia Harv.
(2) Van Wyk & Potgieter 1994. South African Journal of Botany 60: Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–4 m. Alt 15–1730 m. S,
231–239.
KZN, EC
abbottii Potgieter & A.E.van Wyk
Perennial. Shrub, tree. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 10–250 m. KZN, EC PYRENACANTHA Wight 4709000
(1) Mendes. 1963. FZ 2: 347–351.
dimidiata E.Mey. ex Arn. subsp. dimidiata
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–15 m. Alt 5–1980 m. grandiflora Baill.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.1–7 m. Alt 45–1700 m.
geldenhuysii A.E.van Wyk & Potgieter LIM, M, S, KZN
Perennial. Shrub, tree. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 10–1300 m. WC kamassana Baill. = P. kaurabassana
kaurabassana Baill.
CASSINOPSIS Sond. 4671000 P. kamassana Baill. (original spelling, 1)
(1) Mendes. 1963. FZ 2: 341, 342. Perennial. Shrub, geophyte, climber. Ht up to 3 m. Alt
capensis Sond. = C. ilicifolia 45–610 m. LIM, M, S, KZN
ilicifolia (Hochst.) Kuntze scandens Planch. ex Harv.
C. capensis Sond. (1) Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.1–3 m. Alt 15–1035 m.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 305–1845 m. KZN, WC, EC
KIRKIACEAE
KIRKIA Oliv. 4128000 acuminata Oliv. var. pubescens (Burtt Davy) Bremek. =
K. acuminata
(1) Wild & Phipps. 1963. FZ 2: 214, 216.
(2) Ross. 1970. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1590. dewinteri Merxm. & Heine
(3) Stannard. 1981. Kew Bulletin 35: 829–839. Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–10 m. Alt ± 750 m. N
(4) Immelman. 1986. FSA 18,3: 1–3.
pubescens Burtt Davy = K. acuminata
acuminata Oliv. pubescens Burtt Davy var. glabripetala Burtt Davy = K.
K. acuminata Oliv. var. pubescens (Burtt Davy) Bremek. (1)
K. pubescens Burtt Davy (1)
acuminata
K. pubescens Burtt Davy var. glabripetala Burtt Davy (3) wilmsii Engl.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–17 m. Alt 245–1465 m. N, B, Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–15 m. Alt 365–1495 m. LIM,
LIM, M, S NW, G, M, S
LAMIACEAE
Compiled by E. Retief & P.P.J. Herman
Note: Paton (pers. comm.) regards the genera Englerastrum, Holostylon, Neohyptis and Solenostemon as congeneric with Plectranthus
and places Becium under Ocimum, but they are here retained as separate taxa.
ACROCEPHALUS Benth. 7362000 LIM, G, NC

sericeus Briq. = Haumaniastrum sericeum belckii Gürke = A. fleckii
fleckii (Gürke) Launert
ACROTOME Benth. ex Endl. 7236000 A. belckii Gürke (1)
Leucas fleckii Gürke (1)
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 19–23.
(2) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 490, 491. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 500–1800 m. N
amboensis Briq. = A. inflata hispida Benth.
angustifolia G.Taylor
A. lancifolia Bremek. & Oberm. (1) G, M, S, FS, KZN
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 915–1430 m. N, B, inflata Benth.
ICACINACEAE Apodytes DICOTYLEDONS

A. amboensis Briq. (1) BASILICUM Moench 7364000

Lasiocorys eenii (Hiern) Baker (1)
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 216, 217.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 550–2200 m. N, B, (2) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 491.
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC, EC
polystachyon (L.) Moench
lancifolia Bremek. & Oberm. = A. angustifolia Moschosma polystachyon (L.) Benth. (1)
pallescens Benth. Ocimum polystachyon L. (1)
Stachys steingroeveri Briq. (1) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 136–303 m. LIM, M,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.45–0.5 m. Alt 470–2116 S
m. N, NC
thorncroftii Skan BECIUM Lindl. 7366010
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 60–975 m. M, S, (1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 223–227.
(2) Sebald. 1988. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A 419: 1–74.
KZN (3) Sebald. 1989. Stuttgarter Beiträge zur Naturkunde, Serie A 437: 1–63.
(4) Paton. 1995. Kew Bulletin 50: 199–242.
AEOLLANTHUS Mart. ex 7345000 (5) Williamson & Balkwill. 1995. Kew Bulletin 50: 739–751.
K.Spreng. (6) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 491, 492.
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 121–125. angustifolium (Benth.) N.E.Br.
(2) Ryding. 1986. Symbolae Botanicae Upsaliensis 26: 1–152. Ocimum angustifolium Benth. (1)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 1300–1854
buchnerianus Briq. m. B, LIM, NW, G, M
A. canescens Gürke (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.5 burchellianum (Benth.) N.E.Br.
Ocimum burchellianum Benth. (1)
m. Alt 500–2200 m. N, NW, LIM, G, M, FS, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 91–1525 m. EC
KZN, L, EC
citriodorum S.D.Will. & K.Balkwill
canescens Gürke = A. buchnerianus Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt ± 1400 m. LIM
crenatus S.Moore = A. rehmannii coddii S.D.Will. & K.Balkwill
heliotropioides Oliv. = A. suaveolens Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt ± 600 m. M
lobatus of authors, not of N.E.Br., concept invalid = A. filamentosum (Forssk.) Chiov.
namibiensis B. knyanum (Vatke) N.E.Br. ex Broun & R.E.Massey (2)
B. obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. knyanum (Vatke) Cufod. (2)
namibiensis Ryding Ocimum fissilabrum Briq. (2)
A. lobatus of authors, not of N.E.Br., concept invalid (1) Ocimum knyanum Vatke (2)
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.65 m. Alt ± 1500 Ocimum rautanenii Briq. (2)
m. N Ocimum stenoglossum Briq. (2)
neglectus (Dinter) Launert Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 160–860 m. N, B,
Plectranthus neglectus Dinter (1) LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 520– grandiflorum (Lam.) Pic.Serm. var. galpinii (Gürke) Sebald
1400 m. N, B, LIM = B. obovatum subsp. obovatum var. galpinii
parvifolius Benth.
grandiflorum (Lam.) Pic.Serm. var. obovatum (E.Mey.
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 5–1525
ex Benth.) Sebald = B. obovatum subsp. obova-
m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
tum var. obovatum
rehmannii Gürke
A. crenatus S.Moore (1) knyanum (Vatke) N.E.Br. ex Broun & R.E.Massey = B.
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 300– filamentosum
2045 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S, KZN obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. subsp. obovatum
suaveolens Mart. ex K.Spreng. var. galpinii (Gürke) N.E.Br.
A. heliotropioides Oliv. (1) B. grandiflorum (Lam.) Pic.Serm. var. galpinii (Gürke) Sebald (4)
Annual. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ± 1200 m. B. obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. galpinii (Gürke)
LIM N.E.Br. (4)
Ocimum galpinii Gürke (4)
Perennial. Herb, procumbent, decumbent. Ht 0.15–0.3
AJUGA L. 7211000 m. Alt 800–1800 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 6, 7.
(2) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 491. obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. subsp. obovatum
ophrydis Burch. ex Benth. var. obovatum
B. grandiflorum (Lam.) Pic.Serm. var. obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.25 m. Alt 160–2440 m. G, Sebald (4)
M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC B. obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. glabrius (Benth.) Cufod. (4)
B. obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. hians (Benth.) N.E.Br. (4)
BALLOTA L. 7279000 B. obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. obovatum (4)
Ocimum obovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. (4)
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 48–50.
(2) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 530. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.4 m. Alt 1090–2055 m.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
africana (L.) Benth.
Marrubium africanum L. (1) obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. galpinii
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 3– (Gürke) N.E.Br. = B. obovatum subsp. obova-
1525 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC tum var. galpinii
DICOTYLEDONS LAMIACEAE Acrotome

obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. glabrius (Benth.) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2.5 m. Alt 200–500 m. LIM
Cufod. = B. obovatum subsp. obovatum var. obo- rehmannii Gürke = C. glabrum var. glabrum
vatum
scheffleri Gürke var. ellipticum Moldenke = Rotheca
obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. hians (Benth.) cuneiformis
N.E.Br. = B. obovatum subsp. obovatum var. obo-
vatum schlechteri Gürke = Rotheca myricoides
obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. knyanum (Vatke) simile H.Pearson = C. transvaalense
Cufod. = B. filamentosum spinescens (Oliv.) Gürke, illegitimate name = Rotheca
obovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. var. obovatum = uncinata
B. obovatum subsp. obovatum var. obovatum ternatum Schinz
C. ternatum Schinz var. lanceolatum (Gürke) Moldenke (4)
reclinatum S.D.Will. & K.Balkwill C. wilmsii Gürke (4)
Perennial. Herb, procumbent. Length 0.1–0.35 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 91–1500 m.
70–148 m. KZN N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S
waterbergensis S.D.Will. & K.Balkwill ternatum Schinz var. lanceolatum (Gürke) Moldenke =
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 1400–1700 m. LIM C. ternatum
*CEDRONELLA Moench 7245000 transvaalense Thomas
C. simile H.Pearson (1)
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 26, 27.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? ‘TV’
triphyllum (Harv.) H.Pearson = Rotheca hirsuta
canariensis (L.) Webb & Berthel.
C. triphylla Moench (1) uncinatum Schinz = Rotheca uncinata
Dracocephalum canariense L. (1) violaceum Gürke = Rotheca violacea
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 2.5 m. Alt ± 300 m. NC wildii Moldenke forma glabrum R.Fern. = Rotheca
triphylla Moench = C. canariensis wildii forma glabra
wilmsii Gürke = C. ternatum
CLERODENDRUM L. 7191000
(1) Thomas. 1937. Botanische Jahrbücher 68: 1–106. CLINOPODIUM L. 7305030
(2) Moldenke. 1940. Phytologia 1: 416.
(3) Friedrich-Holzhammer. 1967. FSWA 122: 4–6. martinicense Jacq. = Leucas martinicensis
(4) Verdcourt. 1992. FTEA Verbenaceae: 84–144.
(5) Fernandes. 1998. Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana 30: 5–109. COLEUS Lour. 7355000
africanum Moldenke (insufficiently known) amboinicus Lour. = Plectranthus amboinicus
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht? Alt? KZN
barbatus (Andrews) Benth. = Plectranthus barbatus
buchneri Gürke
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 600– caninus (Roth) Vatke = Plectranthus caninus
1350 m. B carnosus Dinter ex Eliovson = Plectranthus neochilus
caeruleum N.E.Br. = Rotheca caerulea comosus Hochst. ex Gürke = Plectranthus ornatus
cuneatum Gürke = Rotheca cuneiformis decumbens Gürke = Plectranthus tetensis
cuneiforme Moldenke = Rotheca cuneiformis dysentericus Baker = Solenostemon rotundifolius
dekindtii Gürke = Rotheca myricoides latifolius Hochst. ex Benth. = Solenostemon latifolius
dekindtii Gürke var. dinteri Thomas = Rotheca myri- mirabilis Briq. = Plectranthus mirabilis
coides neochilus (Schltr.) Codd = Plectranthus neochilus
discolor (Klotzsch) Vatke var. oppositifolium Thomas = omahekense Dinter = Plectranthus caninus
Rotheca myricoides
pentheri Gürke = Plectranthus neochilus
glabrum E.Mey. var. angustifolium E.Mey. = C. glabrum
rehmannii Briq. = Solenostemon latifolius
var. glabrum
rotundifolius (Poir.) A.Chev. & Perrot = Solenostemon
glabrum E.Mey. var. glabrum
C. glabrum E.Mey. var. angustifolium E.Mey. (4) rotundifolius
C. rehmannii Gürke (5) schinzii Gürke = Plectranthus neochilus
Perennial. Shrub or small tree. Ht 0.3–9 m. Alt 0–1600 tetensis Baker = Plectranthus tetensis
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
vagatus E.A.Bruce = Plectranthus tetensis
hirsutum (Hochst.) H.Pearson = Rotheca hirsuta
louwalbertsii P.P.J.Herman = Rotheca louwalbertsii CYCLONEMA Hochst. 7191010
myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke = Rotheca myricoides myricoides (Hochst.) Hochst. = Rotheca myricoides
myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke subsp. namibiense R.Fern. = hirsutum Hochst. = Rotheca hirsuta
Rotheca myricoides
triphyllum Harv. = Rotheca hirsuta
pearsonii Moldenke = Rotheca hirsuta
pilosum H.Pearson = Rotheca pilosa DRACOCEPHALUM L. 7250000
pleiosciadium Gürke canariense L. = Cedronella canariensis
LAMIACEAE Becium DICOTYLEDONS

ECHINOSTACHYS E.Mey. 7347020 canescens (Gürke) M.Ashby

Orthosiphon affinis N.E.Br. (1)
reticulata E.Mey. = Pycnostachys reticulata Orthosiphon canescens Gürke (1)
ENDOSTEMON N.E.Br. 7345010 NW, G, M, S, KZN
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 127–130. cinerea Codd
obtusifolius (E.Mey. ex Benth.) N.E.Br. KZN, L
Ocimum obtusifolium E.Mey. ex Benth. (1)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 5–1675 m. dinteri Briq. = H. petrensis
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC elliottii (Baker) M.Ashby
Orthosiphon elliottii Baker (1)
ocimoides Bremek. = E. tereticaulis Orthosiphon messinensis R.D.Good (1)
tenuiflorus (Benth.) M.Ashby Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.35–0.6 m. Alt 100–1330 m. B,
Orthosiphon tenuiflorus Benth. (1)
Pseudocimum trichocalyx Bremek. (1)
LIM, NW
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 275–900 m. N, floccosa Launert
B, LIM, M Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt 400–1346 m. N
tereticaulis (Poir.) M.Ashby foliosa S.Moore
E. ocimoides Bremek. (1) H. humilis (N.E.Br.) M.Ashby (1)
Ocimum tereticaule Poir. (1) Orthosiphon foliosus (S.Moore) N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 305–1350 Perennial. Herb, decumbent to erect. Length 0.2–0.35
m. N, B, M m. Alt 762–1585 m. M, S, KZN
gerrardii (N.E.Br.) M.Ashby
ENGLERASTRUM Briq. 7353000 Orthosiphon gerrardii N.E.Br. (1)
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 177. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 1 m. Alt ± 1300 m. M,
schweinfurthii Briq. KZN
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, decumbent. Ht ± 0.6 m. hoepfneri Briq. = H. bracteosa
Alt ± 960 m. N humilis (N.E.Br.) M.Ashby = H. foliosa
GENIOSPORUM Wall. ex Benth. 7363000 incana Codd
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–0.6 m. Alt ± 2000 m. M
angolense Briq. = Platostoma rotundifolium
latidens (N.E.Br.) M.Ashby = Syncolostemon latidens
paniculatum Baker = Neohyptis paniculata
linearis (Benth.) Briq.
GERMANEA Lam. 7350050 Orthosiphon linearis Benth. (1)
rotundifolia Poir. = Solenostemon rotundifolius B, NW
HAUMANIASTRUM P.A.Duvign. 7362010 macrophylla (Gürke) Codd
Orthosiphon macrophyllus (Gürke) N.E.Br. (1)
& Plancke Syncolostemon macrophyllus Gürke (1)
(1) Verdoorn. 1942. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 22: t. 847. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 1300–1400
(2) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 213. m. M, KZN
(3) Paton. 1997. Kew Bulletin 52: 293–378.
modesta Codd
sericeum (Briq.) A.J.Paton
S, KZN
HEMIZYGIA (Benth.) Briq. 7365000 mossiana (R.D.Good) M.Ashby = H. petrensis
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 193–211. obermeyerae M.Ashby
(2) Codd. 1989. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 2000. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 800–1829 m. LIM
(4) Paton & Balkwill. 2001. Kew Bulletin 56: 491–496. parvifolia Codd
albiflora (N.E.Br.) M.Ashby Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 1250–1540 m. M
Orthosiphon albiflorus N.E.Br. (1) persimilis (N.E.Br.) M.Ashby
Orthosiphon decipiens N.E.Br. (1) Orthosiphon persimilis N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 915–2316 m. LIM, Orthosiphon rogersii N.E.Br. (1)
M, S Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 610–1130 m. NW,
bolusii (N.E.Br.) Codd M, S
Orthosiphon bolusii N.E.Br. (1) petiolata M.Ashby
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt ± 3000 m. KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 765–1465 m. LIM,
bracteosa (Benth.) Briq. M, S
H. hoepfneri Briq. (1) petrensis (Hiern) M.Ashby
H. serrata Briq. (1) H. dinteri Briq. (1)
Ocimum bracteosum Benth. (1) H. mossiana (R.D.Good) M.Ashby (1)
Orthosiphon bracteosus (Benth.) Baker (1) Orthosiphon engleri Perkins (1)
Orthosiphon schinzianus Briq. (1) Orthosiphon holubii N.E.Br. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.7 m. Alt 380–1150 m. N, B, Orthosiphon petrensis Hiern (1)
LIM, M Orthosiphon varians N.E.Br. (1)
DICOTYLEDONS LAMIACEAE Echinostachys

Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 305– opposita Vahl var. decumbens (Benth.) Baker = H. oppo-
2336 m. N, B, NW, LIM, M sita
pretoriae (Gürke) M.Ashby subsp. heterotricha Codd opposita Vahl var. verticillata (Vahl) Baker = H. oppo-
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 380–1220 m. M, S, sita
KZN
*HYPTIS Jacq. 7342000
pretoriae (Gürke) M.Ashby subsp. pretoriae
Orthosiphon pretoriae Gürke (1) (1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 117–119.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 610–1830 m. G,
M, S, KZN mutabilis (A.Rich.) Briq.
H. mutabilis (A.Rich.) Briq. var. spicata (Poit.) Briq. (1)
punctata Codd Nepeta mutabilis A.Rich. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt 915–1400 m. M Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt ± 800 m. KZN
ramosa Codd mutabilis (A.Rich.) Briq. var. spicata (Poit.) Briq. = H.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt ± 400 m. KZN mutabilis
rehmannii (Gürke) M.Ashby pectinata (L.) Poit.
Orthosiphon rehmannii Gürke (1) Nepeta pectinata L. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 1280–2180 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–2.3 m. Alt 10–1220 m. B,
LIM LIM, M, S, KZN
rugosifolia M.Ashby spicigera Lam.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 1380–1440 m. LIM Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 600–1000 m. B, LIM
serrata Briq. = H. bracteosa
IBOZA N.E.Br. 7357010
stalmansii A.J.Paton & K.Balkwill
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.8–1.5 m. Alt 890–1410 m. M, S bainesii N.E.Br. = Tetradenia riparia
stenophylla (Gürke) M.Ashby barberae N.E.Br. = Tetradenia barberae
Orthosiphon stenophyllus Gürke (1) brevispicata N.E.Br. = Tetradenia brevispicata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 915–1920 m. galpinii N.E.Br. = Tetradenia riparia
KZN, EC riparia (Hochst.) N.E.Br. = Tetradenia riparia
subvelutina (Gürke) M.Ashby
Orthosiphon subvelutinus Gürke (1) KALAHARIA Baill. 7187000
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 915–2300 m. uncinata (Schinz) Moldenke = Rotheca uncinata
LIM, G, M
teucriifolia (Hochst.) Briq. KAROMIA Dop 7192010
Ocimum teucriifolium Hochst. (1) (1) Phillips. 1922. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 2: t. 49.
Orthosiphon teucriifolius (Hochst.) N.E.Br. var. galpinianus (Briq.) (2) Fernandes. 1985. Garcia de Orta 7,1, 2: 33–46.
N.E.Br. (1) (3) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 642.
Orthosiphon teucriifolius (Hochst.) N.E.Br. var. teucriifolius (1)
Orthosiphon woodii Gürke (1) speciosa (Hutch. & Corbishley) R.Fern. forma flava
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 765–2135 m. M, (Moldenke) R.Fern.
KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3.5 m. Alt ± 200 m. M
thorncroftii (N.E.Br.) M.Ashby speciosa (Hutch. & Corbishley) R.Fern. forma speciosa
Orthosiphon thorncroftii N.E.Br. (1) Holmskioldia speciosa Hutch. & Corbishley (2)
Holmskioldia tettensis of authors not of (Klotzsch) Vatke, concept
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 914–1675 m. M, invalid (2)
S Perennial. Shrub. Ht 4–6 m. Alt 152–1220 m. LIM, G,
transvaalensis (Schltr.) M.Ashby M, S, KZN
Orthosiphon muddii N.E.Br. (1)
Orthosiphon transvaalensis Schltr. (1) *LAMIUM L. 7271000
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 701–1900 m. NW, M, (1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 46, 47.
S (2) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 495.
HOLOSTYLON Robyns & 7350020 amplexicaule L.

J.-P.Lebrun Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 516–1700 m. G, FS,
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 173. L, NC, WC, EC
baumii (Gürke) G.Taylor LASIOCORYS Benth. 7268010
Plectranthus baumii Gürke (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1.2–2.5 m. Alt ± 1000 m. B capensis Benth. = Leucas capensis
eenii (Hiern) Baker = Acrotome inflata
HOSLUNDIA Vahl 7357000
pechuelii Kuntze = Leucas pechuelii
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 182,183.
LEONOTIS (Pers.) R.Br. 7264000
opposita Vahl (1) Dyer. 1942. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 22: t. 876.
H. opposita Vahl var. decumbens (Benth.) Baker (1) (2) Iwarsson. 1985. FSA 28,4: 31–37.
H. opposita Vahl var. verticillata (Vahl) Baker (1) (3) Vos. 1995. A systematic study of Leonotis (Pers.) R.Br. (Lamia-
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt 15–1525 m. N, B, ceae) in southern Africa. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of
LIM, M, S, KZN Natal, Pietermaritzburg.
LAMIACEAE Hemizygia DICOTYLEDONS

(4) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 495, 496. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 800–1800 m.
(5) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 530. LIM, NW, G, M, NC, WC, EC
africanus Mill. = L. leonurus ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson var. raineriana (Vis.)
bachmannii Gürke = L. intermedia Iwarsson = L. ocymifolia
brevipes Skan = L. intermedia ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson var. schinzii (Gürke)
dinteri Briq. = L. schinzii Iwarsson = L. schinzii
dubia E.Mey. parvifolia Benth. = L. ocymifolia
L. galpinii Skan (3)
L. laxifolia MacOwan (3) raineriana Vis. = L. ocymifolia
L. laxifolia MacOwan forma pilosa Gürke (3) randii S.Moore
L. mollis Benth. var. albiflora Skan (3) L. microphylla Skan (3)
L. urticifolia Briq. (3)
L. westae Skan (3) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 1000–1600 m. B,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 182–2000 m. S, LIM, G, M, FS
KZN, EC schinzii Gürke
L. dinteri Briq. (3)
dysophylla Benth. = L. intermedia L. hereroensis Briq. (3)
galpinii Skan = L. dubia L. ocymifolia (Burm.f) Iwarsson var. schinzii (Gürke) Iwarsson (3)
grandiflorus Moench = L. leonurus Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 900–2000 m. N, LIM,
hereroensis Briq. = L. schinzii NW, G, M
intermedia Lindl. urticifolia Briq. = L. dubia
L. bachmannii Gürke (3) westae Skan = L. dubia
L. brevipes Skan (3)
L. dysophylla Benth. (3)
L. intermedia Lindl. var. natalensis Skan (3) LEONURUS L. 7273000
L. malacophylla Gürke (3)
minor Boerh. = Leonotis ocymifolia
LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC LEUCAS Burm. ex R.Br. 7268000
intermedia Lindl. var. natalensis Skan = L. intermedia (1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 38–45.
kwebensis N.E.Br. = L. nepetifolia (2) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 496.
latifolia Gürke = L. ocymifolia
altissima Engl. = L. pechuelii
laxifolia MacOwan = L. dubia
capensis (Benth.) Engl.
laxifolia MacOwan forma pilosa Gürke = L. dubia Lasiocorys capensis Benth. (1)
leonitis R.Br. var. hirtiflora (Benth.) Skan = L. ocymi- Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–1.5 m. Alt 30–1465
folia m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC, EC
leonitis R.Br. var. leonitis = L. ocymifolia dinteri Briq. = L. glabrata var. glabrata
leonurus (L.) R.Br ebracteata Peyr. var. kaokoveldensis Sebald
L. africanus Mill. (3) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 1100–1340 m. N
L. grandiflorus Moench (3)
L. leonurus (L.) R.Br. var. albiflora Benth. (3)
fleckii Gürke = Acrotome fleckii
Phlomis leonurus L. (3) glabrata (Vahl) Sm. var. glabrata
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 5–1980 m. LIM, M, L. dinteri Briq. (1)
KZN, WC, EC L. junodii Briq. (1)
L. natalensis Sond. (1)
leonurus (L.) R.Br. var. albiflora Benth. = L. leonurus Phlomis glabrata Vahl (1)
malacophylla Gürke = L. intermedia Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.8 m. Alt 30–1350 m. N, B,
LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, EC
microphylla Skan = L. randii
glabrata (Vahl) Sm. var. linearis Codd
mollis Benth. var. albiflora Skan = L. dubia
Perennial. Herb, short-lived. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt ± 1000
mollis Benth. var. mollis = L. ocymifolia m. LIM
nepetifolia (L.) R.Br. indica (L.) Vatke = L. lavandulifolia
L. kwebensis N.E.Br. (3)
Phlomis nepetifolia L. (3) junodii Briq. = L. glabrata var. glabrata
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 151–1065 m. N, B, lavandulifolia Sm.
LIM, G, M, S L. indica (L.) Vatke (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 5–155 m. KZN
ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson
L. latifolia Gürke (3) martinicensis (Jacq.) R.Br.
L. leonitis R.Br. var. hirtiflora (Benth.) Skan (3) Clinopodium martinicense Jacq. (1)
L. leonitis R.Br. var. leonitis (3) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–1.2 m. Alt 120–1705 m. N, B,
L. mollis Benth. var. mollis (3) LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN
L. ocymifolia (Burm.f.) Iwarsson var. raineriana (Vis.) Iwarsson (3)
L. parvifolia Benth. (3) natalensis Sond. = L. glabrata var. glabrata
L. raineriana Vis. (3)
Leonurus minor Boerh. (3)
neuflizeana Courbon
Phlomis leonotis L. (3) Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 441–
Phlomis ocymifolia Burm.f. (3) 1530 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC
DICOTYLEDONS LAMIACEAE Leonotis

pechuelii (Kuntze) Gürke grandiflora Killick = Satureja grandibracteata

Lasiocorys pechuelii Kuntze (1)
L. altissima Engl. (1) pilosa Benth. = Satureja reptans
MOSCHOSMA Rchb. 7364010
sexdentata Skan
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 109–1465 m. B, polystachyon (L.) Benth. = Basilicum polystachyon
LIM, NW, M riparium Hochst. = Tetradenia riparia
*MARRUBIUM L. 7238000 NAUTOCHILUS Bremek. 7367020

(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 24, 25.
amabilis Bremek. = Orthosiphon amabilis
africanum L. = Ballota africana
breyeri Bremek. = Orthosiphon labiatus
vulgare L.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 5–1830 m. L, EC labiatus (N.E.Br.) Bremek. = Orthosiphon labiatus
urticaefolia Bremek. = Orthosiphon labiatus
MENTHA L. 7328000
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 107–111. NEOHYPTIS J.K.Morton 7347010
(2) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 496, 497. (1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 135.
aquatica L. paniculata (Baker) J.K.Morton
M. dumetorum Schult. var. natalensis Briq. (2) Geniosporum paniculatum Baker (1)
Perennial. Herb, rhizomatous, procumbent. Length Annual. Herb. Ht ± 2 m. Alt ± 900 m. B
0.8–1.5 m. Alt 5–2135 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, S,
KZN, L, NC, WC, EC NEOMUELLERA Briq. 7356000
capensis Thunb. = M. longifolia subsp. capensis damarensis S.Moore = Plectranthus hereroensis
dumetorum Schult. var. natalensis Briq. = M. aquatica
longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. bouvieri (Briq.) Briq. = M. NEPETA L. 7247000
longifolia subsp. capensis mutabilis A.Rich. = Hyptis mutabilis
longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. pectinata L. = Hyptis pectinata
M. capensis Thunb. (2)
M. longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. bouvieri (Briq.) Briq. (2)
M. longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. var. cooperi OCIMUM L. 7366000
Briq. ex T.Cooke (2) (1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 219–222.
M. longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. var. dorato- (2) Paton. 1992. Kew Bulletin 47: 403–435.
phylla Briq. (2) (3) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 497.
M. longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. var.
obscuriceps Briq. (2) angustifolium Benth. = Becium angustifolium
M. longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. var. salicina bracteosum Benth. = Hemizygia bracteosa
(Burch. ex Benth.) Briq. (2)
burchellianum Benth. = Becium burchellianum
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 75–2590 m. NW, FS,
L, NC, WC, EC fissilabrum Briq. = Becium filamentosum
longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. var. galpinii Gürke = Becium obovatum subsp. obovatum
cooperi Briq. ex T.Cooke = M. longifolia subsp. var. galpinii
capensis gratissimum L. subsp. gratissimum var. gratissimum
longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. var. O. micranthum Dinter ex Launert, naked name (2)
O. suave Willd. (2)
doratophylla Briq. = M. longifolia subsp. capensis O. urticifolium Roth subsp. urticifolium (2)
longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. var. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 150–1400 m. N, B,
obscuriceps Briq. = M. longifolia subsp. capensis LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. capensis (Thunb.) Briq. var. hadiense Forssk. = Plectranthus hadiensis var. hadien-
salicina (Burch. ex Benth.) Briq. = M. longifolia sis
subsp. capensis
knyanum Vatke = Becium filamentosum
longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. polyadena (Briq.) Briq.
M. sylvestris L. subsp. polyadena Briq. (2) micranthum Dinter ex Launert, naked name = O. gratis-
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 120–1980 m. LIM, G, simum subsp. gratissimum var. gratissimum
M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC natalense Ayob. ex A.J.Paton
longifolia (L.) Huds. subsp. wissii (Launert) Codd O. natalense Ayob., naked name (2)
M. wissii Launert (2) O. urticifolium Roth subsp. caryophyllatum Codd (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 700–1400 m. N, NC, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 5–100 m. KZN
WC natalense Ayob., naked name = O. natalense
sylvestris L. subsp. polyadena Briq. = M. longifolia subsp. obovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. = Becium obovatum subsp.
polyadena obovatum var. obovatum
wissii Launert = M. longifolia subsp. wissii obtusifolium E.Mey. ex Benth. = Endostemon obtusi-
folius
MICROMERIA Benth. 7305010
polystachyon L. = Basilicum polystachyon
biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Benth. = Satureja bi-
flora rautanenii Briq. = Becium filamentosum
LAMIACEAE Leucas DICOTYLEDONS

stenoglossum Briq. = Becium filamentosum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 1450–1600 m.
suave Willd. = O. gratissimum subsp. gratissimum LIM
var. gratissimum rehmannii Gürke = Hemizygia rehmannii
suffrutescens Thonn. = Orthosiphon suffrutescens rogersii N.E.Br. = Hemizygia persimilis
tereticaule Poir. = Endostemon tereticaulis rubicundus (D.Don) Benth.
Plectranthus rubicundus D.Don (4)
teucriifolium Hochst. = Hemizygia teucriifolia
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.6 m. Alt 700–1000 m. LIM
urticifolium Roth subsp. caryophyllatum Codd = O.
schinzianus Briq. = Hemizygia bracteosa
natalense
serratus Schltr.
urticifolium Roth subsp. urticifolium = O. gratissimum
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt 185–2000 m. M,
subsp. gratissimum var. gratissimum
S, KZN
verticillatum L.f. = Plectranthus verticillatus
stenophyllus Gürke = Hemizygia stenophylla
ORTHOSIPHON Benth. 7367000 subvelutinus Gürke = Hemizygia subvelutina
(1) Verdoorn. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: t. 901. suffrutescens (Thonn.) J.K.Morton
(2) Codd. 1972. The Flowering Plants of Africa 42: t. 1657. Ocimum suffrutescens Thonn. (4)
(3) Codd. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1697. O. australis Vatke (4)
(4) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 229–236. O. inconcinnus Briq. (4)
(5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 497, 498. O. wilmsii Gürke var. komghensis N.E.Br. (4)
affinis N.E.Br. = Hemizygia canescens O. wilmsii Gürke var. wilmsii (4)
albiflorus N.E.Br. = Hemizygia albiflora
amabilis (Bremek.) Codd
Nautochilus amabilis Bremek. (4) tenuiflorus Benth. = Endostemon tenuiflorus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 560–1065 m. teucriifolius (Hochst.) N.E.Br. var. galpinianus (Briq.)
LIM, M N.E.Br. = Hemizygia teucriifolia
ambiguus Bolus = Plectranthus ambiguus teucriifolius (Hochst.) N.E.Br. var. teucriifolius = Hemi-
australis Vatke = O. suffrutescens zygia teucriifolia
bolusii N.E.Br. = Hemizygia bolusii thorncroftii N.E.Br. = Hemizygia thorncroftii
bracteosus (Benth.) Baker = Hemizygia bracteosa transvaalensis Schltr. = Hemizygia transvaalensis
canescens Gürke = Hemizygia canescens tubiformis R.D.Good
decipiens N.E.Br. = Hemizygia albiflora LIM
elliottii Baker = Hemizygia elliottii varians N.E.Br. = Hemizygia petrensis
engleri Perkins = Hemizygia petrensis vernalis Codd
foliosus (S.Moore) N.E.Br. = Hemizygia foliosa Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 762–915 m. S
fruticosus Codd wilmsii Gürke var. komghensis N.E.Br. = O. suffrutes-
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 304–1280 m. cens
LIM, M wilmsii Gürke var. wilmsii = O. suffrutescens
gerrardii N.E.Br. = Hemizygia gerrardii woodii Gürke = Hemizygia teucriifolia
holubii N.E.Br. = Hemizygia petrensis
inconcinnus Briq. = O. suffrutescens PHLOMIS L. 7266000
labiatus N.E.Br. glabrata Vahl = Leucas glabrata var. glabrata
Nautochilus breyeri Bremek. (4) leonitis L. = Leonotis ocymifolia
Nautochilus labiatus (N.E.Br.) Bremek. (4) leonurus L. = Leonotis leonurus
Nautochilus urticaefolia Bremek. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.8 m. Alt 305–2130 m. nepetifolia L. = Leonotis nepetifolia
LIM, NW, M, S, KZN ocymifolia Burm.f. = Leonotis ocymifolia
latidens N.E.Br. = Syncolostemon latidens PLATOSTOMA P.Beauv. 7360000
linearis Benth. = Hemizygia linearis (1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 214, 215.
macranthus Gürke = Syncolostemon macranthus (2) Paton. 1997. Kew Bulletin 52: 257–292.
macrophyllus (Gürke) N.E.Br. = Hemizygia macro-
phylla rotundifolium (Briq.) A.J.Paton
Geniosporum angolense Briq. (2)
messinensis R.D.Good = Hemizygia elliottii Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 765–1890 m.
muddii N.E.Br. = Hemizygia transvaalensis LIM, G, M, S
persimilis N.E.Br. = Hemizygia persimilis PLECTRANTHUS L’Hér. 7350000
petrensis Hiern = Hemizygia petrensis (1) Phillips. 1928. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 8: t. 294.
pretoriae Gürke = Hemizygia pretoriae subsp. pretoriae (2) Dyer. 1944. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 24: t. 960.
(3) Dyer & Bruce. 1949. The Flowering Plants of Africa 27: t. 1073.
pseudoserratus M.Ashby (4) Verdoorn. 1949. The Flowering Plants of Africa 27: t. 1051.
DICOTYLEDONS LAMIACEAE Ocimum

(5) Dyer & Bruce. 1951. The Flowering Plants of Africa 28: t. 1110. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 152–
(6) Lewis. 1951. The Flowering Plants of Africa 28: t. 1109. 3250 m. N, B, NW, G, M, S, KZN
(8) Codd. 1963. The Flowering Plants of Africa 36: t. 1417. densiflorus T.Cooke = P. cylindraceus
dinteri Briq.
P. zatarhendi in sense of Launert & A.Schreib., misapplied name (18)
(11) Agnew. 1974. Upland Kenya wild flowers: 633–640.
(12) Codd. 1977. The Flowering Plants of Africa 44: tt. 1728, 1729. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 410–1830
(13) Codd. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: t. 1791. m. N
(15) Codd. 1982. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: tt. 1854, 1855.
dolichopodus Briq.
P. cooperi T.Cooke in part (18)
(16) Codd. 1984. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: tt. 1887, 1888.
(17) Codd. 1985. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: tt. 1903–1905. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–1 m. Alt 765–1830 m. LIM,
(18) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 137–172. M, KZN, EC
(19) Van Jaarsveld & Edwards. 1991. The Flowering Plants of Africa
51: t. 2034.
dolomiticus Codd
(20) Van Jaarsveld & Edwards. 1997. Bothalia 27: 1–6. Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 1000
(21) Van Jaarsveld & Hankey. 1997. Aloe 34: 40, 41. m. LIM
draconis Briq. = P. hadiensis var. woodii
aliciae (Codd) Van Jaarsv. & T.J.Edwards dregei Codd = P. ambiguus
P. madagascariensis (Pers.) Benth. var. aliciae Codd (20) ecklonii Benth.
Perennial. Herb, decumbent, semisucculent. Ht 0.4– Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.7–2.5 m. Alt 30–1525 m. M,
0.5 m. Alt ± 400 m. KZN, EC KZN, EC
ambiguus (Bolus) Codd elegantulus Briq.
Orthosiphon ambiguus Bolus (20)
P. coloratus E.Mey. ex Benth. in part (18)
P. dregei Codd (18) ernstii Codd
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 5– Perennial. Herb, procumbent, succulent. Ht up to 2 m.
1645 m. G, M, S, KZN, EC Alt ± 350 m. KZN, EC
amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng. esculentus N.E.Br.
Coleus amboinicus Lour. (18) P. floribundus N.E.Br. (18)
Perennial. Herb, decumbent, succulent. Length up to Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.06–1.2 m. Alt 600–
1.5 m. Alt 60–155 m. KZN 1370 m. B, LIM, M, S, KZN
amboinicus of author, not of (Lour.) Spreng. = P. unguen- floribundus N.E.Br. = P. esculentus
tarius
fruticosus L’Hér.
arthropodus Briq. = P. fruticosus P. arthropodus Briq. (18)
aurifer Dinter ex Launert = P. hereroensis P. behrii Compton (18)
*barbatus Andrews P. charianthus Briq. (18)
Coleus barbatus (Andrews) Benth. (18) P. galpinii Schltr. (18)
P. peglerae T.Cooke (18)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht ± 3 m. Alt 213–1075 m.
LIM, G, S, WC, EC
LIM, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
baumii Gürke = Holostylon baumii
galpinii Schltr. = P. fruticosus
behrii Compton = P. fruticosus
glomeratus R.A.Dyer = P. cylindraceus
calycinus Benth. var. calycinus = Rabdosiella calycina
calycinus Benth. var. pachystachyus (Briq.) T.Cooke = grallatus Briq.
P. cooperi T.Cooke in part (18)
Rabdosiella calycina P. krookii Gürke ex Zahlbr. (18)
candelabriformis Launert P. natalensis Gürke forma glandulosa E.Phillips (18)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1 m. Alt ± 2135 m. N P. praetervisus Briq. (18)
P. transvaalensis Briq. var. grandifolia T.Cooke (18)
caninus Roth P. transvaalensis Briq. var. transvaalensis (18)
Coleus caninus (Roth) Vatke (18) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 565–2200 m. LIM,
Coleus omahekense Dinter (18)
G, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
1200 m. N, LIM, NW grandidentatus Gürke
charianthus Briq. = P. fruticosus Perennial. Herb, procumbent, succulent. Length up to
2 m. Alt 335–1775 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
ciliatus E.Mey. ex Benth.
P. natalensis Gürke (18) hadiensis (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Spreng. var. hadiensis
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 15–1730 m. LIM, Ocimum hadiense Forssk. (18)
P. pachyphyllus Gürke ex T.Cooke (18)
G, S, KZN, WC, EC P. zatarhendi in sense of Codd var. zatarhendi in sense of Codd,
coloratus E.Mey. ex Benth. in part = P. ambiguus misapplied name (18)
cooperi T.Cooke in part = P. dolichopodus Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 420–
cooperi T.Cooke in part = P. grallatus 2195 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN
cylindraceus Hochst. ex Benth. hadiensis (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Spreng. var. tomento-
P. densiflorus T.Cooke (18) sus (Benth.) Codd
P. glomeratus R.A.Dyer (18) P. tomentosus Benth. (18)
P. spiciformis R.A.Dyer (18) P. zatarhendi in sense of Codd var. tomentosus (Benth.) Codd, mis-
P. villosus T.Cooke (18) applied name (18)
LAMIACEAE Plectranthus DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 30–1800 Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.12–0.5
m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC m. Alt 15–1800 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S,
hadiensis (Forssk.) Schweinf. ex Spreng. var. woodii KZN, EC
(Gürke) Codd nummularius Briq. = P. verticillatus
P. draconis Briq. (18)
P. woodii Gürke (18) oertendahlii T.C.E.Fr.
P. zatarhendi in sense of Codd var. woodii (Gürke) Codd, misap- Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt ± 100–450
plied name (18) m. KZN
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 100– oribiensis Codd
1700 m. LIM, M, KZN, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt ± 600 m. KZN
hereroensis Engl. otaviensis Dinter = P. hereroensis
Neomuellera damarensis S.Moore (18)
P. aurifer Dinter ex Launert (18) pachyphyllus Gürke ex T.Cooke = P. hadiensis var.
P. myrianthus Briq. (18) hadiensis
P. otaviensis Dinter (18)
parviflorus Gürke = P. strigosus
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, semisucculent. Ht up to
1 m. Alt 305–1830 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, KZN peglerae T.Cooke = P. fruticosus
hilliardiae Codd *ornatus Codd
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt ± 200 m. Perennial. Herb, decumbent, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m.
KZN, EC Alt? Distr.?
hirtus Benth. = P. madagascariensis var. madagas- pentheri (Gürke) Van Jaarsv. & T.J.Edwards
cariensis Perennial. Herb, decumbent, succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m.
hylophilus of author, not of Gürke, concept invalid = P. Alt ± 530 m. EC
laxiflorus petiolaris E.Mey. ex Benth.
krookii Gürke ex Zahlbr. = P. grallatus P. kuntzei Gürke (18)
kuntzeanus Domin = P. strigosus Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 50–500 m.
M, KZN, EC
kuntzei Gürke = P. petiolaris
praetermissus Codd
laxiflorus Benth.
P. hylophilus of author, not of Gürke, concept invalid (18) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt ± 200 m. EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 15–1980 m. LIM, praetervisus Briq. = P. grallatus
M, S, KZN, EC psammophilus Codd
lucidus Van Jaarsv. & T.J.Edwards Perennial. Herb, decumbent to procumbent, succulent.
P. strigosus Benth. var. lucidus Benth. (20) Length up to 0.5 m. Alt 175–700 m. KZN
Perennial. Herb, procumbent, succulent. Ht? Alt 60– purpuratus Harv. subsp. montanus Van Jaarsv. &
133 m. EC T.J.Edwards
madagascariensis (Pers.) Benth. var. aliciae Codd = P. Perennial. Herb, procumbent to decumbent, succulent.
aliciae Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt? M, KZN
madagascariensis (Pers.) Benth. var. madagascariensis purpuratus Harv. subsp. purpuratus
P. hirtus Benth. (18)
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 460–795 m. KZN
Perennial. Herb, procumbent, decumbent, succulent.
Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 6–1676 m. M, S, KZN, EC purpuratus Harv. subsp. tongaensis Van Jaarsv. &
madagascariensis (Pers.) Benth. var. ramosior Benth. T.J.Edwards
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt Perennial. Herb, procumbent, succulent. Ht/Length?
560–1830 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC Alt ± 90 m. KZN
malvinus Van Jaarsv. & T.J.Edwards pyramidatus Gürke = Rabdosiella calycina
Perennial. Herb, decumbent, succulent. Ht? Alt ± reflexus Van Jaarsv. & T.J.Edwards
500–600 m. EC Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt ± 700 m.
mirabilis (Briq.) Launert EC
Coleus mirabilis Briq. (18)
rehmannii Gürke
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–3.5 m. Alt ± 900 m. N
mutabilis Codd
Perennial. Herb, procumbent, succulent. Length up to rubicundus D.Don = Orthosiphon rubicundus
0.4 m. Alt 1000–2230 m. LIM, G, M rubropunctatus Codd
myrianthus Briq. = P. hereroensis Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 2 m. Alt 860–2100 m. LIM, G,
natalensis Gürke = P. ciliatus M, S, KZN
natalensis Gürke forma glandulosa E.Phillips = P. gral- saccatus Benth. var. longitubus Codd
latus Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt ± 480 m.
neglectus Dinter = Aeollanthus neglectus KZN
neochilus Schltr. saccatus Benth. var. saccatus
Coleus carnosus Dinter ex Eliovson (18) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.5–1.2 m. Alt 30–1150
Coleus neochilus (Schltr.) Codd (18) m. KZN, EC
Coleus pentheri Gürke (18)
Coleus schinzii Gürke (18) saccatus Benth. subsp. pondoensis Van Jaarsv. & Milstein
DICOTYLEDONS LAMIACEAE Plectranthus

Perennial. Herb, trailing, succulent. Ht? Alt? KZN, EC zatarhendi in sense of Codd var. zatarhendi in sense of
spicatus E.Mey. ex Benth. Codd, misapplied name = P. hadiensis var.
P. subspicatus Hochst. (18) hadiensis
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Alt 25–1065 m. LIM, M, zatarhendi in sense of Launert & A.Schreib., misapplied
S, KZN, EC name = P. dinteri
spiciformis R.A.Dyer = P. cylindraceus zuluensis T.Cooke
strigosus Benth. Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 50–1160 m. S, KZN
P. kuntzeanus Domin (18)
P. parviflorus Gürke (18) PREMNA L. 7185000
Perennial. Herb, decumbent or erect, succulent. Length (1) Pieper. 1928. Botanische Jahrbücher 62, Beiblatt 142: 80.
up to 0.3 m. Alt 15–1280 m. M, S, KZN, EC (2) Verdcourt. 1992. FTEA Verbenaceae: 68–82.
strigosus Benth. var. lucidus Benth. = P. lucidus
mooiensis (H.Pearson) W.Piep.
subspicatus Hochst. = P. spicatus Vitex mooiensis H.Pearson (1)
succulentus R.A.Dyer & E.A.Bruce = Thorncroftia Perennial. Tree. Ht ± 5 m. Alt 30–1370 m. LIM, NW,
succulenta M, S, KZN, EC
swynnertonii S.Moore senensis Klotzsch
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.75 m. Alt 765–1495 m. LIM Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 3 m. Alt ± 915 m. N
tetensis (Baker) Agnew *PRUNELLA L. 7254000
Coleus decumbens Gürke (18)
Coleus tetensis Baker (18) (1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 28, 29.
Coleus vagatus E.A.Bruce (18) vulgaris L.
P. vagatus (E.A.Bruce) Codd (18)
Perennial. Herb, straggling. Length up to 0.3 m. Alt
Perennial. Herb, procumbent, succulent. Length up to
457–1850 m. KZN, WC, EC
0.75 m. Alt 120–1440 m. B, LIM, M, S
tetragonus Gürke PSEUDOCIMUM Briq. 7365010
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 1000–3400 m. N, B, trichocalyx Bremek. = Endostemon tenuiflorus
LIM, S
thorncroftii S.Moore = Thorncroftia thorncroftii PYCNOSTACHYS Hook. 7347000
thunbergii Benth. = P. verticillatus (1) Phillips. 1933. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 13: t. 513.
tomentosus Benth. = P. hadiensis var. tomentosus (3) Phillips. 1940. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 20: t. 766.
transvaalensis Briq. var. grandifolia T.Cooke = P. gral- (4) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 131–134.
latus
coerulea Hook.
transvaalensis Briq. var. transvaalensis = P. grallatus
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt ± 1000 m. B
tysonii Gürke = Solenostemon latifolius holophylla Briq. = P. reticulata
unguentarius Codd pubescens Gürke = P. urticifolia
P. amboinicus of author, not of (Lour.) Spreng. (18)
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt ± 2135 m. purpurascens Briq. = P. reticulata
N reticulata (E.Mey.) Benth.
Echinostachys reticulata E.Mey. (4, 6)
vagatus (E.A.Bruce) Codd = P. tetensis P. holophylla Briq. (4, 6)
venteri Van Jaarsv. & Hankey P. purpurascens Briq. (4, 6)
P. reticulata (E.Mey.) Benth. var. angustifolia Benth. (4, 6)
Perennial. Herb, subshrub. Ht ± 0.7 m. Alt ± 1680 m. P. schlechteri Briq. (4, 6)
LIM Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 10–2134 m. LIM,
verticillatus (L.f.) Druce NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
Ocimum verticillatum L.f. (18)
P. nummularius Briq. (18)
reticulata (E.Mey.) Benth. var. angustifolia Benth. = P.
P. thunbergii Benth. (18) reticulata
Perennial. Herb, decumbent to procumbent, succulent. schlechteri Briq. = P. reticulata
Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 3–1770 m. LIM, G, M, S, urticifolia Hook.
KZN, WC, EC P. pubescens Gürke (4, 6)
villosus T.Cooke = P. cylindraceus Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 490–1920 m. LIM,
G, M
woodii Gürke = P. hadiensis var. woodii
xerophilus Codd RABDOSIA Hassk. 7350010
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1–1.7 m. Alt 312–1740 calycina (Benth.) Codd = Rabdosiella calycina
m. LIM, M
zatarhendi in sense of Codd var. tomentosus (Benth.) RABDOSIELLA Codd 7350030
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 175.
Codd, misapplied name = P. hadiensis var. tomen- (2) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 501.
tosus
calycina (Benth.) Codd
zatarhendi in sense of Codd var. woodii (Gürke) Codd, Plectranthus calycinus Benth. var. calycinus (1)
misapplied name = P. hadiensis var. woodii Plectranthus calycinus Benth. var. pachystachyus (Briq.) T.Cooke (1)
LAMIACEAE Plectranthus DICOTYLEDONS

Plectranthus pyramidatus Gürke (1) (3) Codd. 1966. The Flowering Plants of Africa 37: t. 1461.
Rabdosia calycina (Benth.) Codd (1) (4) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 79–101.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 60–2285 m. LIM, (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 501, 502.
(6) Van Jaarsveld. 1999. Bothalia 29: 100–102.
M, S, FS, KZN, EC (7) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 531, 532.
ROTHECA Raf. 7191020 africana L. = S. africana-caerulea
(1) Phillips. 1921. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 1: t. 19. africana-caerulea L.
(2) Meeuse. 1958. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1274. S. africana L. (4)
(3) Fernandes. 1998. Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana 30: 5–109. S. lanuginosa Burm.f. (4)
(4) Steane & Mabberley. 1998. Novon 8: 204–206. S. undulata Benth. (4)
(5) Fernandes & Verdcourt. 2000. Kew Bulletin 55: 147–154. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 20–1097 m. NC,
(6) Herman & Retief. 2002. Bothalia 32: 81.
WC, EC
caerulea (N.E.Br.) P.P.J.Herman & Retief africana-lutea L.
Clerodendrum caeruleum N.E.Br. (6)
S. aurea L. (4)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 640–1005 S. eckloniana Benth. (4)
m. LIM, M, KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 4–755 m. NC, WC,
cuneiformis (Moldenke) P.P.J.Herman & Retief EC
Clerodendrum cuneatum Gürke illegitimate name (6)
Clerodendrum cuneiforme Moldenke (6)
albicaulis Benth.
S. albicaulis Benth. var. dregeana (Benth.) Skan (4)
Clerodendrum scheffleri Gürke var. ellipticum Moldenke (6)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex. Ht? Alt 90–1800 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 60–900 m. WC
m. M, KZN albicaulis Benth. var. dregeana (Benth.) Skan = S. albi-
hirsuta (Hochst.) R.Fern. in broad sense caulis
Clerodendrum hirsutum (Hochst.) H.Pearson (5) aurea L. = S. africana-lutea
Clerodendrum pearsonii Moldenke (3)
Clerodendrum triphyllum (Harv.) H.Pearson (5) aurita L.f. var. aurita
Cyclonema hirsutum Hochst. (5) S. lasiostachys Benth. (4)
Cyclonema triphyllum Harv. (5) S. pallidiflora Skan (4)
S. peglerae Skan (4)
5–1405 m. LIM, KZN, WC, EC
louwalbertsii (P.P.J.Herman) P.P.J.Herman & Retief
Clerodendrum louwalbertsii P.P.J.Herman (6) aurita L.f. var. galpinii (Skan) Hedge
S. galpinii Skan (4)
NW, G, M, S, KZN
610–1675 m. M, S, KZN, EC
myricoides (Hochst.) Steane & Mabb. in broad sense
Clerodendrum dekindtii Gürke (3) burchellii N.E.Br. var. burchellii = S. namaensis
Clerodendrum dekindtii Gürke var. dinteri Thomas (3) burchellii N.E.Br. var. hispidula Skan = S. namaensis
Clerodendrum discolor (Klotzsch) Vatke var. oppositifolium
Thomas (3) chamelaeagnea P.J.Bergius
Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke (4) S. paniculata L. (4)
Clerodendrum myricoides (Hochst.) Vatke subsp. namibiense Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 15–1100 m. NC,
R.Fern. (5) WC
Clerodendrum schlechteri Gürke (3)
Cyclonema myricoides (Hochst.) Hochst. (4) chlorophylla Briq. = S. stenophylla
Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 0.9–5 m. Alt 30–1800 m. clandestina L. var. angustifolia Benth. = S. verbenaca
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN clandestina L. var. clandestina = S. verbenaca
pilosa (H.Pearson) P.P.J.Herman & Retief *coccinea Etl.
Clerodendrum pilosum H.Pearson (6) S. coccinea Etl. var. pseudococcinea (Jacq.) A.Gray (4)
Perennial. Suffrutex. Length 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 305–610 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 759–1524 m. N,
m. EC LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
uncinata (Schinz) P.P.J.Herman & Retief coccinea Etl. var. pseudococcinea (Jacq.) A.Gray = S.
Clerodendrum spinescens (Oliv.) Gürke, illegitimate name (6) coccinea
Clerodendrum uncinatum Schinz (6)
Kalaharia uncinata (Schinz) Moldenke (6)
cooperi Skan = S. repens var. repens
Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht 0.2–1.2 m. Alt 915–1310 m. dentata Aiton
N, B, NW Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 151–1525 m. NC,
violacea (Gürke) Verdc. WC
Clerodendrum violaceum Gürke (5) dinteri Briq. = S. garipensis
Perennial. Shrub, scrambler. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 3–15 m. disermas L.
KZN S. fleckii Gürke (4)
S. rugosa Aiton (4)
wildii (Moldenke) R.Fern. in broad sense S. rugosa Thunb. var. angustifolia Benth. (4)
Clerodendrum wildii Moldenke forma glabrum R.Fern. (5)
S. rugosa Thunb. var. rugosa (4)
Perennial. Shrub or tree, succulent. Ht up to 3 m. Alt Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 360–1555 m.
550–1020 m. B, LIM N, NW, G, FS, NC, EC
SALVIA L. 7290000 dolomitica Codd
(1) Codd. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1219. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 1150–1900 m. LIM,
(2) Codd. 1957. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1248. M
DICOTYLEDONS LAMIACEAE Rabdosiella

eckloniana Benth. = S. africana-lutea rugosa Thunb. var. rugosa = S. disermas

fleckii Gürke = S. disermas runcinata L.f.
S. monticola Benth. var. monticola (4)
galpinii Skan = S. aurita var. galpinii S. runcinata L.f. var. grandiflora Skan (4)
garipensis E.Mey. ex Benth. S. runcinata L.f. var. nana Skan (4)
S. dinteri Briq. (4) S. sisymbrifolia Skan (4)
S. steingroeveri Briq. (4) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt 155–2135 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt 630–2200 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
NC runcinata L.f. var. grandiflora Skan = S. runcinata
granitica Hochst. runcinata L.f. var. nana Skan = S. runcinata
Perennial. Herb, stoloniferous. Length up to 0.6 m. Alt
± 600–1000 m. WC scabra L.f.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 15–450 m. EC
hastifolia Benth. = S. lanceolata
schlechteri Briq.
lanceolata Lam. S. monticola Benth. var. angustiloba Skan (4)
S. hastifolia Benth. (4) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 800 m. EC
S. nivea Thunb. (4)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 15–1500 m. NC, WC sisymbrifolia Skan = S. runcinata
lanuginosa Burm.f. = S. africana-caerulea steingroeveri Briq. = S. garipensis
lasiostachys Benth. = S. aurita var. aurita stenophylla Burch. ex Benth.
S. chlorophylla Briq. (4)
monticola Benth. var. angustiloba Skan = S. schlechteri S. pallida Dinter ex Engl. (4)
monticola Benth. var. monticola = S. runcinata S. stenophylla Burch. ex Benth. var. subintegra Skan (4)
muirii L.Bolus
S. muirii L.Bolus var. grandiflora L.Bolus (4) LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ± 300 m. WC stenophylla Burch. ex Benth. var. subintegra Skan = S.
muirii L.Bolus var. grandiflora L.Bolus = S. muirii stenophylla
namaensis Schinz thermarum Van Jaarsv.
S. burchellii N.E.Br. var. burchellii (4) Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1 m. Alt ± 600 m. WC
S. burchellii N.E.Br. var. hispidula Skan (4) *tiliifolia Vahl
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 366–1465 m. N, Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt ± 1505 m. NW, G
LIM, NW, FS, NC, WC
triangularis Thunb.
nivea Thunb. = S. lanceolata Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 20–1950 m. EC
obtusata Thunb. tysonii Skan
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 200 m. EC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 765–1435 m. KZN,
pallida Dinter ex Engl. = S. stenophylla EC
pallidiflora Skan = S. aurita var. aurita undulata Benth. = S. africana-caerulea
paniculata L. = S. chamelaeagnea verbenaca L.
S. clandestina L. var. angustifolia Benth. (4)
peglerae Skan = S. aurita var. aurita S. clandestina L. var. clandestina (4)
radula Benth. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 45–1670 m. N,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt 1300–1900 m. NW, FS, NC, WC, EC
LIM, NW woodii Gürke = S. repens var. repens
raphanifolia Benth. = S. repens var. repens
*reflexa Hornem. SATUREJA L. 7305000
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–0.75 m. Alt 549–2100 m. LIM, (1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 103–106.
NW, FS, KZN, L, EC (2) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 502.
repens Burch. ex Benth. var. keiensis Hedge biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Briq.
Micromeria biflora (Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don) Benth. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.8 m. Alt 900–1560 m. EC Thymus biflorus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don (1)
repens Burch. ex Benth. var. repens Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 915–1740 m. LIM,
S. cooperi Skan (4) NW, G, M, S, L, EC
S. raphanifolia Benth. (4)
S. rudis Benth. (4) compacta Killick
S. woodii Gürke (4) Perennial. Herb, procumbent. Length 0.15–0.3 m. Alt
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.8 m. Alt 15–2440 m. LIM, ± 2125 m. KZN
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC grandibracteata Killick
repens Burch. ex Benth. var. transvaalensis Hedge Micromeria grandiflora Killick (1)
NW, G, M, FS KZN
rudis Benth. = S. repens var. repens reptans Killick
Micromeria pilosa Benth. (1)
rugosa Aiton = S. disermas
Perennial. Herb, procumbent. Length 0.25–0.6 m. Alt
rugosa Thunb. var. angustifolia Benth. = S. disermas 1800–2230 m. KZN
LAMIACEAE Salvia DICOTYLEDONS

*SCUTELLARIA L. 7234000 Annual. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 900–1465 m. N, NC

(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 16, 17. burchellii Benth. = S. burchelliana
caffra E.Mey. ex Benth.
racemosa Pers. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 30–1830 m. LIM, G,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 200–1713 m. G, M, FS, KZN, EC
M, KZN, EC
capensis C.Presl = S. aethiopica
SOLENOSTEMON Thonn. 7354000 chrysotrichos Gürke = S. simplex
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 179–181. comosa Codd
(2) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 502, 503. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt 420–450 m. KZN,
latifolius (Hochst. ex Benth.) J.K.Morton EC
Coleus latifolius Hochst. ex Benth. (1)
Coleus rehmannii Briq. (1) cooperi Skan = S. graciliflora
Plectranthus tysonii Gürke (1) crenulata Briq. = S. rugosa
Perennial. Herb, decumbent to procumbent. Length 0.2– cuneata Banks ex Benth.
1.5 m. Alt 460–1570 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 667–1650 m. NC,
rotundifolius (Poir.) J.K.Morton WC
Coleus dysentericus Baker (1)
Coleus rotundifolius (Poir.) A.Chev. & Perrot (1) cymbalaria Briq.
Germanea rotundifolia Poir. (1) S. aethiopica L. var. tenella Kuntze (1)
S. cymbalaria Briq. var. alba Skan (1)
Perennial. Herb, erect to decumbent, succulent.
Length 0.3–0.6 m. LIM, S, KZN Perennial. Herb, procumbent. Length ± 0.3 m. Alt
900–2200 m. KZN, EC
STACHYS L. 7281000 cymbalaria Briq. var. alba Skan = S. cymbalaria
(1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 51–78. dinteri Launert
(2) Codd. 1986. Bothalia 16: 51–53.
(4) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 532, 533. m. N
aethiopica L. dolichodeira Briq. = S. tubulosa
S. aethiopica L. var. glandulifera Skan (1) dregeana Benth.
S. aethiopica L. var. hispidissima Benth. (1) S. dregeana Benth. var. lasiocalyx (Schltr.) Skan (1)
S. aethiopica L. var. parviflora Skan (1) S. dregeana Benth. var. tenuior Skan (1)
S. attenuata Skan (1) S. rugosa Aiton var. foliosa (Benth.) Skan (1)
S. capensis C.Presl (1)
S. fruticetorum Briq. (1)
S. harveyi Skan (1) KZN, L, EC
S. hispidula Hochst. (1) dregeana Benth. var. lasiocalyx (Schltr.) Skan = S. dre-
S. serrulata Burch. ex Benth. (1)
geana
Perennial. Herb, erect or decumbent. Length ± 0.5 m.
Alt 5–2438 m. LIM, M, NC, WC, EC dregeana Benth. var. tenuior Skan = S. dregeana
aethiopica L. var. glandulifera Skan = S. aethiopica erectiuscula Gürke
S. erectiuscula Gürke var. natalensis Skan (1)
aethiopica L. var. hispidissima Benth. = S. aethiopica
aethiopica L. var. parviflora Skan = S. aethiopica KZN
aethiopica L. var. tenella Kuntze = S. cymbalaria erectiuscula Gürke var. natalensis Skan = S. erectius-
albiflora N.E.Br. cula
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–1.3 m. Alt 1800–2400 m. FS, flavescens Benth.
KZN S. gariepina Benth. (1)
arachnoidea Codd Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 244–1160 m. NC,
Perennial. Herb, procumbent. Length up to 1 m. Alt WC
1600–2000 m. LIM, M, S flexuosa Skan
*arvensis L. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 1400–2300 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 90–220 m. EC KZN, EC
attenuata Skan = S. aethiopica fruticetorum Briq. = S. aethiopica
aurea Benth. galpinii Briq. = S. natalensis var. galpinii
S. hantamensis Vatke (1)
S. integrifolia Vahl ex Benth. (1) gariepina Benth. = S. flavescens
S. teres Skan (1) graciliflora C.Presl
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 910–1600 m. NC, S. cooperi Skan (1)
WC Perennial. Herb, decumbent to procumbent. Length up
bachmannii Gürke = S. sessilifolia to 0.4 m. Alt 5–2010 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, WC,
bolusii Skan EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 244–457 m. WC grandifolia E.Mey. ex Benth.
burchelliana Launert Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 371–2135 m. LIM,
S. burchellii Benth. (1) M, S, KZN, L, EC
DICOTYLEDONS LAMIACEAE *Scutellaria

hantamensis Vatke = S. aurea priorii Skan = S. scabrida

harveyi Skan = S. aethiopica recurva Gürke = S. linearis
hispida (Thunb.) Briq. = S. thunbergii rehmannii Skan
hispidula Hochst. = S. aethiopica Perennial. Herb, procumbent. Length up to 0.5 m. Alt
1556–2330 m. LIM
humifusa Burch. ex Benth.
S. subsessilis Burch. ex Benth. (1) reticulata Codd
S. tenella Skan (1) Perennial. Herb, decumbent to procumbent. Length up
Perennial. Herb, procumbent. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 30– to 0.6 m. Alt 1400–2200 m. M
1525 m. KZN, EC rivularis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans
hyssopoides Burch. ex Benth. S. schlechteri Gürke (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 685–1800 m. LIM, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ± 1500 m. KZN
NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC rudatisii Skan
integrifolia Vahl ex Benth. = S. aurea Perennial. Herb, procumbent. Length ± 0.3 m. Alt
karasmontana Dinter = S. spathulata 1400–2000 m. KZN, EC
kuntzei Gürke rugosa Aiton
S. petrogenes Briq. (1) S. crenulata Briq. (1)
S. multiflora Benth. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–1 m. Alt 1300–1746 m. M, Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.2 m. Alt 180–2900 m. N,
FS, KZN, L L, NC, WC, EC
lamarckii Benth.
S. nutans Benth. (1) rugosa Aiton var. foliosa (Benth.) Skan = S. dregeana
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt 300–1600 m. N, NC rugosa Aiton var. linearis (Burch. ex Benth.) Skan = S.
leptoclada Briq. = S. natalensis var. natalensis linearis
linearis Burch. ex Benth. scabrida Skan
S. priorii Skan (1)
S. recurva Gürke (1)
S. rugosa Aiton var. linearis (Burch. ex Benth.) Skan (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 420–945 m. WC,
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 700–1300 EC
m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC schlechteri Gürke = S. rivularis
lupulina Briq. = S. natalensis var. galpinii serrulata Burch. ex Benth. = S. aethiopica
malacophylla Skan sessilifolia E.Mey. ex Benth.
Perennial. Herb, decumbent. Length up to 0.4 m. Alt S. bachmannii Gürke (1)
610–1950 m. EC Perennial. Herb, decumbent. Length up to 0.7 m. Alt
minima Gürke = S. spathulata 1518–1660 m. KZN, EC
multiflora Benth. = S. rugosa sessilis Gürke
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 610–2590 m. M,
natalensis Hochst. var. galpinii (Briq.) Codd FS, KZN, L, EC
S. galpinii Briq. (1)
S. lupulina Briq. (1) simplex Schltr.
S. parilis N.E.Br. (1) S. chrysotrichos Gürke (1)
S. villosissima H.M.L.Forbes (1) S. pascuicola Briq. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.2 m. Alt 5–2175 m. LIM, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 1524–2650 m. M,
G, M, S, KZN S, FS, KZN
natalensis Hochst. var. natalensis spathulata Burch. ex Benth.
S. leptoclada Briq. (1) S. karasmontana Dinter (1)
S. transvaalensis Gürke (1) S. minima Gürke (1)
Perennial. Herb, decumbent. Length up to 0.5 m. Alt S. pachycalamna Briq. (1)
30–2487 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.3 m. Alt 35–1485 m. N, B,
LIM, NW, FS, KZN, NC
nigricans Benth.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.2 m. Alt 23–1981 m. LIM, steingroeveri Briq. = Acrotome pallescens
M, S, KZN, EC sublobata Skan
nutans Benth. = S. lamarckii Perennial. Herb, erect or decumbent. Ht/Length
0.1–0.15 m/up to 0.3 m. Alt 183–1067 m. WC
obtusifolia MacOwan
S. obtusifolia MacOwan var. flanaganii Skan (1) subsessilis Burch. ex Benth. = S. humifusa
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 900–2200 m. EC tenella Skan = S. humifusa
obtusifolia MacOwan var. angustifolia Skan = S. tysonii teres Skan = S. aurea
obtusifolia MacOwan var. flanaganii Skan = S. obtusi- thunbergii Benth.
folia S. hispida (Thunb.) Briq. (1)
pachycalamna Briq. = S. spathulata Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 120–950 m. WC,
EC
parilis N.E.Br. = S. natalensis var. galpinii
transvaalensis Gürke = S. natalensis var. natalensis
pascuicola Briq. = S. simplex
tubulosa MacOwan
petrogenes Briq. = S. kuntzei S. dolichodeira Briq. (1)
LAMIACEAE Stachys DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb, straggling. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 420– rotundifolius E.Mey. ex Benth.

1830 m. S, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 60–610 m. KZN,
tysonii Skan EC
S. obtusifolia MacOwan var. angustifolia Skan (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 2100–2590 m. FS, TETRADENIA Benth. 7339000
KZN, L, EC (1) Phillips. 1940. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 20: t. 767.
(2) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 113–116.
villosissima H.M.L.Forbes = S. natalensis var. galpinii (3) Codd. 1987. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1949.
zeyheri Skan (4) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 504, 505.
(5) Van Jaarsveld & Van Wyk. 2003. Bothalia 33: 107, 108.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 0.75 m. Alt 500–850 m. WC
barberae (N.E.Br.) Codd
SYNCOLOSTEMON E.Mey. 7359000 Iboza barberae N.E.Br. (2, 3)
ex Benth. Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 320–450
(1) Codd. 1957. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1252. m. EC
(2) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 185–191. brevispicata (N.E.Br.) Codd
(3) Codd. 1988. Bothalia 18: 92, 93. Iboza brevispicata N.E.Br. (2, 3)
(4) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 504. Perennial. Tree, shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–3 m. Alt
argenteus N.E.Br. 300–1800 m. LIM, NW, G, M
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.6–1.3 m. Alt 460–1065 m. kaokoensis Van Jaarsv. & A.E.van Wyk
KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt ± 2000 m. N
comptonii Codd riparia (Hochst.) Codd
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.6 m. Alt ± 914 m. S Iboza bainesii N.E.Br. (2, 3)
concinnus N.E.Br. Iboza galpinii N.E.Br. (2, 3)
Iboza riparia (Hochst.) N.E.Br. (2, 3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 910–1950 m. M, Moschosma riparium Hochst. (2, 3)
S, FS, KZN Perennial. Tree, shrub, succulent. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 30–
densiflorus Benth. 1850 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S, KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.2 m. Alt 15–1425 m. KZN,
EC TEUCRIUM L. 7212000
eriocephalus I.Verd. (1) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 8–11.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 1600–2135 m. LIM, (3) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 533.
M, S
africanum Thunb.
lanceolatus Gürke var. cooperi (Briq.) N.E.Br. = S. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 15–1465 m.
parviflorus var. lanceolatus WC, EC
lanceolatus Gürke var. grandiflorus N.E.Br. = S. parvi- capense Thunb. = T. trifidum
florus var. lanceolatus
kraussii Codd
lanceolatus Gürke var. lanceolatus = S. parviflorus var. T. riparium Hochst. (1)
lanceolatus Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.1 m. Alt 50–1700 m. M, S,
latidens (N.E.Br.) Codd KZN, EC
Hemizygia latidens (N.E.Br.) M.Ashby (2) riparium Hochst. = T. kraussii
Orthosiphon latidens N.E.Br. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt ± 915 m. KZN trifidum Retz.
T. capense Thunb. (1)
macranthus (Gürke) M.Ashby Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1.1 m. Alt 15–2025 m. B,
Orthosiphon macranthus Gürke (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 1570–2102 m. FS,
KZN THORNCROFTIA N.E.Br. 7367010
macrophyllus Gürke = Hemizygia macrophylla (1) Dyer & Bruce. 1949. The Flowering Plants of Africa 27: t. 1073.
parviflorus E.Mey. ex Benth. var. dissitiflorus (Benth.) (2) Codd. 1964. The Flowering Plants of Africa 36: t. 1425.
(3) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 237–239.
N.E.Br. = S. parviflorus var. parviflorus (4) Codd. 1986. Bothalia 16: 52, 53.
parviflorus E.Mey. ex Benth. var. lanceolatus (Gürke) (5) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 505.
Codd longiflora N.E.Br.
S. lanceolatus Gürke var. cooperi (Briq.) N.E.Br. (2)
S. lanceolatus Gürke var. grandiflorus N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt ± 1220
S. lanceolatus Gürke var. lanceolatus (2) m. M, S
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 610– media Codd
1450 m. KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt ± 600 m.
parviflorus E.Mey. ex Benth. var. parviflorus LIM
S. parviflorus E.Mey. ex Benth. var. dissitiflorus (Benth.) N.E.Br. (2) succulenta (R.A.Dyer & E.A.Bruce) Codd
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 90– Plectranthus succulentus R.A.Dyer & E.A.Bruce (3)
2010 m. M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub, herb, succulent. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt ±
ramulosus E.Mey. ex Benth. 1636 m. LIM, M
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.2 m. Alt ± 100 m. KZN, thorncroftii (S.Moore) Codd
EC Plectranthus thorncroftii S.Moore (3)
DICOTYLEDONS LAMIACEAE Stachys

Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt ± 1525 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2.5–3 m. Alt 33–1000 m. LIM,
m. M, S M, S, KZN
ferruginea Schumach. & Thonn. subsp. amboniensis
THYMUS L. 7319000 (Gürke) Verdc. var. amaniensis (W.Piep.) Verdc. =
biflorus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don = Satureja biflora V. ferruginea
TINNEA Kotschy & Peyr. 7213000 ferruginea Schumach. & Thonn. subsp. amboniensis
(Gürke) Verdc. var. amboniensis = V. ferruginea
(2) Codd. 1979. The Flowering Plants Africa 46: tt. 1813, 1814. flavescens Rolfe = V. mombassae
(3) Codd. 1985. FSA 28,4: 12–15.
(4) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 505. geminata H.Pearson = V. harveyana
barbata Vollesen harveyana H.Pearson
V. geminata H.Pearson (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 884–1100 m. M, S,
KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 60–610 m. M, S,
KZN, EC
dinteri Gürke ex Dinter = T. rhodesiana
mechowii Gürke = V. mombassae
eriocalyx Welw.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 1100–1250 mombassae Vatke
V. flavescens Rolfe (3)
m. N, B V. mechowii Gürke (3)
galpinii Briq. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–3 m. Alt ± 975 m. B
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 180–1950 m. G, mooiensis H.Pearson = Premna mooiensis
M, S, KZN, EC
obovata subsp. obovata
juttae Dinter = T. rhodesiana V. reflexa H.Pearson (4)
rehmannii Schinz = T. rhodesiana V. wilmsii Gürke var. reflexa (H.Pearson) W.Piep. (4)
rhodesiana S.Moore Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–4 m. Alt 550–1370 m. LIM, M,
T. dinteri Gürke ex Dinter (3) S, KZN, EC
T. juttae Dinter (3) obovata E.Mey. subsp. wilmsii (Gürke) C.L.Breden-
T. rehmannii Schinz (3)
kamp & D.J.Botha
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2.25 m. Alt 333–1220 m. N, V. wilmsii Gürke var. wilmsii (4)
LIM, M Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–4 m. Alt? LIM, G, M, S
VITEX L. 7186000 patula E.A.Bruce
(1) Pearson. 1901. FC 5: 180–226. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2.5–4 m. Alt 720–914 m. LIM,
(2) Merxmüller. 1967. FSWA 122: 9, 10. KZN
(3) Verdcourt. 1992. FTEA Verbenaceae: 50–68. pooara Corbishley
(4) Bredenkamp & Botha. 1993. South African Journal of Botany 59:
611–622. Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 5 m. Alt 318–1600 m. LIM,
(5) Bredenkamp & Botha. 1996. Bothalia 26: 141–151. NW, G
(6) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 644, 645. reflexa H.Pearson = V. obovata subsp. obovata
(7) Sales. 2001. Kew Bulletin 56: 189–207.
rehmannii Gürke
amboniensis Gürke = V. ferruginea Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 60–1646 m. LIM, NW,
angolensis Gürke G, M, S, KZN
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt ± 900 m. N
wilmsii Gürke var. reflexa (H.Pearson) W.Piep. = V.
ferruginea Schumach. & Thonn. obovata subsp. obovata
V. amboniensis Gürke (7)
V. ferruginea Schumach. & Thonn. subsp. amboniensis (Gürke) wilmsii Gürke var. wilmsii = V. obovata subsp. wilmsii
Verdc. var. amaniensis (W.Piep.) Verdc. (7)
V. ferruginea Schumach. & Thonn. subsp. amboniensis (Gürke) zeyheri Sond.
Verdc. var. amboniensis (7) Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–4 m. Alt 1050–1600 m. B, NW, G
LAURACEAE
BEILSCHMIEDIA Nees 2801000 Perennial. Twining herb, parasite. Ht variable. Alt 30–
1000 m. NC, WC, EC
natalensis J.H.Ross = Dahlgrenodendron natalense
*filiformis L.
CASSYTHA L. 2825000 Perennial. Twining herb, parasite. Ht variable. Alt 5–
(1) Stapf. 1912. FC 5,1: 500–502. 1600 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
(2) Verdcourt. 1996. FTEA Lauraceae: 14–18. pondoensis Engl. var. pondoensis
(3) Diniz. 1997. FZ 9,2: 46–49. Perennial. Twining herb, parasite. Ht variable. Alt 0–
ciliolata Nees 850 m. KZN, EC
LAMIACEAE Thorncroftia DICOTYLEDONS

CRYPTOCARYA R.Br. 2813000 Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–12 m. Alt 90–1350 m.

(1) Burtt Davy. 1922. Kew Bulletin 1922: 33. KZN, EC
(2) Kostermans. 1938. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l’État Bruxelles
15: 73–108. DAHLGRENODENDRON 2813010
(3) Diniz. 1996. Kirkia 16: 60–63. J.J.M.van der Merwe & A.E.van Wyk
(4) Diniz. 1997. FZ 9,2: 49–53.
(1) Ross. 1973. Bothalia 11: 118.
acuminata Sim = C. woodii (2) Van der Merwe et al. 1988. South African Journal of Botany 54:
80–88.
angustifolia E.Mey. ex Meisn.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 100–900 m. WC natalense (J.H.Ross) J.J.M.van der Merwe & A.E.van
Wyk
latifolia Sond. Beilschmiedia natalensis J.H.Ross (2)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–18 m. Alt 30–1035 m. KZN, EC Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 0–300 m. KZN, EC
liebertiana Engl.
C. siebertiana Burtt Davy (2) *LITSEA Lam. 2798000
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–22 m. Alt 10–400 m. KZN (1) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No.
liebertiana in sense of Kostermans in part = C. trans- 39: 172.
(2) Kostermans. 1957. Reinwardtia 4,2: 240, 241.
vaalensis
sebifera Pers.
myrtifolia Stapf
C. vacciniifolia Stapf (2) Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 0–300 m. KZN
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–20 m. Alt 10–1500 m. KZN, EC
OCOTEA Aubl. 2788000
siebertiana Burtt Davy = C. liebertiana (1) Rohwer. 1986. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Allgemeine Botanik
sutherlandii Stapf = C. wyliei Hamburg 20: 1–278.
transvaalensis Burtt Davy (2) Verdcourt. 1996. FTEA Lauraceae: 9–14.
C. liebertiana in sense of Kostermans in part (3) (3) Diniz. 1997. FZ 9,2: 56–59.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–15 m. Alt 900–1700 m. LIM, M, S bullata (Burch.) Baill.
vacciniifolia Stapf = C. myrtifolia Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–30 m. Alt 30–1435 m. LIM, M,
KZN, L, WC, EC
woodii Engl.
C. acuminata Sim (2) kenyensis (Chiov.) Robyns & R.Wilczek
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–24 m. Alt 10–1740 m. M, S, O. viridis Kosterm. (1)
KZN, EC Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–20 m. Alt 30–1700 m. LIM, M,
KZN, EC
wyliei Stapf
C. sutherlandii Stapf (2) viridis Kosterm. = O. kenyensis
LECYTHIDACEAE
BARRINGTONIA J.R.Forst. 5506000 (4) Tsou. 1994. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 71:
& G.Forst. 1–110.
(1) Strey. 1976. The Flowering Plants of Africa 43: t. 1706. racemosa (L.) Roxb.
(2) Fernandes. 1978. FZ 4: 216–218.
(3) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs Perennial. Tree (mangrove), shrub. Ht 2–20 m. Alt 45–
d’Afrique tropicale 1: 149. 90 m. KZN
LENTIBULARIACEAE
BUCRANION Raf. 7901010 (5) Taylor. 1991 Carnivorous Plant Newsletter 20: 20−35.
capense (Spreng.) Raf. = Utricularia bisquamata africana Oliv. in part; Kamieński (1902) in part = G.
hispidula
CALPIDISCA Barnhart 7901020
hispidula Stapf
capensis (Spreng.) Barnhart = Utricularia bisquamata G. africana Oliv. in part; Kamieński (1902) in part (2)
G. hispidula Stapf subsp. hispidula P.Taylor (4)
GENLISEA A.St.-Hil. 7899000 Annual or perennial? Herb, terrestrial or affixed aquatic,
(1) Kamieński. 1902. Botanische Jahrbücher 33: 92, 93. inflorescence emergent, carnivore. Ht 0.08–0.3 m.
(2) Stapf. 1904. FC 4,2: 436, 437. Alt 6–1980 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
(3) Taylor. 1973. FTEA Lentibulariaceae: 23−26.
(4) Taylor. 1988. FZ 8,3: 38−42. hispidula Stapf subsp. hispidula P.Taylor = G. hispidula
DICOTYLEDONS LAURACEAE Cryptocarya

UTRICULARIA L. 7901000 delicata Kamieński = U. bisquamata

(1) Kamieński. 1902. Botanische Jahrbücher 33: 92−113. diploglossa Welw. ex Oliv. = U. reflexa
(2) Stapf. 1904. FC 4,2: 423−436.
(3) Phillips. 1933. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 13: t. 515. dregei Kamieński = U. livida
(4) Phillips. 1938. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 18: t. 700. dregei Kamieński var. stricta Kamieński = U. livida
(5) Taylor. 1964. Kew Bulletin 18: 1−245.
(6) Schreiber. 1968. FSWA 133: 1−4. ecklonii Spreng. = U. bisquamata
(7) Taylor. 1973. FTEA Lentibulariaceae: 1−23. elevata Kamieński = U. livida
(8) Taylor. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 1−18.
(9) Taylor. 1988. FZ 8,3: 9−38.
elevata Kamieński var. macowanii Kamieński = U. livida
(10) Taylor. 1989. Kew Bulletin Additional Series 14: ix−720. engleri Kamieński = U. livida
Note: depending on water levels, terrestrial species sometimes grow in exilis in sense of Kamieński (1902) in part, not of Oliv.
water, appearing aquatic. In any case, all Utricularia plants live
under moist conditions. Most heights were obtained by measur- = U. bisquamata
ing inflorescences, normally held erect. In aquatic forms, some exilis Oliv. = U. arenaria
part of the peduncle would be submerged.
exilis Oliv. var. arenaria (A.DC.) Kamieński in part = U.
arenaria A.DC. bisquamata
U. exilis Oliv. (6)
U. exilis Oliv. var. hirsuta Kamieński. (6) exilis Oliv. var. ecklonii (Spreng.) Kamieński in part =
U. kirkii Stapf (6) U. bisquamata
U. monophylla Dinter (10) exilis Oliv. var. elatior Kamieński = U. bisquamata
Annual. Herb, terrestrial, helophyte/tenagophyte, car- exilis Oliv. var. hirsuta Kamieński = U. arenaria
nivore. Ht 0.02–0.11 m. Alt 2–1440 m. N, B,
LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L exilis Oliv. var. minor Kamieński = U. bisquamata
australis R.Br exoleta R.Br. = U. gibba
U. stellaris in sense of Wager (1928), not of L.f. (10) firmula Welw. ex Oliv.
U. vulgaris in sense of P.Taylor (1964) in part, not of L. (10) Annual. Herb, terrestrial, lithophyte, carnivore. Ht 0.04–
Perennial. Herb, suspended aquatic, inflorescence ± 0.28 m. Alt 1–35 m at least. ‘Tvl’, KZN
emergent, carnivore. Ht 0.025–± 0.2 m. Alt 4–± foliosa in sense of Kamieński (1902) in part; Stapf
1830 m. M, FS, KZN (1904) in part, not of L. = U. stellaris
benjaminiana Oliv.
U. gilletii De Wild. & T.Durand (6) foliosa L.
Perennial. Herb, suspended or ± affixed aquatic, inflo- Perennial? Herb, suspended aquatic, inflorescence
rescence emergent, carnivore. Ht 0.02–± 0.05 m. emergent, carnivore. Ht 0.03–0.52 m at least. Alt
Alt 6–940 m. N, B, KZN 0–± 1000 m. N, B, KZN
bisquamata Schrank gibba L.
Antirrhinum aphyllum L.f. (10) U. exoleta R.Br. (9)
Bucranion capense (Spreng.) Raf. (10) U. gibba L. subsp. exoleta (R.Br.) P.Taylor (9)
Calpidisca capensis (Spreng.) Barnhart (10) Annual or perennial. Herb, affixed or suspended
Linaria aphylla (L.f.) Spreng. (10) aquatic, inflorescence emergent or occ. not, car-
U. brachyceras Schltr. (10) nivore. Ht 0.02–0.12 m. Alt 1–1525 m. N, B,
U. capensis Spreng. (8)
U. capensis Spreng. var. brevicalcarata Oliv. (10) LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L?, NC, EC
U. capensis Spreng. var. elatior Kamieński. (10) gibba L. subsp. exoleta (R.Br.) P.Taylor = U. gibba
U. delicata Kamieński. (10)
U. ecklonii Spreng. (10)
gibbsiae Stapf = U. scandens
U. exilis in sense of Kamieński (1902) in part, not of Oliv. (10) gilletii De Wild. & T.Durand = U. benjaminiana
U. exilis Oliv. var. arenaria (A.DC.) Kamieński in part (10) grandivesiculosa Czech = U. reflexa
U. exilis Oliv. var. ecklonii (Spreng.) Kamieński in part (10)
U. exilis Oliv. var. elatior Kamieński (10) humilis Phillips = U. livida
U. exilis Oliv. var. minor Kamieński (10) inflexa Forssk.
U. lehmannii Benj. (10) U. inflexa Forssk. var. inflexa P.Taylor (10)
U. rehmannii Kamieński (10)
U. schinzii Kamieński (10)
Perennial? Herb, suspended aquatic, inflorescence emer-
U. sprengelii Kamieński (10) gent, carnivore. Ht 0.05–0.12 m. Alt 2–1000 m.
U. sprengelii Kamieński var. acuticeras Kamieński (10) N, B, KZN
U. strumosa Sol. ex Stapf as syn. (10)
inflexa Forssk. var. inflexa P.Taylor = U. inflexa
Annual. Herb, terrestrial, or lithophyte, carnivore. Ht
0.02–0.18 m. Alt ± 5–2450 m. N, LIM, G, M, inflexa Forssk. var. stellaris (L.f.) P.Taylor in part = U.
KZN, L, NC, WC, EC stellaris
brachyceras Schltr. = U. bisquamata kirkii Stapf = U. arenaria
capensis Spreng. = U. bisquamata lehmannii Benj. = U. bisquamata
capensis Spreng. var. brevicalcarata Oliv. = U. bisqua- livida E.Mey.
mata U. dregei Kamieński (5)
U. dregei Kamieński var. stricta Kamieński (5)
capensis Spreng. var. elatior Kamieński = U. bisqua- U. elevata Kamieński (5)
mata U. elevata Kamieński var. macowanii Kamieński (5)
cymbantha Oliv. U. engleri Kamieński (5)
U. humilis Phillips (5)
Annual. Herb, suspended aquatic, inflorescence emer- U. livida E.Mey. var. engleri (Kamieński) Stapf (5)
gent, carnivore. Ht 0.01–0.02 m. Alt ± 900–± U. livida E.Mey. var. micrantha Kamieński (5)
1800 m. B, LIM?, M U. livida E.Mey. var. pauciflora Kamieński (5)
LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia DICOTYLEDONS

U. longecalcarata Benj. (5) spiralis Sm. var. tortilis (Welw. ex Oliv.) P.Taylor = U.
U. sanguinea Oliv. (5) tortilis
U. sanguinea Oliv. var. minor Kamieński (5)
U. transrugosa Stapf (5) sprengelii Kamieński = U. bisquamata
U. tribracteata in sense of Kamieński (1902) in part; Stapf (1904) sprengelii Kamieński var. acuticeras Kamieński = U.
among others, not of Hochst. ex A.Rich. (5)
bisquamata
Annual or perennial. Herb, terrestrial, carnivore. Ht
0.02–0.47 m. Alt 8–± 2450 m. LIM, NW, G, M, stellaris in sense of Wager (1928), not of L.f. = U. aus-
S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC tralis
stellaris L.f.
livida E.Mey. var. engleri (Kamieński) Stapf = U. livida U. foliosa in sense of Kamieński (1902) in part; Stapf (1904) in part,
livida E.Mey. var. micrantha Kamieński = U. livida not of L. (10)
U. inflexa Forssk. var. stellaris (L.f.) P.Taylor in part (10)
livida E.Mey. var. pauciflora Kamieński = U. livida U. stellaris L.f. var. breviscapa Kamieński (10)
longecalcarata Benj. = U. livida U. stellaris L.f. var. dilatata Kamieński (10)
U. stellaris L.f. var. filiformis Kamieński (10)
monophylla Dinter = U. arenaria Perennial, occ. annual? Herb, suspended aquatic, in-
prehensilis E.Mey. florescence emergent, carnivore. Ht 0.03–0.3 m.
U. prehensilis E.Mey. var. hians (A.DC.) Kamieński (10) Alt 1–1675 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS,
Perennial? Herb, terrestrial, carnivore. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. KZN, L, EC
Alt 0–2200 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC stellaris L.f. var. breviscapa Kamieński = U. stellaris
prehensilis E.Mey. var. hians (A.DC.) Kamieński = U. stellaris L.f. var. dilatata Kamieński = U. stellaris
prehensilis
stellaris L.f. var. filiformis Kamieński = U. stellaris
reflexa Oliv. strumosa Sol. ex Stapf as syn. = U. bisquamata
U. diploglossa Welw. ex Oliv. (10)
U. grandivesiculosa Czech (10) subulata L.
U. reflexa Oliv. var. reflexa P.Taylor in part (10) U. subulata L. var. inaequalis in sense of Kamieński (1902), not of
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, suspended aquatic, in- A.DC. (10)
florescence emergent, carnivore. Ht 0.05–0.12 Annual. Herb, terrestrial, helophyte/tenagophyte/hyper-
m. Alt 4–± 915 m. N, B, LIM, KZN hydate, carnivore. Ht 0.02–0.05 m. Alt 1–± 1500
m. N, B, LIM, G, M, KZN, EC
reflexa Oliv. var. reflexa P.Taylor in part = U. reflexa
subulata L. var. inaequalis in sense of Kamieński (1902),
rehmannii Kamieński = U. bisquamata not of A.DC. = U. subulata
sandersonii Oliv. tortilis Welw. ex Oliv.
U. sandersonii Oliv. var. treubii (Kamieński) Kamieński (10) U. spiralis Sm. var. tortilis (Welw. ex Oliv.) P.Taylor (5)
U. treubii Kamieński (5)
Annual. Herb, terrestrial, carnivore. Ht 0.05–0.4 m.
Perennial. Herb, terrestrial and lithophyte, carnivore. Alt ± 900 m. N, B
Ht 0.02–0.07 m. Alt ± 20–± 1200 m. KZN, EC
transrugosa Stapf = U. livida
sandersonii Oliv. var. treubii (Kamieński) Kamieński =
treubii Kamieński = U. sandersonii
U. sandersonii
tribracteata in sense of Kamieński (1902) in part; Stapf
sanguinea Oliv. = U. livida (1904) in part, among others, not of Hochst. ex
sanguinea Oliv. var. minor Kamieński = U. livida A.Rich. = U. livida
scandens Benj. vulgaris in sense of P.Taylor (1964) in part, not of L. =
U. gibbsiae Stapf (5) U. australis
Annual? Herb, terrestrial, helophyte/tenagophyte, car- welwitschii Oliv.
nivore. Ht 0.02–0.09 m. Alt ± 900 m. B, M Perennial? Herb, terrestrial, carnivore. Ht 0.05–0.3 m.
schinzii Kamieński = U. bisquamata Alt ± 1219–1690 m. LIM, NW, G
LINACEAE
HUGONIA L. 3947000 swynnertonii De Wild. = H. orientalis

(1) Robson. 1963. FZ 2: 91–96.
(2) Robson & Gonçalves. 1969. Flora de Moçambique 29: 4–7. LINUM L. 3945000
(3) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique (1) Robson. 1963. FZ 2: 96–99.
tropicale 1: 198, 199. (1) Rogers. 1981. Nordic Journal of Botany 1: 711–722.
busseana Engl. = H. orientalis tropicale 1: 199.
orientalis Engl. acuticarpum C.M.Rogers
H. busseana Engl. (2)
H. swynnertonii De Wild. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt up to 1000 m. WC
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2.5–4 m. Alt up to 490 m. adustum E.Mey. ex Planch.
LIM Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.5 m. Alt? WC
DICOTYLEDONS LENTIBULARIACEAE Utricularia

aethiopicum Thunb. heterostylum C.M.Rogers

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.91 m. Alt Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt up to 350 m. WC
5–765 m. WC, EC pungens Planch.
africanum L. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.7 m. Alt up to 700 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.53 m. Alt 21–1524 m. WC, quadrifolium L.
EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt 155–700 m. WC,
brevistylum C.M.Rogers EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt up to 61 m. WC thesioides Bartl.
comptonii C.M.Rogers Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 30–1405 m. WC,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt? WC EC
esterhuyseniae C.M.Rogers thunbergii Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt up to Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 2–2440 m. LIM,
1450 m. WC, EC NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC
gracile Planch. villosum C.M.Rogers
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.65 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.5 m. Alt up to 800 m. WC
LOASACEAE
KISSENIA R.Br. ex Endl. 5388000 capensis Endl.

(1) Codd. 1976. FSA 22: 134–136. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.52 m. Alt 350–1400
(2) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique m. N, NC
tropicale 1: 149.
LOBELIACEAE
Compiled by P.B. Phillipson & E.B. Knox
CYPHIA P.J.Bergius 8681000 Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 10–675 m. EC

(1) Phillips. 1917. Annals of the South African Museum 9: 449–474. bechuanensis Bremek. & Oberm. = C. stenopetala
(2) Wimmer. 1968. Das Pflanzenreich 108: 935–1014.
(3) Thulin. 1978. Botaniska Notiser 131: 455–471. belfastica E.Wimm.
(4) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 388, 389. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt ± 1600 m. M
(5) Phillipson 2003. http://www.mobot.org/phillipson/campan/cyphn1.htm bolusii E.Phillips
alba N.E.Br. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 750–1700 m. M,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 1400–2100 m. M, S, KZN
KZN bulbosa (L.) P.J.Bergius var. bulbosa
alicedalensis E.Wimm. C. kerastes E.Wimm. (4, 5)
Lobelia bulbosa L. (1)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt ± 700 m. EC
angustifolia [C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 60–900 bulbosa (L.) P.J.Bergius var. acocksii E.Wimm.
C. stephensii E.Wimm. (4, 5)
m. EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 325–1400 m. WC
angustiloba [C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh. bulbosa (L.) P.J.Bergius var. hafstroemii E.Wimm.
C. volubilis (Burm.f.) Willd. var. longipes E.Wimm. (5)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 300–600 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 100–850 m. WC
aspergilloides E.Wimm. var. aspergilloides bulbosa (L.) P.J.Bergius var. leiandra E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 1800–2100 m. KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ± 1300 m. WC
aspergilloides E.Wimm. var. brevipes E.Wimm. bulbosa (L.) P.J.Bergius var. orientalis E.Phillips = C.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 600–1800 m. FS, linarioides
KZN campestris C.Presl var. campestris
assimilis Sond. Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ± 150 m. WC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 600–1400 campestris C.Presl var. nudiuscula E.Wimm.
m. EC Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ± 660 m. WC, EC
assimilis Sond. var. latifolia E.Phillips = C. phillipsii cardamines (Thunb.) Willd. = C. incisa var. cardamines
basiloba E.Wimm. comptonii Bond
LINACEAE Linum DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.16 m. Alt 340–460 m. WC C. elata Harv. forma truncata E.Wimm. (5)
corylifolia Harv. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 15–800 m. KZN
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt ± 1800 m. KZN elata Harv. var. globularis E.Wimm.
C. elata Harv. forma latifolia E.Wimm. (5)
crenata (Thunb.) C.Presl var. angustifolia E.Wimm. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 600–1600 m. M,
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 1000 KZN
m. NC
elata Harv. var. oblongifolia (Sond. & Harv.) E.Phillips
crenata (Thunb.) C.Presl var. crenata = C. oblongifolia
C. crenata (Thunb.) C.Presl var. smithiae (L.Bolus) E.Wimm. (2)
Lobelia crenata Thunb. (2) galpinii E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 10–120 m. NC, WC Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 500–700
crenata (Thunb.) C.Presl var. smithiae (L.Bolus) E.Wimm. m. EC
= C. crenata var. crenata georgica E.Wimm.
deltoidea E.Wimm. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 200 m. WC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt ±1300 m. M, KZN gerrardii Harv. = C. elata var. gerrardii
dentariifolia C.Presl var. dentariifolia glabra E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 160–420 m. WC Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt up to 1550 m. LIM
dentariifolia C.Presl var. luttigii E.Wimm. heterophylla [C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt ± 700 m. WC Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 0–150 m.
dentariifolia C.Presl var. psilandra E.Wimm. WC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt? WC incisa (Thunb.) Willd. var. bracteata E.Phillips
dentata E.Wimm. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 100–850 m. WC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 480–1000 m. WC incisa (Thunb.) Willd. var. cardamines (Thunb.)
digitata (Thunb.) Willd. subsp. digitata E.Phillips
C. digitata (Thunb.) Willd. var. tomentosa (C.Presl in E.Mey.) Sond. C. cardamines (Thunb.) Willd. (1)
(5) Lobelia cardamines Thunb. (1)
C. digitata (Thunb.) Willd. var. trimera E.Wimm. (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 30–915 m. WC
Lobelia digitata Thunb. (2)
incisa (Thunb.) Willd. var. incisa
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 100–1000 m. WC Lobelia incisa Thunb. (1)
digitata (Thunb.) Willd. subsp. gracilis E.Wimm. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 120 m. WC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt ± 630 m. incisa (Thunb.) Willd. var. lyrata E.Wimm.
WC, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 100–300 m. WC
digitata (Thunb.) Willd. var. tomentosa (C.Presl in E.Mey.) incisa (Thunb.) Willd. var. sinuata E.Wimm
Sond. = C. digitata subsp. digitata Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC
digitata (Thunb.) Willd. var. trimera E.Wimm. = C. digi- kerastes E.Wimm. = C. bulbosa var. bulbosa
tata subsp. digitata
latipetala [C.Presl in] Eckl. & Zeyh.
eckloniana [C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh. C. volubilis (Burm.f.) Willd. var. latipetala ([C.Presl ex] Eckl. &
C. zeyheriana [C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh. var. eckloniana ([C.Presl Zeyh.) E.Wimm. (5)
ex] Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. (5)
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt ± 200 m.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 300–1220 m. WC
WC
elata Harv. forma decurrens E.Wimm. = C. elata var.
linarioides [C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh..
gerrardii C. bulbosa (L.) P.J.Bergius var. orientalis E.Phillips (5)
elata Harv. forma depauperata E.Wimm. = C. revoluta C. undulata Eckl. var. linarioides ([C.Presl ex] Eckl. &. Zeyh.)
E.Wimm. (2)
elata Harv. forma flanagana E.Wimm. = C. revoluta Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 30–800 m. WC, EC
elata Harv. forma latifolia E.Wimm. = C. elata var. linarioides [C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh., in sense of E.Phil-
globularis lips in part = C. persicifolia
elata Harv. forma thodeana E.Wimm. = C. elata var. longiflora Schltr.
gerrardii Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 600–1030 m.
elata Harv. forma truncata E.Wimm. C. elata var. NC, WC
glabra longifolia N.E.Br.
elata Harv. var. elata C. longifolia N.E.Br. var. baurii E.Phillips (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.22–1 m. Alt 1500–2440 m. M, S, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 600–2075 m. KZN,
FS, KZN EC
elata Harv. var. gerrardii (Harv.) E.Wimm. longifolia N.E.Br. var. baurii E.Phillips = C. longifolia
C. elata Harv. forma decurrens E.Wimm. (5)
C. elata Harv. forma thodeana E.Wimm. (5)
longilobata E.Phillips
C. gerrardii Harv. (2) Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt? WC
C. wilmsiana Diels (2) longipedicellata E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.8–2.13 m. Alt 300–2000 m. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt? WC
LIM, M, S, KZN
longipetala C.Presl
elata Harv. var. glabra Harv. C. volubilis (Burm.f.) Willd. var. intermedia E.Wimm. (5)
DICOTYLEDONS LOBELIACEAE Cyphia

Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 400–680 m. WC Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt ± 2042 m. B,
maculosa E.Phillips LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt up to 400 m. EC stenopetala Diels var. johannesburgensis E.Wimm. = C.
natalensis E.Phillips stenopetala
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 850– stenophylla E.Wimm.
2100 m. KZN, EC Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 1300–2500 m. M, FS,
oblongifolia Sond. & Harv. KZN
C. elata Harv. var. oblongifolia (Sond. & Harv.) E.Phillips (2) stephensii E.Wimm. = C. bulbosa var. acocksii
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.55 m. Alt 1250–2700 m. M, subtubulata E.Wimm.
S, KZN Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 160–300
oligotricha Schltr. m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 80–150 m. WC sylvatica Eckl. var. graminea E.Wimm.
pectinata E.Wimm. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt up to 1600 m. KZN
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–0.9 m. Alt 760–1370 m. S sylvatica Eckl. var. salicifolia ([C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh.)
persicifolia C.Presl in E.Mey. E.Wimm.
C. linarioides ([C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh.), in sense of E.Phillips in C. salicifolia C.Presl (2)
part (2) Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 90–1900
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 900 m. EC m. WC, EC
phillipsii E.Wimm. sylvatica Eckl. var. sylvatica
C. assimilis Sond. var. latifolia E.Phillips (2)
m. KZN, WC, EC
phyteuma (L.) Willd. var. ciliata E.Wimm.
tenera Diels
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt ± 200 m. WC
phyteuma (L.) Willd. var. grandidentata E.Wimm.
tortilis N.E.Br.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 100–750
phyteuma (L.) Willd. var. phyteuma m. WC, EC
Lobelia phyteuma L. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 80–460 m. WC transvaalensis E.Phillips
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 975–1600 m. LIM
psilostemon E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 120–660 m. WC tricuspis E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt? WC
ramosa E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 1350–2300 m. FS, triphylla E.Phillips
KZN, L Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.25–0.7 m. Alt 100–
2165 m. FS, L, EC
ranunculifolia E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 900– tysonii E.Phillips
1000 m. WC Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt 1500–
1700 m. KZN, EC
revoluta E.Wimm.
C. elata Harv. forma depauperata E.Wimm. (5) undulata Eckl.
C. elata Harv. forma flanagana E.Wimm. (5) Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt 30–70 m. EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 300–1500 m. KZN, undulata Eckl. var. linarioides ([C.Presl ex] Eckl. &.
EC Zeyh.) E.Wimm. = C. linarioides
rogersii S.Moore subsp. rogersii volubilis (Burm.f.) Willd. var. banksiana E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt ± 1800 m. Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 500–1300 m. WC
LIM, G, M, S
volubilis (Burm.f.) Willd. var. intermedia E.Wimm. = C.
rogersii S.Moore subsp. winteri E.Wimm.
longipetala
m. KZN, EC volubilis (Burm.f.) Willd. var. latipetala ([C.Presl ex]
salicifolia C.Presl = C. sylvatica var. salicifolia Eckl. & Zeyh.) E.Wimm. = C. latipetala
salteri E.Wimm. volubilis (Burm.f.) Willd. var. longipes E.Wimm. = C.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 900–2179 m. angustiloba
WC volubilis (Burm.f.) Willd. var. volubilis
Lobelia volubilis Burm.f. (2)
schlechteri E.Phillips
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 120–235 m. NC, WC
WC
smutsii E.Wimm.
wilmsiana Diels = C. elata var. gerrardi
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 1600–1900 m. M
zeyheriana [C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh.
stenodonta E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht? Alt 150–350 m. WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 1200 m. G
zeyheriana [C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh. var. eckloniana
stenopetala Diels
C. bechuanensis Bremek. & Oberm. (3) ([C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. = C. eckloni-
C. stenopetala Diels var. johannesburgensis E.Wimm. (3) ana
LOBELIACEAE Cyphia DICOTYLEDONS

DOBROWSKYA C.Presl 8695010 radicans Schönland = Lobelia zwartkopensis

laevicaulis C.Presl = Monopsis unidentata subsp. lae- secunda (L.f.) Kuntze = Wimmerella secunda
vicaulis LOBELIA L. 8694000
scabra (Thunb.) A.DC. = Monopsis scabra (1) Wimmer. 1953. Das Pflanzenreich 107: 408–695, 775–783.
serratifolia A.DC. = Monopsis simplex (2) Wimmer. 1968. Das Pflanzenreich 108: 855–889.
(3) Thulin. 1983. FZ 7,1: 118–145.
stellarioides C.Presl = Monopsis stellarioides subsp. (4) Thulin. 1983. Nordic Journal of Botany 3: 371–382.
stellarioides (5) Phillipson. 1986. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 93:
329–341.
tenella (Thunb.) Sond. = Monopsis unidentata subsp. (6) Phillipson. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 390, 391.
unidentata (7) Phillipson & Knox. 2003. http://www.mobot.org/phillipson/campan/
loben1.htm
DORTMANNIA Steud. 8694010 acutangula (C.Presl) A.DC. = L. flaccida subsp. flaccida
decurrentifolia Kuntze = Lobelia decurrentifolia alata Labill. var. alata = L. anceps
vanreenensis Kuntze = Lobelia vanreenensis alata Labill. var. minor (Sond.) E.Wimm. = L. anceps
GRAMMATOTHECA C.Presl 8696000 alata Labill. var. ottoniana (C.Presl) E.Wimm. = L. anceps
(1) Wimmer. 1953. Das Pflanzenreich 107: 695–698. alata Labill. var. rudatisii (Schltr.) E.Wimm. = L. anceps
bergiana (Cham.) C.Presl var. bergiana anceps L.f.
G. erinoides (Thunb.) Sond. (1) L. alata Labill. var. alata (7)
Lobelia bergiana Cham. (1) L. alata Labill. var. minor (Sond.) E.Wimm. (7)
L. alata Labill. var. ottoniana (C.Presl) E.Wimm. (7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 150–1450 m. L. alata Labill. var. rudatisii (Schltr.) E.Wimm. (7)
KZN, WC L. repens Thunb. (3)
bergiana (Cham.) C.Presl var. eckloniana (C.Presl) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.45 m. Alt 2–1500 m. KZN,
E.Wimm. WC, EC
G. eckloniana C.Presl (1)
angolensis Engl. & Diels
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ± 400 m. WC L. depressa L.f. var. dregeana (Sond.) E.Wimm. (3)
bergiana (Cham.) C.Presl var. foliosa E.Wimm. L. depressa L.f. var. seineri (Schltr.) E.Wimm. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ± 100 m. KZN L. depressa of authors, not of L.f. var. depressa (3, 5)
L. minutidentata Engl. & Gilg (3)
bergiana (Cham.) C.Presl var. pedunculata E.Wimm. Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 20–
Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt ± 25 m. WC 2500 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L,
eckloniana C.Presl = G. bergiana var. eckloniana NC, WC, EC
erinoides (Thunb.) Sond. = G. bergiana var. bergiana aquaemontis E.Wimm.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt ± 1800 m. LIM
ISOLOBUS A.DC. 8694020 aquatica E.Phillips = L. galpinii
corymbosus A.DC. var. sparsiflorus Sond. = Lobelia ardisiandroides Schltr.
jasionoides var. sparsiflora Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 900–1220 m. WC,
jasionoides A.DC. = Lobelia jasionoides var. jasio- EC
noides
barkerae E.Wimm.
LAURENTIA Michx. ex Adans. 8699000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 400–600 m. WC
arabidea (C.Presl) A.DC. = Wimmerella arabidea bergiana Cham. = Grammatotheca bergiana var. bergiana
bicolor Sims = L. erinus
bifida (Thunb.) Sond. = Wimmerella bifida
bifida Thunb. = Wimmerella bifida
frontidentata E.Wimm. = Wimmerella frontidentata
boivinii Sond.
giftbergensis (E.Phillips) E.Wimm. = Wimmerella bifida Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt ± 260 m. WC
hederacea Sond. = Wimmerella hederacea bulbosa L. = Cyphia bulbosa var. bulbosa
hedyotidea Schltr. var. hedyotidea = Wimmerella hedy- caerulea Hook. var. caerulea = L. tomentosa
otidea caerulea Hook. var. macularis (C.Presl) E.Wimm. = L.
hedyotidea Schltr. var. major E.Wimm. = Wimmerella tomentosa
hedyotidea capensis E.Wimm. = L. limosa
longiflora Schltr. = Wimmerella longitubus capillifolia (C.Presl) A.DC.
longitubus E.Wimm. = Wimmerella longitubus Rapuntium capillifolium C.Presl (1)
mariae E.Wimm. = Wimmerella mariae 1770 m. WC
pygmaea (Thunb.) Sond. var. glabra Sond. = Wim- capillipes Schltr. = L. pinifolia
merella pygmaea
cardamines Thunb. = Cyphia incisa var. cardamines
pygmaea (Thunb.) Sond. var. obtusiloba Sond. = Wim-
merella pygmaea chamaedryfolia (C.Presl) A.DC.
Rapuntium chamaedryfolium C.Presl (1)
pygmaea (Thunb.) Sond. var. pygmaea = Wimmerella Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 350–1525 m.
pygmaea KZN, EC
DICOTYLEDONS LOBELIACEAE Dobrowskya

chamaepitys Lam. var. ceratophylla (C.Presl) E.Wimm. depressa L.f. = Monopsis debilis var. depressa
Rapuntium ceratophyllum C.Presl (1)
depressa L.f. var. dregeana (Sond.) E.Wimm. = L. ango-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 45–
lensis
460 m. WC
depressa L.f. var. seineri (Schltr.) E.Wimm. = L. ango-
chamaepitys Lam. var. chamaepitys
lensis
1540 m. WC depressa of authors, not of L.f. var. depressa = L. ango-
lensis
cheiranthus L. = Manulea cheiranthus
depressa of authors, not of L.f. var. depressa = L. limosa
cinerea Thunb. = Wahlenbergia albicaulis
dichroma Schltr.
cochlearifolia Diels
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt ± 900 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt 600–1065 m. KZN
WC
coddii Compton = Monopsis malvacea
digitata Thunb. = Cyphia digitata subsp. digitata
comosa L. var. comosa
disperma E.Wimm. = Unigenes humifusa
m. WC dodiana E.Wimm. var. dodiana = L. quadrisepala
comosa L. var. foliosa E.Wimm. dodiana E.Wimm. var. radicans (Schönland) E.Wimm.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± 60 = L. zwartkopensis
m. WC dregeana (C.Presl) A.DC.
L. galpinii Schltr. var. dentosa E.Wimm. (7)
comosa L. var. microdon (C.Presl) E.Wimm. L. omphalodoides Schltr. (1)
Rapuntium microdon C.Presl (1) Rapuntium dregeanum C.Presl (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt 180–2560 m. N,
155 m. WC NW, G, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
comosa L. var. secundata (Sond.) E.Wimm.
L. triquetra L. var. secundata Sond. (1)
eckloniana (C.Presl) A.DC.
Rapuntium ecklonianum C.Presl (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ± Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 400–1200 m. WC
100 m. WC
erinus L.
comptonii E.Wimm. L. bicolor Sims (7)
L. esterhuyseniae E.Wimm. (7) L. erinus L. var. bellidifolia (Thunb.) Sond. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt 650–800 m. WC L. erinus L. var. grandiflora Paxton (7)
corniculata Thulin L. erinus L. var. schrankii (Sweet) E.Wimm. (7)
L. erinus L. var. subvillosa E.Wimm. (7)
Perennial. Herb, scrambler. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 120–305 L. filiformis Lam. var. filiformis in sense of E.Wimm., misapplied
m. S, KZN name (3)
coronopifolia L. L. filiformis Lam. var. natalensis (A.DC.) E.Wimm. (3)
L. krookii Zahlbr. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 5– L. lavendulacea Klotzsch (3)
1000 m. WC L. lydenburgensis E.Wimm. (3)
coronopifolia L. var. caerulea (Sims) Sond. = L. tomen- L. montaguensis E.Wimm. (6)
L. nuda Hemsl. (3)
tosa L. oranjensis E.Wimm. (7)
coronopifolia L. var. macularis (C.Presl) Sond. = L. tomen- L. parvisepala E.Wimm. (7)
tosa L. rosulata S.Moore (3)
L. senegalensis A.DC. var. senegalensis (3)
crenata Thunb. = Cyphia crenata var. crenata L. transvaalensis Schltr. (3)
L. tysonii E.Phillips (1)
cuneifolia Link & Otto var. ananda E.Wimm. L. wildii E.Wimm. (3)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt? NW Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.85 m. Alt 2–
cuneifolia Link & Otto var. cuneifolia 2500 m. N, B, LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 5–500 m. WC, EC erinus L. var. bellidifolia (Thunb.) Sond. = L. erinus
cuneifolia Link & Otto var. hirsuta (C.Presl) E.Wimm.
L. pilosa Schltr. (1) erinus L. var. grandiflora Paxton = L. erinus
L. sylvatica Fourc. (1) erinus L. var. schrankii (Sweet) E.Wimm. = L. erinus
Rapuntium ovatum C.Presl var. hirsutum C.Presl (1)
erinus L. var. subvillosa E.Wimm. = L. erinus
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt ± 1600 m. LIM,
WC esterhuyseniae E.Wimm. = L. comptonii
cyphioides Harv. eurypoda E.Wimm. var. eurypoda E.Wimm.
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.8 m. Alt ± 1675 m. LIM,
M, S, KZN
dasyphylla E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 760–1060 m. WC eurypoda E.Wimm. var. fissurarum E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt ± 2000 m. WC
decipiens Sond. = Monopsis decipiens
decurrentifolia (Kuntze) K.Schum. filiformis Lam. var. filiformis in sense of E.Wimm., mis-
Dortmannia decurrentifolia Kuntze (1) applied name = L. erinus
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt ± 100 m. EC filiformis Lam. var. krebsiana (A.DC.) E.Wimm. = L.
delicatula Compton = L. trullifolia subsp. delicatula flaccida subsp. flaccida
LOBELIACEAE Lobelia DICOTYLEDONS

filiformis Lam. var. natalensis (A.DC.) E.Wimm. = L. lasiantha (C.Presl) A.DC. = L. linearis
erinus laurentioides Schltr.
filipes E.Wimm. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.1 m. Alt 800–1600 m. WC
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt ± 1400 m. N lavendulacea Klotzsch = L. erinus
flaccida (C.Presl) A.DC. subsp. flaccida laxa MacOwan
L. acutangula (C.Presl) A.DC. (7)
L. filiformis Lam. var. krebsiana (A.DC.) E.Wimm. (3) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 1200–1800 m. FS,
L. flaccida (C.Presl) A.DC. var. hirsuta (C.Presl) E.Wimm. (7) KZN, L, EC
L. flaccida (C.Presl) A.DC. var. scabripes (C.Presl) E.Wimm. (7) leptocarpa Griess. = L. thermalis
L. flaccida (C.Presl) A.DC. var. stricta (Zahlbr.) E.Wimm. (7)
L. linarioides (C.Presl) A.DC. (7) limosa (Adamson) E.Wimm.
L. oreas E.Wimm. (7) L. capensis E.Wimm. (6)
L. pentheri E.Wimm. (7) L. depressa of authors, not of L.f. var. depressa (6)
L. reinekeana E.Wimm. (7) Mezleria limosa Adamson (2)
L. sutherlandii E.Wimm. (7) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt ± 100 m. WC
L. wilmsiana Diels (7)
Rapuntium acutangulum C.Presl (1) linarioides (C.Presl) A.DC. = L. flaccida subsp. flaccida
Rapuntium flaccidum C.Presl (3) linearis Thunb.
Rapuntium linarioides C.Presl (7) L. lasiantha (C.Presl) A.DC. (7)
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 15–2500 L. linearis Thunb. var. gloveri Schltr. (7)
m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, L. linearis Thunb. var. pinnata Schltr. (7)
L. spartioides (C.Presl) D.Dietr. (7)
EC
flaccida (C.Presl) A.DC. subsp. mossiana (R.D.Good) 2000 m. WC, EC
Thulin
L. mossiana R.D.Good (3) linearis Thunb. var. gloveri Schltr. = L. linearis
L. senegalensis A.DC. var. subaspera E.Wimm. (3) linearis Thunb. var. pinnata Schltr. = L. linearis
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.22–0.45 m. Alt 6–
lobata E.Wimm.
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.3 m. Alt ± 1800
flaccida (C.Presl) A.DC. var. hirsuta (C.Presl) E.Wimm. m. LIM
= L. flaccida subsp. flaccida
lutea L. = Monopsis lutea
flaccida (C.Presl) A.DC. var. scabripes (C.Presl) E.Wimm.
lydenburgensis E.Wimm. = L. erinus
malowensis E.Wimm.
flaccida (C.Presl) A.DC. var. stricta (Zahlbr.) E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–2 m. Alt 30–1525 m. LIM,
M, S, KZN, EC
galpinii Schltr.
L. aquatica E.Phillips (1) minutidentata Engl. & Gilg = L. angolensis
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.015 m. Alt up to 3230 m. L, montaguensis E.Wimm. = L. erinus
EC mossiana R.D.Good = L. flaccida subsp. mossiana
galpinii Schltr. var. dentosa E.Wimm. = L. dregeana mundtiana Cham. = L. thermalis
genistoides (C.Presl) A.DC. = L. patula muscoides Cham.
giftbergensis E.Phillips = Wimmerella bifida Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 800–1500 m. WC
glaucoleuca Schltr. = L. setacea neglecta Roem. & Schult.
L. hirsuta L.f. (1)
goetzei Diels
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 5–1000 m. WC,
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt ± 1400
EC
m. LIM
goodii E.Wimm. = L. jasionoides var. jasionoides nuda Hemsl. = L. erinus
hereroensis Schinz nugax E.Wimm.
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt ± 1150 m. N Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 1500 m. WC
hirsuta L.f. = L. neglecta omphalodoides Schltr. = L. dregeana
hypsibata E.Wimm. oranjensis E.Wimm. = L. erinus
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ± 450 m. WC oreas E.Wimm. = L. flaccida subsp. flaccida
incisa Thunb. = Cyphia incisa var. incisa parvifolia P.J.Bergius = Wahlenbergia parvifolia
isotomoides E.Wimm. = L. stenosiphon parvisepala E.Wimm. = L. erinus
jasionoides (A.DC.) E.Wimm. var. jasionoides patula L.f.
Isolobus jasionoides A.DC. (1) L. genistoides (C.Presl) A.DC. (2, 7)
L. goodii E.Wimm. (1) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 275–1220
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300–1550 m. WC m. WC, EC
jasionoides (A.DC.) E.Wimm. var. sparsiflora (Sond.) patula L.f. var. pteropoda (C.Presl) Sond. = L. pteropoda
E.Wimm.
Isolobus corymbosus A.DC. var. sparsiflorus Sond. (1) pentheri E.Wimm. = L. flaccida subsp. flaccida
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 600 m. WC phyteuma L. = Cyphia phyteuma
krookii Zahlbr. = L. erinus pilosa Schltr. = L. cuneifolia var. hirsuta
DICOTYLEDONS LOBELIACEAE Lobelia

pinifolia L. thermalis Thunb. var. pungens E.Wimm. = L. thermalis

L. capillipes Schltr. (7)
tomentosa L.f.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 15–1200 m. L. caerulea Hook. var. caerulea (7)
WC L. caerulea Hook. var. macularis (C.Presl) E.Wimm. (7)
L. coronopifolia L. var. caerulea (Sims) Sond. (7)
pinifolia L. var. laricina E.Wimm. = L. tomentosa L. coronopifolia L. var. macularis (C.Presl) Sond. (7)
preslii A.DC. L. pinifolia L. var. laricina E.Wimm. (7)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.6 m. Alt 1800–2990 m. FS, Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 15–
KZN, L, EC 2000 m. KZN, WC, EC
pteropoda (C.Presl) A.DC. transvaalensis Schltr. = L. erinus
L. patula L.f. var. pteropoda (C.Presl) Sond. (1) triquetra L. var. secundata Sond. = L. comosa var. secun-
Rapuntium pteropodum C.Presl (1)
data
EC trullifolia Hemsl. subsp. delicatula (Compton) Thulin
L. delicatula Compton (4)
pubescens Dryand. ex Aiton var. holopsida E.Wimm. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt ± 1465 m. M, S
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt ± 50 m. tysonii E.Phillips = L. erinus
WC
unidentata Aiton = Monopsis unidentata subsp. uni-
pubescens Dryand. ex Aiton var. incisa (Presl) Sond. dentata
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt? WC valida L.Bolus
pubescens Dryand. ex Aiton var. jacquiniana Sond. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 18–
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt? WC 120 m. WC
pubescens Dryand. ex Aiton var. pubescens vanreenensis (Kuntze) K.Schum.
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt ± 400 Dortmannia vanreenensis Kuntze (1)
m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 750–2500 m. M,
pubescens Dryand. ex Aiton var. rotundifolia E.Wimm. FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt ± 300 variifolia Sims = Monopsis variifolia
m. WC volubilis Burm.f. = Cyphia volubilis var. volubilis
pygmaea Thunb. = Laurentia pygmaea wildii E.Wimm. = L. erinus
quadrisepala (R.D.Good) E.Wimm. wilmsiana Diels = L. flaccida subsp. flaccida
L. dodiana E.Wimm. var. dodiana (7) zeyheri Sond. = Monopsis zeyheri
Mezleria quadrisepala R.D.Good (2)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt ± 640 m. WC zwartkopensis E.Wimm.
Laurentia radicans Schönland (7)
reinekeana E.Wimm. = L. flaccida subsp. flaccida L. dodiana E.Wimm. var. radicans (Schönland) E.Wimm. (7)
Mezleria filicaulis Sond. (1)
repens Thunb. = L. anceps
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.1 m. Alt up to 370 m. EC
rosulata S.Moore = L. erinus
scabra Thunb. = Monopsis scabra MEZLERIA C.Presl 8694030
secunda L.f. = Wimmerella secunda filicaulis Sond. = Lobelia zwartkopensis
senegalensis A.DC. var. senegalensis = L. erinus limosa Adamson = Lobelia limosa
senegalensis A.DC. var. subaspera E.Wimm. = L. flaccida quadrisepala R.D.Good = Lobelia quadrisepala
subsp. mossiana stenosiphon Adamson = Lobelia stenosiphon
setacea Thunb. var. dissectifolia E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 10–100 m. WC MONOPSIS Salisb. 8695000
setacea Thunb. var. setacea (1) Wimmer. 1953. Das Pflanzenreich 107: 698–713, 783, 784.
L. glaucoleuca Schltr. (7) (2) Thulin. 1979. Botaniska Notiser 132: 131–137.
(3) Phillipson. 1986. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 93: 329–341.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.6 m. Alt 10– (4) Phillipson. 1989. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 99: 255–272.
1100 m. WC (5) Phillipson. 2003. http://www.mobot.org/phillipson/campan/monon1.htm
simplex L. = Monopsis simplex acrodon E.Wimm.
spartioides (C.Presl) D.Dietr. = L. linearis M. acrodon E.Wimm. var. herois E.Wimm. (5)
stenosiphon (Adamson) E.Wimm.
L. isotomoides E.Wimm. (2) acrodon E.Wimm. var. herois E.Wimm. = M. acrodon
Mezleria stenosiphon Adamson (2) alba Phillipson
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 500–1800 m. WC Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 600–2000 m. WC, EC
sutherlandii E.Wimm. = L. flaccida subsp. flaccida arenaria E.Wimm. = M. flava
sylvatica Fourc. = L. cuneifolia var. hirsuta aspera (Spreng.) Urb. = M. simplex
thermalis Thunb. belliflora E.Wimm.
L. leptocarpa Griess. (3) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 5–300 m. KZN
L. mundtiana Cham. (3)
L. thermalis Thunb. var. pungens E.Wimm. (7) conspicua Salisb. = M. debilis var. debilis
Perennial. Creeping herb. Ht 0.01–0.1 m. Alt 360– debilis (L.f.) C.Presl var. conspicua (Salisb.) E.Wimm.
1920 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, FS, NC, WC, EC = M. debilis var. debilis
LOBELIACEAE Lobelia DICOTYLEDONS

debilis (L.f.) C.Presl var. debilis stellarioides (C.Presl) Urb. subsp. stellarioides
M. conspicua Salisb. (3) Dobrowskya stellarioides C.Presl (1)
M. debilis (L.f.) C.Presl var. conspicua (Salisb.) E.Wimm. (3) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.6 m. Alt 30–3000 m. LIM,
M. simplex (L.) E.Wimm. var. conspicua (Salisb.) E.Wimm. (3) M, S, KZN, EC
stricta (C.Presl) E.Wimm. = M. unidentata subsp. uni-
debilis (L.f.) C.Presl var. depressa (L.f.) Phillipson
Lobelia depressa L.f. (3) dentata
M. inconspicua Salisb. (3) unidentata (Dryand.) E.Wimm. subsp. intermedia Phil-
M. monantha E.Wimm. (3)
M. simplex (L.) E.Wimm. var. simplex in sense of E.Wimm., misap-
lipson
M. scabra (Thunb.) Urb. var. glabrata (Sond.) Schönland (4)
plied name (3)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 0–1500 m. WC Perennial. Creeping or erect herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt
0–1200 m. EC
debilis (L.f.) C.Presl var. gracilis (C.Presl) Phillipson
Lobelia campanulata Lam. (3) unidentata (Dryand.) E.Wimm. subsp. laevicaulis
M. campanulata (Lam.) Sond. (3) (C.Presl) Phillipson
M. conspicua Salisb. var. gracilis C.Presl (3) Dobrowskya laevicaulis C.Presl (1)
M. gracilis (C.Presl) A.DC. (3) M. laevicaulis (C.Presl) E.Wimm. (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 500–1500 m. NC, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.75 m. Alt 50–800 m. KZN,
WC EC
decipiens (Sond.) Thulin unidentata (Dryand.) E.Wimm. subsp. unidentata
Lobelia decipiens Sond. (2) Dobrowskya tenella (Thunb.) Sond. (1)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.6 m. Alt 50–2225 m. LIM, Lobelia unidentata Aiton (1)
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC M. stricta (C.Presl) E.Wimm. (4)
Perennial. Creeping or erect herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt
flava ([C.Presl ex] Eckl. & Zeyh.) E.Wimm.
M. arenaria E.Wimm. (5) 0–400 m. WC, EC
Rapuntium flavum Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) variifolia (Sims) Urb.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 900–1065 m. Lobelia variifolia Sims (1)
WC Parastranthus variifolius (Sims) G.Don (1)
inconspicua Salisb. = M. debilis var. depressa
WC
kowynensis E.Wimm.
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 1520–2290 m. M zeyheri (Sond.) M.Thulin
Lobelia zeyheri Sond. (2)
laevicaulis (C.Presl) E.Wimm. = M. unidentata subsp. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? N, NW
laevicaulis
lutea (L.) Urb. PARASTRANTHUS G.Don 8695020
Lobelia lutea L. (1)
M. lutea (L.) Urb. var. ericoides (C.Presl) Urb. (5) variifolius (Sims) G.Don = Monopsis variifolia
M. lutea (L.) Urb. var. euphrasioides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Urb. (5)
M. lutea (L.) Urb. var. subcoerulea Zahlbr. (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.3 m. Alt 5–1100 m. WC RAPUNTIUM Mill. 8694050
lutea (L.) Urb. var. ericoides (C.Presl) Urb. = M. lutea acutangulum C.Presl = Lobelia flaccida subsp. flaccida
lutea (L.) Urb. var. euphrasioides (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Urb. arabideum C.Presl = Wimmerella arabidea
= M. lutea
capillifolium C.Presl = Lobelia capillifolia
lutea (L.) Urb. var. subcoerulea Zahlbr. = M. lutea
ceratophyllum C.Presl = Lobelia chamaepitys var. cer-
malvacea E.Wimm. atophylla
Lobelia coddii Compton (5)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 1100–1390 m. S chamaedryfolium C.Presl = Lobelia chamaedryfolia
monantha E.Wimm. = M. debilis var. depressa dregeanum C.Presl = Lobelia dregeana
scabra (Thunb.) Urb. ecklonianum C.Presl = Lobelia eckloniana
Dobrowskya scabra (Thunb.) A.DC. (1)
Lobelia scabra Thunb. (1) flaccidum C.Presl = Lobelia flaccida subsp. flaccida
M. scabra (Thunb.) Urb. var. subhispida E.Wimm. (4) flavum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Monopsis flava
Perennial. Creeping or erect herb. Ht 0.05–0.4 m. Alt linarioides C.Presl = Lobelia flaccida subsp. flaccida
0–1800 m. EC
microdon C.Presl = Lobelia comosa var. microdon
scabra (Thunb.) Urb. var. glabrata (Sond.) Schönland =
M. unidentata subsp. intermedia ovatum C.Presl var. hirsutum C.Presl = Lobelia cunei-
folia var. hirsuta
scabra (Thunb.) Urb. var. subhispida E.Wimm. = M. scabra
simplex (L.) E.Wimm. pteropodum C.Presl = Lobelia pteropoda
Dobrowskya serratifolia A.DC. (1)
Lobelia simplex L. (1) UNIGENES E.Wimm. 8693000
M. aspera (Spreng.) Urb. (3)
(1) Phillipson. 2002. http://www.ru.ac.za/academic/departments/
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 0–600 m. WC, EC botany/phillipson/lobelia.htm
simplex (L.) E.Wimm. var. conspicua (Salisb.) humifusa A.DC.
E.Wimm. = M. debilis var. debilis Lobelia disperma E.Wimm. (1)
simplex (L.) E.Wimm. var. simplex in sense of E.Wimm., Annual. Prostrate herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 1000
misapplied name = M. debilis var. depressa m. WC
DICOTYLEDONS LOBELIACEAE Monopsis

WIMMERELLA L.Serra, 8699010 Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 500–2000 m. WC,

M.B.Crespo & Lammers EC
(1) Serra et al. 1999. Novon 9,3: 414–418. hedyotidea (Schltr.) L.Serra, M.B.Crespo & Lammers
(2) Phillipson. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 401, 402. Laurentia hedyotidea Schltr. var. hedyotidea (2)
Laurentia hedyotidea Schltr. var. major E.Wimm. (2)
arabidea (C.Presl) L.Serra, M.B.Crespo & Lammers Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1000–2000 m. WC
Laurentia arabidea (C.Presl) A.DC. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 195–1390 m. KZN, longitubus (E.Wimm.) L.Serra, M.B.Crespo & Lammers
Laurentia longiflora Schltr. (2)
WC, EC Laurentia longitubus E.Wimm. (1)
bifida (Thunb.) L.Serra, M.B.Crespo & Lammers Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt ± 750 m. WC
Laurentia bifida (Thunb.) Sond. (1)
Laurentia giftbergensis (E.Phillips) E.Wimm. (2)
mariae (E.Wimm.) L.Serra, M.B.Crespo & Lammers
Laurentia mariae E.Wimm. (1)
Lobelia bifida Thunb. (2)
Lobelia giftbergensis E.Phillips (2) Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.02 m. Alt ± 1800 m. WC
W. giftbergensis (E.Phillips) L.Serra, M.B.Crespo & Lammers (2) pygmaea (Thunb.) L.Serra, M.B.Crespo & Lammers
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 300–600 m. WC Laurentia pygmaea (Thunb.) Sond. var. glabra Sond. (2)
Laurentia pygmaea (Thunb.) Sond. var. obtusiloba Sond. (2)
frontidentata (E.Wimm.) L.Serra, M.B.Crespo & Lammers Laurentia pygmaea (Thunb.) Sond. var. pygmaea (1)
Laurentia frontidentata E.Wimm. (1)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 1000–1600 m. WC Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 400–2000 m. WC,
EC
giftbergensis (E.Phillips) L.Serra, M.B.Crespo & Lammers
secunda (L.f.) L.Serra, M.B.Crespo & Lammers
= W. bifida Laurentia secunda (L.f.) Kuntze (1)
hederacea (Sond.) L.Serra, M.B.Crespo & Lammers Lobelia secunda L.f. (1)
Laurentia hederacea Sond. (2) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 15–120 m. WC
LORANTHACEAE
Compiled by G. Germishuizen
ACRANTHEMUM Tiegh. 2074120 Tapinanthus gracilis Tölken & Wiens (2)

Tapinanthus minor (Sprague) Danser, illegitimate name (2)
natalitium (Meisn.) Tiegh. = Agelanthus natalitius subsp. Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht 0.05–1 m. Alt 30–1150
natalitius m. M, S, KZN
zeyheri (Harv.) Tiegh. = Agelanthus natalitius subsp. kraussianus (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens
zeyheri Loranthus kraussianus Meisn. (2)
Tapinanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Tiegh. subsp. kraussianus (2)
ACROSTACHYS (Benth. & 2074130 Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht 0.8–2 m. Alt 6–1275 m.
Hook.f.) Tiegh. KZN, EC
sandersonii Tiegh. = Helixanthera woodii lugardii (N.E.Br.) Polhill & Wiens
Loranthus breyeri Bremek. (2)
ACTINANTHELLA Balle 2074080 Loranthus lugardii N.E.Br. (2)
Loranthus lugardii N.E.Br. var. hirtellus Weim. (2)
(1) Wiens & Tölken. 1979. FSA 10: 34.
Tapinanthus lugardii (N.E.Br.) Danser (2)
(2) Polhill & Wiens. 1998. Mistletoes of Africa: 99, 100.
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 120–1220 m.
wyliei (Sprague) Wiens B, LIM, NW, G, M, KZN
Loranthus wyliei Sprague (1)
Tapinanthus wyliei (Sprague) Danser (1) natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. natalitius
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt up to 365 m. Acranthemum natalitium (Meisn.) Tiegh. (2)
Loranthus moorei Sprague (2)
KZN Loranthus natalitius Meisn. (2)
Tapinanthus moorei (Sprague) Danser (2)
AGELANTHUS Tiegh. 2074180 Tapinanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Danser subsp. natalitius (2)
(1) Germishuizen et al. 1994. Flowering Plants of Africa 53: 20–24. Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 245–1280
(2) Polhill & Wiens. 1998. Mistletoes of Africa: 137–182. m. KZN, EC
crassifolius (Wiens) Polhill & Wiens natalitius (Meisn.) Polhill & Wiens subsp. zeyheri (Harv.)
Tapinanthus crassifolius Wiens (2)
Polhill & Wiens
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt ± 441 m. LIM Acranthemum zeyheri (Harv.) Tiegh. (2)
discolor (Schinz) Balle Loranthus zeyheri Harv. (2)
Loranthus bosciae Engl. & K.Krause (2) Loranthus zeyheri Harv. var. minor Harv. (2)
Loranthus discolor Schinz (2) Tapinanthus minor (Harv.) Danser (2)
Loranthus juttae Dinter (2) Tapinanthus natalitius (Meisn.) Danser subsp. zeyheri (Harv.)
Tapinanthus discolor (Schinz) Danser (2) Wiens (2)
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht 0.5–0.7 m. Alt? N Tapinanthus zeyheri (Harv.) Danser (2)
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht 0.3–1.5 m. Alt 30–1625
gracilis (Tölken & Wiens) Polhill & Wiens m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
Loranthus minor Sprague, excl. basionym (2)
Loranthus natalitius Meisn. var. minor (Harv.) J.M.Wood (2) prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Polhill & Wiens
LOBELIACEAE Wimmerella DICOTYLEDONS

Loranthus kraussianus Meisn. var. puberulus Sprague (2) Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht 0.5–0.6 m. Alt 20–1200
Loranthus prunifolius E.Mey. ex Harv. (2) m. KZN
Tapinanthus prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. (2)
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt ?–700 m. LICHTENSTEINIA J.C.Wendl. 2074150
KZN, EC
pungu (De Wild.) Polhill & Wiens oleifolia J.C.Wendl. = Tapinanthus oleifolius
Loranthus carsonii Baker & Sprague (2)
Loranthus ceciliae N.E.Br. (2) LORANTHUS Jacq. 2074000
Loranthus pungu De Wild. (2) acaciaedetinentis Dinter = Plicosepalus kalachariensis
Tapinanthus carsonii (Baker & Sprague) Danser (2)
Tapinanthus ceciliae (N.E.Br.) Danser (2) bolusii Sprague = Oncocalyx bolusii
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 610–765 m. bosciae Engl. & K.Krause = Agelanthus discolor
LIM, M breyeri Bremek. = Agelanthus lugardii
sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Polhill & Wiens burchellii (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh. = Moquiniella rubra
Loranthus sambesiacus Engl. & Schinz (2)
Tapinanthus sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Danser (2) canescens Burch. = Septulina glauca
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt up to 550 carsonii Baker & Sprague = Agelanthus pungu
m. LIM
ceciliae N.E.Br. = Agelanthus pungu
terminaliae (Engl. & Gilg) Polhill & Wiens
Loranthus terminaliae Engl. & Gilg (2) cinereus Engl. = Phragmanthera cinerea
Tapinanthus terminaliae (Engl. & Gilg.) Danser (2) cistoides Welw. ex Engl. = Phragmanthera glaucocarpa
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt? N
cistoides Welw. ex Engl. var. longiflora Schinz = Phrag-
transvaalensis (Sprague) Polhill & Wiens manthera glaucocarpa
Loranthus kraussianus Meisn. var. transvaalensis Sprague (2)
Tapinanthus kraussianus (Meisn.) Tiegh. subsp. transvaalensis (Sprague) dinteri Schinz = Plicosepalus kalachariensis
Wiens (2) discolor Schinz = Agelanthus discolor
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt 60–840 m.
LIM, M, S, KZN dombeyae K.Krause & Dinter = Phragmanthera dom-
beyae
DENDROPHTHOË Mart. 2074140 dregei Eckl. & Zeyh. = Erianthemum dregei
elegans (Cham. & Schltdl.) Mart. = Moquiniella rubra dregei Eckl. & Zeyh. forma obtusifolia Engl. = Erian-
themum dregei
glauca (Thunb.) Mart. = Septulina glauca
dregei Eckl. & Zeyh. forma subcuneifolia Engl. = Erian-
ERIANTHEMUM Tiegh. 2074060 themum dregei
(1) Wiens & Tölken. 1979. FSA 10: 29–31. elegans Cham. & Schltdl. = Moquiniella rubra
(2) Germishuizen et al. 1994. Flowering Plants of Africa 53: 16–19. elegantissimus Schinz = Oncocalyx welwitschii
(3) Polhill & Wiens. 1998. Mistletoes of Africa: 234–245.
englerianus K.Krause & Dinter = Oncocalyx welwitschii
dregei (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Tiegh.
Loranthus dregei Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) fleckii Schinz = Plicosepalus undulatus
Loranthus dregei Eckl. & Zeyh. forma obtusifolia Engl. (1)
Loranthus dregei Eckl. & Zeyh. forma subcuneifolia Engl. (1)
fulvus Engl., not of Korth., illegitimate name = Phrag-
Loranthus oblongifolius E.Mey. ex Drège, naked name (1) manthera dombeyae
Loranthus roseus Klotzsch (3) galpinii Schinz ex Sprague = Pedistylis galpinii
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt 5–1525 m.
garcianus Engl. = Helixanthera garciana
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
glabriflorus Conrath = Tapinanthus rubromarginatus
ngamicum (Sprague) Danser
Loranthus ngamicus Sprague (1) glaucocarpus Peyr. = Phragmanthera glaucocarpa
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 30–1500 m. glaucus Thunb. = Septulina glauca
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC
glaucus Thunb. var. burchellii DC. = Moquiniella rubra
HELIXANTHERA Lour. 2074100 guerichii Engl. = Phragmanthera guerichii
(1) Wiens & Tölken. 1979. FSA 10: 37–39. juttae Dinter = Agelanthus discolor
(2) Polhill & Wiens. 1998. Mistletoes of Africa: 79–86.
kalachariensis Schinz = Plicosepalus kalachariensis
garciana (Engl.) Danser
H. messinensis (N.E.Br.) Danser (1) karibibensis Engl. = Oncocalyx welwitschii
Loranthus garcianus Engl. (1) kraussianus Meisn. = Agelanthus kraussianus
Loranthus messinensis N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Shrub, parasite, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt kraussianus Meisn. var. puberulus Sprague = Agelan-
450–1300 m. LIM thus prunifolius
messinensis (N.E.Br.) Danser = H. garciana kraussianus Meisn. var. transvaalensis Sprague = Agelan-
thus transvaalensis
subcylindrica (Sprague) Danser = H. woodii
longitubulosus Engl. & K.Krause = Septulina glauca
woodii (Schltr. & K.Krause) Danser
Acrostachys sandersonii Tiegh. (1) lugardii N.E.Br. = Agelanthus lugardii
H. subcylindrica (Sprague) Danser (2) lugardii N.E.Br. var. hirtellus Weim. = Agelanthus lugardii
Loranthus sandersonii Harv. ex Benth. & Hook.f. (1)
Loranthus woodii Schltr. & K.Krause (1) messinensis N.E.Br. = Helixanthera garciana
DICOTYLEDONS LORANTHACEAE Agelanthus

meyeri C.Presl = Tapinanthus oleifolius MOQUINIELLA Balle 2074030

meyeri C.Presl var. inachabensis Engl. = Tapinanthus (1) Wiens & Tölken. 1979. FSA 10: 25–27.
oleifolius (2) Germishuizen & Scott. 1994. Flowering Plants of Africa 53: 10–14.
(3) Polhill & Wiens. 1998. Mistletoes of Africa: 207, 208.
minor Sprague, excl. basionym = Agelanthus gracilis
rubra (A.Spreng.) Balle
mollissimus Engl. = Tapinanthus mollissimus Dendrophthoë elegans (Cham. & Schltdl.) Mart. (3)
moorei Sprague = Agelanthus natalitius subsp. natalitius Loranthus burchellii (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh. (3)
Loranthus elegans Cham. & Schltdl. (1)
namaquensis Harv. = Tapinanthus oleifolius Loranthus glaucus Thunb. var. burchellii DC. (1)
Loranthus oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. elegans
namaquensis Harv. var. ligustrifolius Engl. = Tapinan- (Cham. & Schltdl.) Harv. (1)
thus oleifolius Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt 20–1465
natalitius Meisn. = Agelanthus natalitius subsp. natali- m. N, NC, WC, EC
tius
natalitius Meisn. var. minor (Harv.) J.M.Wood = Agelan- ODONTELLA Tiegh. 2074040
thus gracilis welwitschii (Engl.) Balle = Oncocalyx welwitschii
ngamicus Sprague = Erianthemum ngamicum
OLIVERELLA Tiegh. 2074260
oblongifolius E.Mey. ex Drège, naked name = Erianthe- (1) Polhill & Wiens. 1998. Mistletoes of Africa: 114–117.
mum dregei rubroviridis Tiegh.
oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Cham. & Schltdl. = Tapinanthus Loranthus rubroviridis Oliv. (1)
oleifolius Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt? B
oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. elegans ONCOCALYX Tiegh. 2074240
(Cham. & Schltdl.) Harv. = Moquiniella rubra (1) Polhill & Wiens. 1998. Mistletoes of Africa: 101–111.
oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. forbesii bolusii (Sprague) Wiens & Polhill
Sprague = Tapinanthus forbesii Loranthus bolusii Sprague (1)
Loranthus rogersii Sprague ex Burtt Davy (1)
oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. leendertzi- Tapinanthus bolusii (Sprague) Danser (1)
ae Sprague = Tapinanthus quequensis Tieghemia bolusii (Sprague) Wiens (1)
oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. luteus Neusser Tieghemia rogersii (Sprague ex Burtt Davy) Wiens (1)
= Tapinanthus oleifolius Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 5–460 m.
LIM
otaviensis Engl. & K.Krause, as ‘otavensis’ = Phragman-
thera glaucocarpa quinquenervius (Hochst.) Wiens & Polhill
Loranthus quinquenervius Hochst. (1)
ovalis E.Mey. ex Harv. = Septulina ovalis Tapinanthus quinquenervius (Hochst.) Danser (1)
prunifolius E.Mey. ex Harv. = Agelanthus prunifolius Tieghemia quinquenervius (Hochst.) Balle, as ‘quinquenervis’ (1)
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 10–610 m.
pungu De Wild. = Agelanthus pungu KZN, EC
quequensis Weim. = Tapinanthus quequensis welwitschii (Engl.) Polhill & Wiens
quinquenervius Hochst. = Oncocalyx quinquenervius Loranthus elegantissimus Schinz (1)
Loranthus englerianus K.Krause & Dinter (1)
remotus Baker & Sprague = Vanwykia remota Loranthus karibibensis Engl. (1)
rogersii Sprague ex Burtt Davy = Oncocalyx bolusii Loranthus welwitschii Engl. (1)
Odontella welwitschii (Engl.) Balle (1)
roseus Klotzsch = Erianthemum dregei Tapinanthus elegantissimus (Schinz) Danser (1)
rubromarginatus Engl. = Tapinanthus rubromarginatus Tapinanthus englerianus (K.Krause & Dinter) Danser (1)
Tapinanthus welwitschii (Engl.) Danser (1)
rubroviridis Oliv. = Oliverella rubroviridis Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 320–2000 m. N
sambesiacus Engl. & Schinz = Agelanthus sambesiacus
sandersonii Harv. ex Benth. & Hook.f. = Helixanthera PEDISTYLIS Wiens 2074070
woodii (1) Wiens & Tölken. 1979. FSA 10: 32, 33.
(2) Germishuizen et al. 1994. Flowering Plants of Africa 53: 6–9.
speciosus F.Dietr. = Tapinanthus oleifolius
galpinii (Schinz ex Sprague) Wiens
splendens N.E.Br. = Plicosepalus kalachariensis Loranthus galpinii Schinz ex Sprague (1)
terminaliae Engl. & Gilg = Agelanthus terminaliae Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 2.5 m. Alt 155–610 m.
LIM, M, S
undulatus E.Mey. ex Harv. = Plicosepalus undulatus
undulatus E.Mey. ex Harv. var. angustior Sprague = PHRAGMANTHERA Tiegh. 2074160
Plicosepalus undulatus (1) Polhill & Wiens. 1998. Mistletoes of Africa: 246–273.
welwitschii Engl. = Oncocalyx welwitschii cinerea (Engl.) Balle
Loranthus cinereus Engl. (1)
woodii Schltr. & K.Krause = Helixanthera woodii Tapinanthus cinereus (Engl.) Danser (1)
wyliei Sprague = Actinanthella wyliei Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt? N
zeyheri Harv. = Agelanthus natalitius subsp. zeyheri cistoides (Welw. ex Engl.) Tiegh. = P. glaucocarpa
dombeyae (K.Krause & Dinter) Polhill & Wiens
zeyheri Harv. var. minor Harv. = Agelanthus natalitius Loranthus dombeyae K.Krause & Dinter (1)
subsp. zeyheri Loranthus fulvus Engl., not of Korth., illegitimate name (1)
LORANTHACEAE Loranthus DICOTYLEDONS

P. fulva Tiegh. (1) (4) Wiens & Tölken. 1979. FSA 10: 3–23.
Tapinanthus dombeyae (K.Krause & Dinter) Danser (1) (5) Germishuizen et al. 1994. Flowering Plants of Africa 53: t. 20–24.
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1.2 m. Alt? N (6) Polhill & Wiens. 1998. Mistletoes of Africa: 183–206.
fulva Tiegh. = P. dombeyae bolusii (Sprague) Danser = Oncocalyx bolusii
glaucocarpa (Peyr.) Balle carsonii (Baker & Sprague) Danser = Agelanthus pungu
Loranthus cistoides Welw. ex Engl. (1)
Loranthus cistoides Welw. ex Engl. var. longiflora Schinz (1)
ceciliae (N.E.Br.) Danser = Agelanthus pungu
Loranthus glaucocarpus Peyr. (1) cinereus (Engl.) Danser = Phragmanthera cinerea
Loranthus otaviensis Engl. & K.Krause, as ‘otavensis’ (1)
P. cistoides (Welw. ex Engl.) Tiegh. (1) cistoides (Welw. ex Engl.) Danser = Phragmanthera
Tapinanthus cistoides (Welw. ex Engl.) Danser (1) glaucocarpa
Tapinanthus glaucocarpus (Peyr.) Danser (1) crassifolius Wiens = Agelanthus crassifolius
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt? N
discolor (Schinz) Danser = Agelanthus discolor
guerichii (Engl.) Balle
Loranthus guerichii Engl. (1) dombeyae (K.Krause & Dinter) Danser = Phragman-
Tapinanthus guerichii (Engl.) Danser (1) thera dombeyae
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt? N elegantissimus (Schinz) Danser = Oncocalyx welwitschii
PLICOSEPALUS Tiegh. 2074090 englerianus (K.Krause & Dinter) Danser = Oncocalyx
(1) Wiens & Tölken. 1979. FSA 10: 34–37.
welwitschii
(2) Lebrun & Stork. 1992. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique forbesii (Sprague) Wiens
tropicale 2: 172. Loranthus oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. forbesii
(3) Polhill & Wiens. 1998. Mistletoes of Africa: 87–95. Sprague (4)
acaciaedetinentis (Dinter) Danser = P. kalachariensis Perennial, shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 300–640 m.
amplexicaulis Wiens LIM, M, S
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt? M, S, KZN glaucocarpus (Peyr.) Danser = Phragmanthera glauco-
curviflorus in sense of Balle, misapplied name = P. carpa
kalachariensis gracilis Tölken & Wiens = Agelanthus gracilis
kalachariensis (Schinz) Danser guerichii (Engl.) Danser = Phragmanthera guerichii
Loranthus acaciaedetinentis Dinter (1)
Loranthus dinteri Schinz (1) kraussianus (Meisn.) Tiegh. subsp. kraussianus = Agelan-
Loranthus kalachariensis Schinz (1) thus kraussianus
Loranthus splendens N.E.Br. (1)
P. acaciaedetinentis (Dinter) Danser (1)
kraussianus (Meisn.) Tiegh. subsp. transvaalensis (Sprague)
P. curviflorus in sense of Balle, misapplied name (1) Wiens = Agelanthus transvaalensis
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht 0.3–2.5 m. Alt 50–1740 leendertziae (Sprague) Wiens = T. quequensis
m. N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN lugardii (N.E.Br.) Danser = Agelanthus lugardii
undulatus (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. minor (Harv.) Danser = Agelanthus natalitius subsp.
Loranthus fleckii Schinz (1)
Loranthus undulatus E.Mey. ex Harv. (1) zeyheri
Loranthus undulatus E.Mey. ex Harv. var. angustior Sprague (1) minor (Sprague.) Danser, illegitimate name = Agelan-
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1 m. Alt up to 1950 m. thus gracilis
N, NC mollissimus (Engl.) Danser
Loranthus mollissimus Engl. (4)
SEPTULINA Tiegh. 2074110 Perennial, shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt? N
(1) Wiens & Tölken. 1979. FSA 10: 39–41.
(2) Polhill & Wiens. 1998. Mistletoes of Africa: 223, 224. moorei (Sprague) Danser = Agelanthus natalitius subsp.
natalitius
glauca (Thunb.) Tiegh.
Dendrophthoë glauca (Thunb.) Mart. (1) namaquensis (Harv.) Tiegh. = T. oleifolius
Loranthus canescens Burch. (1) natalitius (Meisn.) Danser subsp. natalitius = Agelan-
Loranthus glaucus Thunb. (1) thus natalitius subsp. natalitius
Loranthus longitubulosus Engl. & K.Krause (1)
Perennial, shrub, parasite. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 5–1550 natalitius (Meisn.) Danser subsp. zeyheri (Harv.) Wiens
m. N, NC, WC = Agelanthus natalitius subsp. zeyheri
glauca (Thunb.) Tiegh. var. ovalis (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Balle oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Danser
Lichtensteinia oleifolia J.C.Wendl. (4)
= S. ovalis Loranthus meyeri C.Presl (4)
ovalis (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. Loranthus meyeri C.Presl var. inachabensis Engl. (4)
Loranthus ovalis E.Mey. ex Harv. (1) Loranthus namaquensis Harv. (4)
S. glauca (Thunb.) Tiegh. var. ovalis (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Balle (1) Loranthus namaquensis Harv. var. ligustrifolius Engl. (4)
Taxillus ovalis (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Danser (1) Loranthus oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Cham. & Schltdl. (4)
Loranthus oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. luteus
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 2 m. Alt 50–610 m. N, Neusser (4)
NC Loranthus speciosus F.Dietr. (4)
T. namaquensis (Harv.) Tiegh. (4)
TAPINANTHUS (Blume) Rchb. 2074010 Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 70–1950 m.
(1) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: t .336. N, B, LIM, NW, FS, NC
(3) Danser. 1933. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van prunifolius (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Tiegh. = Agelanthus pruni-
Wetenschappen te Amsterdam. Sect. 2, 29,6: 1–128. folius
DICOTYLEDONS LORANTHACEAE Phragmanthera

quequensis (Weim.) Polhill & Wiens zeyheri (Harv.) Danser = Agelanthus natalitius subsp.
Loranthus oleifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Cham. & Schltdl. var. leendertzi- zeyheri
ae Sprague (4)
Loranthus quequensis Weim. (6)
T. leendertziae (Sprague) Wiens (6) TAXILLUS Tiegh. 2074170
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 365– ovalis (E.Mey. ex Harv.) Danser = Septulina ovalis
1525 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS
quinquenervius (Hochst.) Danser = Oncocalyx quinque- TIEGHEMIA Balle 2074020
nervius
bolusii (Sprague) Wiens = Oncocalyx bolusii
rubromarginatus (Engl.) Danser
Loranthus glabriflorus Conrath (6) quinquenervius (Hochst.) Balle, as ‘quinquenervis’ =
Loranthus rubromarginatus Engl. (4) Oncocalyx quinquenervius
Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht 0.02–1.5 m. Alt 303– rogersii (Sprague ex Burtt Davy) Wiens = Oncocalyx
1800 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN bolusii
sambesiacus (Engl. & Schinz) Danser = Agelanthus sam-
besiacus VANWYKIA Wiens 2074050
(1) Wiens & Tölken. 1979. FSA 10: 28,29.
terminaliae (Engl. & Gilg) Danser = Agelanthus ter- (2) Germishuizen et al. 1994. Flowering Plants of Africa 53: 2–5.
minaliae
remota (Baker & Sprague) Wiens
welwitschii (Engl.) Danser = Oncocalyx welwitschii Loranthus remotus Baker & Sprague (1)
wyliei (Sprague) Danser = Actinanthella wyliei Perennial. Shrub, parasite. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt? LIM
LYTHRACEAE
AMMANNIA L. 5474000 transvaalica N.E.Br.

(1) Sonder. 1850. Linnaea 23: 40, 41. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.21–6 m. Alt 30–1310 m.
(2) Hiern. 1871. FTA 2: 476–481. LIM, G, M, S, KZN
(3) Fernandes. 1978. FZ 4: 305–309.
(4) Immelman. 1991. Bothalia 21: 40, 41. *HEIMIA Link 5487000
(1) Chamisso & Von Schlechtendal. 1827. Linnaea 2: 346–348.
(2) Koehne. 1903. Das Pflanzenreich. 17: 241.
anagalloides Sond. = Nesaea anagalloides
myrtifolia Cham. & Schltdl.
aspera Guill. & Perr. = Nesaea aspera Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.61–1 m. Alt ± 650 m. KZN, EC
auriculata Willd. var. auriculata
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.45 m. Alt 305–940 m. N, B, M *LYTHRUM L. 5476000
baccifera L. subsp. baccifera (1) Lagasca. 1816. Genera et species plantarum: 1–35.
A. wormskioldii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. (4) (2) Sonder. 1894. FC 2: 514–517.
A. wormskioldii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. alata Koehne (4) (3) Webb. 1968. Flora europaea 2: 300–302.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.45 m. Alt 800–1240 m. N, B, (4) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
tropicale 1: 111.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, EC (5) Randall & Marinelli. 1996. Invasive plants: weeds of the global
crassicaulis Guill. & Perr. = Nesaea crassicaulis garden: 81.
passerinoides Hiern = Nesaea passerinoides hyssopifolia L.
prieuriana Guill. & Perr. Perennial. Hydrophyte, herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt
A. pusilla Sond. (4) 28–300 m. NW, WC, EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.22–1 m. Alt 45–1280 m. B, LIM, rigidulum Sond. = Nesaea rigidula
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN
pusilla Sond. = A. prieuriana salicaria L.
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1 m. Alt? WC
sarcophylla Hiern = Nesaea sarcophylla
senegalensis Lam. ex Poir. NESAEA Kunth 5486000
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.55 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, M, S, (1) Koehne. 1882. Botanische Jahrbücher 3: 321–339.
KZN (2) Koehne. 1895. Botanische Jahrbücher 22: 149–152.
(3) Koehne. 1903. Das Pflanzenreich 17: 221–241.
wormskioldii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. = A. baccifera subsp. (4) Fernandes. 1978. FZ 4: 281–305.
baccifera (5) Fernandes. 1980. Garcia de Orta 4: 189–192.
wormskioldii Fisch. & C.A.Mey. var. alata Koehne = A. (6) Fernandes. 1980. Flora de Moçambique 73: 7–36.
baccifera subsp. baccifera (7) Immelman. 1991. Bothalia 21: 35–49.
GALPINIA N.E.Br. 5480000
(1) Ross. 1970. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1591. alata Immelman
(2) Fernandes. 1978. FZ 4: 279, 280. Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.45 m. Alt ± 500 m. LIM, S
LORANTHACEAE Tapinanthus DICOTYLEDONS

anagalloides (Sond.) Koehne rivularis (J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans) Koehne = N.

Ammannia anagalloides Sond. (1) schinzii
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt ± 1465 m. LIM, NW,
sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. ericiformis Koehne
G, FS, NC
forma ericiformis
angustifolia A.Fern. & Diniz (not FSA) Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.91 m. Alt ± 1167
N. angustifolia Immelman, misapplied name (7) m. KZN, EC
angustifolia Immelman, misapplied name = N. angusti- sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. ericiformis Koehne
folia forma swaziensis Immelman
aspera (Guill. & Perr.) Koehne Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.91 m. Alt 833–
Ammannia aspera Guill. & Perr. (7) 1167 m. M, S
sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. glabrescens Koehne =
cordata Hiern N. sagittifolia var. sagittifolia
sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. sagittifolia
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN N. sagittifolia (Sond.) Koehne var. glabrescens Koehne (7)
crassicaulis (Guill. & Perr.) Koehne Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.91 m. Alt 365–
Ammannia crassicaulis Guill. & Perr. (7) 2000 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
Annual. Hydrophyte, herb. Ht 0.1–2 m. Alt 2–1005 m.
N, B, LIM, KZN saluta Immelman
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt? N
cymosa Immelman
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt? N, NC sarcophylla (Hiern) Koehne
Ammannia sarcophylla Hiern (7)
dinteri Koehne subsp. dinteri Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt? N
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? N schinzii Koehne
dinteri Koehne subsp. elata A.Fern. N. kuntzei Koehne (7)
N. transvaalica A.Fern. (7) N. rivularis (J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans) Koehne (7)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.13–0.65 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, M, S N. schinzii Koehne var. fleckii Koehne (7)
N. schinzii Koehne var. rehmannii Koehne (7)
drummondii A.Fern. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.35 m. Alt 155–
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt ± 1372 m. N, B, LIM, 1735 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L
NW
schinzii Koehne var. fleckii Koehne = N. schinzii
floribunda Sond. = N. radicans var. floribunda
schinzii Koehne var. rehmannii Koehne = N. schinzii
heptamera Hiern
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt ± 610 m. LIM, M, S schlechteri A.Fern.
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt ± 780 m. N, LIM
kuntzei Koehne = N. schinzii
teixeirae A.Fern.
luederitzii Koehne var. hereroensis Koehne Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.45 m. Alt? N
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.65 m. Alt? N
tolypobotrys Koehne
luederitzii Koehne var. luederitzii Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.6 m. Alt 2–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.55 m. Alt ± 2000 m. N 140 m. M, KZN, EC
minima Immelman
transvaalica A.Fern. = N. dinteri subsp. elata
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.02 m. Alt? B
wardii Immelman
ondongana Koehne subsp. ondongana var. evansiana
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt? KZN
(A.Fern. & Diniz) A.Fern.
Annual. Hydrophyte, herb. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt? N, B, S woodii Koehne
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt? KZN
ondongana Koehne subsp. ondongana var. ondongana
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 896–1050 m. N, B zambatidis Immelman
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt? LIM, M, S
passerinoides (Hiern) Koehne
Ammannia passerinoides Hiern (7)
ROTALA L. 5473000
(1) Hiern. 1871. FTA 2: 466–469.
m. B, M (2) Cook. 1979. Boissiera 29: 7–155.
radicans Guill. & Perr. var. floribunda (Sond.) A.Fern. (3) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
N. floribunda Sond. (7) tropicale 1: 112, 113.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.75 m. Alt 30–1000 m. B, capensis (Harv.) A.Fern. & Diniz
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Annual. Hydrophyte, herb. Ht 0.02–0.15 m. Alt
radicans Guill. & Perr. var. radicans 1800–2179 m. LIM, M, FS, KZN, L
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.75 m. Alt? B dinteri Koehne
rautanenii Koehne Annual, occ. perennial. Hydrophyte, herb. Ht 0.05–
Annual. Hydrophyte, herb. Ht 0.035–0.04 m. Alt? N 0.16 m. Alt ?–1500 m. N
rigidula (Sond.) Koehne filiformis (Bellardi) Hiern
Lythrum rigidulum Sond. (7) R. heterophylla Welw. ex A.Fern. & Diniz (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 945–1220 m. N, Annual, occ. perennial. Hydrophyte, herb. Ht 0.05–
B, LIM, NW, G 0.12 m. Alt ?–1500 m. B, LIM, G, M
DICOTYLEDONS LYTHRACEAE Nesaea

fluitans Pohnert Annual, occ. perennial. Hydrophyte, herb. Ht up to 2

R. tetragonocalyx A.Fern. & Diniz (2) m. Alt 940–1524 m. N, B
Annual, occ. perennial. Hydrophyte, herb. Ht 0.03–0.7 submersa Pohnert = R. tenella
m. Alt ?–1030 m. N, B
tenella (Guill. & Perr.) Hiern
heterophylla Welw. ex A.Fern. & Diniz = R. filiformis R. submersa Pohnert (2)
mexicana Cham. & Schltdl. Annual, occ. perennial. Hydrophyte, herb. Ht 0.03–0.4
Annual. Hydrophyte, herb. Ht? Alt? N, G m. Alt 610–1220 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, KZN
myriophylloides Welw. ex Hiern tetragonocalyx A.Fern. & Diniz = R. fluitans
MAESACEAE
BAEOBOTRYS Forst. 6283010 Baeobotrys lanceolata (Forssk.) Vahl (3)

M. angolensis Gilg (1, 3)
lanceolata (Forssk.) Vahl = Maesa lanceolata M. lanceolata Forssk. var. mildbraedii (Gilg & Schellenb.) Lebrun (4)
M. lanceolata Forssk. var. rufescens (A.DC.) Taton (4)
MAESA Forssk. 6283000 M. palustris Hochst. (1)
M. rufescens A.DC. (1, 3, 4)
(1) Dyer. 1963. FSA 26: 2, 3.
(2) Taton. 1980. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–10 m. Alt. 1–1400 m.
50: 211–218. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
(3) Kupicha. 1983. FZ 7,1: 198–201.
(4) Halliday. 1984. FTEA Myrsinaceae: 2–5.
lanceolata Forssk. var. mildbraedii (Gilg & Schellenb.)
(5) Anderberg et al. 2000. Taxon 49: 183–187. Lebrun = M. lanceolata
alnifolia Harv. lanceolata Forssk. var. rufescens (A.DC.) Taton = M.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 1.5 m. Alt 1– 890 m. KZN, EC lanceolata
angolensis Gilg = M. lanceolata palustris Hochst. = M. lanceolata
lanceolata Forssk. rufescens A.DC. = M. lanceolata
MALPIGHIACEAE
ACRIDOCARPUS Guill. & Perr. 4220000 pruriens A.Juss. var. laevigatus Sond. = Sphedamno-
(1) Launert. 1963. FZ 2: 109–113. carpus pruriens subsp. galphimiifolius
(2) Immelman. 1986. FSA 18,3: 69–71. reticulatus Burtt Davy = A. natalitius var. natalitius
angolensis A.Juss. = Sphedamnocarpus pruriens subsp.
pruriens SPHEDAMNOCARPUS Planch. 4219000
galphimiifolius A.Juss. = Sphedamnocarpus pruriens
ex Benth. & Hook.f.
(1) Launert. 1963. FZ 2: 119–125.
subsp. galphimiifolius (2) De Villiers & Botha. 1986. FSA 18,3: 66–69.
natalitius A.Juss. var. acuminatus Nied. = A. natalitius angolensis (A.Juss.) Planch. ex Oliv. = S. pruriens subsp.
var. natalitius pruriens
natalitius A.Juss. var. linearifolius Launert angolensis (A.Juss.) Planch. ex Oliv. var. pulcherrimus
Perennial. Tree, shrub, climber. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 25–1000 (Engl. & Gilg) Nied. = S. pruriens subsp. pruriens
m. S, KZN galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimi-
natalitius A.Juss. var. natalitius ifolius = S. pruriens subsp. galphimiifolius
A. natalitius A.Juss. var. acuminatus Nied. (2)
A. natalitius A.Juss. var. obtusus Nied. (2) galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. rehmannii
A. pondoensis Eng. ex Nied. (2) (Szyszyl.) Launert = S. pruriens subsp. galphi-
A. reticulatus Burtt Davy (2) miifolius
Perennial. Tree, shrub, climber. Ht 0.5–7.5 m. Alt 10– latifolius (Engl.) Nied. = S. pruriens subsp. pruriens
1285 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. forma brevipedunculatus
natalitius A.Juss. var. obtusus Nied. = A. natalitius var. Nied. = S. pruriens subsp. pruriens
natalitius pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. forma longipedunculatus
pondoensis Eng. ex Nied. = A. natalitius var. natalitius Nied. = S. pruriens subsp. pruriens
pruriens A.Juss. = Sphedamnocarpus pruriens subsp. pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. forma wilmsii (Engl.) Nied.
pruriens = S. pruriens subsp. pruriens
LYTHRACEAE Rotala DICOTYLEDONS

pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius TRIASPIS Burch. 4206000

(A.Juss.) P.D.de Villiers & D.J.Botha (1) Phillips. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 109.
Acridocarpus galphimiifolius A.Juss. (2) (2) Immelman. 1986. FSA 18,3: 63–66.
Acridocarpus pruriens A.Juss. var. laevigatus Sond. (2)
S. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. galphimiifolius (2) canescens Engl. = T. hypericoides subsp. canescens
S. galphimiifolius (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. rehmannii (Szyszyl.)
Launert (2) glaucophylla Engl.
S. rehmannii Szyszyl. (2) T. leendertziae Burtt Davy (2)
S. rogersii Burtt Davy (2) Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 1–4.5 m. Alt 760–1150
S. transvalicus (Kuntze) Burtt Davy (2) m. LIM, NW, M
S. woodianus Arènes (2)
Triaspis transvalica Kuntze (2) hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. canescens (Engl.)
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.3–5 m. Alt 15–2000 m. Immelman
T. canescens Engl. (2)
B, LIM, NW, S, FS, KZN T. nelsonii Oliv. subsp. canescens (Engl.) Launert (2)
pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. subsp. pruriens Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt ± 750 m. M
Acridocarpus angolensis A.Juss. (2)
Acridocarpus pruriens A.Juss. (2) hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. hypericoides
S. angolensis (A.Juss.) Planch. ex Oliv. (2) Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 500–1000
S. angolensis (A.Juss.) Planch. ex Oliv. var. pulcherrimus (Engl. & m. B, NC
Gilg) Nied. (2)
S. latifolius (Engl.) Nied. (2) hypericoides (DC.) Burch. subsp. nelsonii (Oliv.)
S. pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. forma brevipedunculatus Nied. (2) Immelman
S. pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. forma longipedunculatus Nied. (2) T. nelsonii Oliv. (2)
S. pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. forma wilmsii (Engl.) Nied. (2) T. nelsonii Oliv. var. austro-occidentalis Schinz (2)
S. pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. var. lanceolatus Launert (2) T. ovata Bremek. (2)
S. pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. var. latifolius Engl. (2) T. rogersii Burtt Davy (2)
S. pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. var. platypterus Arènes (2) T. ternata Greenway & Burtt Davy (2)
S. pulcherrimus Engl. & Gilg (2) T. thorncroftii Burtt Davy (2)
S. wilmsii Engl. (2) Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 315–2500
Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.1–5 m. Alt 30–2500 m. m. N, LIM, NW, M
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC leendertziae Burtt Davy = T. glaucophylla
pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. var. lanceolatus Launert = S. nelsonii Oliv. = T. hypericoides subsp. nelsonii
pruriens subsp. pruriens
nelsonii Oliv. subsp. canescens (Engl.) Launert = T.
pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. var. latifolius Engl. = S. pruriens
hypericoides subsp. canescens
subsp. pruriens
pruriens (A.Juss.) Szyszyl. var. platypterus Arènes = S. nelsonii Oliv. var. austro-occidentalis Schinz = T.
pruriens subsp. pruriens hypericoides subsp. nelsonii
pulcherrimus Engl. & Gilg = S. pruriens subsp. pruriens ovata Bremek. = T. hypericoides subsp. nelsonii
rehmannii Szyszyl. = S. pruriens subsp. galphimiifolius rogersii Burtt Davy = T. hypericoides subsp. nelsonii
rogersii Burtt Davy = S. pruriens subsp. galphimii- ternata Greenway & Burtt Davy = T. hypericoides subsp.
folius nelsonii
transvalicus (Kuntze) Burtt Davy = S. pruriens subsp. thorncroftii Burtt Davy = T. hypericoides subsp. nel-
galphimiifolius sonii
wilmsii Engl. = S. pruriens subsp. pruriens transvalica Kuntze = Sphedamnocarpus pruriens
woodianus Arènes = S. pruriens subsp. galphimiifolius subsp. galphimiifolius
MALVACEAE
Compiled by C.L. Bredenkamp & O.A. Leistner
*ABELMOSCHUS Medik. 5014000 (4) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
(1) Exell. 1961. FZ 1: 423–426.
(2) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique angulatum (Guill. & Perr.) Mast. var. angulatum
tropicale 1: 187. A. intermedium Hochst. ex Garcke (1)
esculentus (L.) Moench Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 273–1650 m. N, B,
Hibiscus esculentus L. LIM, NW, G, M
Annual, perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 1070–1370 m. angulatum (Guill. & Perr.) Mast. var. macrophyllum
G, KZN (Baker f.) Hochr.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 2–3.04 m. Alt 90–870 m. N, LIM,
ABUTILON Mill. 4983000 NW, KZN
(1) Meeuse. 1961. FZ 1: 484–499. asiaticum in sense of Garcke, misapplied name = A.
(2) Roessler. 1969. FSWA 82: 2–7.
(3) Wells et al. 1986. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South
guineense
Africa No. 53: 36. austro-africanum Hochr.
DICOTYLEDONS MALPIGHIACEAE Sphedamnocarpus

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–0.75 m. Alt 60–1370 mollisimum of author, not of (Cav.) Sweet, concept
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC invalid = A. grandifolium
dinteri Ulbr. piloso-cinereum A.Meeuse
A. sonneratianum in sense of F.Bolus, L.Bolus & Glover, not of Annual. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 590–1675 m.
(Cav.) Sweet, misapplied name (2)
LIM, NW, G, M, FS
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.45–1.82 m. Alt up to 2000
m. N, NC pycnodon Hochr.
A. flavum Ulbr. (2)
engleranum Ulbr. A. marlothii Ulbr. (2)
A. membranifolium Baker f. (1) A. matopense Gibbs (5)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3.04 m. Alt ± 940 m. N, B A. mendoncae Baker f. (2)
A. salmoneum Ulbr. (2)
flanaganii A.Meeuse Biennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 290–2135 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt? EC N, B, LIM, NW, G, NC, WC
flavum Ulbr. = A. pycnodon ramosum (Cav.) Guill. & Perr.
fruticosum Guill. & Perr. A. harmsianum Ulbr. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.15–1.25 m. Alt 275–1800 m. N, Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 450–1370 m.
B, LIM, M N, B, LIM, NW, M
galpinii A.Meeuse rehmannii Baker f.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 25–1525 m. A. seineri Ulbr. (1)
NW, M, S, FS, KZN Annual. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.7–1.5 m. Alt 500–1300 m.
N, B, LIM, NW, M, NC
grandiflorum G.Don
A. indicum in sense of Mast., not of Sweet, misapplied name (1) salmoneum Ulbr. = A. pycnodon
Annual. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.35–1.82 m. Alt 5–1065 m. seineri Ulbr. = A. rehmannii
LIM, M, S, KZN sonneratianum (Cav.) Sweet
grandifolium (Willd.) Sweet A. umtaliense Baker f. (1)
A. mollisimum of author, not of (Cav.) Sweet, concept invalid (5) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.18–2 m. Alt 5–2750 m. LIM,
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 490–1400 m. KZN, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
EC sonneratianum in sense of F.Bolus, L.Bolus & Glover,
grantii A.Meeuse not of (Cav.) Sweet, misapplied name = A. dinteri
A. indicum in sense of Harv., not of Sweet, misapplied name (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 5–1310 m. KZN, *theophrasti Medik.
EC Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? M, KZN
graveolens (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Wight & Arn. = A. hir- umtaliense Baker f. = A. sonneratianum
tum var. hirtum zanzibaricum Bojer ex Mast. = A. mauritianum
guineense (K.Schum.) Baker f. & Exell
A. asiaticum in sense of Garcke, misapplied name (1) ALLENIA E.Phillips 5013020
Annual. Shrub, herb. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 90–460 m. LIM, urens (L.f.) E.Phillips = Radyera urens
M, S, KZN
harmsianum Ulbr. = A. ramosum ALTHAEA L. 4991000
(1) Roessler. 1969. FSWA 82,3: 7.
hirtum (Lam.) Sweet var. hirtum
A. graveolens (Roxb. ex Hornem.) Wight & Arn. (1) burchellii DC. = Pavonia burchellii
A. lugardii Hochr. (1) ludwigii L.
Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–1.52 m. Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt ?–1005 m. N, NC
Alt 550–915 m. N, B, LIM
indicum in sense of Harv., not of Sweet, misapplied ANISODONTEA C.Presl 4986010
name = A. grantii (1) Bates. 1969. Gentes Herbarum 10,3: 215–383.
indicum in sense of Mast., not of Sweet, misapplied alexandri (Baker f.) Bates
name = A. grandiflorum Malvastrum alexandri Baker f. (1)
intermedium Hochst. ex Garcke = A. angulatum var. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt? EC
angulatum anomala (Link & Otto) Bates
A. dregeana Presl (1)
lauraster Hochr. Malva anomala Link & Otto (1)
Annual. Shrub, herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt? LIM Malva divaricata in sense of Harv., not of Andrews, misapplied
lugardii Hochr. = A. hirtum var. hirtum name (1)
Sphaeralcea dregeana (C.Presl) Harv. (1)
marlothii Ulbr. = A. pycnodon Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1.52 m. Alt
matopense Gibbs = A. pycnodon 550–3000 m. NC, WC
mauritianum (Jacq.) Medik. biflora (Desr.) Bates
A. zanzibaricum Bojer ex Mast. (1) Malvastrum albens Harv. (1)
Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.21–1.82 m. Alt Malvastrum grosulariifolium in sense of Garcke, not of A.Gray, also
not of A.Gray & Harv., misapplied name (1)
275–730 m. B, LIM, M, KZN Malveopsis albens (Harv.) Kuntze (1)
membranifolium Baker f. = A. engleranum Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.82 m. Alt 500–1200 m.
mendoncae Baker f. = A. pycnodon WC
MALVACEAE Abutilon DICOTYLEDONS

bryoniifolia (L.) Bates racemosa (Harv.) Bates

Malvastrum asperrimum (Jacq.) A.Gray & Harv. (1) Malvastrum racemosum Harv. (1)
Malvastrum asperrimum (Jacq.) A.Gray & Harv. var. stellatum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 812–1000
(Thunb.) Harv. (1) m. NC, WC
Malvastrum bryoniifolium (L.) A.Gray & Harv. (1)
Malveopsis asperrima (Jacq.) Kuntze (1) reflexa (J.C.Wendl.) Bates
Malveopsis bryoniifolia (L.) Kuntze (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.91–3.04 m. Alt 381–1300 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.37–2.5 m. Alt 700–3200 m. WC, EC
NC, WC scabrosa (L.) Bates
capensis (L.) Bates Malva capensis L. var. scabrosa (L.) L. (1)
Malva capensis L. var. capensis (1) Malva capensis of author,. not of L., concept invalid (1)
Malvastrum capense (L.) A.Gray & Harv., as to basionym (1) Malva retusa Cav. (1)
Malvastrum capense (L.) A.Gray & Harv. var. glabrescens Harv., as Malvastrum angustifolium (Harv.) Stapf (1)
to basionym (1) Malvastrum calycinum (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. (1)
Malvastrum divaricatum (Andrews) A.Gray & Harv. (1) Malvastrum capense in sense of A.Gray & Harv. excl. basionym,
Malvastrum virgatum (Murray) A.Gray & Harv., as to basionym (1) misapplied name (1)
Malvastrum virgatum (Murray) A.Gray & Harv. var. dillenianum Malvastrum capense in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. balsamicum
(Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv., as to basionym (1) (Jacq.) Harv., misapplied name (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.76–1.21 m. Alt 670–2167 m. Malvastrum capense in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. fragrans
(Jacq.) Baker, misapplied name (1)
NC, WC, EC Malvastrum capense in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. glabrescens in
dissecta (Harv.) Bates sense of Harv. excl. basionym, misapplied name (1)
Malvastrum dissectum Harv. (1) Malvastrum fragrans (Jacq.) A.Gray & Harv. (1)
Malveopsis dissecta (Harv.) Kuntze (1) Malvastrum grosulariifolium (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? WC Malvastrum riparium Hutch. (1)
Malvastrum scabrosum (L.) Stapf (1)
dregeana Presl = A. anomala Malvastrum strictum (Jacq.) A.Gray & Harv. (1)
elegans (Cav.) Bates Malvastrum virgatum in sense of A.Gray & Harv. excl. basionym,
Malva elegans Cav. (1) misapplied name (1)
Sphaeralcea elegans (Cav.) G.Don (1) Malvastrum virgatum in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. angustifolium
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.76 m. Alt 800–1700 m. Harv., misapplied name (1)
Malvastrum virgatum in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. dillenianum
WC in sense of Harv., misapplied name (1)
fruticosa (P.J.Bergius) Bates Malvastrum virgatum in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. oblongifolium
Malvastrum tridactyles (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. (1) Harv., misapplied name (1)
Malvastrum tridactyles (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. var. glabrum Harv. (1) Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–3.66 m. Alt 2–
Malvastrum tridactyles (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. var. puberulum Harv. (1) 1525 m. KZN, NC, WC, EC
Malvastrum tridactyles (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. var. stellatum Harv. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–1.52 m. Alt 800–1000 m. setosa (Harv.) Bates
Malvastrum alexandri in sense of Hutch., misapplied name (1)
WC Malvastrum setosum Harv. (1)
gracilis Bates Malveopsis setosa (Harv.) Kuntze (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht? Alt? WC Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 76–
julii (Burch. ex DC.) Bates subsp. julii 300 m. WC
Sphaeralcea julii (Burch. ex DC.) Baker f. (1) theronii Bates
Sphaeralcea pannosa in sense of E.Phillips, not of Bolus, misap- Biennial. Shrub. Ht ± 1.2 m. Alt ± 800 m. WC
plied name (1)
Sphaeroma julii (Burch. ex DC.) Harv. (1) triloba (Thunb.) Bates
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.81–2 m. Alt 1700–2900 m. FS, Malvastrum grossulariifolium in sense of A.Gray & Harv. in part,
misapplied name (1)
KZN, L, EC Malvastrum grossulariifolium in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. parv-
julii (Burch. ex DC.) Bates subsp. pannosa (Bolus) Bates ifolium Harv. in part, misapplied name (1)
Sphaeralcea pannosa Bolus (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2.73 m. Alt 215–1600 m.
Sphaeroma pannosum (Bolus) Kuntze (1) NC, WC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt 1–2300 m. KZN
julii (Burch. ex DC.) Bates subsp. prostrata (E.Mey. ex *ANODA Cav. 5002000
(1) Correll & Johnston. 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas:
Turcz.) Bates 1054.
Sphaeralcea prostrata (Harv.) Baker f. var. mollis (Harv.) Baker f. (1)
Sphaeralcea prostrata (Turcz.) Baker f. (1) cristata (L.) Schltdl.
Sphaeroma prostratum (Turcz.) Harv. var. molle Harv. (1) Annual. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.45–0.53 m. Alt ?–
Sphaeroma prostratum (Turcz.) Harv. var. prostrata (Turcz.) Baker f. (1)
1370 m. G
FS, KZN, L, EC AZANZA Alef. 5018010
malvastroides (Baker f.) Bates (1) Exell. 1961. FZ 1: 432–434.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt ?–1829 m. NC, garckeana (F.Hoffm.) Exell & Hillc.
WC, EC Shantzia garckeana (F.Hoffm.) Lewton (1)
Thespesia garckeana F.Hoffm. (1)
procumbens (Harv.) Bates
Malvastrum procumbens Harv. (1) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 4–10 m. Alt up to 2000 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.21 m. Alt ± 830 m. WC N, B, LIM
pseudocapensis Bates CIENFUEGOSIA Cav. 5019000
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 200–400 m. (1) Exell. 1961. FZ 1: 426–428.
WC (2) Exell. 1969. FSWA 82: 7, 8.
DICOTYLEDONS MALVACEAE Anisodontea

anomala (Wawra ex Wawra & Peyr.) Gürke = Gossy- (3) Dyer. 1931. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 11: t. 436.
pium anomalum subsp. anomalum (4) Phillips. 1933. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 13: t. 514.
(5) Baker. 1938. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, London 76:
digitata Cav. 22, 237.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–1 m. Alt 850– (6) Baker. 1939. Journal of Botany, British and Foreign, London 77:
1050 m. N, B, LIM 17–22.
gerrardii (Harv.) Hochr. (8) Dyer. 1953. The Flowering Plants of Africa 29: t. 1157.
Fugosia gerrardii Harv. (1) (9) Exell. 1959. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 33: 165–181.
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 460–1465 m. (10) Exell. 1961. The Flowering Plants of Africa 34: t. 1359.
M, S, KZN (11) Exell. 1961. FZ 1: 434–472.
hildebrandtii Garcke (13) Verdoorn . 1966. The Flowering Plants of Africa 37: t. 1470.
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.22–1.52 m. Alt 106–1525 (14) Exell. 1969. FSWA 82: 10–24.
m. N, LIM, M, S, KZN (15) Roessler. 1985. Botanische Jahrbücher 107: 11–15.
pentaphylla K.Schum. = Gossypium anomalum subsp. tropicale 1: 189–192.
anomalum (17) Phillipson. 1992. The Flowering Plants of Africa 52: t. 2057.
(18) Cheek. 1992. The Flowering Plants of Africa 52: t. 2058.
triphylla (Harv.) K.Schum. = Gossypium triphyllum (19) Wilson. 1999. Bulletin of the Natural History Museum London,
Botany 29: 47–79.
FUGOSIA Juss. 5019010 aethiopicus L. var. aethiopicus
gerrardii Harv. = Cienfuegosia gerrardii H. aethiopicus L. var. genuinus Hochr. (11)
triphylla Harv. = Gossypium triphyllum Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.14–0.35 m. Alt 15–1200 m. N,
B, NW, S, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
FURCARIA DC. 5013050 aethiopicus L. var. angustifolius (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Exell
surattensis Kostel. = Hibiscus surattensis H. aethiopicus L. var. diversifolius Harv. (11)
H. ovatus Cav. var. angustifolius Eckl. & Zeyh. (11)
H. zeyheri Hochr. (11)
GOSSYPIOIDES Skovst. ex 5020010
J.B.Hutch. Perennial. Herb. Length ± 0.18 m. Alt ?–1050 m.
KZN, EC
(1) Exell. 1961. FZ 1: 432.
kirkii (Mast.) J.B.Hutch. aethiopicus L. var. diversifolius Harv. = H. aethiopicus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 3.04 m. Alt 30–65 m. KZN L. var. angustifolius
aethiopicus L. var. genuinus Hochr. = H. aethiopicus var.
GOSSYPIUM L. 5020000 aethiopicus
(1) Exell. 1961. FZ 1: 428–431.
(2) Exell. 1969. FSWA 82: 8–10.
aethiopicus L. var. ovatus Harv.
H. leiospermus Harv. (11)
H. ovatus Cav. (11)
(4) Fryxell. 1992. Rheedea 2: 108–165.
anomalum Wawra ex Wawra & Peyr. subsp. anoma- LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
lum
Cienfuegosia anomala (Wawra & Peyr.) Gürke (3) allenii Sprague & Hutch.
Cienfuegosia pentaphylla K.Schum. (3) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 0.75 m. Alt ?–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–2.43 m. Alt 600–1100 1400 m. N, B
m. N altissimus Hornby
anomalum Wawra ex Wawra & Peyr. subsp. triphyllum H. furcatus in sense of Harv., not of Roxb., misapplied name (11)
(Harv.) Roberty = G. triphyllum Perennial. Shrub, climber, scrambler. Ht 9.14–10 m.
Alt 30–1200 m. LIM, KZN
herbaceum L. subsp. africanum (Watt) Vollesen
G. herbaceum L. var. africanum (Watt) Hutch. & R.L.M.Ghose (3) aponeurus in sense of Burtt Davy, not of Sprague &
G. obtusifolium Roxb. ex G.Don var. africanum Watt (3) Hutch., misapplied name = H. barbosae
G. transvaalense Watt (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 5–1220 m. N, B, aridus R.A.Dyer
LIM, M, S, KZN Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, shrublet. Ht up to 0.15–
0.3 m. Alt 230–610 m. EC
herbaceum L. var. africanum (Watt) Hutch. & R.L.M.Ghose
= G. herbaceum subsp. africanum aristivalvis Garcke = H. palmatus
obtusifolium Roxb. ex G.Don var. africanum Watt = G. articulatus Hochst. ex A.Rich. var. articulatus
herbaceum subsp. africanum Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht up to 0.75 m. Alt up
transvaalense Watt = G. herbaceum subsp. africanum to 1500 m. N
triphyllum (Harv.) Hochr. atromarginatus Eckl. & Zeyh. = H. pusillus
Cienfuegosia triphylla (Harv.) K.Schum. (3) barbosae Exell
Fugosia triphylla Harv. (3) H. aponeurus in sense of Burtt Davy, not of Sprague & Hutch., mis-
G. anomalum Wawra ex Wawra & Peyr. subsp. triphyllum (Harv.) applied name (11)
Roberty (3)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt 900–1372 m. N, B LIM, M, S, KZN
HIBISCUS L. 5013000 barnardii Exell
(1) Cavanilles. 1787. Monadelphiae classis dissertationes decem. Diss. 3. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.8–1.21 m. Alt ±
(2) Drège. 1843. Zwei pflanzengeographische Documente: 192. 765 m. LIM, M
MALVACEAE Cienfuegosia DICOTYLEDONS

berberidifolius Cufod., not of A. Rich. = H. diversi- dongolensis Delile

folius subsp. diversifolius Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt 155–1350 m. N, B,
biflorus A.Spreng. = H. diversifolius subsp. diversi- LIM, M, S, KZN
folius ebracteatus Mast. = H. elliottiae
caesius Garcke var. caesius ebracteatus Mast. var. pechuelii O.Kuntze = H. elliottiae
H. gibsonii Stocks ex Harv. (11) elliottiae Harv.
H. pentaphyllus F.Muell. (11) H. ebracteatus Mast. (14)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.45–2 m. Alt 215–1400 m. N, B, H. ebracteatus Mast. var. pechuelii O.Kuntze (14)
LIM, NW H. elliottiae Harv. var. ebracteatus (Mast.) Hochr. (14)
calycinus Willd., illegitimate name = H. calyphyllus H. elliottiae Harv. var. pechuelii (O.Kuntze) Hochr. (14)
H. elliottiae Harv. var. subciliatus Hochr. (14)
calyphyllus Cav. Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt
H. calycinus Willd., illegitimate name (11)
305–2000 m. N, NC
1675 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC elliottiae Harv. var. ebracteatus (Mast.) Hochr. = H.
elliottiae
cancellatus Roxb. (insufficiently known)
elliottiae Harv. var. pechuelii (O.Kuntze) Hochr. = H.
cannabinus Hiern, not of L. in part, as to specimen elliottiae
Welwitsch 5263 = H. sabdariffa
elliottiae Harv. var. subciliatus Hochr. = H. elliottiae
cannabinus Hochr., not of L. (1759) in part, as to syn-
onym H. acetosella = H. mechowii engleri K.Schum.
H. cordatus in sense of Harv., not of D.Dietr., also not of Hochst. ex
cannabinus in sense of Ulbr. & Fr., not of L. in part, as Webb, misapplied name (11)
to specimen Fries 954, misapplied name = H. H. irritans R.A.Dyer (11)
nigricaulis H. subphysaloides Hochr. (11)
cannabinus L.
H. sabdariffa L. subsp. cannabinus (L.) Panigrahi & Murti LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.7–2.74 m. Alt 15–1250 m. N, B, esculentus L. = Abelmoschus esculentus
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN ferrugineus in sense of Hochr., not of Cav., misapplied
castroi Baker f. & Exell var. castroi name = H. fuscus
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.45–1.5 m. Alt ficulneus Cav., not of L., illegitimate name = H. diver-
?–320 m. N sifolius subsp. diversifolius
coddii Exell fleckii Gürke
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 305–792 m. LIM, M Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–2.5 m. Alt 275–1405 m. N,
cordatus Hochst. ex Webb, not of D.Dietr., also not of NC
Harv. = H. rhabdotospermus furcatus in sense of Harv., not of Roxb., misapplied
cordatus in sense of Harv., not of D.Dietr., also not of name = H. altissimus
Hochst. ex Webb, misapplied name = H. engleri fuscus Garcke
H. ferrugineus in sense of Hochr., not of Cav., misapplied name (11)
cordatus in sense of J.G.García, misapplied name = H. H. gossypinus in sense of Harv., not of Thunb., misapplied name (11)
schinzii Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.8–2.43 m. Alt 15–855 m. KZN,
cucurbitinus Burch. = Radyera urens EC
dinteri Hochr. gibsonii Harv. = H. caesius var. caesius
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.9–2.43 m. Alt ?–1000 m. N
gossypinus in sense of Harv., not of Thunb., misapplied
discophorus Hochr. name = H. fuscus
H. pseudosida Ulbr. (14)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt? N gossypinus Thunb. = H. pusillus
diversifolius Jacq. subsp. diversifolius intermedius A.Rich. = H. palmatus
H. berberidifolius Cufod., not of A.Rich. (19) irritans R.A.Dyer = H. engleri
H. biflorus A.Spreng. (19)
H. diversifolius Jacq. subsp. genuinus Hochr., illegitimate name (19) kirkii Mast.
H. diversifolius Jacq. var. witteanus Cufod., not of Hochr. (19) Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt? N
H. ficulneus Cav., not of L., illegitimate name (19)
H. macularis E.Mey. ex Harv., naked name (19) lancibracteatus De Wild. & T.Durand = H. mechowii
H. persicifolius Eckl. & Zeyh., name doubtful (11) leiospermus Harv. = H. aethiopicus var. ovatus
KZN, WC, EC leptocalyx Sond. = Pavonia leptocalyx
diversifolius Jacq. subsp. genuinus Hochr., illegitimate lobatus (Murray) Kuntze
name = H. diversifolius subsp. diversifolius Annual. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.3 m. Alt 300–1400 m. B
diversifolius Jacq. subsp. rivularis (Bremek. & ludwigii Eckl. & Zeyh.
Oberm.) Exell H. macranthus Hochst. ex A.Rich. (11)
H. rivularis Bremek. & Oberm. (19) Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 1.67–2.74 m. Alt 30–1700
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–4.57 m. Alt ± 1030 m. m. KZN, EC
N, B lunarifolius Willd.
diversifolius Jacq. var. witteanus Cufod., not of Hochr. = Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 300–1525 m. B, LIM,
H. diversifolius subsp. diversifolius NW, G, M
DICOTYLEDONS MALVACEAE Hibiscus

macranthus Hochst. ex A.Rich. = H. ludwigii palmatus Forssk.

H. aristivalvis Garcke (11)
macularis E.Mey. ex Harv., naked name = H. diversi- H. intermedius A.Rich. (11)
folius subsp. diversifolius Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.76 m. Alt 152–1400 m. N,
malacospermus (Turcz.) E.Mey. ex Harv., naked name = LIM, M, S
H. microcarpus pedunculatus L.f.
marlothianus K.Schum. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–2.43 m. Alt 5–1830 m. LIM,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt 610–1525 m. M, S, KZN, WC, EC
LIM, NW, FS, NC, EC pentaphyllus F.Muell. = H. caesius var. caesius
masuianus De Wild. & T.Durand = H. sabdariffa persicifolius Eckl. & Zeyh., name doubtful = H. diver-
mechowii Garcke sifolius subsp. diversifolius
H. cannabinus Hochr., not of L. (1759) in part, as to synonym H.
acetocella (19) physaloides Guill. & Perr.
H. lancibracteatus De Wild. & T.Durand (19) Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.76–2 m. Alt 10–
Annual, occ. perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt? 855 m. LIM, S, KZN
N, B physaloides Guill. & Perr. var. genuinus forma schinzii
meeusei Exell = H. nigricaulis (Gürke) Hochr. = H. schinzii
mendoncae Exell subsp. mendoncae = H. meyeri subsp. platycalyx Mast.
meyeri H. rogersii Burtt Davy (11)
H. seineri Engl. (11)
mendoncae Exell subsp. transvaalensis Exell = H. mey- Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.76–2 m. Alt 915–1030 m. B,
eri subsp. transvaalensis LIM
merxmuelleri Roessler praeteritus R.A.Dyer
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? N H. micranthus in sense of Baker f. in part, not of L.f., misapplied
name (11)
meyeri Harv. subsp. meyeri
H. mendoncae Exell subsp. mendoncae (11) Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 290–1310 m. N, B,
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–2 m. Alt 105–762 m. LIM, LIM, M
M, S, KZN pseudosida Ulbr. = H. discophorus
meyeri Harv. subsp. transvaalensis (Exell) Exell pusillus Thunb.
H. mendoncae Exell subsp. transvaalensis Exell (11) H. atromarginatus Eckl. & Zeyh. (11)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–2 m. Alt 400–1300 m. LIM, H. gossypinus Thunb. (11)
M Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 15–2100 m. N, B,
micranthus in sense of Baker f. in part, not of L.f., mis- LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
applied name = H. praeteritus rhabdotospermus Garcke
H. cordatus Hochst. ex Webb, not of D.Dietr., also not of Harv. (11)
micranthus L.f. var. hispidus Cufod. = H. sabiensis
Perennial. Herb. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 610–1000 m. N, B
micranthus L.f. var. micranthus
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–2.5 m. Alt 70–2900 m. ricinifolius E.Mey. ex Harv. = H. vitifolius subsp. viti-
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC, EC folius
microcarpus Garcke rivularis Bremek. & Oberm. = H. diversifolius subsp.
H. malacospermus (Turcz.) E.Mey. ex Harv., naked name (2) rivularis
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.35 m. Alt rogersii Burtt Davy = H. platycalyx
460–1830 m. N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L,
EC *sabdariffa L.
H. cannabinus Hiern, not of L. in part, as to specimen Welwitsch
*mutabilis L. 5263 (19)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–2 m. Alt? G H. masuianus De Wild. & T.Durand (19)
H. sabdariffa L. var. albus A.Howard & G.Howard (19)
mutatus N.E.Br. H. sabdariffa L. var. altissima Wester (19)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2.5 m. Alt 610–1500 m. N, H. sabdariffa L. var. bhaghalpuriensis A.Howard & G.Howard (19)
B, LIM, NW H. sabdariffa L. var. intermedius A.Howard & G.Howard (19)
H. sabdariffa L. var. ruber A.Howard & G.Howard (19)
natalitius Harv. = H. vitifolius subsp. vitifolius Annual. Herb. Ht 1.5–4.5 m. Alt? N, NW, G
nigricaulis Baker f.
H. cannabinus in sense of Ulbr. & Fr., not of L. in part, as to speci- sabdariffa L. subsp. cannabinus (L.) Panigrahi & Murti
men Fries 954, misapplied name (19) = H. cannabinus
H. meeusei Exell (19) sabdariffa L. var. albus A.Howard & G.Howard = H.
H. sabdariffa Mendonça & Torre, not of L. (1753) in part, as to
specimen Mendonça 332 (LISC) (19) sabdariffa
Annual. Herb. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, G, M, S, sabdariffa L. var. altissima Wester = H. sabdariffa
KZN sabdariffa L. var. bhaghalpuriensis A.Howard &
okavangensis Exell G.Howard = H. sabdariffa
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–2.5 m. Alt? N sabdariffa L. var. intermedius A.Howard & G.Howard =
ovatus Cav. = H. aethiopicus var. ovatus H. sabdariffa
ovatus Cav. var. angustifolius Eckl. & Zeyh. = H. sabdariffa L. var. ruber A.Howard & G.Howard = H.
aethiopicus var. angustifolius sabdariffa
MALVACEAE Hibiscus DICOTYLEDONS

sabdariffa Mendonça & Torre, not of L. (1753) in part, vitifolius L. subsp. vulgaris Brenan & Exell
as to specimen Mendonça 332 (LISC) = H. nigri- H. vitifolius L. var. genuinus Hochr. (11)
caulis Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.05–3.04 m. Alt 100–1800
m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN
sabiensis Exell
H. micranthus L.f. var. hispidus Cufod. (11) vitifolius L. var. genuinus Hochr. = H. vitifolius subsp.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt? LIM vulgaris
saxatilis J.M.Wood & M.S.Evans vitifolius L. var. ricinifolius Hochr. = H. vitifolius
Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 762–2135 m. M, S, subsp. vitifolius
KZN
waterbergensis Exell
schinzii Gürke Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt ?–1065 m. LIM
H. cordatus in sense of J.G.García, misapplied name (11)
H. physaloides Guill. & Perr. var. genuinus forma schinzii (Gürke) zeyheri Hochr. = H. aethiopicus var. angustifolius
Hochr. (11)
H. swynnertonii Baker f. (11) KOSTELETZKYA C.Presl 5015000
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 70–1065 m. N, B, (1) Exell. 1961. FZ 1: 472–475.
LIM, G, M, KZN, NC
buettneri Gürke
schinzii (Gürke) Hochr., not of H. schinzii Gürke = H. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1.8 m. Alt 900–
sidiformis 1600 m. N, B
seineri Engl. = H. platycalyx
sidiformis Baill. *LAVATERA L. 4990000
H. schinzii (Gürke) Hochr., not of H. schinzii Gürke (11) (1) Fernandes. 1968. Flora europaea. 2: 251–253.
H. ternatus (Cav.) Mast. (11) (2) Miller. 1997. European garden flora 5: 215–217.
H. ternifoliolus F.W.Andrews (11)
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.91 m. Alt 312–1200 m. N, B, arborea L.
LIM, NW, G, M, KZN Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 5–600 m. N, FS,
WC, EC
subphysaloides Hochr. = H. engleri
subreniformis Burtt Davy assurgentiflora Kellogg
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1.43 m. Alt ?– Perennial. Shrub. Ht ± 4 m. Alt? G, NC
1465 m. B, LIM, NW, G cretica L.
sulfuranthus Ulbr. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1.21 m. Alt ± 30 m. WC
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt? N trimestris L.
surattensis L. Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? EC
Furcaria surattensis Kostel. (19)
H. surattensis L. var. genuinus Hochr., illegitimate name (19) *MALVA L. 4992000
H. surattensis L. var. villosus Hochr. (19) (1) Meeuse. 1961. FZ 1: 501–503.
Annual. Herb, climber. Ht 0.3–3 m. Alt 10–1700 m. (2) Roessler. 1969. FSWA 82: 24, 25.
LIM (3) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
tropicale 1: 192.
surattensis L. var. genuinus Hochr., illegitimate name =
H. surattensis aegyptia L.
surattensis L. var. villosus Hochr. = H. surattensis Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt ?–1000 m. FS, NC
swynnertonii Baker f. = H. schinzii anomala Link & Otto = Anisodontea anomala
*syriaca L. capensis L. var. capensis = Anisodontea capensis
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt? G capensis L. var. scabrosa (L.) L. = Anisodontea scabrosa
ternatus (Cav.) Mast. = H. sidiformis
capensis of author, not of L., concept invalid = Aniso-
ternifoliolus F.W.Andrews = H. sidiformis dontea scabrosa
tiliaceus L. subsp. tiliaceus
Paritium tiliaceum (L.) A.St.-Hil. (11) divaricata in sense of Harv., not of Anderson, misap-
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.3–5 m. Alt up to 1065 m. plied name = Anisodontea anomala
KZN, EC elegans Cav. = Anisodontea elegans
trionum L. neglecta Wallr.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.5 m. Alt 3–2635 m. N, B, Perennial. Herb. Length 0.3–1 m. Alt ± 2400 m. LIM,
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC NW, M, FS, KZN, L, EC
upingtoniae Gürke nicaeensis All.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.4–1 m. Alt 312– Herb. Ht? Alt? Distr.?
790 m. N, B, LIM, M parviflora L. var. parviflora
urens L.f. = Radyera urens Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Length 0.15–0.4 m. Alt
vitifolius L. subsp. vitifolius 15–1405 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L,
H. natalitius Harv. (11) NC, WC, EC
H. ricinifolius E.Mey. ex Harv. (11)
H. vitifolius L. var. ricinifolius Hochr. (11) pusilla Sm.
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt 5–915 m. Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Length 0.2–0.5 m. Alt
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC ?–1465 m. N, NW, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
DICOTYLEDONS MALVACEAE Hibiscus

retusa Cav. = Anisodontea scabrosa setosum Harv. = Anisodontea setosa

sylvestris L. strictum (Jacq.) A.Gray & Harv. = Anisodontea scabrosa
Biennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt? NC tridactyles (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. = Anisodontea fruti-
verticillata L. var. crispa L. cosa
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–2.43 m. Alt? N, G, FS tridactyles (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. var. glabrum Harv. =
verticillata L. var. verticillata Anisodontea fruticosa
Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.45–1.21 m. Alt 915–1705 m. N, tridactyles (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. var. puberulum Harv.
NW, M, FS, L, NC = Anisodontea fruticosa
tridactyles (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. var. stellatum Harv. =
*MALVASTRUM A.Gray 4995000 Anisodontea fruticosa
(1) Meeuse. 1961. FZ 1: 503.
virgatum in sense of A.Gray & Harv. excl. basionym,
albens Harv. = Anisodontea biflora misapplied name = Anisodontea scabrosa
alexandri Baker f. = Anisodontea alexandri
virgatum in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. angustifolium
alexandri in sense of Hutch., misapplied name = Aniso- Harv., misapplied name = Anisodontea scabrosa
dontea setosa
virgatum in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. dillenianum in
angustifolium (Harv.) Stapf = Anisodontea scabrosa sense of Harv., misapplied name = Anisodontea
asperrimum (Jacq.) A.Gray & Harv. = Anisodontea scabrosa
bryoniifolia
virgatum in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. oblongifolium
asperrimum (Jacq.) A.Gray & Harv. var. stellatum (Thunb.) Harv., misapplied name = Anisodontea scabrosa
Harv. = Anisodontea bryoniifolia
virgatum (Murray) A.Gray & Harv., as to basionym =
bryoniifolium (L.) A.Gray & Harv. = Anisodontea bry- Anisodontea capensis
oniifolia
virgatum (Murray) A.Gray & Harv. var. dillenianum
calycinum (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. = Anisodontea scabrosa
(Eckl. & Zeyh.) Harv., as to basionym = Aniso-
capense in sense of A.Gray & Harv. excl. basionym, dontea capensis
misapplied name = Anisodontea scabrosa
capense in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. balsamicum MALVEOPSIS C.Presl 4986020
(Jacq.) Harv., misapplied name = Anisodontea
albens (Harv.) Kuntze = Anisodontea biflora
scabrosa
capense in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. fragrans (Jacq.) asperrima (Jacq.) Kuntze = Anisodontea bryoniifolia
Baker, misapplied name = Anisodontea scabrosa bryoniifolia (L.) Kuntze = Anisodontea bryoniifolia
capense in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. glabrescens in dissecta (Harv.) Kuntze = Anisodontea dissecta
sense of Harv. excl. basionym, misapplied name = setosa (Harv.) Kuntze = Anisodontea setosa
Anisodontea scabrosa
capense (L.) A.Gray & Harv., as to basionym = Aniso- *MODIOLA Moench 4987000
dontea capensis (1) Moench. 1794. Methodus: 619.
capense (L.) A.Gray & Harv. var. glabrescens Harv., as the Transvaal with Swaziland, South Africa 2: 274.
to basionym = Anisodontea capensis (3) Adamson. 1950. Flora of the Cape Peninsula: 581.
coromandelianum (L.) Garcke (4) Krapovickas. 1965. Flora de la Provincia de Buenos Aires 4:
Biennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, G, 169–220.
M, S, KZN, EC caroliniana (L.) G.Don
M. multifida Moench (1)
dissectum Harv. = Anisodontea dissecta
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 275–1829 m. G,
divaricatum (Andrews) A.Gray & Harv. = Anisodontea M, FS, WC, EC
capensis
multifida Moench = M. caroliniana
fragrans (Jacq.) A.Gray & Harv. = Anisodontea scabrosa
grossulariifolium in sense of A.Gray & Harv. in part, PARITIUM A.St.-Hil. 5013030
misapplied name = Anisodontea triloba tiliaceum (L.) A.St.-Hil. = Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp.
grossulariifolium in sense of A.Gray & Harv. var. parv- tiliaceus
ifolium Harv. in part, misapplied name = Aniso-
dontea triloba PAVONIA Cav. 5007000
grosulariifolium (Cav.) A.Gray & Harv. = Anisodontea (1) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: t. 334.
scabrosa (2) Dyer. 1932. Kew Bulletin 1932: 152, 278.
(3) Meeuse. 1961. FZ 1: 504.
grosulariifolium in sense of Garcke, not of A.Gray, also (4) Leistner. 1969. Bothalia 10: 74.
not of A.Gray & Harv., misapplied name = Aniso- (5) Roessler. 1969. FSWA 82: 25–28.
dontea biflora (6) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
tropicale 1: 193.
procumbens Harv. = Anisodontea procumbens (7) Taussig. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
racemosum Harv. = Anisodontea racemosa Survey of South Africa No. 62: 498.
riparium Hutch. = Anisodontea scabrosa baumii Gürke = P. senegalensis
scabrosum (L.) Stapf = Anisodontea scabrosa burchellii (DC.) R.A.Dyer
MALVACEAE *Malva DICOTYLEDONS

Althaea burchellii DC. (3) vespertilionacea Hochr. = P. rehmannii

P. kraussiana Hochst. (5)
P. macrophylla E.Mey. ex Harv. (3)
P. patens (Andrews) Chiov. (7)
RADYERA Bullock 5013010
(1) Bullock. 1957. Kew Bulletin 1956: 454.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.06–2 m. Alt up to 1728 (2) Exell. 1969. FSWA 82: 28.
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC
urens (L.f.) Bullock
clathrata Mast. Allenia urens (L.f.) E.Phillips (2)
P. schumanniana Gürke & Schinz (3) Hibiscus cucurbitinus Burch. (2)
Annual, perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt Hibiscus urens L.f. (2)
855–1650 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.91 m. Alt 100–1420
columella Cav. m. N, B, NW, G, FS, NC, WC, EC
P. galpiniana Schinz (3)
P. meyeri Mast. (3) SHANTZIA Lewton 5018020
P. mollis E.Mey. ex Harv. (3)
garckeana (F.Hoffm.) Lewton = Azanza garckeana
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC SIDA L. 4998000
dentata Burtt Davy (1) Harvey. 1860. FC 1: 166–168.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt up to 550 (2) Meeuse. 1961. FZ 1: 475–484.
m. LIM (3) Roessler. 1969. FSWA 82: 29–31.
(4) Robertson. 1989. Flowering plants of Seychelles: 18–20.
dregei Garcke (5) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
P. microphylla E.Mey. ex Harv. (3) tropicale 1: 194, 195.
Biennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.35–1.5 m. Alt 5–155 m. (6) Taussig. 1993. In Arnold & De Wet, Memoirs of the Botanical
KZN Survey of South Africa No. 62: 498.
(7) Thulin. 1999. Nordic Journal of Botany 19: 421–425.
elegans Garcke
acuta Burm.f. subsp. acuta
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.6–0.91 m. Alt up to 245 m. M S. carpinifolia in sense of Mast., misapplied name (2)
fruticulosa Ulbr. = P. leptocalyx Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 0.45–1.37 m. Alt
galpiniana Schinz = P. columella 460–1219 m. N, LIM, M, S, KZN
gossweileri Exell alba L.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt? N Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.75 m.
Alt 120–1465 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S,
hirsuta Guill. & Perr. = P. senegalensis
KZN, L
kraussiana Hochst. = P. burchelli
aurescens Ulbr. = S. ovata
leptocalyx (Sond.) Ulbr.
Hibiscus leptocalyx Sond. (3) carpinifolia in sense of Mast., misapplied name = S. acuta
P. fruticulosa Ulbr. (3) subsp. acuta
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.91 m. Alt 85–1463 chionantha Ulbr. = S. ovata
m. LIM, NW, G, M, KZN chrysantha Ulbr.
macrophylla E.Mey. ex Harv. = P. burchellii Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.05–0.6 m. Alt 275–2000
meyeri Mast. = P. columella m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC
microphylla E.Mey. ex Harv. = P. dregei cordifolia L.
mollis E.Mey. ex Harv. = P. columella S. velutina Willd. ex Spreng. (1)
patens (Andrews) Chiov. = P. burchellii Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.06–1 m. Alt
10–1465 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC
praemorsa (L.f.) Cav.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.03–2.04 m. Alt 15–765 m. EC dinteriana Hochr. = S. ovata
rehmannii Szyszyl. dregei Burtt Davy
P. vespertilionacea Hochr. (5) S. lancifolia Burtt Davy (2)
S. longipes E.Mey. ex Harv. (2)
Annual, biennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–1 m. Alt
m. N
15–1695 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, WC,
schimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich. = P. urens var. urens EC
schumanniana Gürke & Schinz = P. clathrata flexuosa Burtt Davy = S. ovata
senegalensis (Cav.) Leistner grewioides Guill. & Perr. = S. ovata
P. baumii Gürke (3)
P. hirsuta Guill. & Perr. (4)
hislopii Burtt Davy & Greenway = S. pseudocordifolia
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 600– hoepfneri Gürke = S. ovata
1350 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, NC lancifolia Burtt Davy = S. dregei
transvaalensis (Ulbr.) A.Meeuse longipes E.Mey. ex Harv. = S. dregei
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2– ovata Forssk.
1.21 m. Alt 915–1525 m. LIM, NW, G, M, KZN S. aurescens Ulbr. (3)
S. chionantha Ulbr. (3)
urens Cav. var. urens S. dinteriana Hochr. (3)
P. schimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich. (3) S. flexuosa Burtt Davy (2)
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 600– S. grewioides Guill. & Perr. (2)
2000 m. KZN S. hoepfneri Gürke (2)
DICOTYLEDONS MALVACEAE Pavonia

Annual, perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. SPHAEROMA DC. 4986030

Alt 792–1168 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, NC julii (Burch. ex DC.) Harv. = Anisodontea julii subsp.
pseudocordifolia Hochr. julii
S. hislopii Burtt Davy & Greenway (2)
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.4–1.21 m. Alt 25–1400 m. pannosum (Bolus) Kuntze = Anisodontea julii subsp.
LIM, NW, M, S, KZN pannosa
rhombifolia L. subsp. rhombifolia prostratum (Turcz.) Harv. var. molle Harv. = Aniso-
Annual, biennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.12– dontea julii subsp. prostrata
1.04 m. Alt 5–2100 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, prostratum (Turcz.) Harv. var. prostrata (Turcz.) Baker
FS, KZN, L, NC, EC f. = Anisodontea julii subsp. prostrata
serratifolia R.Wilczek & Steyaert THESPESIA Sol. ex Corrêa 5018000
(1) Exell. 1961. FZ 1: 421–423.
m. LIM, S (2) Verdoorn. 1966. The Flowering Plants of Africa 37: t. 1468.
spinosa L. var. spinosa (3) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs
Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.3–0.6 d’Afrique tropicale 1: 195.
m. Alt 667–1400 m. NW, G, M, FS, KZN acutiloba (Baker f.) Exell & Mendonça
T. populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa var. acutiloba Baker f. (1)
ternata L.f.
S. triloba Cav. (2) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.71–5.14 m. Alt 15–610 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.76 m. Alt 15–1695 m. LIM, KZN
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC garckeana F.Hoffm. = Azanza garckeana
triloba Cav. = S. ternata populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corrêa var. acutiloba Baker f. = T.
velutina Willd. ex Spreng. = S. cordifolia acutiloba
*SPHAERALCEA A.St.-Hil. 4986000 *URENA L. 5006000

(1) Krapovickas. 1965. Flora de la Provincia de Buenos Aires 4: 212. (1) Meeuse. 1961. FZ 1: 503, 504.
bonariensis (Cav.) Griseb. tropicale 1: 195.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.01–1.06 m. Alt up to lobata L. subsp. lobata var. lobata
1495 m. NW, G, FS, NC, EC Annual, occ. perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 1 m.
dregeana (C.Presl) Harv. = Anisodontea anomala Alt? N, M
elegans (Cav.) G.Don = Anisodontea elegans
WISSADULA Medik. 4985000
julii (Burch. ex DC.) Baker f. = Anisodontea julii subsp. (1) Meeuse. 1961. FZ 1: 499–501.
julii (2) Roesler. 1969. FSWA 82: 32.
pannosa Bolus = Anisodontea julii subsp. pannosa (3) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
tropicale 1: 195.
pannosa in sense of E.Phillips, not of Bolus, misapplied
name = Anisodontea julii subsp. julii amplissima R.E.Fr. var. rostrata (Schumach.) R.E.Fr. =
W. rostrata
prostrata (Harv.) Baker f. var. mollis (Harv.) Baker f. =
Anisodontea julii subsp. prostrata rostrata (Schumach.) Hook.f.
W. amplissima R.E.Fr. var. rostrata (Schumach.) R.E.Fr. (1)
prostrata (Turcz.) Baker f. = Anisodontea julii subsp. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.75–1.75 m. Alt 275–940 m. N,
prostrata B, M
MELASTOMATACEAE
ANTHEROTOMA (Naudin) 5651000 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.95 m. Alt 630–1700 m. N,

Hook.f. B, LIM, NW, G, S, EC
(1) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1978. FZ 4: 229–231.
(2) Jacques-Félix. 1995. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, naudinii Hook.f.
Paris 16,4, Section B. Adansonia 2-4: 270. Annual. Herb. Ht 0.06–0.38 m. Alt 855–1950 m. LIM,
debilis (Sond.) Jacq.-Fél. G, M, S, KZN
Dissotis debilis (Sond.) Triana var. debilis (2)
Dissotis debilis (Sond.) Triana var. lanceolata (Cogn.) A.Fern. & phaeotricha (Hochst.) Jacq.-Fél.
R.Fern. (2) Dissotis phaeotricha (Hochst.) Hook.f. var. hirsuta (Cogn.) A.Fern.
Dissotis debilis (Sond.) Triana var. pedicellata A.Fern. & R.Fern. (2) & R.Fern. (2)
Dissotis debilis (Sond.) Triana var. postpluvialis (Gilg) A.Fern. & Dissotis phaeotricha (Hochst.) Hook.f. var. phaeotricha (2)
R.Fern. (2) Dissotis phaeotricha (Hochst.) Hook.f. var. villosissima A.Fern. &
Dissotis debilis (Sond.) Triana var. prostrata A.Fern. & R.Fern. (2) R.Fern. (2)
Dissotis debilis (Sond.) Triana var. pusilla (R.E.Fr.) A.Fern. & Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 180–1350 m.
R.Fern. (2) LIM, M, S, KZN
MALVACEAE Sida DICOTYLEDONS

DISSOTIS Benth. 5659000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt up to 50 m. M, KZN

(1) Dyer. 1957. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1250. roseum A.Braun & C.D.Bouché = H. macrostachyum
(2) Fernandes. 1978. FZ 4: 240–269.
(3) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique MELASTOMASTRUM Naudin 5659010
tropicale 1: 152–154.
(4) Jacques-Félix. 1995. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, (1) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1956. Memórias da Sociedade Broteriana
Paris 16,4, Section B. Adansonia 2-4: 270–272. 11: 12.
(2) Fernandes. 1978. FZ 4: 237–240.
canescens (E.Mey. ex R.A.Graham) Hook.f.
segregatum (Benth.) A.Fern. & R.Fern. forma segrega-
tum
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 2 m. Alt? N, B
debilis (Sond.) Triana var. debilis = Antherotoma debilis
debilis (Sond.) Triana var. lanceolata (Cogn.) A.Fern. & MEMECYLON L. 5788000
R.Fern. = Antherotoma debilis (1) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1972. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana
46: 67.
debilis (Sond.) Triana var. pedicellata A.Fern. & R.Fern. (2) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1978. FZ 4: 221–229.
= Antherotoma debilis (3) Jacques-Felix. 1978. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle,
Paris. Adansonia 2-18: 220–235.
debilis (Sond.) Triana var. postpluvialis (Gilg) A.Fern. (4) Jacques-Felix. 1980. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle,
& R.Fern. = Antherotoma debilis Paris. Adansonia 2-19: 257–268.
debilis (Sond.) Triana var. prostrata A.Fern. & R.Fern. (5) Van Wyk. 1983. South African Journal of Botany 2: 173.
= Antherotoma debilis tropicale 1: 159.
debilis (Sond.) Triana var. pusilla (R.E.Fr.) A.Fern. & (7) Jacques-Felix. 1995. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle,
R.Fern. = Antherotoma debilis Paris 16,4, Section B. Adansonia 2-4: 281.
phaeotricha (Hochst.) Hook.f. var. hirsuta (Cogn.) A.Fern. Africa, edn 3: 19.
& R.Fern. = Antherotoma phaeotricha bachmannii Engl.
phaeotricha (Hochst.) Hook.f. var. phaeotricha = Anthero- Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–6.09 m. Alt up to 395 m. KZN,
toma phaeotricha EC
phaeotricha (Hochst.) Hook.f. var. villosissima A.Fern. natalense Markgr.
& R.Fern. = Antherotoma phaeotricha Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.82–7 m. Alt 300–1100 m.
princeps (Kunth) Triana var. candolleana (Cogn.) A.Fern. LIM, KZN
& R.Fern. sousae A.Fern. & R.Fern. = Warneckea sousae
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 1050–1400
m. LIM, S, KZN WARNECKEA Gilg 5788010
princeps (Kunth) Triana var. princeps (1) Fernandes & Fernandes. 1972. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana
46: 67.
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.91–4 m. Alt 490–1980 m. (2) Jacques-Felix. 1978. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle,
N, B, LIM, S, KZN Paris. Adansonia 2-18: 220–235.
pulchra A.Fern. & R.Fern. (3) Jacques-Felix. 1980. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle,
Paris. Adansonia 2-19: 257–268.
Perennial. Shrub, herb. Ht 0.9–3.6 m. Alt up to 1650 (4) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
m. N tropicale 1: 159.
(5) Jacques-Felix. 1995. Bulletin du Muséum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris
*HETEROCENTRON Hook. 5642000 16,4, Section B. Adansonia 2-4: 281.
& Arn. (6) Coates Palgrave. 2002. Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of southern
Africa, edn 3: 19.
(1) Bailey & Bailey. 1977. Hortus third: 558.
(2) Fernandes. 1978. FZ 4: 220. sousae (A.Fern. & R.Fern.) A.E.van Wyk
Memecylon sousae A.Fern. & R.Fern. (6)
macrostachyum Naudin
H. roseum A.Braun & C.D.Bouché (1) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 3–5 m. Alt up to 105 m. S, KZN
MELIACEAE
AITONIA Thunb., illegitimate name 4168010 toona Roxb. ex Rottler & Willd. = Toona ciliata
capensis Thunb. = Nymania capensis EKEBERGIA Sparrm. 4193000
(1) White & Styles. 1963. FZ 2: 316–319.
*CEDRELA P.Browne 4155000 (2) White & Styles. 1986. FSA 18,3: 51–53.
(1) Pennington & Styles. 1975. Blumea 22: 512.
(2) White & Styles. 1986. FSA 18,3: 60.
capensis Sparrm.
E. meyeri C.Presl & C.DC. (1)
odorata L. Trichilia ekebergia E.Mey. ex Sond. (1)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 9–15 m. Alt ?–380 m. G, M, S, Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–18 m. Alt 5–2075 m. B, LIM, M,
KZN S, KZN, EC
DICOTYLEDONS MELASTOMATACEAE Dissotis

meyeri C.Presl & C.DC. = E. capensis (2) De Wilde. 1968. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen
68-2: 50.
pterophylla (C.DC.) Hofmeyr (3) White & Styles. 1986. FSA 18,3: 53–57.
dregeana Sond.
M, S, KZN, WC, EC
ENTANDROPHRAGMA C.DC. 4163000 KZN, EC
(1) White & Styles. 1963. FZ 2: 289–293. ekebergia E.Mey. ex Sond. = Ekebergia capensis
(2) White & Styles. 1986. FSA 18,3: 59–61. emetica Vahl subsp. emetica
(3) De Winter & Condy. 1999. Flowering Plants of Africa 56: 74–80, T. roka Chiov., illegitimate name (1)
t. 2153.
caudatum (Sprague) Sprague M, S, KZN
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–20(–30) m. Alt 60–662 m. N, B,
roka Chiov., illegitimate name = T. emetica subsp.
LIM, M, S, KZN
emetica
spicatum (C.DC.) Sprague
Wulfhorstia spicata C.DC. (1) TURRAEA L. 4171000
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–20(–30) m. Alt ?–335 m. N (1) White & Styles. 1963. FZ 2: 307–315.
*KHAYA A.Juss. 4159000 (3) Pennington & Styles. 1975. Blumea 22: 454–458.
(1) White & Styles. 1963. FZ 2: 287. (4) White & Styles. 1986. FSA 18,3: 41–49.
(2) White & Styles. 1986. FSA 18: 60. (5) White. 1988. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1962.
(3) Styles & White. 1991. FTEA Meliaceae: 46. (6) Williams. 1989. Bothalia 19: 31, 32.
anthotheca (Welw.) C.DC. floribunda Hochst.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–40 m. Alt 10–2000 m. LIM, M, T. heterophylla in sense of Sond., misapplied name (1)
KZN Perennial. Shrub, tree. Ht 1–9 m. Alt 5–915 m. S,
KZN, EC
*MELIA L. 4175000 heterophylla in sense of Sond., misapplied name = T.
(1) White & Styles. 1963. FZ 2: 315. floribunda
(2) White & Styles. 1986. FSA 18,3: 49–51.
nilotica Kotschy & Peyr.
azedarach L. T. randii Baker f. (1)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–30 m. Alt 10–2000 m. N, B, Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–6 m. Alt 425–1065 m.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC LIM, M, S
oblancifolia Bremek. = T. obtusifolia
NURMONIA Harms 4170010
obtusifolia Hochst.
pulchella Harms = Turraea pulchella T. oblancifolia Bremek. (1)
T. obtusifolia Hochst. var. microphylla C.DC. (1)
NYMANIA Lindb. 4168000 Perennial. Tree, shrub, climber. Ht 0.6–5 m. Alt
(1) Verdoorn. 1965. The Flowering Plants of Africa 37: t. 1454. 5–1405 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
(2) Pennington & Styles. 1975. Blumea 22: 460.
(3) White & Styles. 1986. FSA 18,3: 39–41.
obtusifolia Hochst. var. microphylla C.DC. = T. obtusi-
folia
capensis (Thunb.) Lindb.
Aitonia capensis Thunb. (2) pulchella (Harms) T.D.Penn.
Nurmonia pulchella Harms (3)
NC, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 305–365 m.
KZN, EC
PSEUDOBERSAMA Verdc. 4195010 randii Baker f. = T. nilotica
(1) White & Styles. 1963. FZ 2: 304, 305. streyi F.White & Styles
(2) White & Styles. 1986. FSA 18,3: 57–59.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht ± 0.75 m. Alt 50–200 m.
mossambicensis (Sim) Verdc. KZN
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3.5–12 m. Alt 10–500 m. KZN zambesica Sprague & Hutch.
*TOONA (Endl.) M.Roem. 4156000 Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–5 m. Alt ± 980 m. N, B
(1) Pennington & Styles. 1975. Blumea 22: 512, 513.
(2) White & Styles. 1986. FSA 18,3: 61.
WULFHORSTIA C.DC. 4162010
(3) Edmonds. 1995. Flora Malesiana 12: 358–371. spicata C.DC. = Entandrophragma spicatum
ciliata M.Roem.
Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Rottler & Willd. (1) XYLOCARPUS J.König 4167000
Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–12 m. Alt ?–750 m. M, KZN (1) Coates Palgrave. 2002. Keith Coates Palgrave Trees of southern
Africa, edn 3: 447.
TRICHILIA P.Browne 4195000 granatum J.König
(1) White & Styles. 1963. FZ 2: 297–304. Perennial. Tree. Ht ± 5 m. Alt 1–10 m. KZN
MELIACEAE Ekebergia DICOTYLEDONS

MELIANTHACEAE
BERSAMA Fresen. 4853000 Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 365–1400 m. EC

(1) Phillips. 1921. Bothalia 1: 33–39. dregeanus Sond. subsp. insignis (Kuntze) S.A.Tansley
(2) Verdcourt. 1955. Kew Bulletin 1955: 600, 601. M. comosus in sense of Burtt Davy, not of Vahl, misapplied name (3)
(3) White. 1966. FZ 2: 544–547. M. dregeanus Sond. var. insignis (Kuntze) E.Phillips & Hofmeyr (5)
(4) Van Wyk & Van Wyk. 1997. Field guide to trees of southern M. insignis Kuntze (5)
Africa: 468–471. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2.4 m. Alt 900–2000 m. M, FS,
lucens (Hochst.) Szyszyl. KZN
Natalia lucens Hochst. (1)
dregeanus Sond. var. insignis (Kuntze) E.Phillips &
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–9 m. Alt 5–1525 m. M, Hofmeyr = M. dregeanus subsp. insignis
S, KZN, EC
elongatus Wijnands
stayneri E.Phillips = B. tysoniana M. minor L., name rejected (6)
swinnyi E.Phillips Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 20–600 m. NC,
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–10 m. Alt 150–1405 m. KZN, WC
EC gariepinus Merxm. & Roessler = M. pectinatus subsp.
transvaalensis Turrill = B. tysoniana gariepinus
tysoniana Oliv. insignis Kuntze = M. dregeanus subsp. insignis
B. stayneri E.Phillips (2, 4)
B. transvaalensis Turrill (insufficiently known, 2)
major L.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 150–1980 m. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–2.4 m. Alt 25–1370 m. NC,
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC WC, EC
minor L., name rejected = M. elongatus
MELIANTHUS L. 4854000 pectinatus Harv. subsp. gariepinus (Merxm. & Roessler)
(1) Phillips & Hofmeyr. 1927. Bothalia 2: 351–355. S.A.Tansley
(2) Dyer. 1952. The Flowering Plants of Africa 29: t. 1140. M. gariepinus Merxm. & Roessler (5)
(3) Dyer. 1959. The Flowering Plants of Africa 33: t. 1310. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 250–660 m. N, NC
(4) Wijnands. 1983. Botany of the Commelins: 146.
(5) Tansley & Schelpe. 1984. Bothalia 15: 143–145. pectinatus Harv. subsp. pectinatus
(6) Brummitt. 1994. Taxon 43: 461. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 580–915 m. N,
(7) Archer & Condy. 1997. Flowering Plants of Africa 55: 82–85, t. 2135. NC
comosus in sense of Burtt Davy, not of Vahl, misapplied villosus Bolus
name = M. dregeanus subsp. insignis Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 1500–1980 m. FS, L,
comosus Vahl KZN
N, NW, G, M, FS, L, NC, WC, EC NATALIA Hochst. 4853010
dregeanus Sond. subsp. dregeanus lucens Hochst. = Bersama lucens
MENISPERMACEAE
ALBERTISIA Becc. 2619000 Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.3–1.8 m. Alt 750–1675 m. N,

(1) Forman. 1975. Kew Bulletin 30: 82–88. B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC
delagoensis (N.E.Br.) Forman burchelliana Miers ex Harv. = A. angustifolia
Epinetrum delagoense (N.E.Br.) Diels (1) capensis (L.f.) Diels = Cissampelos capensis
Synclisia delagoense N.E.Br. (1) capensis (L.f.) Diels var. pulverulenta (Harv.) Diels =
Perennial. Climber or shrub. Ht 0.2–2 m. Alt 0–150 m. Cissampelos capensis
KZN harveyana Miers ex Harv. = A. angustifolia
ANTIZOMA Miers 2573000 miersiana Harv.
(1) Botha. 1980. Journal of South African Botany 46: 1–5. Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 0.35–1.5 m. Alt 275–
1000 m. N, NC, WC
angustifolia (Burch.) Miers ex Harv.
A. burchelliana Miers ex Harv. (1)
A. harveyana Miers ex Harv. (1) CISSAMPELOS L. 2574000
Cissampelos angustifolius Burch. (1) (1) Troupin. 1960. FZ 1: 165–169.
DICOTYLEDONS MELIANTHACEAE Bersama

(2) Troupin. 1962. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences HYPSERPA Miers 2577010
d’Outre-Mer, Classe des sciences naturelles et médicales 13:
1–312. funifera Miers = Tiliacora funifera
(3) Botha. 1980. Journal of South African Botany 46: 1–5.
angustifolius Burch. = Antizoma angustifolia MENISPERMUM L. 2567000
capensis L.f. capense Thunb. = Cissampelos torulosa
Antizoma capensis (L.f.) Diels (3)
Antizoma capensis (L.f.) Diels var. pulverulenta (Harv.) Diels (3)
hirsutum L. = Cocculus hirsutus
C. fruticosa L.f. (3)
C. humilis Poir. (3) STEPHANIA Lour. 2572000
Perennial. Shrub, herb, climber. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt 0– (1) Troupin. 1960. FZ 1: 169–171.
1900 m. N, NC, WC, EC (2) Troupin. 1962. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences
fruticosa L.f. = C. capensis 1–312.
(3) Troupin & Gonçalves. 1973. Flora de Moçambique 7: 24–26.
hirta Klotzsch
C. tamnifolia Miers (2) abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. var. abyssinica
Perennial. Herb, climber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 0–50 m. Clypea abyssinica Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich. (1)
KZN Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 50–2100 m. LIM,
humilis Poir. = C. capensis M, KZN
macrostachya Klotzsch = C. mucronata abyssinica (Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich.) Walp. var. tomen-
tella (Oliv.) Diels
mucronata A.Rich. Cissampelos umbellata E.Mey. ex Miers (2)
C. macrostachya Klotzsch (2) S. hernandifolia (Willd.) Walp. var. tomentella Oliv. (3)
C. pareira L. var. mucronata (A.Rich.) Engl. (2) Perennial. Climber. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 5–1980 m. M, S,
Perennial. Climber. Ht 2–2.5 m. Alt 15–1850 m. N, B, FS, KZN, L, EC
LIM, M, S, KZN
hernandifolia (Willd.) Walp. var. tomentella Oliv. = S.
pareira L. var. mucronata (A.Rich.) Engl. = C. mucro- abyssinica var. tomentella
nata
tamnifolia Miers = C. hirta SYNCLISIA Benth. 2634000
torulosa E.Mey. ex Harv. delagoense N.E.Br. = Albertisia delagoensis
Menispermum capense Thunb. (2)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.3–15 m. Alt 0–1980 m. LIM, TILIACORA Colebr. 2577000
M, S, KZN (1) Troupin. 1960. FZ 1: 153–155.
(2) Troupin. 1962. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences
umbellata E.Mey. ex Miers = Stephania abyssinica var. d’Outre-Mer, Classe des sciences naturelles et médicales 13:
tomentella 1–312.
(3) Troupin & Gonçalves. 1973. Flora de Moçambique 7: 6–8.
CLYPEA Blume 2572010 funifera (Miers) Oliv.
abyssinica Quart.-Dill. & A.Rich. = Stephania abyssi- Hypserpa funifera Miers (2)
nica var. abyssinica Perennial. Climber. Height indefinite. Alt 0–750 m. M,
KZN
*COCCULUS DC. 2570000
(1) Troupin. 1960. FZ 1: 163–165.
TINOSPORA Miers 2583000
(2) Forman. 1974. Kew Bulletin 29: 477–481. (1) Troupin. 1960. FZ 1: 159–163.
(3) Ferguson. 1974. Kew Bulletin 29: 483–492. (2) Troupin. 1962. Mémoires de l’Académie Royale des Sciences
hirsutus (L.) Diels 1–312.
C. villosus DC. (1) (3) Troupin & Gonçalves. 1973. Flora de Moçambique 7: 13–16.
Menispermum hirsutum L. (1)
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1.5–15 m. Alt 50–1200 m. B, caffra (Miers) Troupin
Desmonema caffrum Miers (2)
N, LIM, M, S, KZN
Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 0–1200 m. B, M,
villosus DC. = C. hirsutus KZN
DESMONEMA Miers 2591000 fragosa (I.Verd.) I.Verd. & Troupin
Desmonema fragosum I.Verd. (2)
caffrum Miers = Tinospora caffra Perennial. Climber. Ht 2–4 m. Alt 300–1100 m. N, B,
fragosum I.Verd. = Tinospora fragosa LIM, M
stuhlmannii Engl. = T. tenera
tenerum (Miers) Diels = Tinospora tenera
tenera Miers
EPINETRUM Hiern 2643000 Desmonema tenerum (Miers) Diels (2)
T. stuhlmannii Engl. (2)
delagoense (N.E.Br.) Diels = Albertisia delagoensis Perennial. Climber. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 150–1050 m. M, S
MENISPERMACEAE Cissampelos DICOTYLEDONS

MENYANTHACEAE
NYMPHOIDES Ség. 6545000 Annual, occ. perennial. Hydrophyte. Length of stolons

(1) Marais & Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 242, 243. depending on depth of water. Alt 305–1100 m.
(2) Raynal. 1974. Adansonia 2,14(2): 227–270. N, B, KZN
(3) Raynal. 1974. Adansonia 2,14(3): 405–458.
(4) Cook. 1990. Aquatic plant book: 128.
thunbergiana (Griseb.) Kuntze
(5) Mackinder. 1990. FZ 7,4: 51–56. Perennial. Hydrophyte. Length of stolons ± 0.5 m. Alt
(6) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique 15–1600 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN,
tropicale 4: 356, 357. WC, EC
brevipedicellata (Vatke) A.Raynal
N. indica in sense of Marais & I.Verd. (5) VILLARSIA Vent. 6544000
Perennial. Hydrophyte. Length of stolons depending (1) Marais & Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 241, 242.
on depth of water. Alt up to 1750 m. N, B (2) Aston. 1969. Meulleria 2,1: 2–61.
(3) Cook. 1990. Aquatic plant book: 128.
forbesiana (Griseb.) Kuntze (4) Ornduff. 1999. Novon 9: 407–409.
Annual, occ. perennial. Hydrophyte. Length of stolons (5) Ornduff. 1999. Novon 11: 437–439.
depending on depth of water. Alt up to 2100 m. capensis (Houtt.) Merr.
KZN Annual, occ. perennial. Hydrophyte. Ht 0.05–1 m. Alt
indica in sense of Marais & I.Verd. = N. brevipedicel- 155–1065 m. WC, EC
lata goldblattiana Ornduff
indica (L.) Kuntze subsp. occidentalis A.Raynal Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.16–0.41 m. Alt 0–600 m. WC
Perennial. Hydrophyte. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 155–1650 m. manningiana Ornduff
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.12–0.67 m. Alt 244–1524 m.
rautanenii (N.E.Br.) A.Raynal WC
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE
Compiled by P. Chesselet, P.M. Burgoyne, C. Klak, H. Kurzweil, A.P. Dold, N.J. Griffin & G.F. Smith
ABRYANTHEMUM Neck. 2405162 duplessiae (L.Bolus) Glen = A. bellidiflorus

acinaciforme (L.) Rothm., illegitimate name = Carpo- leptophyllus (L.Bolus) Glen = A. subulatus
brotus acinaciformis parvifolius R.du Plessis
edule (L.) Rothm. = Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt up to 200 m. WC
ACRODON N.E.Br. 2405001 purpureostylus (L.Bolus) Burgoyne
Cerochlamys purpureostyla (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann (6)
(1) Glen. 1986. Bothalia 16: 212−218. Erepsia purpureostyla (L.Bolus) Schwantes (4)
(2) Hartmann. 1996. Bradleya 14: 29−34. Mesembryanthemum purpureostylum L.Bolus (3)
(3) Burgoyne. 1998. Aloe 35: 60, 61. Ruschia forficata in sense of L.Bolus in part, misapplied name (3)
(4) Hartmann. 1998. Bradleya 16: 48−56. Ruschia purpureostyla (L.Bolus) Bruyns (3)
(5) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74.
(6) Klak. 2000. Bothalia 30: 35−42.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 100–500 m.
(7) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- WC
ceae, A–E: 23–25. quarcicola H.E.K.Hartmann
bellidiflorus (L.) N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt up to 100 m.
A. bellidiflorus (L.) N.E.Br. var. striatus (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1) WC
A. bellidiflorus (L.) N.E.Br. var. viridis (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1)
A. duplessiae (L.Bolus) Glen (2) subulatus (Mill.) N.E.Br.
Ruschia constricta L.Bolus (2) A. leptophyllus (L.Bolus) Glen (2)
Ruschia duplessiae L.Bolus (2) Mesembryanthemum bellidiflorum L. var. subulatum (Mill.) Haw. (7)
Ruschia graminea H.Jacobsen (5) Ruschia leptophylla L.Bolus (7)
Ruschia longifolia L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 100–650 m.
Ruschia macrophylla L.Bolus (2) WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.05–0.12 m. Alt up to 300
m. WC
bellidiflorus (L.) N.E.Br. var. striatus (Haw.) N.E.Br. = AETHEPHYLLUM N.E.Br. 2405002
A. bellidiflorus (1) Ihlenfeldt & Struck. 1986. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 61:
411–453.
bellidiflorus (L.) N.E.Br. var. viridis (Haw.) N.E.Br. = (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
A. bellidiflorus Aizoaceae, A–E: 26, 27.
DICOTYLEDONS MENYANTHACEAE Nymphoides

pinnatifidum (L.f.) N.E.Br. AMPHIBOLIA L.Bolus ex 2405005

Annual. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 80–600 m. WC A.G.J.Herre
(1) Hartmann & Dehn. 1989. Bothalia 19: 179−182.
ALOINOPSIS Schwantes 2405003 (2) Hartmann. 1996. Bradleya 14: 29–56.
(1) Phillips. 1922. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 2: t. 73. (3) Hartmann. 1998. Bradleya 16: 47, 48.
(2) Bolus. 1947. The Flowering Plants of Africa 26: t. 1035. (4) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74.
(3) Bolus. 1958. Notes on Mesembryanthemum and allied genera, (5) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
part 3: 372−381. Aizoaceae, A–E: 37–39.
(4) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
ceae, A–E: 33–37.
gydouwensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop =
Lampranthus gydouwensis
acuta L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 80–600 hallii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop = Lampran-
m. NC thus amphibolius
hilmarii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Deilanthe hilmarii hutchinsonii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann = A. laevis
jamesii L.Bolus = A. rubrolineata laevis (Aiton) H.E.K.Hartmann
A. hutchinsonii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann (5)
lodewykii L.Bolus = A. luckhoffii A. maritima L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop, invalid name (3)
loganii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum hutchinsonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.03–0.06 m. Alt 700–1000 Mesembryanthemum laeve Aiton (5)
Mesembryanthemum pansifolium N.E.Br. (3)
m. WC Ruschia hutchinsonii L.Bolus (3)
luckhoffii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Ruschia maritima (L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop) G.D.Rowley (3)
A. lodewykii L.Bolus (4) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 5–100 m. NC,
A. setifera (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (4) WC
A. villetii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (4)
Titanopsis luckhoffii L.Bolus (4) littlewoodii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop =
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 700–900 Lampranthus mutatus
m. NC maritima L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop, invalid name =
malherbei (L.Bolus) L.Bolus A. laevis
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 1000– obscura H.E.K.Hartmann
1200 m. NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 110–490 m.
orpenii (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus = Prepodesma orpenii N, NC
peersii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Deilanthe peersii rupis-arcuatae (Dinter) H.E.K.Hartmann
rosulata (Kensit) Schwantes Mesembryanthemum namaquanum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (3)
Mesembryanthemum rupis-arcuatae Dinter (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.02–0.05 m. Alt 900–1200 Ruschia namaquana L.Bolus (4)
m. EC Ruschia rupis-arcuatae (Dinter) Friedrich (2)
rubrolineata (N.E.Br.) Schwantes Stoeberia rupis-arcuatae (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes (2)
A. jamesii L.Bolus (4) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 10–550 m. N,
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.04–0.07 m. Alt 600–1300 NC
m. EC saginata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
schooneesii L.Bolus Ruschia saginata L.Bolus (3)
A. schooneesii L.Bolus var. acutipetala L.Bolus (4) Ruschia stricta L.Bolus var. turgida L.Bolus (3)
A. schooneesii L.Bolus var. willowmorensis L.Bolus (4) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 750–1150 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 900–1200 N
m. EC staynerii L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop = Lampranthus
schooneesii L.Bolus var. acutipetala L.Bolus = A. dissimilis
schooneesii stayneri L.Bolus, illegitimate name = Lampranthus
schooneesii L.Bolus var. willowmorensis L.Bolus = A. dissimilis
schooneesii succulenta (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
setifera (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = A. luckhoffii Mesembryanthemum succulentum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (3)
Ruschia succulenta L.Bolus (3)
spathulata (Thunb.) L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum crassipes Marloth (4) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 50–460 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.02–0.04 m. Alt 1200– NC
1800 m. NC
thudichumii L.Bolus = Deilanthe thudichumii
ANISOCALYX L.Bolus 2405163
villetii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = A. luckhoffii salarius L.Bolus = Jacobsenia vaginata
vaginatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Jacobsenia vaginata
AMOEBOPHYLLUM N.E.Br. 2405004
angustum N.E.Br., illegitimate name = Phyllobolus roseus ANTEGIBBAEUM Schwantes 2405007
guerichianum (Pax) N.E.Br. = Mesembryanthemum ex C.Weber
guerichianum (1) Glen. 1974. A revision of the Gibbaeinae (Mesembryanthemaceae).
Unpublished M.Sc. thesis, University of Cape Town.
rangei N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus oculatus (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
roseum L.Bolus = Phyllobolus roseus Aizoaceae, A–E: 40, 41.
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Aethephyllum DICOTYLEDONS

fissoides (Haw.) Schwantes ex C.Weber brevicollis (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann

Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.05–0.08 m. Alt 300–700 m. Mesembryanthemum brevicolle N.E.Br. (6)
Ruschia brevicollis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (6)
WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.027 m. Alt 600–900
ANTIMIMA N.E.Br. emend. Dehn 2405129 m. WC
(1) Brown 1930. The Gardeners’ Chronicle 87: 32, 33. buchubergensis (Dinter) H.E.K.Hartmann
(2) Brown 1930. The Gardeners’ Chronicle 87: 211. Ruschia buchubergensis Dinter (6)
(3) Dehn. 1988. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Allgemeine Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 500–1000 m.
Botanik, Hamburg 22: 189–215. N
(4) Hartmann & Stüber. 1993. Contributions from the Bolus Her-
barium 15: 1–75. compacta (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
(5) Hartmann. 1996. Kakteen und andere Sukkulenten 47: 229–234. Ruschia compacta L.Bolus (6)
(6) Hartmann. 1998. Bothalia 28: 67–82. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt up to 1200
(7) Klak. 2000. Bothalia 30: 35–42. m. NC
(8) Chesselet. 2001. Aloe 38: 17.
(9) Chesselet & Smith. 2001. Bradleya 19: 121–123. compressa (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
(10) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Ruschia compressa L.Bolus (6)
Aizoaceae, A–E: 41–65. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt up to 1200
addita (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann m. NC
Ruschia addita L.Bolus (6) concinna (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.065 m, when in Mesembryanthemum comptum N.E.Br. (6)
Ruschia concinna L.Bolus (6)
flower. Alt 600–1200 m. NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 200–400 m.
alborubra (L.Bolus) Dehn WC
Ruschia alborubra L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.19 m. Alt 300–750 m. condensa (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum condensum N.E.Br. (6)
NC Ruschia condensa (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (6)
amoena (Schwantes) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 500–1100
Ruschia amoena Schwantes (6) m. WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt up to 1100 crassifolia (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
m. NC Ruschia crassifolia L.Bolus (6)
androsacea (Marloth & Schwantes) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 400–700 m.
Mesembryanthemum androsaceum Marloth, naked name (6) NC
Mesembryanthemum androsaceum (Schwantes) N.E.Br. (6)
Ruschia androsacea Marloth & Schwantes (6) dasyphylla (Schltr.) H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia androsacea Marloth & Schwantes, naked name (6) Mesembryanthemum ciliolatum N.E.Br. (6)
Mesembryanthemum dasyphyllum Schltr. (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 1200–1800 Ruschia concava L.Bolus (6)
m. NC Ruschia dasyphylla (Schltr.) Schwantes (6)
argentea (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 600–1800 m.
Ruschia argentea L.Bolus (6) WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 20–400 m. N defecta (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
aristulata (Sond.) Chesselet & G.F.Sm. Ruschia defecta L.Bolus (6)
Mesembryanthemum aristulatum Sond. (9) Ruschia deflecta L.Bolus (6)
Ruschia aristulata (Sond.) Schwantes (9) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.13 m. Alt up to 1200
Ruschia pulchella (Haw.) Schwantes var. caespitosa L.Bolus (9) m. NC
m. WC dekenahi (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum dekenahi N.E.Br. (6)
aurasensis H.E.K.Hartmann Ruschia dekenahi (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 300–900 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1200–1800
N m. NC
biformis (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann distans (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum biforme N.E.Br. (6) Mesembryanthemum distans L.Bolus (6)
Ruschia biformis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (6) Ruschia distans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.025 m. Alt 190–300 Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 300–1600 m.
m. WC NC, WC
bina (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann dolomitica (Dinter) H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia bina L.Bolus (6) Corpuscularia dolomitica (Dinter) Schwantes (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt 200–850 m. Mesembryanthemum dolomiticum Dinter (6)
Ruschia dolomitica (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes (6)
WC
bracteata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann N
Ruschia bracteata L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 50–400 m. dualis (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
Argyroderma duale (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (6)
NC Mesembryanthemum duale N.E.Br. (3)
brevicarpa (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Ruschia dualis (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus (3)
Ruschia brevicarpa L.Bolus (6) Ruschia villetii L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 300–2000 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 50–400 m.
WC NC, WC
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Antegibbaeum

eendornensis (Dinter) H.E.K.Hartmann herrei (Schwantes) H.E.K.Hartmann

Mesembryanthemum eendornense Dinter (6) Mesembryanthemum herrei (Schwantes) N.E.Br. (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 800–1000 m. Ruschia herrei Schwantes (6)
N Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.16 m. Alt 1000–1900
elevata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann m. WC
Ruschia elevata L.Bolus (6) insidens (L.Bolus) Chesselet
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt up to 1200 Mesembryanthemum insidens (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (8)
m. NC Ruschia insidens L.Bolus (8)
emarcescens (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia emarcescens L.Bolus (6) NC
Ruschia emarcidens L.Bolus ex Jacobsen (6) intervallaris (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.21–0.23 m. Alt 1200–1400 Ruschia intervallaris L.Bolus (6)
m. NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 200–400 m.
erosa (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann WC
Ruschia erosa L.Bolus (6) ivori (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 500–800 m. Mesembryanthemum ivori N.E.Br. (6)
WC Ruschia ivori (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (6)
evoluta (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 900–1800
Mesembryanthemum evolutum N.E.Br. (6) m. NC
Ruschia evoluta (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus (6) karroidea (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 200–400 m. Ruschia karroidea L.Bolus (6)
NC, WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 800–1100
excedens (L.Bolus) Klak m. WC
Ruschia excedens L.Bolus (7)
klaverensis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.024 m. Alt 200–400 Mesembryanthemum klaverense L.Bolus (6)
m. WC Ruschia klaverensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes (6)
exsurgens (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 200–400 m.
Ruschia exsurgens L.Bolus (6) NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 300–850 m. koekenaapensis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
NC, WC Ruschia koekenaapensis L.Bolus (6)
fenestrata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 200–400 m.
Ruschia fenestrata L.Bolus (6) NC, WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 200–400 m. komkansica (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
WC Ruschia komkansica L.Bolus (6)
fergusoniae (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 300–500 m.
Mesembryanthemum fergusoniae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6) NC
Ruschia fergusoniae L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 200–1000 lawsonii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum lawsonii L.Bolus (6)
m. WC Ruschia lawsonii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (6)
gracillima (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 1300–1600
Ruschia gracillima L.Bolus (6) m. NC
m. NC leipoldtii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum leipoldtii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6)
granitica (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Ruschia leipoldtii L.Bolus (6)
Mesembryanthemum graniticum L.Bolus (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 800–1100 m.
Ruschia granitica (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (6)
WC
NC leucanthera (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum leucantherum L.Bolus (6)
hallii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Ruschia leucanthera (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (6)
Ruschia hallii L.Bolus (6)
NC m. WC
hamatilis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann limbata (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum hamatile (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6) Mesembryanthemum limbatum N.E.Br. (6)
Ruschia hamatilis L.Bolus (6) Ruschia limbata (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (6)
WC WC
hantamensis (Engl.) H.E.K.Hartmann & Stüber lodewykii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Eberlanzia disarticulata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (4) Ruschia lodewykii L.Bolus (6)
Eberlanzia stellata L.Bolus, naked name (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 200–400 m.
Mesembryanthemum hantamense Engl. (4) NC, WC
Mesembryanthemum stellans (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6)
Ruschia disarticulata L.Bolus (4) loganii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia stellata L.Bolus (6) Ruschia loganii L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 600–1800 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 400–1100 m.
NC, WC WC
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Antimima DICOTYLEDONS

lokenbergensis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann nordenstamii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann

Ruschia lokenbergensis L.Bolus (6) Ruschia nordenstamii L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.45 m. Alt 800–1500 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 200–400 m. WC
NC oviformis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
longipes (L.Bolus) Dehn Ruschia oviformis L.Bolus (6)
Mesembryanthemum longipes (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.06 m. Alt 100–300 m. NC
Ruschia longipes L.Bolus (3) papillata (Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt up to 1200 m. Ruschia meyeri Schwantes (6)
NC Ruschia papillata L.Bolus (6)
luckhoffii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 300–1200 m.
Ruschia luckhoffii L.Bolus (6) NC, WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 500–700 m. paucifolia (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
WC Ruschia paucifolia L.Bolus (6)
maleolens (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum maleolens (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6) NC, WC
Ruschia maleolens L.Bolus (6) pauper (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.12–0.25 m. Alt 50–300 m. Ruschia pauper L.Bolus (6)
NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.35 m. Alt up to 1100 m.
maxwellii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann NC
Mesembryanthemum maxwellii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6) peersii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia maxwellii L.Bolus (6) Mesembryanthemum formosulum N.E.Br. (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.06–0.2 m. Alt 900–1400 m. Ruschia peersii L.Bolus (6)
EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 200–800 m.
WC
menniei (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia menniei L.Bolus (6) perforata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 200–400 m. Mesembryanthemum perforatum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6)
Ruschia paripetala (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. occultans L.Bolus (6)
WC Ruschia perforata L.Bolus (6)
mesklipensis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 50–200 m. N
Ruschia mesklipensis L.Bolus (6)
persistens (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 300–1200 m. NC Ruschia persistens L.Bolus (1963), not of L.Bolus (1932), illegiti-
meyerae (Schwantes) H.E.K.Hartmann mate name (6)
Ruschia meyerae Schwantes (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.07–0.15 m. Alt 300–800
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt up to 1200 m. WC
m. NC pilosula (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
microphylla (Haw.) Dehn Ruschia pilosula L.Bolus (6)
Mesembryanthemum microphyllum Haw. (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.24 m. Alt 200–600 m. NC
Ruschia microphylla (Haw.) Schwantes (3)
piscodora (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 300–1800 m. Ruschia piscodora L.Bolus (6)
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.54 m. Alt 800–1800 m.
minima (Tischer) H.E.K.Hartmann NC, WC
Cheiridopsis minima Tischer (6)
prolongata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.05–0.06 m. Alt up to 1200 Ruschia prolongata L.Bolus (6)
m. NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 400–1600 m. NC
minutifolia (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann propinqua (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia minutifolia L.Bolus (6) Mesembryanthemum propinquum N.E.Br. (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.08–0.15 m. Alt 300–900 Ruschia propinqua (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (6)
m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.027 m. Alt 500–800 m.
modesta (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann WC
Ruschia modesta L.Bolus forma glabrescens L.Bolus (6)
Ruschia modesta L.Bolus forma modesta (6) prostrata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum prostratum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 50–300 m. N Ruschia prostrata L.Bolus (6)
mucronata (Haw.) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 100–500 m.
Mesembryanthemum mucronatum Haw. (6) WC
Ruschia mathewsii L.Bolus (6)
Ruschia mucronata (Haw.) Schwantes (6) pumila (Fedde & K.Schust.) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.04 m. Alt 180–300 m. Mesembryanthemum levynsiae L.Bolus (6)
Mesembryanthemum pumilum L.Bolus (6)
WC Mesembryanthemum pumilum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br., illegitimate name (6)
mutica (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Ruschia levynsiae (L.Bolus) Schwantes (6)
Mesembryanthemum muticum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6) Ruschia pumila L.Bolus (6)
Ruschia mutica L.Bolus (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 300–600 m. WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.12 m. Alt 300–600 m. pusilla (Schwantes) H.E.K.Hartmann
WC Mesembryanthemum parvum N.E.Br. (6)
nobilis (Schwantes) H.E.K.Hartmann Ruschia pusilla Schwantes (6)
Ruschia nobilis Schwantes (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.075 m. Alt up to 1000 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 200–900 m. NC NC
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Antimima

pygmaea (Haw.) H.E.K.Hartmann turneriana (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann

Mesembryanthemum pygmaeum Haw. (6) Ruschia turneriana L.Bolus (6)
Ruschia pygmaea (Haw.) Schwantes (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.02–0.04 m. Alt 200–400 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 300–1100 m. WC
WC vanzylii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
quarzitica (Dinter) H.E.K.Hartmann Ruschia vanzylii L.Bolus (6)
Corpuscularia quarzitica (Dinter) Schwantes (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 800–950 m. NC
Mesembryanthemum quarziticum Dinter (6)
Ruschia quarzitica (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes (6) varians (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia varians L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 50–400 m. N
roseola (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann NC
Mesembryanthemum roseolum N.E.Br. (6)
Ruschia roseola (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (6) ventricosa (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 200–800 m. WC Cheiridopsis ventricosa (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6)
Mesembryanthemum ventricosum L.Bolus (6)
saturata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Ruschia ventricosa (L.Bolus) Schwantes (6)
Mesembryanthemum atrocinctum N.E.Br. (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 300–600 m. WC
Ruschia saturata L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.12 m. Alt 200–800 m. verruculosa (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum verruculosum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6)
WC Ruschia verruculosa L.Bolus (6)
saxicola (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.07 m. Alt 200–400 m.
Mesembryanthemum saxicolum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6) WC
Ruschia saxicola L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.7 m. Alt 1400–1600 m. virgata (Haw.) Dehn = Ruschia virgata
FS watermeyeri (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia obtusifolia L.Bolus (6)
schlechteri (Schwantes) H.E.K.Hartmann Ruschia stenopetala L.Bolus (6)
Mesembryanthemum schlechteri (Schwantes) N.E.Br. (6)
Ruschia watermeyeri L.Bolus (6)
Ruschia schlechteri Schwantes (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.05−0.1 m. Alt ± 1200 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 200–300 m. WC
NC wittebergensis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum wittebergense L.Bolus (6)
simulans (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Ruschia wittebergensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes (6)
Ruschia simulans L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.025–0.05 m. Alt 800–
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 200–400 m. 1100 m. WC
WC
sobrina (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann ANYSOCALYX L.Bolus 2405006
Mesembryanthemum sobrinum N.E.Br. (6)
Ruschia sobrina (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (6) vaginatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Jacobsenia vaginata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.027 m. Alt 200–300 m. APATESIA N.E.Br. 2405008
WC
(1) Ihlenfeldt & Gerbaulet. 1990. Botanische Jahrbücher 111: 457−498.
solida (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
Mesembryanthemum solidum L.Bolus (6) Aizoaceae, A–E: 65, 66.
Ruschia solida (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. solida (6)
Ruschia solida (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. stigmatosa L.Bolus (6) helianthoides (Aiton) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 100–400 m. Annual. Succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m, when in flower. Alt
WC 170–900 m. WC
stayneri (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann maughanii N.E.Br. = A. sabulosa
Ruschia stayneri L.Bolus (6) pillansii N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 900–1600 m. NC Annual. Succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m, when in flower. Alt
stokoei (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann 20–200 m. WC
Ruschia stokoei L.Bolus (6)
sabulosa (Thunb.) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 400–600 m. A. maughanii N.E.Br. (1)
WC Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m, when in flower. Alt
subtruncata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann 300–600 m. WC
Ruschia subtruncata L.Bolus var. minor L.Bolus (6)
Ruschia subtruncata L.Bolus var. subtruncata (6) APTENIA N.E.Br. 2405009
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 700–900 m. NC (1) Gerbaulet. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent
plants. Aizoaceae, A–E: 66–68.
triquetra (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum triquetrum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (6) cordifolia (L.f.) Schwantes
Ruschia triquetra L.Bolus (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 20–800 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 300–600 m. KZN, EC
NC, WC geniculiflora (L.) Bittrich ex Gerbaulet
tuberculosa (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Psilocaulon melanospermum (A.Berger) N.E.Br. (1)
Mesembryanthemum enorme N.E.Br. (6) Sphalmanthus decussatus (Thunb.) L.Bolus (1)
Ruschia tuberculosa L.Bolus (6) Sphalmanthus geniculiflorus (L.) L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 300–600 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.45 m. Alt 800–1800 m.
WC N, NC, EC
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Antimima DICOTYLEDONS

haeckeliana (A.Berger) Bittrich ex Gerbaulet Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.04 m. Alt 120–400 m.

Platythyra haeckeliana (A.Berger) N.E.Br. (1) WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 50–500 m. EC
crateriforme (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
lancifolia L.Bolus A. pulvinare L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 900–1100 m. A. subrotundum L.Bolus (6)
LIM Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.03 m. Alt 120–400 m.
WC
ARENIFERA A.G.J.Herre 2405010 cuneatipetalum L.Bolus in part = A. delaetii
(1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 280A. cuneatipetalum L.Bolus in part = A. pearsonii
(2) Hartmann & Stüber. 1993. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium
15: 1–75. delaetii C.A.Maass
(3) Hartmann. 1996. Bradleya 14: 35–38. A. aureum L.Bolus (6)
(4) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- A. australe L.Bolus (6)
ceae, A–E: 68–70. A. blandum L.Bolus (6)
A. boreale L.Bolus (6)
pillansii (L.Bolus) A.G.J.Herre A. brevitubum L.Bolus (6)
Psammophora pillansii L.Bolus (3) A. carinatum L.Bolus in part (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt up to 1000 m. A. citrinum L.Bolus (6)
NC A. concinnum Schwantes (6)
A. cuneatipetalum L.Bolus in part (6)
pungens H.E.K.Hartmann A. delaetii C.A.Maass var. purpureum C.A.Maass (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 800–1500 m. A. densipetalum L.Bolus (6)
NC A. formosum L.Bolus (6)
A. gregarium L.Bolus (6)
spinescens (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann A. latifolium L.Bolus (6)
Ruschia spinescens L.Bolus (3) A. lesliei R.Br. (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 300–1100 m. A. leucanthum L.Bolus (6)
WC A. longipes L.Bolus (6)
A. planum L.Bolus (6)
stylosa (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann A. productum L.Bolus (6)
Eberlanzia armata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (3) A. reniforme L.Bolus (6)
Eberlanzia stylosa (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (3) A. rooipanense L.Bolus in part (6)
Ruschia armata L.Bolus (3) A. roseum Schwantes var. delaetii G.D.Rowley (6)
Ruschia stylosa L.Bolus (3) A. roseum Schwantes var. roseum (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt up to 1200 m. A. schuldtii Schwantes (6)
NC A. speciosum L.Bolus (6)
A. splendens L.Bolus (6)
ARGYRODERMA N.E.Br. 2405011 WC
(1) Brown. 1922. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 2: t. 78.
(2) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 268. delaetii C.A.Maass var. purpureum C.A.Maass = A.
(3) Maass. 1927. In Schwantes, Zeitschrift für Sukkulentenkunde 3: delaetii
294, 295.
(4) Bolus. 1949. The Flowering Plants of Africa 27: t. 1057. densipetalum L.Bolus = A. delaetii
(5) Hartmann. 1973. The National Cactus and Succulent Journal 28: digitifolium (N.E.Br.) Schwantes ex L.Bolus = A. fis-
48–50. sum
(6) Hartmann. 1977. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Allgemeine
Botanik, Hamburg 15: 121–235. duale (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = Antimima dualis
(7) Van Jaarsveld. 1997. Aloe 34: 12, 13.
(8) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- fissum (Haw.) L.Bolus
A. braunsii (Schwantes) Schwantes (6)
ceae, A–E: 70–75.
A. brevipes (Schltr.) L.Bolus (6)
amoenum Schwantes = A. pearsonii A. digitifolium (N.E.Br.) Schwantes ex L.Bolus (6)
angustipetalum L.Bolus = A. congregatum A. hutchinsonii L.Bolus (6)
A. latipetalum L.Bolus var. latipetalum (6)
aureum L.Bolus = A. delaetii A. latipetalum L.Bolus var. longitubum L.Bolus (6)
australe L.Bolus = A. delaetii A. litorale L.Bolus (6)
A. orientale L.Bolus (6)
blandum L.Bolus = A. delaetii Mesembryanthemum socium N.E.Br. (6)
boreale L.Bolus = A. delaetii Roodia digitifolia N.E.Br. (5)
Ruschia socia (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (6)
braunsii (Schwantes) Schwantes = A. fissum
brevipes (Schltr.) L.Bolus = A. fissum
formosum L.Bolus = A. delaetii
brevitubum L.Bolus = A. delaetii
framesii in sense of L.Bolus (1929), not of L.Bolus
carinatum L.Bolus in part = A. delaetii (1934) = A. pearsonii
carinatum L.Bolus in part = A. testiculare
framesii L.Bolus subsp. framesii
citrinum L.Bolus = A. delaetii A. framesii L.Bolus var. minus L.Bolus (6)
concinnum Schwantes = A. delaetii Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.03 m. Alt 120–400 m.
congregatum L.Bolus WC
A. angustipetalum L.Bolus (6) framesii L.Bolus subsp. hallii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hart-
A. jacobsenianum Schwantes (6)
A. nortieri L.Bolus (6) mann
A. peersii L.Bolus (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.04 m. Alt 120–400 m.
A. rooipanense L.Bolus in part (6) WC
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Aptenia

framesii L.Bolus var. minus L.Bolus = A. framesii villetii L.Bolus = A. subalbum

subsp. framesii
gregarium L.Bolus = A. delaetii
ARIDARIA N.E.Br. 2405012
(1) Bolus. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 258.
hutchinsonii L.Bolus = A. fissum (2) Gerbaulet. 1996. Botanische Jahrbücher 118: 41–58.
(3) Gerbaulet. 1997. Botanische Jahrbücher 119: 145–211.
jacobsenianum Schwantes = A. congregatum (4) Gerbaulet. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent
latifolium L.Bolus = A. delaetii plants. Aizoaceae, A–E: 75–80.
latipetalum L.Bolus var. latipetalum = A. fissum abbreviata L.Bolus = Phyllobolus abbreviatus

latipetalum L.Bolus var. longitubum L.Bolus = A. fissum acuminata (Haw.) Schwantes = Phyllobolus splendens
subsp. splendens
lesliei R.Br. = A. delaetii
albertensis L.Bolus = Phyllobolus pumilus
leucanthum L.Bolus = A. delaetii albicaulis (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus splendens
litorale L.Bolus = A. fissum subsp. splendens
longipes L.Bolus = A. delaetii anguinea L.Bolus = Phyllobolus oculatus
luckoffii L.Bolus = A. pearsonii arcuata L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. noctiflora
nortieri L.Bolus = A. congregatum arenicola L.Bolus = Phyllobolus oculatus
orientale L.Bolus = A. fissum aurea (Thunb.) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus nitidus
ovale L.Bolus = A. pearsonii ausana (Dinter & A.Berger) Dinter & Schwantes =
Prenia tetragona
patens L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 120–250 m. barkerae L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. defoliata
WC beaufortensis L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. straminea
pearsonii (N.E.Br.) Schwantes bijliae N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splen-
A. amoenum Schwantes (5) dens
A. cuneatipetalum L.Bolus in part (6) blanda L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splen-
A. framesii in sense of L.Bolus (1929), not of L.Bolus (1934) (6)
A. luckoffii L.Bolus (6) dens
A. ovale L.Bolus (6) brevicarpa L.Bolus
A. schlechteri Schwantes (6) A. intricata L.Bolus (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 120–400 m. A. klaverensis L.Bolus (2)
A. meyeri L.Bolus (2)
WC Nycteranthus brevicarpus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
peersii L.Bolus = A. congregatum Nycteranthus intricatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
Nycteranthus meyeri (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
planum L.Bolus = A. delaetii
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 1 m. Alt ± 1200 m. NC, WC
productum L.Bolus = A. delaetii brevifolia L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
pulvinare L.Bolus = A. crateriforme splendens
reniforme L.Bolus = A. delaetii brevisepala L.Bolus = Phyllobolus spinuliferus
ringens L.Bolus calycina L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. noctiflora
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.07 m. Alt 120–400 m. canaliculata (Haw.) Friedrich = Phyllobolus canalicu-
WC latus
rooipanense L.Bolus in part = A. congregatum caudata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus caudatus
rooipanense L.Bolus in part = A. delaetii celans L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splen-
roseum Schwantes forma delaetii G.D.Rowley = A. dens
delaetii compacta L.Bolus = A. serotina
roseum Schwantes forma roseum = A. delaetii congesta L.Bolus = Phyllobolus congestus
schlechteri Schwantes = A. pearsonii constricta L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
schuldtii Schwantes = A. delaetii splendens
speciosum L.Bolus = A. delaetii debilis L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. noctiflora
splendens L.Bolus = A. delaetii decidua L.Bolus = Phyllobolus deciduus
subalbum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. decurvata L.Bolus = Phyllobolus decurvatus
A. villetii L.Bolus (5)
defoliata (Haw.) Schwantes = A. noctiflora subsp.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 120–400 m. defoliata
WC
dejagerae L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. straminea
subrotundum L.Bolus = A. crateriforme dela (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus delus
testiculare (Aiton) N.E.Br. dinteri L.Bolus, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus
A. carinatum L.Bolus in part (6)
melanospermus
WC dyeri L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
theartii Van Jaarsv. ebracteata N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus trichotomus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.04 m. Alt 450–590 m. ebracteata N.E.Br. var. brevipetala L.Bolus = Phyllo-
WC bolus trichotomus
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Argyroderma DICOTYLEDONS

elongata L.Bolus = Phyllobolus prasinus A. barkerae L.Bolus (2)

A. defoliata (Haw.) Schwantes (2)
englishiae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Prenia englishiae A. horizontalis (Haw.) Schwantes (2)
esterhuyseniae L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. stra- A. longisepala L.Bolus (2)
A. meridiana L.Bolus (2)
minea A. muirii N.E.Br. (2)
fastigiata (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyl- Mesembryanthemum defoliatum Haw. (2)
lobolus splendens subsp. splendens Mesembryanthemum horizontale Haw. (2)
Nycteranthus defoliatus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
flexuosa (Haw.) Schwantes = Phyllobolus splendens Nycteranthus horizontalis (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
subsp. splendens Nycteranthus longisepalus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
Nycteranthus meridianus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
floribunda L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. noctiflora Nycteranthus muirii (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
fourcadei L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. Peratetracoilanthus defoliatus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid
splendens name (2)
Sphalmanthus defoliatus (Haw.) L.Bolus (4)
fragilis (N.E.Br.) Friedrich = Phyllobolus oculatus Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 500–1000 m. NC,
framesii L.Bolus = Phyllobolus spinuliferus WC, EC
fulva (Haw.) Schwantes = A. noctiflora subsp. straminea noctiflora (L.) Schwantes subsp. noctiflora
A. arcuata L.Bolus (2)
gibbosa L.Bolus, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus spinu- A. calycina L.Bolus (2)
liferus A. debilis L.Bolus (2)
glandulifera L.Bolus = Phyllobolus sinuosus A. floribunda L.Bolus (2)
A. leipoldtii L.Bolus (2)
globosa L.Bolus = A. serotina A. nevillei L.Bolus (2)
A. pillansii L.Bolus (2)
godmaniae L.Bolus = Phyllobolus sinuosus Mesembryanthemum lindequistii Engl. (2)
gracilis L.Bolus = A. serotina Mesembryanthemum noctiflorum L. var. elatum Haw. (2)
Mesembryanthemum noctiflorum L. var. noctiflorum (2)
gratiae L.Bolus = Phyllobolus grossus Mesembryanthemum noctiflorum L. var. phoeniceum Haw., illegiti-
grossa (Aiton) Friedrich = Phyllobolus grossus mate name (2)
Nycteranthus arcuatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
herbertii (N.E.Br.) Friedrich = Phyllobolus herbertii Nycteranthus calycinus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
horizontalis (Haw.) Schwantes = A. noctiflora subsp. Nycteranthus debilis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
Nycteranthus floribundus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
defoliata Nycteranthus noctiflorus (L.) Rothm., illegitimate name (2)
inaequalis L.Bolus = Phyllobolus nitidus Peratetracoilanthus noctiflorus (L.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid
name (2)
intricata L.Bolus = A. brevicarpa Phyllobolus noctiflorus (L.) Bittrich (2)
klaverensis L.Bolus = A. brevicarpa Psilocaulon lindequistii (Engl.) Schwantes (2)
latipetala L.Bolus = Phyllobolus latipetalus Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 120–900 m. N,
NC, WC
laxa L.Bolus = Phyllobolus decurvatus
noctiflora (L.) Schwantes subsp. straminea (Haw.)
laxipetala L.Bolus = Phyllobolus grossus Gerbaulet
leipoldtii L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. noctiflora A. beaufortensis L.Bolus (2)
A. dejagerae L.Bolus (2)
leptopetala L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. A. esterhuyseniae L.Bolus (2)
splendens A. fulva (Haw.) Schwantes (2)
A. littlewoodii L.Bolus (2)
lignea L.Bolus = Phyllobolus melanospermus A. noctiflora (L.) Schwantes var. fulva (Haw.) A.G.J.Herre &
littlewoodii L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. straminea Friedrich (4)
A. straminea (Haw.) Schwantes (2)
longisepala L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. defoliata A. subtruncata L.Bolus (2)
longispinula (Haw.) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus grossus Mesembryanthemum fulvum Haw. (2)
Mesembryanthemum noctiflorum L. var. fulvum (Haw.) Salm-Dyck (2)
longituba L.Bolus = Phyllobolus tenuiflorus Mesembryanthemum noctiflorum L. var. stramineum (Haw.) Haw. (2)
luteoalba L.Bolus = Prenia tetragona Mesembryanthemum stramineum Haw. (2)
Nycteranthus dejagerae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
macrosiphon L.Bolus = Phyllobolus tenuiflorus Nycteranthus esterhuyseniae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate
meridiana L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. defoliata name (2)
Nycteranthus fulvus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
meyeri L.Bolus = A. brevicarpa Nycteranthus stramineus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
Nycteranthus subtruncatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
muirii N.E.Br. = A. noctiflora subsp. defoliata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 1 m. Alt 800–1800 m. N,
multiseriata L.Bolus = Phyllobolus prasinus NC, WC, EC
mutans L.Bolus = Prenia tetragona noctiflora (L.) Schwantes var. fulva (Haw.) A.G.J.Herre
nevillei L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. noctiflora & Friedrich = A. noctiflora subsp. straminea
nitida (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus nitidus obtusa L.Bolus = Phyllobolus decurvatus
nocta (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. oculata (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus oculatus
splendens odorata (L.Bolus) Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen = Hereroa
noctiflora (L.) Schwantes subsp. defoliata (Haw.) odorata
Gerbaulet oubergensis L.Bolus = Phyllobolus pumilus
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Aridaria

ovalis L.Bolus = A. serotina straminea (Haw.) Schwantes = A. noctiflora subsp.

parvisepala L.Bolus = Phyllobolus spinuliferus straminea
paucandra L.Bolus var. gracillima L.Bolus = A. serotina straminea L.Bolus = Phyllobolus sinuosus
paucandra L.Bolus var. paucandra = A. serotina straminicolor L.Bolus = Phyllobolus sinuosus
peersii L.Bolus = Phyllobolus tenuiflorus striata L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splen-
pentagona L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. dens
pentagonus stricta L.Bolus = Phyllobolus spinuliferus
pentagona L.Bolus var. occidentalis L.Bolus = Phyllo- subaequans L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
bolus splendens subsp. pentagonus pentagonus
pillansii L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. noctiflora subpatens L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
platysepala L.Bolus = Phyllobolus grossus pentagonus
plenifolia (N.E.Br.) Stearn = Phyllobolus splendens subpetiolata L.Bolus = Phyllobolus grossus
subsp. splendens subtruncata L.Bolus = A. noctiflora subsp. straminea
pomonae L.Bolus = Phyllobolus oculatus suffusa L.Bolus = Prenia tetragona
prasina L.Bolus = Phyllobolus prasinus sulcata (Haw.) Schwantes = Phyllobolus splendens
subsp. splendens
primulina L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
splendens tenuifolia L.Bolus var. speciosa (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = A.
serotina
pumila L.Bolus = Phyllobolus pumilus
tenuifolia L.Bolus var. tenuifolia = A. serotina
quartzitica L.Bolus = Phyllobolus quartziticus
tetragona (Thunb.) L.Bolus = Prenia tetragona
quaterna L.Bolus = Phyllobolus spinuliferus tetramera L.Bolus var. parviflora L.Bolus = Phyllo-
rabiei L.Bolus = Phyllobolus rabiei bolus trichotomus
rabiesbergensis L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens tetramera L.Bolus var. tetramera = Phyllobolus tri-
subsp. splendens chotomus
radicans L.Bolus = Prenia radicans trichosantha (A.Berger) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus viridi-
rangei (N.E.Br.) Friedrich = Phyllobolus oculatus florus
recurva L.Bolus = Phyllobolus sinuosus trichotoma (Thunb.) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus trichoto-
mus
reflexa (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
umbelliflora (Jacq.) Schwantes = Phyllobolus splen-
splendens
dens subsp. splendens
resurgens (Kensit) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus resurgens varians L.Bolus = Phyllobolus oculatus
rhodandra L.Bolus = Phyllobolus nitidus vernalis L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
rosea L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splen- splendens
dens vespertina L.Bolus
saturata L.Bolus = Phyllobolus saturatus Nycteranthus vespertinus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
scintillans (Dinter) Friedrich = Phyllobolus oculatus Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 20–300 m. NC
viridiflora (Aiton) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus viridiflorus
serotina L.Bolus
A. compacta L.Bolus (2) watermeyeri L.Bolus = Phyllobolus spinuliferus
A. globosa L.Bolus (2) willowmorensis L.Bolus = Phyllobolus grossus
A. gracilis L.Bolus (2)
A. ovalis L.Bolus (2)
A. paucandra L.Bolus var. gracillima L.Bolus (2)
ASPAZOMA N.E.Br. 2405013
A. paucandra L.Bolus var. paucandra (2) (1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
A. tenuifolia L.Bolus var. speciosa (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (4) ceae, A–E: 80, 81.
A. tenuifolia L.Bolus var. tenuifolia (2) amplectens (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
Nycteranthus compactus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 50–1200 m. NC
Nycteranthus globosus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
Nycteranthus gracilis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2)
Nycteranthus ovalis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2) ASTRIDIA Dinter 2405014
Nycteranthus paucandrus L.Bolus var. gracillima (L.Bolus) (1) Phillips. 1930. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 10: t. 397.
Schwantes, illegitimate name (2) (2) Glen. 1984. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: t. 1894.
Nycteranthus paucandrus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. paucandrus, (3) Glen. 1985. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: t. 1917.
illegitimate name (2) (4) Glen. 1986. Bothalia 16: 206−212.
Nycteranthus serotinus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (2) (5) Glen. 1988. The Flowering Plants of Africa 50: t. 1970.
Nycteranthus tenuifolius (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. speciosa (6) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74.
L.Bolus, illegitimate name (2) (7) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
Nycteranthus tenuifolius (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. tenuifolius, ille- Aizoaceae, A–E: 81–84.
gitimate name (2)
alba (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 100–1200 m. N, A. rubra (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. alba (7)
NC, WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 300–1100 m.
spinulifera (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus spinuliferus N, NC
splendens (L.) Schwantes = Phyllobolus splendens blanda L.Bolus var. angusta L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen,
subsp. splendens invalid name = A. velutina
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Aridaria DICOTYLEDONS

blanda L.Bolus var. blanda = A. velutina BERGERANTHUS Schwantes 2405015

blanda L.Bolus var. latipetala L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen, (1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizo-
invalid name = A. velutina ceae, A–E: 84–86.
citrina (L.Bolus) L.Bolus addoensis L.Bolus = B. multiceps
A. rubra (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. citrina L.Bolus (7)
artus L.Bolus = B. multiceps
300–1100 m. N concavus L.Bolus
B. katbergensis L.Bolus (1)
dinteri (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. lutata L.Bolus ex B. leightoniae L.Bolus (1)
H.Jacobsen, invalid name = A. lutata Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.03–0.04 m, ± 0.1 m when
dulcis L.Bolus in flower. Alt ± 20–1760 m. EC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 200–900 m. firmus L.Bolus = B. multiceps
NC
glenensis N.E.Br. = Hereroa glenensis
hallii L.Bolus
A. ruschii L.Bolus (4) jamesii L.Bolus = B. vespertinus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.6 m. Alt katbergensis L.Bolus = B. concavus
300–1100 m. N leightoniae L.Bolus = B. concavus
herrei L.Bolus longisepalus L.Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt up to 400 m. EC
200–1300 m. NC
multiceps (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes
hillii L.Bolus B. addoensis L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 300–1000 m. NC B. artus L.Bolus (1)
B. firmus L.Bolus (1)
latisepala L.Bolus = A. longifolia
longifolia (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
A. latisepala L.Bolus (4) EC
A. vanbredai L.Bolus (4) rhomboideus (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes = Rhombophyl-
Mesembryanthemum longifolium L.Bolus (4) lum rhomboideum
Ruschia jacobseniana L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt up scapiger (Haw.) N.E.Br.
to 1300 m. N, NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.045–0.1 m, ± 0.2 m when
in flower. Alt 15–853 m. EC
lutata (L.Bolus) Friedrich ex H.E.K.Hartmann
A. dinteri (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. lutata L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen, vespertinus (A.Berger) Schwantes
invalid name (7) B. jamesii L.Bolus (1)
A. velutina Dinter var. lutata L.Bolus (7) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.02–0.054 m. Alt 50–1798
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 100–900 m. m. EC
N, NC
maxima (Haw.) Schwantes = Ruschia maxima BERRISFORDIA L.Bolus 2405016
rubra (L.Bolus) L.Bolus khamiesbergensis L.Bolus = Conophytum khamies-
Lampranthus ruber (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7)
Mesembryanthemum rubrum L.Bolus (7) bergense
Ruschia rubra (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. BIJLIA N.E.Br. 2405017
Alt ± 300 m. NC (1) Hartmann. 1992. Cactus and Succulent Journal (US) 64: 179.
(2) Hammer. 1995. Cactus and Succulent Journal (US) 67: 219.
rubra (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. alba L.Bolus = A. alba (3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
rubra (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. citrina L.Bolus = A. citrina ceae, A–E: 87, 88.
ruschii L.Bolus = A. hallii cana in sense of N.E.Br., misapplied name = B. dilatata
speciosa L.Bolus dilatata H.E.K.Hartmann
A. swartpoortensis L.Bolus (7)
B. cana in sense of N.E.Br., misapplied name (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt Hereroa cana in sense of L.Bolus, misapplied name (1)
300–1000 m. N, NC Hereroa tugwelliae in sense of L.Bolus (1927, 1928), not of L.Bolus
swartpoortensis L.Bolus = A. speciosa (1930), misapplied name (1)
vanbredai L.Bolus = A. longifolia Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 800–1100
vanheerdei L.Bolus m. WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt tugwelliae (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer
300–1000 m. NC Hereroa tugwelliae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (2)
velutina Dinter
A. blanda L.Bolus var. angusta L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen, invalid m. WC
name (4)
A. blanda L.Bolus var. blanda (4) BRAUNSIA Schwantes 2405018
A. blanda L.Bolus var. latipetala L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen, invalid
name (4)
(2) Klak. 2000. Bothalia 30: 35–42.
Mesembryanthemum velutinum Dinter (7)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt ceae, A–E: 88–90.
300–1100 m. N
apiculata (Kensit) L.Bolus
velutina Dinter var. lutata L.Bolus = A. lutata Echinus apiculatus (Kensit) L.Bolus (3)
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Astridia

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt glareicola Klak

500–1750 m. NC, WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.17 m. Alt 140–350
bina (N.E.Br.) Schwantes WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt kuntzei (Schinz) Ihlenf. & Bittrich
20–1000 m. WC Mesembryanthemum kuntzei Schinz (3)
Psilocaulon kuntzei (Schinz) Dinter & Schwantes (3)
edentula (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Ruschia edentula Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 20–250 m. N
geminata (Haw.) L.Bolus marlothii (Pax) Schwantes
Ruschia polita L.Bolus (2) Mesembryanthemum marlothii Pax (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt Psilocaulon marlothii (Pax) Friedrich (3)
250–1000 m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 100–800 m.
maximiliani (Schltr. & A.Berger) Schwantes N, NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 250–1100 m. namibensis (Marloth) Bullock
NC, WC Mesembryanthemum namibense Marloth (3)
Psilocaulon namibense (Marloth) Friedrich (3)
nelii Schwantes, naked name (insufficiently known) (2)
stayneri (L.Bolus) L.Bolus N
neglectus S.M.Pierce & Gerbaulet
300–700 m. WC
vanrensburgii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus up to 800 m. N, NC
nucifer (Ihlenf. & Bittrich) S.M.Pierce & Gerbaulet
20–150 m. WC Pseudobrownanthus nucifer Ihlenf. & Bittrich (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt up to 350 m.
BRIANHUNTLEYA Chesselet, 2405217 N, NC
S.A.Hammer & I.Oliver pseudoschlichtianus S.M.Pierce & Gerbaulet
(1) Chesselet et al. 2003. Bothalia 33: 160–164. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt up to 900 m.
intrusa (Kensit) Chesselet, S.A.Hammer & I.Oliver N, NC
Mesembryanthemum intrusum Kensit (1) pubescens (N.E.Br. ex C.A.Maass) Bullock
Ruschia intrusa (Kensit) L.Bolus (1) Psilocaulon pillansii (L.Bolus) Friedrich (3)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.07–0.1 m. Alt Trichocyclus pubescens N.E.Br. ex C.A.Maass (3)
200–250 m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 50–1000 m.
N, NC
BROWNANTHUS Schwantes 2405135 schlichtianus (Sond.) Ihlenf. & Bittrich = B. arenosus
(1) Pierce & Gerbaulet. 1997. Aloe 34: 42–44.
(2) Klak. 2000. Bothalia 30: 35–42.
(3) Gerbaulet & Pierce. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of
succulent plants. Aizoaceae, A–E: 91–95.
CALAMOPHYLLUM Schwantes 2405019
arenosus (Schinz) Ihlenf. & Bittrich ceae, A–E: 95, 96.
B. schlichtianus (Sond.) Ihlenf. & Bittrich (3)
Mesembryanthemum arenosum Schinz (3) cylindricum (Haw.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum schlichtianum Sond. (3) Mesembryanthemum cylindricum Haw. (1)
Psilocaulon arenosum (Schinz) L.Bolus (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.13 m. Alt? ‘SA’
Psilocaulon schlichtianum (Sond.) Schwantes (3)
teretifolium (Haw.) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 100–1100 m. Mesembryanthemum cylindricum Haw. var. teretifolium Haw. (1)
N, NC Mesembryanthemum teretifolium Haw. (1)
ciliatus (Aiton) Schwantes subsp. ciliatus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt? ‘SA’
Mesembryanthemum ciliatum Aiton (3) teretiusculum (Haw.) Schwantes
Psilocaulon ciliatum (Aiton) Friedrich (3)
Trichocyclus ciliatus N.E.Br. (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt? ‘SA’
m. NC, WC
CARPANTHEA N.E.Br. 2405020
(1) Bolus. 1958. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1264.
ciliatus (Aiton) Schwantes subsp. schenckii (Schinz) (2) Ihlenfeldt & Gerbaulet. 1990. Botanische Jahrbücher 111: 457–498.
Ihlenf. & Bittrich (3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
Mesembryanthemum schenckii Schinz (3) ceae, A–E: 96.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 100–1800 m. pilosa (Haw.) L.Bolus = C. pomeridiana
N, NC pomeridiana (L.) N.E.Br.
corallinus (Thunb.) Ihlenf. & Bittrich C. pilosa (Haw.) L.Bolus (2)
Mesembryanthemum corallinum Thunb. (3) Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 50–900 m. NC,
Psilocaulon corallinum (Thunb.) Schwantes (3) WC
Psilocaulon peersii L.Bolus (3)
Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt
200–1100 m. NC, WC CARPOBROTUS N.E.Br. 2405021
fraternus Klak (2) Bolus. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 258.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt up to 350 m. (3) Wisura & Glen. 1993. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium
WC 15: 76–107.
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Braunsia DICOTYLEDONS

(4) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- quadrifidus L.Bolus var. rosea L.Bolus = C. quadri-
ceae, A–E: 97–101. fidus
acinaciformis (L.) L.Bolus rubrocinctus (Haw.) N.E.Br. = C. acinaciformis
Abryanthemum acinaciforme (L.) Rothm., illegitimate name (4)
C. concavus L.Bolus (3) sauerae Schwantes = C. quadrifidus
C. laevigatus (Haw.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. laevigatus (Haw.) Schwantes (3)
subulatus (Haw.) N.E.Br. = C. acinaciformis
C. rubrocinctus (Haw.) N.E.Br. (3) vanzijliae L.Bolus = C. acinaciformis
C. subulatus (Haw.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. vanzijliae L.Bolus (3) CARRUANTHUS (Schwantes) 2405022
Mesembryanthemum acinaciforme Gouan (3)
Mesembryanthemum acinaciforme L. (3)
Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum acinaciforme L. var. purpureum L. (3) (1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
Mesembryanthemum laevigatum Haw. (3) ceae, A–E: 101, 102.
Mesembryanthemum rubrocinctum Haw. (3) peersii L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum subalatum Haw. (3)
EC
WC
concavus L.Bolus = C. acinaciformis ringens (L.) Boom
deliciosus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus WC
C. dulcis L.Bolus (3)
C. fourcadei L.Bolus var. alba L.Bolus (3)
C. fourcadei L.Bolus var. fourcadei (3) CARYOTOPHORA Leistner 2405023
Mesembryanthemum deliciosum L.Bolus (3) (1) Leistner. 1958. Notes on Mesembryanthemum and allied genera
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 20–800 m. WC, 3: 289–291.
EC (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
ceae, A–E: 102.
dimidiatus (Haw.) L.Bolus
C. juritzii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (3) skiatophytoides Leistner
Mesembryanthemum dimidiatum Haw. (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt up to 100 m.
Mesembryanthemum juritzii L.Bolus (3) WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 20–200 m. KZN,
EC CAULIPSOLON Klak 2405200
dulcis L.Bolus = C. deliciosus (1) Klak & Linder. 1998. Botanische Jahrbücher 120: 301–375.
(2) Klak & Gerbaulet. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of
edulis (L.) L.Bolus subsp. edulis succulent plants. Aizoaceae, A–E: 103.
Abryanthemum edule (L.) Rothm. (4)
Mesembryanthemum acinaciforme L. var. β flavum L. (4) rapaceum (Jacq.) Klak
Mesembryanthemum edule L. (3) Psilocaulon longipes L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt up to 1100 m. Psilocaulon rapaceum (Jacq.) Schwantes (1)
NC, WC, EC Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt
200–350 m. NC, WC
edulis (L.) L.Bolus subsp. parviflorus Wisura & Glen
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt up to 800 m. CEPHALOPHYLLUM N.E.Br. 2405024
WC (1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 257.
fourcadei L.Bolus var. alba L.Bolus = C. deliciosus (2) Bolus. 1962. The Flowering Plants of Africa 35: tt. 1396–1398.
(3) Hartmann. 1981. Cactus and Succulent Journal of Great Britain
fourcadei L.Bolus var. fourcadei = C. deliciosus 43: 96–100.
juritzii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = C. dimidiatus (4) Hartmann. 1982. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Allgemeine
laevigatus (Haw.) N.E.Br. = C. acinaciformis Botanik, Hamburg 18: 85–101.
(5) Hartmann. 1983. Bibliographia Botanica 136: 1–67.
laevigatus (Haw.) Schwantes = C. acinaciformis (6) Hartmann. 1983. Bothalia 14: 653–659.
mellei (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7) Hartmann. 1984. Botanische Jahrbücher 104: 321–360.
C. pageae L.Bolus (3) (8) Hartmann. 1984. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Allgemeine
C. pillansii L.Bolus (3) Botanik, Hamburg 19: 141–163.
Mesembryanthemum mellei L.Bolus (3) (9) Hartmann. 1988. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Allgemeine
Botanik, Hamburg 22: 93–187.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 200–900 m. WC (10) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
muirii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ceae, A–E: 103–113.
Mesembryanthemum muirii L.Bolus (3)
acutum (Haw.) L.Bolus = C. subulatoides
albertiniense (L.Bolus) Schwantes = Jordaaniella dubia
pageae L.Bolus = C. mellei
alstonii Marloth ex L.Bolus
pillansii L.Bolus = C. mellei C. franciscii L.Bolus (9)
quadrifidus L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 600 m.
C. quadrifidus L.Bolus forma rosea (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley, semi- NC, WC
naked name (3)
C. quadrifidus L.Bolus var. rosea L.Bolus (3) anemoniflorum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Jordaaniella dubia
C. sauerae Schwantes (3) apiculatum L.Bolus = C. loreum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt up to 1200 m.
NC, WC artum L.Bolus = C. curtophyllum
quadrifidus L.Bolus forma rosea (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley, aurantiacum L.Bolus = C. purpureo-album
semi-naked name = C. quadrifidus aureorubrum L.Bolus = C. rigidum
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Carpobrotus

ausense L.Bolus = C. ebracteatum ernii L.Bolus = C. ebracteatum

baylissii L.Bolus = C. diversiphyllum framesii L.Bolus
C. densum N.E.Br. (10)
bredasdorpense L.Bolus = C. diversiphyllum C. stayneri L.Bolus (9)
brevifolium L.Bolus = C. pulchellum Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 50–850 m. NC,
caespitosum H.E.K.Hartmann WC
Cheiridopsis cuprea (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (9) franciscii L.Bolus = C. alstonii
Mesembryanthemum cupreum L.Bolus (9)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.06 m. Alt 200–350 m. frutescens L.Bolus = Leipoldtia frutescens
WC frutescens L.Bolus var. decumbens L.Bolus = Leipold-
caledonicum L.Bolus = C. diversiphyllum tia frutescens
calvinianum L.Bolus = Leipoldtia rosea fulleri L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.09 m. Alt ± 1000 m. NC
cauliculatum (Haw.) N.E.Br. = C. diversiphyllum
goodii L.Bolus
cedrimontanum L.Bolus = C. loreum Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.06 m. Alt up to 450 m.
ceresianum L.Bolus = C. corniculatum NC
clavifolium (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Jordaaniella clavifolia gracile L.Bolus = C. purpureo-album
compactum L.Bolus = C. loreum gracile L.Bolus var. longisepalum L.Bolus = C. pur-
compressum L.Bolus pureo-album
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.03 m. Alt 50–1000 m. N hallii L.Bolus
comptonii N.E.Br. = C. tricolorum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 600–900 m.
concinnum L.Bolus = C. curtophyllum NC
confusum (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes herrei L.Bolus
C. pallens L.Bolus (9)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt up to 1000 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt up to 1000 m. N,
N
NC
conicum L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen = C. curtophyllum
herrei L.Bolus var. decumbens L.Bolus, naked name =
corniculatum (L.) Schwantes C. numeesense
C. ceresianum L.Bolus (10)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt 300–800 m. inaequale L.Bolus
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt up to 1200 m.
NC
crassum L.Bolus = C. tricolorum
insigne L.Bolus = C. rigidum
cupreum L.Bolus = Jordaaniella cuprea kliprandense L.Bolus = C. parvibracteatum
curtophyllum (L.Bolus) Schwantes laetulum L.Bolus = C. ebracteatum
C. artum L.Bolus (8)
C. concinnum L.Bolus (8) latipetalum L.Bolus = C. curtophyllum
C. conicum L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen (10) littlewoodii L.Bolus = C. purpureo-album
C. latipetalum L.Bolus (7)
C. platycalyx (L.Bolus) Schwantes (8) loreum (L.) Schwantes
C. rhodandrum L.Bolus (8) C. apiculatum L.Bolus (9)
C. cedrimontanum L.Bolus (9)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 300–1200 m. C. compactum L.Bolus (9)
NC, WC C. decipiens (Haw.) L.Bolus (9)
decipiens (Haw.) L.Bolus = C. loreum C. primulinum (L.Bolus) Schwantes (9)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.12 m. Alt ± 600 m. WC
densum N.E.Br. = C. framesii
luxurians Dinter, naked name = Jordaaniella cuprea
diminutum (Haw.) L.Bolus = C. subulatoides
maritimum (L.Bolus) Schwantes = Jordaaniella dubia
diversifolium (Haw.) Schwantes = C. diversiphyllum
middlemostii L.Bolus = C. purpureo-album
diversiphyllum (Haw.) H.E.K.Hartmann
C. baylissii L.Bolus (9) namaquanum L.Bolus = C. ebracteatum
C. bredasdorpense L.Bolus (9) niveum L.Bolus
C. caledonicum L.Bolus (9) C. truncatum L.Bolus (9)
C. cauliculatum (Haw.) N.E.Br. (9) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 150–800 m.
C. diversifolium (Haw.) Schwantes (9) NC, WC
C. vandermerwei L.Bolus (9)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt up to 800 m. WC numeesense H.E.K.Hartmann
C. herrei L.Bolus var. decumbens L.Bolus, naked name (9)
dubium (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Jordaaniella dubia Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 50–900 m.
ebracteatum (Schltr. & Diels) Dinter & Schwantes NC
C. ausense L.Bolus (9) pallens L.Bolus = C. herrei
C. ernii L.Bolus (9)
C. laetulum L.Bolus (9) parvibracteatum (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
C. namaquanum L.Bolus (9) C. kliprandense L.Bolus (9)
C. rangei (Engl.) L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen (9) Cheiridopsis parvibracteata L.Bolus (9)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.04 m. Alt up to 400 m. N, Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 600–1200
NC m. NC, WC
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Cephalophyllum DICOTYLEDONS

parviflorum L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 200–350 m.

C. parviflorum L.Bolus var. proliferum L.Bolus (9) WC
stayneri L.Bolus = C. framesii
parviflorum L.Bolus var. proliferum L.Bolus = C. parvi-
subulatoides (Haw.) N.E.Br.
florum C. acutum (Haw.) L.Bolus (10)
parvulum (Schltr.) H.E.K.Hartmann C. diminutum (Haw.) L.Bolus (9)
Cheiridopsis parvula (Schltr.) N.E.Br. (10) C. punctatum (Haw.) N.E.Br. (9)
Mesembryanthemum parvulum Schltr. (10) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 60–690 m.
WC tenuifolium L.Bolus = C. tricolorum
paucifolium L.Bolus = C. purpureo-album tetrastichum H.E.K.Hartmann
pillansii L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 10–200 m.
C. pillansii L.Bolus var. grandiflorum L.Bolus (9) NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 300–1100 m. tricolorum (Haw.) Schwantes
NC, WC C. comptonii N.E.Br. (9)
pillansii L.Bolus var. grandiflorum L.Bolus = C. pillansii C. crassum L.Bolus (9)
C. tenuifolium L.Bolus (9)
pittenii L.Bolus = Jordaaniella dubia Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 20–600 m.
platycalyx (L.Bolus) Schwantes = C. curtophyllum WC
primulinum (L.Bolus) Schwantes = C. loreum truncatum L.Bolus = C. niveum
procumbens (Haw.) Schwantes = Jordaaniella dubia uniflorum L.Bolus = Jordaaniella uniflora
pulchellum L.Bolus vandermerwei L.Bolus = C. diversiphyllum
C. brevifolium L.Bolus (9)
vanheerdei L.Bolus = C. regale
WC vanputtenii L.Bolus = Jordaaniella dubia
pulchrum L.Bolus watermeyeri L.Bolus = Jordaaniella dubia
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.07 m. Alt 200–350 m. weigangianum (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes = Leipoldtia
WC weigangiana subsp. weigangiana
punctatum (Haw.) N.E.Br. = C. subulatoides worcesterense L.Bolus = C. purpureo-album
purpureo-album (Haw.) Schwantes
C. aurantiacum L.Bolus (9) CEROCHLAMYS N.E.Br. 2405025
C. gracile L.Bolus (9) (1) Hartmann. 1998. Bradleya 16: 48−56.
C. gracile L.Bolus var. longisepalum L.Bolus (9) (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
C. littlewoodii L.Bolus (9) ceae, A–E: 113−115.
C. middlemostii L.Bolus (9)
C. paucifolium L.Bolus (9) gemina (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
C. serrulatum L.Bolus (9) Mesembryanthemum geminum N.E.Br. (1)
C. worcesterense L.Bolus (9) Ruschia gemina L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 300–1000 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 300–950 m.
WC WC
rangei (Engl.) L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen = C. ebracteatum pachyphylla (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
C. pachyphylla (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. albiflora H.Jacobsen (1)
regale L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum pachyphyllum L.Bolus (1)
C. vanheerdei L.Bolus (9) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 400–780 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.05 m. Alt 20–1200 m. NC WC
rhodandrum L.Bolus = C. curtophyllum pachyphylla (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. albiflora H.Jacobsen
rigidum L.Bolus = C. pachyphylla
C. aureorubrum L.Bolus (9)
C. insigne L.Bolus (9) purpureostyla (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann = Acrodon
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 20–1100 m. purpureostylus
NC trigona N.E.Br.
roseum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Leipoldtia rosea Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 190–650 m.
WC
rostellum (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Vanzijlia rostella L.Bolus (10) CHASMATOPHYLLUM Dinter 2405026
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.025 m. Alt 20–260 m. & Schwantes
WC (1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
serrulatum L.Bolus = C. purpureo-album ceae, A–E: 115−117.
spissum H.E.K.Hartmann braunsii Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m, when in flower. braunsii Schwantes var. majus L.Bolus (1)
Alt 200–350 m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 800–1700
spongiosum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Jordaaniella spon- m. NC, WC
giosa braunsii Schwantes var. majus L.Bolus = C. braunsii
staminodiosum L.Bolus maninum L.Bolus
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Cephalophyllum

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt ± 1600 m. brevipes L.Bolus = C. robusta

NC brevis L.Bolus = C. namaquensis
musculinum (Haw.) Dinter & Schwantes brownii Schick & Tischer
Mesembryanthemum dinterae Dinter (1) C. hallii L.Bolus (3)
Mesembryanthemum musculinum Haw. (1) C. insignis Schwantes (3)
Stomatium musculinum Schwantes (1) C. staminodifera L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 980–1700 C. turgida L.Bolus (3)
m. N, NW, G, M, FS, NC, WC, EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 20–1100 m.
nelii Schwantes N, NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 800–1100 m. campanulata G.Will.
EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.08 m. Alt ± 678 m. NC
rouxii L.Bolus candidissima (Haw.) N.E.Br. = C. denticulata
Rhinephyllum rouxii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
carinata L.Bolus = C. acuminata
m. NC carnea N.E.Br. = C. rostrata
stanleyi (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann caroli-schmidtii (Dinter & A.Berger) N.E.Br.
Hereroa stanleyi (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) C. ausensis L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.09 m. Alt 550–1200 C. borealis L.Bolus (3)
m. WC, EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 600–1500
m. N
verdoorniae (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1400–1600 cigarettifera (A.Berger) N.E.Br. = C. namaquensis
m. FS citrina L.Bolus = C. derenbergiana
willowmorense (L.Bolus) L.Bolus compressa L.Bolus = C. derenbergiana
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 750–1050 m. cuprea (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Cephalophyllum caespito-
EC sum
curta L.Bolus = C. namaquensis
CHEIRIDOPSIS N.E.Br. 2405027
delphinoides S.A.Hammer
(2) Bolus. 1968. The Flowering Plants of Africa 39: t. 1529. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 800–1100
(3) Hartmann & Dehn. 1987. Botanische Jahrbücher 108: 567–663. m. NC
(4) Hammer. 1993. Bradleya 11: 75−85. denticulata (Haw.) N.E.Br.
(5) Hammer. 1995. Piante Grasse 15,4 Suppl.: 59−87. C. candidissima (Haw.) N.E.Br. (3)
(6) Williamson. 2000. Aloe 37: 4–7. C. denticulata (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. glauca (Haw.) N.E.Br. (3)
(7) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. C. inconspicua N.E.Br. (3)
Aizoaceae, A–E: 117−128. C. littlewoodii L.Bolus (3)
(8) Hammer. 2002. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 74: 112− C. macrophylla L.Bolus (3)
115. C. vanheerdei L.Bolus (3)
acuminata L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 300–1200
C. carinata L.Bolus (3) m. NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 190–900 m. denticulata (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. glauca (Haw.) N.E.Br. =
NC
C. denticulata
alata L.Bolus = C. robusta derenbergiana Schwantes
albiflora L.Bolus = C. derenbergiana C. albiflora L.Bolus (3)
C. altitecta Schwantes (3)
albirosea L.Bolus = Ihlenfeldtia excavata C. ampliata L.Bolus (3)
altitecta Schwantes = C. derenbergiana C. angustipetala L.Bolus (3)
C. citrina L.Bolus (3)
amabilis S.A.Hammer C. compressa L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt? NC C. eburnea L.Bolus (3)
C. inaequalis L.Bolus (3)
ampliata L.Bolus = C. derenbergiana C. macrocalyx L.Bolus (3)
angustipetala L.Bolus = C. derenbergiana C. quadrifolia L.Bolus (3)
C. subaequalis L.Bolus (3)
aspera L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 300–600 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 460–1100 NC
m. NC
difformis (Thunb.) N.E.Br. = C. namaquensis
aurea L.Bolus var. aurea = C. robusta
dilatata L.Bolus = Ihlenfeldtia excavata
aurea L.Bolus var. lutea L.Bolus = C. robusta
duplessii L.Bolus = C. namaquensis
ausensis L.Bolus = C. caroli-schmidtii
eburnea L.Bolus = C. derenbergiana
bibracteata (Haw.) N.E.Br. = C. rostrata
excavata L.Bolus = Ihlenfeldtia excavata
bifida (Haw.) N.E.Br. = C. rostrata
framesii L.Bolus = C. namaquensis
borealis L.Bolus = C. caroli-schmidtii
gamoepensis S.A.Hammer
brachystigma L.Bolus = C. pillansii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1010–1150
breachiae L.Bolus = C. namaquensis m. NC
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Chasmatophyllum DICOTYLEDONS

gibbosa Schick & Tischer = C. pillansii Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC

glabra L.Bolus = C. pearsonii papillata L.Bolus = Ihlenfeldtia vanzylii
glomerata S.A.Hammer parvibracteata L.Bolus = Cephalophyllum parvibrac-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt? NC teatum
grandiflora L.Bolus = C. robusta parvula (Schltr.) N.E.Br. = Cephalophyllum parvulum
hallii L.Bolus = C. brownii paucifolia L.Bolus = C. schlechteri
herrei L.Bolus pearsonii N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 300–600 m. C. glabra L.Bolus (3)
C. resurgens L.Bolus (3)
NC
hutchinsonii L.Bolus = C. namaquensis m. NC
imitans L.Bolus peculiaris N.E.Br.
NC m. NC
inaequalis L.Bolus = C. derenbergiana peersii L.Bolus = C. turbinata
inconspicua N.E.Br. = C. denticulata perdecora N.E.Br. = C. robusta
insignis Schwantes = C. brownii pillansii L.Bolus
inspersa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. rostrata C. brachystigma L.Bolus (3)
C. gibbosa Schick & Tischer (3)
intrusa L.Bolus = C. namaquensis C. pillansii L.Bolus var. crassa (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley (3)
latifolia L.Bolus = C. namaquensis Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 400–750 m.
lecta (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. robusta NC
leptopetala L.Bolus = C. robusta pillansii L.Bolus var. crassa (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley =
C. pillansii
littlewoodii L.Bolus = C. denticulata
pilosula L.Bolus
longipes L.Bolus = C. namaquensis
luckhoffii L.Bolus = C. namaquensis m. NC
macrocalyx L.Bolus = C. derenbergiana ponderosa S.A.Hammer
macrophylla L.Bolus = C. denticulata Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? NC
marlothii N.E.Br. = C. namaquensis pressa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. robusta
meyeri N.E.Br. pulverulenta L.Bolus = C. schlechteri
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt ± 300 m. purpurascens (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br. var. leipoldtii
NC L.Bolus = C. rostrata
meyeri N.E.Br. var. minor L.Bolus = C. minor purpurascens (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br. var. purpurascens =
minima Tischer = Antimima minima C. rostrata
minor (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann purpurea L.Bolus
C. meyeri N.E.Br. var. minor L.Bolus (7) C. splendens L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt? NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt ± 300 m.
multiseriata L.Bolus = C. robusta NC
namaquensis (Sond.) H.E.K.Hartmann quadrifolia L.Bolus = C. derenbergiana
C. breachiae L.Bolus (7) quaternifolia L.Bolus = C. namaquensis
C. brevis L.Bolus (7)
C. cigarettifera (A.Berger) N.E.Br. (7) resurgens L.Bolus = C. pearsonii
C. curta L.Bolus (7) richardiana L.Bolus = Ihlenfeldtia vanzylii
C. difformis (Thunb.) N.E.Br. (7)
C. duplessii L.Bolus (7) robusta (Haw.) N.E.Br.
C. framesii L.Bolus (7) C. alata L.Bolus (3)
C. hutchinsonii L.Bolus (7) C. aurea L.Bolus var. aurea (3)
C. intrusa L.Bolus (7) C. aurea L.Bolus var. lutea L.Bolus (3)
C. latifolia L.Bolus (7) C. brevipes L.Bolus (3)
C. longipes L.Bolus (7) C. grandiflora L.Bolus (3)
C. luckhoffii L.Bolus (7) C. lecta (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. marlothii N.E.Br. (7) C. leptopetala L.Bolus (3)
C. quaternifolia L.Bolus (7) C. multiseriata L.Bolus (3)
C. scabra L.Bolus var. fera L.Bolus (7) C. perdecora N.E.Br. (3)
C. scabra L.Bolus var. scabra (7) C. pressa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. serrulata L.Bolus (7) C. roodiae N.E.Br. (3)
C. subalba L.Bolus (7) C. schickiana Tischer (3)
C. tenuifolia L.Bolus (7) C. truncata L.Bolus (3)
Mesembryanthemum difforme Thunb. (7) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m, when in flower.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 300–900 m. Alt 20–600 m. N, NC
NC, WC roodiae N.E.Br. = C. robusta
nelii Schwantes rostrata (L.) N.E.Br.
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Cheiridopsis

C. bibracteata (Haw.) N.E.Br. (3) CIRCANDRA N.E.Br. 2405138

C. bifida (Haw.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. carnea N.E.Br. (3) (1) Brown. 1930. The Gardeners’ Chronicle 87: 126.
C. inspersa (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3) (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
C. purpurascens (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br. var. leipoldtii L.Bolus (3) ceae, A–E: 129.
C. purpurascens (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br. var. purpurascens (3) serrata (L.) N.E.Br.
C. rostratoides (Haw.) N.E.Br. (3) Erepsia serrata (L.) L.Bolus (1)
C. tuberculata (Mill.) N.E.Br. (3) Mesembryanthemum serratum L. (1)
C. velutina L.Bolus (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 350–850 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m, when in flower. WC
Alt 20–600 m. WC
rostratoides (Haw.) N.E.Br. = C. rostrata CLERETUM N.E.Br. 2405140
rudis L.Bolus (1) Bolus. 1962. The Flowering Plants of Africa 35: t. 1366.
(2) Ihlenfeldt & Struck. 1986. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 61:
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt? NC 411–453.
scabra L.Bolus var. fera L.Bolus = C. namaquensis (3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
ceae, A–E: 129–131.
scabra L.Bolus var. scabra = C. namaquensis
herrei (Schwantes) Ihlenf. & Struck
schickiana Tischer = C. robusta Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 20–350 m.
schlechteri Tischer WC
C. paucifolia L.Bolus (3)
C. pulverulenta L.Bolus (3) lyratifolium Ihlenf. & Struck
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 300–600 m. Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 800–1000 m.
NC WC
serrulata L.Bolus = C. namaquensis papulosum (L.f.) L.Bolus subsp. papulosum
C. papulosum (L.f.) N.E.Br., illegitimate name (2)
speciosa L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum papulosum L.f. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 300–600 m. Mesembryanthemum sessiliflorum Aiton (2)
NC Micropterum papulosum (L.f.) Schwantes (2)
Micropterum papulosum (L.f.) Schwantes subsp. multiflorum
splendens L.Bolus = C. purpurea Schwantes, naked name (2)
staminodifera L.Bolus = C. brownii Micropterum sessiliflorum (Aiton) Schwantes (2)
Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 800–1600 m.
subaequalis L.Bolus = C. derenbergiana NC, WC
subalba L.Bolus = C. namaquensis papulosum (L.f.) L.Bolus subsp. schlechteri (Schwantes)
tenuifolia L.Bolus = C. namaquensis Ihlenf. & Struck
truncata L.Bolus = C. robusta Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt up to 1200 m.
tuberculata (Mill.) N.E.Br. = C. rostrata NC
papulosum (L.f.) N.E.Br., illegitimate name = C. papu-
turbinata L.Bolus
C. peersii L.Bolus (3) losum subsp. papulosum
C. turbinata L.Bolus var. minor L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 300–1000 CONICOSIA N.E.Br. 2405028
m. NC, WC (1) Ihlenfeldt & Gerbaulet. 1990. Botanische Jahrbücher 111: 457–498.
turbinata L.Bolus var. minor L.Bolus = C. turbinata ceae, A–E: 131–133.
turgida L.Bolus = C. brownii alborosea L.Bolus = C. pugioniformis subsp. alborosea
umbrosa S.A.Hammer & P.Desmet australis L.Bolus = C. pugioniformis subsp. muirii
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1000–1200 bijlii N.E.Br. = C. pugioniformis subsp. muirii
m. NC
brevicaulis (Haw.) Schwantes = C. pugioniformis subsp.
umdausensis L.Bolus pugioniformis
m. NC communis (Edwards) N.E.Br. = C. pugioniformis subsp.
pugioniformis
vanbredai L.Bolus = Ihlenfeldtia excavata
coruscans (Haw.) Schwantes = C. elongata
vanheerdei L.Bolus = C. denticulata
elongata (Haw.) N.E.Br.
vanzijlii L.Bolus = Ihlenfeldtia vanzylii C. coruscans (Haw.) Schwantes (1)
velox S.A.Hammer C. robusta N.E.Br. (1)
Herrea acocksii L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 800–1160 m. Herrea affinis (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus (1)
NC Herrea alba L.Bolus (1)
velutina L.Bolus = C. rostrata Herrea albolutea L.Bolus (1)
Herrea blanda L.Bolus (1)
ventricosa (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima ventricosa Herrea brevisepala L.Bolus (1)
verrucosa L.Bolus Herrea elongata (Haw.) L.Bolus var. elongata (1)
C. verrucosa L.Bolus var. minor L.Bolus (3) Herrea elongata (Haw.) L.Bolus var. minor (Haw.) L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 20–300 m. Herrea excavata L.Bolus (1)
Herrea fusiformis (Haw.) L.Bolus (1)
NC Herrea grandis L.Bolus (1)
verrucosa L.Bolus var. minor L.Bolus = C. verrucosa Herrea gydouwensis L.Bolus (1)
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Cheiridopsis DICOTYLEDONS

Herrea inaequalis L.Bolus (1) admiraalii L.Bolus = C. jucundum subsp. jucundum

Herrea klaverensis L.Bolus (1)
Herrea laticalyx L.Bolus (1) advenum N.E.Br. = C. piluliforme subsp. piluliforme
Herrea macrocalyx L.Bolus (2)
Herrea nelii Schwantes (2)
aequale L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
Herrea obtusa L.Bolus (1) bilobum
Herrea plana L.Bolus (1) aequatum L.Bolus = C. pageae
Herrea porcina L.Bolus (1)
Herrea robusta (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus (1) aggregatum (Haw. ex N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. piluliforme
Herrea ronaldii L.Bolus (1) subsp. piluliforme
Herrea roodiae (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus (1)
Herrea stipitata L.Bolus (1) albertense (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. truncatum subsp.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 200–950 m. truncatum var. truncatum
NC, WC albescens N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
muirii N.E.Br. = C. pugioniformis subsp. muirii bilobum
pugioniformis (L.) N.E.Br. subsp. alborosea (L.Bolus) albifissum Tischer = C. minimum
Ihlenf. & Gerbaulet
C. alborosea L.Bolus (1) albiflorum (Rawe) S.A.Hammer
C. edwardsiae Lavis var. albiflorum Rawe (3)
NC
WC
pugioniformis (L.) N.E.Br. subsp. muirii (N.E.Br.)
altile (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. ficiforme
Ihlenf. & Gerbaulet
C. australis L.Bolus (1) altum L.Bolus var. altum = C. bilobum subsp. altum
C. bijlii N.E.Br. (1)
C. muirii N.E.Br. (1)
altum L.Bolus var. plenum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 10–200 m. altum
WC ampliatum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
pugioniformis (L.) N.E.Br. subsp. pugioniformis bilobum
C. brevicaulis (Haw.) Schwantes (1) amplum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
C. communis (Edwards) N.E.Br. (1) bilobum
C. pulliloba N.E.Br. (1)
Herrea caledonica L.Bolus (1) andausanum N.E.Br. var. andausanum = C. bilobum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m, when in flower. subsp. bilobum var. bilobum
Alt 20–350 m. WC andausanum N.E.Br. var. immaculatum L.Bolus = C.
pulliloba N.E.Br. = C. pugioniformis subsp. pugioni- bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum
formis angelicae (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. ange-
robusta N.E.Br. = C. elongata licae
Mesembryanthemum angelicae (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. (3)
CONOPHYLLUM Schwantes 2405029 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 900–1100
m. N, NC
globosum L.Bolus = Meyerophytum globosum angelicae (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp.
CONOPHYTUM N.E.Br. 2405030 tetragonum Rawe & S.A.Hammer
(2) Lavis. 1933. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 13: tt. NC
509A–510B. angustum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
(3) Hammer. 1993. The genus Conophytum: 1−283. bilobum
(4) Pavelka. 1999. Kaktusy 35, Speciál 1999/1: 1–32.
(5) Smale. 2000. Cactus and Succulent Journal of Great Britain 18: angustum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
101–107. bilobum
(6) Hammer. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent
plants. Aizoaceae, A–E: 134–175. anjametae de Boer = C. violaciflorum
(7) Desmet et al. 2001. Bradleya 19: 15–18. anomalum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
(8) Hammer. 2002. Dumpling and his wife: new views of the genus
Conophytum: 1–398.
bilobum
absimile L.Bolus forma majus L.Bolus = C. bilobum apertum Tischer = C. bilobum subsp. altum
subsp. bilobum var. bilobum apiatum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilo-
absimile L.Bolus forma umbrosum L.Bolus = C. bum var. bilobum
bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum apiculatum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
absimile L.Bolus var. absimile = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum
bilobum var. bilobum approximatum Lavis = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
achabense S.A.Hammer bilobum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 1050–1160 archeri Lavis var. archeri = C. piluliforme subsp. pilu-
m. NC liforme
acutum L.Bolus archeri Lavis var. stayneri L.Bolus = C. truncatum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 420–600 m. subsp. viridicatum
WC areolatum Littlew. = C. pellucidum subsp. pellucidum
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Conicosia

armianum S.A.Hammer C. amplum L.Bolus (3)

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 650–1100 C. andausanum N.E.Br. var. andausanum (3)
C. andausanum N.E.Br. var. immaculatum L.Bolus (3)
m. NC C. angustum L.Bolus (3)
arthurolfago S.A.Hammer C. angustum N.E.Br. (3)
C. lithopsoides L.Bolus subsp. arthurolfago S.A.Hammer (8) C. anomalum L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 900–1200 C. apiatum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. apiculatum N.E.Br. (3)
m. NC C. approximatum Lavis (3)
asperulum L.Bolus var. asperulum = C. bilobum subsp. C. asperulum L.Bolus var. asperulum (3)
bilobum var. bilobum C. asperulum L.Bolus var. brevistylum L.Bolus (3)
C. auctum N.E.Br. forma approximatum (Lavis) Rawe (3)
asperulum L.Bolus var. brevistylum L.Bolus = C. C. auctum N.E.Br. forma auctum (3)
bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum C. australe L.Bolus (3)
C. barkerae L.Bolus (3)
assimile (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. ficiforme C. brevisectum L.Bolus (3)
astylum L.Bolus = C. pellucidum subsp. cupreatum C. cauliferum N.E.Br. var. cauliferum (3)
C. cauliferum N.E.Br. var. lekkersingense L.Bolus (3)
auctum N.E.Br. forma approximatum (Lavis) Rawe = C. C. christiansenianum L.Bolus (3)
bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum C. citrinum L.Bolus (3)
C. compressum N.E.Br. (3)
auctum N.E.Br. forma auctum = C. bilobum subsp. C. conradii L.Bolus (3)
bilobum var. bilobum C. convexum L.Bolus (3)
auriflorum Tischer subsp. auriflorum C. cordatum Schick & Tischer var. cordatum (3)
C. cordatum Schick & Tischer var. macrostigma L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 690–1000 C. coriaceum L.Bolus (3)
m. NC C. crassum L.Bolus (3)
auriflorum Tischer subsp. turbiniforme (Rawe) C. curtum L.Bolus (3)
C. dennisii N.E.Br. (3)
S.A.Hammer C. difforme L.Bolus (3)
C. turbiniforme Rawe (3) C. dilatatum Tischer (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 540–860 m. C. dissimile L.Bolus (3)
NC C. distans L.Bolus (3)
C. divaricatum N.E.Br. (3)
australe L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. C. diversum N.E.Br. (3)
bilobum C. dolomiticum Tischer (3)
avenantii L.Bolus = C. jucundum subsp. fragile C. ecarinatum L.Bolus var. angustum L.Bolus (3)
C. ecarinatum L.Bolus var. ecarinatum (3)
bachelorum S.A.Hammer C. ecarinatum L.Bolus var. mutabile L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m, when in flower. C. excisum L.Bolus (3)
Alt 400–730 m. NC C. exsertum N.E.Br. (3)
C. gonapense L.Bolus var. gonapense (3)
bachelorum S.A.Hammer subsp. sponsaliorum S.A.Ham- C. gonapense L.Bolus var. numeesicum L.Bolus (3)
mer = C. obscurum subsp. sponsaliorum C. grandiflorum L.Bolus (3)
C. inclusum L.Bolus (3)
barbatum L.Bolus = C. obscurum subsp. barbatum C. incurvum N.E.Br. var. incurvum (3)
barkerae L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. C. incurvum N.E.Br. var. leucanthum (Lavis) Tischer (3)
C. indefinitum L.Bolus (3)
bilobum C. insigne L.Bolus (3)
batesii N.E.Br. = C. minimum C. klipbokbergense L.Bolus (3)
C. lacteum L.Bolus (3)
bicarinatum L.Bolus C. largum L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 700–1400 C. latum L.Bolus (3)
m. WC C. lavisianum L.Bolus (3)
C. laxipetalum N.E.Br. (3)
bilobum (Marloth) N.E.Br. subsp. altum (L.Bolus) C. lekkersingense L.Bolus (3)
S.A.Hammer C. leucanthum Lavis (3)
C. altum L.Bolus var. altum (3) C. leucanthum Lavis var. multipetalum L.Bolus (3)
C. altum L.Bolus var. plenum L.Bolus (3) C. markoetterae Schwantes (3)
C. apertum Tischer (3) C. meyerae Schwantes forma alatum Tischer (3)
C. connatum L.Bolus (3) C. meyerae Schwantes forma apiculatum (N.E.Br.) Tischer, invalid
C. corniferum Schick & Tischer (3) combination (3)
C. gracile N.E.Br. var. gracile (3) C. meyerae Schwantes forma asperulum (L.Bolus) H.Jacobsen (3)
C. gracile N.E.Br. var. majusculum L.Bolus (3) C. meyerae Schwantes forma meyerae (3)
C. graciliramosum L.Bolus (2) C. meyerae Schwantes forma pole-evansii (N.E.Br.) Tischer, invalid
C. luiseae Schwantes (3) combination (3)
C. luiseae Schwantes var. papillatum L.Bolus, semi-naked name (3) C. nelianum Schwantes (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m with age. Alt C. noisabisense L.Bolus (3)
600–800 m. NC C. nutaboiense Tischer (3)
C. obtusum N.E.Br. var. amplum (L.Bolus) Rawe (3)
bilobum (Marloth) N.E.Br. subsp. bilobum var. bilo- C. obtusum N.E.Br. var. obtusum (3)
bum C. ovatum L.Bolus (3)
C. absimile L.Bolus forma absimile (3) C. parvulum L.Bolus (3)
C. absimile L.Bolus forma majus L.Bolus (3) C. philippi L.Bolus (3)
C. absimile L.Bolus forma umbrosum L.Bolus (3) C. piriforme L.Bolus (3)
C. aequale L.Bolus (3) C. plenum N.E.Br. (3)
C. albescens N.E.Br. (3) C. pluriforme L.Bolus (3)
C. ampliatum L.Bolus (3) C. pole-evansii N.E.Br. (3)
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Conophytum DICOTYLEDONS

C. proximum L.Bolus (3) C. membranaceum L.Bolus (3)

C. recisum N.E.Br. (3) C. paucipunctum Tischer (3)
C. simile N.E.Br. (3) C. pumilum N.E.Br. (3)
C. simplum N.E.Br. (3) C. pygmaeum Schick & Tischer (3)
C. sitzlerianum Schwantes (3) C. subtile N.E.Br. (3)
C. smithersii L.Bolus (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 820–1200 m.
C. sororium N.E.Br. (3) NC
C. springbokense N.E.Br. (3)
C. strictum L.Bolus var. inaequale L.Bolus (3) breve N.E.Br. var. minor L.Bolus = C. breve
C. strictum L.Bolus var. strictum (3)
C. stylosum (N.E.Br.) Tischer (3) breve N.E.Br. var. minutiflorum (Schwantes) Rawe = C.
C. subacutum L.Bolus (3) pageae
C. subcylindricum L.Bolus (3) breve N.E.Br. var. vanzylii (Lavis) Rawe, invalid com-
C. subtenue L.Bolus (3)
C. supremum L.Bolus (3) bination = C. calculus subsp. vanzylii
C. tectum N.E.Br. (3) brevilineatum Tischer = C. minimum
C. tumidum N.E.Br. (3)
C. tumidum N.E.Br. var. asperulum L.Bolus (3) brevipes L.Bolus = C. wettsteinii
C. umdausense L.Bolus (3) brevipetalum Lavis = C. piluliforme subsp. piluliforme
C. variabile L.Bolus (3)
C. vlakmynense L.Bolus (3) brevisectum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
Mesembryanthemum apiatum N.E.Br. (3) bilobum
Mesembryanthemum bilobum Marloth (3)
Mesembryanthemum elishae N.E.Br. (3) brevitubum Lavis = C. truncatum subsp. truncatum
Mesembryanthemum stylosum N.E.Br. (3) var. truncatum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 50–1200 m. brownii Tischer = C. ectypum subsp. brownii
NC brunneum S.A.Hammer
bilobum (Marloth) N.E.Br. subsp. bilobum var. elishae Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 450–590 m.
(N.E.Br.) S.A.Hammer WC
C. elishae (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (8)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 900–1200 bruynsii S.A.Hammer
m. NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 450–590 m.
WC
bilobum (Marloth) N.E.Br. subsp. bilobum var. lin-
earilucidum (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer burgeri L.Bolus
C. linearilucidum L.Bolus (8) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1050–1100
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 840–1100 m. NC
m. NC buysianum A.R.Mitch. & S.A.Hammer = C. recondi-
bilobum (Marloth) N.E.Br. subsp. bilobum var. mus- tum subsp. buysianum
cosipapillatum (Lavis) S.A.Hammer calculus (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. calculus
C. muscosipapillatum Lavis (8) C. calculus (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. komkansicum (L.Bolus) Rawe (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 600–800 m. C. komkansicum L.Bolus (3)
NC Mesembryanthemum calculus A.Berger (3)
bilobum (Marloth) N.E.Br. subsp. claviferens S.A.Ham- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m with age. Alt
mer 180–350 m. NC, WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 730–910 m. calculus (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. vanzylii (Lavis)
NC S.A.Hammer
C. breve N.E.Br. var. vanzylii (Lavis) Rawe, invalid combination (3)
bilobum (Marloth) N.E.Br. subsp. gracilistylum (L.Bolus) C. namiesicum L.Bolus (3)
S.A.Hammer C. vanzylii Lavis (3)
C. gracilistylum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 1080–1150
Mesembryanthemum gracistylum L.Bolus (3)
m. NC, WC
WC calculus (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. komkansicum
(L.Bolus) Rawe = C. calculus subsp. calculus
blandum L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 940–1140 calculus (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. protusum L.Bolus = C.
m. NC pageae
bolusiae Schwantes subsp. bolusiae calitzdorpense L.Bolus = C. truncatum subsp. trunca-
C. intrepidum L.Bolus (3) tum var. truncatum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 500–750 m. calitzdorpense Tischer = C. truncatum subsp. trunca-
NC tum var. truncatum
bolusiae Schwantes subsp. primavernum S.A.Hammer candidum L.Bolus = C. meyeri
NC caroli Lavis
C. singulare G.D.Rowley (3)
boreale L.Bolus = C. lithopsoides subsp. boreale Ophthalmophyllum australe L.Bolus (3)
Ophthalmophyllum caroli (Lavis) Tischer (3)
braunsii Tischer = C. minutum var. minutum
breve N.E.Br. m. NC
C. breve N.E.Br. var. minor L.Bolus (3)
C. doornense N.E.Br., confused name (6) carpianum L.Bolus
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Conophytum

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 900–1160 cordatum Schick & Tischer var. macrostigma L.Bolus =
m. NC C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum
catervum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. truncatum subsp. coriaceum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
viridicatum bilobum
cauliferum N.E.Br. var. cauliferum = C. bilobum subsp. corniferum Schick & Tischer = C. bilobum subsp.
bilobum var. bilobum altum
cauliferum N.E.Br. var. lekkersingense L.Bolus = C. crassum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum bilobum
ceresianum L.Bolus = C. obcordellum subsp. craterulum Tischer = C. velutinum subsp. velutinum
obcordellum var. ceresianum cubicum Pavelka
ceresianum L.Bolus var. divergens (L.Bolus) Rawe = C. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt up to 930 m.
obcordellum subsp. obcordellum var. cere- NC
sianum cuneatum Tischer = C. halenbergense
chauviniae (Schwantes) S.A.Hammer cupreatum Tischer = C. pellucidum subsp. cupreatum
Mesembryanthemum augeiforme Schwantes (3)
Mesembryanthemum chauviniae Schwantes (3) cupreiflorum Tischer (insufficiently known)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 410–800 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? NC
WC curtum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
chloratum Tischer = C. ectypum subsp. ectypum bilobum
chrisocruxum S.A.Hammer cylindratum Schwantes = C. roodiae subsp. cylindra-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt ± 900 m. tum
NC cylindratum Schwantes var. primosii (Lavis) Rawe = C.
chrisolum S.A.Hammer roodiae subsp. cylindratum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt ± 750 m. danielii Pavelka = C. jarmilae
NC declinatum L.Bolus = C. obcordellum subsp.
christiansenianum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. obcordellum var. obcordellum
bilobum var. bilobum
decoratum N.E.Br. = C. uviforme subsp. decoratum
cibdelum N.E.Br. = C. truncatum subsp. truncatum
var. truncatum dennisii N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
bilobum
circumpunctatum Schick & Tischer = C. wettsteinii
densipunctum L.Bolus = C. quaesitum subsp. den-
citrinum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
sipunctum
bilobum
clarum N.E.Br. = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme depressum Lavis subsp. depressum
clavatum L.Bolus = C. obscurum subsp. obscurum m. NC
colorans Lavis = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme depressum Lavis subsp. perdurans S.A.Hammer
complanatum L.Bolus = C. truncatum subsp. viridica- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 950–1075
tum m. NC
compressum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. devium G.D.Rowley subsp. devium
bilobum Ophthalmophyllum littlewoodii L.Bolus (3)
comptonii N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 650–1150
m. WC devium G.D.Rowley subsp. stiriiferum S.A.Hammer
concavum L.Bolus & Barnhill
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 300–650 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt up to 1200
NC m. NC
concinnum Schwantes = C. flavum subsp. flavum difforme L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
concordans G.D.Rowley bilobum
Ophthalmophyllum villetii L.Bolus (6) dilatatum Tischer = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 900–1300 bilobum
m. NC discrepans G.D.Rowley forma discrepans = C. maugh-
connatum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. altum anii subsp. latum
conradii L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. discrepans G.D.Rowley forma rubrum (Tischer)
bilobum G.D.Rowley = C. maughanii subsp. latum
convexum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. dispar N.E.Br. = C. truncatum subsp. viridicatum
bilobum dissimile L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
corculum Schwantes = C. meyeri bilobum
cordatum Schick & Tischer var. cordatum = C. bilobum distans L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
subsp. bilobum var. bilobum bilobum

divaricatum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. elongatum Schick & Tischer = C. hians
bilobum ernianum Loesch & Tischer = C. taylorianum subsp.
divergens L.Bolus = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordel- ernianum
lum var. obcordellum ernstii S.A.Hammer subsp. cerebellum S.A.Hammer
diversum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 600–920 m.
bilobum N
dolomiticum Tischer = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. ernstii S.A.Hammer subsp. ernstii
bilobum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 200–1200
doornense N.E.Br., confused name = C. breve m. NC
ecarinatum L.Bolus var. angustum L.Bolus = C. etaylorii Schwantes = C. piluliforme subsp. piluli-
bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum forme
excisum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
ecarinatum L.Bolus var. candidum (L.Bolus) Rawe = C.
meyeri bilobum
exiguum N.E.Br. = C. saxetanum
ecarinatum L.Bolus var. ecarinatum = C. bilobum
subsp. bilobum var. bilobum exsertum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
bilobum
ecarinatum L.Bolus var. mutabile L.Bolus = C.
extractum Tischer = C. meyeri
bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum
fenestratum Schwantes = C. pellucidum subsp. pellu-
ectypum N.E.Br. subsp. brownii (Tischer) S.A.Ham- cidum
mer
C. ectypum N.E.Br. subsp. ectypum var. brownii (Tischer) Tischer (8) fibuliforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. (insufficiently known)
C. brownii Tischer (8) Mesembryanthemum fibuliforme Haw. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 950–1000 Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’
m. NC ficiforme (Haw.) N.E.Br.
ectypum N.E.Br. subsp. cruciatum S.A.Hammer C. altile (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. assimile (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.012 m. Alt 650–850 C. ficiforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. placitum (N.E.Br.) Rawe (3)
m. NC C. fossulatum Tischer (3)
ectypum N.E.Br. subsp. ectypum C. odoratum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. pallidum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. chloratum Tischer (3)
C. placitum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. placitum (3)
C. ectypum N.E.Br. var. limbatum (N.E.Br.) Tischer (3)
C. placitum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. pubescens Littlew. (3)
C. ectypum N.E.Br. var. tischleri (Schwantes) Tischer (3)
Mesembryanthemum altile N.E.Br. (3)
C. limbatum N.E.Br. (3)
Mesembryanthemum assimile N.E.Br. (3)
C. tischleri Schwantes (3)
Mesembryanthemum ficiforme Haw. (3)
C. virens L.Bolus (6)
Mesembryanthemum jugiferum N.E.Br. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.025 m. Alt 650–950 Mesembryanthemum odoratum N.E.Br. (3)
m. NC Mesembryanthemum pallidum N.E.Br. (3)
Mesembryanthemum placitum N.E.Br. (3)
ectypum N.E.Br. subsp. ectypum var. brownii (Tischer)
Tischer = C. ectypum subsp. brownii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 300–550 m.
WC
ectypum N.E.Br. subsp. ignavum S.A.Hammer
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 950–1100 ficiforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. placitum (N.E.Br.) Rawe =
m. NC C. ficiforme
ectypum N.E.Br. subsp. sulcatum (L.Bolus) flavum N.E.Br. subsp. flavum
C. concinnum Schwantes (3)
S.A.Hammer C. flavum N.E.Br. var. luteum (N.E.Br.) Boom (3)
C. sulcatum L.Bolus (3) C. luteum N.E.Br. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 760–1080 C. ornatum Lavis (3)
m. NC C. percrassum Schick & Tischer (3)
C. tetracarpum Lavis (3)
ectypum N.E.Br. var. limbatum (N.E.Br.) Tischer = C. C. tinctum Lavis (3)
ectypum subsp. ectypum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 850–1100
ectypum N.E.Br. var. tischleri (Schwantes) Tischer = C. m. NC
ectypum subsp. ectypum flavum N.E.Br. subsp. novicium (N.E.Br.) S.A.Ham-
edithiae N.E.Br. = C. subfenestratum mer
C. ellipticum Tischer (3)
edwardii Schwantes = C. piluliforme subsp. edwardii C. luteolum L.Bolus var. luteolum (3)
edwardsiae Lavis = C. luckhoffii C. luteolum L.Bolus var. macrostigma L.Bolus (3)
C. novicium N.E.Br. (3)
edwardsiae Lavis var. albiflorum Rawe = C. albiflorum C. rubristylosum Tischer (3)
eenkokerense L.Bolus = C. tantillum subsp. eenkok- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 800–1150
erense m. NC
elegans N.E.Br. = C. pellucidum subsp. pellucidum flavum N.E.Br. var. luteum (N.E.Br.) Boom = C. flavum
elishae (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum subsp. flavum
var. elishae forresteri L.Bolus = C. pageae
ellipticum Tischer = C. flavum subsp. novicium fossulatum Tischer = C. ficiforme

fragile Tischer = C. jucundum subsp. fragile graessneri Tischer = C. saxetanum

framesii Lavis = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme grandiflorum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum
francisci L.Bolus = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme var. bilobum
francoiseae (S.A.Hammer) S.A.Hammer gratum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. gratum = C. jucun-
C. wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. francoiseae S.A.Hammer (8) dum subsp. jucundum
gratum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. marlothii (N.E.Br.)
NC
S.A.Hammer = C. jucundum subsp. marlothii
fraternum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
C. kubusanum N.E.Br. (3) halenbergense (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br.
C. cuneatum Tischer (3)
C. praecox N.E.Br. (3)
Mesembryanthemum halenbergense Dinter & Schwantes (3)
Mesembryanthemum fraternum N.E.Br. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 800–1200 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 530–670 m.
m. NC N
fraternum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. leptanthum (L.Bolus) hallii L.Bolus = C. roodiae subsp. roodiae
L.Bolus = C. jucundum subsp. marlothii hammeri G.Will. & H.C.Kennedy
friedrichiae (Dinter) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 310–650 m.
C. renominatum G.D.Rowley (3) NC
C. schwantesii G.D.Rowley (3)
Mesembryanthemum friedrichiae Dinter (6) hanae Pavelka = C. tomasi
Ophthalmophyllum dinteri Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen (6) haramoepense L.Bolus, as ‘karamoepense’ = C. mar-
Ophthalmophyllum friedrichiae (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes (6) ginatum subsp. haramoepense
Ophthalmophyllum triebneri Schwantes (3)
Ophthalmophyllum vanheerdei L.Bolus (3) heleniae Rawe = C. tantillum subsp. heleniae
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 900–1100 helmutii Lavis = C. stephanii subsp. helmutii
m. N, NC hermarium (S.A.Hammer) S.A.Hammer
frutescens Schwantes C. smorenskaduense de Boer subsp. hermarium S.A.Hammer (8)
C. notabile N.E.Br. (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 1000–1190
C. salmonicolor L.Bolus (3) m. NC
C. teguliflorum Tischer (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 300–540 m. herreanthus S.A.Hammer subsp. herreanthus
Herreanthus meyeri Schwantes (3)
NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt ± 780 m. NC
fulleri L.Bolus
C. wiesemannianum Schwantes (3) herreanthus S.A.Hammer subsp. rex S.A.Hammer
m. NC NC
geometricum Lavis = C. violaciflorum herrei Schwantes = C. minusculum subsp. minisculum
germanum N.E.Br. = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordel- hians N.E.Br.
lum var. obcordellum C. elongatum Schick & Tischer (3)
C. hians N.E.Br. var. acuminatum L.Bolus (3)
geyeri L.Bolus = C. jucundum subsp. jucundum C. hirtum Schwantes (3)
giftbergense Tischer = C. obcordellum subsp. C. miserum N.E.Br. (3)
obcordellum var. obcordellum C. parvimarinum L.Bolus (3)
glabrum Tischer = C. minutum var. minutum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 130–1000
m. NC
globosum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
C. globosum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. vanbredae (L.Bolus) Rawe (3) hians N.E.Br. var. acuminatum L.Bolus = C. hians
C. obovatum Lavis var. obovatum (3)
C. obovatum Lavis var. obtusum L.Bolus (3) hillii L.Bolus = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme
C. vanbredae L.Bolus (3) hirtum Schwantes = C. hians
Mesembryanthemum globosum N.E.Br. (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 300–580 m. hirtum Schwantes var. baradii Rawe = C. kling-
NC hardtense subsp. baradii
globosum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. vanbredae (L.Bolus) impressum Tischer = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordel-
Rawe = C. globosum lum var. obcordellum
globuliforme Schick & Tischer = C. meyeri inclusum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
gonapense L.Bolus var. gonapense = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum
bilobum var. bilobum incurvum N.E.Br. var. incurvum = C. bilobum subsp.
gonapense L.Bolus var. numeesicum L.Bolus = C. bilobum var. bilobum
incurvum N.E.Br. var. leucanthum (Lavis) Tischer = C.
gracile N.E.Br. var. gracile = C. bilobum subsp. altum bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum
gracile N.E.Br. var. majusculum L.Bolus = C. bilobum
subsp. altum indefinitum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
bilobum
graciliramosum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. altum
gracilistylum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. indutum L.Bolus = C. obscurum subsp. obscurum
gracilistylum inornatum N.E.Br. (insufficiently known)

Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’ kennedyi L.Bolus = C. lithopsoides subsp. lithopsoides
insigne L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. khamiesbergense (L.Bolus) Schwantes
bilobum Berrisfordia khamiesbergensis L.Bolus (3)
intermedium L.Bolus = C. loeschianum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1200–1500
intrepidum L.Bolus = C. bolusiae subsp. bolusiae m. NC
irmae S.A.Hammer & Barnhill klaverense N.E.Br. = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordel-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt ± 750 m. lum var. obcordellum
NC klinghardtense Rawe subsp. baradii (Rawe) S.A.Ham-
jacobsenianum Tischer = C. jucundum subsp. jucun- mer
C. hirtum Schwantes var. baradii Rawe (3)
dum
jarmilae Halda
C. danielii Pavelka (6) m. N
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1000–1150 klinghardtense Rawe subsp. klinghardtense
m. NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 700–1120
johannis-winkleri (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. = C. m. N
pageae klipbokbergense L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum
joubertii Lavis var. bilobum
C. viride Tischer (3) komkansicum L.Bolus = C. calculus subsp. calculus
WC koubergense L.Bolus = C. lithopsoides subsp. kouber-
gense
jucundum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. fragile (Tischer)
S.A.Hammer koupense Tischer = C. truncatum subsp. viridicatum
C. avenantii L.Bolus (8) kubusanum N.E.Br.
C. fragile Tischer (8) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 300–800 m.
C. middlemostii L.Bolus (8)
C. nordenstamii L.Bolus (8) NC
C. wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. fragile (Tischer) labiatum Tischer = C. pageae
S.A.Hammer (8)
labyrintheum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. minimum
NC lacteum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
jucundum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. jucundum bilobum
C. admiraalii L.Bolus (3) laetum L.Bolus var. extractum (Tischer) Rawe = C.
C. geyeri L.Bolus (3) meyeri
C. gratum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. gratum (6)
C. jacobsenianum Tischer (6) laetum L.Bolus var. laetum = C. meyeri
C. longistylum N.E.Br. (3) lambertense Schick & Tischer var. conspicuum Rawe =
C. maximum Tischer (3)
C. orbicum N.E.Br. ex Tischer (3) C. obcordellum subsp. obcordellum var.
C. praegratum Tischer (3) obcordellum
C. rarum N.E.Br. (3) lambertense Schick & Tischer var. lambertense = C.
C. robustum Tischer (3)
Mesembryanthemum gratum N.E.Br. (6) obcordellum subsp. obcordellum var. obcordel-
Mesembryanthemum jucundum N.E.Br. (3) lum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 700–1100 lambertense Schick & Tischer var. rolfii (de Boer) Rawe
m. N, NC = C. obcordellum subsp. rolfii
jucundum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. marlothii (N.E.Br.) largum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
S.A.Hammer bilobum
C. fraternum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. leptanthum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (3)
C. gratum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. marlothii (N.E.Br.) S.A.Ham- latum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
mer (6) bilobum
C. leptanthum L.Bolus (3)
C. marlothii N.E.Br. (3) lavisianum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 700–850 m. bilobum
NC lavranosii Rawe var. cuneatum Rawe = C. taylorianum
jucundum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. ruschii (Schwantes) subsp. taylorianum
S.A.Hammer lavranosii Rawe var. lavranosii = C. taylorianum
C. ruschii Schwantes var. obtusipetalum L.Bolus (8) subsp. taylorianum
C. ruschii Schwantes var. ruschii (8)
C. speciosum Tischer (8) laxipetalum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
C. wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. ruschii (Schwantes) bilobum
S.A.Hammer (8)
C. wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. oculatum L.Bolus, semi- leightoniae L.Bolus = C. piluliforme subsp. piluli-
naked name (8) forme
C. wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. speciosum (Tischer) Tischer (8)
leipoldtii N.E.Br. = C. minusculum subsp. leipoldtii
m. NC lekkersingense L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum
julii Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen = C. uviforme subsp. var. bilobum
uviforme leopardinum L.Bolus = C. meyeri

leptanthum L.Bolus = C. jucundum subsp. marlothii luckhoffii Lavis

C. edwardsiae Lavis (3)
leucanthum Lavis = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
bilobum
WC
leucanthum Lavis var. multipetalum L.Bolus = C. luiseae Schwantes = C. bilobum subsp. altum
luiseae Schwantes var. papillatum L.Bolus, semi-naked
leviculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. minimum name = C. bilobum subsp. altum
lilianum Littlew. = C. pellucidum subsp. pellucidum luteolum L.Bolus var. luteolum = C. flavum subsp.
var. lilianum novicium
limbatum N.E.Br. = C. ectypum subsp. ectypum luteolum L.Bolus var. macrostigma L.Bolus = C.
limpidum S.A.Hammer flavum subsp. novicium
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 900–1100 luteum N.E.Br. = C. flavum subsp. flavum
m. NC lydiae (H.Jacobsen) G.D.Rowley
lindenianum Lavis & S.A.Hammer = C. tantillum C. spathulatum (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley (3)
Ophthalmophyllum lydiae H.Jacobsen (3)
subsp. lindenianum Ophthalmophyllum spathulatum L.Bolus (3)
linearilucidum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 950–1140
var. linearilucidum m. NC
literatum N.E.Br., semi-naked name = C. minimum marginatum Lavis subsp. haramoepense (L.Bolus)
lithopsoides L.Bolus subsp. arthurolfago S.A.Hammer S.A.Hammer
= C. arthurolfago C. haramoepense L.Bolus, as ‘karmoepense’(8)
C. marginatum Lavis var. haramoepense (L.Bolus) Rawe, as ‘kar-
lithopsoides L.Bolus subsp. boreale (L.Bolus) S.A.Ham- moepense’ (8)
mer C. senarium L.Bolus (8)
C. boreale L.Bolus (3) C. triebneri Schwantes (8)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 710–960 m. Ophthalmophyllum haramoepense L.Bolus (3)
NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 940–1200
m. NC
lithopsoides L.Bolus subsp. koubergense (L.Bolus)
S.A.Hammer marginatum Lavis subsp. littlewoodii (L.Bolus) S.A.
C. koubergense L.Bolus (3) Hammer
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.023 m. Alt 1000– C. littlewoodii L.Bolus (8)
C. marginatum Lavis var. littlewoodii (L.Bolus) Rawe (8)
1200 m. NC
lithopsoides L.Bolus subsp. lithopsoides m. N, NC
C. kennedyi L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 870–1100 marginatum Lavis subsp. marginatum
m. NC
litorale L.Bolus = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme
littlewoodii L.Bolus = C. marginatum subsp. little- marginatum Lavis var. eenkokerense (L.Bolus) Rawe =
woodii C. tantillum subsp. eenkokerense
loeschianum Tischer marginatum Lavis var. haramoepense (L.Bolus) Rawe =
C. intermedium L.Bolus (3) C. marginatum subsp. haramoepense
C. rubricarinatum Tischer (3)
C. saxetanum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. loeschianum (Tischer) Rawe (3) marginatum Lavis var. littlewoodii (L.Bolus) Rawe = C.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 540–1200 marginatum subsp. littlewoodii
m. N, NC markoetterae Schwantes = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum
longibracteatum L.Bolus var. bilobum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 300–780 m. marlothii N.E.Br. = C. jucundum subsp. marlothii
NC
maughanii N.E.Br. subsp. armeniacum S.A.Hammer
longifissum Tischer = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordel- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 700–1000
lum var. obcordellum m. NC
longipetalum L.Bolus = C. pageae maughanii N.E.Br. subsp. latum (Tischer) S.A.Ham-
longistylum N.E.Br. = C. jucundum subsp. jucundum mer
longitubum L.Bolus = C. truncatum subsp. viridica- C. discrepans G.D.Rowley forma discrepans (3)
C. discrepans G.D.Rowley forma rubrum (Tischer) G.D.Rowley (3)
tum C. noctiflorum (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley (3)
longum N.E.Br. Ophthalmophyllum latum Tischer forma latum (3)
C. rawei G.D.Rowley (3) Ophthalmophyllum latum Tischer forma rubrum (Tischer)
Ophthalmophyllum fulleri Lavis (6) G.D.Rowley (3)
Ophthalmophyllum longitubum L.Bolus (3) Ophthalmophyllum noctiflorum L.Bolus (3)
Ophthalmophyllum longum (N.E.Br.) Tischer (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 740–1200
Ophthalmophyllum schlechteri Schwantes (6) m. NC
maughanii N.E.Br. subsp. maughanii
m. NC C. rufescens N.E.Br. (3)
lucipunctum N.E.Br. = C. subfenestratum Ophthalmophyllum maughanii (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (3)

Ophthalmophyllum rufescens (N.E.Br.) Tischer (6) C. perpusillum (Haw.) N.E.Br. (3)

Ophthalmophyllum schuldtii Schwantes (6) C. petraeum N.E.Br. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 950–1200 C. pictum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. polulum N.E.Br. (3)
m. NC C. praecinctum N.E.Br. (3)
maximum Tischer = C. jucundum subsp. jucundum C. pusillum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. radiatum Tischer (3)
meleagris L.Bolus = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme C. scitulum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
membranaceum L.Bolus = C. breve C. signatum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. vagum N.E.Br. (3)
meridianum L.Bolus var. meridianum = C. pellucidum C. wittebergense de Boer (3)
subsp. cupreatum Mesembryanthemum labyrintheum N.E.Br. (3)
Mesembryanthemum leviculum N.E.Br. (3)
meridianum L.Bolus var. pulverulentum L.Bolus = C. Mesembryanthemum minimum Haw. (6)
pellucidum subsp. cupreatum Mesembryanthemum obmetale N.E.Br. (3)
meyerae Schwantes forma alatum Tischer = C. bilobum Mesembryanthemum pauxillum N.E.Br. (3)
Mesembryanthemum perpusillum Haw. (3)
subsp. bilobum var. bilobum Mesembryanthemum pictum N.E.Br. (3)
meyerae Schwantes forma apiculatum (N.E.Br.) Tischer, Mesembryanthemum pusillum N.E.Br. (3)
invalid combination = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum Mesembryanthemum scitulum N.E.Br. (3)
Mesembryanthemum signatum N.E.Br. (3)
var. bilobum
meyerae Schwantes forma asperulum (L.Bolus) H.Jacob- m. WC
sen = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum
minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. aestiflorens
meyerae Schwantes forma meyerae = C. bilobum subsp. S.A.Hammer & T.C.Smale
bilobum var. bilobum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1400–2050
meyerae Schwantes forma pole-evansii (N.E.Br.) m. WC
Tischer, invalid combination = C. bilobum subsp. minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. leipoldtii (N.E.Br.)
bilobum var. bilobum S.A.Hammer
meyeri N.E.Br. C. leipoldtii N.E.Br. (3)
C. candidum L.Bolus (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 980–1300
C. corculum Schwantes (3) m. WC
C. ecarinatum L.Bolus var. candidum (L.Bolus) Rawe (3)
C. extractum Tischer (3) minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. minisculum
C. globuliforme Schick & Tischer (3) C. herrei Schwantes (3)
C. laetum L.Bolus var. extractum (Tischer) Rawe (3) C. minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. paucilineatum Rawe (3)
C. laetum L.Bolus var. laetum (3) C. minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. reticulatum (L.Bolus) Rawe
C. leopardinum L.Bolus (3) ex G.D.Rowley forma reticulatum (3)
C. meyeri N.E.Br. var. globuliforme (Schick & Tischer) Rawe (3) C. minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. reticulatum (L.Bolus) Rawe ex
C. meyeri N.E.Br. var. meyeri forma semilunulum (Tischer) Rawe (3) G.D.Rowley forma roseum (G.D.Rowley) G.D.Rowley (3)
C. meyeri N.E.Br. var. quinarium L.Bolus (3) C. minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. roseum (G.D.Rowley) Tischer (3)
C. meyeri N.E.Br. var. ramosum (Lavis) Rawe (3) C. reticulatum L.Bolus (3)
C. microstoma L.Bolus (3) C. reticulatum L.Bolus forma roseum G.D.Rowley (3)
C. nanum Tischer (3) Mesembryanthemum minisculum N.E.Br. (3)
C. niveum L.Bolus (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 800–1400
C. ovigerum Schwantes (3) m. WC
C. papillatum L.Bolus (6)
C. puberulum Lavis (3) minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. paucilineatum Rawe
C. ramosum Lavis (3) = C. minusculum subsp. minisculum
C. retusum N.E.Br. (3)
C. semilunulum Tischer (3) minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. reticulatum (L.Bolus)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 130–980 m. Rawe ex G.D.Rowley forma reticulatum = C.
NC minusculum subsp. minisculum
meyeri N.E.Br. var. globuliforme (Schick & Tischer) minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. reticulatum (L.Bolus)
Rawe = C. meyeri Rawe ex G.D.Rowley forma roseum (G.D.Rowley)
meyeri N.E.Br. var. meyeri forma semilunulum (Tischer) G.D.Rowley = C. minusculum subsp. miniscu-
Rawe = C. meyeri lum
meyeri N.E.Br. var. quinarium L.Bolus = C. meyeri minusculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. roseum (G.D.Rowley)
Tischer = C. minusculum subsp. minisculum
meyeri N.E.Br. var. ramosum (Lavis) Rawe = C. meyeri
minutiflorum (Schwantes) N.E.Br. = C. pageae
microstoma L.Bolus = C. meyeri
middlemostii L.Bolus = C. jucundum subsp. fragile minutum (Haw.) N.E.Br. forma sellatum (Tischer) Rawe
= C. minutum var. minutum
minimum (Haw.) N.E.Br.
C. albifissum Tischer (3) minutum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. minutum
C. batesii N.E.Br. (3) C. braunsii Tischer (6)
C. brevilineatum Tischer (3) C. glabrum Tischer (6)
C. labyrintheum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3) C. minutum (Haw.) N.E.Br. forma sellatum (Tischer) Rawe (3)
C. leviculum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3) C. minutum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. laxum Lavis (3)
C. literatum N.E.Br., semi-naked name (3) C. minutum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. sellatum (Tischer) Boom (3)
C. notatum N.E.Br. (3) C. sellatum Tischer (3)
C. obmetale (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3) C. tubatum Tischer (6)
C. pauxillum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3) Mesembryanthemum minutum Haw. (3)

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 30–580 m. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. subsp. obcordellum var.
NC, WC ceresianum (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer
C. ceresianum L.Bolus (6)
minutum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. laxum Lavis = C. minu- C. ceresianum L.Bolus var. divergens (L.Bolus) Rawe (6)
tum var. minutum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 650–900 m.
minutum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. nudum (Tischer) Boom WC
C. nudum Tischer (8)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 120–350 m. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. subsp. obcordellum var.
WC obcordellum
C. declinatum L.Bolus (3)
minutum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. pearsonii (N.E.Br.) C. divergens L.Bolus (6)
Boom C. germanum N.E.Br. (3)
C. pearsonii N.E.Br. var. latisectum L.Bolus (8) C. giftbergense Tischer (6)
C. pearsonii N.E.Br. var. minor N.E.Br. (8) C. impressum Tischer (3)
C. pearsonii N.E.Br. var. pearsonii (8) C. klaverense N.E.Br. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 120–580 m. C. lambertense Schick & Tischer var. conspicuum Rawe (3)
C. lambertense Schick & Tischer var. lambertense (3)
NC, WC C. longifissum Tischer (6)
minutum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. sellatum (Tischer) Boom = C. multicolor Tischer (3)
C. minutum var. minutum C. mundum N.E.Br. (3)
C. nevillei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
mirabile A.R.Mitch. & S.A.Hammer C. obconellum (Haw.) Schwantes (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1100–1340 C. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. germanum (N.E.Br.) Rawe (3)
m. NC C. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. mundum (N.E.Br.) Rawe forma
mundum (3)
misellum N.E.Br. = C. saxetanum C. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. mundum (N.E.Br.) Rawe forma
miserum N.E.Br. = C. hians picturatum (N.E.Br.) Rawe (3)
C. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. mundum (N.E.Br.) Rawe forma
modestum L.Bolus = C. quaesitum subsp. quaesitum stayneri (L.Bolus) Rawe (6)
var. quaesitum C. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. mundum (N.E.Br.) Rawe forma
morganii Lavis = C. truncatum subsp. truncatum var. ursprungianum (Tischer) Rawe (3)
C. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. obcordellum forma declinatum
truncatum (L.Bolus) Tischer (3)
muirii N.E.Br. = C. truncatum subsp. viridicatum C. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. obcordellum forma multicolor
(Tischer) Tischer (3)
multicolor Tischer = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordel- C. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. obcordellum forma picturatum
lum var. obcordellum (N.E.Br.) Tischer (3)
C. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. parvipetalum (N.E.Br.) Tischer (3)
multipunctatum Tischer = C. truncatum subsp. trunca- C. parviflorum N.E.Br. (3)
tum var. truncatum C. parviflorum N.E.Br. var. impressum (Tischer) Tischer (6)
mundum N.E.Br. = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordel- C. parvipetalum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. picturatum N.E.Br. (3)
lum var. obcordellum C. spectabile Lavis (3)
muscosipapillatum Lavis = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum C. ursprungianum Tischer var. stayneri L.Bolus (6)
var. muscosipapillatum C. ursprungianum Tischer var. ursprungianum (3)
Mesembryanthemum nevillei N.E.Br. (3)
namibense N.E.Br. = C. saxetanum Mesembryanthemum obconellum Haw. (3)
namiesicum L.Bolus = C. calculus subsp. vanzylii Mesembryanthemum obcordellum Haw. (3)
Mesembryanthemum parvipetalum N.E.Br. (3)
nanum Tischer = C. meyeri Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 600–1650
nelianum Schwantes = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. m. NC, WC
bilobum obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. subsp. rolfii (de Boer)
nevillei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. obcordellum subsp. S.A.Hammer
obcordellum var. obcordellum C. lambertense Schick & Tischer var. rolfii (de Boer) Rawe (3)
C. rolfii de Boer (3)
niveum L.Bolus = C. meyeri Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 20–180 m.
noctiflorum (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley = C. maughanii WC
subsp. latum obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. subsp. stenandrum
noisabisense L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer
var. bilobum C. stenandrum L.Bolus (3)
nordenstamii L.Bolus = C. jucundum subsp. fragile
m. NC, WC
notabile N.E.Br. = C. frutescens obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. germanum (N.E.Br.)
notatum N.E.Br. = C. minimum Rawe = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordellum var.
novellum N.E.Br. = C. truncatum subsp. viridicatum obcordellum
novicium N.E.Br. = C. flavum subsp. novicium obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. mundum (N.E.Br.)
Rawe forma mundum = C. obcordellum subsp.
nudum Tischer = C. minutum var. nudum
obcordellum var. obcordellum
nutaboiense Tischer = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. mundum (N.E.Br.)
bilobum Rawe forma picturatum (N.E.Br.) Rawe = C.
obconellum (Haw.) Schwantes = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordellum subsp. obcordellum var. obcordel-
obcordellum var. obcordellum lum

obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. mundum (N.E.Br.) C. aequatum L.Bolus (3)

Rawe forma stayneri (L.Bolus) Rawe = C. C. breve N.E.Br. var. minutiflorum (Schwantes) Rawe (3)
C. calculus (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. protusum L.Bolus (3)
obcordellum subsp. obcordellum var. obcordel- C. forresteri L.Bolus (3)
lum C. johannis-winkleri (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. (3)
obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. mundum (N.E.Br.) C. labiatum Tischer (3)
C. longipetalum L.Bolus (3)
Rawe forma ursprungianum (Tischer) Rawe = C. C. minutiflorum (Schwantes) N.E.Br. (3)
obcordellum subsp. obcordellum var. obcordel- C. pageae (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. albiflorum Rawe (3)
lum C. pauperae L.Bolus (3)
C. poellnitzianum Schwantes (3)
obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. obcordellum forma C. productum L.Bolus (3)
declinatum (L.Bolus) Tischer = C. obcordellum C. schickianum Tischer (3)
subsp. obcordellum var. obcordellum C. subrisum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. tenuisectum L.Bolus (3)
obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. obcordellum forma C. thudichumii L.Bolus (3)
multicolor (Tischer) Tischer = C. obcordellum C. udabibense Loesch & Tischer (3)
subsp. obcordellum var. obcordellum Mesembryanthemum johannis-winkleri Dinter & Schwantes (3)
Mesembryanthemum pageae N.E.Br. (3)
obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. obcordellum forma Mesembryanthemum subrisum N.E.Br. (3)
picturatum (N.E.Br.) Tischer = C. obcordellum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 350–700 m.
subsp. obcordellum var. obcordellum NC, WC
obcordellum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. parvipetalum (N.E.Br.) pageae (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. albiflorum Rawe = C.
Tischer = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordellum pageae
var. obcordellum
pageae (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. pygmaeum (Schick &
obmetale (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. minimum Tischer) Rawe in sense of Rawe = C. stevens-
obovatum Lavis var. obovatum = C. globosum jonesianum
obovatum Lavis var. obtusum L.Bolus = C. globosum pallidum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. ficiforme
obscurum N.E.Br. subsp. barbatum (L.Bolus) papillatum L.Bolus = C. meyeri
S.A.Hammer
C. barbatum L.Bolus (6) pardicolor Tischer = C. pellucidum subsp. pellucidum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 750–980 m. pardivisum Tischer = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme
NC
parviflorum N.E.Br. = C. obcordellum subsp.
obscurum N.E.Br. subsp. obscurum obcordellum var. obcordellum
C. clavatum L.Bolus (3)
C. indutum L.Bolus (6) parviflorum N.E.Br. var. impressum (Tischer) Tischer =
C. pulchellum Tischer (3) C. obcordellum subsp. obcordellum var.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 750–1000 obcordellum
m. NC parvimarinum L.Bolus = C. hians
obscurum N.E.Br. subsp. sponsaliorum (S.A.Hammer) parvipetalum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. obcordellum
S.A.Hammer subsp. obcordellum var. obcordellum
C. bachelorum S.A.Hammer subsp. sponsaliorum S.A.Hammer (8)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt ± 680 m. parvipunctum Tischer = C. truncatum subsp. trunca-
NC tum var. truncatum
obscurum N.E.Br. subsp. vitreopapillum (Rawe) parvulum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
S.A.Hammer bilobum
C. vitreopapillum Rawe (3) paucipunctum Tischer = C. breve
pauperae L.Bolus = C. pageae
NC
pauxillum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. minimum
obtusum N.E.Br. var. amplum (L.Bolus) Rawe = C.
bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum pearsonii N.E.Br. var. latisectum L.Bolus = C. minu-
tum var. pearsonii
obtusum N.E.Br. var. obtusum = C. bilobum subsp.
bilobum var. bilobum pearsonii N.E.Br. var. minor N.E.Br. = C. minutum var.
pearsonii
occultum L.Bolus = C. uviforme subsp. decoratum
pearsonii N.E.Br. var. pearsonii = C. minutum var.
odoratum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. ficiforme
pearsonii
orbicum N.E.Br. ex Tischer = C. jucundum subsp.
peersii Lavis var. multipunctatum (Tischer) Rawe = C.
jucundum
truncatum subsp. truncatum var. truncatum
orientale L.Bolus = C. truncatum subsp. truncatum
peersii Lavis var. peersii = C. truncatum subsp. trun-
var. truncatum
catum var. truncatum
ornatum Lavis = C. flavum subsp. flavum
pellucidum Schwantes subsp. cupreatum (Tischer)
ovatum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. S.A.Hammer var. cupreatum
bilobum C. astylum L.Bolus (3)
C. cupreatum Tischer (3)
ovigerum Schwantes = C. meyeri C. meridianum L.Bolus var. meridianum (3)
pageae (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. C. meridianum L.Bolus var. pulverulentum L.Bolus (3)

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 870–1050 C. piluliforme (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. brevipetalum (Lavis) Rawe (3)
m. NC C. subconfusum Tischer (3)
Mesembryanthemum aggregatum Haw. ex N.E.Br. (3)
pellucidum Schwantes subsp. cupreatum (Tischer) Mesembryanthemum piluliforme N.E.Br. (3)
S.A.Hammer var. terrestre (Tischer) S.A.Hammer Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 390–600 m.
C. terrestre Tischer (8) WC
piluliforme (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. advenum (N.E.Br.)
NC
Rawe = C. piluliforme subsp. piluliforme
pellucidum Schwantes subsp. pellucidum var. lilia-
piluliforme (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. brevipetalum (Lavis)
num (Littlew.) S.A.Hammer
C. lilianum Littlew. (8) Rawe = C. piluliforme subsp. piluliforme
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 420–600 m. piriforme L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
NC bilobum
pellucidum Schwantes subsp. pellucidum var. neohal- pisinnum N.E.Br. = C. truncatum subsp. viridicatum
lii S.A.Hammer placitum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. placitum = C. ficiforme
placitum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. pubescens Littlew. = C.
m. NC
ficiforme
pellucidum Schwantes subsp. pellucidum var. pellu-
plenum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
cidum
C. areolatum Littlew. (3) bilobum
C. elegans N.E.Br. (3) pluriforme L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
C. fenestratum Schwantes (3) bilobum
C. pardicolor Tischer (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 350–1050 poellnitzianum Schwantes = C. pageae
m. NC pole-evansii N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
pellucidum Schwantes subsp. pellucidum var. terricol- bilobum
or (Tischer) Littlew. ex S.A.Hammer polulum N.E.Br. = C. minimum
C. terricolor Tischer (3)
polyandrum Lavis = C. velutinum subsp. polyandrum
m. NC praecinctum N.E.Br. = C. minimum
pellucidum Schwantes subsp. saueri S.A.Hammer & praecox N.E.Br. = C. fraternum
T.C.Smale praegratum Tischer = C. jucundum subsp. jucundum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 900–1150 praeparvum N.E.Br. var. praeparvum = C. uviforme
m. NC subsp. uviforme
percrassum Schick & Tischer = C. flavum subsp. praeparvum N.E.Br. var. roseum Lavis = C. uviforme
flavum subsp. uviforme
permaculatum Tischer = C. truncatum subsp. trunca- praesectum N.E.Br.
tum var. truncatum Ophthalmophyllum praesectum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (6)
perpusillum (Haw.) N.E.Br. = C. minimum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1000–1150
petraeum N.E.Br. = C. minimum m. NC
primosii Lavis = C. roodiae
philippi L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
bilobum productum L.Bolus = C. pageae
phoeniceum S.A.Hammer prolongatum L.Bolus = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 700–800 m. proximum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
NC bilobum
pictum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. minimum puberulum Lavis = C. meyeri
picturatum N.E.Br. = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordel- pubescens (Tischer) G.D.Rowley
Ophthalmophyllum pubescens Tischer (3)
lum var. obcordellum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1000–1100
pillansii Lavis = C. subfenestratum m. NC
piluliforme (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. edwardii (Schwantes) pubicalyx Lavis
S.A.Hammer Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 600–1070
C. edwardii Schwantes (3) m. NC
C. rubrum L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 500–650 m. pulchellum Tischer = C. obscurum subsp. obscurum
WC pumilum N.E.Br. = C. breve
piluliforme (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. piluliforme purpusii (Schwantes) N.E.Br. = C. truncatum subsp.
C. advenum N.E.Br. (3) truncatum var. truncatum
C. aggregatum (Haw. ex N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. archeri Lavis var. archeri (3) pusillum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. minimum
C. brevipetalum Lavis (3) pygmaeum Schick & Tischer = C. breve
C. etaylorii Schwantes (3)
C. leightoniae L.Bolus (3) quaesitum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. densipunctum
C. piluliforme (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. advenum (N.E.Br.) Rawe (3) (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer

C. densipunctum L.Bolus (3) C. cylindratum Schwantes (8)

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 1050–1200 C. cylindratum Schwantes var. primosii (Lavis) Rawe (8)
m. N Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 650–1100
m. NC
quaesitum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. quaesitum var.
quaesitum roodiae N.E.Br. subsp. roodiae
C. modestum L.Bolus (6) C. hallii L.Bolus (3)
C. quartziticum Tischer (3) C. primosii Lavis (3)
Mesembryanthemum quaesitum N.E.Br. (3) C. rubroniveum L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 700–1200 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 780–1250
m. NC m. NC
quaesitum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. quaesitum var. roodiae N.E.Br. subsp. sanguineum (S.A.Hammer)
rostratum (Tischer) S.A.Hammer T.C.Smale
C. rostratum Tischer (6) C. rugosum S.A.Hammer subsp. sanguineum S.A.Hammer (6)
m. NC m. NC
quartziticum Tischer = C. quaesitum subsp. quaesitum rooipanense L.Bolus = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme
var. quaesitum rostratum Tischer = C. quaesitum subsp. quaesitum
radiatum Tischer = C. minimum var. rostratum
ramosum Lavis = C. meyeri rubricarinatum Tischer = C. loeschianum
rarum N.E.Br. = C. jucundum subsp. jucundum rubristylosum Tischer = C. flavum subsp. novicium
ratum S.A.Hammer rubrolineatum Rawe = C. swanepoelianum subsp.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 800–950 m. rubrolineatum
NC rubroniveum L.Bolus = C. roodiae subsp. roodiae
rauhii Tischer = C. uviforme subsp. rauhii rubrum L.Bolus = C. piluliforme subsp. edwardii
rawei G.D.Rowley = C. longum rufescens N.E.Br. = C. maughanii subsp. maughanii
recisum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. rugosum S.A.Hammer
bilobum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 200–1200
reconditum A.R.Mitch. subsp. buysianum (A.R.Mitch. m. NC, WC
& S.A.Hammer) S.A.Hammer
C. buysianum A.R.Mitch. & S.A.Hammer (3) rugosum S.A.Hammer subsp. sanguineum S.A.Hammer
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 980–1100 = C. roodiae subsp. sanguineum
m. NC ruschii Schwantes var. obtusipetalum L.Bolus = C.
reconditum A.R.Mitch. subsp. reconditum jucundum subsp. ruschii
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 430–1150 ruschii Schwantes var. ruschii = C. jucundum subsp.
m. NC ruschii
regale Lavis salmonicolor L.Bolus = C. frutescens
saxetanum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
m. NC C. exiguum N.E.Br. (3)
renniei Lavis = C. truncatum subsp. truncatum var. C. graessneri Tischer (3)
truncatum C. misellum N.E.Br. (3)
C. namibense N.E.Br. (6)
renominatum G.D.Rowley = C. friedrichiae C. saxetanum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. forma hallianum G.D.Rowley (3)
reticulatum L.Bolus = C. minusculum subsp. miniscu- C. saxetanum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. misellum (N.E.Br.) Rawe (3)
C. vescum N.E.Br. (3)
lum Mesembryanthemum saxetanum N.E.Br. (6)
reticulatum L.Bolus forma roseum G.D.Rowley = C. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 20–1125 m.
minusculum subsp. minisculum N, NC
retusum N.E.Br. = C. meyeri saxetanum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. forma hallianum G.D.Rowley
ricardianum Loesch & Tischer subsp. ricardianum = C. saxetanum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 690–970 m. saxetanum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. loeschianum (Tischer)
N Rawe = C. loeschianum
ricardianum Loesch & Tischer subsp. rubriflorum saxetanum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. misellum (N.E.Br.)
Tischer Rawe = C. saxetanum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 650–1050 schickianum Tischer = C. pageae
m. N
schlechteri Schwantes
robustum Tischer = C. jucundum subsp. jucundum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 700–1050
rolfii de Boer = C. obcordellum subsp. rolfii m. NC
roodiae N.E.Br. subsp. corrugatum T.C.Smale schwantesii G.D.Rowley = C. friedrichiae
m. NC scitulum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. minimum
roodiae N.E.Br. subsp. cylindratum (Schwantes) sellatum Tischer = C. minutum var. minutum
T.C.Smale semilunulum Tischer = C. meyeri

semivestitum L.Bolus subacutum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt? NC bilobum
senarium L.Bolus = C. marginatum subsp. hara- subconfusum Tischer = C. piluliforme subsp. piluli-
moepense forme
signatum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. minimum subcylindricum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum
simile N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. bilo- var. bilobum
bum subfenestratum Schwantes
C. edithiae N.E.Br. (3)
simplum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. C. lucipunctum N.E.Br. (3)
bilobum C. pillansii Lavis (3)
singulare G.D.Rowley = C. caroli Ophthalmophyllum subfenestratum (Schwantes) Tischer (6)
sitzlerianum Schwantes = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum m. WC
var. bilobum
subglobosum Tischer = C. truncatum subsp. trunca-
smithersii L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. tum var. truncatum
bilobum
subincanum Tischer = C. uviforme subsp. subincanum
smorenskaduense de Boer
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1000–1190 subrisum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = C. pageae
m. NC subtenue L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
smorenskaduense de Boer subsp. hermarium S.A.Hammer bilobum
= C. hermarium subterraneum T.C.Smale & T.Jacobs
sororium N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m, when in flower.
bilobum Alt 750–1100 m. NC
spathulatum (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley = C. lydiae subtile N.E.Br. = C. breve
speciosum Tischer = C. jucundum subsp. ruschii sulcatum L.Bolus = C. ectypum subsp. sulcatum
spectabile Lavis = C. obcordellum subsp. obcordellum supremum L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
var. obcordellum bilobum
spirale N.E.Br. = C. truncatum subsp. truncatum var. swanepoelianum Rawe subsp. proliferans S.A.Ham-
truncatum mer
springbokense N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 750–980 m.
var. bilobum NC
stegmannianum L.Bolus = C. truncatum subsp. trun- swanepoelianum Rawe subsp. rubrolineatum (Rawe)
catum var. truncatum S.A.Hammer
C. rubrolineatum Rawe (8)
stenandrum L.Bolus = C. obcordellum subsp. stenan- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 600–850 m.
drum NC
stephanii Schwantes subsp. abductum S.A.Hammer = swanepoelianum Rawe subsp. swanepoelianum
C. stephanii subsp. stephanii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 800–1100
stephanii Schwantes subsp. helmutii (Lavis) S.A.Ham- m. NC
mer tantillum N.E.Br. subsp. amicorum S.A.Hammer &
C. helmutii Lavis (3)
Barnhill
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt ± 850 m.
m. NC
NC
stephanii Schwantes subsp. stephanii
C. stephanii Schwantes subsp. abductum S.A.Hammer (6) tantillum N.E.Br. subsp. eenkokerense (L.Bolus)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 600–1169 S.A.Hammer
C. eenkokerense L.Bolus (8)
m. NC C. marginatum Lavis var. eenkokerense (L.Bolus) Rawe (8)
stevens-jonesianum L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1050–1150
C. pageae (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. pygmaeum (Schick & Tischer) m. NC
Rawe in sense of Rawe (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 500–1110 tantillum N.E.Br. subsp. heleniae (Rawe) S.A.Hammer
C. heleniae Rawe (3)
m. NC
steytlervillense Tischer = C. truncatum subsp. trunca- m. NC
tum var. truncatum
tantillum N.E.Br. subsp. inexpectatum S.A.Hammer
stipitatum L.Bolus = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 750–1000
strictum L.Bolus var. inaequale L.Bolus = C. bilobum m. NC
subsp. bilobum var. bilobum
tantillum N.E.Br. subsp. lindenianum (Lavis &
strictum L.Bolus var. strictum = C. bilobum subsp. S.A.Hammer) S.A.Hammer
bilobum var. bilobum C. lindenianum Lavis & S.A.Hammer (3)
stylosum (N.E.Br.) Tischer = C. bilobum subsp. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 650–950 m.
bilobum var. bilobum NC

tantillum N.E.Br. subsp. tantillum C. truncatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. truncatum forma rennei (Lavis)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1050–1150 Tischer (3)
C. wagneriorum Schwantes (3)
m. NC Mesembryanthemum purpusii Schwantes (3)
taylorianum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 440–950 m.
ernianum (Loesch & Tischer) de Boer ex NC, WC, EC
S.A.Hammer truncatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. subsp. truncatum var.
C. ernianum Loesch & Tischer (3)
wiggettiae (N.E.Br.) Rawe
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 600–1114 C. wiggettiae N.E.Br. (8)
m. N Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 440–950 m.
taylorianum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. WC
rosynense S.A.Hammer truncatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. subsp. viridicatum (N.E.Br.)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 600–1200 S.A.Hammer
m. NC C. archeri Lavis var. stayneri L.Bolus (3)
C. catervum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
taylorianum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. tay- C. complanatum L.Bolus (3)
lorianum C. dispar N.E.Br. (3)
C. lavranosii Rawe var. cuneatum Rawe (3) C. koupense Tischer (3)
C. lavranosii Rawe var. lavranosii (3) C. longitubum L.Bolus (3)
Mesembryanthemum taylorianum Dinter & Schwantes (3) C. muirii N.E.Br. (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 650–1125 C. novellum N.E.Br. (3)
m. N C. pisinnum N.E.Br. (3)
C. viridicatum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. pisinnum (N.E.Br.) Rawe (6)
tectum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var. C. viridicatum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. punctatum N.E.Br. (3)
bilobum C. viridicatum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. viridicatum (3)
Mesembryanthemum catervum N.E.Br. (3)
teguliflorum Tischer = C. frutescens Mesembryanthemum pisinnum N.E.Br. (3)
tenuisectum L.Bolus = C. pageae Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 550–1250
terrestre Tischer = C. pellucidum subsp. cupreatum m. WC
terricolor Tischer = C. pellucidum subsp. pellucidum truncatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. brevitubum (Lavis)
var. terricolor Tischer = C. truncatum subsp. truncatum var.
truncatum
tetracarpum Lavis = C. flavum subsp. flavum
truncatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. truncatum forma
thudichumi L.Bolus = C. pageae parvipunctum (Tischer) Tischer = C. truncatum
tinctum Lavis = C. flavum subsp. flavum subsp. truncatum var. truncatum
tischeri Schick = C. velutinum subsp. velutinum truncatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. truncatum forma ren-
tischleri Schwantes = C. ectypum subsp. ectypum nei (Lavis) Tischer = C. truncatum subsp. trun-
catum var. truncatum
tomasi Halda
C. hanae Pavelka (8) tubatum Tischer = C. minutum var. minutum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 1000–1300 tumidum N.E.Br. = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
m. NC bilobum
translucens N.E.Br. = C. truncatum subsp. truncatum tumidum N.E.Br. var. asperulum L.Bolus = C. bilobum
var. truncatum subsp. bilobum var. bilobum
triebneri Schwantes = C. marginatum subsp. hara- turbiniforme Rawe = C. auriflorum subsp. turbini-
moepense forme
truncatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. subsp. truncatum var. turrigerum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
Mesembryanthemum turrigerum N.E.Br. (3)
truncatum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 200–880 m.
C. albertense (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (3)
C. brevitubum Lavis (3) WC
C. calitzdorpense L.Bolus (6) udabibense Loesch & Tischer = C. pageae
C. calitzdorpense Tischer (6)
C. cibdelum N.E.Br. (3) umdausense L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
C. morganii Lavis (3) bilobum
C. multipunctatum Tischer (3)
C. orientale L.Bolus (3) ursprungianum Tischer var. stayneri L.Bolus = C.
C. parvipunctum Tischer (3) obcordellum subsp. obcordellum var. obcordel-
C. peersii Lavis var. multipunctatum (Tischer) Rawe (3) lum
C. peersii Lavis var. peersii (3)
C. permaculatum Tischer (6) ursprungianum Tischer var. ursprungianum = C.
C. purpusii (Schwantes) N.E.Br. (3) obcordellum subsp. obcordellum var. obcordel-
C. renniei Lavis (3) lum
C. spirale N.E.Br. (3)
C. stegmannianum L.Bolus (6)
uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. forma framesii (Lavis) Tischer
C. steytlervillense Tischer (3) = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme
C. subglobosum Tischer (3) uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. forma meleagris (L.Bolus)
C. translucens N.E.Br. (3) Tischer = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme
C. truncatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. brevitubum (Lavis) Tischer (3)
C. truncatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. var. truncatum forma parvipunctum uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. subsp. decoratum (N.E.Br.)
(Tischer) Tischer (3) S.A.Hammer

C. decoratum N.E.Br. (3) C. tischeri Schick (3)

C. occultum L.Bolus (3) C. velutinum Schwantes var. craterulum (Tischer) Rawe (3)
C. varians L.Bolus (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 300–750 m.
NC, WC velutinum Schwantes var. craterulum (Tischer) Rawe =
uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. subsp. rauhii (Tischer) C. velutinum subsp. velutinum
S.A.Hammer verrucosum (Lavis) G.D.Rowley
C. rauhii Tischer (3)
Ophthalmophyllum verrucosum Lavis (3)
NC NC
uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. subsp. subincanum (Tischer) vescum N.E.Br. = C. saxetanum
S.A.Hammer
C. subincanum Tischer (3) violaciflorum Schick & Tischer
C. anjametae de Boer (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 200–250 m. C. geometricum Lavis (3)
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 900–1320
uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. subsp. uviforme m. NC
C. clarum N.E.Br. (3)
C. colorans Lavis (3) virens L.Bolus = C. ectypum subsp. ectypum
C. framesii Lavis (3) viride Tischer = C. joubertii
C. francisci L.Bolus (3)
C. hillii L.Bolus (3) viridicatum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. pisinnum (N.E.Br.)
C. julii Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen (3) Rawe = C. truncatum subsp. viridicatum
C. litorale L.Bolus (3)
C. meleagris L.Bolus (3) viridicatum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. punctatum N.E.Br. =
C. pardivisum Tischer (3) C. truncatum subsp. viridicatum
C. praeparvum N.E.Br. var. praeparvum (3)
C. praeparvum N.E.Br. var. roseum Lavis (3) viridicatum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. viridicatum = C.
C. prolongatum L.Bolus (3) truncatum subsp. viridicatum
C. rooipanense L.Bolus (3) vitreopapillum Rawe = C. obscurum subsp. vitreopa-
C. stipitatum L.Bolus (3)
C. uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. forma framesii (Lavis) Tischer (3) pillum
C. uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. forma meleagris (L.Bolus) Tischer (3) vlakmynense L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum
C. uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. clarum (N.E.Br.) Rawe (3) var. bilobum
C. uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. litorale (L.Bolus) Rawe (3)
C. uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. occultum (L.Bolus) Rawe (3) wagneriorum Schwantes = C. truncatum subsp. trun-
C. uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. subincanum (Tischer) Rawe (3) catum var. truncatum
C. vanrhynsdorpense Schwantes (3)
Mesembryanthemum uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. (3) wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br.
C. brevipes L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 200–1200 C. circumpunctatum Schick & Tischer (3)
uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. clarum (N.E.Br.) Rawe = m. NC
C. uviforme subsp. uviforme wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. fragile (Tischer)
uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. litorale (L.Bolus) Rawe = S.A.Hammer = C. jucundum subsp. fragile
C. uviforme subsp. uviforme
wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. francoiseae
uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. occultum (L.Bolus) Rawe S.A.Hammer = C. francoiseae
= C. uviforme subsp. uviforme
wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. ruschii
uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. subincanum (Tischer) (Schwantes) S.A.Hammer = C. jucundum subsp.
Rawe = C. uviforme subsp. uviforme ruschii
vagum N.E.Br. = C. minimum
wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. oculatum L.Bolus,
vanbredae L.Bolus = C. globosum semi-naked name = C. jucundum subsp. ruschii
vanheerdei Tischer wettsteinii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. speciosum (Tischer)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 850–1200 Tischer = C. jucundum subsp. ruschii
m. NC
wiesemannianum Schwantes = C. fulleri
vanrhynsdorpense Schwantes = C. uviforme subsp.
uviforme wiggettiae N.E.Br. = C. truncatum subsp. truncatum
var. wiggettiae
vanzylii Lavis = C. calculus subsp. vanzylii
wittebergense de Boer = C. minimum
variabile L.Bolus = C. bilobum subsp. bilobum var.
bilobum CORPUSCULARIA Schwantes 2405130
varians L.Bolus = C. uviforme subsp. decoratum (1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
velutinum Schwantes subsp. polyandrum (Lavis) Aizoaceae, A–E: 175–178.
S.A.Hammer angustifolia (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
C. polyandrum Lavis (3) Delosperma angustifolium L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 300–540 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.04–0.05 m. Alt 600–840 m.
NC EC
velutinum Schwantes subsp. velutinum angustipetala (Lavis) H.E.K.Hartmann
C. craterulum Tischer (3) Delosperma angustipetalum Lavis (1)

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt? EC DACTYLOPSIS N.E.Br. 2405032

appressa (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann (1) Phillips. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 102.
Delosperma appressum L.Bolus (1) (2) Chesselet et al. 2000. In Leistner, Strelitzia 10: 385.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.09 m. Alt? EC (3) Gerbaulet. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent
plants. Aizoaceae, A–E: 208, 209.
britteniae (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Delosperma britteniae L.Bolus (1) digitata (Aiton) N.E.Br.
Mesembryanthemum digitatum Aiton (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 100–340 m. Mesembryanthemum digitatum Thunb. (2)
EC Mesembryanthemum digitiforme Thunb. (2)
cymbiformis (Haw.) Schwantes Phyllobolus digitatus (Aiton) Gerbaulet subsp. digitatus (2)
Mesembryanthemum cymbiforme Haw. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 180–290 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? ‘SA’ WC
dolomitica (Dinter) Schwantes = Antimima dolomitica littlewoodii L.Bolus
Phyllobolus digitatus (Aiton) Gerbaulet subsp. littlewoodii (L.Bolus)
gracilis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Gerbaulet (2)
Delosperma gracillimum L.Bolus (1)
WC
EC
lehmannii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schwantes DEILANTHE N.E.Br. 2405165
Delosperma lehmannii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schwantes (1) (1) Hammer. 1995. Cactus and Succulent Journal (U.S.) 67: 173.
Schonlandia lehmannii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) L.Bolus (1) (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 140–400 m. ceae, A–E: 182, 183.
EC hilmarii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
quarzitica (Dinter) Schwantes = Antimima quarzitica Aloinopsis hilmarii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (2)
taylori (N.E.Br.) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.025–0.03 m. Alt 750–1330
Delosperma minimum Lavis (1) m. WC
Delosperma taylori (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (1) peersii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
Delosperma taylori (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. albanense L.Bolus (1) Aloinopsis peersii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (2)
Mesembryanthemum taylori N.E.Br. (1) Mesembryanthemum canum A.Berger (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 100–700 m. Nananthus peersii L.Bolus (2)
EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.02–0.035 m. Alt 850–1400
m. FS, WC, EC
CROCANTHUS L.Bolus 2405142 thudichumii (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer
Aloinopsis thudichumii L.Bolus (1)
thunbergii (Haw.) L.Bolus = Malephora thunbergii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 800–1300
m. NC, WC
CRYOPHYTUM N.E.Br. 2405164
DELOSPERMA N.E.Br. emend. 2405033
suaveolens (L.Bolus) J.W.Ingram = Phyllobolus lig- Lavis
nescens (1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: tt. 259,
suffruticosum L.Bolus = Phyllobolus suffruticosus 261, 278.
(3) Bolus. 1947. The Flowering Plants of Africa 26: t. 1023, 1024.
CYLINDROPHYLLUM Schwantes 2405031 (4) Lavis. 1966. Journal of South African Botany 32: 209, 210.
(1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. (5) Hammer & Barnhill. 1997. Bradleya 15: 46.
Aizoaceae, A–E: 179–181. (6) Van Jaarsveld & Van Wyk. 1999. Aloe 36: 71−74.
(7) Smith et al. 1999. Flowering Plants of Africa 56: 46–52, t. 2149.
calamiforme (L.) Schwantes (8) Hartmann. 2001. Aloe 38: 4–12.
C. dyeri L.Bolus (1) (9) Hartmann 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
Mesembryanthemum calamiforme L. (1) Aizoaceae, A–E: 184–210.
aberdeenense (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
m. EC
comptonii L.Bolus ± 1067 m. EC
acocksii L.Bolus
m. WC D. acocksii L.Bolus var. luxurians L.Bolus (9)
dichroum (Rolfe) Schwantes = Ruschia dichroa Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.16 m.
dyeri L.Bolus = C. calamiforme Alt 1200–1600 m. NC
hallii L.Bolus acocksii L.Bolus var. luxurians L.Bolus = D. acocksii
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 720–754 m. acuminatum L.Bolus
NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt
obsubulatum (Haw.) Schwantes 250–830 m. EC
Mesembryanthemum obsubulatum Haw. (1) adelaidense Lavis
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’ Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 420–950
tugwelliae L.Bolus m. EC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 800–1100 aereum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
m. WC D. aereum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. album (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (9)
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Corpuscularia

Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’ Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.06–0.14 m.
aereum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. album (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Alt ± 1700 m. M, FS
= D. aereum carolinense N.E.Br. var. compacta L.Bolus = D. caroli-
affine Lavis nense
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.12–0.3 m. Alt? ‘SA’ carterae L.Bolus
algoense L.Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt? EC 365–915 m. EC
aliwalense L.Bolus clavipes Lavis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 1600–3400
1400–1700 m. EC m. FS, L
alticola L.Bolus cloeteae Lavis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m.
Alt 3000–3300 m. KZN Alt 520–980 m. EC
angustifolium L.Bolus = Corpuscularia angustifolia concavum L.Bolus
angustipetalum Lavis = Corpuscularia angustipetala Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.12 m. Alt
annulare L.Bolus 610–1520 m. KZN, L, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.04–0.12 m. congestum L.Bolus
Alt 2000–2330 m. M Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.13 m.
appressum L.Bolus = Corpuscularia appressum Alt up to 3400 m. FS, KZN, L
ashtonii L.Bolus cooperi (Hook.f.) L.Bolus
D. cooperi (Hook.f.) L.Bolus forma bicolor (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley (9)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m.
Alt 1600–3400 m. FS, KZN, L Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt
1350–2745 m. FS, L
asperulum (Salm-Dyck) L.Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt cooperi (Hook.f.) L.Bolus forma bicolor (L.Bolus)
91–300 m. WC G.D.Rowley = D. cooperi
ausense L.Bolus = D. klinghardtianum crassuloides (Haw.) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.055 m. Alt 1450–
basuticum L.Bolus
3400 m. L crassum L.Bolus
Drosanthemum robustum L.Bolus (9)
brevipetalum L.Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m, 200–350 m. WC
when in flower. Alt 250–900 m. EC
cronemeyerianum (A.Berger) H.Jacobsen
brevisepalum L.Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m.
D. brevisepalum L.Bolus var. majus L.Bolus (9)
Alt? ‘SA’
± 1220 m. EC davyi N.E.Br.
brevisepalum L.Bolus var. majus L.Bolus = D. bre- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt ± 1730 m.
visepalum G
britteniae L.Bolus = Corpuscularia britteniae deilanthoides S.A.Hammer
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m, when in flower.
brunnthaleri (A.Berger) Schwantes
Alt 2000–2250 m. M
120–580 m. EC deleeuwiae Lavis
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt up to 2970
burtoniae L.Bolus
m. FS, KZN, L
Alt 300–550 m. WC denticulatum L.Bolus
caespitosum L.Bolus
D. caespitosum L.Bolus forma roseum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (9) Alt 990–1800 m. M
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt dolomitica Van Jaarsv.
20–610 m. KZN, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt
caespitosum L.Bolus forma roseum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = 1000–1500 m. M
D. caespitosum dunense L.Bolus
calitzdorpense L.Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 50–350 m. EC
270–1200 m. WC dyeri L.Bolus
D. dyeri L.Bolus var. laxum L.Bolus (9)
calycinum L.Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.12 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 1300–1600
± 305 m. EC m. EC
carolinense N.E.Br. dyeri L.Bolus var. laxum L.Bolus = D. dyeri
D. carolinense N.E.Br. var. compacta L.Bolus (9) echinatum (Lam.) Schwantes
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Delosperma DICOTYLEDONS

D. pruinosum (Thunb.) J.W.Ingram (9) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 320–890 m.

Trichodiadema echinatum L.Bolus (9) EC
150–860 m. EC gratiae L.Bolus
D. longii L.Bolus (9)
ecklonis (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt
D. ecklonis (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes var. latifolia L.Bolus (9) ± 305 m. EC
EC? guthriei Lavis
ecklonis (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes var. latifolia L.Bolus WC
= D. ecklonis
hallii L.Bolus = Hartmanthus halii
edwardsiae L.Bolus = D. rogersii
herbeum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
erectum L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.09–0.15 m. Alt 1000–2200
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.14 m. m. B, NW, G, M, FS
Alt? ‘SA’
hirtum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes
esterhuyseniae L.Bolus D. hirtum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. bicolor L.Bolus (9)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt ± 700 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.08–0.12 m. Alt 900–3400
WC m. M, FS, KZN, L
exspersum (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus var. decumbens L.Bolus = hirtum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. bicolor L.Bolus = D.
Drosanthemum exspersum hirtum
exspersum (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus var. exspersum = Drosan- hollandii L.Bolus
themum exspersum Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt
ficksburgense Lavis 170–550 m. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. imbricatum L.Bolus
Alt ± 700 m. FS Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m.
floribundum L.Bolus Alt 610–1980 m. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. inaequale L.Bolus
Alt 800–1920 m. FS, KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt
framesii L.Bolus 150–330 m. WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 1200–1740 incomptum (Haw.) L.Bolus
m. G D. incomptum (Haw.) L.Bolus var. gracile L.Bolus (9)
fredericii Lavis Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.27 m. 1000–1100 m. NC
Alt 120–650 m. EC incomptum (Haw.) L.Bolus var. ecklonis (Salm-Dyck)
frutescens L.Bolus H.Jacobsen = D. invalidum
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt incomptum (Haw.) L.Bolus var. gracile L.Bolus = D.
450–1100 m. EC incomptum
galpinii L.Bolus inconspicuum L.Bolus
D. galpinii L.Bolus var. minus L.Bolus (9) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.05–0.12 m. Alt ± 2440 m. 20–200 m. WC
FS, KZN, L intonsum L.Bolus
galpinii L.Bolus var. minus L.Bolus = D. galpinii Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt
1200–1540 m. NC
gautengense H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. invalidum (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann
D. incomptum (Haw.) L.Bolus var. ecklonis (Salm-Dyck)
Alt 1250–1600 m. G H.Jacobsen (9)
gerstneri L.Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. jansei N.E.Br.
Alt ± 1600 m. L Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 1000–1800
giffenii Lavis m. M, KZN
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.45 m. karrooicum L.Bolus
Alt 550–1250 m. EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m.
gracile L.Bolus Alt 1000–1800 m. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt katbergense L.Bolus
± 1525 m. KZN D. katbergense L.Bolus var. amatolense L.Bolus (9)
D. katbergense L.Bolus var. angustifolium L.Bolus (9)
gracillimum L.Bolus = Corpuscularia gracilis
gramineum L.Bolus m. EC
katbergense L.Bolus var. amatolense L.Bolus = D. kat-
EC
bergense
grandiflorum L.Bolus = Drosanthemum longipes katbergense L.Bolus var. angustifolium L.Bolus = D.
grantiae L.Bolus katbergense
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Delosperma

klinghardtianum (Dinter) Schwantes macrostigma L.Bolus

D. ausense L.Bolus (9) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt Alt 175–350 m. WC
120–800 m. N, NC
mahonii (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
knox-daviesii Lavis Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.09 m. 1100–1800 m. B, LIM, NW, G
Alt ± 1500 m. G
mariae L.Bolus
kofleri Lavis Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.13 m. 50–300 m. WC
Alt up to 3400 m. FS, L
maxwellii L.Bolus
lavisiae L.Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt
D. lavisiae L.Bolus var. parisepalum L.Bolus (9)
730–1200 m. EC
Alt 730–3415 m. FS, KZN, L minimum Lavis = Corpuscularia taylori
lavisiae L.Bolus var. parisepalum L.Bolus = D. lavisiae monanthemum Lavis
laxipetalum L.Bolus Alt? ‘SA’
EC muirii L.Bolus
lebomboense (L.Bolus) Lavis 50–350 m. EC
M, S, KZN multiflorum L.Bolus
leendertziae N.E.Br. Alt 220–590 m. EC
G neethlingiae (L.Bolus) Schwantes
Trichodiadema tenue L.Bolus (9)
lehmannii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schwantes = Corpuscularia Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.14 m.
lehmannii Alt 50–650 m. WC
leightoniae Lavis nelii L.Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m.
450–1200 m. EC Alt up to 3400 m. L
liebenbergii L.Bolus nubigenum (Schltr.) L.Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m.
1500–1900 m. EC Alt up to 3400 m. FS, L
lineare L.Bolus obtusum L.Bolus
D. lineare L.Bolus var. tenuifolium L.Bolus (9)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.18 m. Alt 1600–1700 m. FS
Alt up to 3400 m. KZN, L
ornatulum N.E.Br.
lineare L.Bolus var. tenuifolium L.Bolus = D. lineare Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.38 m.
litorale (Kensit) L.Bolus Alt 400–1405 m. FS, EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.15 m. pachyrhizum L.Bolus
Alt 5–305 m. WC D. pachyrhizum L.Bolus var. pubescens L.Bolus (9)
longii L.Bolus = D. gratiae Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.14–0.2 m. Alt
longipes L.Bolus = Drosanthemum longipes 120−1220 m. FS, KZN
lootsbergense Lavis pachyrhizum L.Bolus var. pubescens L.Bolus = D.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt pachyrhizum
1200–1900 m. EC pageanum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
luckhoffii L.Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.26 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt ± 400 m. WC
Alt? ‘SA’ pallidum L.Bolus
luteum L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt? ‘SA’
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt papillatum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Drosanthemum papil-
450–1000 m. EC latum
lydenburgense L.Bolus parviflorum L.Bolus
D. lydenburgense L.Bolus var. acutipetalum L.Bolus (9) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 750–2000 Alt up to 305 m. EC
m. M patersoniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
lydenburgense L.Bolus var. acutipetalum L.Bolus = D. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt
lydenburgense 5–100 m. EC
macellum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. peersii Lavis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.24 m.
up to 2000 m. B, NW, G, FS Alt 750–1300 m. EC

peglerae L.Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m.

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt Alt 5–80 m. EC
550–1500 m. EC scabripes L.Bolus
pergamentaceum L.Bolus var. pergamentaceum = Hart- Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m.
manthus pergamentaceus Alt 1675–3300 m. KZN, L, EC
pergamentaceum L.Bolus var. roseum Lavis = Hart- smytheae L.Bolus
manthus pergamentaceus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m.
pilosulum L.Bolus Alt 1100–1300 m. KZN
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. sphalmanthoides S.A.Hammer
Alt up to 3400 m. L Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m.
platysepalum L.Bolus Alt ± 1500 m. NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt stenandrum L.Bolus
550–1000 m. EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m.
pondoense L.Bolus Alt 890–1250 m. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.17 m. subclavatum L.Bolus
Alt 20–100 m. KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt
pontii L.Bolus 600–850 m. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt subincanum (Haw.) Schwantes
± 1400 m. FS Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt
pottsii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus 85–1465 m. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt subpetiolatum L.Bolus
1400–1600 m. FS Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m.
prasinum L.Bolus Alt 20–80 m. KZN
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. sulcatum L.Bolus
Alt ± 185 m. EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt
pruinosum (Thunb.) J.W.Ingram = D. echinatum 50–200 m. EC
pubipetalum L.Bolus sutherlandii (Hook.f.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.2 m,
1000–1600 m. WC when in flower. Alt up to 2210 m. G, M, KZN
purpureum H.E.K.Hartmann suttoniae Lavis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.09 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02–0.04 m. Alt ±
Alt 1200–1500 m. G 1300 m. KZN
repens L.Bolus taylori (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Corpuscularia taylori
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. taylori (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. albanense L.Bolus =
Alt 1500–1900 m. FS, EC Corpuscularia taylori
reynoldsii Lavis testaceum (Haw.) Schwantes
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.17 m. Alt Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht 0.6–0.9
up to 3300 m. FS, KZN, L m. Alt? ‘CP’
rileyi L.Bolus tradescantioides (A.Berger) L.Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.01–0.25 m. Alt 400–1440
1200–1800 m. LIM, M m. M, S, KZN, EC
robustum L.Bolus truteri Lavis
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m.
Alt up to 610 m. EC Alt 1400–1800 m. EC
rogersii (Schönland & A.Berger) L.Bolus uitenhagense L.Bolus
D. edwardsiae L.Bolus (9) Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m.
D. rogersii (Schönland & A.Berger) L.Bolus var. glabrescens Alt 20–450 m. EC
L.Bolus (9)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. uncinatum L.Bolus
Alt 20–140 m. EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt
20–450 m. EC
rogersii (Schönland & A.Berger) L.Bolus var. glabres-
uniflorum L.Bolus
cens L.Bolus = D. rogersii
roseopurpureum Lavis 500–1500 m. EC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt vandermerwei L.Bolus
1220–3400 m. FS, L Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.02–0.05 m. Alt 1300–1700
saturatum L.Bolus m. LIM
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.16 m. velutinum L.Bolus
Alt 1065−1300 m. KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m.
saxicola Lavis Alt 1470–1530 m. KZN
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Delosperma

verecundum L.Bolus nodosum (A.Berger) N.E.Br.

Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. D. pearsonii N.E.Br. (2)
Alt 20–765 m. EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 250–350 m.
WC
vernicolor L.Bolus
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt pearsonii N.E.Br. = D. nodosum
100–300 m. EC ramulosum (L.Bolus) Ihlenf.
versicolor L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 20–540 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. NC
Alt 850–1400 m. EC spissum N.E.Br.
vinaceum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 400 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. NC
Alt? ‘CP’ trichotomum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus trichoto-
virens L.Bolus mus
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt
600–1400 m. WC DIDYMAOTUS N.E.Br. 2405035
(1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
vogtsii L.Bolus Aizoaceae, A–E: 215.
lapidiformis (Marloth) N.E.Br.
Alt 1200–1700 m. G
waterbergense L.Bolus WC
1500–1800 m. LIM DINTERANTHUS Schwantes 2405036
wethamae L.Bolus (1) Sauer. 1975. Aloe 13: 9–24.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt (2) Sauer. 1978. The Flowering Plants of Africa 45: tt.
1778A–1779B, 1780A, 1780B.
1700–3400 m. FS, L (3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
wilmaniae Lavis Aizoaceae, A–E: 215–217.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. inexpectatus Dinter ex H.Jacobsen
Alt 1000–1140 m. NC D. wilmotianus L.Bolus subsp. impunctatus N.Sauer (3)
wiumii Lavis as ‘wiunii’ Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 910–1030
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. m. N
Alt ± 3100 m. FS microspermus (Dinter & Derenb.) Schwantes subsp.
zeederbergii L.Bolus impunctatus N.Sauer
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.17 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? N
Alt ± 1500 m. M microspermus (Dinter & Derenb.) Schwantes subsp.
zoeae L.Bolus microspermus
D. microspermus (Dinter & Derenb.) Schwantes var. acutipetalus
Perennial. Herb, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt L.Bolus (3)
1000–1400 m. NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? N
zoutpansbergense L.Bolus microspermus (Dinter & Derenb.) Schwantes subsp.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt puberulus (N.E.Br.) N.Sauer = D. puberulus
1500–1730 m. LIM
microspermus (Dinter & Derenb.) Schwantes var. acu-
DICROCAULON N.E.Br. 2405034 tipetalus L.Bolus = D. microspermus subsp.
(1) Ihlenfeldt et al. 1978. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für microspermus
Allgemeine Botanik, Hamburg 16: 171–181. pole-evansii (N.E.Br.) Schwantes
(2) Ihlenfeldt. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 910–1100
plants. Aizoaceae, A–E: 211–214.
m. NC
brevifolium N.E.Br.
puberulus N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 175–350 m. D. microspermus (Dinter & Derenb.) Schwantes subsp. puberulus
WC (N.E.Br.) N.Sauer (3)
grandiflorum Ihlenf. D. punctatus L.Bolus (3)
Monilaria brevifolia L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 870–930 m.
WC punctatus L.Bolus = D. puberulus
humile N.E.Br. vanzylii (L.Bolus) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 250–350 m. D. vanzylii (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. lineatus H.Jacobsen (2)
WC Lithops vanzylii L.Bolus (1)
microstigma (L.Bolus) Ihlenf. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 870–930 m.
Meyerophytum microstigma (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) NC
Meyerophytum primosii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
Monilaria microstigma L.Bolus (1) vanzylii (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. lineatus H.Jacobsen =
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 170–350 m. D. vanzylii
WC wilmotianus L.Bolus

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 800–960 m. booysenii L.Bolus

NC Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 800–1800 m.
wilmotianus L.Bolus subsp. impunctatus N.Sauer = D. NC
inexpectatus clavatus (Haw.) Struck
D. gramineus (Haw.) Schwantes forma albus (Haw.) G.D.Rowley (5)
D. gramineus (Haw.) Schwantes forma roseus (Haw.) G.D.Rowley (5)
DIPLOSOMA Schwantes 2405037 D. tricolor (Willd.) L.Bolus (5)
(1) Ihlenfeldt 1988. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 63: 375−401. Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 100–930 m.
ceae, A–E: 218, 219. WC
leipoldtii L.Bolus = D. retroversum flos-solis (A.Berger) L.Bolus = D. bellidiformis subsp.
bellidiformis
luckhoffii (L.Bolus) Schwantes ex Ihlenf.
Maughaniella luckhoffii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (2) gramineus (Haw.) Schwantes = D. apetalus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 100–270 m. gramineus (Haw.) Schwantes forma albus (Haw.)
WC G.D.Rowley = D. clavatus
retroversum (Kensit) Schwantes gramineus (Haw.) Schwantes forma roseus (Haw.)
D. leipoldtii L.Bolus (1) G.D.Rowley = D. clavatus
hallii L.Bolus = D. bellidiformis subsp. bellidiformis
WC
littlewoodii L.Bolus = D. bellidiformis subsp. bellidi-
DISPHYMA N.E.Br. 2405038 formis
(1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 276. lutens N.E.Br. = D. bellidiformis subsp. bellidiformis
(2) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74. maughanii (N.E.Br.) Ihlenf. & Struck
(3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- Pherolobus maughanii N.E.Br. var. maughanii (2)
ceae, A–E: 220, 221. Pherolobus maughanii N.E.Br. var. stayneri L.Bolus (2)
crassifolium (L.) L.Bolus Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 900–1600 m.
WC, EC muiri L.Bolus, as ‘muirii’ = D. bellidiformis subsp. bel-
dunsdonii L.Bolus lidiformis
oculatus N.E.Br. var. oculatus = D. bellidiformis subsp.
WC
bellidiformis
DOROTHEANTHUS Schwantes 2405039 oculatus N.E.Br. var. saldhanensis L.Bolus = D. bellid-
(1) Bolus. 1962. The Flowering Plants of Africa 35: t. 1365. iformis subsp. bellidiformis
(2) Ihlenfeldt & Struck. 1986. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 61: rourkei L.Bolus
411–453. Sineoperculum rourkei (L.Bolus) Van Jaarsv. (4)
(3) Brusse. 1996. Bradleya 14: 89.
(4) Struck. 1998. Feddes Repertorium 109: 5, 6. Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m, when in flower.
(5) Struck & Hartmann. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of Alt 100–320 m. NC, WC
succulent plants. Aizoaceae, A–E: 222–225. stayneri L.Bolus = D. bellidiformis subsp. bellidi-
acuminatus L.Bolus = D. bellidiformis subsp. bellidiformis
formis tricolor (Willd.) L.Bolus = D. clavatus
apetalus (L.f.) N.E.Br.
D. gramineus (Haw.) Schwantes (4) ulularis Brusse
Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 40–320 m. Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 50–100 m.
WC WC
bellidiformis (Burm.f.) N.E.Br. subsp. bellidiformis
D. acuminatus L.Bolus (2) DRACOPHILUS (Schwantes) 2405040
D. bidouwensis L.Bolus (2)
D. flos-solis (A.Berger) L.Bolus (2) Dinter & Schwantes
D. hallii L.Bolus (2) (1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 273.
D. littlewoodii L.Bolus (2) (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
D. lutens N.E.Br. (2) ceae, A–E: 225, 226.
D. muiri L.Bolus, as ‘muirii’ (2) dealbatus (N.E.Br.) Walgate
D. oculatus N.E.Br. var. oculatus (2) D. montis-draconis (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes (2)
D. oculatus N.E.Br. var. saldhanensis L.Bolus (2) D. proximus (L.Bolus) Walgate (2)
D. stayneri L.Bolus (2) Juttadinteria proxima L.Bolus (2)
Drosanthemum martinii L.Bolus (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.8 m. Alt 50–350 m. N,
Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt up to 450 m.
NC
NC, WC
delaetianus (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes
bellidiformis (Burm.f.) N.E.Br. subsp. hestermalensis
Ihlenf. & Struck
N
Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt up to 1200 m.
NC montis-draconis (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes = D. deal-
bidouwensis L.Bolus = D. bellidiformis subsp. bellidi- batus
formis proximus (L.Bolus) Walgate = D. dealbatus
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Dinteranthus

DROSANTHEMOPSIS Rauschert 2405167 brevifolium (Aiton) Schwantes

Mesembryanthemum brevifolium Aiton (6)
salaria (L.Bolus) Rauschert = Jacobsenia vaginata Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 180–300 m.
vaginata (L.Bolus) Rauschert = Jacobsenia vaginata WC
calycinum (Haw.) Schwantes
DROSANTHEMUM Schwantes 2405041 Mesembryanthemum calycinum Haw. (6)
(1) Bolus. 1951. The Flowering Plants of Africa 28: tt. 1106, 1107. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 300–550 m.
(3) Niesler. 1997. Bradleya 15: 13–27.
WC
(4) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74. candens (Haw.) Schwantes
(5) Hartmann & Bruckmann. 2000. Bradleya 18: 75–112. Mesembryanthemum candens Haw. (6)
(6) Hartmann et al. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of suc- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 30–330 m.
culent plants. Aizoaceae, A–E: 227–250. EC
capillare (Thunb.) Schwantes
acuminatum L.Bolus D. subglobosum (Haw.) Schwantes (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 550–890 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 100–290 m. WC, EC
WC
cereale L.Bolus
acutifolium (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 500–750 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 180–750 m. WC
WC
chrysum L.Bolus
albens L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 750–1100 m. WC
D. littlewoodii L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.09 m. Alt up to 1200 collinum (Sond.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum collinum Sond. (6)
m. N, NC
albiflorum (L.Bolus) Schwantes WC
WC comptonii L.Bolus
ambiguum L.Bolus m. WC
WC concavum L.Bolus
anomalum L.Bolus m. NC
WC crassum L.Bolus
archeri L.Bolus m. WC
WC croceum L.Bolus
attenuatum (Haw.) Schwantes m. WC
Mesembryanthemum attenuatum Haw. (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.25 m. Alt 300–600 m. curtophyllum L.Bolus
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 30–450 m. NC
aureopurpureum L.Bolus cymiferum L.Bolus
WC NC, WC
austricola L.Bolus deciduum H.E.K.Hartmann & Bruckmann
WC WC
autumnale L.Bolus dejagerae L.Bolus
WC m. WC
barkerae L.Bolus delicatulum (L.Bolus) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 400–750 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 250–550 m.
WC WC
barwickii L.Bolus = D. subcompressum dipageae H.E.K.Hartmann
bellum L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? EC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300–580 m. diversifolium L.Bolus
WC D. subalbum L.Bolus (7)
bicolor L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt up to 1200
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt 490–850 m. m. WC
WC duplessiae L.Bolus
breve L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 400–900 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt up to 1200 WC
m. NC eburneum L.Bolus
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Drosanthemopsis DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 1000–1700 hispidum (L.) Schwantes

m. NC D. hispidum (L.) Schwantes var. platypetalum (Haw.) Schwantes (6)
Mesembryanthemum hispidum L. (6)
edwardsiae L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt up to 1600 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 50–350 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC
WC
hispidum (L.) Schwantes var. platypetalum (Haw.)
erigeriflorum (Jacq.) Stearn Schwantes = D. hispidum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? ‘SA’
hispifolium (Haw.) Schwantes
exspersum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes D. striatum (Haw.) Schwantes var. hispifolium (Haw.) G.D.Rowley
Delosperma exspersum (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus var. decumbens L.Bolus (6)
(6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 200–350 m.
Delosperma exspersum (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus var. exspersum (6)
WC
m. NC inornatum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Trichodiadema inornatum L.Bolus (8)
filiforme L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 450–1000 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt up to 1200 m. N, NC
NC
insolitum L.Bolus
flammeum L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt ± 650 m.
WC
intermedium (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
flavum (Haw.) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 20–100 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? ‘CP’ WC
floribundum (Haw.) Schwantes jamesii L.Bolus
D. torquatum (Haw.) Schwantes (6)
Mesembryanthemum floribundum Haw. (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 990–1500
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 20–100 m. m. EC
WC karrooense L.Bolus
fourcadei (L.Bolus) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 800–1100 m.
EC latipetalum L.Bolus
framesii L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 250–1200
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.07–0.08 m. Alt 500–850 m. m. WC
WC lavisii L.Bolus
fulleri L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 50–390 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1000–1150 WC
m. NC laxum L.Bolus
giffenii (L.Bolus) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 215–300 m.
D. giffenii (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. intertextum (L.Bolus) WC
Schwantes (6) leipoldtii L.Bolus
WC WC
giffenii (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. intertextum (L.Bolus) leptum L.Bolus
Schwantes = D. giffenii Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.22–0.35 m. Alt 215–300 m.
glabrescens L.Bolus WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 900–1500 m. lignosum L.Bolus
NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 500–800 m.
globosum L.Bolus WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 500–750 m. lique (N.E.Br.) Schwantes
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 760–1900 m.
godmaniae L.Bolus EC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 1200 littlewoodii L.Bolus = D. albens
m. NC
longipes (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
gracillimum L.Bolus Delosperma grandiflorum L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 890–1250 m. Delosperma longipes L.Bolus (6)
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 240–1100 m.
WC
hallii L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 300–580 m. luederitzii (Engl.) Schwantes
D. paxianum (Schltr. & Diels) Schwantes (6)
WC Mesembryanthemum luederitzii Engl. (6)
hirtellum (Haw.) Schwantes Mesembryanthemum paxianum Schltr. & Diels (6)
Mesembryanthemum hirtellum Haw. (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 5–50 m. N,
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? ‘SA’ NC, WC
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Drosanthemum

macrocalyx L.Bolus pulchrum L.Bolus

WC WC
maculatum (Haw.) Schwantes pulverulentum (Haw.) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? ‘CP’ D. roseatum (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus (6)
Mesembryanthemum pulverulentum Haw. (6)
marinum L.Bolus Ruschia comptonii L.Bolus (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.09 m. Alt 5–100 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? WC
WC ramosissimum (Schltr.) L.Bolus
martinii L.Bolus = Dorotheanthus bellidiformis subsp. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 200–330 m.
bellidiformis WC
mathewsii L.Bolus robustum L.Bolus = Delosperma crassum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 170–220 m. roridum L.Bolus = D. subcompressum
WC
roseatum (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus = D. pulverulentum
micans (L.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum micans L. (6) salicola L.Bolus
WC WC
montaguense L.Bolus = D. praecultum schoenlandianum (Schltr.) L.Bolus
muiri L.Bolus, as ‘muirii’ Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 200–330 m.
WC semiglobosum L.Bolus
nitidum (Haw.) Schwantes = Phyllobolus nitidus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 850–950 m.
WC
nordenstamii L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 20–450 m. N sessile (Thunb.) Schwantes = Ruschia sessilis
oculatum L.Bolus speciosum (Haw.) Schwantes
WC WC
opacum L.Bolus splendens L.Bolus
WC WC
otzenianum (Dinter) Friedrich = Lampranthus otzenia- stokoei L.Bolus
nus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 30–400 m.
WC
pallens (Haw.) Schwantes
D. striatum (Haw.) Schwantes var. pallens (Haw.) G.D.Rowley (6) striatum (Haw.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum striatum Haw. (6)
WC
papillatum L.Bolus
Delosperma papillatum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (6) striatum (Haw.) Schwantes var. hispifolium (Haw.)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt ± 300 m. WC G.D.Rowley = D. hispifolium
parvifolium (Haw.) Schwantes striatum (Haw.) Schwantes var. pallens (Haw.)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 560–640 m. G.D.Rowley = D. pallens
WC strictifolium L.Bolus
pauper (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? WC?
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 250–800 m. subalbum L.Bolus = D. diversifolium
N subclausum L.Bolus
paxianum (Schltr. & Diels) Schwantes = D. luederitzii Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.13–0.16 m. Alt 470–700 m.
pickhardii L.Bolus NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 500–800 m. subcompressum (Haw.) Schwantes
WC D. barwickii L.Bolus (6)
D. roridum L.Bolus (6)
praecultum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes Mesembryanthemum subcompressum Haw. (6)
D. montaguense L.Bolus (6)
WC
subglobosum (Haw.) Schwantes = D. capillare
prostratum L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 300–700 m. subplanum L.Bolus
m. WC
pulchellum L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 300–700 m. subspinosum (Kuntze) H.E.K.Hartmann
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 990–1800 m. EC
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Drosanthemum DICOTYLEDONS

tardum L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 50–850 m. N,

NC dichotoma (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
thudichumii L.Bolus Ruschia dichotoma L.Bolus (3)
D. thudichumii L.Bolus var. gracilius L.Bolus forma aurantiaca Ruschia milleflora L.Bolus (3)
L.Bolus (6) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 350–1000
D. thudichumii L.Bolus var. gracilius L.Bolus forma aurea L.Bolus (6) m. NC
D. thudichumii L.Bolus var. gracilius L.Bolus forma gracilius (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt 300–600 m. disarticulata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Antimima hantam-
WC ensis
thudichumii L.Bolus var. gracilius L.Bolus forma divaricata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia divaricata
aurantiaca L.Bolus = D. thudichumii ebracteata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia ebracteata L.Bolus (3)
thudichumii L.Bolus var. gracilius L.Bolus forma aurea Ruschia namaquana L.Bolus var. quinqueflora L.Bolus (3)
L.Bolus = D. thudichumii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 250–1000
thudichumii L.Bolus var. gracilius L.Bolus forma gra- m. N, NC
cilius = D. thudichumii ferox (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia intricata
torquatum (Haw.) Schwantes = D. floribundum globularis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia spinosa
tuberculiferum L.Bolus gravida (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 300–600 m. Ruschia gravida L.Bolus (3)
uniflorum (L.Bolus) Friedrich ex H.Jacobsen = Lam- NC
pranthus uniflorus horrescens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia cradockensis
vaginatum L.Bolus = Jacobsenia vaginata subsp. cradockensis
vandermerwei L.Bolus horrescens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. densa (L.Bolus)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 190–350 m. H.Jacobsen, invalid name = Ruschia cradocken-
WC sis subsp. cradockensis
vespertinum L.Bolus horrida (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia cradockensis
D. vespertinum L.Bolus var. suffusum L.Bolus (6) subsp. cradockensis
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 500–980 m. hospitalis (Dinter) Schwantes = Ruschia spinosa
WC
intricata (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Ruschia intricata
vespertinum L.Bolus var. suffusum L.Bolus = D. ves-
pertinum macroura (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia spinosa
wittebergense L.Bolus micrantha (Pax) Schwantes = Ruschia spinosa
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt ± 1100 m. mucronifera (Haw.) Schwantes = Ruschia spinosa
WC munita (L.Bolus) Schwantes = Ruschia intricata
worcesterense L.Bolus parvibracteata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.28 m. Alt 300–600 m. Mesembryanthemum parvibracteatum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (3)
WC Ruschia parvibracteata L.Bolus (3)
zygophylloides (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
NC
WC persistens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia intricata
puniens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia intricata
EBERLANZIA Schwantes 2405042
(1) Hartmann & Stüber. 1993. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium schneideriana (A.Berger) H.E.K.Hartmann
15: 1–75. Mesembryanthemum floriferum N.E.Br. (3)
(2) Hartmann. 1998. Bothalia 28: 67–82. Mesembryanthemum lacunatum N.E.Br. (3)
(3) Hartmann. 1998. Bradleya 16: 44−91. Mesembryanthemum rugulosum A.Berger ex Range, naked name (3)
(4) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74. Mesembryanthemum schneiderianum A.Berger (3)
(5) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- Ruschia hallowayana L.Bolus (3)
ceae, A–E: 250–254. Ruschia hollowayana L.Bolus (4)
Ruschia pillansii L.Bolus (3)
aculeata (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Ruschia spinosa Ruschia schneideriana (A.Berger) L.Bolus (3)
Ruschia spathulata L.Bolus (3)
albertensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia spinosa Ruschia sphaerophylla Dinter, naked name (3)
armata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Arenifera stylosa Ruschia velutina L.Bolus (3)
clausa (Dinter) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 190–850 m.
Mesembryanthemum clausum Dinter (3) N, NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt up to 1000 m. sedoides (Dinter & A.Berger) Schwantes
N Mesembryanthemum cleistum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (3)
Mesembryanthemum crassulifolium (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (3)
cradockensis (Kuntze) Schwantes = Ruschia cradock- Mesembryanthemum sedoides Dinter & A.Berger (1)
ensis subsp. cradockensis Ruschia cleista L.Bolus (3)
cyathiformis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Ruschia crassuloides L.Bolus (3)
Ruschia cyathiformis L.Bolus (3) Ruschia sedoides (Dinter & A.Berger) Friedrich (1)
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Drosanthemum

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 20–350 m. N, EREPSIA N.E.Br. 2405046

NC (1) Phillips. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 110.
spinosa (L.) Schwantes = Ruschia spinosa (2) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: tt. 254, 270.
stellata L.Bolus, naked name = Antimima hantamen- (4) Bolus. 1959. The Flowering Plants of Africa 33: t. 1286.
sis (5) Liede. 1989. Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen 65: 1–98.
stylosa (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Arenifera stylosa (6) Bruyns. 1997. South African Journal of Botany 63: 241.
tatasbergensis L.Bolus = Ruschia divaricata (8) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74.
triticiformis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia cradocken- (9) Klak. 2000. Bothalia 30: 35–42.
sis subsp. triticiformis (10) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
ceae, A–E: 258–266.
triticiformis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. subglobosa L.Bolus
= Ruschia cradockensis subsp. triticiformis anceps (Haw.) Schwantes
E. laxa L.Bolus (10)
vanheerdei L.Bolus = Leipoldtia alborosea Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 30–450 m.
vulnerans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia divaricata WC
aperta L.Bolus
EBRACTEOLA Dinter & 2405043 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 300–600 m.
Schwantes WC
(1) Glen. 1986. Bothalia 16: 203–226.
(2) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74. aristata (L.Bolus) Liede & H.E.K.Hartmann
(3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- Ruschia aristata L.Bolus (8)
ceae, A–E: 254–257. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 50–550 m.
candida L.Bolus = E. derenbergiana WC, EC
derenbergiana (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes aspera (Haw.) L.Bolus
E. candida L.Bolus (3) E. nudicaulis (A.Berger) H.Jacobsen (5)
Mesembryanthemum derenbergiana Dinter (3) E. restiophila L.Bolus (5)
Ruschia derenbergiana (Dinter) C.Weber (3) E. tuberculata N.E.Br. (5)
m. N, NC WC
fulleri (L.Bolus) Glen babiloniae Liede
Ruschia fulleri L.Bolus (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 300–650 m.
m. N, NC bracteata (Aiton) Schwantes
montis-moltkei (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes E. racemosa (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (10)
Mesembryanthemum montis-moltkei Dinter (3) E. radiata (Haw.) Schwantes (10)
m. N WC
wilmaniae (L.Bolus) Glen bracteata (Aiton) Schwantes × E. anceps (Haw.) Schwantes
Ruschia wilmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. angustifolia L.Bolus (1) E. caledonica L.Bolus (10)
Ruschia wilmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. vermeuleniae (L.Bolus) E. compressa (Haw.) Schwantes (10)
L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC
Ruschia wilmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. wilmaniae (1)
bracteata (Aiton) Schwantes × E. ramosa L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 700–1600 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’
NW, FS, NC
brevipetala L.Bolus
ECHINUS L.Bolus 2405143 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 30–265 m.
apiculatus (Kensit) L.Bolus = Braunsia apiculata WC
edentulus (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Ruschia edentula caledonica L.Bolus = E. bracteata × E. anceps
carterae L.Bolus var. carterae = E. gracilis
ECTOTROPIS N.E.Br. 2405044
(1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- carterae L.Bolus var. lepta L.Bolus = E. gracilis
ceae, A–E: 257. compressa (Haw.) Schwantes = E. bracteata × E. anceps
alpina N.E.Br. distans L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt ± 2000 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 500–850 m.
EC WC
ENARGANTHE N.E.Br. 2405045 dubia Liede
(1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 271. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 190–250 m.
(2) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74. WC
(3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- dunensis (Sond.) Klak
ceae, A–E: 258.
octonaria (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. WC
Mesembryanthemum octonarium L.Bolus (3)
Ruschia octonaria (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley (3) esterhuyseniae L.Bolus
NC m. WC
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Eberlanzia DICOTYLEDONS

forficata (L.) Schwantes purpureostyla (L.Bolus) Schwantes = Acrodon pur-

E. mutabilis (Haw.) Schwantes (10) pureostylus
Ruschia filamentosa (L.) L.Bolus (8)
Ruschia forficata (L.) L.Bolus (6) racemosa (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = E. bracteata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300–900 m. radiata (Haw.) Schwantes = E. bracteata
WC
ramosa L.Bolus
gracilis (Haw.) L.Bolus E. roseo-alba L.Bolus (10)
E. carterae L.Bolus var. carterae (10) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 10–750 m.
E. carterae L.Bolus var. lepta L.Bolus (10)
E. levis L.Bolus (10) WC
E. tenuicaulis (A.Berger) H.Jacobsen (10) restiophila L.Bolus = E. aspera
WC roseo-alba L.Bolus = E. ramosa
hallii L.Bolus saturata L.Bolus
E. marlothii N.E.Br. (10)
WC
WC
heteropetala (Haw.) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 400–1300 m. serrata (L.) L.Bolus = Circandra serrata
WC steytlerae L.Bolus
inclaudens (Haw.) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 300–650 m.
WC tenuicaulis (A.Berger) H.Jacobsen = E. gracilis
insignis (Schltr.) Schwantes tuberculata N.E.Br. = E. aspera
urbaniana (Schltr.) Schwantes
m. WC
lacera (Haw.) Liede WC
Mesembryanthemum lacerum Haw. (5)
Semnanthe lacera (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. densipetala L.Bolus (5) villiersii L.Bolus
Semnanthe lacera (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. lacera (5) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 300–600 m.
WC viridis L.Bolus = Smicrostigma viride
laxa L.Bolus = E. anceps
levis L.Bolus = E. gracilis ESTERHUYSENIA L.Bolus 2405047
(1) Hartmann. 1991. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium 13: 75–157.
marlothii N.E.Br. = E. saturata (2) Hartmann. 1998. Bradleya 16: 44–91.
mutabilis (Haw.) Schwantes = E. forficata (3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
ceae, A–E: 267, 268.
nudicaulis (A.Berger) H.Jacobsen = E. aspera
alpina L.Bolus
oxysepala (Schltr.) L.Bolus Lampranthus alpinus (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley (1)
WC m. WC
pageae L.Bolus = E. patula drepanophylla (Schltr. & A.Berger) H.E.K.Hartmann
Lampranthus drepanophyllus (Schltr. & A.Berger) N.E.Br. (2)
patula (Haw.) Schwantes Mesembryanthemum drepanophyllum Schltr. & A.Berger (2)
E. pageae L.Bolus (10) Mesembryanthemum mallesoniae L.Bolus (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 200–500 m. Ruschia drepanophylla (Schltr. & A.Berger) L.Bolus (2)
WC Ruschia drepanophylla (Schltr. & A.Berger) L.Bolus var. sneeuber-
gensis L.Bolus (2)
pentagona (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Ruschia mallesoniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (2)
WC m. WC
pillansii (Kensit) Liede inclaudens (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Kensitia pillansii (Kensit) Fedde (5) Ruschia inclaudens L.Bolus (2)
Mesembryanthemum pillansii Kensit (5)
m. WC
WC
stokoei (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
polita (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum stokoei L.Bolus (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt ± 350 m. Ruschia thomae L.Bolus var. microstigma L.Bolus (2)
WC Ruschia thomae L.Bolus var. thomae (2)
polypetala (A.Berger & Schltr.) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 300–800 m.
WC
EURYSTIGMA L.Bolus 2405048
promontorii L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 50–300 m. clavatum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Mesembryanthemum
WC eurystigmatum
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Erepsia

FAUCARIA Schwantes 2405049 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 450–850 m.

(1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 267. EC
(2) Groen & Van der Maesen. 1999. Bothalia 29: 35–85. haagei Tischer = F. bosscheana
(3) Groen & Hartmann. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of
succulent plants. Aizoaceae, F–Z: 23–26. hooleae L.Bolus = F. gratiae
acutipetala L.Bolus = F. felina jamesii L.Bolus ex Tischer, naked name = F. felina
albidens N.E.Br. = F. bosscheana kendrewensis L.Bolus = F. bosscheana
bosscheana (A.Berger) Schwantes kingiae L.Bolus = F. felina
F. albidens N.E.Br. (2) latipetala L.Bolus = F. felina
F. bosscheana (A.Berger) Schwantes var. haagei (Tischer) H.Jacob-
sen (2) laxipetala L.Bolus = F. felina
F. haagei Tischer (2)
F. kendrewensis L.Bolus (2)
longidens L.Bolus = F. felina
F. paucidens N.E.Br. (2) longifolia L.Bolus = F. felina
F. peersii L.Bolus (2)
Mesembryanthemum bosscheanum A.Berger (2) lupina (Haw.) Schwantes = F. felina
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt up to 980 m. militaris Tischer = F. felina
WC, EC montana L.Bolus = F. felina
bosscheana (A.Berger) Schwantes var. haagei (Tischer) multidens L.Bolus = F. felina
H.Jacobsen = F. bosscheana
multidens L.Bolus var. paardeportensis L.Bolus = F.
britteniae L.Bolus felina
F. coronata L.Bolus (3)
F. felina (Weston) Schwantes subsp. britteniae (L.Bolus) L.E.Groen (3) nemorosa L.Bolus ex L.E.Groen
F. grandis L.Bolus (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 450–900 m.
F. smithii L. Bolus (3) EC
F. speciosa L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 450–910 m. paucidens N.E.Br. = F. bosscheana
EC peersii L.Bolus = F. bosscheana
candida L.Bolus = F. felina plana L.Bolus = F. felina
coronata L.Bolus = F. britteniae ryneveldiae L.Bolus = F. felina
cradockensis L.Bolus = F. felina smithii L.Bolus = F. britteniae
crassisepala L.Bolus = F. felina speciosa L.Bolus = F. britteniae
duncanii L.Bolus = F. felina subindurata L.Bolus = F. subintegra
felina (L.) Schwantes subintegra L.Bolus
F. acutipetala L.Bolus (2) F. subindurata L.Bolus (2)
F. candida L.Bolus (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 340–580 m.
F. cradockensis L.Bolus (2) EC
F. crassisepala L.Bolus (2)
F. duncanii L.Bolus (2) tigrina (Haw.) Schwantes
F. felina (L.) Schwantes var. jamesii L.Bolus (2) F. tigrina (Haw.) Schwantes forma splendens H.Jacobsen &
F. jamesii L.Bolus ex Tischer, naked name (2) G.D.Rowley (2)
F. kingiae L.Bolus (2) Mesembryanthemum tigrinum Haw. (2)
F. latipetala L.Bolus (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 550–920 m.
F. laxipetala L.Bolus (2) EC
F. longidens L.Bolus (2)
F. longifolia L.Bolus (2) tigrina (Haw.) Schwantes forma splendens H.Jacobsen
F. lupina (Haw.) Schwantes (2) & G.D.Rowley = F. tigrina
F. militaris Tischer (2)
F. montana L.Bolus (2) tuberculosa (Rolfe) Schwantes
F. multidens L.Bolus (2) F. felina (L.) Schwantes subsp. tuberculosa (Rolfe) L.E.Groen
F. multidens L.Bolus var. paardeportensis L.Bolus (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 520–980 m.
F. plana L.Bolus (2) EC
F. ryneveldiae L.Bolus (2)
F. uniondalensis L.Bolus (2) uniondalensis L.Bolus = F. felina
Mesembryanthemum felinum (L.) Weston (2)
Mesembryanthemum lupinum Haw. (2) FENESTRARIA N.E.Br. 2405050
Mesembryanthemum ringens L. var. β felinum L. (2)
(1) Hartmann. 1982. Botanische Jahrbücher 103: 145–183.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 450–930 m. (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
WC, EC ceae, F–Z: 26, 27.
felina (L.) Schwantes subsp. tuberculosa (Rolfe) L.E.Groen rhopalophylla (Schltr. & Diels) N.E.Br. subsp. auran-
= F. tuberculosa tiaca (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann
felina (L.) Schwantes var. jamesii L.Bolus = F. felina Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m, when in flower.
felina (Weston) Schwantes subsp. britteniae (L.Bolus) Alt 20–250 m. N, NC
L.E.Groen = F. britteniae rhopalophylla (Schltr. & Diels) N.E.Br. subsp. rhopalo-
grandis L.Bolus = F. britteniae phylla
gratiae L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m, when in flower.
F. hooleae L.Bolus (2) Alt 20–250 m. N
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Faucaria DICOTYLEDONS

FRITHIA N.E.Br. 2405051 G. heathii (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus var. majus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7)
G. luckhoffii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (6)
(2) Burgoyne et al. 2000. Bothalia 30: 1–7. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 430–700 m.
(3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- WC
ceae, F–Z: 27, 28. heathii (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus var. elevatum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
humilis Burgoyne = G. heathii
F. pulchra N.E.Br. var. minor de Boer, illegitimate name (2)
heathii (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus var. majus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
= G. heathii
m. G, M
helmiae L.Bolus = G. nuciforme
pulchra N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 1500–1770 hortenseae (N.E.Br.) Thiede & Klak = Muiria horten-
m. G, NW seae
pulchra N.E.Br. var. minor de Boer = F. humilis johnstonii Van Jaarsv. & S.A.Hammer = G. nebrownii
luckhoffii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = G. heathii
GIBBAEUM N.E.Br. 2405052 luteoviride (Haw.) N.E.Br. = G. gibbosum
(2) Nel. 1953. The Gibbaeum Handbook. marlothii N.E.Br. = G. gibbosum
(3) Glen. 1983. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1865A. molle N.E.Br. = G. nuciforme
(4) Van Jaarsveld & Hammer. 1996. Bradleya 14: 14−16.
(5) Frandsen. 1998. Aloe 35: 14−17. muirii N.E.Br. = G. gibbosum
(6) Klak. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 243, 244.
nebrownii Tischer
G. johnstonii Van Jaarsv. & S.A.Hammer (6)
ceae, F–Z: 35–41.
Imitaria muirii N.E.Br. (7)
album N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 730–880 m.
G. album N.E.Br. forma roseum (N.E.Br.) G.D.Rowley (6) WC
WC nuciforme (Haw.) Glen & H.E.K.Hartmann
G. cryptopodium (Kensit) L.Bolus (7)
album N.E.Br. forma roseum (N.E.Br.) G.D.Rowley = G. helmiae L.Bolus (7)
G. album G. molle N.E.Br. (7)
angulipes (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
WC
WC pachypodium (Kensit) L.Bolus
blackburniae L.Bolus = G. heathii
WC
comptonii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = G. heathii
perviride (Haw.) N.E.Br. = G. gibbosum
cryptopodium (Kensit) L.Bolus = G. nuciforme
petrense (N.E.Br.) Tischer
dispar N.E.Br. G. tischleri H.Wulff (7)
WC WC
esterhuyseniae L.Bolus pilosulum (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
WC WC
geminum N.E.Br. pubescens (Haw.) N.E.Br.
WC WC
gibbosum (Haw.) N.E.Br. schwantesii Tischer = G. velutinum
G. luteoviride (Haw.) N.E.Br. (2)
G. marlothii N.E.Br. (2) shandii N.E.Br.
G. muirii N.E.Br. (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 700–850 m.
G. perviride (Haw.) N.E.Br. (2) WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 420–880 m. tischleri H.Wulff = G. petrense
WC
velutinum (L.Bolus) Schwantes
haagei Schwantes var. haagei = G. haaglenii G. schwantesii Tischer (6)
haagei Schwantes var. parviflorum L.Bolus = G. haa- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 650–800 m.
glenii WC
haaglenii H.E.K.Hartmann
G. haagei Schwantes var. haagei (7) GLOTTIPHYLLUM N.E.Br. 2405053
G. haagei Schwantes var. parviflorum L.Bolus (7) (1) Hartmann & Gölling. 1993. Bradleya 11: 1–49.
WC ceae, F–Z: 42–47.
heathii (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus album L.Bolus, naked name
G. blackburniae L.Bolus (2) angustum (Haw.) N.E.Br. = G. cruciatum
G. comptonii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (2)
G. heathii (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus var. elevatum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7) apiculatum N.E.Br. = G. cruciatum
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Frithia

armoedense Schwantes = G. cruciatum fergusoniae L.Bolus

arrectum N.E.Br. = G. surrectum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 170–350 m.
WC
barrydalense Schwantes = G. depressum
fragrans (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes = G. depressum
buffelsvleyense Schwantes = G. depressum
framesii L.Bolus = G. depressum
carnosum N.E.Br.
G. jordaanianum Schwantes (1) grandiflorum (Haw.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 400–650 m. G. lombergii N.E.Br. on herbarium label, naked name (1)
Mesembryanthemum grandiflorum Haw. (1)
WC Mesembryanthemum linguiforme L. var. grandiflorum (Haw.)
cilliersiae Schwantes = G. linguiforme A.Berger (1)
compressum L.Bolus = G. regium Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 200–890 m.
EC
concavum N.E.Br. = G. surrectum
haagei Tischer = G. depressum
cruciatum (Haw.) N.E.Br.
G. angustum (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1) herrei L.Bolus = G. suave
G. apiculatum N.E.Br. (1) jacobsenianum Schwantes = G. depressum
G. armoedense Schwantes (1)
G. longipes N.E.Br. (1) jordaanianum Schwantes = G. carnosum
G. praepingue (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1) latifolium N.E.Br. = G. linguiforme
G. rosaliae L.Bolus (1)
Mesembryanthemum angustum Haw. (1) latum N.E.Br. = G. longum
Mesembryanthemum cruciatum Haw. (1)
Mesembryanthemum praepingue Haw. (1) latum N.E.Br. var. cultratum (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br. = G.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 400–650 m. longum
WC linguiforme (L.) N.E.Br.
G. cilliersiae Schwantes (1)
cultratum (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br. = G. longum G. latifolium N.E.Br. (1)
davisii L.Bolus = G. longum G. ryderae Schwantes (1)
Mesembryanthemum linguiforme L. (1)
depressum (Haw.) N.E.Br. Mesembryanthemum linguiforme (L.) N.E.Br. var. scalpratum
G. barrydalense Schwantes (1) (Haw.) A.Berger (1)
G. buffelsvleyense Schwantes (1) Mesembryanthemum scalpratum Haw., illegitimate name (1)
G. fragrans (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 270–650 m.
G. framesii L.Bolus (1)
G. haagei Tischer (1) WC
G. jacobsenianum Schwantes (1) lombergii N.E.Br. on herbarium label, naked name = G.
G. marlothii Schwantes (1)
G. muirii N.E.Br. (1) grandiflorum
G. nysiae Schwantes (1) longipes N.E.Br. = G. cruciatum
G. platycarpum L.Bolus (1)
G. proclive N.E.Br. (1) longum (Haw.) N.E.Br.
G. rufescens (Haw.) Tischer (1) G. cultratum (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br. (1)
G. starkeae L.Bolus (1) G. davisii L.Bolus (1)
G. taurinum (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1) G. erectum N.E.Br. (1)
G. uniondalense L.Bolus (1) G. latum N.E.Br. (1)
Mesembryanthemum angustum Haw. var. heterophyllum in sense of G. latum N.E.Br. var. cultratum (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br. (1)
Salm-Dyck, not of Haw. (1) G. longum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. hamatum N.E.Br. (1)
Mesembryanthemum depressum Haw. (1) G. longum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. heterophyllum (Haw.) G.D.Rowley (1)
Mesembryanthemum depressum Haw. var. lividum Haw. (1) G. obliquum (Willd.) N.E.Br. (1)
Mesembryanthemum fragrans Salm-Dyck (1) G. propinquum N.E.Br. (1)
Mesembryanthemum linguaeforme Haw. (1) G. pustulatum (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1)
Mesembryanthemum linguaeforme Haw. var. rufescens Haw., G. uncatum (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br. (1)
invalid name (1) Mesembryanthemum adscendens Haw. (1)
Mesembryanthemum linguiforme L. var. angustum (Haw.) A.Berger, Mesembryanthemum angustum Haw. var. heterophyllum Haw. (1)
invalid name (1) Mesembryanthemum cultratum Salm-Dyck (1)
Mesembryanthemum linguiforme L. var. fragrans (Salm-Dyck) Mesembryanthemum latum Haw. (1)
A.Berger (1) Mesembryanthemum linguiforme in sense of Haw., not of L. (1)
Mesembryanthemum longum Haw. var. declive Haw. (1) Mesembryanthemum linguiforme L. var. adscendens (Haw.)
Mesembryanthemum longum Haw. var. flaccidum Haw. (1) A.Berger (1)
Mesembryanthemum rufescens Haw. (1) Mesembryanthemum linguiforme L. var. cultratum (Salm-Dyck)
Mesembryanthemum taurinum Haw. (1) A.Berger (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 500–980 m. Mesembryanthemum linguiforme L. var. depressum (Haw.) A.Berger,
invalid name (1)
WC Mesembryanthemum linguiforme L. var. longum (Haw.) A.Berger (1)
difforme (L.) N.E.Br. Mesembryanthemum linguiforme L. var. obliquum (Willd.) A.Berger (1)
G. semicylindricum (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1) Mesembryanthemum linguiforme L. var. pustulatum (Haw.) A.Berger (1)
G. subditum N.E.Br. (1) Mesembryanthemum linguiforme L. var. uncatum (Haw.) A.Berger (1)
Mesembryanthemum bidentatum Haw. (1) Mesembryanthemum longum Haw. (1)
Mesembryanthemum bigibberatum Haw. (1) Mesembryanthemum longum Haw. var. uncatum Haw. (1)
Mesembryanthemum difforme L. (1) Mesembryanthemum lucidum Haw. (1)
Mesembryanthemum semicylindricum Haw. (1) Mesembryanthemum medium Haw. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 450–1300 m. Mesembryanthemum obliquum Willd. (1)
Mesembryanthemum pustulatum Haw. (1)
NC, EC Mesembryanthemum pustulatum Haw. var. lividum Salm-Dyck (1)
erectum N.E.Br. = G. longum Mesembryanthemum uncatum Salm-Dyck (1)
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Glottiphyllum DICOTYLEDONS

WC, EC m. WC
longum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. hamatum N.E.Br. = G. taurinum (Haw.) N.E.Br. = G. depressum
longum uncatum (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br. = G. longum
longum (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. heterophyllum (Haw.) uniondalense L.Bolus = G. depressum
G.D.Rowley = G. longum
marlothii Schwantes = G. depressum HALLIANTHUS H.E.K.Hartmann 2405150
muirii N.E.Br. = G. depressum (2) Hartmann. 1983. Botanische Jahrbücher 104: 143–169.
neilii N.E.Br. (3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
ceae, F–Z: 53.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 550–980 m. (4) Hammer. 2002. Cactus and Succulent Journal (US) 74: 228–232.
WC
griseus S.A.Hammer & U.Schmiedel
nelii Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt up to 250 m.
G. pallens L.Bolus (1)
G. pygmaeum L.Bolus (1) WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 780–1100 planus (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
m. WC, EC Leipoldtia compressa L.Bolus var. compressa (2)
Leipoldtia compressa L.Bolus var. lekkersingensis L.Bolus (2)
nysiae Schwantes = G. depressum Leipoldtia plana L.Bolus (2)
obliquum (Willd.) N.E.Br. = G. longum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 1200
ochraceum (A.Berger) N.E.Br. = Malephora ochracea m. NC, WC
oligocarpum L.Bolus HAMMERIA Burgoyne 2405190
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 370–1020 (1) Burgoyne et al. 1998. Cactus and Succulent Journal (US) 70:
m. EC 203–208.
(2) Klak. 2000. Bothalia 30: 35–42.
pallens L.Bolus = G. nelii (3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
parvifolium L.Bolus = G. surrectum ceae, F–Z: 53, 54.
peersii L.Bolus gracilis Burgoyne
WC, EC m. NC
platycarpum L.Bolus = G. depressum meleagris (L.Bolus) Klak
H. salteri (L.Bolus) Burgoyne (2)
praepingue (Haw.) N.E.Br. = G. cruciatum
proclive N.E.Br. = G. depressum NC, WC
propinquum N.E.Br. = G. longum salteri (L.Bolus) Burgoyne = H. meleagris
pustulatum (Haw.) N.E.Br. = G. longum
pygmaeum L.Bolus = G. nelii HARTMANTHUS S.A.Hammer 2405189
(1) Hammer. 1995. Haseltonia 3: 77–82.
regium N.E.Br. (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
G. compressum L.Bolus (1) ceae, F–Z: 55.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 400–650 m. hallii (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer
rosaliae L.Bolus = G. cruciatum N
rubrostigma L.Bolus = G. surrectum pergamentaceus (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer
rufescens (Haw.) Tischer = G. depressum Delosperma pergamentaceum L.Bolus var. pergamentaceum (2)
Delosperma pergamentaceum L.Bolus var. roseum Lavis (2)
ryderae Schwantes = G. linguiforme Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 190–1100 m.
salmii (Haw.) N.E.Br. N, NC
Mesembryanthemum salmii Haw. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 950–1150 HEREROA (Schwantes) Dinter 2405055
m. WC, EC & Schwantes
semicylindricum (Haw.) N.E.Br. = G. difforme (1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
ceae, F–Z: 56–62.
starkeae L.Bolus = G. depressum
suave N.E.Br. acuminata L.Bolus
G. herrei L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m, when in flower.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 800–1100 Alt 800–1100 m. WC
m. WC albanensis L.Bolus = Rhombophyllum albanense
subditum N.E.Br. = G. difforme aspera L.Bolus
surrectum (Haw.) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 190–550 m.
G. arrectum N.E.Br. (1) WC
G. concavum N.E.Br. (1)
G. parvifolium L.Bolus (1) brevifolia L.Bolus
G. rubrostigma L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 950–1200
Mesembryanthemum surrectum Haw. (1) m. WC
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Glottiphyllum

calycina L.Bolus pallens L.Bolus

m. EC NC
cana in sense of L.Bolus, misapplied name = Bijlia puttkameriana (Dinter & A.Berger) Dinter & Schwantes
dilatata Mesembryanthemum puttkamerianum Dinter & A.Berger (1)
carinans (Haw.) Dinter & Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 250–1250 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt? ‘SA’ N
concava L.Bolus rehneltiana (A.Berger) Dinter & Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 850–1950 Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 960–1500 m. WC
m. WC stanfordiae L.Bolus
crassa L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 980–1200
m. WC stanleyi (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Chasmatophyllum stanleyi
dolabriformis (L.) L.Bolus = Rhombophyllum dolabri- stenophylla L.Bolus
forme Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’
dyeri L.Bolus = Rhombophyllum dyeri tenuifolia L.Bolus
fimbriata L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 190–650 m.
m. WC teretifolia L.Bolus
glenensis (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 300–650 m. NC, WC
Bergeranthus glenensis N.E.Br. (1) tugwelliae in sense of L.Bolus (1927, 1928), not of
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 1100–1750 L.Bolus (1930), misapplied name = Bijlia dilatata
m. G, FS, NC tugwelliae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Bijlia tugwelliae
gracilis L.Bolus uncipetala (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus = H. wilmaniae
H. gracilis L.Bolus var. compressa L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 900–1300 willowmorensis L.Bolus
m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m, when in flower.
Alt 700–950 m. WC, EC
gracilis L.Bolus var. compressa L.Bolus = H. gracilis
wilmaniae L.Bolus
granulata (N.E.Br.) Dinter & Schwantes H. uncipetala (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus (1)
Mesembryanthemum granulatum N.E.Br. (1) H. wilmaniae L.Bolus var. langebergensis L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.03–0.04 m. Alt 30–240 m. Prepodesma uncipetala N.E.Br. (1)
EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 1200–1600
herrei Schwantes m. NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 630–1100 m. wilmaniae L.Bolus var. langebergensis L.Bolus = H.
EC wilmaniae
hesperantha (Dinter & A.Berger) Dinter & Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum bergerianum Dinter (1) HERREA Schwantes 2405056
Mesembryanthemum hesperanthum Dinter & A.Berger (1) acocksii L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
N, NC affinis (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
incurva L.Bolus alba L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m, when in flower. albolutea L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
Alt 990–1200 m. EC blanda L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
joubertii L.Bolus brevisepala L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 880–1100 caledonica L.Bolus = Conicosia pugioniformis subsp.
m. WC pugioniformis
latipetala L.Bolus elongata (Haw.) L.Bolus var. elongata = Conicosia
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.09 m. Alt 550–1000 elongata
m. WC
elongata (Haw.) L.Bolus var. minor (Haw.) L.Bolus =
muirii L.Bolus Conicosia elongata
WC excavata L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
nelii Schwantes fusiformis (Haw.) L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 500–880 m. grandis L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
WC gydouwensis L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
odorata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus inaequalis L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
Aridaria odorata (L.Bolus) Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen (1)
Mesembryanthemum odoratum L.Bolus (1) klaverensis L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
Nycteranthus odoratus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
laticalyx L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
WC macrocalyx L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Hereroa DICOTYLEDONS

nelii Schwantes = Conicosia elongata Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.08–0.2 m. Alt 50–550 m.

obtusa L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata WC
plana L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata JENSENOBOTRYA A.G.J.Herre 2405062
porcina L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata (1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
ceae, F–Z: 67.
robusta (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata
ronaldii L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata lossowiana A.G.J.Herre
roodiae (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata N
stipitata L.Bolus = Conicosia elongata vanheerdei L.Bolus = Stoeberia carpii
HERREANTHUS Schwantes 2405057 JORDAANIELLA H.E.K.Hartmann 2405145
meyeri Schwantes = Conophytum herreanthus subsp. (1) Bolus. 1962. The Flowering Plants of Africa 35: tt. 1397, 1398.
herreanthus (3) Hartmann. 1984. Botanische Jahrbücher 104: 321–360.
HYMENOGYNE Haw. 2405059 ceae, F–Z: 67–69.
(1) Ihlenfeldt & Gerbaulet. 1990. Botanische Jahrbücher 111: 457–498.
clavifolia (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Cephalophyllum clavifolium (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (2)
ceae, F–Z: 63, 64.
conica L.Bolus NC
Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.18 m, when in flower.
Alt 420–850 m. WC cuprea (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Cephalophyllum cupreum L.Bolus (3)
glabra (Aiton) Haw. Cephalophyllum luxurians Dinter, naked name (3)
Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 30–550 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 10–100 m.
WC N, NC
dubia (Haw.) H.E.K.Hartmann
IHLENFELDTIA H.E.K.Hartmann 2405161 Cephalophyllum albertiniense (L.Bolus) Schwantes (3)
(1) Hartmann & Dehn. 1987. Botanische Jahrbücher 108: 567–663. Cephalophyllum anemoniflorum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (3)
(2) Hartmann. 1992. Botanische Jahrbücher 114: 29–50. Cephalophyllum dubium (Haw.) N.E.Br. (3)
(3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- Cephalophyllum maritimum (L.Bolus) Schwantes (3)
ceae, F–Z: 64, 65. Cephalophyllum pittenii L.Bolus (3)
Cephalophyllum procumbens (Haw.) Schwantes (3)
excavata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Cephalophyllum vanputtenii L.Bolus (3)
Cheiridopsis albirosea L.Bolus (1) Cephalophyllum watermeyeri L.Bolus (3)
Cheiridopsis dilatata L.Bolus (1)
Cheiridopsis excavata L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 10–200 m.
Cheiridopsis vanbredai L.Bolus (1) WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 770–1050 spongiosa (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
m. NC Cephalophyllum spongiosum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (4)
vanzylii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 20–150 m.
Cheiridopsis papillata L.Bolus (1) NC
Cheiridopsis richardiana L.Bolus (2) uniflora (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Cheiridopsis vanzijlii L.Bolus (1) Cephalophyllum uniflorum L.Bolus (3)
m. NC NC
IMITARIA N.E.Br. 2405060 JUTTADINTERIA Schwantes 2405063
muirii N.E.Br. = Gibbaeum nebrownii (1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 273.
JACOBSENIA L.Bolus & 2405061 (3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
ceae, F–Z: 70–72.
Schwantes emend. Ihlenf.
albata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
(1) Ihlenfeldt. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent Mesembryanthemum albatum L.Bolus (3)
plants. Aizoaceae, F–Z: 65–67.
hallii L.Bolus NC
attenuata Walgate
NC, WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt? N, NC
kolbei (L.Bolus) L.Bolus & Schwantes
ausensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 190–370 m. J. suavissima (Dinter) Schwantes (3)
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 1700
vaginata (L.Bolus) Ihlenf. m. N
Anisocalyx salarius L.Bolus (1)
Anisocalyx vaginatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) decumbens Schick & Tischer = J. deserticola
Anysocalyx vaginatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) deserticola (Marloth) Schwantes
Drosanthemopsis salaria (L.Bolus) Rauschert (1) J. decumbens Schick & Tischer (3)
Drosanthemopsis vaginata (L.Bolus) Rauschert (1) J. elizae (Dinter & A.Berger) L.Bolus (3)
Drosanthemum vaginatum L.Bolus (1) J. insolita (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (3)
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Herrea

J. tetrasepala L.Bolus (3) acutifolius (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 50–750 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.4 m. Alt 330–750 m. WC
N, NC aduncus (Haw.) N.E.Br.
elizae (Dinter & A.Berger) L.Bolus = J. deserticola Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’
insolita (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = J. deserticola aestivus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
kovisimontana (Dinter) Schwantes = J. simpsonii Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 500–1010 m.
longipetala L.Bolus = Namibia cinerea WC
proxima L.Bolus = Dracophilus dealbatus affinis L.Bolus
simpsonii (Dinter) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 300–1050 m.
J. kovisimontana (Dinter) Schwantes (3) WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 530–590 m. N albus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Oscularia alba
suavissima (Dinter) Schwantes = J. ausensis algoensis L.Bolus
tetrasepala L.Bolus = J. deserticola Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 20–100 m. EC
alpinus (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley = Esterhuysenia alpina
KENSITIA Fedde 2405064
altistylus N.E.Br.
pillansii (Kensit) Fedde = Erepsia pillansii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 200–880 m.
WC
KHADIA N.E.Br. 2405065 amabilis L.Bolus
(2) Chesselet & Hartmann. 1995. Aloe 32: 46–49.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 30–360 m. WC
(3) Chesselet et al. 1998. Bothalia 28: 25–33. amoenus (Salm-Dyck ex DC.) N.E.Br.
(4) Winter & Hahn. 1999. Aloe 36: 16–19. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 200–880 m.
ceae, F–Z: 72–74.
WC
acutipetala (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. amphibolius (G.D.Rowley) H.E.K.Hartmann
Amphibolia hallii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop (5)
K. nationae (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (2)
Ruschia amphibolia G.D.Rowley (5)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 1200–1779 Stoeberia hallii L.Bolus (5)
m. NW, G Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’
alticola Chesselet & H.E.K.Hartmann antemeridianus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt up to 2331 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 50–450 m.
M, KZN WC
beswickii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. antonii L.Bolus
K. nelsoniae N.E.Br. (2)
m. G arbuthnotiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt?
borealis L.Bolus WC
m. LIM arenarius H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia arenosa L.Bolus (5)
carolinensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 850–1500 m.
m. M
arenicola L.Bolus
media P.Winter & N.Hahn Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC
arenosus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
m. LIM
nationae (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = K. acutipetala WC
nelsoniae N.E.Br. = K. beswickii argenteus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
LAMPRANTHUS N.E.Br. 2405066 WC
(1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: tt. 253, 263. argillosus L.Bolus
(3) Bolus. 1947. The Flowering Plants of Africa 26: t. 1012. Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt? WC
(4) Bolus. 1949. The Flowering Plants of Africa 27: t. 1064. aurantiacus (DC.) Schwantes = L. glaucoides
(5) Hartmann. 1998. Bradleya 16: 44−91.
aureus (L.) N.E.Br.
(7) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt 20–200 m.
ceae, F–Z: 75–108. WC
(8) Klak. 2001. Phylogeny and character evolution in the Lam-
pranthus group (Aizoaceae–Ruschioideae). Unpublished Ph.D.
austricola (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
thesis, University of Cape Town. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 500–1010 m.
(9) Hartmann. 2001. Bradleya 19: 83–90. WC
acrosepalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus baylissii L.Bolus
WC WC
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Juttadinteria DICOTYLEDONS

berghiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus comptonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. forma roseus (L.Bolus)

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 600–1070 m. G.D.Rowley = Oscularia comptonii
WC comptonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. var. angustifolius (L.Bolus)
bicolor (L.) N.E.Br. L.Bolus forma angustifolius = Oscularia comp-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 50–450 m. tonii
WC comptonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. var. angustifolius (L.Bolus)
bicolorus (L.) N.E.Br. L.Bolus forma roseus (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley =
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 50–450 m. Oscularia comptonii
WC comptonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. var. comptonii = Oscularia
bicolorus (L.) N.E.Br. var. inaequale (Haw.) Schwantes comptonii
= L. inaequalis comptonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. var. roseus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
blandus (Haw.) Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen = Oscularia comptonii
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 50–1000 m. conspicuus (Haw.) N.E.Br.
WC, EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? WC
bolusiae Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen = L. dilutus convexus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
borealis L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 300–800 m. WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.18–0.25 m. Alt 20–470 m. coralliflorus (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br.
N, NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt? EC
brachyandrus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. creber L.Bolus
N, NC WC
brevistaminus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus curviflorus (Haw.) H.E.K.Hartmann
m. WC WC, EC
brownii (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. curvifolius (Haw.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 20–120 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’
WC
curvifolius (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. minor (Salm-Dyck)
caespitosus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. G.D.Rowley = L. flexifolius
L. caespitosus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. var. luxurians (L.Bolus) H.Jacob-
sen (7) cyathiformis (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt? Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt? ‘CP’
WC debilis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
caespitosus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. var. luxurians (L.Bolus) Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt?
H.Jacobsen = L. caespitosus WC
calcaratus (Wolley-Dod) N.E.Br. deflexus (Aiton) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.26 m. Alt 20–80 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC
WC deltoides (L.) Glen = Oscularia deltoides
candidus L.Bolus deltoides (L.) Glen var. caulescens (Mill.) G.D.Rowley
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.25–0.3 m. Alt 300–980 m. = Oscularia caulescens
WC densifolius (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
capillaceus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 150–320 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC WC
capornii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia capornii densipetalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
caudatus L.Bolus
m. NC
WC dependens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
cedarbergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Oscularia cedar-
bergensis diffusus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
ceriseus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus WC
WC dilutus N.E.Br.
L. bolusiae Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen (8)
citrinus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum pallidum L.Bolus (7)
WC WC
coccineus (Haw.) N.E.Br. disgregus (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
WC NC, WC
compressus L.Bolus = Oscularia compressa dissimilis (G.D.Rowley) H.E.K.Hartmann
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Lampranthus

Amphibolia staynerii L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop (5) falcatus (L.) N.E.Br. var. galpinii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus =
Amphibolia stayneri L.Bolus, illegitimate name (5) L. falcatus
Ruschia dissimilis G.D.Rowley (5)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 500–900 m. falciformis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
L. falciformis (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. maritimus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (8)
WC Mesembryanthemum falciforme Haw. (8)
diutinus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. Mesembryanthemum maritimum L.Bolus, illegitimate name (8)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 100–320 m. Oscularia falciformis (Haw.) H.E.K.Hartmann (8)
WC
dregeanus (Sond.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 300–600 m. falciformis (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. maritimus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
WC = L. falciformis
drepanophyllus (Schltr. & A.Berger) N.E.Br. = Ester- fergusoniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
L. fergusoniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. crassistigma L.Bolus (7)
huysenia drepanophylla
dubitans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Ruschia dubitans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7) fergusoniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. crassistigma L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.16 m. Alt? WC = L. fergusoniae
dulcis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus filicaulis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
WC WC
dyckii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. flexifolius (Haw.) N.E.Br.
L. curvifolius (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. minor (Salm-Dyck) G.D.Rowley (7)
NC, WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’
ebracteatus L.Bolus flexilis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 20–650 m.
WC
edwardsiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 300–600 m. WC foliosus L.Bolus
egregius (L.Bolus) L.Bolus WC
WC formosus (Haw.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt?
elegans (Jacq.) Schwantes EC
WC framesii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC
emarginatoides (Haw.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 20–150 m. francesiae H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia leightoniae L.Bolus (5)
emarginatus (L.) N.E.Br. WC
L. emarginatus (L.) N.E.Br. var. puniceus (Jacq.) Schwantes (7)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 20–150 m. franciscii L.Bolus
WC
emarginatus (L.) N.E.Br. var. puniceus (Jacq.) Schwantes
fugitans L.Bolus
= L. emarginatus
ernestii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus EC
Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt? furvus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
erratus N.E.Br. WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC, EC galpiniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
esterhuyseniae L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 20–220 m.
NC glaucoides (Haw.) N.E.Br.
excedens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Oscularia excedens L. aurantiacus (DC.) Schwantes (7)
eximius L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt 20–100 m.
WC glaucus (L.) N.E.Br.
L. glaucus (L.) N.E.Br. var. tortuosus (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes (8)
explanatus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
WC
WC
glaucus (L.) N.E.Br. var. tortuosus (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes
falcatus (L.) N.E.Br.
L. falcatus (L.) N.E.Br. var. galpinii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7) = L. glaucus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC globosus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Lampranthus DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 300–980 m. incurvus (Haw.) Schwantes

glomeratus (L.) N.E.Br. WC, EC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 500–1010 m. intervallaris L.Bolus
godmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus m. WC
L. godmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. grandiflorus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7) laetus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.5–0.7 m. Alt up to 1200 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 20–650 m.
NC WC
godmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. grandiflorus (L.Bolus) lavisii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
L.Bolus = L. godmaniae L. lavisii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. concinnus L.Bolus (8)
gracilipes (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
L. gracilipes (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. forma luxurians L.Bolus (8) EC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 300–980 m. lavisii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. concinnus L.Bolus = L.
NC, WC lavisii
gracilipes (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. forma luxurians L.Bolus = laxifolius (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
L. gracilipes Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt? WC
guthrieae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Oscularia guthriae leightoniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
gydouwensis L.Bolus
Amphibolia gydouwensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop (7) WC
Ruschia gydouwensis (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley (7) leipoldtii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 300– Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 300–600 m.
550 m. WC WC
hallii L.Bolus leptaleon (Haw.) N.E.Br.
WC WC
haworthii (Haw.) N.E.Br. leptosepalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
WC WC
henricii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. lerouxiae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia lerouxii
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt 300–1000 m. lewisiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
hiemalis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus m. WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 300–1000 m. WC liberalis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
hoerleinianus (Dinter) Friedrich Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 20–650 m.
N, NC littlewoodii L.Bolus
holensis L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 300–980 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 120–270 m. NC, WC
NC longistamineus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
hollandii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 300–850 m.
EC
lunatus (Willd.) N.E.Br. = Oscularia lunata
hurlingii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 300–450 m. lunulatus (A.Berger) L.Bolus
WC
imbricans (Haw.) N.E.Br. macrocarpus (A.Berger) N.E.Br.
EC
WC
macrosepalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
immelmaniae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
EC
WC
macrostigma L.Bolus
inaequalis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
L. bicolorus (L.) N.E.Br. var. inaequale (Haw.) Schwantes (7) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.13–0.22 m. Alt 300–950 m.
WC magnificus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
inconspicuus (Haw.) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 30–1000 m.
WC marcidulus N.E.Br.

Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt 20–100 m. ornatus L.Bolus = Oscularia ornata

WC otzenianus (Dinter) Friedrich
marginatus (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Drosanthemum otzenianum (Dinter) Friedrich (7)
Ruschia marginata L.Bolus (5) L. uniflorus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. spathulatus L.Bolus ex H.Jacob-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 300–980 m. WC sen (7)
Psilocaulon otzenianum (Dinter) L.Bolus (7)
mariae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt up to 1200
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.35 m. Alt 300–1000 m. m. N, NC, WC
WC
paardebergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Oscularia paarde-
martleyi (L.Bolus) L.Bolus bergensis
WC paarlensis L.Bolus
maturus N.E.Br. WC
WC pakhuisensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
matutinus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. WC
WC pakpassensis H.E.K.Hartmann
Ruschia pakhuisensis L.Bolus (5)
microsepalus L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 450–950 m.
WC
palustris (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
microstigma (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 20–550 m.
WC
parcus N.E.Br.
middlemostii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 200–880 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt ± 700 m. WC WC
montaguensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus pauciflorus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
WC WC, EC
monticola (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = L. stenus paucifolius (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
mucronatus L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 820–1500 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 700–1400 m. NC, WC
WC peacockiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
multiradiatus (Jacq.) N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.02–0.04 m. Alt 240–360 m.
WC, EC peersii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
multiseriatus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 250–440 m.
WC perreptans L.Bolus
mutans (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 100–320 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 100–350 m. EC WC
mutatus (G.D.Rowley) H.E.K.Hartmann persistens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Amphibolia littlewoodii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop (5)
Ruschia mutata G.D.Rowley (5) Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 1200–1780 m. WC
Stoeberia littlewoodii L.Bolus (5) piquetbergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Oscularia piquet-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 300–1000 m. WC bergensis
nardouwensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus plautus N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.23–0.4 m. Alt 300–800 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.26 m. Alt up to 1200 m.
WC NC
nelii L.Bolus pleniflorus L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 100–340 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 300–650 m. WC
WC
neostayneri L.Bolus plenus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
WC WC
obconicus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus pocockiae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 820–1500 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.14 m. Alt 1100–2000
NC, WC m. WC
occultans L.Bolus polyanthon (Haw.) N.E.Br.
WC WC

praecipitatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 120–1010 m.

EC sauerae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
prasinus L.Bolus = Oscularia prasina Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 20–120 m.
productus (Haw.) N.E.Br. WC
L. productus (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. lepidus (Haw.) Schwantes (7) scaber (L.) N.E.Br.
L. productus (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. purpureus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7)
WC, EC
schlechteri (Zahlbr.) L.Bolus
productus (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. lepidus (Haw.) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt ± 160 m. WC
= L. productus
serpens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
productus (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. purpureus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht 0.04–0.08 m. Alt
= L. productus 30–300 m. WC
profundus (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann simulans L.Bolus
Ruschia profunda L.Bolus (5)
WC WC
prominulus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus sociorum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
WC WC
promontorii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. sparsiflorus L.Bolus
WC WC, EC
proximus L.Bolus spectabilis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 110–300 m. Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt?
WC EC
punctulatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Ruschia punctulata spiniformis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
purpureus L.Bolus
WC
WC staminodiosus (L.Bolus) Schwantes
rabiesbergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
WC
WC stanfordiae L.Bolus
recurvus (L.Bolus) Schwantes
WC
WC stayneri (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
reptans (Aiton) N.E.Br.
EC
Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht 0.04–0.08 m. Alt
30–300 m. WC steenbergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Oscularia steen-
roseus (Willd.) Schwantes bergensis
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 50–1000 m. stenopetalus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
WC, EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.12–0.25 m. Alt 170–350 m.
ruber (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Astridia rubra WC
rubroluteus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus stenus (Haw.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.18–0.25 m. Alt 600–800 m. L. monticola (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7)
WC
rupestris (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 100–330 m. stephanii (Schwantes) Schwantes
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC
rustii (A.Berger) N.E.Br. sternens L.Bolus
WC WC
salicola (L.Bolus) L.Bolus stipulaceus (L.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 300–650 m. Mesembryanthemum stipulaceum L. (9)
WC
salteri (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 100–320 m. suavissimus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
WC L. suavissimus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. oculatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7)
L. suavissimus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. suavissimus forma fera
saturatus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7)

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 250–1000 m. vanzijliae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.

N, NC Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht 0.05–0.12 m. Alt
suavissimus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. oculatus (L.Bolus) 300–550 m. WC
L.Bolus = L. suavissimus variabilis (Haw.) N.E.Br.
suavissimus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. suavissimus forma Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 20–120 m.
fera (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = L. suavissimus WC
subaequalis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus verecundus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.28 m. Alt 950–1150 Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt ± 700 m. WC
m. WC vernalis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
sublaxus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 300–650 m.
m. WC vernicolor (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Oscularia vernicolor
subrotundus L.Bolus verruculatus (L.) L.Bolus = Scopelogena verruculata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 20–150 m. viatorum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 500–1100 m. NC
subtruncatus L.Bolus villiersii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
L. subtruncatus L.Bolus var. wupperthalensis L.Bolus (7) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.12–0.25 m. Alt 170–350 m.
WC
violaceus (DC.) Schwantes in H.Jacobsen
subtruncatus L.Bolus var. wupperthalensis L.Bolus = L. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 20–150 m.
subtruncatus WC
superans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Oscularia superans virgatus L.Bolus
swartbergensis (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 180–300 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 1100–2130 m. WC WC
swartkopensis Strohschn. vredenburgensis L.Bolus = Oscularia vredenburgensis
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’ walgateae L.Bolus
tegens (F.Muell.) N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 300–850 m.
Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt? WC
WC watermeyeri (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
tenuifolius (L.) N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 120–1010 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 30–1000 m. NC
WC woodburniae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
tenuis L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht 0.04–0.08 m. Alt
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.26 m. Alt 20–80 m. 30–300 m. WC
WC wordsworthiae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
thermarum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Oscularia thermarum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt? WC
tulbaghensis (A.Berger) N.E.Br. zeyheri (Salm-Dyck) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 190–450 m.
EC
turbinatus (Jacq.) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent, creeping. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt? LAPIDARIA (Dinter & Schwantes) 2405067
EC N.E.Br.
uncus (L.Bolus) Schwantes (1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
Ruschia unca (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7) ceae, F–Z: 109.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 2000–2200 margaretae (Schwantes) Dinter & Schwantes
m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 660–1100
uniflorus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus m. N, NC
Drosanthemum uniflorum (L.Bolus) Friedrich ex H.Jacobsen (7)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.2–0.45 m. Alt LEIPOLDTIA L.Bolus 2405068
600–1400 m. NC, WC (1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: tt. 256, 260.
uniflorus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. spathulatus L.Bolus ex (3) Hartmann. 1988. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für Allgemeine
H.Jacobsen = L. otzenianus Botanik, Hamburg 22: 93–187.
vallis-gratiae (Schltr. & A.Berger) N.E.Br. (4) Hartmann & Stüber. 1993. Contributions from the Bolus
Herbarium 15: 1–75.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt ± 700 m. WC (5) Hartmann & Rust. 1994. Verhandelungen des Naturwissenschaft-
vanheerdei L.Bolus lichen Vereins Hamburg 34: 275–351.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 300–980 m. (6) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74.
NC ceae, F–Z: 109–114.
vanputtenii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. alborosea (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann & Stüber
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 120–1010 m. Eberlanzia vanheerdei L.Bolus (4)
WC Mesembryanthemum alboroseum L.Bolus (7)

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 200–1200 m. Rhopalocyclus herrei Schwantes (5)

N, NC Rhopalocyclus nelii Schwantes (5)
amplexicaulis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus forma amplexicaulis =
NC, WC, EC
L. schultzei
amplexicaulis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus forma fera L.Bolus = uniflora L.Bolus
L. schultzei Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt up to 1200
m. NC
aprica (A.Berger) L.Bolus = L. schultzei
weigangiana (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes subsp. gran-
brevifolia L.Bolus = L. schultzei
diflora (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann & Rust
britteniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = L. schultzei Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt? N, NC
calandra (L.Bolus) L.Bolus weigangiana (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes subsp. little-
Mesembryanthemum calandrum L.Bolus (5)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.11 m. Alt up to 1200 woodii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann & Rust
m. NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? N, NC
compacta L.Bolus weigangiana (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes subsp.
Ruschia gibbosa L.Bolus (6) weigangiana
Cephalophyllum weigangianum (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes (5)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 900–1200 Mesembryanthemum weigangianum Dinter (5)
m. NC Rhopalocyclus weigangianus (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes (5)
compressa L.Bolus var. compressa = Hallianthus planus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt? N, NC
compressa L.Bolus var. lekkersingensis L.Bolus = Hal-
lianthus planus
LITHOPS N.E.Br. 2405069
(1) Cole & Glen. 1984. The Flowering Plants of Africa 48: tt. 1895A,
constricta (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = L. schultzei 1895B.
framesii L.Bolus = L. laxa (2) Cole. 1988. Lithops: flowering stones: 1−254.
(3) Cole. 1990. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: tt. 2005A, 2005B.
frutescens (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann (4) Hammer & Uijs. 1994. Aloe 31: 36−38
Cephalophyllum frutescens L.Bolus (2) (5) Hammer. 1999. Lithops—treasures of the veld: 1–148.
Cephalophyllum frutescens L.Bolus var. decumbens L.Bolus (3) (6) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 30–180 m. ceae, F–Z: 114–135.
NC, WC alpina Dinter = L. pseudotruncatella subsp. pseudo-
herrei (Schwantes) Schwantes = L. schultzei truncatella var. pseudotruncatella
jacobseniana Schwantes = L. schultzei annae de Boer = L. gesineae var. annae
klaverensis L.Bolus archerae de Boer = L. pseudotruncatella subsp. archerae
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 120–350 m. aucampiae L.Bolus subsp. aucampiae
NC, WC L. aucampiae L.Bolus subsp. aucampiae var. koelemanii (de Boer)
D.T.Cole (6)
laxa L.Bolus L. koelemanii de Boer (6)
L. framesii L.Bolus (5)
m. NW, NC
NC, WC
aucampiae L.Bolus subsp. aucampiae var. koelemanii
lunata H.E.K.Hartmann & Rust
(de Boer) D.T.Cole = L. aucampiae subsp. aucampiae
NC aucampiae L.Bolus subsp. euniceae (de Boer) D.T.Cole
L. aucampiae L.Bolus subsp. euniceae (de Boer) D.T.Cole var. flu-
nelii L.Bolus = L. schultzei minalis D.T.Cole (6)
pauciflora L.Bolus = L. schultzei L. aucampiae L.Bolus var. euniceae de Boer (2)
L. aucampiae L.Bolus var. fluminalis D.T.Cole (6)
plana L.Bolus = Hallianthus planus
rosea L.Bolus m. NC
Cephalophyllum calvinianum L.Bolus (5)
Cephalophyllum roseum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (3) aucampiae L.Bolus subsp. euniceae (de Boer) D.T.Cole
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 180–320 m. var. fluminalis D.T.Cole = L. aucampiae subsp.
NC, WC euniceae
schultzei (Schltr. & Diels) Friedrich aucampiae L.Bolus var. euniceae de Boer = L. aucampiae
L. amplexicaulis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus forma amplexicaulis (5) subsp. euniceae
L. amplexicaulis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus forma fera L.Bolus (5)
L. aprica (A.Berger) L.Bolus (5) aucampiae L.Bolus var. fluminalis D.T.Cole = L. aucampiae
L. brevifolia L.Bolus (5) subsp. euniceae
L. britteniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (5) aurantiaca L.Bolus = L. hookeri
L. constricta (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (5)
L. herrei (Schwantes) Schwantes (5) bella N.E.Br. var. bella = L. karasmontana subsp. bella
L. jacobseniana Schwantes (5) bella N.E.Br. var. eberlanzii (Dinter & Schwantes) de Boer
L. nelii L.Bolus (5) & Boom = L. karasmontana subsp. eberlanzii
L. pauciflora L.Bolus (5)
Mesembryanthemum amplexicaulis L.Bolus (5) bella N.E.Br. var. lericheana (Dinter & Schwantes) de
Mesembryanthemum apricum A.Berger (5) Boer & Boom = L. karasmontana subsp. karas-
Mesembryanthemum britteniae L.Bolus (5) montana
Mesembryanthemum constrictum L.Bolus (5)
Mesembryanthemum schultzei Schltr. & Diels (5) brevis L.Bolus = L. dinteri subsp. dinteri
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Leipoldtia

bromfieldii L.Bolus dinteri Schwantes var. marthae (Loesch & Tischer)

L. bromfieldii L.Bolus var. glaudinae (de Boer) D.T.Cole (6) B.Fearn = L. schwantesii subsp. schwantesii
L. bromfieldii L.Bolus var. insularis (L.Bolus) B.Fearn (6)
L. bromfieldii L.Bolus var. insularis (L.Bolus) B.Fearn forma sul- dinteri Schwantes var. multipunctata de Boer = L. din-
phurea Y.Shimada (2) teri subsp. multipunctata
L. bromfieldii L.Bolus var. mennellii (L.Bolus) B.Fearn (6)
L. glaudinae de Boer (2)
diutina L.Bolus = L. marmorata
L. insularis L.Bolus (6) divergens L.Bolus
L. mennellii L.Bolus (6) L. comptonii L.Bolus var. divergens (L.Bolus) B.Fearn (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 980–1300 L. comptonii L.Bolus var. divergens (L.Bolus) B.Fearn forma
m. NC amethystina (de Boer) B.Fearn (2)
L. divergens L.Bolus var. amethystina de Boer (6)
bromfieldii L.Bolus var. glaudinae (de Boer) D.T.Cole = Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 380–1100
L. bromfieldii m. NC, WC
bromfieldii L.Bolus var. insularis (L.Bolus) B.Fearn = divergens L.Bolus var. amethystina de Boer = L. diver-
L. bromfieldii gens
bromfieldii L.Bolus var. insularis (L.Bolus) B.Fearn dorotheae Nel
forma sulphurea Y.Shimada = L. bromfieldii L. eksteeniae L.Bolus (6)
bromfieldii L.Bolus var. mennellii (L.Bolus) B.Fearn = Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1050–1160
L. bromfieldii m. NC
christinae de Boer = L. schwantesii subsp. schwantesii eberlanzii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. = L. karas-
chrysocephala Nel = L. julii subsp. julii montana subsp. eberlanzii
coleorum S.A.Hammer & Uijs edithiae in sense of H.Jacobsen, misapplied name = L.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 920–1150 pseudotruncatella subsp. pseudotruncatella
m. LIM edithiae in sense of Schwantes, misapplied name = L.
comptonii L.Bolus pseudotruncatella subsp. pseudotruncatella
L. comptonii L.Bolus var. weberi (Nel) D.T.Cole (6) edithiae N.E.Br. = L. karasmontana subsp. eberlanzii;
L. otzeniana Nel var. weberi (Nel) B.Fearn (6)
L. weberi Nel (6)
eksteeniae L.Bolus = L. dorotheae
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 800–1550 elevata L.Bolus = L. optica
m. NC, WC elisabethiae Dinter = L. pseudotruncatella subsp.
comptonii L.Bolus var. divergens (L.Bolus) B.Fearn = pseudotruncatella
L. divergens elisae de Boer = L. marmorata
comptonii L.Bolus var. divergens (L.Bolus) B.Fearn erniana Tischer ex H.Jacobsen = L. karasmontana
forma amethystina (de Boer) B.Fearn = L. diver- subsp. eberlanzii
gens
erniana Tischer ex H.Jacobsen var. aiaisensis de Boer =
comptonii L.Bolus var. viridis (H.A.Lückh.) B.Fearn = L. karasmontana subsp. karasmontana
L. viridis
erniana Tischer ex H.Jacobsen var. witputzensis de Boer
comptonii L.Bolus var. weberi (Nel) D.T.Cole = L. comp-
= L. karasmontana subsp. eberlanzii
tonii
dabneri L.Bolus = L. hookeri framesii L.Bolus = L. marmorata
damarana (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = L. karasmontana subsp. francisci (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br.
L. halenbergensis Tischer (2)
karasmontana Mesembryanthemum francisci Dinter & Schwantes (6)
deboeri Schwantes = L. villetii subsp. deboeri Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 530–670 m.
dendritica Nel = L. pseudotruncatella subsp. dendritica N
dinteri Schwantes subsp. dinteri francisci (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. annae (de
L. brevis L.Bolus (2) Boer) B.Fearn = L. gesineae
L. dinteri Schwantes subsp. dinteri var. brevis (L.Bolus) B.Fearn (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 910–1070 francisci (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. gesinae (de
m. N Boer) B.Fearn = L. gesineae
dinteri Schwantes subsp. dinteri var. brevis (L.Bolus) fulleri N.E.Br. var. brunnea de Boer = L. julii subsp.
B.Fearn = L. dinteri subsp. dinteri fulleri
dinteri Schwantes subsp. frederici (D.T.Cole) D.T.Cole fulleri N.E.Br. var. chrysocephala (Nel) de Boer = L.
L. dinteri Schwantes var. frederici D.T.Cole (2) julii subsp. julii
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 890–1200 fulleri N.E.Br. var. fulleri = L. julii subsp. fulleri
m. NC
fulleri N.E.Br. var. kennedyi de Boer = L. villetii subsp.
dinteri Schwantes subsp. multipunctata (de Boer) kennedyi
D.T.Cole
L. dinteri Schwantes var. multipunctata de Boer (2) fulleri N.E.Br. var. ochracea de Boer = L. hallii
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 860–1080 fulleri N.E.Br. var. rouxii (de Boer) D.T.Cole = L. julii
m. N subsp. fulleri
dinteri Schwantes var. frederici D.T.Cole = L. dinteri fulleri N.E.Br. var. tapscottii L.Bolus = L. julii subsp.
subsp. frederici fulleri
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Lithops DICOTYLEDONS

fulviceps (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. herrei L.Bolus var. geyeri (Nel) de Boer & Boom = L.
L. fulviceps (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. lactinea D.T.Cole (6) geyeri
Mesembryanthemum fulviceps N.E.Br. (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 700–1150 herrei L.Bolus var. plena L.Bolus = L. herrei
m. N, NC hillii L.Bolus = L. geyeri
fulviceps (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. lactinea D.T.Cole = L. hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes
L. aurantiaca L.Bolus (2)
fulviceps L. dabneri L.Bolus (2)
gesineae de Boer L. hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. dabneri (L.Bolus) D.T.Cole (6)
L. annae de Boer (2) L. hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. elephina (D.T.Cole) D.T.Cole (6)
L. francisci (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. annae (de Boer) L. hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. lutea (de Boer) D.T.Cole (6)
B.Fearn (2) L. hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. marginata (Nel) D.T.Cole (6)
L. francisci (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. gesinae (de Boer) L. hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. subfenestrata (de Boer)
B.Fearn (2) D.T.Cole (6)
L. gesineae de Boer var. annae (de Boer) D.T.Cole (2) L. hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. susannae (D.T.Cole)
D.T.Cole (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1200–1620 L. marginata Nel (2)
m. N L. turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br., not of Haw., misapplied name (2)
gesineae de Boer var. annae (de Boer) D.T.Cole = L. L. turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. brunneo-violacea de Boer,
misapplied name (2)
gesineae L. turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. dabneri (L.Bolus)
geyeri Nel D.T.Cole, misapplied name (2)
L. herrei L.Bolus var. geyeri (Nel) de Boer & Boom (2) L. turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. elephina D.T.Cole, misap-
L. hillii L.Bolus (6) plied name (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 620–790 m. L. turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. lutea de Boer, misapplied
name (2)
NC L. turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. marginata (Nel) D.T.Cole,
glaudinae de Boer = L. bromfieldii misapplied name (2)
L. turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. subfenestrata de Boer, mis-
gracilidelineata Dinter subsp. brandbergensis (de Boer) applied name (2)
D.T.Cole L. turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. susannae D.T.Cole, misap-
L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. brandbergensis de Boer (2) plied name (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1900–2574 Mesembryanthemum hookeri A.Berger (6)
m. N Mesembryanthemum truncatellum Hook.f., not of Haw. (2)
Mesembryanthemum turbiniforme in sense of N.E.Br., not of Haw.,
gracilidelineata Dinter subsp. gracilidelineata misapplied name (2)
L. gracilidelineata Dinter subsp. gracilidelineata var. waldroniae de Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 890–1460
Boer (6)
L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. gracilidelineata (Dinter) m. NC
B.Fearn (2) hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. dabneri (L.Bolus)
L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. gracilidelineata D.T.Cole = L. hookeri
(Dinter) B.Fearn forma waldronae (de Boer) B.Fearn (2)
L. streyi Schwantes (2) hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. elephina (D.T.Cole)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 180–1430 D.T.Cole = L. hookeri
m. N hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. lutea (de Boer)
gracilidelineata Dinter subsp. gracilidelineata var. wal- D.T.Cole = L. hookeri
droniae de Boer = L. gracilidelineata subsp. gra- hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. marginata (Nel)
cilidelineata D.T.Cole = L. hookeri
gulielmi L.Bolus = L. schwantesii subsp. schwantesii hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. subfenestrata (de
halenbergensis Tischer (insufficiently known) Boer) D.T.Cole = L. hookeri
hallii de Boer hookeri (A.Berger) Schwantes var. susannae (D.T.Cole)
L. fulleri N.E.Br. var. ochracea de Boer (2)
L. hallii de Boer var. ochracea (de Boer) D.T.Cole (6) D.T.Cole = L. hookeri
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 830–1500 inae Nel = L. verruculosa
m. NC insularis L.Bolus = L. bromfieldii
hallii de Boer var. ochracea (de Boer) D.T.Cole = L. julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri
hallii (N.E.Br.) B.Fearn
helmutii L.Bolus L. fulleri N.E.Br. var. brunnea de Boer (2)
L. fulleri N.E.Br. var. fulleri (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m, when in flower. L. fulleri N.E.Br. var. rouxii (de Boer) D.T.Cole (2)
Alt 1080–1160 m. NC L. fulleri N.E.Br. var. tapscottii L.Bolus (2)
hermetica D.T.Cole L. julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri (N.E.Br.)
B.Fearn var. brunnea de Boer (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.025 m. Alt 20–180 m. L. julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri (N.E.Br.)
N B.Fearn var. rouxii (de Boer) D.T.Cole (6)
herrei L.Bolus L. julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. rouxii de Boer (2)
L. herrei L.Bolus var. plena L.Bolus (2) L. maughanii N.E.Br. (2)
L. translucens L.Bolus (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 870–1150
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 100–640 m. m. NC
N, NC julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri
herrei L.Bolus forma albiflora H.Jacobsen = L. mar- (N.E.Br.) B.Fearn var. brunnea de Boer = L. julii
morata subsp. fulleri
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Lithops

julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. fulleri karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. karas-
(N.E.Br.) B.Fearn var. rouxii (de Boer) D.T.Cole = montana var. lericheana (Dinter & Schwantes)
L. julii subsp. fulleri D.T.Cole = L. karasmontana subsp. karasmon-
julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. julii tana
L. chrysocephala Nel (2) karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. karas-
L. fulleri N.E.Br. var. chrysocephala (Nel) de Boer (2) montana var. tischeri D.T.Cole = L. karasmontana
L. julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. littlewoodii de Boer (2) subsp. karasmontana
L. julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. reticulata Tischer ex de
Boer (2) karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. mick-
L. lactea Schick & Tischer (2) bergensis (Dinter) de Boer & Boom = L. karas-
Mesembryanthemum julii Dinter & Schwantes (6) montana subsp. karasmontana
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 550–1069 karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. opali-
m. N na (Dinter) de Boer & Boom = L. karasmontana
julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. littlewoodii de subsp. karasmontana
Boer = L. julii subsp. julii karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. sum-
julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. reticulata mitatum (Dinter) de Boer & Boom = L. karas-
Tischer ex de Boer = L. julii subsp. julii montana subsp. karasmontana
julii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. rouxii de Boer = koelemanii de Boer = L. aucampiae subsp. aucampiae
L. julii subsp. fulleri kuibisensis Dinter ex H.Jacobsen = L. schwantesii
subsp. schwantesii
karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp.
bella (N.E.Br.) D.T.Cole kunjasensis Dinter = L. schwantesii subsp. schwantesii
L. bella N.E.Br. var. bella (2) lactea Schick & Tischer = L. julii subsp. julii
Mesembryanthemum bellum (N.E.Br.) Dinter (2)
lateritia Dinter = L. karasmontana subsp. karasmon-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1200–1300 tana
m. N
lericheana Dinter & Schwantes = L. karasmontana
karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. subsp. karasmontana
eberlanzii (Dinter & Schwantes) D.T.Cole lericheana (Dinter & Schwantes) Dinter & Schwantes =
L. bella N.E.Br. var. eberlanzii (Dinter & Schwantes) de Boer &
Boom (2) L. karasmontana subsp. karasmontana
L. eberlanzii (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. (2) lericheana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. = L. karas-
L. edithiae N.E.Br. (2) montana subsp. karasmontana
L. erniana Tischer ex H.Jacobsen (2)
L. erniana Tischer ex H.Jacobsen var. witputzensis de Boer (2) lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. forma minor (de Boer) B.Fearn
Mesembryanthemum eberlanzii Dinter & Schwantes (2) = L. lesliei subsp. lesliei
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1000–1550 lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. burchellii D.T.Cole
m. N Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 1030–1350
karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. m. NC
karasmontana lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei
L. bella N.E.Br. var. lericheana (Dinter & Schwantes) de Boer & L. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. forma minor (de Boer) B.Fearn (2)
Boom (2) L. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. hornii de Boer (6)
L. damarana (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (2) L. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. mariae D.T.Cole (6)
L. erniana Tischer ex H.Jacobsen var. aiaisensis de Boer (2) L. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. minor de Boer (6)
L. karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmon- L. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. rubrobrunnea de Boer (2)
tana var. aiaisensis (de Boer) D.T.Cole (6) L. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. venteri (Nel) de Boer
L. karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmon- & Boom (6)
tana var. lericheana (Dinter & Schwantes) D.T.Cole (6) L. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. lesliei ‘Albiflora’ D.T.Cole (2)
L. karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. karasmon- L. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. lesliei ‘Albinica’ D.T.Cole (2)
tana var. tischeri D.T.Cole (6) L. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. luteoviridis de Boer (2)
L. karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. mickbergensis L. lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. maraisii de Boer (2)
(Dinter) de Boer & Boom (2) L. venteri Nel (2)
L. karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. opalina Mesembryanthemum ferrugineum Schwantes (2)
(Dinter) de Boer & Boom (2) Mesembryanthemum lesliei N.E.Br. (6)
L. karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. summitatum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 900–1950
(Dinter) de Boer & Boom (2) m. B, LIM, NW, G, FS, NC
L. lateritia Dinter (2)
L. lericheana Dinter & Schwantes (2) lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. hornii de Boer
L. lericheana (Dinter & Schwantes) Dinter & Schwantes (2) = L. lesliei subsp. lesliei
L. lericheana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. (2)
L. mickbergensis Dinter (2) lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. mariae
L. opalina Dinter (2) D.T.Cole = L. lesliei subsp. lesliei
L. summitatum Dinter (2) lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. minor de
Mesembryanthemum damaranum N.E.Br. (2) Boer = L. lesliei subsp. lesliei
Mesembryanthemum karasmontanum Dinter & Schwantes (6)
Mesembryanthemum lericheanum Dinter & Schwantes (2) lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. rubrobrunnea
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1200–2200 de Boer = L. lesliei subsp. lesliei
m. N lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. subsp. lesliei var. venteri (Nel)
karasmontana (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. subsp. de Boer & Boom = L. lesliei subsp. lesliei
karasmontana var. aiaisensis (de Boer) D.T.Cole lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. lesliei ‘Albiflora’ D.T.Cole
= L. karasmontana subsp. karasmontana = L. lesliei subsp. lesliei

lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. lesliei ‘Albinica’ D.T.Cole L. elevata L.Bolus (6)
= L. lesliei subsp. lesliei L. optica (Marloth) N.E.Br. cv. ‘rubra’ (Tischer) H.Jacobsen (6)
Mesembryanthemum opticum Marloth (6)
lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. luteoviridis de Boer = L. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 50–450 m.
lesliei subsp. lesliei N
lesliei (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. maraisii de Boer = L. optica (Marloth) N.E.Br. cv. ‘rubra’ (Tischer) H.Jacob-
lesliei subsp. lesliei sen = L. optica
lineata Nel = L. ruschiorum otzeniana Nel
localis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 825–1000
L. localis in sense of de Boer, misapplied name (2) m. NC
L. localis in sense of de Boer & Boom, misapplied name (2)
L. localis in sense of de Boer & Boom var. peersii (L.Bolus) de Boer otzeniana Nel var. weberi (Nel) B.Fearn = L. comptonii
& Boom, misapplied name (2) peersii L.Bolus = L. localis
L. localis in sense of de Boer & Boom var. terricolor (N.E.Br.) de
Boer & Boom, misapplied name (2)
pillansii L.Bolus = L. ruschiorum
L. peersii L.Bolus (6) pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. forma mundtii
L. terricolor N.E.Br. (6) (Tischer) H.Jacobsen = L. pseudotruncatella
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 800–1150 subsp. pseudotruncatella
m. NC, EC pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. archerae
localis in sense of de Boer, misapplied name = L. localis (de Boer) D.T.Cole
localis in sense of de Boer & Boom, misapplied name = L. archerae de Boer (2)
L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. archerae (de Boer)
L. localis D.T.Cole (2)
localis in sense of de Boer & Boom var. peersii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.015 m. Alt 1500–
(L.Bolus) de Boer & Boom, misapplied name = L. 1770 m. N
localis pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. dendriti-
localis in sense of de Boer & Boom var. terricolor ca (Nel) D.T.Cole
(N.E.Br.) de Boer & Boom, misapplied name = L. L. dendritica Nel (2)
localis L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. dendritica (Nel) de
Boer & Boom (2)
marginata Nel = L. hookeri
marmorata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. 1870 m. N
L. diutina L.Bolus (6)
L. elisae de Boer (6) pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. groendray-
L. framesii L.Bolus (6) ensis (H.Jacobsen) D.T.Cole
L. herrei L.Bolus forma albiflora H.Jacobsen (2) L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. groendrayensis
L. marmorata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. elisae (de Boer) D.T.Cole (6) H.Jacobsen (2)
L. umdausensis L.Bolus (6) L. vallis-mariae (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. groendraaiensis
Mesembryanthemum marmoratum N.E.Br. (6) (H.Jacobsen) de Boer (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt up to 1320 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.015 m. Alt 1490–
m. NC 1520 m. N
marmorata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. var. elisae (de Boer) D.T.Cole pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudo-
= L. marmorata truncatella
L. alpina Dinter (2)
marthae Loesch & Tischer = L. schwantesii subsp. L. edithiae in sense of H.Jacobsen, misapplied name (2)
schwantesii L. edithiae in sense of Schwantes, misapplied name (2)
maughanii N.E.Br. = L. julii subsp. fulleri L. elisabethiae Dinter (2)
L. mundtii Tischer (2)
mennellii L.Bolus = L. bromfieldii L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. forma mundtii (Tischer)
meyeri L.Bolus H.Jacobsen (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 825–1000 L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella
var. elisabethae (Dinter) de Boer & Boom (6)
m. NC L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudotruncatella
mickbergensis Dinter = L. karasmontana subsp. var. riehmerae D.T.Cole (6)
karasmontana L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. alpina (Dinter) Boom (2)
mundtii Tischer = L. pseudotruncatella subsp. L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. alta Tischer (2)
L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. edithiae (N.E.Br.) de
pseudotruncatella Boer & Boom (2)
naureeniae D.T.Cole L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. mundtii (Tischer)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 1000–1200 H.Jacobsen (2)
m. NC Mesembryanthemum pseudotruncatellum A.Berger (6)
Mesembryanthemum truncatellum in sense of Dinter, not of Haw. (2)
nelii Schwantes = L. ruschiorum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.015 m. Alt 1800–
olivacea L.Bolus 2080 m. N
L. olivacea L.Bolus var. nebrownii D.T.Cole (6)
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudo-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1030–1150 truncatella var. elisabethae (Dinter) de Boer &
m. NC Boom = L. pseudotruncatella subsp. pseudo-
olivacea L.Bolus var. nebrownii D.T.Cole = L. olivacea truncatella
opalina Dinter = L. karasmontana subsp. karasmon- pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. pseudo-
tana truncatella var. riehmerae D.T.Cole = L. pseudo-
optica (Marloth) N.E.Br. truncatella subsp. pseudotruncatella

pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. subsp. volkii schwantesii Dinter subsp. schwantesii

(Schwantes ex de Boer & Boom) D.T.Cole L. christinae de Boer (2)
L. pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. volkii Schwantes ex de L. dinteri Schwantes var. marthae (Loesch & Tischer) B.Fearn (2)
Boer & Boom (2) L. gulielmi L.Bolus (6)
L. kuibisensis Dinter ex H.Jacobsen (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.015 m. Alt 2000– L. kunjasensis Dinter (2)
2260 m. N L. marthae Loesch & Tischer (2)
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. alpina L. rugosa Dinter (2)
(Dinter) Boom = L. pseudotruncatella subsp. L. schwantesii Dinter subsp. schwantesii var. marthae (Loesch &
Tischer) D.T.Cole (6)
pseudotruncatella L. schwantesii Dinter subsp. schwantesii var. rugosa (Dinter) de
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. alta Tischer Boer & Boom (6)
= L. pseudotruncatella subsp. pseudotruncatella L. schwantesii Dinter subsp. schwantesii var. urikosensis (Dinter) de
Boer & Boom (6)
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. archerae (de L. schwantesii Dinter var. christinae (de Boer) B.Fearn (6)
Boer) D.T.Cole = L. pseudotruncatella subsp. L. schwantesii Dinter var. kunjasensis (Dinter) de Boer & Boom (2)
archerae L. schwantesii Dinter var. nutupsdriftensis de Boer (2)
L. schwantesii Dinter var. triebneri (L.Bolus) de Boer & Boom (2)
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. brandbergen- L. triebneri L.Bolus (2)
sis de Boer = L. gracilidelineata subsp. brand- L. urikosensis Dinter (2)
bergensis Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1100–1500
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. dendritica m. N
(Nel) de Boer & Boom = L. pseudotruncatella schwantesii Dinter subsp. schwantesii var. marthae
subsp. dendritica (Loesch & Tischer) D.T.Cole = L. schwantesii
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. edithiae subsp. schwantesii
(N.E.Br.) de Boer & Boom = L. pseudotrun- schwantesii Dinter subsp. schwantesii var. rugosa
catella subsp. pseudotruncatella (Dinter) de Boer & Boom = L. schwantesii subsp.
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. gracilidelin- schwantesii
eata (Dinter) B.Fearn = L. gracilidelineata schwantesii Dinter subsp. schwantesii var. urikosensis
subsp. gracilidelineata (Dinter) de Boer & Boom = L. schwantesii subsp.
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. gracilidelin- schwantesii
eata (Dinter) B.Fearn forma waldronae (de Boer)
schwantesii Dinter var. christinae (de Boer) B.Fearn =
B.Fearn = L. gracilidelineata subsp. gracilide-
L. schwantesii subsp. schwantesii
lineata
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. groendrayen- schwantesii Dinter var. gebseri de Boer = L. schwante-
sis H.Jacobsen = L. pseudotruncatella subsp. sii subsp. gebseri
groendrayensis schwantesii Dinter var. kunjasensis (Dinter) de Boer &
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. mundtii Boom = L. schwantesii subsp. schwantesii
(Tischer) H.Jacobsen = L. pseudotruncatella schwantesii Dinter var. nutupsdriftensis de Boer = L.
subsp. pseudotruncatella schwantesii subsp. schwantesii
pseudotruncatella (A.Berger) N.E.Br. var. volkii schwantesii Dinter var. triebneri (L.Bolus) de Boer &
Schwantes ex de Boer & Boom = L. pseudotrun- Boom = L. schwantesii subsp. schwantesii
catella subsp. volkii streyi Schwantes = L. gracilidelineata subsp. gra-
rugosa Dinter = L. schwantesii subsp. schwantesii cilidelineata
ruschiorum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. summitatum Dinter = L. karasmontana subsp. karas-
L. lineata Nel (2) montana
L. nelii Schwantes (2)
L. pillansii L.Bolus (2) terricolor N.E.Br. = L. localis
L. ruschiorum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. lineata (Nel)
D.T.Cole (6)
translucens L.Bolus = L. herrei
L. ruschiorum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. nelii (Schwantes) triebneri L.Bolus = L. schwantesii subsp. schwantesii
de Boer & Boom (2)
Mesembryanthemum ruschiorum Dinter & Schwantes (6) turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br., misapplied name = L.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 100–550 m. hookeri
N turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. brunneo-violacea
ruschiorum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. lineata de Boer, misapplied name = L. hookeri
(Nel) D.T.Cole = L. ruschiorum turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. dabneri (L.Bolus)
ruschiorum (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. nelii D.T.Cole, misapplied name = L. hookeri
(Schwantes) de Boer & Boom = L. ruschiorum turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. elephina D.T.Cole,
misapplied name = L. hookeri
salicola L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1000–1350 turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. lutea de Boer, mis-
m. FS, NC applied name = L. hookeri
schwantesii Dinter subsp. gebseri (de Boer) D.T.Cole turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. marginata (Nel)
L. schwantesii Dinter var. gebseri de Boer (2) D.T.Cole, misapplied name = L. hookeri
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1200–1650 turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. subfenestrata de
m. N Boer, misapplied name = L. hookeri

turbiniformis in sense of N.E.Br. var. susannae baxteri L.Bolus = M. bijliae

D.T.Cole, misapplied name = L. hookeri bijliae (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus
umdausensis L.Bolus = L. marmorata M. acuminatum L.Bolus (2)
M. baxteri L.Bolus (2)
urikosensis Dinter = L. schwantesii subsp. schwantesii M. stenopetalum L.Bolus (2)
vallis-mariae (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. M. vanbredai L.Bolus (2)
L. vallis-mariae (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. margarethae de Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.14 m. Alt 570–1560
Boer (6) m. WC, EC
Mesembryanthemum vallis-mariae Dinter & Schwantes (6)
brevifolium L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1100–1300 M. latifolium L.Bolus (2)
m. N Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 500–600 m.
vallis-mariae (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. groen- WC
draaiensis (H.Jacobsen) de Boer = L. cookii (L.Bolus) Schwantes = M. albidum
pseudotruncatella subsp. groendrayensis
latifolium L.Bolus = M. brevifolium
vallis-mariae (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. var. mar-
garethae de Boer = L. vallis-mariae stayneri L.Bolus
vanzylii L.Bolus = Dinteranthus vanzylii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? EC
venteri Nel = L. lesliei subsp. lesliei stenopetalum L.Bolus = M. bijliae
verruculosa Nel vanbredai L.Bolus = M. bijliae
L. inae Nel (2)
L. verruculosa Nel var. glabra de Boer (6) MALEPHORA N.E.Br. 2405071
L. verruculosa Nel var. inae (Nel) de Boer & Boom (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 950–1250 (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
m. NC ceae, F–Z: 138–141.
verruculosa Nel var. glabra de Boer = L. verruculosa crassa (L.Bolus) H.Jacobsen & Schwantes
verruculosa Nel var. inae (Nel) de Boer & Boom = L. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 470–600 m.
verruculosa NC, WC
villetii L.Bolus subsp. deboeri (Schwantes) D.T.Cole crocea (Jacq.) Schwantes
L. deboeri Schwantes (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1100–1600
L. villetii L.Bolus var. deboeri (Schwantes) D.T.Cole (2) m. NC
crocea (Jacq.) Schwantes var. purpureo-crocea (Haw.)
m. NC
H.Jacobsen = M. purpureo-crocea
villetii L.Bolus subsp. kennedyi (de Boer) D.T.Cole
L. fulleri N.E.Br. var. kennedyi de Boer (2) engleriana (Dinter & A.Berger) Schwantes
L. villetii L.Bolus var. kennedyi (de Boer) D.T.Cole (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 1300–1700
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 900–1200 m. N
m. NC flavo-crocea (Haw.) H.Jacobsen & Schwantes
villetii L.Bolus subsp. villetii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 1100–1600
m. NC framesii (L.Bolus) H.Jacobsen & Schwantes
villetii L.Bolus var. deboeri (Schwantes) D.T.Cole = L. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 50–190 m.
villetii subsp. deboeri WC
villetii L.Bolus var. kennedyi (de Boer) D.T.Cole = L. herrei (Schwantes) Schwantes
villetii subsp. kennedyi Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt ± 1500 m. FS
viridis H.A.Lückh. latipetala (L.Bolus) H.Jacobsen & Schwantes
L. comptonii L.Bolus var. viridis (H.A.Lückh.) B.Fearn (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 400–950 m.
NC
lutea (Haw.) Schwantes
weberi Nel = L. comptonii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 500–800 m.
werneri Schwantes & H.Jacobsen WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1750–2300 luteola (Haw.) Schwantes
m. N Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 500–800 m.
WC
MACHAIROPHYLLUM 2405070
Schwantes mollis (Aiton) N.E.Br.
(1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 50–850 m.
Aizoaceae, F–Z: 136, 137. WC, EC
(2) Kurzweil & Chesselet. 2003. Bothalia 33: 19–39. ochracea (A.Berger) H.E.K.Hartmann
acuminatum L.Bolus = M. bijliae Glottiphyllum ochraceum (A.Berger) N.E.Br. (2)
albidum (L.) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’
M. cookii (L.Bolus) Schwantes (2) purpureo-crocea (Haw.) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.17 m. Alt 330–600 m. M. crocea (Jacq.) Schwantes var. purpureo-crocea (Haw.) H.Jacob-
WC sen (2)

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 175–1100 m. Micropterum puberulum (Haw.) Schwantes (7)
NC, WC Micropterum sessiliflorum (Aiton) Schwantes var. album (Haw.)
H.Jacobsen (7)
smithii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Annual, biennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 20–
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.035–0.04 m. Alt 1400– 1200 m. NC, WC, EC
1500 m. FS
alatum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = M. guerichianum
thunbergii (Haw.) Schwantes
Crocanthus thunbergii (Haw.) L.Bolus (2) albatum L.Bolus = Juttadinteria albata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 250–1100 m. albicaule Haw. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splen-
EC dens
uitenhagensis (L.Bolus) H.Jacobsen & Schwantes albicaule Salm-Dyck = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 550–1200 m. splendens
WC
albicute N.E.Br. = Ruschia bolusiae
verruculoides (Sond.) Schwantes
alboroseum L.Bolus = Leipoldtia alborosea
m. NC album L.Bolus = Oscularia alba
aloides Haw. = Nananthus aloides
MARLOTHISTELLA Schwantes 2405175 altigenum L.Bolus = Ruschia altigena
(1) Schwantes. 1928. Gartenwelt 32: 599.
(2) Hammer. 1995. Bradleya 13: 82−87. altile N.E.Br. = Conophytum ficiforme
(3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- amicorum L.Bolus = Ruschia amicorum
ceae, F–Z: 142.
amplexicaule L.Bolus = Leipoldtia schultzei
stenophylla (L.Bolus) S.A.Hammer
Mesembryanthemum stenophyllum L.Bolus (2) amplexum N.E.Br. = Ruschia inclusa
Ruschia stenophylla (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (2)
ampliatum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia ampliata
m. EC anatomicum Haw. var. anatomicum = Sceletium emar-
cidum
uniondalensis Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 850–1250 anatomicum Haw. var. emarcidum (Thunb.) DC. = Sce-
m. WC letium emarcidum
anatomicum Haw. var. fragile Haw. = Sceletium emar-
MAUGHANIELLA L.Bolus 2405072 cidum
luckhoffii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Diplosoma luckhoffii androsaceum Marloth, naked name = Antimima
androsacea
MESEMBRYANTHEMUM L. 2405073 androsaceum (Schwantes) N.E.Br. = Antimima andro-
(1) Phillips. 1922. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 2: tt. 54, 73. sacea
(3) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: tt. 251, angelicae (Dinter & Schwantes) N.E.Br. = Conophy-
256, 263, 271, 272, 279. tum angelicae subsp. angelicae
(5) Bolus. 1931. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 11: t. 413. angustum Haw. = Glottiphyllum cruciatum
(6) Koutnik & O’Connor-Fenton. 1984. Journal of South African angustum Haw. var. heterophyllum Haw. = Glottiphyl-
Botany 50: 365−371. lum longum
(7) Gerbaulet. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent
plants. Aizoaceae, F–Z: 143–153. angustum Haw. var. heterophyllum in sense of Salm-
abruptum A.Berger = Octopoma abruptum Dyck, not of Haw. = Glottiphyllum depressum
acinaciforme Gouan = Carpobrotus acinaciformis annuum L.Bolus = M. stenandrum
acinaciforme L. = Carpobrotus acinaciformis apiatum N.E.Br. = Conophytum bilobum subsp.
bilobum
acinaciforme L. var. β flavum L. = Carpobrotus edulis
subsp. edulis approximatum L.Bolus = Ruschia approximata
acinaciforme L. var. purpureum L. = Carpobrotus aci- apricum A.Berger = Leipoldtia schultzei
naciformis arenosum Schinz = Brownanthus arenosus
aculeatum N.E.Br. = Ruschia spinosa aridum Moench, illegitimate name = Sceletium tortuo-
acuminatum Haw. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. sum
splendens aristulatum Sond. = Antimima aristulata
acutangulum Haw. = Ruschia acutangula articulatum Thunb. = Psilocaulon articulatum
acutisepalum A.Berger = Psilocaulon junceum assimile N.E.Br. = Conophytum ficiforme
adscendens Haw. = Glottiphyllum longum atratum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia atrata
aggregatum Haw. ex N.E.Br. = Conophytum piluli- atrocinctum N.E.Br. = Antimima saturata
forme subsp. piluliforme attenuatum Haw. = Drosanthemum attenuatum
aitonis Jacq. augeiforme Schwantes = Conophytum chauviniae
M. louiseae L.Bolus (7)
M. paulum (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus (7) auratum Sond. = Phyllobolus nitidus
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Malephora DICOTYLEDONS

aureum Thunb., illegitimate name = Phyllobolus nitidus chrysum L.Bolus = M. excavatum

ausanum Dinter & A.Berger = Prenia tetragona ciliatum Aiton = Brownanthus ciliatus subsp. ciliatus
axthelmianum Dinter = Ruschia axthelmiana ciliolatum N.E.Br. = Antimima dasyphylla
barklyi N.E.Br. cinctum L.Bolus = Ruschia cincta
M. macrophyllum L.Bolus (7)
clausum Dinter = Eberlanzia clausa
Biennial. Succulent. Ht up to 1.5 m, when in flower.
Alt 30–1250 m. N, NC clavulatum A.Berger = Psilocaulon subnodosum
barnardii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia barnardii cleistum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Eberlanzia sedoides
beetzii Dinter = Stoeberia beetzii collinum Sond. = Drosanthemum collinum
bellidiflorum L. var. subulatum (Mill.) Haw. = Acrodon commutatum A.Berger = Phyllobolus grossus
subulatus compactum Aiton = Pleiospilos compactus subsp.
bellum (N.E.Br.) Dinter = Lithops karasmontana compactus
subsp. bella comptonii L.Bolus = Oscularia comptonii
bergerianum Dinter = Hereroa hesperantha comptonii L.Bolus var. roseum L.Bolus = Oscularia
bicorne Sond. = Psilocaulon bicorne comptonii
bidentatum Haw. = Glottiphyllum difforme comptum N.E.Br. = Antimima concinna
biforme N.E.Br. = Antimima biformis concavum Haw. = Sceletium tortuosum
bigibberatum Haw. = Glottiphyllum difforme condensum N.E.Br. = Antimima condensa
bijliae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia bijliae congestum Salm-Dyck = Ruschia congesta
bilobum Marloth = Conophytum bilobum subsp. connatum N.E.Br. = Octopoma connatum
bilobum constrictum L.Bolus = Leipoldtia schultzei
bolusii Hook.f. = Pleiospilos bolusii corallinum Thunb. = Brownanthus corallinus
bosscheanum A.Berger = Faucaria bosscheana coriarium Burch. ex N.E.Br. = Psilocaulon coriarium
brakdamense L.Bolus = Ruschia brakdamensis cradockense Kuntze = Ruschia cradockensis subsp.
breve L.Bolus = M. crystallinum cradockensis
brevicolle N.E.Br. = Antimima brevicollis crassicaule Haw. = Sceletium crassicaule
brevifolium Aiton = Drosanthemum brevifolium crassipes Marloth = Aloinopsis spathulata
britteniae L.Bolus = Leipoldtia schultzei crassulifolium (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Eberlanzia sedoides
calamiforme L. = Cylindrophyllum calamiforme crassum L.Bolus = Ruschia crassa
calandrum L.Bolus = Leipoldtia calandra cruciatum Haw. = Glottiphyllum cruciatum
calcicola L.Bolus = Ruschia calcicola cryocalyx L.Bolus = M. longistylum
calculus A.Berger = Conophytum calculus subsp. cal- cryptanthum Hook.f.
culus Aizoon theurkauffii Maire (7)
calycinum Haw. = Drosanthemum calycinum Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt? N, NC, WC
campestre Burch. = Ruschia campestris crystallino-papillosum Bolus ex Fedde & J.Schust. =
canaliculatum Haw. = Phyllobolus canaliculatus Phyllobolus oculatus
candens Haw. = Drosanthemum candens crystallinum L.
M. breve L.Bolus (7)
canonotatum L.Bolus = Ruschia canonotata Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m, when in flower. Alt
canum A.Berger = Deilanthe peersii 20–1300 m. N, NC, WC, EC
canum Haw. = Pleiospilos compactus subsp. canus cultratum Salm-Dyck = Glottiphyllum longum
capornii L.Bolus = Ruschia capornii cupreum L.Bolus = Cephalophyllum caespitosum
capornii L.Bolus forma ferum L.Bolus = Ruschia cupulatum L.Bolus = Ruschia cupulata
capornii curtum Haw. = Ruschia curta
capornii L.Bolus var. longifolium L.Bolus = Ruschia cylindricum Haw. = Calamophyllum cylindricum
capornii
cylindricum Haw. var. teretifolium Haw. = Calamo-
carneum Haw. = Phyllobolus spinuliferus phyllum teretifolium
caroli L.Bolus = Ruschia caroli cymbifolium Haw. = Ruschia cymbifolia
catervum N.E.Br. = Conophytum truncatum subsp. cymbiforme Haw. = Corpuscularia cymbiformis
viridicatum
damaranum N.E.Br. = Lithops karasmontana subsp.
caudatum L.Bolus = Phyllobolus caudatus karasmontana
caulescens Mill. = Oscularia caulescens dasyphyllum Schltr. = Antimima dasyphylla
cedarbergense L.Bolus = Oscularia cedarbergensis deceptum N.E.Br., illegitimate name = Ruschia cymbi-
chauviniae Schwantes = Conophytum chauviniae folia
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Mesembryanthemum

decurrens (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia decurrens evolutum N.E.Br. = Antimima evoluta

deflectum N.E.Br. = Ruschia decumbens exacutum N.E.Br. = Ruschia acuminata
defoliatum Haw. = Aridaria noctiflora subsp. defoliata excavatum L.Bolus
M. chrysum L.Bolus (7)
dejagerae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia dejagerae
dekenahi N.E.Br. = Antimima dekenahi WC
deliciosum L.Bolus = Carpobrotus deliciosus excedens L.Bolus = Oscularia excedens
deltoides L. var. muricatum A.Berger = Oscularia del- exile N.E.Br. = Ruschia gracilis
toides
expansum L. = Sceletium expansum
deltoides L. var. pedunculatum N.E.Br. = Oscularia
falciforme Haw. = Lampranthus falciformis
pedunculata
fastigiatum Haw., illegitimate name = Phyllobolus
deltoides L. var. simplex DC. = Oscularia caulescens
splendens subsp. splendens
delum L.Bolus = Phyllobolus delus
fastigiatum Haw. var. reflexum (Haw.) Haw. = Phyllo-
depressum Haw. = Glottiphyllum depressum bolus splendens subsp. splendens
depressum Haw. var. lividum Haw. = Glottiphyllum fastigiatum Salm-Dyck = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
depressum splendens
derenbergiana Dinter = Ebracteola derenbergiana fastigiatum Thunb.
dichroum Rolfe = Ruschia dichroa M. pachypus L.Bolus (7)
Opophytum fastigiatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. (7)
difforme L. = Glottiphyllum difforme Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 170–350 m.
difforme Thunb. = Cheiridopsis namaquensis WC
digitatum Aiton = Dactylopsis digitata felinum (L.) Weston = Faucaria felina
digitatum Thunb. = Dactylopsis digitata fergusoniae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima fergusoniae
digitiforme Thunb. = Dactylopsis digitata ferrugineum Schwantes = Lithops lesliei subsp. lesliei
dilatatum Haw. = Ruschia haworthii festivum N.E.Br. = Ruschia festiva
dimidiatum Haw. = Carpobrotus dimidiatus fibuliforme Haw. = Conophytum fibuliforme
dinterae Dinter = Chasmatophyllum musculinum ficiforme Haw. = Conophytum ficiforme
dinteri Engl. = Psilocaulon dinteri filipetalum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia filipetala
diplosum N.E.Br. = Ruschia patens firmum N.E.Br. = Ruschia brevipes
dissitum N.E.Br. = Mitrophyllum dissitum flexuosum Haw. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splen-
distans L.Bolus = Antimima distans dens
dolabriforme L. = Rhombophyllum dolabriforme flexuosum Salm-Dyck = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
dolomiticum Dinter = Antimima dolomitica splendens
drepanophyllum Schltr. & A.Berger = Esterhuysenia floribundum Haw. = Drosanthemum floribundum
drepanophylla floriferum N.E.Br. = Eberlanzia schneideriana
duale N.E.Br. = Antimima dualis formosulum N.E.Br. = Antimima peersii
duthiae L.Bolus = Ruschia duthiae fourcadei in sense of (L.Bolus) N.E.Br., not of L.Bolus,
dyeri (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Rhombophyllum albanense illegitimate name = Ruschia fourcadei
eberlanzii Dinter & Schwantes = Lithops karasmon- fragrans Salm-Dyck = Glottiphyllum depressum
tana subsp. eberlanzii framesii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br., illegitimate name = Ruschia
edentulum Haw. = Ruschia edentula framesii
edule L. = Carpobrotus edulis subsp. edulis francisci Dinter & Schwantes = Lithops francisci
eendornense Dinter = Antimima eendornensis fraternum N.E.Br. = Conophytum fraternum
fredericii L.Bolus = Ruschia fredericii
elineatum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia elineata
friedrichiae Dinter = Conophytum friedrichiae
elishae N.E.Br. = Conophytum bilobum subsp.
bilobum frutescens L.Bolus = Stoeberia frutescens
fulviceps N.E.Br. = Lithops fulviceps
emarcidum Thunb. = Sceletium emarcidum
fulvum Haw. = Aridaria noctiflora subsp. straminea
englishiae L.Bolus = Prenia englishiae
gariusanum Dinter
enorme N.E.Br. = Antimima tuberculosa M. violense L.Bolus (7)
erectum L.Bolus = Ruschia erecta Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 220–1200 m.
N, NC
eurystigmatum Gerbaulet geminatum Jacq. = Ruschia geminiflora
Eurystigma clavatum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7)
Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 600–1050 m. geminatum Salm-Dyck = Ruschia geminiflora
NC, WC geminiflorum Haw. = Ruschia geminiflora
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Mesembryanthemum DICOTYLEDONS

geminum N.E.Br. = Cerochlamys gemina Opophytum ampliatum L.Bolus (7)

Opophytum aquosum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (7)
gessertianum Dinter & A.Berger = Psilocaulon gesser- Opophytum australe L.Bolus (7)
tianum Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 50–1000 m.
gigas Dinter = Stoeberia gigas N, NC
glareosum A.Berger = Psilocaulon salicornioides imbricatum Haw. = Ruschia imbricata
globosum N.E.Br. = Conophytum globosum imbricatum Haw. var. rubrum Haw. = Ruschia imbricata
goodiae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia goodiae impressum (L.Bolus) J.W.Ingram = Ruschia impressa
gracistylum L.Bolus = Conophytum bilobum subsp. inachabense Engl.
gracilistylum M. longipapillosum Dinter (7)
grandiflorum Haw. = Glottiphyllum grandiflorum
N, NC
graniticum L.Bolus = Antimima granitica
inclusum L.Bolus = Octopoma inclusum
granulatum N.E.Br. = Hereroa granulata
incurvatum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia incurvata
granulicaule Haw. = Psilocaulon granulicaule
indecorum L.Bolus = Ruschia indecora
gratum N.E.Br. = Conophytum jucundum subsp.
induratum L.Bolus = Ruschia indurata
jucundum
inornatum L.Bolus = M. nodiflorum
griquense L.Bolus = Ruschia griquensis
insidens (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima insidens
griseum L.Bolus = Ruschia grisea
intransparens L.Bolus var. intransparens = M. gueri-
grossum Aiton = Phyllobolus grossus
chianum
guerichianum Pax
Amoebophyllum guerichianum (Pax) N.E.Br. (7) intransparens L.Bolus var. laxum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus =
M. alatum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7) M. guerichianum
M. horridum Koutnik & Lavis (7) intricatum N.E.Br. = Ruschia intricata
M. intransparens L.Bolus var. intransparens (7)
M. intransparens L.Bolus var. laxum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7) intrusum Kensit = Brianhuntleya intrusa
M. karrooense L.Bolus (7)
M. latisepalum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7)
iteratum N.E.Br. = Ruschia britteniae
M. macrostigma L.Bolus (7) ivori N.E.Br. = Antimima ivori
M. neilsoniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7)
M. parvipapillatum L.Bolus (7) johannis-winkleri Dinter & Schwantes = Conophytum
M. perlatum Dinter (7) pageae
M. purpureoroseum L.Bolus (7) jucundum N.E.Br. = Conophytum jucundum subsp.
M. quinangulatum L.Bolus (7)
M. rhodanthum L.Bolus (7) jucundum
M. rubroroseum L.Bolus (7) jugiferum N.E.Br. = Conophytum ficiforme
M. sedentiflorum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7)
M. setosum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7) julii Dinter & Schwantes = Lithops julii subsp. julii
M. squamulosum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (7) junceum Haw. = Psilocaulon junceum
M. subrigidum L.Bolus (7)
M. subtereticaule L.Bolus (7) junceum Haw. var. pauciflorum Sond. = Psilocaulon
Annual, biennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? N, junceum
NC, WC, EC juritzii L.Bolus = Carpobrotus dimidiatus
guthriae L.Bolus = Oscularia guthriae karasmontanum Dinter & Schwantes = Lithops karas-
halenbergense Dinter & Schwantes = Conophytum montana subsp. karasmontana
halenbergense karrooense L.Bolus = M. guerichianum
hamatile (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima hamatilis karrooicum L.Bolus = Ruschia karrooica
hamatum L.Bolus = Ruschia hamata klaverensis L.Bolus = Antimima klaverensis
hantamense Engl. = Antimima hantamensis knysnanum L.Bolus = Ruschia knysnana
hebes N.E.Br. = Ruschia obtusa kuntzei Schinz = Brownanthus kuntzei
herrei (Schwantes) N.E.Br. = Antimima herrei labyrintheum N.E.Br. = Conophytum minimum
hesperanthum Dinter & A.Berger = Hereroa hesperantha lacerum Haw. = Erepsia lacera
hexamerum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia hexamera lacunatum N.E.Br. = Eberlanzia schneideriana
hirtellum Haw. = Drosanthemum hirtellum laeve Aiton = Amphibolia laevis
hispidum L. = Drosanthemum hispidum laevigatum Haw. = Carpobrotus acinaciformis
hookeri A.Berger = Lithops hookeri lanceum Thunb. = Prenia pallens subsp. lancea
horizontale Haw. = Aridaria noctiflora subsp. defoliata latens N.E.Br. = Ruschia inconspicua
horridum Koutnik & Lavis = M. guerichianum latisepalum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = M. guerichianum
hospitale Dinter = Ruschia spinosa latum Haw. = Glottiphyllum longum
hutchinsonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Amphibolia laevis lawsonii L.Bolus = Antimima lawsonii
hypertrophicum Dinter laxipetalum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia laxipetala

leipoldtii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima leipoldtii longum Haw. var. declive Haw. = Glottiphyllum de-
lene N.E.Br. = Ruschia mollis pressum
leptarthron A.Berger = Psilocaulon leptarthron longum Haw. var. flaccidum Haw. = Glottiphyllum de-
pressum
lericheanum Dinter & Schwantes = Lithops karasmon-
tana subsp. karasmontana longum Haw. var. uncatum Haw. = Glottiphyllum longum
lerouxiae L.Bolus = Ruschia lerouxii loratum Haw. = Prenia pallens subsp. pallens
lesliei N.E.Br. = Lithops lesliei subsp. lesliei louiseae L.Bolus = M. aitonis
leucantherum L.Bolus = Antimima leucanthera lucidum Haw. = Glottiphyllum longum
leviculum N.E.Br. = Conophytum minimum luederitzii Engl. = Drosanthemum luederitzii
levynsiae L.Bolus = Antimima pumila lunatum Willd. = Oscularia lunata
liebendalense L.Bolus = M. stenandrum lupinum Haw. = Faucaria felina
limbatum N.E.Br. = Antimima limbata macowanii L.Bolus = Ruschia macowanii
lindequistii Engl. = Aridaria noctiflora subsp. nocti- macrophyllum L.Bolus = M. barklyi
flora macrostigma L.Bolus = M. guerichianum
linearifolium L.Bolus = M. longistylum magnipunctatum Haw. = Pleiospilos compactus subsp.
lineolatum Haw. = Ruschia lineolata canus
linguaeforme Haw. = Glottiphyllum depressum maleolens (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima maleolens
linguaeforme Haw. var. rufescens Haw., invalid name = mallesoniae L.Bolus = Esterhuysenia drepanophylla
Glottiphyllum depressum marianae L.Bolus = Ruschia marianae
linguiforme in sense of Haw., not of L. = Glottiphyllum maritimum L.Bolus, illegitimate name = Lampranthus
longum falciformis
linguiforme L. = Glottiphyllum linguiforme marlothii Pax = Brownanthus marlothii
linguiforme (L.) N.E.Br. var. scalpratum (Haw.) marmoratum N.E.Br. = Lithops marmorata
A.Berger = Glottiphyllum linguiforme maximum Haw. = Ruschia maxima
linguiforme L. var. adscendens (Haw.) A.Berger = Glotti- maxwellii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima maxwellii
phyllum longum
medium Haw. = Glottiphyllum longum
linguiforme L. var. angustum (Haw.) A.Berger, invalid
melanospermum Dinter, illegitimate name = Phyllo-
name = Glottiphyllum depressum
bolus melanospermus
linguiforme L. var. cultratum (Salm-Dyck) A.Berger =
mellei L.Bolus = Carpobrotus mellei
Glottiphyllum longum
mentiens A.Berger = Psilocaulon coriarium
linguiforme L. var. depressum (Haw.) A.Berger, invalid
name = Glottiphyllum longum micans L. = Drosanthemum micans
linguiforme L. var. fragrans (Salm-Dyck) A.Berger = Glotti- micranthon Haw., illegitimate name = Psilocaulon parvi-
phyllum depressum florum
linguiforme L. var. grandiflorum (Haw.) A.Berger = Glotti- microphyllum Haw. = Antimima microphylla
phyllum grandiflorum minimum Haw. = Conophytum minimum
linguiforme L. var. longum (Haw.) A.Berger = Glotti- minisculum N.E.Br. = Conophytum minusculum
phyllum longum subsp. minisculum
linguiforme L. var. obliquum (Willd.) A.Berger = Glotti- minutum Haw. = Conophytum minutum
phyllum longum
miserum L.Bolus = Ruschia misera
linguiforme L. var. pustulatum (Haw.) A.Berger = Glotti-
phyllum longum molle in sense of A.Berger, not of Aiton, illegitimate
name = Ruschia mollis
linguiforme L. var. uncatum (Haw.) A.Berger = Glotti-
phyllum longum montis-moltkei Dinter = Ebracteola montis-moltkei
longifolium L.Bolus = Astridia longifolia mucronatum Haw. = Antimima mucronata
longipapillosum Dinter = M. inachabense mucroniferum Haw. = Ruschia spinosa
longipes (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima longipes mucronulatum Dinter = Psilocaulon articulatum
longispinulum Haw. = Phyllobolus grossus muelleri L.Bolus = Ruschia muelleri
longispinulum Salm-Dyck = Phyllobolus grossus muirianum L.Bolus = Ruschia muiriana
longistylum DC. muirii L.Bolus = Carpobrotus muirii
M. cryocalyx L.Bolus (7) multiflorum Haw. = Ruschia multiflora
M. linearifolium L.Bolus (7)
Annual, biennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 120– multiflorum Haw. var. rubrum (Haw.) Haw. = Ruschia
1100 m. NC, WC imbricata
longum Haw. = Glottiphyllum longum munitum L.Bolus = Ruschia intricata

muricatum Haw. = Oscularia deltoides pallidum N.E.Br. = Conophytum ficiforme

musculinum Haw. = Chasmatophyllum musculinum pansifolium N.E.Br. = Amphibolia laevis
muticum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima mutica papulosum L.f. = Cleretum papulosum subsp. papulo-
namaquanum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Amphibolia rupis- sum
arcuatae paripetalum L.Bolus = Ruschia paripetala
namibense Marloth = Brownanthus namibensis parvibracteatum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Eberlanzia parvi-
neilsoniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = M. guerichianum bracteata
nevillei N.E.Br. = Conophytum obcordellum subsp. parviflorum in sense of Haw., not of Jacq. = Ruschia
obcordellum var. obcordellum parviflora
nitidum Haw. = Phyllobolus nitidus parviflorum Jacq. = Psilocaulon parviflorum
nobile Haw. = Pleiospilos compactus subsp. canus parvipapillatum L.Bolus = M. guerichianum
noctiflorum L. var. elatum Haw. = Aridaria noctiflora parvipetalum N.E.Br. = Conophytum obcordellum
subsp. noctiflora subsp. obcordellum var. obcordellum
noctiflorum L. var. fulvum (Haw.) Salm-Dyck = Ari- parvulum Schltr. = Cephalophyllum parvulum
daria noctiflora subsp. straminea parvum N.E.Br. = Antimima pusilla
noctiflorum L. var. noctiflorum = Aridaria noctiflora paucandrum L.Bolus = M. nodiflorum
subsp. noctiflora paulum (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus = M. aitonis
noctiflorum L. var. phoeniceum Haw., illegitimate name pauxillum N.E.Br. = Conophytum minimum
= Aridaria noctiflora subsp. noctiflora
paxianum Schltr. & Diels = Drosanthemum luederitzii
noctiflorum L. var. stramineum (Haw.) Haw. = Aridaria
pellanum N.E.Br. = Ruschia muricata
noctiflora subsp. straminea
pellitum Friedrich
nodiflorum L.
M. inornatum L.Bolus (7) Annual, biennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 30–
M. paucandrum L.Bolus (7) 350 m. N, NC
Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 20–1150 m. perfoliatum Mill. = Ruschia perfoliata
N, NC, WC perforatum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima perforata
nothum N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splen- perlatum Dinter = M. guerichianum
dens
perpusillum Haw. = Conophytum minimum
obconellum Haw. = Conophytum obcordellum subsp.
obcordellum var. obcordellum pfeilii Engl. = Prenia tetragona
obcordellum Haw. = Conophytum obcordellum subsp. phylicoides (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Ruschia phylicoides
obcordellum var. obcordellum pictum N.E.Br. = Conophytum minimum
obliquum Willd. = Glottiphyllum longum pillansii Kensit = Erepsia pillansii
obmetale N.E.Br. = Conophytum minimum piluliforme N.E.Br. = Conophytum piluliforme subsp.
obsubulatum Haw. = Cylindrophyllum obsubulatum piluliforme
octojuge L.Bolus = Octopoma octojuge piquetbergense L.Bolus = Oscularia piquetbergensis
octonarium L.Bolus = Enarganthe octonaria pisinnum N.E.Br. = Conophytum truncatum subsp.
viridicatum
oculatum N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus oculatus
placitum N.E.Br. = Conophytum ficiforme
odontocalyx Schltr. & Diels = Ruschia odontocalyx
plenifolium N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
odoratum L.Bolus = Hereroa odorata splendens
odoratum N.E.Br. = Conophytum ficiforme pomeridianum L.Bolus = M. stenandrum
olivaceum Schltr. = Phyllobolus tenuiflorus praepingue Haw. = Glottiphyllum cruciatum
optatum N.E.Br. = Pleiospilos compactus subsp. com- prismaticum Marloth ex Schwantes = Tanquana pris-
pactus matica
opticum Marloth = Lithops optica propinquum N.E.Br. = Antimima propinqua
paardebergense L.Bolus = Oscularia paardebergensis prostratum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima prostrata
pachyphyllum L.Bolus = Cerochlamys pachyphylla pseudoausanum Dinter, naked name = Prenia tetragona
pachypus L.Bolus = M. fastigiatum pseudorupicolum Dinter, naked name = Ruschia
pageae N.E.Br. = Conophytum pageae barnardii
pageanum in sense of L.Bolus (1929), not of L.Bolus pseudotruncatellum A.Berger = Lithops pseudotrun-
(1927), illegitimate name = Oscularia ornata catella subsp. pseudotruncatella
pallens Aiton = Prenia pallens subsp. pallens pulchellum Haw., insufficiently known
pallescens Haw. = Prenia pallens subsp. pallens pulverulentum Haw. = Drosanthemum pulverulentum
pallidum L.Bolus = Lampranthus dilutus pumilum L.Bolus = Antimima pumila

pumilum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br., illegitimate name = Anti- schlechteri (Schwantes) N.E.Br. = Antimima schlech-
mima pumila teri
punctulatum L.Bolus = Ruschia punctulata schlichtianum Sond. = Brownanthus arenosus
pungens A.Berger = Ruschia pungens schneiderianum A.Berger = Eberlanzia schneideriana
purpureoroseum L.Bolus = M. guerichianum schultzei Schltr. & Diels = Leipoldtia schultzei
purpureostylum L.Bolus = Acrodon purpureostylus scintillans Dinter = Phyllobolus oculatus
purpusii Schwantes = Conophytum truncatum subsp. scitulum N.E.Br. = Conophytum minimum
truncatum var. truncatum
secundum Thunb., naked name = Psilocaulon articula-
pusillum N.E.Br. = Conophytum minimum
tum
pustulatum Haw. = Glottiphyllum longum
sedentiflorum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = M. guerichianum
pustulatum Haw. var. lividum Salm-Dyck = Glotti-
phyllum longum sedoides Dinter & A.Berger = Eberlanzia sedoides
puttkamerianum Dinter & A.Berger = Hereroa putt- semicylindricum Haw. = Glottiphyllum difforme
kameriana separatum N.E.Br. = Zeuktophyllum calycinum
pygmaeum Haw. = Antimima pygmaea serratum L. = Circandra serrata
quaesitum N.E.Br. = Conophytum quaesitum subsp. sessile Thunb. = Ruschia sessilis
quaesitum var. quaesitum
sessiliflorum Aiton = Cleretum papulosum subsp. papu-
quarziticum Dinter = Antimima quarzitica losum
quinangulatum L.Bolus = M. guerichianum setosum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = M. guerichianum
recurvum Moench = Ruschia recurva signatum N.E.Br. = Conophytum minimum
reductum N.E.Br. in part N.E.Br. = Octopoma subglo- simile Sond. = Psilocaulon junceum
bosum
simile Sond. var. namaquense Sond. = Psilocaulon
reductum N.E.Br. in part N.E.Br., illegitimate name = junceum
Ruschia nana
simulans Marloth = Pleiospilos simulans
reflexum Haw. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splen-
sinuosum L.Bolus = Phyllobolus sinuosus
dens
sinus-redfordiani Dinter, naked name = Psilocaulon
relaxatum Willd. = Prenia pallens subsp. pallens
salicornioides
resurgens Kensit = Phyllobolus resurgens
sladenianum L.Bolus = Prenia sladeniana
rhodanthum L.Bolus = M. guerichianum
sobrinum N.E.Br. = Antimima sobrina
rhomboideum Salm-Dyck = Rhombophyllum rhom-
socium N.E.Br. = Argyroderma fissum
boideum
solidum L.Bolus = Antimima solida
rigidum Haw. = Ruschia rigida
sororium N.E.Br. = Pleiospilos compactus subsp. soro-
ringens L. var. β felinum L. = Faucaria felina
rius
roodiae N.E.Br. = Tanquana prismatica
spinescens Pax, naked name = Ruschia divaricata
roseolum N.E.Br. = Antimima roseola
spinosum L. = Ruschia spinosa
rostellum Haw. = Ruschia rostella
spinosum L. var. cradockense (Kuntze) A.Berger ex
rubrocinctum Haw. = Carpobrotus acinaciformis Range, naked name = Ruschia cradockensis
rubroroseum L.Bolus = M. guerichianum subsp. cradockensis
rubrum L.Bolus = Astridia rubra spinosum L. var. micranthum Pax = Ruschia spinosa
rufescens Haw. = Glottiphyllum depressum spinuliferum Haw. = Phyllobolus spinuliferus
rugulosum A.Berger ex Range, naked name = Eber- spinuliforme Harv. & Sond. = Phyllobolus spinuliferus
lanzia schneideriana splendens L. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splen-
rupis-arcuatae Dinter = Amphibolia rupis-arcuatae dens
ruschiorum Dinter & Schwantes = Lithops ruschiorum squamulosum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = M. guerichianum
salicornioides Pax = Psilocaulon salicornioides steenbergense L.Bolus = Oscularia steenbergensis
salmii Haw. = Glottiphyllum salmii stellans (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima hantamensis
salmoneum Haw. = Phyllobolus canaliculatus stenandrum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
M. annuum L.Bolus (7)
salmoneum Salm-Dyck = Phyllobolus canaliculatus M. liebendalense L.Bolus (7)
saxetanum N.E.Br. = Conophytum saxetanum M. pomeridianum L.Bolus (7)
Psilocaulon pomeridianum L.Bolus (7)
saxicolum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima saxicola
Annual, occ. perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt
scalpratum Haw., illegitimate name = Glottiphyllum 250–1450 m. FS, NC, WC
linguiforme
stenophyllum L.Bolus = Marlothistella stenophylla
schenckii Schinz = Brownanthus ciliatus subsp.
schenckii stipulaceum L. = Lampranthus stipulaceus

stokoei L.Bolus = Esterhuysenia stokoei umbellatum L. = Ruschia umbellata

stramineum Haw. = Aridaria noctiflora subsp. stra- umbelliflorum Jacq. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
minea splendens
striatum Haw. = Drosanthemum striatum uncatum Salm-Dyck = Glottiphyllum longum
stylosum N.E.Br. = Conophytum bilobum subsp. bilo- utile L.Bolus = Stoeberia utilis
bum
uviforme (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Conophytum uviforme subsp.
suaveolens L.Bolus, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus uviforme
lignescens
vaginatum Haw. = Ruschia vaginata
subalatum Haw. = Carpobrotus acinaciformis
vaginatum Haw. var. acutangulum A.Berger = Ruschia
subcompressum Haw. = Drosanthemum subcompres-
acutangula
sum
subnodosum A.Berger = Psilocaulon subnodosum vaginatum Haw. var. curtum (Haw.) A.Berger = Ruschia
curta
subrigidum L.Bolus = M. guerichianum
valens N.E.Br. = Ruschia glauca
subrisum N.E.Br. = Conophytum pageae
vallis-mariae Dinter & Schwantes = Lithops vallis-
subtereticaule L.Bolus = M. guerichianum
mariae
subtruncatum L.Bolus
Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 300–700 m. varians Haw. = Sceletium varians
WC variifolium N.E.Br. = Ruschia diversifolia
succulentum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Amphibolia succu- velutinum Dinter = Astridia velutina
lenta ventricosum L.Bolus = Antimima ventricosa
sulcatum Haw. = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splen- vernicolor L.Bolus = Oscularia vernicolor
dens
verruculatum L. = Scopelogena verruculata
superans L.Bolus = Oscularia superans
verruculosum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima verrucu-
suppositum L.Bolus = Zeuktophyllum suppositum losa
surrectum Haw. = Glottiphyllum surrectum violense L.Bolus = M. gariusanum
taurinum Haw. = Glottiphyllum depressum virgatum Haw. = Ruschia virgata
taylori N.E.Br. = Corpuscularia taylori viridiflorum Aiton = Phyllobolus viridiflorus
taylorianum Dinter & Schwantes = Conophytum tay- weigangianum Dinter = Leipoldtia weigangiana subsp.
lorianum subsp. taylorianum weigangiana
tenellum Haw. = Ruschia tenella wittebergense L.Bolus = Antimima wittebergensis
tenue Haw. = Psilocaulon parviflorum
tenuiflorum Jacq. = Phyllobolus tenuiflorus MESTOKLEMA N.E.Br. ex Glen 2405074
(1) Glen. 1981. Bothalia 13: 454.
teretifolium Haw. = Calamophyllum teretifolium (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
tetragonum Thunb. = Prenia tetragona ceae, F–Z: 168, 169.
thermarum L.Bolus = Oscularia thermarum albanicum N.E.Br. ex Glen
tigrinum Haw. = Faucaria tigrina Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt 450–860 m.
EC
tinctum L.Bolus = Meyerophytum meyeri
arboriforme (Burch.) N.E.Br. ex Glen
tortuosum L. = Sceletium tortuosum Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.25–0.5 m. Alt 1100–1450
trichosanthum A.Berger = Phyllobolus viridiflorus m. FS, NC
trichotomum Thunb. = Phyllobolus trichotomus copiosum N.E.Br. ex Glen
triquetrum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Antimima triquetra Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 800–1300 m.
NC
triticiforme L.Bolus = Ruschia cradockensis subsp.
triticiformis elatum N.E.Br. ex Glen
trothai Engl. = Psilocaulon salicornioides
EC
truncatellum Hook.f., not of Haw. = Lithops hookeri
illepidum N.E.Br. ex Glen
truncatellum in sense of Dinter, not of Haw. = Lithops Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.23–0.25 m. Alt 400–880 m.
pseudotruncatella subsp. pseudotruncatella EC
tuitum N.E.Br. on herbarium label, naked name = tuberosum (L.) N.E.Br. ex Glen
Ruschia intricata M. tuberosum (L.) N.E.Br. ex Glen var. macrorhizum (Haw.)
N.E.Br. ex Glen (1)
tumidulum Haw. = Ruschia tumidula
turbiniforme in sense of N.E.Br., not of Haw., misap- EC
plied name = Lithops hookeri tuberosum (L.) N.E.Br. ex Glen var. macrorhizum
turrigerum N.E.Br. = Conophytum turrigerum (Haw.) N.E.Br. ex Glen = M. tuberosum

MEYEROPHYTUM Schwantes 2405075 parvifolium (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley = M. dissitum

(1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 279. roseum L.Bolus
(2) Ihlenfeldt. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 540–700 m.
plants. Aizoaceae, F–Z: 170, 171. NC
globosum (L.Bolus) Ihlenf.
Conophyllum globosum L.Bolus (2) MONILARIA (Schwantes) 2405079
Monilaria globosa (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (2) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m, 0.13 m when in (1) Ihlenfeldt et al. 1978. Mitteilungen aus dem Institut für All-
flower. Alt 300–650 m. NC gemeine Botanik, Hamburg 16: 171–182.
meyeri (Schwantes) Schwantes (2) Ihlenfeldt. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent
Mesembryanthemum tinctum L.Bolus (2) plants. Aizoaceae, F–Z: 176–178.
M. meyeri (Schwantes) Schwantes var. holgatense L.Bolus (2) brevifolia L.Bolus = Dicrocaulon grandiflorum
M. tinctum (L.Bolus) Schwantes (2)
chrysoleuca (Schltr.) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 100–370 m. M. chrysoleuca (Schltr.) Schwantes var. polita (L.Bolus) Ihlenf. &
NC Jörg. (3)
meyeri (Schwantes) Schwantes var. holgatense L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 220–350 m.
= M. meyeri WC
microstigma (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Dicrocaulon chrysoleuca (Schltr.) Schwantes var. polita (L.Bolus)
microstigma Ihlenf. & Jörg. = M. chrysoleuca
primosii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Dicrocaulon microstigma globosa (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Meyerophytum globo-
sum
tinctum (L.Bolus) Schwantes = M. meyeri
microstigma L.Bolus = Dicrocaulon microstigma
MICROPTERUM Schwantes 2405076 moniliformis (Thunb.) Ihlenf. & Jörg.
papulosum (L.f.) Schwantes = Cleretum papulosum WC
subsp. papulosum
obconica Ihlenf. & Jörg.
papulosum (L.f.) Schwantes subsp. multiflorum Schwantes, Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1000–1200
naked name = Cleretum papulosum subsp. multi- m. NC
florum
pisiformis (Haw.) Schwantes
puberulum (Haw.) Schwantes = Mesembryanthemum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 220–350 m.
aitonis WC
sessiliflorum (Aiton) Schwantes = Cleretum papulo- scutata (L.Bolus) Schwantes subsp. obovata Ihlenf. &
sum subsp. papulosum Jörg.
sessiliflorum (Aiton) Schwantes var. album (Haw.) Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? NC
H.Jacobsen = Mesembryanthemum aitonis scutata (L.Bolus) Schwantes subsp. scutata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? NC
MITROPHYLLUM Schwantes 2405078
(1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: tt. 272, 274. MOSSIA N.E.Br. 2405080
(2) Poppendieck. 1976. Botanische Jahrbücher 97: 339–413.
(3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- (1) Smith & Hartzer. 1997. Taxon 46: 349, 350.
ceae, F–Z: 172–175. (2) Smith et al. 1997. Curtis’s Botanical Magazine 14: 16–22.
abbreviatum L.Bolus ceae, F–Z: 178, 179.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 400–950 m. intervallaris (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1100–3000
clivorum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes m. G, M, FS, L, EC
NC MUIRIA N.E.Br. 2405081
(1) Klak. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 243, 244.
crassifolium (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley = M. grande (2) Chesselet, Burgoyne & Hammer. Personal communication.
cuspidatum (L.Bolus) de Boer = M. grande hortenseae N.E.Br.
dissitum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes Gibbaeum hortenseae (N.E.Br.) Thiede & Klak (2)
Mesembryanthemum dissitum N.E.Br. (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 550–630 m.
M. parvifolium (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley (3) WC
NC NAMAQUANTHUS L.Bolus 2405082
grande N.E.Br. ceae, F–Z: 180.
M. crassifolium (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley (3)
M. cuspidatum (L.Bolus) de Boer (3) vanheerdei L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m, when in flower. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 700–900 m.
Alt 360–710 m. NC NC
mitratum (Marloth) Schwantes NAMIBIA (Schwantes) Schwantes 2405083
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 350–700 m. (1) Walgate. 1939. In Bolus, Notes on Mesembryanthemum and
NC allied genera, part 3: 171−188.
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Meyerophytum DICOTYLEDONS

(2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- NEOHENRICIA L.Bolus 2405086
ceae, F–Z: 180, 181.
(1) Hammer. 1994. Cactus and Succulent Journal (US) 66: 84−86.
cinerea (Marloth) Dinter & Schwantes (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
Juttadinteria longipetala L.Bolus (2) ceae, F–Z: 186.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? N sibbettii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
pomonae (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes ex Walgate Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 1120–1380
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? N m. FS, NC, EC
spiculata S.A.Hammer
NANANTHUS N.E.Br. 2405084 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 1400–1900
(2) Bolus. 1947. The Flowering Plants of Africa 26: tt. 1036, 1037.
m. EC
ceae, F–Z: 181–184. NYCTERANTHUS Neck. 2405151
aloides (Haw.) Schwantes abbreviatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Mesembryanthemum aloides Haw. (3) Phyllobolus abbreviatus
N. aloides (Haw.) Schwantes var. latus L.Bolus (3) acuminatus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
N. wilmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (3)
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
m. B, NW, NC albertensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus pumilus
aloides (Haw.) Schwantes var. latus L.Bolus = N.
aloides albicaulis (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
aloides (Haw.) Schwantes var. striatus (L.Bolus)
L.Bolus = N. vittatus anguineus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus oculatus
broomii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = N. vittatus
arcuatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
gerstneri (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Aridaria noctiflora subsp. noctiflora
m. FS, EC arenicolus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
margaritiferus L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt 900–1300 aureus (Thunb.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
m. N, B, NC Phyllobolus nitidus
pallens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ausanus (Dinter & A.Berger) Schwantes, illegitimate
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 950–1250 name = Prenia tetragona
m. NC bijliae (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
peersii L.Bolus = Deilanthe peersii Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
pole-evansii N.E.Br. blandus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1100–1750 Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
m. FS, EC brevicarpus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
transvaalensis (Rolfe) L.Bolus var. latus L.Bolus = N. Aridaria brevicarpa
vittatus brevifolius (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
transvaalensis (Rolfe) L.Bolus var. transvaalensis = N. Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
vittatus calycinus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
vittatus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes Aridaria noctiflora subsp. noctiflora
N. aloides (Haw.) Schwantes var. striatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (3)
N. broomii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (3) canaliculatus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
N. transvaalensis (Rolfe) L.Bolus var. latus L.Bolus (3) Phyllobolus canaliculatus
N. transvaalensis (Rolfe) L.Bolus var. transvaalensis (3)
carneus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.01 m. Alt? NW, FS, Phyllobolus spinuliferus
NC
caudatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
wilmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = N. aloides Phyllobolus caudatus
NELIA Schwantes 2405085 celans (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
(1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
ceae, F–Z: 184, 185. commutatus (A.Berger) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
meyeri Schwantes = N. pillansii Phyllobolus grossus
pillansii (N.E.Br.) Schwantes compactus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
N. meyeri Schwantes (1) Aridaria serotina
N. robusta Schwantes (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 100–350 m. congestus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
NC Phyllobolus congestus
robusta Schwantes = N. pillansii constrictus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
schlechteri Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 190–680 m. debilis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
NC Aridaria noctiflora subsp. noctiflora
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Namibia

deciduus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = latipetalus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus deciduus Phyllobolus latipetalus
decurvatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = laxipetalus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus decurvatus Phyllobolus grossus
defoliatus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = laxus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Aridaria noctiflora subsp. defoliata Phyllobolus decurvatus
dejagerae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = leptopetalus (L.Bolus) Friedrich = Phyllobolus splen-
Aridaria noctiflora subsp. straminea dens subsp. splendens
delus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = ligneus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus delus Phyllobolus melanospermus
dinteri (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = longisepalus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus melanospermus Aridaria noctiflora subsp. defoliata
dyeri (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = longispinulus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens Phyllobolus grossus
ebracteatus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. brevipetalus longitubus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
(L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus tenuiflorus
Phyllobolus trichotomus luteoalbus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
ebracteatus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. ebracteatus, ille- Prenia tetragona
gitimate name = Phyllobolus trichotomus macrosiphon (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
elongatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus tenuiflorus
Phyllobolus prasinus meridianus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
englishiae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Aridaria noctiflora subsp. defoliata
Prenia englishiae meyeri (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
esterhuyseniae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name Aridaria brevicarpa
= Aridaria noctiflora subsp. straminea muirii (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
flexuosus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Aridaria noctiflora subsp. defoliata
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens multiseriatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
floribundus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus prasinus
Aridaria noctiflora subsp. noctiflora mutans (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
fourcadei (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Prenia tetragona
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens noctiflorus (L.) Rothm., illegitimate name = Aridaria
fragilis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = noctiflora subsp. noctiflora
Phyllobolus oculatus nothus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
framesii (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
Phyllobolus spinuliferus obtusus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
fulvus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Aridaria Phyllobolus decurvatus
noctiflora subsp. straminea oculatus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
glanduliferus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus sinuosus odoratus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Hereroa odorata
globosus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Aridaria serotina oubergensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus pumilus
godmaniae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
ovalis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus sinuosus
Aridaria serotina
gracilis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = parvisepalus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Aridaria serotina Phyllobolus spinuliferus
gratiae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = paucandrus L.Bolus var. gracillima (L.Bolus)
Phyllobolus grossus Schwantes, illegitimate name = Aridaria serotina
grossus (Aiton) Schwantes, illegitimate name = paucandrus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. paucandrus, ille-
Phyllobolus grossus gitimate name = Aridaria serotina
herbertii (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = peersii (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus herbertii Phyllobolus tenuiflorus
horizontalis (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = pentagonus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. occidentalis
Aridaria noctiflora subsp. defoliata (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
inaequalis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. pentagonus
Phyllobolus nitidus pentagonus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. pentagonus, ille-
intricatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = gitimate name = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
Aridaria brevicarpa pentagonus
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Nycteranthus DICOTYLEDONS

platysepalus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = suffusus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus grossus Prenia tetragona
plenifolius (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = sulcatus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
pomonae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = tenuiflorus (Jacq.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus oculatus Phyllobolus tenuiflorus
prasinus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = tenuifolius (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. speciosa L.Bolus,
Phyllobolus prasinus illegitimate name = Aridaria serotina
primulinus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = tenuifolius (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. tenuifolius, illegit-
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens imate name = Aridaria serotina
pumilus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = tetragonus (Thunb.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
Phyllobolus pumilus Prenia tetragona
quartziticus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = tetramerus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. parviflorus
Phyllobolus quartziticus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyllo-
quaternus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = bolus trichotomus
Phyllobolus spinuliferus tetramerus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. tetramerus, illegit-
rabiei (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = imate name = Phyllobolus trichotomus
Phyllobolus rabiei trichotomus (Thunb.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
rabiesbergensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name Phyllobolus trichotomus
= Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens umbelliflorus (Jacq.) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
radicans (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
Prenia radicans varians (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
recurvus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus oculatus
Phyllobolus sinuosus vernalis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
rhodandrus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
Phyllobolus nitidus vespertinus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
roseus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Aridaria vespertina
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens viridiflorus (Aiton) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
salmoneus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus viridiflorus
Phyllobolus canaliculatus watermeyeri (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name =
saturatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Phyllobolus spinuliferus
Phyllobolus saturatus willowmorensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name
scintillans (Dinter) Schwantes, illegitimate name = = Phyllobolus grossus
OCTOPOMA N.E.Br. 2405087
serotinus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = (1) Hartmann. 1998. Bradleya 16: 44−91.
Aridaria serotina (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
sinuosus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = ceae, F–Z: 188–190.
Phyllobolus sinuosus abruptum (A.Berger) N.E.Br.
Mesembryanthemum abruptum A.Berger (1)
spinuliferus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Ruschia abrupta (A.Berger) G.D.Rowley (1)
Phyllobolus spinuliferus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 300–800 m.
splendens (L.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = WC
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens calycinum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Zeuktophyllum caly-
stramineus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = cinum
Aridaria noctiflora subsp. straminea conjunctum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = O. connatum
straminicolor (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = connatum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Phyllobolus sinuosus Mesembryanthemum connatum N.E.Br. (1)
O. conjunctum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
striatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Ruschia conjuncta L.Bolus (1)
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens Ruschia connata L.Bolus (1)
strictus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = NC, WC
Phyllobolus spinuliferus
inclusum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
subaequans (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Mesembryanthemum inclusum L.Bolus (1)
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. pentagonus Ruschia restituta G.D.Rowley (1)
subpatens (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt up to 1200
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. pentagonus m. NC
octojuge (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
subtruncatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name = Mesembryanthemum octojuge L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria noctiflora subsp. straminea Ruschia octojugis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Nycteranthus

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 190–560 m. OPHTHALMOPHYLLUM Dinter 2405090

WC & Schwantes
quadrisepalum (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann australe L.Bolus = Conophytum caroli
Ruschia quadrisepala L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 190–560 m. caroli (Lavis) Tischer = Conophytum caroli
WC dinteri Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen = Conophytum
rupigenum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus friedrichiae
Ruschia rupicola L.Bolus, illegitimate name (1) friedrichiae (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes = Cono-
Ruschia rupigena L.Bolus (1)
phytum friedrichiae
WC fulleri Lavis = Conophytum longum
subglobosum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus haramoepense L.Bolus = Conophytum marginatum
Mesembryanthemum reductum N.E.Br. in part (1) subsp. haramoepense
Ruschia subglobosa L.Bolus (1)
latum Tischer forma latum = Conophytum maughanii
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 650–1200 m. subsp. latum
NC
latum Tischer forma rubrum (Tischer) G.D.Rowley =
tetrasepalum (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Conophytum maughanii subsp. latum
Ruschia tetrasepala L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 200–270 m. littlewoodii L.Bolus = Conophytum devium subsp.
WC devium
longitubum L.Bolus = Conophytum longum
ODONTOPHORUS N.E.Br. 2405088 longum (N.E.Br.) Tischer = Conophytum longum
(1) Hartmann. 1976. Botanische Jahrbücher 97: 161–225. lydiae H.Jacobsen = Conophytum lydiae
(2) Hammer. 1993. Bradleya 11: 75−85.
(3) Hammer. 1995. Piante Grasse 15,4 Suppl.: 59−87.
maughanii (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Conophytum mau-
(4) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- ghanii subsp. maughanii
ceae, F–Z: 191, 192. noctiflorum L.Bolus = Conophytum maughanii subsp.
albus L.Bolus = O. nanus latum
angustifolius L.Bolus subsp. angustifolius praesectum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Conophytum prae-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt up to 1200 sectum
m. NC pubescens Tischer = Conophytum pubescens
angustifolius L.Bolus subsp. protoparcoides S.A.Ham- rufescens (N.E.Br.) Tischer = Conophytum maughanii
mer subsp. maughanii
schlechteri Schwantes = Conophytum longum
m. NC
schuldtii Schwantes = Conophytum maughanii subsp.
herrei L.Bolus = O. nanus
maughanii
marlothii N.E.Br.
spathulatum L.Bolus = Conophytum lydiae
NC subfenestratum (Schwantes) Tischer = Conophytum
subfenestratum
nanus L.Bolus
O. albus L.Bolus (1) triebneri Schwantes = Conophytum friedrichiae
O. herrei L.Bolus (1)
O. prumulinus L.Bolus (1)
vanheerdei L.Bolus = Conophytum friedrichiae
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 850–1200 verrucosum Lavis = Conophytum verrucosum
m. NC villetii L.Bolus = Conophytum concordans
prumulinus L.Bolus = O. nanus
OPOPHYTUM N.E.Br. 2405091
pusillus S.A.Hammer
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 1000–1200 ampliatum L.Bolus = Mesembryanthemum hyper-
m. NC trophicum
aquosum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Mesembryanthemum
OOPHYTUM N.E.Br. 2405089 hypertrophicum
(1) Ihlenfeldt. 1978. Botanische Jahrbücher 99: 303–328. australe L.Bolus = Mesembryanthemum hypertrophi-
(2) Ihlenfeldt. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent cum
plants. Aizoaceae, F–Z: 192, 193.
fastigiatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. = Mesembryanthemum
nanum (Schltr.) L.Bolus fastigiatum
m. WC ORTHOPTERUM L.Bolus 2405092
nordenstamii L.Bolus = O. oviforme (1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
ceae, F–Z: 195.
oviforme (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
O. nordenstamii L.Bolus (1) coegana L.Bolus
m. WC EC
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Octopoma DICOTYLEDONS

waltoniae L.Bolus falciforme Haw. = Lampranthus falciformis

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 300–830 m. falciformis (Haw.) H.E.K.Hartmann = Lampranthus
EC falciformis
guthriae (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
OSCULARIA Schwantes 2405093 Lampranthus guthrieae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (1)
(1) Hartmann. 1998. Bradleya 16: 44−91. Mesembryanthemum guthriae L.Bolus (1)
ceae, F–Z: 195–200. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt? WC
(3) Klak. 2001. Phylogeny and character evolution in the Lampran- lunata (Willd.) H.E.K.Hartmann
thus group (Aizoaceae–Ruschioideae). Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, Lampranthus lunatus (Willd.) N.E.Br. (1)
University of Cape Town. Mesembryanthemum lunatum Willd. (1)
alba (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 50–450 m.
Lampranthus albus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) WC
Mesembryanthemum album L.Bolus (1)
major (Weston) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’
WC
muricata (Haw.) Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen, illegitimate
caulescens (Mill.) Schwantes
Lampranthus deltoides (L.) Glen var. caulescens (Mill.) G.D.Row- name = O. deltoides
ley (1) ornata (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum caulescens Mill. (1) Lampranthus ornatus L.Bolus (1)
Mesembryanthemum deltoides L. var. simplex DC. (1) Mesembryanthemum pageanum in sense of L.Bolus (1929), not of
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300–1200 m. L.Bolus (1927), illegitimate name (1)
WC
cedarbergensis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Lampranthus cedarbergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) paardebergensis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum cedarbergense L.Bolus (1) Lampranthus paardebergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 2000 Mesembryanthemum paardebergense L.Bolus (1)
m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 180–340 m.
WC
compressa (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Lampranthus compressus L.Bolus (1) pedunculata (N.E.Br.) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.18 m. Alt 300–2000 Mesembryanthemum deltoides L. var. pedunculatum N.E.Br. (1)
O. deltoides (L.) Schwantes var. pedunculata (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (1)
m. WC
comptonii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Lampranthus comptonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. forma roseus (L.Bolus) piquetbergensis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
G.D.Rowley (1) Lampranthus piquetbergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
Lampranthus comptonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. var. angustifolius Mesembryanthemum piquetbergense L.Bolus (1)
(L.Bolus) L.Bolus forma angustifolius (3) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 300–980 m.
Lampranthus comptonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. var. angustifolius forma WC
roseus (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley (1)
Lampranthus comptonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. var. comptonii (1) prasina (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Lampranthus comptonii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. var. roseus (L.Bolus) Lampranthus prasinus L.Bolus (1)
L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 350–550 m.
Mesembryanthemum comptonii L.Bolus (1) WC
Mesembryanthemum comptonii L.Bolus var. roseum L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.23 m. Alt 400–1000 primiverna (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300–960 m.
WC
copiosa (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’ steenbergensis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Lampranthus steenbergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
deltata (Mill.) Schwantes, illegitimate name = O. del- Mesembryanthemum steenbergense L.Bolus (1)
toides Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 30–350 m.
deltoides (L.) Schwantes WC
Lampranthus deltoides (L.) Glen (1) superans (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum deltoides L. var. muricatum A.Berger (1) Lampranthus superans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
Mesembryanthemum muricatum Haw. (1) Mesembryanthemum superans L.Bolus (1)
O. deltata (Mill.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
O. deltoides (L.) Schwantes var. muricata (A.Berger) Schwantes (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 200–1016
O. muricata (Haw.) Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen, illegitimate name (1) m. WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 450–1250 m. thermarum (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
WC Lampranthus thermarum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
Mesembryanthemum thermarum L.Bolus (1)
deltoides (L.) Schwantes var. muricata (A.Berger)
Schwantes = O. deltoides Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 100–420 m.
WC
deltoides (L.) Schwantes var. pedunculata (N.E.Br.)
Schwantes = O. pedunculata vernicolor (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Lampranthus vernicolor (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
excedens (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann Mesembryanthemum vernicolor L.Bolus (1)
Lampranthus excedens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 300–900 m.
Mesembryanthemum excedens L.Bolus (1)
WC
WC vredenburgensis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Orthopterum

Lampranthus vredenburgensis L.Bolus (1) spinuliferus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.24 m. Alt 20–260 m. = Phyllobolus spinuliferus
WC splendens (L.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name =
OTTOSONDERIA L.Bolus 2405094 Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
(1) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74. sulcatus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name =
(2) Chesselet et al. 2000. Aloe 37: 88–90. Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
ceae, F–Z: 200.
vanrensburgii (L.Bolus) Rappa & Camarrone = Prenia
vanrensburgii
monticola (Sond.) L.Bolus
Ruschia monticola (Sond.) G.D.Rowley (1) viridiflorus (Aiton) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name
Ruschia ottosonderi G.D.Rowley (1) = Phyllobolus viridiflorus
NC, WC PERATETRACOILANTHUS Rappa 2405188
obtusa L.Bolus
& Camarrone
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 200–450 m. defoliatus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name =
NC, WC Aridaria noctiflora subsp. defoliata
noctiflorus (L.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name =
PEERSIA L.Bolus 2405153 Aridaria noctiflora subsp. noctiflora
ceae, F–Z: 201. tetragonus (Thunb.) Rappa & Camarrone = Prenia tetra-
frithii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus gona
Rhinephyllum frithii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) junceus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone = Psilocaulon jun-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 600–950 m. ceum
WC, EC parviflorus (Jacq.) Rappa & Camarrone = Psilocaulon
macradenia (L.Bolus) L.Bolus parviflorum
Rhinephyllum macradenium (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 600–1200 PHEROLOBUS N.E.Br. 2405095
m. WC
maughanii N.E.Br. var. maughanii = Dorotheanthus
vanheerdei (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann maughanii
Rhinephyllum vanheerdei L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 1020–1170 maughanii N.E.Br. var. stayneri L.Bolus = Dorothe-
m. NC, WC anthus maughanii
PHYLLOBOLUS N.E.Br. 2405152

PENTACOILANTHUS Rappa & 2405187 (1) Gerbaulet. 1997. Botanische Jahrbücher 119: 145–211.
Camarrone (2) Gerbaulet. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent
crassicaulis (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name
= Sceletium crassicaule abbreviatus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet
Aridaria abbreviata L.Bolus (1)
expansus (L.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name = Nycteranthus abbreviatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Sceletium expansum Sphalmanthus abbreviatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
splendens (L.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name = Perennial. Succulent, geophyte. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens 180–350 m. WC
tortuosus (L.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name = amabilis Gerbaulet & Struck
Sceletium tortuosum Perennial. Succulent, geophyte. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt
1200–1600 m. NC
PERAPENTACOILANTHUS Rappa 2405186 canaliculatus (Haw.) Bittrich
& Camarrone Aridaria canaliculata (Haw.) Friedrich (1)
Mesembryanthemum canaliculatum Haw. (1)
acuminatus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name = Mesembryanthemum salmoneum Haw. (1)
Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens Mesembryanthemum salmoneum Salm-Dyck (1)
Nycteranthus canaliculatus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
brevifolius (L.Bolus) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name Nycteranthus salmoneus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
= Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens Sphalmanthus calycinus L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus canaliculatus (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1)
delus (L.Bolus) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name = Sphalmanthus salmoneus (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1)
Phyllobolus delus Perennial. Succulent, geophyte. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt
granulicaulis (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name 40–370 m. WC, EC
= Psilocaulon granulicaule caudatus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet
grossus (Aiton) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name = Aridaria caudata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
Phyllobolus grossus Mesembryanthemum caudatum L.Bolus (1)
Nycteranthus caudatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
longispinulus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name Sphalmanthus caudatus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (1)
= Phyllobolus grossus Perennial. Succulent, geophyte. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt
scintillans (Dinter) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name = 500–980 m. WC
Phyllobolus oculatus chrysophthalmus Gerbaulet & Struck
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Oscularia DICOTYLEDONS

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 180–350 m. Sphalmanthus leipoldtii L.Bolus (1)

WC Sphalmanthus longispinulus (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1)
Sphalmanthus platysepalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
congestus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet Sphalmanthus subpetiolatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria congesta L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus willowmorensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Nycteranthus congestus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Perennial. Succulent, geophyte. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt
Sphalmanthus congestus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
300–1100 m. WC, EC
WC herbertii (N.E.Br.) Gerbaulet
Aridaria herbertii (N.E.Br.) Friedrich (1)
deciduus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet Nycteranthus herbertii (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria decidua L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus herbertii N.E.Br. (1)
Nycteranthus deciduus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Sphalmanthus humilis L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus deciduus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent, geophyte. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 800–1200 m. 200–350 m. WC
WC
latipetalus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet
decurvatus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet Aridaria latipetala L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria decurvata L.Bolus (1) Nycteranthus latipetalus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria laxa L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus latipetalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria obtusa L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 920–1150
Nycteranthus decurvatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus laxus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
m. NC
Nycteranthus obtusus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) lesliei N.E.Br. = P. resurgens
Sphalmanthus decurvatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Sphalmanthus laxus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (1) lignescens (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet
Sphalmanthus obtusus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Cryophytum suaveolens (L.Bolus) J.W.Ingram (1)
Mesembryanthemum suaveolens L.Bolus, illegitimate name (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt up to 1200 m. Sphalmanthus lignescens L.Bolus (1)
NC Sphalmanthus suaveolens (L.Bolus) H.Jacobsen (2)
delus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 950–1650 m.
Aridaria dela (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) N, NC
Mesembryanthemum delum L.Bolus (1)
Nycteranthus delus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) melanospermus (Dinter & Schwantes) Gerbaulet
Perapentacoilanthus delus (L.Bolus) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid Aridaria dinteri L.Bolus, illegitimate name (1)
name (1) Aridaria lignea L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus delus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Mesembryanthemum melanospermum Dinter, illegitimate name (1)
Sphalmanthus hallii L.Bolus (1) Nycteranthus dinteri (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Sphalmanthus stayneri L.Bolus (1) Nycteranthus ligneus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Sphalmanthus dinteri (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 200–1300 m. Sphalmanthus ligneus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
NC, WC Sphalmanthus melanospermus Dinter & Schwantes (1)
digitatus (Aiton) Gerbaulet subsp. digitatus = Dacty- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 10–1150 m.
lopsis digitata N, NC
digitatus (Aiton) Gerbaulet subsp. littlewoodii (L.Bolus) nitidus (Haw.) Gerbaulet
Gerbaulet = Dactylopsis littlewoodii Aridaria aurea (Thunb.) L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria inaequalis L.Bolus (1)
gariepensis Gerbaulet & Struck Aridaria nitida (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt 190–1100 m. NC Aridaria rhodandra L.Bolus (1)
Drosanthemum nitidum (Haw.) Schwantes (1)
grossus (Aiton) Gerbaulet Mesembryanthemum auratum Sond. (1)
Aridaria gratiae L.Bolus (1) Mesembryanthemum aureum Thunb., illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria grossa (Aiton) Friedrich (1) Mesembryanthemum nitidum Haw. (1)
Aridaria laxipetala L.Bolus (1) Nycteranthus aureus (Thunb.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria longispinula (Haw.) L.Bolus (1) Nycteranthus inaequalis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria platysepala L.Bolus (1) Nycteranthus rhodandrus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria subpetiolata L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus auratus (Sond.) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria willowmorensis L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus littlewoodii L.Bolus (1)
Mesembryanthemum commutatum A.Berger (1) Sphalmanthus nitidus (Haw.) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Mesembryanthemum grossum Aiton (1) Sphalmanthus rhodandrus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Mesembryanthemum longispinulum Haw. (1)
Mesembryanthemum longispinulum Salm-Dyck (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 300–1600 m.
Nycteranthus commutatus (A.Berger) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) NC, WC
Nycteranthus gratiae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) noctiflorus (L.) Bittrich = Aridaria noctiflora subsp.
Nycteranthus grossus (Aiton) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus laxipetalus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) noctiflora
Nycteranthus longispinulus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) oculatus (N.E.Br.) Gerbaulet
Nycteranthus platysepalus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Amoebophyllum rangei N.E.Br. (1)
Nycteranthus willowmorensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Aridaria anguinea L.Bolus (1)
Perapentacoilanthus grossus (Aiton) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid Aridaria arenicola L.Bolus (1)
name (1) Aridaria fragilis (N.E.Br.) Friedrich (1)
Perapentacoilanthus longispinulus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid Aridaria oculata (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus (1)
name (1) Aridaria pomonae L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus commutatus (A.Berger) N.E.Br. (1) Aridaria rangei (N.E.Br.) Friedrich (1)
Sphalmanthus gratiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Aridaria scintillans (Dinter) Friedrich (1)
Sphalmanthus grossus (Aiton) N.E.Br. (1) Aridaria varians L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus gydouwensis L.Bolus (1) Mesembryanthemum crystallino-papillosum Bolus ex Fedde &
Sphalmanthus laxipetalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) J.Schust. (1)
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Phyllobolus

Mesembryanthemum oculatum N.E.Br. (1) roseus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet

Mesembryanthemum scintillans Dinter (1) Amoebophyllum angustum N.E.Br., illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus anguineus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Amoebophyllum roseum L.Bolus (1)
Nycteranthus arenicolus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Sphalmanthus vanheerdei L.Bolus (1)
Nycteranthus fragilis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 1 m. Alt up to 1200 m.
Nycteranthus oculatus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus pomonae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) NC
Nycteranthus scintillans (Dinter) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) saturatus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet
Nycteranthus varians (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Aridaria saturata L.Bolus (1)
Perapentacoilanthus scintillans (Dinter) Rappa & Camarrone, Nycteranthus saturatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
invalid name (1) Sphalmanthus acocksii L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus anguineus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Sphalmanthus baylissii L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus arenicolus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Sphalmanthus saturatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Sphalmanthus fragilis N.E.Br. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 30–1000 m.
Sphalmanthus longipapillatus L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus oculatus (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (1) NC, WC
Sphalmanthus pomonae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) sinuosus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet
Sphalmanthus scintillans (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes (1) Aridaria glandulifera L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus varians (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (2) Aridaria godmaniae L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent, geophyte. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt Aridaria recurva L.Bolus (1)
10–1200 m. N, NC Aridaria straminea L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria straminicolor L.Bolus (1)
pallens (Aiton) Bittrich = Prenia pallens subsp. pallens Mesembryanthemum sinuosum L.Bolus (1)
pearsonii N.E.Br., invalid name = P. resurgens Nycteranthus glanduliferus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus godmaniae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
prasinus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet Nycteranthus recurvus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria elongata L.Bolus (1) Nycteranthus sinuosus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria multiseriata L.Bolus (1) Nycteranthus straminicolor (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria prasina L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus glanduliferus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Nycteranthus elongatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Sphalmanthus godmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Nycteranthus multiseriatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name Sphalmanthus praecox L.Bolus (1)
(1) Sphalmanthus recurvus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Nycteranthus prasinus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Sphalmanthus sinuosus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Sphalmanthus crassus L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus straminicolor (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Sphalmanthus herrei L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent, geophyte. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt up
Sphalmanthus prasinus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
to 1200 m. NC
Perennial. Succulent, geophyte. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt
up to 1200 m. NC spinuliferus (Haw.) Gerbaulet
Aridaria brevisepala L.Bolus (1)
pubicalyx N.E.Br. = P. resurgens Aridaria framesii L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria gibbosa L.Bolus, illegitimate name (1)
pumilus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet Aridaria parvisepala L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria albertensis L.Bolus (1) Aridaria quaterna L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria oubergensis L.Bolus (1) Aridaria spinulifera (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1)
Aridaria pumila L.Bolus (1) Aridaria stricta L.Bolus (1)
Nycteranthus albertensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Aridaria watermeyeri L.Bolus (1)
Nycteranthus oubergensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Mesembryanthemum carneum Haw. (1)
Nycteranthus pumilus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Mesembryanthemum spinuliferum Haw. (1)
Sphalmanthus albertensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Mesembryanthemum spinuliforme Harv. & Sond. (1)
Sphalmanthus oubergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Nycteranthus carneus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Sphalmanthus pumilus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Nycteranthus framesii (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Perennial. Succulent, geophyte. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt Nycteranthus parvisepalus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
300–1000 m. NC, WC Nycteranthus quaternus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus spinuliferus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
quartziticus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet Nycteranthus strictus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria quartzitica L.Bolus (1) Nycteranthus watermeyeri (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus quartziticus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Perapentacoilanthus spinuliferus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid
Sphalmanthus quarziticus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) name (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 100–350 m. Sphalmanthus brevisepalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. brevisepalus, invalid
NC, WC name (1)
Sphalmanthus carneus (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1)
rabiei (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet Sphalmanthus framesii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria rabiei L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus quarternus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Nycteranthus rabiei (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Sphalmanthus rejuvenalis L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus rabiei (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (1) Sphalmanthus spinuliferus (Haw.) L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 1100–1450 Sphalmanthus strictus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
m. FS Sphalmanthus watermeyeri (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
resurgens (Kensit) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 10–650 m.
Aridaria resurgens (Kensit) L.Bolus (1) NC, WC
Mesembryanthemum resurgens Kensit (1) splendens (L.) Gerbaulet subsp. pentagonus (L.Bolus)
P. lesliei N.E.Br. (1)
P. pearsonii N.E.Br., invalid name (1)
Gerbaulet
Aridaria pentagona L.Bolus (1)
P. publicalyx N.E.Br. (1)
Aridaria pentagona L.Bolus var. occidentalis L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus micans L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria subaequans L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus resurgens (Kensit) L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria subpatens L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent, geophyte. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt Nycteranthus pentagonus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. occidentalis
500–1200 m. NC, WC (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Phyllobolus DICOTYLEDONS

Nycteranthus pentagonus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. pentagonus, Perapentacoilanthus splendens (L.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid
illegitimate name (1) name (1)
Nycteranthus subaequans (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Perapentacoilanthus sulcatus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid
Nycteranthus subpatens (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) name (1)
Sphalmanthus pentagonus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. occidentalis Sphalmanthus acuminatus (Haw.) L.Bolus (1)
(L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Sphalmanthus albicaulis (Haw.) L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus pentagonus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. pentagonus, Sphalmanthus bijliae (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus (1)
invalid name (1) Sphalmanthus blandus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Sphalmanthus subaequans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Sphalmanthus celans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Sphalmanthus subpatens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Sphalmanthus constrictus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 980–1500 m. Sphalmanthus dyeri (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
FS, NC, WC, EC Sphalmanthus flexuosus (Haw.) L.Bolus (1)
Sphalmanthus fourcadei (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
splendens (L.) Gerbaulet subsp. splendens Sphalmanthus leptopetalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria acuminata (Haw.) Schwantes (1) Sphalmanthus nothus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (2)
Aridaria albicaulis (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1) Sphalmanthus plenifolius (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria bijliae N.E.Br. (1) Sphalmanthus primulinus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria blanda L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus rabiesbergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria brevifolia L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus reflexus (Haw.) L.Bolus (2)
Aridaria celans L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus roseus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria constricta L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus splendens (L.) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria dyeri L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus striatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria fastigiata (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Sphalmanthus sulcatus (Haw.) L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria flexuosa (Haw.) Schwantes (1) Sphalmanthus umbelliflorus (Jacq.) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria fourcadei L.Bolus (1) Sphalmanthus vernalis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Aridaria leptopetala L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 10–890 m.
Aridaria nocta (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (1) WC, EC
Aridaria plenifolia (N.E.Br.) Stearn (1)
Aridaria primulina L.Bolus (1) suffruticosus (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet
Aridaria rabiesbergensis L.Bolus (1) Cryophytum suffruticosum L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria reflexa (Haw.) N.E.Br. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 200–350 m.
Aridaria rosea L.Bolus (1) WC
Aridaria splendens (L.) Schwantes (1)
Aridaria striata L.Bolus (1) tenuiflorus (Jacq.) Gerbaulet
Aridaria sulcata (Haw.) Schwantes (1) Aridaria longituba L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria umbelliflora (Jacq.) Schwantes (1) Aridaria macrosiphon L.Bolus (1)
Aridaria vernalis L.Bolus (1) Aridaria peersii L.Bolus (1)
Mesembryanthemum acuminatum Haw. (1) Mesembryanthemum olivaceum Schltr. (1)
Mesembryanthemum albicaule Haw. (1) Mesembryanthemum tenuiflorum Jacq. (1)
Mesembryanthemum albicaule Salm-Dyck (1) Nycteranthus longitubus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Mesembryanthemum fastigiatum Haw., illegitimate name (1) Nycteranthus macrosiphon (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Mesembryanthemum fastigiatum Haw. var. reflexum (Haw.) Haw. (1) Nycteranthus peersii (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Mesembryanthemum fastigiatum Salm-Dyck (1) Nycteranthus tenuiflorus (Jacq.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Mesembryanthemum flexuosum Haw. (1) Prenia olivacea (Schltr.) H.Jacobsen (1)
Mesembryanthemum flexuosum Salm-Dyck (1) Sphalmanthus longitubus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Mesembryanthemum nothum N.E.Br. (1) Sphalmanthus macrosiphon (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Mesembryanthemum plenifolium N.E.Br. (1) Sphalmanthus nanus L.Bolus (1)
Mesembryanthemum reflexum Haw. (1) Sphalmanthus olivaceus (Schltr. & A.Berger) L.Bolus (2)
Mesembryanthemum splendens L. (1) Sphalmanthus tenuiflorus (Jacq.) N.E.Br. (1)
Mesembryanthemum sulcatum Haw. (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 180–350 m.
Mesembryanthemum umbelliflorum Jacq. (1) WC
Nycteranthus acuminatus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus albicaulis (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) tortuosus (L.) Bittrich = Sceletium tortuosum
Nycteranthus bijliae (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus blandus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
trichotomus (Thunb.) Gerbaulet
Aridaria ebracteata N.E.Br. (1)
Nycteranthus brevifolius (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria ebracteata N.E.Br. var. brevipetala L.Bolus (1)
Nycteranthus celans (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria tetramera L.Bolus var. parviflora L.Bolus (1)
Nycteranthus constrictus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria tetramera L.Bolus var. tetramera (1)
Nycteranthus dyeri (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Aridaria trichotoma (Thunb.) L.Bolus (1)
Nycteranthus flexuosus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Dicrocaulon trichotomum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. (1)
Nycteranthus fourcadei (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Mesembryanthemum trichotomum Thunb. (1)
Nycteranthus leptopetalus (L.Bolus) Friedrich (1)
Nycteranthus ebracteatus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. brevipetalus
Nycteranthus nothus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
(L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus plenifolius (N.E.Br.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus ebracteatus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. ebracteatus,
Nycteranthus primulinus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus rabiesbergensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate
Nycteranthus tetramerus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. parviflorus
name (1)
(L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus roseus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus tetramerus (L.Bolus) Schwantes var. tetramerus, ille-
Nycteranthus splendens (L.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
gitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus striatus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus trichotomus (Thunb.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus sulcatus (Haw.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Sphalmanthus tetramerus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. parviflorus
Nycteranthus umbelliflorus (Jacq.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
(L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Nycteranthus vernalis (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Sphalmanthus tetramerus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. tetramerus, invalid
Pentacoilanthus splendens (L.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name (1)
name (1)
Perapentacoilanthus acuminatus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid
Sphalmanthus trichotomus (Thunb.) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
name (1)
Perapentacoilanthus brevifolius (L.Bolus) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 20–980 m.
name (1) NC, WC
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Phyllobolus

viridiflorus (Aiton) Gerbaulet Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 600–1700

Aridaria trichosantha (A.Berger) N.E.Br. (1) m. NC, WC, EC
Aridaria viridiflora (Aiton) L.Bolus (1)
Mesembryanthemum trichosanthum A.Berger (1) compactus (Aiton) Schwantes subsp. compactus
Mesembryanthemum viridiflorum Aiton (1) Mesembryanthemum compactum Aiton (4)
Nycteranthus viridiflorus (Aiton) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) Mesembryanthemum optatum N.E.Br. (5)
Perapentacoilanthus viridiflorus (Aiton) Rappa & Camarrone, P. longibracteatus L.Bolus (4)
invalid name (1) P. optatus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (4)
Sphalmanthus viridiflorus (Aiton) N.E.Br. (1) Punctillaria compacta (Aiton) N.E.Br. (4)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 300–650 m. Punctillaria optata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (4)
m. WC
PLATYTHYRA N.E.Br. 2405096 compactus (Aiton) Schwantes subsp. fergusoniae
(L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede
haeckeliana (A.Berger) N.E.Br. = Aptenia haeckeliana P. fergusoniae L.Bolus (4)
pallens (Aiton) L.Bolus = Prenia pallens subsp. pal- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 800–1000
lens m. WC
relaxata (Willd.) Schwantes = Prenia pallens subsp. compactus (Aiton) Schwantes subsp. minor (L.Bolus)
pallens H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede
P. minor L.Bolus (4)
PLEIOSPILOS N.E.Br. 2405097 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 440–960 m.
(3) Glen. 1983. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: tt. 1864, 1865B. compactus (Aiton) Schwantes subsp. sororius (N.E.Br.)
(4) Hartmann & Liede. 1986. Botanische Jahrbücher 106: 433–485. H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede
(5) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Mesembryanthemum sororium N.E.Br. (5)
Aizoaceae, F–Z: 218–221. P. dimidiatus L.Bolus (4)
P. sororius (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (4)
archeri L.Bolus = Tanquana archeri Punctillaria sororia (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. (4)
barbarae Karrer = P. bolusii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 750–1000
beaufortensis L.Bolus = P. bolusii m. WC
bolusii (Hook.f.) N.E.Br. dekenahi (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = P. compactus subsp.
Mesembryanthemum bolusii Hook.f. (4) canus
P. barbarae Karrer (4) dimidiatus L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. sororius
P. beaufortensis L.Bolus (4)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 750–1100 fergusoniae L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. fergusoni-
m. WC, EC ae
borealis L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus framesii L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus
brevisepalus L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus grandiflorus L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus
canus (Haw.) L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus hilmarii L.Bolus = Tanquana hilmarii
clavatus L.Bolus = Tanquana archeri kingiae L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus
compactus (Aiton) Schwantes subsp. canus (Haw.) latifolius L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus
H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede latipetalus L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus
Mesembryanthemum canum Haw. (4)
Mesembryanthemum magnipunctatum Haw. (4) leipoldtii L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus
Mesembryanthemum nobile Haw. (5) loganii L.Bolus = Tanquana archeri
P. borealis L.Bolus (4)
P. brevisepalus L.Bolus (4) longibracteatus L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. com-
P. canus (Haw.) L.Bolus (4) pactus
P. dekenahi (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (4) longisepalus L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus
P. framesii L.Bolus (4)
P. grandiflorus L.Bolus (4) magnipunctatus (Haw.) Schwantes = P. compactus
P. kingiae L.Bolus (4) subsp. canus
P. latifolius L.Bolus (4)
P. latipetalus L.Bolus (4) magnipunctatus (Haw.) Schwantes var. inaequalis
P. leipoldtii L.Bolus (4) L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus
P. longisepalus L.Bolus (4)
P. magnipunctatus (Haw.) Schwantes (4)
magnipunctatus (Haw.) Schwantes var. sesquiuncialis
P. magnipunctatus (Haw.) Schwantes var. inaequalis L.Bolus (4) L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus
P. magnipunctatus (Haw.) Schwantes var. sesquiuncialis L.Bolus minor L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. minor
(4)
P. nobile (Haw.) Schwantes (4) nelii Schwantes
P. peersii L.Bolus (4) P. pedunculatus L.Bolus (4)
P. rouxii L.Bolus (4) P. tricolor N.E.Br. (4)
P. sesquiuncialis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (4) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 870–1250
P. willowmorensis L.Bolus (4) m. WC, EC
Punctillaria cana L.Bolus (4)
Punctillaria dekenahi N.E.Br. (4) nobile (Haw.) Schwantes = P. compactus subsp. canus
Punctillaria magnipunctata (Haw.) N.E.Br. (4) optatus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = P. compactus subsp.
Punctillaria sesquiuncialis N.E.Br. (4)
compactus
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Phyllobolus DICOTYLEDONS

pedunculatus L.Bolus = P. nelii Platythyra pallens (Aiton) L.Bolus (1)

Platythyra relaxata (Willd.) Schwantes (1)
peersii L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus P. relaxata (Willd.) N.E.Br. (1)
prismaticus (Schwantes) Schwantes = Tanquana pris- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 10–950 m.
matica WC
roodiae (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Tanquana prismatica radicans (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet
Aridaria radicans L.Bolus (1)
rouxii L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus Nycteranthus radicans (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
sesquiuncialis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = P. compactus Sphalmanthus radicans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
subsp. canus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 950–1250
simulans (Marloth) N.E.Br. m. EC
Mesembryanthemum simulans Marloth (4) relaxata (Willd.) N.E.Br. = P. pallens subsp. pallens
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 370–1000 sladeniana (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
m. EC Mesembryanthemum sladenianum L.Bolus (1)
sororius (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = P. compactus subsp. Synaptophyllum sladenianum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (1)
sororius Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 190–1050 m.
N, NC
tricolor N.E.Br. = P. nelii
tetragona (Thunb.) Gerbaulet
willowmorensis L.Bolus = P. compactus subsp. canus Aridaria ausana (Dinter & A.Berger) Dinter & Schwantes (1)
Aridaria luteoalba L.Bolus (1)
POLYMITA N.E.Br. 2405098 Aridaria mutans L.Bolus (1)
(1) Hartmann. 1996. Bradleya 14: 29–56. Aridaria suffusa L.Bolus (1)
(2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- Aridaria tetragona (Thunb.) L.Bolus (1)
ceae, F–Z: 223. Mesembryanthemum ausanum Dinter & A.Berger (1)
Mesembryanthemum pfeilii Engl. (1)
albiflora (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum pseudoausanum Dinter, naked name (1)
P. diutina (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) Mesembryanthemum tetragonum Thunb. (1)
P. pearsonii N.E.Br., naked name (1) Nycteranthus ausanus (Dinter & A.Berger) Schwantes, illegitimate
Ruschia albiflora L.Bolus (1) name (1)
Ruschia diutina L.Bolus (1) Nycteranthus luteoalbus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 670–1340 Nycteranthus mutans (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
m. NC Nycteranthus suffusus (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
Nycteranthus tetragonus (Thunb.) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1)
diutina (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = P. albiflora Peratetracoilanthus tetragonus (Thunb.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid
pearsonii N.E.Br., naked name = P. albiflora name (1)
Psilocaulon pfeilii (Engl.) Schwantes (1)
steenbokensis H.E.K.Hartmann Sphalmanthus suffusus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 750– Sphalmanthus tetragonus (Thunb.) L.Bolus, invalid name (1)
1050 m. NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 350–1300 m.
N, FS, NC, WC
PRENIA N.E.Br. 2405099
vanrensburgii L.Bolus
(1) Gerbaulet. 1996. Botanische Jahrbücher 118: 25–40. Perapentacoilanthus vanrensburgii (L.Bolus) Rappa & Camarrone
(2) Gerbaulet. 1997. Botanische Jahrbücher 119: 145–211. (1)
plants. Aizoaceae, F–Z: 224–227. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 10–100 m.
WC
englishiae (L.Bolus) Gerbaulet
Aridaria englishiae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (1)
Mesembryanthemum englishiae L.Bolus (1)
PREPODESMA N.E.Br. 2405210
Nycteranthus englishiae (L.Bolus) Schwantes, illegitimate name (1) (1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants.
Sphalmanthus englishiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name (1) Aizoaceae, F–Z: 227.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 250–750 m. orpenii (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br.
WC Aloinopsis orpenii (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus (1)
Rabiea tersa N.E.Br. (1)
olivacea (Schltr.) H.Jacobsen = Phyllobolus tenuiflorus
pallens (Aiton) N.E.Br. subsp. lancea (Thunb.) Gerbaulet m. NC
Mesembryanthemum lanceum Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 150–1290 uncipetala N.E.Br. = Hereroa wilmaniae
m. NC, WC
PSAMMOPHORA Dinter & 2405100
pallens (Aiton) N.E.Br. subsp. lutea L.Bolus Schwantes
(1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: tt. 280A, 280B.
WC (2) Hartmann. 1996. Bradleya 14: 29–56.
pallens (Aiton) N.E.Br. subsp. namaquensis Gerbaulet (3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 250–1100 ceae, F–Z: 228–230.
m. NC herrei L.Bolus = P. longifolia
pallens (Aiton) N.E.Br. subsp. pallens longifolia L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum loratum Haw. (1) P. herrei L.Bolus (3)
Mesembryanthemum pallens Aiton (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 10–750 m.
Mesembryanthemum pallescens Haw. (1)
Mesembryanthemum relaxatum Willd. (1) N, NC
Phyllobolus pallens (Aiton) Bittrich (2) modesta (Dinter & A.Berger) Dinter & Schwantes
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Pleiospilos

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 10–1050 m. P. uncinatum L.Bolus (3)

N, NC Ruschia coriaria (Burch. ex N.E.Br.) Schwantes (3)
Perennial, occ. annual. Shrub, succulent. Ht 1.5–3 m.
nissenii (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes Alt 500–2000 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC
N dejagerae L.Bolus = P. articulatum
pillansii L.Bolus = Arenifera pillansii delosepalum L.Bolus = P. junceum
saxicola H.E.K.Hartmann densum N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 10– Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt up to 1100 m. NC
300 m. N dinteri (Engl.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum dinteri Engl. (3)
PSEUDOBROWNANTHUS Ihlenf. 2405155 P. baylissii L.Bolus (3)
P. fasciculatum N.E.Br. (3)
& Bittrich P. godmaniae L.Bolus var. godmaniae (3)
nucifer Ihlenf. & Bittrich = Brownanthus nucifer P. godmaniae L.Bolus var. gracile L.Bolus (3)
P. herrei L.Bolus (3)
PSILOCAULON N.E.Br. 2405101 P. littlewoodii L.Bolus (3)
P. littlewoodii L.Bolus forma laxum L.Bolus (3)
(1) Bolus. 1931. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 11: t. 414. P. pageae L.Bolus var. grandiflorum L.Bolus (3)
(2) Ihlenfeldt & Bittrich. 1985. Botanische Jahrbücher 105: 289−322. P. pageae L.Bolus var. pageae (3)
(3) Klak & Linder. 1998. Botanische Jahrbücher 120: 301–375. P. variabile L.Bolus (3)
(4) Klak & Gerbaulet. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of
succulent plants. Aizoaceae, F–Z: 230–236. Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt
5–900 m. N, NC, WC
absimile N.E.Br. = P. coriarium
duthiae L.Bolus = P. articulatum
acutisepalum (A.Berger) N.E.Br. = P. junceum
fasciculatum N.E.Br. = P. dinteri
album L.Bolus = P. leptarthron
filipetalum L.Bolus = P. subnodosum
annuum L.Bolus = P. articulatum
fimbriatum L.Bolus = P. salicornioides
arenosum (Schinz) L.Bolus = Brownanthus arenosus
foliosum L.Bolus
articulatum (Thunb.) N.E.Br. Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt
Mesembryanthemum articulatum Thunb. (3)
Mesembryanthemum mucronulatum Dinter (3) 20–750 m. NC
Mesembryanthemum secundum Thunb., naked name (3) framesii L.Bolus = P. junceum
P. annuum L.Bolus (3)
P. asperulum N.E.Br. (3) gessertianum (Dinter & A.Berger) Dinter & Schwantes
P. bryantii L.Bolus (3) Mesembryanthemum gessertianum Dinter & A.Berger (3)
P. dejagerae L.Bolus (3) P. luteum L.Bolus (4)
P. duthiae L.Bolus (3) Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt
P. hirtellum L.Bolus (3) 750–2200 m. N
P. liebenbergii L.Bolus (3)
P. mucronulatum (Dinter) N.E.Br. (3) glareosum (A.Berger) Dinter & Schwantes = P. salicorni-
P. puberulum Dinter, naked name (3) oides
P. pubescens N.E.Br. (3) godmaniae L.Bolus var. godmaniae = P. dinteri
P. roseoalbum L.Bolus (3)
Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt godmaniae L.Bolus var. gracile L.Bolus = P. dinteri
up to 1500 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC granulicaule (Haw.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum granulicaule Haw. (3)
asperulum N.E.Br. = P. articulatum Perapentacoilanthus granulicaulis (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone,
baylissii L.Bolus = P. dinteri invalid name (3)
P. pauper L.Bolus (3)
bicorne (Sond.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum bicorne Sond. (3) Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt
Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 20–1500 m. N, FS, NC, WC, EC
20–1200 m. WC, EC herrei L.Bolus = P. dinteri
bijliae N.E.Br. = P. junceum hirtellum L.Bolus = P. articulatum
bryantii L.Bolus = P. articulatum imitans L.Bolus = P. junceum
calvinianum L.Bolus = P. junceum implexum N.E.Br. = P. parviflorum
candidum L.Bolus = P. junceum inachabense L.Bolus = P. salicornioides
ciliatum (Aiton) Friedrich = Brownanthus ciliatus inconspicuum L.Bolus = P. salicornioides
subsp. ciliatus inconstrictum L.Bolus = P. subnodosum
clavulatum (A.Berger) N.E.Br. = P. subnodosum junceum (Haw.) Schwantes
corallinum (Thunb.) Schwantes = Brownanthus coral- Mesembryanthemum acutisepalum A.Berger (3)
linus Mesembryanthemum junceum Haw. (3)
Mesembryanthemum junceum Haw. var. pauciflorum Sond. (3)
coriarium (Burch. ex N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. Mesembryanthemum simile Sond. (3)
Mesembryanthemum coriarium Burch. ex N.E.Br. (4) Mesembryanthemum simile Sond. var. namaquense Sond. (3)
Mesembryanthemum mentiens A.Berger (3) Peratetracoilanthus junceus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone (3)
P. absimile N.E.Br. (3) P. acutisepalum (A.Berger) N.E.Br. (3)
P. mentiens (A.Berger) N.E.Br. (3) P. bijliae N.E.Br. (3)
P. stenopetalum L.Bolus (3) P. calvinianum L.Bolus (3)
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Psammophora DICOTYLEDONS

P. candidum L.Bolus (3) pauciflorum (Sond.) Schwantes = P. junceum

P. delosepalum L.Bolus (3)
P. framesii L.Bolus (3) pauper L.Bolus = P. granulicaule
P. imitans L.Bolus (3) peersii L.Bolus = Brownanthus corallinus
P. laxiflorum L.Bolus (3)
P. leightoniae L.Bolus (3)
pfeilii (Engl.) Schwantes = Prenia tetragona
P. levynsiae N.E.Br. (3) pillansii (L.Bolus) Friedrich = Brownanthus pubes-
P. lewisiae L.Bolus (3) cens
P. namaquense (Sond.) Schwantes (3)
P. oculatum L.Bolus (3) planisepalum L.Bolus = P. junceum
P. pauciflorum (Sond.) Schwantes (3) planum L.Bolus = P. salicornioides
P. planisepalum L.Bolus (3)
P. rogersiae L.Bolus (3)
pomeridianum L.Bolus = Mesembryanthemum ste-
P. semilunatum L.Bolus (3) nandrum
P. simile (Sond.) Schwantes (3) puberulum Dinter, naked name = P. articulatum
P. simulans L.Bolus (3)
P. squamifolium N.E.Br. (3) pubescens N.E.Br. = P. articulatum
P. stayneri L.Bolus (3) rapaceum (Jacq.) Schwantes = Caulipsolon rapaceum
P. subintegrum L.Bolus (3)
P. utile L.Bolus (3)
rogersiae L.Bolus = P. junceum
Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht 0.1−0.6 m. Alt roseoalbum L.Bolus = P. articulatum
20–1100 m. NC, WC, EC salicornioides (Pax) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum glareosum A.Berger (3)
kuntzei (Schinz) Dinter & Schwantes = Brownanthus Mesembryanthemum salicornioides Pax (3)
kuntzei Mesembryanthemum sinus-redfordiani Dinter, naked name (3)
laxiflorum L.Bolus = P. junceum Mesembryanthemum trothai Engl. (3)
P. fimbriatum L.Bolus (3)
leightoniae L.Bolus = P. junceum P. glareosum (A.Berger) Dinter & Schwantes (3)
leptarthron (A.Berger) N.E.Br. P. inachabense L.Bolus (3)
Mesembryanthemum leptarthron A.Berger (3) P. inconspicuum L.Bolus (3)
P. album L.Bolus (3) P. planum L.Bolus (3)
Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt P. sinus-redfordiani Dinter ex Range, naked name (3)
P. trothai (Engl.) Schwantes (3)
200–350 m. WC P. woodii L.Bolus (3)
levynsiae N.E.Br. = P. junceum Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt
lewisiae L.Bolus = P. junceum 10–650 m. N, NC
liebenbergii L.Bolus = P. articulatum schlichtianum (Sond.) Schwantes = Brownanthus are-
nosus
lindequistii (Engl.) Schwantes = Aridaria noctiflora
subsp. noctiflora semilunatum L.Bolus = P. junceum
littlewoodii L.Bolus = P. dinteri simile (Sond.) Schwantes = P. junceum
simulans L.Bolus = P. junceum
littlewoodii L.Bolus forma laxum L.Bolus = P. dinteri
sinus-redfordiani Dinter ex Range, naked name = P. sali-
longipes L.Bolus = Caulipsolon rapaceum cornioides
luteum L.Bolus = P. gessertianum squamifolium N.E.Br. = P. junceum
marlothii (Pax) Friedrich = Brownanthus marlothii stayneri L.Bolus = P. junceum
melanospermum (A.Berger) N.E.Br. = Aptenia geni- stenopetalum L.Bolus = P. coriarium
culiflora
subintegrum L.Bolus = P. junceum
mentiens (A.Berger) N.E.Br. = P. coriarium
subnodosum (A.Berger) N.E.Br.
micranthon L.Bolus, illegitimate name = P. parviflorum Mesembryanthemum clavulatum A.Berger (3)
mucronulatum (Dinter) N.E.Br. = P. articulatum Mesembryanthemum subnodosum A.Berger (3)
P. clavulatum (A.Berger) N.E.Br. (3)
namaquense (Sond.) Schwantes = P. junceum P. filipetalum L.Bolus (3)
namibense (Marloth) Friedrich = Brownanthus nami- P. inconstrictum L.Bolus (3)
bensis Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt
20–850 m. N, NC
oculatum L.Bolus = P. junceum
tenue (Haw.) Schwantes = P. parviflorum
otzenianum (Dinter) L.Bolus = Lampranthus otzenianus
trothai (Engl.) Schwantes = P. salicornioides
pageae L.Bolus var. grandiflorum L.Bolus = P. dinteri
uncinatum L.Bolus = P. coriarium
pageae L.Bolus var. pageae = P. dinteri
utile L.Bolus = P. junceum
parviflorum (Jacq.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum micranthon Haw., illegitimate name (3) variabile L.Bolus = P. dinteri
Mesembryanthemum parviflorum Jacq. (3) woodii L.Bolus = P. salicornioides
Mesembryanthemum tenue Haw. (3)
Peratetracoilanthus parviflorus (Jacq.) Rappa & Camarrone (3)
P. implexum N.E.Br. (3) PUNCTILLARIA N.E.Br. 2405157
P. micranthon L.Bolus, illegitimate name (3)
P. tenue (Haw.) Schwantes (3) cana L.Bolus = Pleiospilos compactus subsp. canus
Perennial, occ. annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt compacta (Aiton) N.E.Br. = Pleiospilos compactus
20–360 m. WC subsp. compactus
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Psilocaulon

dekenahi N.E.Br. = Pleiospilos compactus subsp. canus inaequale L.Bolus var. latipetalum L.Bolus = R. inae-
magnipunctata (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Pleiospilos compactus quale
subsp. canus luteum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
optata (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = Pleiospilos compactus subsp. Ruschia lutea L.Bolus (2)
compactus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 800–1100
m. WC
roodiae N.E.Br. = Tanquana prismatica
sesquiuncialis N.E.Br. = Pleiospilos compactus subsp. macradenium (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Peersia macradenia
canus muirii N.E.Br.
sororia (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = Pleiospilos compactus subsp. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 300–850 m.
sororius WC
obliquum L.Bolus
RABIEA N.E.Br. 2405102 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 1200–1500
(1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- m. NC
ceae, F–Z: 237, 238.
parvifolium L.Bolus
albinota (Haw.) N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 300–900 m.
R. albinota (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. longipetala L.Bolus (1)
R. albinota (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. microstigma L.Bolus (1) EC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt? ‘CP’ pillansii N.E.Br.
albinota (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. longipetala L.Bolus = R. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 1000–1200
albinota m. WC
albinota (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. microstigma L.Bolus = R. rouxii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Chasmatophyllum rouxii
albinota schonlandii L.Bolus
albipuncta (Haw.) N.E.Br. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 800–1500
R. albipuncta (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. major L.Bolus (1) m. NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1400–1700 vanheerdei L.Bolus = Peersia vanheerdei
m. FS
albipuncta (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. major L.Bolus = R. RHOMBOPHYLLUM (Schwantes) 2405104
albipuncta Schwantes
comptonii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) Hartmann. 1998. Bradleya 16: 44–91.
ceae, F–Z: 241–243.
m. FS
albanense (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
difformis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Hereroa albanensis L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 990–1500 Mesembryanthemum dyeri (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (1)
m. EC Ruschia dyeri L.Bolus (1)
jamesii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 650–820 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 990–1500 EC
m. EC dolabriforme (L.) Schwantes
Hereroa dolabriformis (L.) L.Bolus (1)
lesliei N.E.Br. Mesembryanthemum dolabriforme L. (1)
m. FS EC
tersa N.E.Br. = Prepodesma orpenii dyeri (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
Hereroa dyeri L.Bolus (1)
RHINEPHYLLUM N.E.Br. 2405103 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 750–1000 m.
(3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- nelii Schwantes
ceae, F–Z: 239–241. Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 450–1200 m. EC
broomii L.Bolus rhomboideum (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m, when in flower. Bergeranthus rhomboideus (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes (1)
Alt 1200–1700 m. NC Mesembryanthemum rhomboideum Salm-Dyck (1)
R. rhomboideum (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes var. groppiorum Heinrich (1)
comptonii L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.03 m, 0.1 m when in
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1400–1600 flower. Alt? EC
m. FS, WC
rhomboideum (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes var. groppiorum
frithii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Peersia frithii
Heinrich = R. rhomboideum
graniforme (Haw.) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 800–1100 RHOPALOCYCLUS Schwantes 2405201
m. WC
herrei Schwantes = Leipoldtia schultzei
inaequale L.Bolus
R. inaequale L.Bolus var. latipetalum L.Bolus (3) nelii Schwantes = Leipoldtia schultzei
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 1100–1600 weigangianus (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes = Lei-
m. EC poldtia weigangiana subsp. weigangiana
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Punctillaria DICOTYLEDONS

ROODIA N.E.Br. 2405158 androsacea Marloth & Schwantes = Antimima andro-

sacea
digitifolia N.E.Br. = Argyroderma fissum
androsacea Marloth & Schwantes, naked name = Anti-
RUSCHIA Schwantes 2405105 mima androsacea
(1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: tt. 251, approximata (L.Bolus) Schwantes
277. Mesembryanthemum approximatum L.Bolus (12)
(2) Phillips. 1930. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 10: t. 393. Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.09–0.14 m. Alt 500–850 m.
(3) Bolus. 1931. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 11: tt. 416, 418. WC
(5) Bolus. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 39: t. 1530. archeri L.Bolus
(6) Glen. 1986. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1937. R. archeri L.Bolus var. sexpartita L.Bolus (13)
(7) Glen. 1987. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1960. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.33 m. Alt 750–1600
(8) Hartmann & Stüber. 1993. Contributions from the Bolus Herbarium m. WC
15: 1–75.
(9) Hartmann. 1996. Bradleya 14: 29–56. archeri L.Bolus var. sexpartita L.Bolus = R. archeri
(10) Hartmann. 1998. Bothalia 28: 67–82.
arenosa L.Bolus = Lampranthus arenarius
(12) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74. argentea L.Bolus = Antimima argentea
ceae, F–Z: 244–284. aristata L.Bolus = Erepsia aristata
(14) Klak. 2001. Phylogeny and character evolution in the Lam- aristulata (Sond.) Schwantes = Antimima aristulata
pranthus group (Aizoaceae–Ruschioideae). Unpublished Ph.D.
thesis. University of Cape Town. armata L.Bolus = Arenifera stylosa
abbreviata L.Bolus aspera L.Bolus
R. subaphylla Friedrich (12) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.22 m. Alt up to 1200
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 250– m. NC
1500 m. N, NC atrata L.Bolus
abrupta (A.Berger) G.D.Rowley = Octopoma abrup- Mesembryanthemum atratum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12)
tum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.28 m. Alt up to 1000
m. NC
acocksii L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 700–900 m. axthelmiana (Dinter) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum axthelmianum Dinter (12)
NC
acuminata L.Bolus N
Mesembryanthemum exacutum N.E.Br. (12)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 500–900 m. barnardii L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum barnardii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12)
WC Mesembryanthemum pseudorupicolum Dinter, naked name (12)
acutangula (Haw.) Schwantes R. kakamasensis L.Bolus (12)
Mesembryanthemum acutangulum Haw. (12) Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt
Mesembryanthemum vaginatum Haw. var. acutangulum A.Berger (12) 900–1200 m. N, NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt ± 700 m. WC
beaufortensis L.Bolus
addita L.Bolus = Antimima addita Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt 950–1950
aggregata L.Bolus m. WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.36 m. Alt ± 1200 m. bicolorata L.Bolus = Stoeberia beetzii
NC biformis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Antimima biformis
alata L.Bolus bijliae L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.18 m. Alt 200–350 m. Mesembryanthemum bijliae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12)
albertensis L.Bolus = R. spinosa WC
albiflora L.Bolus = Polymita albiflora bina L.Bolus = Antimima bina
alborubra L.Bolus = Antimima alborubra bipapillata L.Bolus
altigena (L.Bolus) L.Bolus WC
Mesembryanthemum altigenum L.Bolus (12)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.13 m. Alt ± 1700 m. bolusiae Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum albicute N.E.Br. (12)
WC R. rigida L.Bolus, not of (Haw.) Schwantes (12)
amicorum (L.Bolus) Schwantes Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.12 m. Alt
Mesembryanthemum amicorum L.Bolus (13) 300–550 m. WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt? WC
bracteata L.Bolus = Antimima bracteata
amoena Schwantes = Antimima amoena brakdamensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
amphibolia G.D.Rowley = Lampranthus amphibolius Mesembryanthemum brakdamense L.Bolus (12)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt up to 1200
ampliata L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum ampliatum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12) m. NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 20–250 m. breekpoortensis L.Bolus
NC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? NC
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Roodia

brevibracteata L.Bolus cincta (L.Bolus) L.Bolus

Perennial. Succulent, shrub. Ht? Alt up to 1200 m. NC Mesembryanthemum cinctum L.Bolus (12)
brevicarpa L.Bolus = Antimima brevicarpa
clavata L.Bolus
brevicollis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Antimima brevicollis
brevicyma L.Bolus WC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt? ‘SA’
cleista L.Bolus = Eberlanzia sedoides
brevifolia L.Bolus
compacta L.Bolus = Antimima compacta
NC complanata L.Bolus
brevipes L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum firmum N.E.Br. (12) m. EC
R. brevipes L.Bolus var. gracilis L.Bolus (12) compressa L.Bolus = Antimima compressa
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.45 m. Alt 800–950 m. comptonii L.Bolus = Drosanthemum pulverulentum
WC
concava L.Bolus = Antimima dasyphylla
brevipes L.Bolus var. gracilis L.Bolus = R. brevipes
concinna L.Bolus = Antimima concinna
britteniae L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum iteratum N.E.Br. (12) condensa (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Antimima condensa
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 600–900 m. EC congesta (Salm-Dyck) L.Bolus
buchubergensis Dinter = Antimima buchubergensis Mesembryanthemum congestum Salm-Dyck (12)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 50–750 m. EC
burtoniae L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 200–900 m. conjuncta L.Bolus = Octopoma connatum
NC, WC connata L.Bolus = Octopoma connatum
calcarea L.Bolus constricta L.Bolus = Acrodon bellidiflorus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 1110–1210 m. NC copiosa L.Bolus
calcicola (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 300–550 m.
Mesembryanthemum calcicola L.Bolus (12) WC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 200–320 m. WC coriaria (Burch. ex N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Psilocaulon
callifera L.Bolus coriarium
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.13 m. Alt 800–950 m. costata L.Bolus
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 500–800 m. WC
calycina L.Bolus = Zeuktophyllum calycinum cradockensis (Kuntze) H.E.K.Hartmann & Stüber
campestris (Burch.) Schwantes subsp. cradockensis
Mesembryanthemum campestre Burch. (13) Eberlanzia cradockensis (Kuntze) Schwantes (8)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 800–950 m. Eberlanzia horrescens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (8)
NC Eberlanzia horrescens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. densa (L.Bolus)
H.Jacobsen, invalid name (8)
canonotata (L.Bolus) Schwantes Eberlanzia horrida (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (11)
Mesembryanthemum canonotatum L.Bolus (12) Mesembryanthemum cradockense Kuntze (8)
R. orsmondiae L.Bolus (12) Mesembryanthemum spinosum L. var. cradockense (Kuntze)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1100–1500 A.Berger ex Range, naked name (12)
m. FS, NC R. horrescens L.Bolus (8)
R. horrescens L.Bolus var. densa L.Bolus (8)
capornii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus R. horrida L.Bolus (8)
Lampranthus capornii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (12) Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 500–1300 m. WC, EC
Mesembryanthemum capornii L.Bolus (12)
Mesembryanthemum capornii L.Bolus forma ferum L.Bolus (12) cradockensis (Kuntze) H.E.K.Hartmann & Stüber
Mesembryanthemum capornii L.Bolus var. longifolium L.Bolus (12) subsp. triticiformis (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann &
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 200–400 m. NC Stüber
capulata (L.Bolus) Schwantes = R. cupulata Eberlanzia triticiformis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (8)
Eberlanzia triticiformis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. subglobosa L.Bolus (11)
caroli (L.Bolus) Schwantes Mesembryanthemum triticiforme L.Bolus (8)
Mesembryanthemum caroli L.Bolus (13) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 800–1200 m.
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 300–550 m. WC NC
caudata L.Bolus crassa (L.Bolus) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.25–0.4 m. Alt 200–460 m. Mesembryanthemum crassum L.Bolus (12)
cedarbergensis L.Bolus WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 600–1300 crassifolia L.Bolus = Antimima crassifolia
m. WC crassisepala L.Bolus
centrocapsula H.E.K.Hartmann & Stüber R. crassisepala L.Bolus var. major L.Bolus (12)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 850–1250 m. NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 200–350 m. WC
ceresiana L.Bolus crassisepala L.Bolus var. major L.Bolus = R. crassi-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 500–1200 m. WC sepala
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Ruschia DICOTYLEDONS

crassuloides L.Bolus = Eberlanzia sedoides diutina L.Bolus = Polymita albiflora

cupulata (L.Bolus) Schwantes divaricata L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum cupulatum L.Bolus (12) Eberlanzia divaricata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (8)
R. capulata (L.Bolus) Schwantes (12) Eberlanzia tatasbergensis L.Bolus (8)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 100–260 m. Eberlanzia vulnerans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (8)
Mesembryanthemum spinescens Pax, naked name (12)
WC R. vulnerans L.Bolus (8)
curta (Haw.) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 150–1100
Mesembryanthemum curtum Haw. (12)
Mesembryanthemum vaginatum Haw. var. curtum (Haw.) A.Berger (12)
m. N, FS, NC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’ diversifolia L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum variifolium N.E.Br. (12)
cyathiformis L.Bolus = Eberlanzia cyathiformis Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.14 m. Alt 300–
cymbifolia (Haw.) L.Bolus 550 m. WC
Mesembryanthemum cymbifolium Haw. (12)
Mesembryanthemum deceptum N.E.Br., illegitimate name (12) dolomitica (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes = Antimima
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 350– dolomitica
490 m. WC drepanophylla (Schltr. & A.Berger) L.Bolus = Ester-
cymosa (L.Bolus) Schwantes huysenia drepanophylla
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 500–850 m. drepanophylla (Schltr. & A.Berger) L.Bolus var. sneeu-
WC bergensis L.Bolus = Esterhuysenia drepano-
dasyphylla (Schltr.) Schwantes = Antimima dasyphylla phylla
decumbens L.Bolus dualis (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus = Antimima dualis
Mesembryanthemum deflectum N.E.Br. (12) dubitans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Lampranthus dubitans
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 800–1050 m. WC duplessiae L.Bolus = Acrodon bellidiflorus
decurrens L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum decurrens (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12)
duthiae (L.Bolus) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum duthiae L.Bolus (12)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 200–350 m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.07–0.1 m. Alt 20–650 m.
decurvans L.Bolus WC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 175– dyeri L.Bolus = Rhombophyllum albanense
350 m. WC
ebracteata L.Bolus = Eberlanzia ebracteata
defecta L.Bolus = Antimima defecta
edentula (Haw.) L.Bolus
deflecta L.Bolus = Antimima defecta Braunsia edentula (Haw.) N.E.Br. (12)
dejagerae L.Bolus Echinus edentulus (Haw.) N.E.Br. (12)
Mesembryanthemum dejagerae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12) Mesembryanthemum edentulum Haw. (12)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 800–1200 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? ‘SA’
m. WC elevata L.Bolus = Antimima elevata
dekenahi (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Antimima dekenahi elineata L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum elineatum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12)
deminuta L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 1100–1700 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt ± 1200 m. NC
m. N emarcescens L.Bolus = Antimima emarcescens
densiflora L.Bolus emarcidens L.Bolus ex Jacobsen = Antimima emarces-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 300–500 m. cens
WC erecta (L.Bolus) Schwantes
depressa L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum erectum L.Bolus (12)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 50–275 m. EC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 1000–
1200 m. NC
derenbergiana (Dinter) C.Weber = Ebracteola deren-
bergiana erosa L.Bolus = Antimima erosa
dichotoma L.Bolus = Eberlanzia dichotoma esterhuyseniae L.Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 1000–
dichroa (Rolfe) L.Bolus 1700 m. WC
Cylindrophyllum dichroum (Rolfe) Schwantes (12)
Mesembryanthemum dichroum Rolfe (12) evoluta (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus = Antimima evoluta
R. dichroa (Rolfe) L.Bolus var. alba L.Bolus (12) excedens L.Bolus = Antimima excedens
NC, WC exigua L.Bolus
dichroa (Rolfe) L.Bolus var. alba L.Bolus = R. dichroa
exsurgens L.Bolus = Antimima exsurgens
dilatata L.Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 150–250 m. WC extensa L.Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 1000–1200 m.
disarticulata L.Bolus = Antimima hantamensis NC
dissimilis G.D.Rowley = Lampranthus dissimilis fenestrata L.Bolus = Antimima fenestrata
distans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Antimima distans fergusoniae L.Bolus = Antimima fergusoniae
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Ruschia

ferox L.Bolus = R. intricata granitica (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Antimima granitica

festiva (N.E.Br.) Schwantes gravida L.Bolus = Eberlanzia gravida
Mesembryanthemum festivum N.E.Br. (6)
griquensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 200–350 m. Mesembryanthemum griquense L.Bolus (12)
WC Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 800–
filamentosa (L.) L.Bolus = Erepsia forficata 1400 m. FS, NC
filipetala L.Bolus grisea (L.Bolus) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum filipetalum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12) Mesembryanthemum griseum L.Bolus (12)
WC NC, WC
firma L.Bolus gydouwensis (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley = Lampranthus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 200–350 m. gydouwensis
WC hallii L.Bolus = Antimima hallii
floribunda L.Bolus hallowayana L.Bolus = Eberlanzia schneideriana
hamata (L.Bolus) Schwantes
WC Mesembryanthemum hamatum L.Bolus (12)
foliosa (Haw.) Schwantes Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt up to
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? ‘SA’ 3000 m. NW, FS, L, NC
forficata in sense of L.Bolus in part, misapplied name = hamatilis L.Bolus = Antimima hamatilis
Acrodon purpureostylus haworthii H.Jacobsen & G.D.Rowley
forficata (L.) L.Bolus = Erepsia forficata Mesembryanthemum dilatatum Haw. (12)
fourcadei L.Bolus Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt? ‘CP’
Mesembryanthemum fourcadei in sense of (L.Bolus) N.E.Br., not of herrei Schwantes = Antimima herrei
L.Bolus, illegitimate name (12)
heteropetala L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 700–1100 m. WC, EC
framesii L.Bolus 1100 m. WC
Mesembryanthemum framesii (L.Bolus) N.E.Br., illegitimate name (12)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 620–920 m. hexamera L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum hexamerum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12)
EC R. hexamera L.Bolus var. longipetala L.Bolus (12)
fredericii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 700–1100 m. NC
Mesembryanthemum fredericii L.Bolus (12)
hexamera L.Bolus var. longipetala L.Bolus = R. hexa-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 300–700 m. WC mera
frutescens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Stoeberia frutescens holensis L.Bolus
fugitans L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 200–350 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 200–550 m. NC, WC WC
fulleri L.Bolus = Ebracteola fulleri hollowayana L.Bolus = Eberlanzia schneideriana
gemina L.Bolus = Cerochlamys gemina horrescens L.Bolus = R. cradockensis subsp. cradockensis
geminiflora (Haw.) Schwantes horrescens L.Bolus var. densa L.Bolus = R. cradockensis
Mesembryanthemum geminatum Jacq. (12) subsp. cradockensis
Mesembryanthemum geminatum Salm-Dyck (12)
Mesembryanthemum geminiflorum Haw. (12) horrida L.Bolus = R. cradockensis subsp. cradockensis
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 50–500 m. WC hutchinsonii L.Bolus = Amphibolia laevis
gibbosa L.Bolus = Leipoldtia compacta imbricata (Haw.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum imbricatum Haw. (13)
glauca L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum imbricatum Haw. var. rubrum Haw. (12)
Mesembryanthemum valens N.E.Br. (12) Mesembryanthemum multiflorum Haw. var. rubrum (Haw.) Haw. (12)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt up to 1200 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt ± 175
m. NC m. WC
globularis L.Bolus = R. spinosa impressa L.Bolus
goodiae L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum impressum (L.Bolus) J.W.Ingram (12)
Mesembryanthemum goodiae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 730–1100
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 700–1120 m. NC m. WC
gracilipes L.Bolus inclaudens L.Bolus = Esterhuysenia inclaudens
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 1200–1500 m. NC inclusa L.Bolus
gracilis L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum amplexum N.E.Br. (12)
Mesembryanthemum exile N.E.Br. (12) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.06–0.08 m. Alt 800–1100
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt ± 120 m. WC
m. WC inconspicua L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum latens N.E.Br. (12)
gracillima L.Bolus = Antimima gracillima
graminea H.Jacobsen = Acrodon bellidiflorus m. N, NC

incumbens L.Bolus komkansica L.Bolus = Antimima komkansica

Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.45 m. Alt 300– kuboosana L.Bolus
550 m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 700–1150 m. NC
incurvata L.Bolus langebaanensis L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum incurvatum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12)
WC lapidicola L.Bolus
indecora (L.Bolus) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum indecorum L.Bolus (12) WC
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 50– lavisii L.Bolus
175 m. WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 20–220 m.
indurata (L.Bolus) Schwantes WC
Mesembryanthemum induratum L.Bolus (12) lawsonii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Antimima lawsonii
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 700–1400 m. EC laxa (Willd.) Schwantes
insidens L.Bolus = Antimima insidens Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’
integra Schwantes = Smicrostigma viride laxiflora L.Bolus
intermedia L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt? NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.22–0.34 m. Alt 800–1450 laxipetala L.Bolus
m. WC Mesembryanthemum laxipetalum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12)
intervallaris L.Bolus = Antimima intervallaris Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.6–0.7 m. Alt 800–1100 m.
WC
intricata (N.E.Br.) H.E.K.Hartmann & Stüber
Eberlanzia ferox (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (8) leightoniae L.Bolus = Lampranthus francesiae
Eberlanzia intricata (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (8) leipoldtii L.Bolus = Antimima leipoldtii
Eberlanzia munita (L.Bolus) Schwantes (8)
Eberlanzia persistens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (8) leptocalyx L.Bolus
Eberlanzia puniens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (8) Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 175–350 m. WC
Mesembryanthemum intricatum N.E.Br. (8)
Mesembryanthemum munitum L.Bolus (8) lerouxiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum tuitum N.E.Br. on herbarium label, naked Lampranthus lerouxiae (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12)
name (12) Mesembryanthemum lerouxiae L.Bolus (12)
R. ferox L.Bolus (8) Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 750–1200 m. NC
R. persistens L.Bolus (8)
R. puniens L.Bolus (8)
leucanthera (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Antimima leucan-
thera
FS, NC, WC, EC leucosperma L.Bolus
intrusa (Kensit) L.Bolus = Brianhuntleya intrusa Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 175–
1200 m. NC
ivori (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Antimima ivori
levynsiae (L.Bolus) Schwantes = Antimima pumila
jacobseniana L.Bolus = Astridia longifolia
kakamasensis L.Bolus = R. barnardii limbata (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Antimima limbata
karrachabensis L.Bolus lineolata (Haw.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum lineolatum Haw. (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 400–900 m. NC
karroidea L.Bolus = Antimima karroidea 550 m. WC
karrooica (L.Bolus) L.Bolus lisabeliae L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum karrooicum L.Bolus (12)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 100–200 m. WC
1100 m. WC littlewoodii L.Bolus
kenhardtensis L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 900–1150 lodewykii L.Bolus = Antimima lodewykii
m. NC loganii L.Bolus = Antimima loganii
klaverensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes = Antimima klaver- lokenbergensis L.Bolus = Antimima lokenbergensis
ensis longifolia L.Bolus = Acrodon bellidiflorus
klipbergensis L.Bolus longipes L.Bolus = Antimima longipes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.33 m. Alt 250–380 m. luckhoffii L.Bolus = Antimima luckhoffii
WC lutea L.Bolus = Rhinephyllum luteum
knysnana (L.Bolus) L.Bolus macovanii (L.Bolus) Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen = R.
Mesembryanthemum knysnanum L.Bolus (12) macowanii
R. knysnana (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. angustifolia L.Bolus (12)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 50–650 macowanii (L.Bolus) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum macowanii L.Bolus (12)
m. WC, EC R. macovanii (L.Bolus) Schwantes ex H.Jacobsen (12)
knysnana (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. angustifolia L.Bolus = Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht 0.15–0.2 m. Alt 20–
R. knysnana 175 m. WC
koekenaapensis L.Bolus = Antimima koekenaapensis macrophylla L.Bolus = Acrodon bellidiflorus

macroura L.Bolus = R. spinosa muricata L.Bolus

Mesembryanthemum pellanum N.E.Br. (12)
maleolens L.Bolus = Antimima maleolens
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 700–1100 m. N, NC
mallesoniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Esterhuysenia drepano-
phylla mutata G.D.Rowley = Lampranthus mutatus
marginata L.Bolus = Lampranthus marginatus mutica L.Bolus = Antimima mutica
mariae L.Bolus namaquana L.Bolus = Amphibolia rupis-arcuatae
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 400–1100 namaquana L.Bolus var. quinqueflora L.Bolus = Eber-
m. EC lanzia ebracteata
marianae (L.Bolus) Schwantes namusmontana Friedrich
Mesembryanthemum marianae L.Bolus (12) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 450–1000
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 300–850 m. m. N
NC, WC
nana L.Bolus
maritima (L.Bolus ex Tölken & Jessop) G.D.Rowley = Mesembryanthemum reductum N.E.Br. in part, illegitimate name (12)
Amphibolia laevis Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 750–1100
mathewsii L.Bolus = Antimima mucronata m. WC
maxima (Haw.) L.Bolus neilii L.Bolus = Stayneria neilii
Astridia maxima (Haw.) Schwantes (12)
Mesembryanthemum maximum Haw. (12) nelii Schwantes
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 300– Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’
800 m. WC neovirens Schwantes
maxwellii L.Bolus = Antimima maxwellii Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 50–175 m. EC
menniei L.Bolus = Antimima menniei nieuwerustensis L.Bolus
mesklipensis L.Bolus = Antimima mesklipensis Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 350–590 m. WC
meyerae Schwantes = Antimima meyerae nobilis Schwantes = Antimima nobilis
meyeri Schwantes = Antimima papillata nonimpressa L.Bolus
microphylla (Haw.) Schwantes = Antimima micro- Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 990–1500 m. EC
phylla nordenstamii L.Bolus = Antimima nordenstamii
middlemostii L.Bolus obtusa L.Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt? NC Mesembryanthemum hebes N.E.Br. (12)
milleflora L.Bolus = Eberlanzia dichotoma Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt up to
minutifolia L.Bolus = Antimima minutifolia 1200 m. NC
misera (L.Bolus) L.Bolus obtusifolia L.Bolus = Antimima watermeyeri
Mesembryanthemum miserum L.Bolus (12) octojugis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Octopoma octojuge
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.37 m. Alt? ‘SA’ octonaria (L.Bolus) G.D.Rowley = Enarganthe octonaria
modesta L.Bolus forma glabrescens L.Bolus = Anti- odontocalyx (Schltr. & Diels) Schwantes
mima modesta Mesembryanthemum odontocalyx Schltr. & Diels (12)
modesta L.Bolus forma modesta = Antimima modesta Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 1000–1600 m. N
mollis (A.Berger) Schwantes orientalis L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum lene N.E.Br. (12) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 700–950 m.
Mesembryanthemum molle in sense of A.Berger, not of Aiton, ille- EC
gitimate name (12)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’ orsmondiae L.Bolus = R. canonotata
montaguensis L.Bolus ottosonderi G.D.Rowley = Ottosonderia monticola
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 850–1250 m. oviformis L.Bolus = Antimima oviformis
WC pakhuisensis L.Bolus = Lampranthus pakpassensis
monticola (Sond.) G.D.Rowley = Ottosonderia monti- pallens L.Bolus
cola Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 20–175 m.
mucronata (Haw.) Schwantes = Antimima mucronata NC
muelleri (L.Bolus) Schwantes papillata L.Bolus = Antimima papillata
Mesembryanthemum muelleri L.Bolus (13) paripetala (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 1.2 m. Alt 350– Mesembryanthemum paripetalum L.Bolus (12)
1200 m. N, NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 20–175 m. NC
muiriana (L.Bolus) Schwantes paripetala (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. occultans L.Bolus =
Mesembryanthemum muirianum L.Bolus (12) Antimima perforata
m. WC parvibracteata L.Bolus = Eberlanzia parvibracteata
multiflora (Haw.) Schwantes parviflora (Haw.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum parviflorum in sense of Haw., not of Jacq. (13)
Mesembryanthemum multiflorum Haw. (6)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 250–850 Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt? ‘SA’
m. WC parvifolia L.Bolus

Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht? Alt 800–1200 m. WC punctulata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ex H.E.K.Hartmann
Lampranthus punctulatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (11)
patens L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum punctulatum L.Bolus (11)
Mesembryanthemum diplosum N.E.Br. (12)
R. unca (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. punctulata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (11)
m. WC NC
patulifolia L.Bolus pungens (A.Berger) H.Jacobsen
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 250–350 m. Mesembryanthemum pungens A.Berger (12)
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 170–800 m. EC
pauciflora L.Bolus puniens L.Bolus = R. intricata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 800–1400 m. WC purpureostyla (L.Bolus) Bruyns = Acrodon purpure-
paucifolia L.Bolus = Antimima paucifolia ostylus
paucipetala L.Bolus pusilla Schwantes = Antimima pusilla
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.24 m. Alt putterillii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
980–1100 m. NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 1400–3000 m. FS, L, EC
pauper L.Bolus = Antimima pauper pygmaea (Haw.) Schwantes = Antimima pygmaea
peersii L.Bolus = Antimima peersii quadrisepala L.Bolus = Octopoma quadrisepalum
perfoliata (Mill.) Schwantes quarzitica (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes = Antimima
Mesembryanthemum perfoliatum Mill. (12)
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt quarzitica
800–1200 m. WC, EC radicans L.Bolus
perforata L.Bolus = Antimima perforata Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 300–550 m. WC
persistens L.Bolus = R. intricata rariflora L.Bolus
persistens L.Bolus (1963), not of L.Bolus (1932), ille-
gitimate name = Antimima persistens recurva (Moench) H.E.K.Hartmann
Mesembryanthemum recurvum Moench (11)
phylicoides L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 120–350 m.
Mesembryanthemum phylicoides (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (12) EC
330 m. NC restituta G.D.Rowley = Octopoma inclusum
pillansii L.Bolus = Eberlanzia schneideriana rigens L.Bolus
pilosula L.Bolus = Antimima pilosula m. FS
pinguis L.Bolus rigida (Haw.) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 900–1200 m. Mesembryanthemum rigidum Haw. (6)
NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 50–250 m.
piscodora L.Bolus = Antimima piscodora WC
polita L.Bolus = Braunsia geminata rigida L.Bolus, not of (Haw.) Schwantes = R. bolusiae
pollardii Friedrich rigidicaulis (Haw.) Schwantes
Perennial. Shrub, succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 250– Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 300–550 m. WC?
980 m. N robusta L.Bolus
primosii L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 700–1200 m.
m. NC roseola (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Antimima roseola
profunda L.Bolus = Lampranthus profundus rostella (Haw.) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum rostellum Haw. (13)
prolongata L.Bolus = Antimima prolongata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’
promontorii L.Bolus rubra (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Astridia rubra
WC rubricaulis (Haw.) L.Bolus
propinqua (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Antimima propin- WC
qua
rupicola (Engl.) Schwantes
prostrata L.Bolus = Antimima prostrata Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 50–1100 m.
pulchella (Haw.) Schwantes (insufficiently known) N
pulchella (Haw.) Schwantes var. caespitosa L.Bolus = rupicola L.Bolus, illegitimate name = Octopoma rupi-
Antimima aristulata genum
pulvinaris L.Bolus rupigena L.Bolus = Octopoma rupigenum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.07 m. Alt 1200–1800 rupis-arcuatae (Dinter) Friedrich = Amphibolia rupis-
m. EC arcuatae
pumila L.Bolus = Antimima pumila ruralis (N.E.Br.) Schwantes

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 1000–1400 solitaria L.Bolus

m. NW Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 100–350 m.
ruschiana (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 850–1000 m. spathulata L.Bolus = Eberlanzia schneideriana
N sphaerophylla Dinter, naked name = Eberlanzia schnei-
sabulicola Dinter deriana
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 800–1200 m. spinescens L.Bolus = Arenifera spinescens
N
spinosa (L.) Dehn
saginata L.Bolus = Amphibolia saginata Eberlanzia aculeata (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (8)
Eberlanzia albertensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (8)
sandbergensis L.Bolus Eberlanzia globularis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (8)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.16 m. Alt 600–800 m. Eberlanzia hospitalis (Dinter) Schwantes (8)
NC Eberlanzia macroura (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (8)
Eberlanzia micrantha (Pax) Schwantes (8)
sarmentosa (Haw.) Schwantes Eberlanzia mucronifera (Haw.) Schwantes (8)
R. sarmentosa (Haw.) Schwantes var. rigida (Salm-Dyck)
Eberlanzia spinosa (L.) Schwantes (8)
Schwantes (13)
Mesembryanthemum aculeatum N.E.Br. (8)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC Mesembryanthemum hospitale Dinter (8)
sarmentosa (Haw.) Schwantes var. rigida (Salm-Dyck) Mesembryanthemum mucroniferum Haw. (8)
Mesembryanthemum spinosum L. (8)
Schwantes = R. sarmentosa Mesembryanthemum spinosum L. var. micranthum Pax (8)
saturata L.Bolus = Antimima saturata R. albertensis L.Bolus (8)
R. globularis L.Bolus (8)
saxicola L.Bolus = Antimima saxicola R. macroura L.Bolus (8)
scabra H.E.K.Hartmann Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 250–1100
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 700–1300 m. N, NC, WC, EC
m. NC staminodiosa L.Bolus
schlechteri Schwantes = Antimima schlechteri Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 200–350 m.
schneideriana (A.Berger) L.Bolus = Eberlanzia schnei- WC
deriana stayneri L.Bolus = Antimima stayneri
schollii (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes stellata L.Bolus = Antimima hantamensis
R. schollii (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes var. caledonica (L.Bolus)
Schwantes (13) stenopetala L.Bolus = Antimima watermeyeri
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 400–650 m. WC stenophylla (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Marlothistella steno-
schollii (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes var. caledonica (L.Bolus) phylla
Schwantes = R. schollii stokoei L.Bolus = Antimima stokoei
scopelogena G.D.Rowley = Scopelogena verruculata stricta L.Bolus
sedoides (Dinter & A.Berger) Friedrich = Eberlanzia Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 1 m. Alt up to 1200 m.
sedoides NC
semidentata (Haw.) Schwantes stricta L.Bolus var. turgida L.Bolus = Amphibolia sag-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 550–900 m. inata
WC strubeniae (L.Bolus) Schwantes
semiglobosa L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.75 m. Alt 300–980 m.
WC stylosa L.Bolus = Arenifera stylosa
senaria L.Bolus suaveolens L.Bolus
NC WC
serrulata (Haw.) Schwantes subaphylla Friedrich = R. abbreviata
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt? WC subglobosa L.Bolus = Octopoma subglobosum
sessilis (Thunb.) H.E.K.Hartmann subpaniculata L.Bolus
Drosanthemum sessile (Thunb.) Schwantes (11)
Mesembryanthemum sessile Thunb. (11) Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 50–300 m. WC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 250–350 m. WC subsphaerica L.Bolus
simulans L.Bolus = Antimima simulans Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 175–1200
m. NC
singula L.Bolus
subteres L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? NC
sobrina (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Antimima sobrina subtruncata L.Bolus var. minor L.Bolus = Antimima
socia (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Argyroderma fissum subtruncata
solida (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. solida = Antimima solida subtruncata L.Bolus var. subtruncata = Antimima sub-
solida (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. stigmatosa L.Bolus = truncata
Antimima solida succulenta L.Bolus = Amphibolia succulenta

tardissima L.Bolus vanderbergiae L.Bolus

NC, WC EC
tecta L.Bolus vanheerdei L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.57 m. Alt 250–370 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 100–420 m. NC
WC vanniekerkiae L.Bolus
tenella (Haw.) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 500–950 m. WC
Mesembryanthemum tenellum Haw. (6)
vanzylii L.Bolus = Antimima vanzylii
WC varians L.Bolus = Antimima varians
testacea L.Bolus velutina L.Bolus = Eberlanzia schneideriana
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 350–550 m. ventricosa (L.Bolus) Schwantes = Antimima ventricosa
WC verruculata (L.) G.D.Rowley = Scopelogena verruculata
tetrasepala L.Bolus = Octopoma tetrasepalum verruculosa L.Bolus = Antimima verrucosula
thomae L.Bolus var. microstigma L.Bolus = Ester- versicolor L.Bolus
huysenia stokoei Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 20–250 m. NC
thomae L.Bolus var. thomae = Esterhuysenia stokoei vetovalida H.E.K.Hartmann
translucens L.Bolus = Stoeberia beetzii Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’
tribracteata L.Bolus victoris (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt up to 1200 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 300–550 m.
NC WC
triflora L.Bolus villetii L.Bolus = Antimima dualis
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 300–550 m. virens L.Bolus
WC Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt ± 360 m. WC
triquetra L.Bolus = Antimima triquetra virgata (Haw.) L.Bolus
truteri L.Bolus Mesembryanthemum virgatum Haw. (13)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 700–1600 m. EC Antimima virgata (Haw.) Dehn (13)
tuberculosa L.Bolus = Antimima tuberculosa
viridifolia L.Bolus
tumidula (Haw.) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 800–1200 m. NC
Mesembryanthemum tumidulum Haw. (13)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 170–450 m. vulnerans L.Bolus = R. divaricata
WC vulvaria (Dinter) Schwantes
turneriana L.Bolus = Antimima turneriana Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 900–1200 m.
N
uitenhagensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.35 m. Alt 120–450 m. watermeyeri L.Bolus = Antimima watermeyeri
EC willdenowii Schwantes
umbellata (L.) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’
Mesembryanthemum umbellatum L. (13) wilmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. angustifolia L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 50–300 m. = Ebracteola wilmaniae
WC
wilmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. vermeuleniae (L.Bolus)
unca (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Lampranthus uncus L.Bolus = Ebracteola wilmaniae
unca (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. punctulata (L.Bolus) L.Bolus wilmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. wilmaniae = Ebrac-
= R. punctulata teola wilmaniae
uncinata (L.) Schwantes wittebergensis (L.Bolus) Schwantes = Antimima witte-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt? WC bergensis
unidens (Haw.) Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.16 m. Alt? ‘CP’ RUSCHIANTHEMUM Friedr. 2405106
utilis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. giftbergensis L.Bolus = gigas (Dinter) Friedrich = Stoeberia gigas
Stoeberia utilis
utilis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. utilis = Stoeberia utilis RUSCHIANTHUS L.Bolus 2405107
vaginata (Haw.) Schwantes ceae, F–Z: 285, 286.
Mesembryanthemum vaginatum Haw. (6)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt? WC falcatus L.Bolus
valida Schwantes m. N
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt 350–700 m. NC
vanbredai L.Bolus SAPHESIA N.E.Br. 2405108
m. EC ceae, F–Z: 286.

flaccida (Jacq.) N.E.Br. subvelutinum L.Bolus forma subvelutinum = S. varians

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 175–350 m. tortuosum (L.) N.E.Br.
WC Mesembryanthemum aridum Moench, illegitimate name (1)
Mesembryanthemum concavum Haw. (1)
SCELETIUM N.E.Br. 2405109 Mesembryanthemum tortuosum L. (1)
Pentacoilanthus tortuosus (L.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name (1)
Phyllobolus tortuosus (L.) Bittrich (2)
S. boreale L.Bolus (1)
S. compactum L.Bolus (1)
S. concavum (Haw.) Schwantes (1)
albanense L.Bolus = S. crassicaule S. framesii L.Bolus (1)
S. gracile L.Bolus (1)
anatomicum (Haw.) L.Bolus = S. emarcidum S. joubertii L.Bolus (1)
archeri L.Bolus = S. rigidum S. namaquense L.Bolus var. namaquense (1)
S. namaquense L.Bolus var. subglobosum L.Bolus (1)
boreale L.Bolus = S. tortuosum S. ovatum L.Bolus (1)
compactum L.Bolus = S. tortuosum S. tugwelliae L.Bolus (1)
Tetracoilanthus concavus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name (1)
concavum (Haw.) Schwantes = S. tortuosum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 500–950 m.
crassicaule (Haw.) L.Bolus NC, WC, EC
Mesembryanthemum crassicaule Haw. (1)
Pentacoilanthus crassicaulis (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid tugwelliae L.Bolus = S. tortuosum
name (1) varians (Haw.) Gerbaulet
S. albanense L.Bolus (1) Mesembryanthemum varians Haw. (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt 50–950 m. S. subvelutinum L.Bolus forma luxurians L.Bolus (1)
WC, EC S. subvelutinum L.Bolus forma subvelutinum (1)
dejagerae L.Bolus = S. emarcidum
WC
emarcidum (Thunb.) L.Bolus ex H.Jacobsen
Mesembryanthemum anatomicum Haw. var. anatomicum (1) SCHLECHTERANTHUS 2405110
Mesembryanthemum anatomicum Haw. var. emarcidum (Thunb.)
DC. (1) Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum anatomicum Haw. var. fragile Haw. (1) (1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
Mesembryanthemum emarcidum Thunb. (1) ceae, F–Z: 290, 291.
S. anatomicum (Haw.) L.Bolus (1) hallii L.Bolus
S. dejagerae L.Bolus (1)
Tetracoilanthus anatomicus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 350–1200 m.
name (1) NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 700–1300 m. maximiliani Schwantes
NC, WC, EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 350–1000 m.
exalatum Gerbaulet NC
m. NC SCHONLANDIA L.Bolus 2405159
expansum (L.) L.Bolus lehmannii (Eckl. & Zeyh.) L.Bolus = Corpuscularia
Mesembryanthemum expansum L. (1) lehmannii
Pentacoilanthus expansus (L.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name
(1) SCHWANTESIA Dinter 2405111
S. regium L.Bolus (1) (1) Zimmerman. 1996. Cactus and Succulent Journal (US) 68: 257–266.
WC ceae, F–Z: 291–294.
framesii L.Bolus = S. tortuosum acutipetala L.Bolus
gracile L.Bolus = S. tortuosum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 800–1000 m.
N, NC
joubertii L.Bolus = S. tortuosum
australis L.Bolus = S. ruedebuschii
namaquense L.Bolus var. namaquense = S. tortuosum
borcherdsii L.Bolus
namaquense L.Bolus var. subglobosum L.Bolus = S. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 700–950 m.
tortuosum NC
ovatum L.Bolus = S. tortuosum constanceae N.Zimm.
regium L.Bolus = S. expansum Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 800–980 m.
rigidum L.Bolus N
S. archeri L.Bolus (1) herrei L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 550–950 m. S. herrei L.Bolus var. herrei forma major G.D.Rowley (2)
WC S. herrei L.Bolus var. minor L.Bolus (2)
strictum L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 650–980 m.
m. WC herrei L.Bolus var. herrei forma major G.D.Rowley = S.
subvelutinum L.Bolus forma luxurians L.Bolus = S. herrei
varians herrei L.Bolus var. minor L.Bolus = S. herrei
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Saphesia DICOTYLEDONS

loeschiana Tischer SPHALMANTHUS N.E.Br. 2405116

Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 10–150 m. N
abbreviatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
marlothii L.Bolus bolus abbreviatus
NC acocksii L.Bolus = Phyllobolus saturatus
pillansii L.Bolus acuminatus (Haw.) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 700–1050 subsp. splendens
m. NC albertensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
ruedebuschii Dinter bolus pumilus
S. australis L.Bolus (2) albicaulis (Haw.) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 900–1150 m. splendens
N, NC anguineus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
speciosa L.Bolus bolus oculatus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 540–780 m. arenicolus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
NC bolus oculatus
succumbens (Dinter) Dinter in H.Jacobsen auratus (Sond.) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 800–1050 m. nitidus
N
baylissii L.Bolus = Phyllobolus saturatus
triebneri L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 1000–1160 bijliae (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
m. NC splendens
blandus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus
SCOPELOGENA L.Bolus 2405112 splendens subsp. splendens
(1) Klak. 2000. Bothalia 30: 35–42. brevisepalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. brevisepalus,
ceae, F–Z: 294, 295. invalid name = Phyllobolus spinuliferus
bruynsii Klak calycinus L.Bolus = Phyllobolus canaliculatus
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 800–2000 m. NC, canaliculatus (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus canalicu-
WC latus
gracilis L.Bolus = S. verruculata carneus (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus spinuliferus
verruculata (L.) L.Bolus caudatus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus caudatus
Lampranthus verruculatus (L.) L.Bolus (1)
Mesembryanthemum verruculatum L. (1)
celans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus
Ruschia scopelogena G.D.Rowley (1) splendens subsp. splendens
Ruschia verruculata (L.) G.D.Rowley (1) commutatus (A.Berger) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus grossus
S. gracilis L.Bolus (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–0.6 m. Alt 100–1000 m. WC congestus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
bolus congestus
SEMNANTHE N.E.Br. 2405113 constrictus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
lacera (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. densipetala L.Bolus = Erepsia bolus splendens subsp. splendens
lacera crassus L.Bolus = Phyllobolus prasinus
lacera (Haw.) N.E.Br. var. lacera = Erepsia lacera deciduus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus deciduus
decurvatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
SINEOPERCULUM Van Jaarsv. 2405128 bolus decurvatus
rourkei (L.Bolus) Van Jaarsv. = Dorotheanthus rourkei decussatus (Thunb.) L.Bolus = Aptenia geniculiflora
defoliatus (Haw.) L.Bolus = Aridaria noctiflora subsp.
SKIATOPHYTUM L.Bolus 2405114 defoliata
ceae, F–Z: 301. delus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus
tripolium (L.) L.Bolus delus
Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 100–600 m. dinteri (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus
WC melanospermus
dyeri (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus
SMICROSTIGMA N.E.Br. 2405115 splendens subsp. splendens
(2) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74. englishiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Prenia
(3) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- englishiae
ceae, F–Z: 302. flexuosus (Haw.) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
viride (Haw.) N.E.Br. splendens
Erepsia viridis L.Bolus (3)
Ruschia integra Schwantes (2) fourcadei (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 250–1300 m. bolus splendens subsp. splendens
WC fragilis N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus oculatus
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Schwantesia

framesii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus plenifolius (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
spinuliferus bolus splendens subsp. splendens
geniculiflorus (L.) L.Bolus = Aptenia geniculiflora pomonae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
glanduliferus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- bolus oculatus
bolus sinuosus praecox L.Bolus = Phyllobolus sinuosus
godmaniae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- prasinus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
bolus sinuosus bolus prasinus
gratiae (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus primulinus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
grossus bolus splendens subsp. splendens
grossus (Aiton) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus grossus pumulis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus
gydouwensis L.Bolus = Phyllobolus grossus pumilus
hallii L.Bolus = Phyllobolus delus quarternus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyll-
bolus spinuliferus
herbertii N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus herbertii
quarziticus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
herrei L.Bolus = Phyllobolus prasinus bolus quartziticus
humilis L.Bolus = Phyllobolus herbertii rabiei (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus rabiei
latipetalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- rabiesbergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
bolus latipetalus bolus splendens subsp. splendens
laxipetalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- radicans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Prenia
bolus grossus radicans
laxus (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus decurvatus recurvus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
leipoldtii L.Bolus = Phyllobolus grossus bolus sinuosus
leptopetalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- reflexus (Haw.) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp.
bolus splendens subsp. splendens splendens
lignescens L.Bolus = Phyllobolus lignescens rejuvenalis L.Bolus = Phyllobolus spinuliferus
ligneus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus resurgens (Kensit) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus resurgens
melanospermus rhodandrus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
littlewoodii L.Bolus = Phyllobolus nitidus bolus nitidus
longipapillatus L.Bolus = Phyllobolus oculatus roseus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus
longispinulus (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus grossus splendens subsp. splendens
longitubus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- salmoneus (Haw.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus canaliculatus
bolus tenuiflorus saturatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
macrosiphon (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- bolus saturatus
bolus tenuiflorus scintillans (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes = Phyllobolus
melanospermus Dinter & Schwantes = Phyllobolus oculatus
melanospermus sinuosus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
micans L.Bolus = Phyllobolus resurgens bolus sinuosus
nanus L.Bolus = Phyllobolus tenuiflorus spinuliferus (Haw.) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus spinuliferus
nitidus (Haw.) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus nitidus splendens (L.) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus
nothus (N.E.Br.) Schwantes = Phyllobolus splendens splendens subsp. splendens
subsp. splendens stayneri L.Bolus = Phyllobolus delus
obtusus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus straminicolor (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
decurvatus bolus sinuosus
oculatus (N.E.Br.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus oculatus striatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus
olivaceus (Schltr. & A.Berger) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. splendens
tenuiflorus strictus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus
oubergensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- spinuliferus
bolus pumilus suaveolens (L.Bolus) H.Jacobsen = Phyllobolus lignescens
pentagonus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. occidentalis (L.Bolus) subaequans (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus splendens bolus splendens subsp. pentagonus
subsp. pentagonus
subpatens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo-
pentagonus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. pentagonus, invalid bolus splendens subsp. pentagonus
name = Phyllobolus splendens subsp. penta-
gonus subpetiolatus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus grossus
platysepalus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- suffusus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Prenia
bolus grossus tetragona
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Sphalmanthus DICOTYLEDONS

sulcatus (Haw.) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus splendens Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 2.5 m. Alt 300–1300 m.
subsp. splendens N, NC, WC
tenuiflorus (Jacq.) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus tenuiflorus gigas (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes
Mesembryanthemum gigas Dinter (5)
tetragonus (Thunb.) L.Bolus, invalid name = Prenia Ruschianthemum gigas (Dinter) Friedrich (5)
tetragona Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 150–600 m. N,
tetramerus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. parviflorus (L.Bolus) NC
L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus trichoto- hallii L.Bolus = Lampranthus amphibolius
mus
littlewoodii L.Bolus = Lampranthus mutatus
tetramerus (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. tetramerus, invalid
name = Phyllobolus trichotomus porphyrea H.E.K.Hartmann = S. arborea
trichotomus (Thunb.) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- rupis-arcuatae (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes = Amphi-
bolus trichotomus bolia rupis-arcuatae
umbelliflorus (Jacq.) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- utilis (L.Bolus) Van Jaarsv.
bolus splendens subsp. splendens Mesembryanthemum utile L.Bolus (1)
Ruschia utilis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. giftbergensis L.Bolus (4)
vanheerdei L.Bolus = Phyllobolus roseus Ruschia utilis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus var. utilis (1)
varians (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = Phyllobolus oculatus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 2 m. Alt 50–1000 m. N,
vernalis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllobolus NC, WC
splendens subsp. splendens
STOMATIUM Schwantes 2405119
viridiflorus (Aiton) N.E.Br. = Phyllobolus viridiflorus (1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 265.
watermeyeri (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
bolus spinuliferus ceae, F–Z: 308–314.
willowmorensis (L.Bolus) L.Bolus, invalid name = Phyllo- acutifolium L.Bolus

bolus grossus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 800–1000
m. WC
STAYNERIA L.Bolus 2405117 agninum (Haw.) Schwantes
(1) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74. S. agninum (Haw.) Schwantes var. integrifolium (Salm-Dyck) Volk (2)
(2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 900–1500
ceae, F–Z: 304. m. EC
neilii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus agninum (Haw.) Schwantes var. integrifolium (Salm-
Ruschia neilii L.Bolus (1)
Dyck) Volk = S. agninum
WC alboroseum L.Bolus
S. niveum L.Bolus (2)
STOEBERIA Dinter & Schwantes 2405118 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 200–1150
(1) Van Jaarsveld. 1994. Aloe 31: 68–76. m. NC, WC
(2) Hartmann. 1996. Bradleya 14: 29–56. angustifolium L.Bolus
(3) Hartmann. 1999. Bradleya 17: 38–74. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 900–1300
ceae, F–Z: 305–308.
m. WC, EC
(5) Chesselet. 2002. Bothalia 32: 187–190. beaufortense L.Bolus
apetala L.Bolus = S. beetzii Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 800–1100
m. WC
arborea Van Jaarsv.
S. porphyrea H.E.K.Hartmann (1) bolusiae Schwantes
Perennial. Succulent tree. Ht 2–3.5 m. Alt 50–1000 m. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1200–1500
N, NC, WC m. FS, EC
beetzii (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes braunsii L.Bolus
Mesembryanthemum beetzii Dinter (4) Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? WC
Ruschia bicolorata L.Bolus (3)
Ruschia translucens L.Bolus (5) bryantii L.Bolus
S. apetala L.Bolus (1) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 980–1300
S. beetzii (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes var. arborescens Friedrich (1) m. NC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.4–0.6 m. Alt 20–150 m. N,
deficiens L.Bolus
NC
beetzii (Dinter) Dinter & Schwantes var. arborescens m. EC
Friedrich = S. beetzii
difforme L.Bolus
carpii Friedrich Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 800–1100
Jensenobotrya vanheerdei L.Bolus (1) m. WC
NC duthiae L.Bolus
frutescens (L.Bolus) Van Jaarsv. m. EC
Mesembryanthemum frutescens L.Bolus (1)
Ruschia frutescens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1) ermininum (Haw.) Schwantes
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Sphalmanthus

Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’ ronaldii L.Bolus

fulleri L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 1400–1800
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt 950–1050 m. EC
m. NC rouxii L.Bolus
geoffreyi L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1250–1750
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.02 m. Alt ± 2700 m. m. NC
EC ryderae L.Bolus
gerstneri L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1400–1800
m. EC suaveolens Schwantes
grandidens L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1200–1750
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’ m. NC
integrum L.Bolus suricatinum L.Bolus
m. EC m. WC
jamesii L.Bolus trifarium L.Bolus
m. EC m. NC
latifolium L.Bolus villetii L.Bolus
m. NC m. WC
lesliei (Schwantes) Volk viride L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’ Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 800–1100
m. WC
leve L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 900–1500 SYNAPTOPHYLLUM N.E.Br. 2405120
m. EC (1) Gerbaulet. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent
loganii L.Bolus plants. Aizoaceae, F–Z: 314.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 800–1100 m. juttae (Dinter & A.Berger) N.E.Br.
WC Annual. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 50–500 m. N
meyeri L.Bolus sladenianum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = Prenia sladeniana
NC TANQUANA H.E.K.Hartmann 2405160
middelburgense L.Bolus & Liede
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1150–1900 (1) Hartmann & Liede. 1986. Botanische Jahrbücher 106: 433−485.
m. EC ceae, F–Z: 315.
murinum (Haw.) Schwantes archeri (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 1300–1500 Pleiospilos archeri L.Bolus (1)
m. NC Pleiospilos clavatus L.Bolus (1)
musculinum Schwantes = Chasmatophyllum musculi- Pleiospilos loganii L.Bolus (1)
num Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 300–600 m.
WC
mustelinum (Salm-Dyck) Schwantes
S. pyrodorum (Diels) L.Bolus (2) hilmarii (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 900–1200 Pleiospilos hilmarii L.Bolus (1)
m. NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 300–600 m.
niveum L.Bolus = S. alboroseum WC
patulum H.Jacobsen prismatica (Schwantes) H.E.K.Hartmann & Liede
Mesembryanthemum prismaticum Marloth ex Schwantes (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’ Mesembryanthemum roodiae N.E.Br. (1)
paucidens L.Bolus Pleiospilos prismaticus (Schwantes) Schwantes (1)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’ Pleiospilos roodiae (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (1)
Punctillaria roodiae N.E.Br. (2)
peersii L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt 300–600 m.
m. NC
pluridens L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 900–1100 m. TETRACOILANTHUS Rappa & 2405182
NC Camarrone
pyrodorum (Diels) L.Bolus = S. mustelinum anatomicus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name =
resedolens L.Bolus Sceletium emarcidum
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.03 m. Alt 1500–1750 concavus (Haw.) Rappa & Camarrone, invalid name =
m. NC Sceletium tortuosum
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Stomatium DICOTYLEDONS

TITANOPSIS Schwantes 2405121 densum (Haw.) Schwantes

(1) Hammer. 1990. Aloe 27: 10–13. Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 900–1400 m.
(2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- EC
ceae, F–Z: 328–330. echinatum L.Bolus = Delosperma echinatum
calcarea (Marloth) Schwantes emarginatum L.Bolus
T. fulleri Tischer (2)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.035 m. Alt? ‘CP’
m. NW, FS, NC fergusoniae L.Bolus
fulleri Tischer = T. calcarea WC
hugo-schlechteri (Tischer) Dinter & Schwantes fourcadei L.Bolus
T. hugo-schlechteri (Tischer) Dinter & Schwantes var. alboviridis
Dinter (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.08–0.11 m. Alt 50–400 m.
Distr.? gracile L.Bolus
T. gracile L.Bolus var. piliferum L.Bolus (3)
hugo-schlechteri (Tischer) Dinter & Schwantes var. T. gracile L.Bolus var. setiferum L.Bolus (3)
alboviridis Dinter = T. hugo-schlechteri Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 150–350 m.
luckhoffii L.Bolus = Aloinopsis luckhoffii WC
luederitzii Tischer = T. schwantesii gracile L.Bolus var. piliferum L.Bolus = T. gracile
primosii L.Bolus = T. schwantesii gracile L.Bolus var. setiferum L.Bolus = T. gracile
schwantesii (Dinter) Schwantes hallii L.Bolus
T. luederitzii Tischer (2) Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.06 m. Alt 560–1020
T. primosii L.Bolus (2) m. WC
hirsutum (Haw.) Stearn
m. N
Perennial. Succulent. Ht? Alt? ‘CP’
imitans L.Bolus
TRICHOCYCLUS N.E.Br. 2405203 Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.33 m. Alt? ‘CP’
ciliatus N.E.Br. = Brownanthus ciliatus subsp. ciliatus inornatum L.Bolus = Drosanthemum inornatum
pubescens N.E.Br. ex C.A.Maass = Brownanthus intonsum (Haw.) Schwantes
pubescens Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 20–150 m.
EC
TRICHODIADEMA Schwantes 2405122 introrsum (Haw. ex Hook.f.) Niesler
(1) Bolus. 1962. The Flowering Plants of Africa 35: t. 1367. Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.25 m. Alt 50–170 m.
(2) Niesler. 1997. Bradleya 15: 13–27. EC
(3) Niesler. 2001. In Hartmann, Illustrated handbook of succulent
littlewoodii L.Bolus
T. littlewoodii L.Bolus forma alba L.Bolus (3)
attonsum (L.Bolus) Schwantes Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.19–0.25 m. Alt 890–1050
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt 300–1200 m. m. N, NC
WC littlewoodii L.Bolus forma alba L.Bolus = T. little-
aureum L.Bolus woodii
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.12–0.13 m. Alt 890–1400 marlothii L.Bolus
m. EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.04 m. Alt 190–380 m.
barbatum (L.) Schwantes WC
T. stellatum (Mill.) Schwantes (2)
T. stelligerum (Haw.) Schwantes (2)
mirabile (N.E.Br.) Schwantes
T. mirabile (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. leptum L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt 250–1500 Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.025–0.08 m. Alt 750–1200
m. EC m. WC
bulbosum (Haw.) Schwantes mirabile (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. leptum L.Bolus = T.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 50–850 m. mirabile
EC
obliquum L.Bolus
burgeri L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.11 m. Alt 800–1500
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.02–0.06 m. Alt 400–950 m. m. WC
WC occidentale L.Bolus
calvatum L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.022 m. Alt 50–365 m.
WC olivaceum L.Bolus
concinnum L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.11 m. Alt 100–930 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.035–0.13 m. Alt 100–300 EC
m. EC orientale L.Bolus
decorum (N.E.Br.) Stearn ex H.Jacobsen Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.065–0.1 m. Alt 50–1200 m.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.18 m. Alt 250–816 m. EC EC
DICOTYLEDONS MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Titanopsis

peersii L.Bolus roodiae (N.E.Br.) L.Bolus ex H.E.K.Hartmann

Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.07–0.09 m. Alt 800–1400 V. angusta (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
V. divergens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
m. EC
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.6 m, when in flower.
pomeridianum L.Bolus Alt 800–1100 m. NC
N, NW, FS, NC, WC, EC VANZIJLIA L.Bolus 2405124
pygmaeum L.Bolus (1) Phillips. 1927. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 7: t. 262.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.01–0.03 m. Alt 20–250 m. (2) Hartmann. 1983. Botanische Jahrbücher 103: 499–538.
WC ceae, F–Z: 348, 349.
rogersiae L.Bolus angustipetala (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. = V. annulata
m. EC annulata (A.Berger) L.Bolus
V. angustipetala (L.Bolus) N.E.Br. (2)
rupicola L.Bolus Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 20–350 m.
EC
rostella L.Bolus = Cephalophyllum rostellum
ryderae L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.08 m. Alt 600–1400 VLOKIA S.A.Hammer 2405185
m. EC (1) Hammer. 1994. Cactus and Succulent Journal (US) 66: 256.
setuliferum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
T. setuliferum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. niveum L.Bolus (3) ceae, F–Z: 350.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.23 m. Alt 150–1100 ater S.A.Hammer
m. EC Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt 1200–1350 m.
setuliferum (N.E.Br.) Schwantes var. niveum L.Bolus = WC
T. setuliferum
stayneri L.Bolus WOOLEYA L.Bolus 2405125
Perennial. Succulent. Ht 0.04–0.06 m. Alt 50–500 m. (1) Bolus. 1960. Journal of South African Botany 27: 47–63.
EC (2) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa-
ceae, F–Z: 351.
stellatum (Mill.) Schwantes = T. barbatum
farinosa (L.Bolus) L.Bolus
stelligerum (Haw.) Schwantes = T. barbatum Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.7 m. Alt up to 100 m. NC
strumosum (Haw.) L.Bolus
Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.05 m. Alt? ‘CP’ ZEUKTOPHYLLUM N.E.Br. 2405126
tenue L.Bolus = Delosperma neethlingiae (1) Hartmann. 1998. Bradleya 16: 44−91.
VANHEERDEA L.Bolus ex 2405123 ceae, F–Z: 354.
H.E.K.Hartmann calycinum (L.Bolus) H.E.K.Hartmann
(1) Hartmann. 2001. Illustrated handbook of succulent plants. Aizoa- Mesembryanthemum separatum N.E.Br. (1)
ceae, F–Z: 347, 348. Octopoma calycinum (L.Bolus) L.Bolus (1)
Ruschia calycina L.Bolus (1)
angusta (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = V. roodiae Perennial. Succulent. Ht up to 0.09 m. Alt 700–850 m.
divergens (L.Bolus) L.Bolus = V. roodiae WC
primosii (L.Bolus) L.Bolus ex H.E.K.Hartmann suppositum (L.Bolus) N.E.Br.
Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.03 m. Alt 900–1000 m. Mesembryanthemum suppositum L.Bolus (1)
NC Perennial. Succulent. Ht ± 0.2 m. Alt 550–850 m. WC
MOLLUGINACEAE
ADENOGRAMMA Rchb. 2374000 Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt? WC

(1) Adamson. 1955. Journal of South African Botany 21: 83−90. diffusa Fenzl = A. lichtensteiniana
(2) Adamson. 1957. Journal of South African Botany 23: 13.
(3) Friedrich. 1966. FSWA 26: 3. dregeana Gand. = A. physocalyx
asparagoides Adamson = A. teretifolia galioides Fenzl = A. glomerata
capillaris (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Druce glomerata (L.f.) Druce
A. lampocarpa E.Mey. ex Fenzl (1) A. galioides Fenzl (3)
Steudelia capillaris Eckl. & Zeyh. (1) Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 15–1350 m. NC, WC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt up to 549 lampocarpa E.Mey. ex Fenzl = A. capillaris
m. WC lichtensteiniana (Schult.) Druce
congesta Adamson A. diffusa Fenzl (1)
MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Trichodiadema DICOTYLEDONS

Mollugo lichtensteiniana Ser. (1) lotoides L. var. virens Fenzl

Pharnaceum lichtensteinianum Schult. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ± 135 m. N, B,
Steudelia diffusa Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
LIM, KZN
Annual. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 100–765 m.
WC oppositifolius (L.) DC. var. oppositifolius
Mollugo serrulata Sond. (2)
littoralis Adamson Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 3–1435 m. N, B,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt ± 915 m. WC LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
mollugo Rchb.f.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 90–960 m. WC HYPERTELIS E.Mey. ex Fenzl 2390000
physocalyx Fenzl (1) Adamson. 1958. Journal of South African Botany 24: 51−65.
A. dregeana Gand. (1) (2) Friedrich. 1966. FSWA 26: 7−9.
(3) Gonçalves. 1978. FZ 4,1: 546−548.
rigida (Bartl.) Sond. angrae-pequenae Friedrich
Pharnaceum rigidum Bartl. (1) Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1−0.2 m. Alt? N, NC, WC
Psammotropha rigida Fenzl (1) arenicola Sond.
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt? WC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.12 m. Alt up to 640 m. NW,
sylvatica (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Fenzl WC, EC
Steudelia sylvatica Eckl. & Zeyh. (1)
Steudelia viridis Gand. (1) bowkeriana Sond.
Mollugo suffruticosa Peter (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1−1 m. Alt 120–1645 m. WC,
EC Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. Alt 30–1340 m. N,
B, LIM, NW, FS, NC, EC
teretifolia (Thunb.) Adamson
A. asparagoides Adamson (2) caespitosa Friedrich
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt ± 670 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.06 m. Alt ± 1370 m. N, FS
NC salsoloides (Burch.) Adamson var. salsoloides
Pharnaceum salsoloides Burch. (2)
BLEPHAROLEPIS Nees 2375010 Pharnaceum verrucosum Eckl. & Zeyh. (2)
eckloniana Nees = Polpoda capensis
m. N, LIM, NW, G, S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
COELANTHUM E.Mey. ex Fenzl 2391000 spergulacea E.Mey. ex Fenzl
Mollugo linearis of author, not of Ser. emended DC., concept
invalid (2)
(2) Friedrich. 1966. FSWA 26: 3.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 100–600 m. N, NC
grandiflorum E.Mey. ex Fenzl
Pharnaceum longearistatum Dinter (2) trachysperma Adamson
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt 45–365 m. N, NC, WC Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.02 m. Alt? NC, WC
semiquinquefidum (Hook.f.) Druce
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.15 m. Alt up to 914 m. WC LIMEUM L. 2376000
verticillatum Adamson München 2: 134–166.
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.15 m. Alt ± 40 m. WC (2) Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk. 1962. Medicinal and poisonous plants
of southern and eastern Africa: 834.
CORBICHONIA Scop. 2393000 (3) Friedrich. 1966. FSWA 26: 9−15.
(1) Adamson. 1958. Journal of South African Botany 24: 67−69. (4) Smith et al. 1966. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South
(2) Jeffrey. 1960. Kew Bulletin 14: 35. Africa No. 35: 557, 620.
(3) Watt & Breyer-Brandwijk. 1962. Medicinal and poisonous plants (5) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No.
of southern and eastern Africa: 7. 39: 161.
(4) Friedrich. 1966. FSWA 26: 4. (6) Goncalves. 1978. FZ 4,1: 525−533.
decumbens (Forssk.) Exell tropicale 1: 87, 88.
Orygia decumbens Forssk. (3)
aethiopicum Burm. subsp. aethiopicum var. aethio-
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.5 m. Alt 60–1465 picum
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC L. capense Thunb. (3)
rubriviolacea (Friedrich) Jeffrey Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.45 m. Alt 365–
Orygia rubriviolacea Friedrich (4) 1980 m. B, NW, G, FS, NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.05 m. Alt? N, LIM aethiopicum Burm. subsp. aethiopicum var. fluviale
GLINUS L. 2388000 (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Friedrich
(2) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 1175 m. L, WC, EC
39: 161. aethiopicum Burm. subsp. aethiopicum var. inter-
(3) Gonçalves. 1978. FZ 4,4: 537−541. medium Friedrich
bainesii (Oliv.) Pax Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.2–0.4 m. Alt 365–
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.5 m. Alt 450–896 1220 m. FS, NC, WC, EC
m. B, LIM aethiopicum Burm. subsp. namaense Friedrich var.
*lotoides L. var. lotoides lanceolatum Friedrich
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 30–1250 m. N, B, Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.08–0.4 m. Alt 165–
LIM, NW, FS, KZN, NC, WC 1090 m. N, NC, WC
DICOTYLEDONS MOLLUGINACEAE Adenogramma

aethiopicum Burm. subsp. namaense Friedrich var. pauciflorum Moq.

namaense Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt ± 1800 m. LIM,
L. aethiopicum Burm. var. glabrum Moq. (3) NW, G, M, FS
L. capense of author, not of Thunb., concept invalid (3)
L. suffruticosum G.Schellenb. (4) pseudomyosotis G.Schellenb. = L. myosotis var. con-
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.15–0.25 m. Alt fusum
915–2000 m. N, B, NC pterocarpum (J.Gay) Heimerl var. apterum Friedrich
aethiopicum Burm. var. glabrum Moq. = L. aethio- Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt? N
picum subsp. namaense var. namaense pterocarpum (J.Gay) Heimerl var. pterocarpum
L. neglectum Dinter (4)
aethiopicum Burtt Davy = L. argute-carinatum var.
argute-carinatum Annual. Herb. Ht 0.07–0.6 m. Alt 441–1340 m. N, B,
LIM, FS, NC
africanum L. subsp. africanum
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.13–0.16 m. Alt 5– rhombifolium G.Schellenb.
1350 m. B, M, NC, WC Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt ± 915 m. N, NC
africanum L. subsp. canescens (E.Mey. ex Fenzl) subnudum Friedrich
Friedrich Perennial. Herb. Ht? Alt? NC
Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 550– suffruticosum G.Schellenb. = L. aethiopicum subsp.
1370 m. NC, WC namaense var. namaense
arenicolum G.Schellenb. sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. var. gracile Friedrich
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 855–1220 m. N, B, NW, Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.21 m. Alt
G, FS, NC 440–1370 m. N, B, LIM, FS, NC
argute-carinatum Wawra ex Wawra & Peyr. var. sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. var. robustum Friedrich
argute-carinatum Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt? N, B, LIM, FS,
L. aethiopicum Burtt Davy (4) KZN, NC
L. viscosum Burtt Davy (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 500–1405 m. N, B, NW, sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. var. scabridum (Klotzsch)
FS, KZN, NC, WC Friedrich
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.7 m. Alt ± 915 m. N, LIM,
capense of author, not of Thunb., concept invalid = L. NW, G, M, FS, NC
aethiopicum subsp. namaense var. namaense
sulcatum (Klotzsch) Hutch. var. sulcatum
capense Thunb. = L. aethiopicum subsp. aethiopicum Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.6 m. Alt 60–2105 m. N, B,
var. aethiopicum LIM, NW, G, M, FS, NC
deserticolum Dinter & G.Schellenb. telephioides E.Mey. ex Fenzl var. schlechteri
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt up to 610 (G.Schellenb.) Friedrich
m. N, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.3 m. Alt? WC
dinteri G.Schellenb. telephioides E.Mey. ex Fenzl var. telephioides
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.5 m. Alt 610–2000 m. N, Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt 18–610 m.
LIM, FS, NC, WC NC, WC, EC
fenestratum (Fenzl) Heimerl var. fenestratum viscosum Burtt Davy = L. argute-carinatum var.
Semonvillea fenestrata Fenzl (5)
argute-carinatum
LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. nummulifolium
(H.Walter) Friedrich
fenestratum (Fenzl) Heimerl var. frutescens (Dinter) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.3 m. Alt ± 1360 m. N, NW,
Friedrich NC
viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. transvaalense Friedrich
glomeratum Eckl. & Zeyh. = L. viscosum subsp. visco- Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt ± 1620 m. LIM,
sum var. glomeratum NW, G, M, NC
humifusum Friedrich viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. viscosum var. dubium
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt up to 2440 Friedrich
m. B, L, NC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.22 m. Alt ± 950 m. B, LIM, M
myosotis H.Walter var. confusum Friedrich
L. pseudomyosotis G.Schellenb. (4) viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. viscosum var. glomera-
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 640–1275 m. N, B, tum (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Friedrich
L. glomeratum Eckl. & Zeyh. (4)
NC L. viscosum Sond. (5)
myosotis H.Walter var. myosotis L. viscosum Sond. var. kotschyi Burtt Davy (4)
Annual. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt 700–1350 m. N, B, NC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.3 m. Alt 55–2400 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC
myosotis H.Walter var. rotundifolia Friedrich
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? N viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. viscosum var. kraussii
Friedrich
natalense G.Schellenb. = L. viscosum subsp. viscosum L. natalense G.Schellenb. (6)
var. kraussii Annual. Herb. Ht 0.25–0.3 m. Alt 5–305 m. B, LIM,
neglectum Dinter = L. pterocarpum var. pterocarpum NW, G, M, S, KZN, NC
MOLLUGINACEAE Limeum DICOTYLEDONS

viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. viscosum var. macro- alpinum Adamson

carpum Friedrich Perennial. Herb. Ht ± 0.3 m. Alt ± 2955 m. EC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt ± 1220 m. N, B, NW, aurantium (DC.) Druce
FS, NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.8 m. Alt 60–1525 m.
viscosum (J.Gay) Fenzl subsp. viscosum var. viscosum NC, WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.08–0.8 m. Alt 200–1675 m. N, brevicaule (DC.) Bartl.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, L P. merxmuelleri Friedrich (5)
viscosum Sond. = L. viscosum subsp. viscosum var. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.05 m. Alt 61–2337 m. N,
glomeratum B, NW, FS, L, NC, WC
viscosum Sond. var. kotschyi Burtt Davy = L. viscosum ciliare Adamson
subsp. viscosum var. glomeratum Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt ± 1370 m.
WC, EC
MOLLUGO L. 2387000 confertum (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. brachyphyllum
(1) Candolle. 1824. Prodromus 1: 391−393. Adamson
(2) Fenzl. 1836. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museum, Wien 1: 379. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt? N, NC,
(3) Adamson. 1958. Journal of South African Botany 24: 13−18. WC
(4) Friedrich. 1966. FSWA 26: 15−17.
(5) Gonçalves. 1978. FZ 4,1: 541−544. confertum (DC.) Eckl. & Zeyh. var. confertum
cerviana (L.) Ser. ex DC. var. cerviana Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 10–840 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 400–2400 m. N, B, N, NC, WC
LIM, NW, G, FS, L, NC, WC cordifolium L.
cerviana (L.) Ser. ex DC. var. spathulifolia Fenzl Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 2–30 m. WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt? LIM croceum E.Mey. ex Fenzl
cerviana (L.) Ser. ex DC. var. walteri (Friedrich) Annual, occ. perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 130–
Adamson = M. walteri 1220 m. N, NW, NC
lichtensteiniana Ser. = Adenogramma lichtensteiniana detonsum Fenzl
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.02 m. Alt ± 1920 m. FS, L,
linearis of author, not of Ser. emended DC., concept NC, WC, EC
invalid = Hypertelis spergulacea
dichotomum L.f.
namaquensis Bolus Perennial. Dwarf shrub, herb. Ht 0.1–0.35 m. Alt 5–
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.04 m. Alt ± 915 m. WC 2815 m. N, NW, G, FS, L, NC, WC, EC
*nudicaulis Lam.
distichum in sense of Thunb., not of L. = P. thunbergii
LIM, NW, S, KZN elongatum (DC.) Adamson
pusilla (Schltr.) Adamson Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.03−0.25 m. Alt 10–820
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.1 m. Alt? N, NC m. NC, WC, EC
serrulata Sond. = Glinus oppositifolius var. oppositi- exiguum Adamson
folius Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03−0.3 m. Alt 40–460 m. NC, WC,
EC
suffruticosa Peter = Hypertelis bowkeriana
fluviale Eckl. & Zeyh.
tenella Bolus Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 70–789 m. NC,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.4 m. Alt 130–945 m. NC WC, EC
walteri Friedrich gracile Fenzl
M. cerviana (L.) Ser. ex DC. var. walteri (Friedrich) Adamson (4)
incanum L.
ORYGIA Forssk. 2393010 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.02–0.2 m. Alt 4–1066 m.
NC, WC
decumbens Forssk. = Corbichonia decumbens
lanatum Bartl.
rubriviolacea Friedrich = Corbichonia rubriviolacea Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.7 m. Alt 15–1060
m. NC, WC
PHARNACEUM L. 2389000
lanatum of author, not of Bartl.; Dinter, concept invalid
(1) Ecklon & Zeyher. 1836. Enumeratio plantarum: 285, 286.
(2) Harvey & Sonder. 1860. FC 1: 138−144. = P. albens
(3) Oliver. 1871. FTA 2: 592. lichtensteinianum Schult. = Adenogramma lichten-
(4) Adamson. 1955. Journal of South African Botany 21: 83. steiniana
(5) Friedrich. 1966. FSWA 26: 17−20.
(6) Ross. 1972. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. lineare L.f.
39: 57–99. Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 30–915 m. WC
(7) Gonçalves. 1978. FZ 4,1: 544−546.
longearistatum Dinter = Coelanthum grandiflorum
albens L.f.
P. lanatum of author, not of Bartl.; Dinter, concept invalid (5) merxmuelleri Friedrich = P. brevicaule
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.2–0.5 m. Alt 425–1124 microphyllum L.f. var. albens Adamson
m. N, NC, WC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt? WC
DICOTYLEDONS MOLLUGINACEAE Limeum

microphyllum L.f. var. microphyllum frigida Schltr.

Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.5 m. Alt ± 760 m. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.1 m. Alt ± 2100 m. WC,
NC, WC EC
mucronatum Thunb. = Psammotropha mucronata var. marginata (Thunb.) Druce
mucronata Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–0.15 m. Alt ± 85 m. NC
rigidum Bartl. = Adenogramma rigida mucronata (Thunb.) Fenzl var. foliosa Adamson
rubens Adamson Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.25 m. Alt 155–3000 m.
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt? WC LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
salsoloides Burch. = Hypertelis salsoloides var. salso- mucronata (Thunb.) Fenzl var. marginata Adamson
loides Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.04–0.06 m. Alt 92–2875 m. FS,
L, EC
scleranthoides Sond. = Suessenguthiella scleran-
thoides mucronata (Thunb.) Fenzl var. mucronata
Pharnaceum mucronatum Thunb. (2)
serpyllifolium L.f. P. androsacea Fenzl (2)
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt ± 1770 m. WC P. androsacea Fenzl var. enervis Fenzl (2)
subtile E.Mey. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.05–0.5 m. Alt 30–2940 m. LIM,
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.08 m. Alt? NC NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
thunbergii Adamson myriantha Sond.
P. breviscapa Burtt Davy (1)
P. distichum in sense of Thunb., not of L. (6)
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 0.6 m. Alt 5–45 m. KZN, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.01–0.08 m. Alt 30–2416 m.
NC, WC, EC LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
trigonum Eckl. & Zeyh. obovata Adamson
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1−0.2 m. Alt? KZN
155–1980 m. FS, L, WC, EC obtusa Adamson
verrucosum Eckl. & Zeyh. = Hypertelis salsoloides var. Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 2897–3485 m.
salsoloides KZN, L, NC
viride Adamson quadrangularis (L.f.) Fenzl
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt? NC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.3 m. Alt 105–2200
m. NC, WC
POLPODA C.Presl 2375000 rigida Fenzl = Adenogramma rigida
spicata Adamson
capensis C.Presl Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.25 m. Alt ± 670 m.
Blepharolepis eckloniana Nees (1) NC, WC
WC stipulacea F.M.Leight. = Polpoda stipulacea
stipulacea (F.M.Leight.) Adamson SEMONVILLEA Heimerl 2376010
Psammotropha stipulacea F.M.Leight. (1)
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt? WC fenestrata Fenzl = Limeum fenestratum var. fenestratum
PSAMMOTROPHA Eckl. & Zeyh. 2379000 STEUDELIA C.Presl 2374010

(1) Adamson. 1959. Journal of South African Botany 25: 51−68. capillaris Eckl. & Zeyh. = Adenogramma capillaris
(2) Jacot Guillarmod. 1971. Flora of Lesotho: 168, 169. diffusa Eckl. & Zeyh. = Adenogramma lichtensteiniana
39 : 161. sylvatica Eckl. & Zeyh. = Adenogramma sylvatica
(4) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany Suppl. viridis Gand. = Adenogramma sylvatica
Vol. 13: 135.
alternifolia Killick SUESSENGUTHIELLA Friedr. 2389010
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.07 m. Alt ± 3355 m. KZN, (1) Friedrich. 1955. Mitteilungen der Botanischen Staatssammlung
L München 2: 60–62.
androsacea Fenzl = P. mucronata var. mucronata München 3: 616, 617.
androsacea Fenzl var. enervis Fenzl = P. mucronata (3) Friedrich. 1966. FSWA 26: 20, 21.
var. mucronata (4) Bond & Goldblatt. 1984. Journal of South African Botany Suppl.
Vol. 13: 136.
anguina Compton
caespitosa Friedrich
1615 m. NC, WC
scleranthoides (Sond.) Friedrich
breviscapa Burtt Davy = P. myriantha Pharnaceum scleranthoides Sond. (4)
diffusa Adamson Annual. Herb. Ht up to 2.5 m. Alt 280–885 m. N, NC,
MOLLUGINACEAE Pharnaceum DICOTYLEDONS

MONIMIACEAE
monospora (Harv.) Baill.

XYMALOS Baill. 2759010 Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–25 m. Alt 90–2075 m.
(1) Verdcourt. 1968. FTEA Monimiaceae: 1–3.
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
MONTINIACEAE
MONTINIA Thunb. 3238000 caryophyllacea Thunb.

M. acris L.f. (2)
(1) Harvey. 1862. FC 2: 307, 308.
M. frutescens Gaertn. (1, 3)
(2) Milne-Redhead. 1956. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum 36: tt. 3541a, 3542.
(3) Friedrich-Holzhammer. 1968. FSWA 54: 1. Perennial. Shrub. Ht up to 1.5 m. Alt 50–2000 m. N,
(4) Jordaan. 2000. In Leistner, Strelitzia 10: 414, 415. B, NC, WC, EC
acris L.f. = M. caryophyllacea frutescens Gaertn. = M. caryophyllacea
MORACEAE
BOSQUIEA Thouars ex Baill. 1960000 Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 0.5–5 m. Alt 5–1525
phoberos Baill. = Trilepisium madagascariense m. KZN, WC, EC
capensis Thunb. = F. sur
FICUS L. 1961000 capreifolia Delile
(1) Marais. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1215. F. antithetophylla Steud. (5)
(2) Dyer. 1959. The Flowering Plants of Africa 33: t. 1319. F. capreifolia Delile var. ovalifolia Hutch. (11)
(3) Friedrich-Holzhammer. 1967. FSWA 16: 1–5. Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 45–1600 m. N, B,
(4) Von Breitenbach. 1974. Trees in South Africa 26,3: 58–80.
(5) Aweke. 1979. Mededelingen van de Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen
LIM, M, S, KZN
79-3: 1–96. capreifolia Delile var. ovalifolia Hutch. = F. capreifolia
(6) Berg et al. 1984. Flore du Gabon 26: 123–249. chrysocerasus Welw. ex Warb. = F. natalensis subsp.
(7) Barker. 1987. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1957.
(8) Berg. 1989. FTEA Moraceae: 43–86. natalensis
(9) Van Greuning. 1990. South African Journal of Botany 56: 599–630. cordata Thunb.
(10) Berg. 1991. FZ 9,6: 39–76. F. rupium Dinter (9)
(11) Lebrun & Stork. 1992. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique F. welwitschii Warb. (9)
tropicale 2: 134–141. Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 105–1850 m. N, B, NC,
Africa, edn 3: 132–153.
WC
cordata Thunb. subsp. salicifolia (Vahl) C.C.Berg = F.
abutilifolia (Miq.) Miq. salicifolia
F. soldanella Warb. (8)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 152–1600 m. craterostoma Warb. ex Mildbr. & Burret
B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 200–2135 m.
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
antithetophylla Steud. = F. capreifolia
erici-rosenii R.E.Fr. = F. burkei
bizanae Hutch. & Burtt Davy fischeri Warb. ex Mildbr. & Burret
Perennial. Tree. Ht 9–18 m. Alt 0–90 m. KZN, EC F. kiloneura Hornby (8)
bubu Warb. Perennial. Tree. Ht 12–20 m. Alt 900–1500 m. N, B
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–20 m. Alt 0–300 m. S, KZN gnaphalocarpa (Miq.) A.Rich. = F. sycomorus subsp.
burkei (Miq.) Miq. gnaphalocarpa
F. erici-rosenii R.E.Fr. (12) glumosa Delile
F. thonningii Blume in part (12) F. glumosa Delile var. glaberrima Mart. (5)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 900–1800 m. N, B, F. glumosa Delile var. intermedia Mart. (5)
LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC F. glumosa Delile var. lanuginosa Mart. (5)
F. glumosoides Hutch. (10)
burtt-davyi Hutch. F. rehmanii Warb. var. villosa Warb. (10)
DICOTYLEDONS MONIMIACEAE Xymalos

F. sonderi Miq. (8) soldanella Warb. = F. abutilifolia

Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 245–1850 m. N, LIM, sonderi Miq. = F. glumosa
M, S, KZN, EC
stuhlmannii Warb.
glumosa Delile var. glaberrima Mart. = F. glumosa Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–10 m. Alt 60–1260 m. LIM,
glumosa Delile var. intermedia Mart. = F. glumosa M, S, KZN
glumosa Delile var. lanuginosa Mart. = F. glumosa sur Forssk.
glumosoides Hutch. = F. glumosa F. capensis Thunb. (5)
F. mallotocarpa Warb. (6)
ilicina (Sond.) Miq.
M, S, KZN, WC, EC
N, NC
sycomorus L. subsp. gnaphalocarpa (Miq.) C.C.Berg
ingens (Miq.) Miq. var. ingens F. gnaphalocarpa (Miq.) A.Rich. (11)
F. ingens Miq. var. tomentosa Hutch. (6)
F. ingens Miq. var. tristis Warb. (9) Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–20 m. Alt 6–1200 m. N, B
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–18 m. Alt 70–1700 m. B, LIM, sycomorus L. subsp. sycomorus
NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–20 m. Alt 6–1500 m. B, LIM, M,
ingens Miq. var. tomentosa Hutch. = F. ingens var. S, KZN
ingens tettensis Hutch.
ingens Miq. var. tristis Warb. = F. ingens var. ingens F. smutsii I.Verd. (9)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–7 m. Alt 275–1600 m. B, LIM
kiloneura Hornby = F. fischeri
thonningii Blume in part = F. burkei
lingua De Wild. & T.Durand subsp. depauperata (Sim)
C.C.Berg thonningii Blume in part = F. petersii
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 30 m. Alt 0–50 m. KZN tremula Warb. subsp. tremula
lutea Vahl Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–10 m. Alt 45–60 m. S, KZN
F. nekbudu Warb. (6) trichopoda Baker
F. quebeba Welw. ex Ficalho (6) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–10 m. Alt 30–300 m.
F. vogelii (Miq.) Miq. (6)
S, KZN
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–20 m. Alt 15–915 m. S, KZN
verruculosa Warb.
mallotocarpa Warb. = F. sur
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 5–1850 m. N, B, KZN
natalensis Hochst. subsp. natalensis
F. chrysocerasus Welw. ex Warb. (6) vogelii (Miq.) Miq. = F. lutea
F. natalensis Hochst. var. latifolia Warb. (6) welwitschii Warb. = F. cordata
F. natalensis Hochst. var. pedunculata Sim (6)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–30 m. Alt 15–1250 m. LIM, S, KZN MACLURA Nutt. 1918000
natalensis Hochst. var. latifolia Warb. = F. natalensis (1) Corner. 1962. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 19: 235–240.
(2) Berg. 1989. FTEA Moraceae: 6–8.
subsp. natalensis (3) Berg. 1991. FZ 9,6: 18–21.
natalensis Hochst. var. pedunculata Sim = F. natalensis africana (Bureau) Corner
subsp. natalensis Perennial. Tree, shrub or climber. Ht 2–12 m. Alt 275–
nekbudu Warb. = F. lutea 790 m. LIM, M
nigropunctata Mildbr. & Burret
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 0–1300 m. B MORUS L. 1913000
(1) Nelson. 1989. European garden flora 3: 86, 87.
petersii Warb. (2) Berg. 1989. FTEA Moraceae: 2–4.
F. thonningii Blume in part (12) (3) Berg. 1991. FZ 9,6: 14–16.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–15 m. Alt 10–1350 m. LIM, M, *alba L. var. alba
S M. bombycis Koidz. (1)
polita Vahl subsp. polita Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–10 m. Alt? LIM, NW, G, M, S,
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–15 m. Alt 15–300 m. S, KZN FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
pretoriae Burtt Davy = F. salicifolia bombycis Koidz. = M. alba var. alba
pygmaea Welw. ex Hiern *japonica Audib.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–1.5 m. Alt 940–1200 m. N, B Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–6 m. Alt? M
quebeba Welw. ex Ficalho = F. lutea lactea (Sim) Mildbr. = M. mesozygia
rehmanii Warb. var. villosa Warb. = F. glumosa mesozygia Stapf ex A.Chev.
rupium Dinter = F. cordata M. lactea (Sim) Mildbr. (2)
salicifolia Vahl Perennial. Tree. Ht 5–35 m. Alt 30–90 m. KZN
F. cordata Thunb. subsp. salicifolia (Vahl) C.C.Berg (12)
F. pretoriae Burtt Davy (5) TRILEPISIUM Thouars 1960020
(1) Berg et al. 1984. Flore du Gabon 26: 104–108.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–20 m. Alt 100–2000 m. B, LIM, (2) Berg. 1989. FTEA Moraceae: 17–20.
NW, G, M, S, KZN (3) Berg 1991. FZ 9,6: 28–30.
sansibarica Warb. subsp. sansibarica madagascariense DC.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–20 m. Alt 30–900 m. LIM, M Bosquiea phoberos Baill. (1)
smutsii I.Verd. = F. tettensis Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–25 m. Alt 730–1450 m. LIM
MORACEAE Ficus DICOTYLEDONS

MORINGACEAE
MORINGA Adans. 3128000 ovalifolia Dinter & A.Berger

M. oleifera in sense of Exell & Mendonça, misapplied name (2)
(1) Friedrich-Holzhammer. 1966. FSWA 50: 1.
M. ovalifoliolata Dinter & A.Berger, superfluous name (2)
(2) Leistner. 1970. FSA 13: 184–186.
(3) Verdcourt. 1985. Kew Bulletin 40: 1–23. Perennial. Tree or shrub, succulent. Ht 2–7 m. Alt
(4) Knees. 1995. European garden flora 4: 165. 176–1600 m. N
oleifera in sense of Exell & Mendonça, misapplied ovalifoliolata Dinter & A.Berger, superfluous name =
name = M. ovalifolia M. ovalifolia
*M Y O P O R A C E A E
*MYOPORUM G.Forst. 8112000 SPIELMANNIA Medik. 8114000

(1) Richardson. 2000. European garden flora 6: 413. africana (L.) Willd. = Oftia africana
acuminatum R.Br. = M. tenuifolium decurrens Moench, illegitimate name = Oftia africana
desertorum Eckl. & Zeyh. ex Schauer, invalid name =
tenuifolium G.Forst.
M. acuminatum R.Br. (1) Oftia revoluta
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–6 m. Alt 5–100 m. N, jasminum Medik. = Oftia africana
WC, EC revoluta E.Mey. = Oftia revoluta
MYRICACEAE
MORELLA Lour. 1874010 kraussiana (Buchinger ex Meisn.) Killick

Myrica humilis in sense of C.DC.; Hutch.; Salter, not of Cham. &
(1) Killick. 1969. Bothalia 10: 5–17. Schltdl., misapplied name (2)
(2) Killick et al. 1998. Kew Bulletin 53: 993–995. Myrica kraussiana Buchinger ex Meisn. (2)
brevifolia (E.Mey. ex C.DC.) Killick Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 100–1550 m. WC,
Myrica brevifolia E.Mey. ex C.DC. (2) EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 200–2150 m. KZN, microbracteata (Weim.) Verdc. & Polhill
EC Myrica microbracteata Weim. (2)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.6–2 m. Alt 1150–1900 m. M,
cordifolia (L.) Killick
Myrica cordifolia L. (2) KZN
Myrica cordifolia L. var. microphylla A.Chev. (2) pilulifera (Rendle) Killick
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–3 m. Alt 0–250 m. WC, EC Myrica pilulifera Rendle (2)
Myrica pilulifera Rendle var. puberula Rendle (2)
diversifolia (Adamson) Killick
Myrica diversifolia Adamson (2) Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 3–30 m. Alt 350–2000 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 0–750 m. WC, EC LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, EC
humilis (Cham. & Schltdl.) Killick quercifolia (L.) Killick
Myrica burmannii E.Mey. ex C.DC. (2) Myrica incisa A.Chev. (2)
Myrica dregeana A.Chev. (2) Myrica quercifolia L. (2)
Myrica glabrissima A.Chev. (2) Myrica zeyheri C.DC. (2)
Myrica humilis Cham. & Schltdl. (2) Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.1–0.6 m. Alt 0–1450 m. NW,
Myrica myrtifolia A.Chev. (2) NC, WC, EC
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 0–1450 m. WC, EC serrata (Lam.) Killick
integra (A.Chev.) Killick Myrica conifera in sense of Hutch.; Adamson, not of Burm.f., mis-
Myrica conifera Burm.f. var. integra A.Chev. (2) applied name (2)
Myrica integra (A.Chev.) Killick (2) Myrica mossii Burtt Davy (2)
Myrica linearis in sense of A.Chev.; Hutch., misapplied name (2) Myrica serrata Lam. (2)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–3 m. Alt 100–1250 m. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 0–2150 m. LIM,
WC NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
DICOTYLEDONS MORINGACEAE Moringa

MYRICA L. 1874000 incisa A.Chev. = Morella quercifolia

brevifolia E.Mey. ex C.DC. = Morella brevifolia integra (A.Chev.) Killick = Morella integra
burmannii E.Mey. ex C.DC. = Morella humilis kraussiana Buchinger ex Meisn. = Morella kraussiana
conifera Burm.f. var. integra A.Chev. = Morella integra linearis in sense of A.Chev.; Hutch., misapplied name =
conifera in sense of Hutch.; Adamson, not of Burm.f., Morella integra
misapplied name = Morella serrata
microbracteata Weim. = Morella microbracteata
cordifolia L. = Morella cordifolia
cordifolia L. var. microphylla A.Chev. = Morella cordi- mossii Burtt Davy = Morella serrata
folia myrtifolia A.Chev. = Morella humilis
diversifolia Adamson = Morella diversifolia pilulifera Rendle = Morella pilulifera
dregeana A.Chev. = Morella humilis pilulifera Rendle var. puberula Rendle = Morella pilu-
glabrissima A.Chev. = Morella humilis lifera
humilis Cham. & Schltdl. = Morella humilis quercifolia L. = Morella quercifolia
humilis in sense of C.DC.; Hutch.; Salter, not of Cham.
serrata Lam. = Morella serrata
& Schltdl., misapplied name = Morella kraus-
siana zeyheri C.DC. = Morella quercifolia
MYROTHAMNACEAE
MYROTHAMNUS Welw. 3282000 (5) Glen et al. 1999. Flowering Plants of Africa 56: 62–68, t. 2151.
(1) Weimarck. 1936. Botaniska Notiser 1936: 451–462. flabellifolius Welw.

(2) Friedrich-Holzhammer. 1966. FSWA 51: 1. Cliffortia flabellifolia Sond. (1)
(3) Mendes. 1978. FZ 4: 69–71. Perennial. Shrub or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.9 m. Alt
(4) Bywater. 1984. FTEA Myrothamnaceae: 1–3. 365–1850 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
MYRSINACEAE
Compiled by M.A. Ngwenya & C.L. Bredenkamp
EMBELIA Burm.f. 6310000 MYRSINE L. 6313000

(1) Dyer. 1963. FSA 26: 3–5. (1) Dyer. 1963. FSA 26: 5, 6.
(2) Kupicha. 1983. FZ 7,1: 206–210. (2) Killick. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 40: t. 1564.
(3) Halliday. 1984. FTEA Myrsinaceae: 11–16. (3) Kupicha. 1983. FZ 7,1: 201–203.
(4) Halliday. 1984. FTEA Myrsinaceae: 6–8.
abyssinica Baker = E. schimperi (5) Burrows. 1999. Plantlife 20: 25, 26.
Note: although included in southern African Floras, there are indica-
erythrocarpa Gilg = E. schimperi tions that M. pillansii is merely a genetic aberration of M.
africana. Seeds of M. pillansii are sterile as only female flowers
guineensis Baker = E. schimperi are produced. (5)
kilimandscharica Gilg = E. schimperi africana L.
kraussii Harv. = E. ruminata Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.4–5 m. Alt 5–2400 m. LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
pellucida (Hiern) K.Schum. = E. schimperi gerrardii Harv. & C.H.Wright = Robsonodendron
ruminata (E.Mey. ex A.DC.) Mez eucleiforme
E. kraussii Harv. (1)
Myrsine ruminata E.Mey. ex A.DC. (1) gilliana Sond. = Rapanea gilliana
Perennial. Tree, shrub, climber. Ht 3–10.75 m. Alt 5– melanophloeos (L.) R.Br. = Rapanea melanophloeos
795 m. KZN, EC pillansii Adamson
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.91–9.15 m. Alt 155–2135
schimperi Vatke
E. abyssinica Baker (2, 3) m. LIM, G, KZN, WC
E. erythrocarpa Gilg (3) ruminata E.Mey. ex A.DC. = Embelia ruminata
E. guineensis Baker (2)
E. kilimandscharica Gilg (2, 3) RAPANEA Aubl. 6314000
E. pellucida (Hiern) K.Schum. (2, 3) (1) Dyer. 1963. FSA 26: 6–9.
Perennial. Scandent shrub or liane. Ht 2–5 m. Alt ± (2) Kupicha. 1983. FZ 7,1: 203–206.
910 m. N (3) Halliday. 1984. FTEA Myrsinaceae: 8–11.
MYRICACEAE Myrica DICOTYLEDONS

gilliana (Sond.) Mez Myrsine melanophloeos (L.) R.Br. (1)

Myrsine gilliana Sond. (1) Sideroxylon melanophloeos L. (1)
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.76–1.25 m. Alt 10–30 m. EC Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.21–20 m. Alt 5–2000 m. LIM,
melanophloeos (L.) Mez M, S, KZN, WC, EC
MYRTACEAE
Compiled by H.F. Glen & M. Jordaan
*CALLISTEMON R.Br. 5602000 albanensis Sond.

(1) Bentham. 1866. Flora australiensis 3: 118–123. Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 15–1300 m.
(2) Mitchem. 1997. European garden flora 5: 318–320. KZN, EC
rigidus R.Br. capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. capensis
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–2.5 m. Alt 550–750 E. capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. var. major Sond. (5)
m. EC Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 5–1150 m.
KZN, EC
speciosus (Sims) DC.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 550–750 m. EC capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. gueinzii (Sond.)
F.White
E. gueinzii Sond. (4)
*EUCALYPTUS L’Hér. 5598000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 5–30 m.
(1) Chippendale. 1988. Flora of Australia 19: 1–448.
KZN, EC
camaldulensis Dehnh. capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. subsp. A
E. rostrata Schltdl. (1)
E. mossambicensis Engl., misapplied name (8)
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 30 m. Alt 100–1500 m. FS, Perennial. Dwarf shrub or shrub. Ht 0.4–2 m. Alt
NC, WC 300–1640 m. LIM, M, KZN
cladocalyx F.Muell. capensis (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Sond. var. major Sond. = E.
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 20 m. Alt 0–200 m. NC, WC capensis subsp. capensis
globulus Labill. subsp. maidenii (F.Muell.) Kirkp.
E. maidenii F.Muell. (1) erythrophylla Strey
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 45 m. Alt 1400–1500 m. FS Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–6 m. Alt 300–1300 m.
KZN, EC
gomphocephala A.DC.
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 20 m. Alt 0–100 m. WC gueinzii Sond. = E. capensis subsp. gueinzii
grandis W.Hill ex Maiden mossambicensis Engl., misapplied name = E. capensis
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 20 m. Alt 0–200 m. EC subsp. A
lehmannii (Schauer) Benth. natalitia Sond.
E. rudatisii Engl. & Brehmer (8)
Perennial. Tree, mallee. Ht up to 6 m. Alt 0–450 m.
WC, EC Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–20 m. Alt 15–1400 m.
LIM, M, S, KZN
longifolia Link & Otto
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 15 m. Alt 800–1000 m. WC pusilla N.E.Br.
maidenii F.Muell. = E. globulus subsp. maidenii M
microtheca F.Muell.
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 15 m. Alt 800–1000 m. NC rudatisii Engl. & Brehmer = E. natalitia
regnans F.Muell. simii Dummer
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 20 m. Alt 200–300 m. WC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 0–300 m. KZN, EC
rostrata Schltdl. = E. camaldulensis umtamvunensis A.E.van Wyk
sideroxylon A.Cunn. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–10 m. Alt 0–300 m.
Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 10 m. Alt 1300–1500 m. FS KZN, EC
*uniflora L.
EUGENIA L. 5578000 Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt? KZN
(1) Brown. 1912. Kew Bulletin 1912: 276, 277. verdoorniae A.E.van Wyk
(2) Dümmer. 1912. The Gardeners’ Chronicle 52: 127, 128, 152, 153,
179, 180, 192, 193.
(3) Strey. 1972. Bothalia 10: 569–571. KZN, EC
(4) White. 1977. Kirkia 10: 401–404. woodii Dummer
(5) White. 1978. FZ 4: 186–193.
(6) Van Wyk. 1979. Journal of South African Botany 45: 273–277.
(7) Van Wyk. 1982. South African Journal of Botany 1: 158–162. LIM, M, S, KZN
(8) Van Wyk. 1985. Contributions towards a new classification of zeyheri (Harv.) Harv.
Eugenia L. (Myrtaceae) in southern Africa. Unpublished D.Sc.
thesis, University of Pretoria.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 6–300 m. EC
(9) Verdcourt. 1999. Kew Bulletin 54: 41–62. zuluensis Dummer
DICOTYLEDONS MYRSINACEAE Rapanea

Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–12 m. Alt 900–1800 guineense Sw.

m. LIM, KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–2 m. Alt 0–400 m. KZN
*LEPTOSPERMUM J.R.Forst 5599000 *SYNCARPIA Ten. 5593000

& G.Forst. (1) Bean. 1995. Austrobaileya 4: 337–344.
(1) Levyns. 1966. Guide to the flora of the Cape Peninsula edn 2: 207. glomulifera (Sm.) Nied.
(2) Thompson. 1989. Telopea 3: 301–449. Perennial. Tree. Ht up to 10 m. Alt 0–1250 m. LIM,
laevigatum (Gaertn.) F.Muell. EC
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–4.5 m. Alt 30–1400
m. M, WC, EC SYZYGIUM Gaertn. 5583000
(1) Burtt Davy. 1912. Annals of the Transvaal Museum 3: 154.
METROSIDEROS Banks ex 5588000 (2) Engler & Brehmer. 1917. Botanische Jahrbücher 54: 339–341.
Gaertn. the Transvaal with Swaziland 1: 240, 241.
(1) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 520–523. (4) White. 1978. FZ 4: 193–204.
(2) Killick. 1971. The Flowering Plants of Africa 41: t. 1624. (5) Killick. 1991. The Flowering Plants of Africa 51: t. 2025.
(3) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 548. cordatum Hochst. ex C.Krauss.
angustifolia (L.) Sm. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 3–15 m. Alt 5–2300 m.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–7 m. Alt 30–1200 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
WC gerrardii (Harv. ex Hook.f.) Burtt Davy
*MYRTUS L. 5558000 LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
(1) Campbell. 1968. Flora europaea 2: 303, 304.
(2) Wann 1997. European garden flora 5: 306. guineense (Willd.) DC. subsp. barotsense F.White
communis L. var. communis M, KZN
guineense (Willd.) DC. subsp. guineense
*PSIDIUM L. 5559000 LIM, M, S, KZN
(1) Adams 1972. Flowering Plants of Jamaica 518–520.
(2) White. 1978. FZ 4: 185, 186. intermedium Engl. & Brehmer
(3) Knees 1997. European garden flora 5: 306. Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–15 m. Alt? B, LIM, KZN, EC
cattleianum Sabine legatii Burtt Davy & Greenway
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–8 m. Alt 0–400 m. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1.5–9 m. Alt 1000–1770
KZN, WC, EC m. LIM, M, KZN
guajava L. pondoense Engl.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht up to 4 m. Alt 0–1300 m. Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 1–3 m. Alt 0–60 m. KZN,
M, KZN, WC, EC EC
NEURADACEAE
GRIELUM L. 3391000 Annual. Herb, prostrate. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 0–1350 m.

(1) Harvey. 1862. FC 2: 285–305. N, NC, WC
(2) Adamson & Salter. 1950. Flora of the Cape Peninsula: 451, 452. marlothii Engl. = G. sinuatum
(3) Hutchinson. 1964. The genera of flowering plants 1: 186.
(4) Friedrich-Holzhammer. 1968. FSWA 56: 1, 2. obtusifolium E.Mey. ex Harv. = G. sinuatum
cuneifolium Schinz sinuatum Licht. ex Burch.
G. marlothii Engl. (4)
Annual. Herb, prostrate. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 850–1500 G. obtusifolium E.Mey. ex Harv. (4)
m. B, NW, G Annual. Herb, prostrate. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 0–1350 m.
flagelliforme E.Mey. = G. humifusum var. humifusum N, NC, WC
grandiflorum (L.) Druce tenuifolium L. = G. grandiflorum
G. tenuifolium L. (2)
Annual. Herb, prostrate. Ht up to 0.2 m. Alt 0–300 m. NEURADA L. 3390000
NC, WC, EC
austroafricana Schinz = Neuradopsis austro-africana
humifusum Thunb. var. humifusum
G. flagelliforme E.Mey. (1)
Annual. Herb, prostrate. Ht up to 0.1 m. Alt 0–1500 m. NEURADOPSIS Bremek. & Oberm. 3390010
N, B, NC, WC (1) Bremekamp & Obermeyer. 1935. Annals of the Transvaal Museum
16: 399–442.
humifusum Thunb. var. parviflorum Harv. (2) Hutchinson. 1964. The genera of flowering plants 1: 186.
MYRTACEAE Eugenia DICOTYLEDONS

(3) Friedrich-Holzhammer. 1968. FSWA 56: 2. bechuanensis Bremek. & Schweick.

(4) Mendes. 1978. FZ 4: 8–10. grieloidea Bremek. & Oberm. (4)
austro-africana (Schinz) Bremek. & Oberm. Annual. Herb, prostrate. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 750–1200
Neurada austroafricana Schinz (1) m. N, B, NC
Annual. Herb, prostrate. Ht up to 0.3 m. Alt 750–1500
m. N, B, NC grieloidea Bremek. & Oberm. = N. bechuanensis
NYCTAGINACEAE
Compiled by A.M. Makwarela
AMPHORANTHUS Moore 2351010 (2) Meikle. 1978. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
36,2: 235–249.
spinosus S.Moore = Phaeoptilum spinosum (3) Meikle. 1979. Kew Bulletin 34: 341–343.
(4) Stannard. 1988. FZ 9,1: 15–20.
(5) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs dAfrique
BOERHAVIA L. 2349000 tropicale 1: 118.
(1) Codd. 1966. Bothalia 9: 113–121. (6) Whitehouse. 1996. FTEA Nyctaginaceae: 8–15.
(2) Merxmüller. 1969. FSWA 25: 1–4. africanus of authors, not of (Lour.) Dandy, concept
(3) Stirton. 1982. Bothalia 14,1: 79, 80. invalid = C. plumbagineus var. plumbagineus
(4) Stannard. 1988. FZ 9,1: 20–25.
(5) Whitehouse. 1996. FTEA Nyctaginaceae: 2–8. chinensis (L.) Heimerl subsp. natalensis Meikle
adscendens Willd. = B. diffusa var. diffusa Perennial. Climber or prostrate herb. Length? Alt
bracteata T.Cooke = B. coccinea var. coccinea 10–150 m. KZN
coccinea Mill. var. coccinea decipiens Meikle
B. bracteata T.Cooke (4) Perennial. Climber, herb. Ht up to 2 m. Alt? N, LIM
B. diffusa L. var. hirsuta Heimerl (4) fallacissimus (Heimerl) Heimerl ex Oberm., Schweick.
B. diffusa L. var. viscosa (Lag. & Rodr.) Heimerl (4)
B. marlothii Heimerl (4) & I.Verd.
C. fallacissimus (Heimerl) Pohnert (1)
Annual or perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–2 m. Alt 155–2000
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.5 m. Alt 152–1460 m. N, B
m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S, KZN, NC, EC
fallacissimus (Heimerl) Pohnert = C. fallacissimus
*cordobensis Kuntze
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 0.4 m. Alt 310–1340 m. FS, fruticosus Pohnert
NC, WC, EC Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt? N
deserticola Codd helenae (Roem. & Schult.) Meikle var. helenae
Perennial. Decumbent herb. Length 0.4–0.8 m. Alt? N Perennial. Scrambler or prostrate herb. Ht 1–1.5 m.
Alt 200–1100 m. B, LIM
*diffusa L. var. diffusa
B. adscendens Willd. (1) pentandrus (Burch.) Heimerl
Perennial or annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 5–1370 m. Boerhavia pentandra Burch. (4)
N, B, LIM, G, M, S, KZN, NC, WC Perennial. Prostrate, scrambler or ascending herb. Ht
up to 2 m. Alt 5–1525 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M,
diffusa L. var. hirsuta Heimerl = B. coccinea var. coc-
S, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC
cinea
pilosus (Heimerl) Meikle
diffusa L. var. minor (Delile) Cufod. = B. repens subsp.
Perennial. Procumbent herb. Ht up to 0.7 m. Alt 200–
repens
1350 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M
diffusa L. var. viscosa (Lag. & Rodr.) Heimerl = B. coc-
plumbagineus (Cav.) Standl. var. plumbagineus
cinea var. coccinea C. africanus of authors, not of (Lour.) Dandy, concept invalid (4)
*erecta L. Perennial. Procumbent or scrambler, herb. Ht 4–10 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 650–1250 m. N, B, Alt 50–1420 m. N, B, LIM, G, M, S, FS, KZN
LIM, G, M, FS, KZN, NC, WC, EC squarrosus (Heimerl) Standl.
hereroensis Heimerl Perennial. Suffrutex. Ht up to 1 m. Alt ?–1200 m. N
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.4 m. Alt 500–1700 m. N, NC
marlothii Heimerl = B. coccinea var. coccinea *MIRABILIS L. 2347000
(1) Cooke. 1910. FC 5: 393.
pentandra Burch. = Commicarpus pentandrus (2) Stannard. 1988. FZ 9,1: 13, 14.
repens L. subsp. repens jalapa L.
B. diffusa L. var. minor (Delile) Cufod. (1)
Annual or perennial. Prostrate herb. Length? Alt 640– Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–1.5 m. Alt 650–1590 m. NW,
1370 m. N, LIM, NC G, FS, EC
viscosa Cav.
Oxybaphus viscosus (Cav.) L’Hér. (1)
COMMICARPUS Standl. 2347010 Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.7 m. Alt? N
(1) Merxmüller. 1969. FSWA 25: 4, 5.
DICOTYLEDONS NEURADACEAE Neuradopsis

NACHTIGALIA Schinz 2351020 Nachtigalia protectoratus Schinz ex Engl. (1)

P. heimerli Engl. (1)
protectoratus Schinz ex Engl. = Phaeoptilum spinosum Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–4 m. Alt 400–1675 m. N, B,
LIM, FS, NC
OXYBAPHUS Vahl 2347020
viscosus (Cav.) L’Hér. = Mirabilis viscosa PISONIA L. 2354000
PHAEOPTILUM Radlk. 2351000 39: 160.
(1) Merxmüller. 1969. FSWA 25: 6, 7. (2) Stannard. 1988. FZ 9,1: 25, 26.
(2) Stannard. 1988. FZ 9,1: 28. (3) Whitehouse. 1996. FTEA Nyctaginaceae: 17–19.
heimerli Engl. = P. spinosum aculeata L.
spinosum Radlk. Perennial. Shrub, climber. Ht 2–20 m. Alt 6–165 m.
Amphoranthus spinosus S.Moore (1) KZN
NYMPHAEACEAE
NYMPHAEA L. 2513000 N. calliantha Conard (6)

N. capensis Thunb. var. alba K.C.Landon (6)
(1) Phillips. 1921. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 1: t. 29. N. capensis Thunb. var. capensis (6)
(2) Mendonça. 1961. FZ 1,1: 175–180. N. mildbraedii Gilg (6)
(3) Obermeyer. 1969. The Flowering Plants of Africa 39: t. 1541. N. nelsonii Burtt Davy (7)
(4) Mendonça. 1973. Flora de Moçambique 8: 1–5. N. stellata in sense of Harv., not of Willd. in strict sense, misapplied
(5) Landon. 1984. Phytologia 55: 109–111. name (6)
(6) Verdcourt. 1989. FTEA Nymphaeaceae: 3–11. N. stellata in sense of Oliv. in part, not of Willd. in strict sense, mis-
Note: Borsch & Wiersema are currently working on a long-term glob- applied name (6)
al investigation of the genus Nymphaea. Borsch states: ‘While
Verdcourt’s treatment of the East African Nymphaea is the most Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, hydrophyte: epihydate.
comprehensive one available at this time, it is based entirely on Ht depending on depth of water. Alt 10–1650 m.
herbarium study of these plants. Such studies cannot adequately N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
address the effects of hybridization, resulting in largely sterile
intermediate plants that blur the distinctions between species if
nouchali Burm.f. var. ovalifolia (Conard) Verdc.
N. stellata in sense of F.Hoffm., not of Willd. in strict sense, misap-
they are not recognised as such. Based on field experience study-
plied name (6)
ing Nymphaea in North and South America and Australia, I can-
N. vernayi Bremek. & Oberm. (6)
not accept Verdcourt’s grouping of such diverse taxa as N.
caerulea, N. capensis (its nomenclature problems aside), and N. Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, hydrophyte: epihydate.
petersiana under the largely Asiatic N. nouchali. I have mostly Ht depending on depth of water. Alt ± 900 m. B
reverted to the earlier treatment of Conard in accepting these and nouchali Burm.f. var. petersiana (Klotzsch) Verdc.
others at species rank’ (pers. comm.). Refer to http://www.victo- N. petersiana Klotzsch (6)
ria-adventure.org/waterlilies/family_tree.html for their proposed N. stellata in sense of Oliv. in part, not of Willd. in strict sense, mis-
preliminary classification. applied name (6)
caerulea Savigny = N. nouchali var. caerulea Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, hydrophyte: epihydate.
calliantha Conard = N. nouchali var. caerulea Ht depending on depth of water. Alt ± 900 m. B
capensis Thunb. var. alba K.C.Landon = N. nouchali nouchali Burm.f. var. zanzibariensis (Casp.) Verdc.
var. caerulea N. capensis Thunb. var. zanzibarensis (Casp.) Conard (6)
N. colorata Peter (6)
capensis Thunb. var. capensis = N. nouchali var. N. stellata Willd. var. zanzibariensis (Casp.) Hook.f. (6)
caerulea Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, hydrophyte: epihydate.
capensis Thunb. var. zanzibarensis (Casp.) Conard = N. Ht depending on depth of water. Alt 10–1400 m.
nouchali var. zanzibariensis N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, WC, EC
colorata Peter = N. nouchali var. zanzibariensis petersiana Klotzsch = N. nouchali var. petersiana
lotus L. stellata in sense of F.Hoffm., not of Willd. in strict sense,
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, hydrophyte: epihydate. misapplied name = N. nouchali var. ovalifolia
Ht depending on depth of water. Alt 550–1500 stellata in sense of Harv., not of Willd. in strict sense,
m. B, LIM, G, M, S, KZN misapplied name = N. nouchali var. caerulea
*mexicana Zucc. stellata in sense of Oliv. in part, not of Willd. in strict sense,
Perennial, occ. annual. Herb, hydrophyte: epihydate. misapplied name = N. nouchali var. caerulea
Ht depending on depth of water. Alt ± 1500 m. stellata in sense of Oliv. in part, not of Willd. in strict
G, FS sense, misapplied name = N. nouchali var. peter-
mildbraedii Gilg = N. nouchali var. caerulea siana
nelsonii Burtt Davy = N. nouchali var. caerulea stellata Willd. var. zanzibariensis (Casp.) Hook.f. = N.
nouchali Burm.f. var. caerulea (Savigny) Verdc. nouchali var. zanzibariensis
N. caerulea Savigny (6) vernayi Bremek. & Oberm. = N. nouchali var. ovalifolia
NYCTAGINACEAE Nachtigalia DICOTYLEDONS

OCHNACEAE
BRACKENRIDGEA A.Gray 5114000 confusa Burtt Davy & Greenway

(1) Du Toit & Obermeyer. 1976. FSA 22: 12, 13. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt 840–1525 m.
LIM, M
arenaria (De Wild. & T.Durand) N.Robson
Ochna arenaria De Wild. & T.Durand (1) fuscescens Heine = O. pulchra
Perennial. Dwarf shrub. Ht 0.3–1(–1.5) m. Alt 850– gamostigmata Du Toit
1100 m. N O. atropurpurea DC. var. angustifolia E.Phillips (4)
zanguebarica Oliv. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.3–8 m. Alt 400–1525 m.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1.5–3 m. Alt 600–750 m. LIM M, S, KZN
glauca I.Verd.
OCHNA L. 5112000 Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–2.5 m. Alt? B, LIM, NW
(2) Verdoorn. 1952. The Flowering Plants of Africa 29: t. 1139. holstii Engl.
(3) Van der Watt. 1962. The Flowering Plants of Africa 35: t. 1392. Perennial. Tree. Ht 0.5–12 m. Alt 100–1650 m. LIM,
(4) Du Toit & Obermeyer. 1976. FSA 22: 1–12. M, S, KZN, EC
arborea Burch. ex DC. var. arborea inermis (Forssk.) Schweinf.
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1–12 m. Alt 20–1525 m. Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.1–3 m. Alt 215–1220 m.
LIM, M, S, KZN, WC, EC B, LIM, NW, M
arborea Burch. ex DC. var. oconnorii (E.Phillips) Du Toit natalitia (Meisn.) Walp.
O. oconnorii E.Phillips (4) O. atropurpurea DC. var. natalitia (Meisn.) Harv. (4)
Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 1.5–12 m. Alt 850–1640 m. O. chilversii E.Phillips (4)
LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.15–10 m. Alt 5–1524 m.
arenaria De Wild. & T.Durand = Brackenridgea are- LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
naria oconnorii E.Phillips = O. arborea var. oconnorii
atropurpurea DC. var. angustifolia E.Phillips = O. gamo- pretoriensis E.Phillips
stigmata Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.1–4 m. Alt 500–1520 m.
atropurpurea DC. var. natalitia (Meisn.) Harv. = O. nata- LIM, NW, G, M
litia pulchra Hook.f.
atropurpurea in sense of Harv., not of DC., misapplied O. fuscescens Heine (4)
O. rehmannii Szyszyl. (4)
name = O. serrulata
barbosae N.Robson N, B, LIM, NW, G, M
rehmannii Szyszyl. = O. pulchra
KZN
serrulata (Hochst.) Walp.
chilversii E.Phillips = O. natalitia O. atropurpurea in sense of Harv., not of DC., misapplied name (4)
cinnabarina Engl. & Gilg Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 0.3–6 m. Alt 15–1890 m.
Perennial. Shrub. Ht 0.3–1.75 m. Alt 850–1150 m. N, B LIM, M, S, KZN, L, WC, EC
OLACACEAE
OLAX L. 2131000 americana L. var. americana

(1) García. 1963. FZ 2: 331–334. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 30–1646 m. N, B
(2) Lucas. 1968. FTEA Olacaceae: 6–9. americana L. var. microphylla Welw. ex Oliv.
(3) García & Vidigal. 1979. Flora de Moçambique 44: 5–8. X. rogersii Burtt Davy (1)
dissitiflora Oliv. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–5 m. Alt 300–1980 m.
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 5–12 m. Alt 40–1280 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
N, B, LIM, M, S, KZN caffra Sond. var. caffra
XIMENIA L. 2136000 N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S
(1) Schweickerdt. 1937. Bothalia 3: 179–182. caffra Sond. var. natalensis Sond.
(2) Verdoorn. 1950. The Flowering Plants of Africa 28: t. 1081. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 1–6 m. Alt 35–2895 m.
(3) García. 1963. FZ 2: 328–331.
(4) De Filipps. 1969. Boletim da Sociedade Broteriana 43: 193–200. LIM, M, S, KZN
(5) García & Vidigal. 1979. Flora de Moçambique 44: 1–5. rogersii Burtt Davy = X. americana var. microphylla
DICOTYLEDONS OCHNACEAE Brackenridgea

OLEACEAE
CHIONANTHUS L. 6428000 Perennial. Dwarf shrub or climber. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt

(1) Stearn. 1980. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 80: 400–1830 m. LIM, G, M
191–206. stenolobum Rolfe
(2) Kupicha. 1983. FZ 7,1: 320–323.
Perennial. Shrub, dwarf shrub or climber. Ht 0.3–3 m.
battiscombei (Hutch.) Stearn Alt 80–1220 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
Linociera battiscombei Hutch. (1)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2.5–8 m. Alt 100–1525 m. LIM, streptopus E.Mey. var. streptopus
KZN Perennial. Dwarf shrub or climber. Ht 1.5–1.8 m. Alt
foveolatus (E.Mey.) Stearn subsp. foveolatus 15–1370 m. KZN
Linociera foveolata (E.Mey.) Knobl. (1) streptopus E.Mey. var. transvaalensis (S.Moore)
Olea foveolata E.Mey. (1)
I.Verd.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–10 m. Alt 150–1830 m. LIM, M, Perennial. Dwarf shrub or climber. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt
S, KZN, EC 700–1300 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
foveolatus (E.Mey.) Stearn subsp. major (I.Verd.)
tortuosum in sense of Harv. ex C.H.Wright, misapplied
Stearn
Linociera foveolata (E.Mey.) Knobl. subsp. major I.Verd. (1) name = J. quinatum
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–30 m. Alt 869–1675 m. LIM, M, S tortuosum Willd.
foveolatus (E.Mey.) Stearn subsp. tomentellus (I.Verd.) Perennial. Climber. Ht 0.5–7 m. Alt 300–530 m. WC
Stearn
Linociera foveolata (E.Mey.) Knobl. subsp. tomentella I.Verd. (1) *LIGUSTRUM L. 6436000
Perennial. Tree. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 4–425 m. KZN, WC, (1) Ohwi. 1965. Flora of Japan: 729, 730.
EC (2) Franco. 1972. Flora europaea 3: 54, 55.
(3) Green. 1995. Kew Bulletin 50: 379–386.
peglerae (C.H.Wright) Stearn (4) Green. 1997. European garden flora 5: 578–580.
Linociera peglerae (C.H.Wright) Gilg & G.Schellenb. (1)
Olea peglerae C.H.Wright (1) japonicum Thunb.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 4–18 m. Alt 15–1525 m. KZN, EC Perennial. Shrub. Ht 1–3 m. Alt ?–1430 m. G, M, FS,
KZN, L, EC
*FRAXINUS Tourn. ex L. 6420000 ovalifolium Hassk.
(1) Tutin. 1972. Flora europaea 3: 54. Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 2–5 m. Alt ?–1185 m.
(2) Green. 1997. European garden flora 5: 584–588.
KZN
*angustifolia Vahl sinense Lour.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 6–25 m. Alt 50–900 m. WC Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 2–4 m. Alt ?–1700 m. G,
JASMINUM L. 6440000 M
(1)
(2)
Verdoorn. 1958. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1272.
Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 103–112.
LINOCIERA Swartz 6428010
(3) Kupicha. 1983. FZ 7,1: 305–318. battiscombei Hutch. = Chionanthus battiscombei
(4) Green. 1986. Kew Bulletin 41: 413–419. foveolata (E.Mey.) Knobl. = Chionanthus foveolata
abyssinicum Hochst. ex DC. subsp. foveolata
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 0.5–2.5 m. Alt foveolata (E.Mey.) Knobl. subsp. major I.Verd. = Chio-
15–1980 m. LIM, M, KZN nanthus foveolata subsp. major
angulare Vahl foveolata (E.Mey.) Knobl. subsp. tomentella I.Verd. =
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 0.2–10 m. Alt Chionanthus foveolata subsp. tomentellus
15–1293 m. M, KZN, EC peglerae (C.H.Wright) Gilg & G.Schellenb. = Chio-
nanthus peglerae
breviflorum Harv. ex C.H.Wright
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 0.2–4 m. Alt MENODORA Humb. & Bonpl. 6438000
155–1400 m. LIM, NW, G, M, KZN, EC (1) Verdoorn. 1955. The Flowering Plants of Africa 30: t. 1187.
fluminense Vell. subsp. fluminense (2) Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 125–128.
Perennial. Shrub or climber. Ht 0.6–9 m. Alt 25–1675 (3) Kupicha. 1983. FZ 7,1: 318–320.
m. B, LIM, M, S, KZN africana Hook.
glaucum (L.f.) Aiton Perennial. Dwarf shrub or herb. Ht 0.02–0.25 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or shrub. Ht 0.6–2.4 m. Alt 610–1600 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, NC
30–655 m. NC, WC heterophylla Moric. ex DC. var. australis Steyerm.
multipartitum Hochst. Perennial. Dwarf shrub or herb. Ht 0.07–0.25 m. Alt
Perennial. Dwarf shrub or climber. Ht 0.3–6 m. Alt 1000–1500 m. B, NW
7–1563 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC juncea Harv.
quinatum Schinz Perennial. Shrublet or dwarf shrub. Ht 0.25–2 m. Alt
J. tortuosum in sense of Harv. ex C.H.Wright, misapplied name (2) 90– 1067 m. NC, WC
OLEACEAE Chionanthus DICOTYLEDONS

OLEA L. 6434000 O. europaea L. subsp. cuspidata (Wall. ex G.Don) Cif. (4, 5)

(1) Verdoorn. 1963. FSA 26: 112–119. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–14 m. Alt 5–2479 m. N,
(2) Green & Kupicha. 1979. Kew Bulletin 34: 69–75. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
(3) Kupicha. 1983. FZ 7,1: 323–327. europaea L. subsp. cuspidata (Wall. ex G.Don) Cif. =
(4) Dyer. 1991. A biosystematic study of the African species of Olea O. europaea subsp. africana
L. (Oleaceae). Ph.D thesis, University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg. exasperata Jacq.
(5) Herman & Condy. Flowering Plants of Africa 55: 92–95, t. 2137. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–7 m. Alt 50–460 m.
Note: the broad species concept of Olea europaea by Green (2002, in WC, EC
Kew Bulletin 57: 91–140) is not followed here.
foveolata E.Mey. = Chionanthus foveolatus subsp.
africana Mill. = O. europaea subsp. africana foveolatus
capensis L. subsp. capensis macrocarpa C.H.Wright = O. capensis subsp. macrocarpa
O. enervis Harv. ex C.H.Wright in part (1)
Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 5–1525 m. peglerae C.H.Wright = Chionanthus peglerae
KZN, WC, EC woodiana Knobl.
capensis L. subsp. enervis (Harv. ex C.H.Wright) I.Verd. Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–20 m. Alt 5–1850 m.
O. enervis Harv. ex C.H.Wright in part (1) LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
NW, M, S, KZN, EC SCHREBERA Roxb. 6422000
capensis L. subsp. macrocarpa (C.H.Wright) I.Verd. (1) Verdoorn. 1956. The Flowering Plants of Africa 31: t. 1228.
O. macrocarpa C.H.Wright (1) (2) Kupicha. 1983. FZ 7,1: 301–305.
Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–30 m. Alt 30–2075 m. LIM, M, alata (Hochst.) Welw.
S, KZN, WC, EC S. argyrotricha Gilg (2)
enervis Harv. ex C.H.Wright in part = O. capensis Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 4–15 m. Alt 30–1980 m.
subsp. capensis LIM, M, S, KZN, EC
enervis Harv. ex C.H.Wright in part = O. capensis argyrotricha Gilg = S. alata
subsp. enervis schinoides Thunb. = Cassine schinoides
europaea L. subsp. africana (Mill.) P.S.Green trichoclada Welw.
O. africana Mill. (2) Perennial. Tree or shrub. Ht 2–10 m. Alt 30–975 m. N, B
OLINIACEAE
OLINIA Thunb. 5428000 micrantha Decne.

(1) Hofmeyr & Phillips. 1921. Bothalia 1: 97–104. Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 90–1500 m. EC
(3) Cufodontis. 1960. Österreichechen Botanischen Zeitschrift. 107: radiata Hofmeyr & E.Phillips
106–112. Perennial. Tree. Ht 3–25 m. Alt 300–1220 m. KZN,
(4) Verdcourt. 1975. FTEA Oliniaceae: 1–4. EC
(5) Sebola & Balkwill. 1999. South African Journal of Botany 65:
97–103. rochetiana Juss.
acuminata Klotzsch = O. capensis O. usambarensis Gilg (4)
capensis (Jacq.) Klotzsch LIM, M
O. acuminata Klotzsch (5)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–15 m. Alt 90–1500 m. WC, EC usambarensis Gilg = O. rochetiana
cymosa (L.) Thunb. = O. ventosa
ventosa (L.) Cufod.
emarginata Burtt Davy O. cymosa (L.) Thunb. (1)
Perennial. Tree. Ht 1–18 m. Alt 90–2200 m. LIM, G, Perennial. Tree, shrub. Ht 2–20 m. Alt 15–915 m. WC,
M, FS, KZN, EC EC
ONAGRACEAE
EPILOBIUM L. 5795000 (5) Goldblatt & Raven. 1997. Bothalia 27: 153–155.
(1) Sonder. 1862. FC 2: 507–513. biforme Hausskn. = E. capense

(2) Compton. 1967. Journal of South African Botany 33: 297. capense Buchinger ex Hochst.
(3) Raven. 1978. FZ 4: 343–346. E. biforme Hausskn. (5)
(4) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique E. flavescens E.Mey. ex Harv. (3)
tropicale 1: 113. E. jonathum Hausskn. (5)
DICOTYLEDONS OLEACEAE Olea

E. karsteniae Compton (5) palustris (L.) Elliott

Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.21–1.21 m. Alt 900–2762 m. Annual. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht up to 0.5 m. Alt 30–
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC 1525 m. N, LIM, NW, G, KZN, L, WC, EC
flavescens E.Mey. ex Harv. = E. capense perennis L.
hirsutum L. Annual. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht up to 1 m. Alt 0–1200
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.22–2.74 m. Alt 5–2600 m. NW, m. S
G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC *polycarpaea Short & R.Peter ex Torr. & A.Gray
jonathum Hausskn. = E. capense Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht up to 0.9 m. Alt up to
karsteniae Compton = E. capense 732 m. LIM, S
mundtii Hausskn. = E. salignum pulvinaris Gilg = L. senegalensis
natalense Hausskn. = E. salignum senegalensis (DC.) Troch.
L. pulvinaris Gilg (3)
neriophyllum Hausskn. = E. salignum
salignum Hausskn.
E. mundtii Hausskn. (5) stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) P.H.Raven = L. adscendens
E. natalense Hausskn. (5) subsp. diffusa
E. neriophyllum Hausskn. (5)
E. schinzii Hausskn. (5) *OENOTHERA L. 5804000
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–1.6 m. Alt 500–3000 m. LIM, (1) Munz. 1965. North American Flora ser. 2,5: 120, 121.
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC (2) Dietrich. 1977. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 64: 425–626.
schinzii Hausskn. = E. salignum (3) Raven. 1978. FZ 4: 330–332.
tetragonum L. subsp. tetragonum tropicale 1: 114.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1 m. Alt 75–2835 m. G, M, (5) Goldblatt & Raven. 1997. Bothalia 27: 157–165.
FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC affinis Cambess.
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–1.5 m. Alt up to 2500 m. LIM,
*GAURA L. 5819000 NW, G, M, FS, L, WC
(1) Munz. 1965. North American Flora ser. 2,5: 182–196.
(2) Goldblatt & Raven. 1997. Bothalia 27: 156, 157. biennis L.
lindheimeri Engelm. & A.Gray Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt up to 1548 m. NW, G,
Perennial. Herb. Ht up to 1 m. Alt up to 535 m. G, EC M, FS, KZN, L, NC
sinuata Nutt. ex Ser. drummondii Hook. subsp. drummondii
Perennial. Herb, aggressively rhizomatous. Ht up to Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt? M, S, KZN, WC
0.6 m. Alt ± 155 m. EC erythrosepala (Borbás) Borbás = O. glazioviana
LUDWIGIA L. 5793000 glazioviana Micheli
(1) Torrey & Gray. 1840. Flora of North America 1: 493. O. erythrosepala (Borbás) Borbás (5)
(2) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique O. grandiflora in sense of Munz (1974), not of L’Hér. ex Aiton
tropicale 1: 113, 114. (1789) (2)
(3) Goldblatt & Raven. 1997. Bothalia 27: 149–153. Biennial, short-lived perennial. Herb. Ht 0.8–1.2 m.
abyssinica A.Rich. Alt 0–2000 m. LIM, NW, G, S, FS, KZN, L,
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.6–2 m. WC, EC
Alt 550–1005 m. N, B, KZN, NC grandiflora Aiton
adscendens (L.) Hara subsp. diffusa (Forssk.) P.H.Raven Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.1–1.2 m. Alt? KZN, EC
L. stolonifera (Guill. & Perr.) P.H.Raven (3) grandiflora in sense of Munz (1974), not of L’Hér. ex
Annual. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.5–1 m. Alt 0–1100 m. Aiton (1789) = O. glazioviana
N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, EC indecora Cambess. subsp. bonariensis W.Dietr. = O.
erecta (L.) Hara indecora subsp. indecora
Annual. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.03–3 m. Alt 0–1100 indecora Cambess. subsp. indecora
m. B O. indecora Cambess. subsp. bonariensis W.Dietr. (5)
leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.91 m. Alt 5–2200 m. N, LIM,
Perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.91–3 m. Alt 5–1370 NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
m. N, B, KZN jamesii Torr. & A.Gray
octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven Annual. Herb. Ht 0.15–2.13 m. Alt 30–1525 m. LIM,
L. octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven subsp. brevisepala (Brenan) NW, G, M, FS, KZN, WC, EC
P.H.Raven (3) laciniata Hill
L. octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven subsp. sessiliflora (Micheli)
P.H.Raven (3) Annual. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.6 m. Alt 5–1770 m. NW, G,
Annual, occ. perennial. Herb, hydrophyte. Ht 0.04–4 FS, KZN, L, EC
m. Alt 2–1095 m. N, B, LIM, NW, M, S, KZN, longiflora L. subsp. longiflora
EC Annual. Herb. Ht 0.4–0.8 m. Alt? NC, WC
octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven subsp. brevisepala (Brenan) parodiana Munz subsp. parodiana
P.H.Raven = L. octovalvis Annual. Herb. Ht 0.3–0.7 m. Alt 54–2428 m. N, LIM,
octovalvis (Jacq.) P.H.Raven subsp. sessiliflora (Micheli) NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC
P.H.Raven = L. octovalvis parviflora L.
ONAGRACEAE Epilobium DICOTYLEDONS

Biennial. Herb. Ht 1–1.5 m. Alt? WC 5–1830 m. LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC,
rosea L’Hér. ex Aiton EC
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.2–0.25 m. Alt 60–2350 m. N, tetraptera Cav.
LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.15–0.4 m. Alt 155–2685 m.
EC LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
stricta Ledeb. ex Link subsp. stricta villosa Thunb.
Annual, short-lived perennial. Herb. Ht 0.3–1 m. Alt Biennial. Herb. Ht 0.5–2 m. Alt? WC
OPILIACEAE
OPILIA Roxb. 2122000 campestris Engl. var. campestris

(1) Hiepko. 1982. Willdenowia 12: 161–182. Perennial. Shrub or tree. Ht 2–5 m. Alt 60–1450 m. N
OROBANCHACEAE
(including Scrophulariaceae in part)
Compiled by S.J. Smithies & J.A. Ready
ALECTRA Thunb. 7597010 Melasma capense (Thunb.) Hiern (4)

(1) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 371−378, as ‘Melasma’. Annual or perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.06−0.37 m.
(2) Hemsley. 1906. In Hemsley & Skan, FTA 4,2: 362−373. Alt 17−2425 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC,
(3) Phillips. 1929. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 9: t. 339 (A. EC
orobanchoides).
(4) Melchior. 1941. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums dunensis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
zu Berlin-Dahlem 15,3: 423–447. Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.04−0.1 m. Alt 6–? m. S,
(5) Hepper. 1960. Kew Bulletin 14: 402–406. KZN
(6) Merxmüller & Roessler. 1967. FSWA 126: 5–8.
heyniae (Dinter) Dinter = A. orobanchoides
Edinburgh 37: 309−311. hundtii Melch.
(8) Hilliard & Burtt. 1986. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht ± 0.2−± 0.45 m. Alt ± 1370
Edinburgh 43: 371−377. m. S?
(9) Philcox. 1990. FZ 8,2: 85–93.
(10) Mielcarek. 1996. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 41, 1: 85–94. kirkii Hemsl. = A. orobanchoides
lancifolia Hemsl.
Melasma indicum Hiern, not Alectra indica Benth. (4)
(13) The Plant Names Project. 2002. International Plant Names Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.16−0.55 m. Alt ± 1000 m.
Index, http://www.ipni.org (accessed on 29-05-2002). N, B?
Note: these are root parasites and the original soil level often does not
show on herbarium specimens, especially those with scale leaves.
lurida Harv.
Melasma luridum (Harv.) Hiern (4)
Hence heights given here are somewhat uncertain.
Annual? or perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht ± 0.15−0.4 m.
angustifolia Engl. = A. vogelii Alt 100−± 300 m. WC
aurantiaca Hemsl. melampyroides Benth. = A. sessiliflora var. sessiliflora
A. omurambensis Dinter ex Melch. (6)
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht ± 0.05−± 0.1 m. Alt? N natalensis (Hiern) Melch.
Melasma natalense Hiern (4)
avensis (Benth.) Merr. = A. sessiliflora var. monticola Apparently annual. Herb, parasite. Ht ± 0.1 m. Alt ±
bainesii Hemsl. 900 m. KZN
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.06−0.1 m. Alt ± 1100 m. omurambensis Dinter ex Melch. = A. aurantiaca
B orobanchoides Benth.
bainesii of author, not of Hemsl.: Dinter (1917) = A. A. heyniae (Dinter) Dinter (4, 9)
welwitschii A. kirkii Hemsl. (9)
A. parvifolia (Engl.) Schinz (9)
barbata (Hiern) Melch. = A. sessiliflora var. sessili- Celsia parvifolia Engl. (3, 9)
flora Melasma orobanchoides (Benth.) Engl. (9)
Nigrina orobanchoides (Benth.) Kuntze as ‘orobanchodes’ (4)
basutica (E.Phillips) Melch. Orobanche heyniae Dinter (4, 9)
Melasma basuticum E.Phillips (4) Orobanche parviflora E.Mey. ex Drège, name only (1, 9)
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.1−0.4 m. Alt 1470−1980 Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht (0.03−)0.1−± 0.6 m. Alt
m. FS, KZN, L 30−2000 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN,
capensis Thunb. L, EC
DICOTYLEDONS ONAGRACEAE *Oenothera

parvifolia (Engl.) Schinz = A. orobanchoides AULAYA Harv. 7627010

picta (Hiern) Hemsl.
Melasma pictum Hiern (4) capensis of authors, not of Drège: Harv. (1838); Hook.
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.1−± 0.6 m. Alt 275−960 (1841); Bernh. (1844) = Harveya bolusii
m. B, LIM?, M? capensis of author, not of Harv.: Drège (1847) = Harveya
pseudobarleriae (Dinter) Dinter squamosa
Orobanche pseudobarleriae Dinter (4) coccinea Harv. = Harveya coccinea
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.05−± 0.25 m. Alt? N grandiflora Benth. = Harveya purpurea
pumila Benth. pauciflora Benth. = Harveya pauciflora
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.03−± 0.12(−0.3?) m. Alt
1158−1980 m. N?, B?, LIM, G, M?, FS, L, NC, EC purpurea (L.f.) Benth. = Harveya purpurea
pusilla E.Phillips = A. schoenfelderi scarlatina Benth. = Harveya scarlatina
schoenfelderi Dinter & Melch. squamosa (Thunb.) Harv. = Harveya squamosa
A. pusilla E.Phillips (6)
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01−0.02 m. Alt ± 900 m. BARTSCHIA L. 7645000
N trixago (L) Kuntze. = Bartsia trixago
senegalensis Benth. = A. sessiliflora var. senegalensis
sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze var. monticola (Engl.) Melch. BARTSIA L., name conserved 7645000
A. avensis (Benth.) Merr. (5) (1) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 419, 420, as ‘Bellardia’.
Glossostylis avensis Benth. (9) (2) Hemsley & Skan. 1906. FTA 4,2: 458−462.
Melasma indicum (Benth.) Wettst. (9 implied) (3) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
Melasma indicum (Benth.) Wettst. var. monticolum Engl. (5) tropicale 4: 424, as ‘Bellardia’.
Nigrina sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze in part (4, 9 implied) (4) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 550.
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.18−0.45 m. Alt ± 1050− (5) The Plant Names Project. 2002. International Plant Names
Index, http://www.ipni.org (accessed on 09-06-2002).
1480 m. LIM?, M?, S?
sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze var. senegalensis (Benth.) capensis (L.) Spreng. = Bartsia trixago
Hepper scabra (Thunb.) Spreng. = Alectra sessiliflora var. ses-
A. senegalensis Benth. (5) siliflora
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht ± 0.15−± 0.6 m. Alt ± 1005 trixago L.
m. N, B Bartschia trixago (L.) Kuntze (1, 2)
sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze var. sessiliflora B. capensis (L.) Spreng. (1, 2)
A. barbata (Hiern) Melch. (5) Bellardia trixago (L.) All. (2)
A. melampyroides Benth. (5) Buchnera africana L. (2)
A. sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze var. sessiliflora forma barbata (Hiern) Rhinanthus capensis L. (1, 2)
Hilliard & B.L.Burtt (9 implied) Trixago apula Stev. (2)
A. sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze var. sessiliflora forma sessiliflora (9 Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.15−0.5 m. Alt ± 1220−±
implied) 1500 m. NC, WC, EC
Bartsia scabra (Thunb.) Spreng. (4)
Gerardia sessiliflora Vahl (5)
Glossostylis capensis Benth. (1, 4)
BELLARDIA All. 7646000
Melasma barbatum Hiern (9) trixago (L.) All. = Bartsia trixago
Melasma sessiliflorum (Vahl) Hiern (4)
Nigrina sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze in part (4)
Rhinanthus scaber Thunb. (4)
BOPUSIA C.Presl 7614010
Annual or perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.04−0.68 m. scabra (L.f.) C.Presl = Graderia scabra
Alt 0−± 2250 m. B?, LIM, NW, M, S, FS, KZN, subintegra (Mast.) Hiern = Graderia subintegra
L, WC, EC
sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze var. sessiliflora forma barbata BUCHNERA L. 7622000
(Hiern) Hilliard & B.L.Burtt = A. sessiliflora var. (1) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 391−394.
sessiliflora (2) Skan. 1906. In Hemsley & Skan, FTA 4: 373−399.
(3) Druce. 1917. Report of the Botanical Society and Exchange Club
sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze var. sessiliflora forma sessili- of the British Isles 1916: 611.
flora = A. sessiliflora var. sessiliflora (4) Schinz. 1929. In Schinz & Thellung, Vierteljahrsschrift der
Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Zürich 74: 122, 123.
thyrsoidea Melch. (5) Merxmüller & Roessler. 1967. FSWA 126: 20.
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.25−0.38 m. Alt ± 1220− (6) Philcox. 1990. FZ 8,2: 96–127.
2400 m. FS, KZN, EC (7) Mielcarek. 1996. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 41,1: 96−162.
vogelii Benth. (9) The Plant Names Project. 2002. International Plant Names
A. angustifolia Engl. (4) Index, http://www.ipni.org (accessed on 29-05-2002).
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.13−0.67 m. Alt ± 200−±
1525 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, S, KZN? aethiopica L. = Sutera aethiopica
welwitschii (Hiern) Hemsl. [sunk under A. oroban- africana L. = Bartsia trixago
choides by (10) but used by (11)] asiatica L. = Striga asiatica
A. bainesii of author, not of Hemsl.: Dinter (1917) (4) aurantiaca Burch. = Jamesbrittenia aurantiaca
Melasma welwitschii Hiern (4)
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.06−0.32 m. Alt ± 760−± bilabiata Thunb. = Striga bilabiata var. bilabiata
1830 m. NW, L?, NC, EC? brevibractealis Hiern = B. longespicata
OROBANCHACEAE Alectra DICOTYLEDONS

browniana Schinz = B. hispida hildebrandtii Engl. = B. natalensis

capensis L. = Polycarena capensis natalensis McKen ex Benth.
B. hildebrandtii Engl. (4)
capitata Burm.f., not of Benth., insufficiently known (1) Perennial. Suffrutex, climber or scrambler, parasite.
cernua L. = Chascanum cernuum Ht up to ± 3 m. Alt ± 120−± 760 m. S, KZN
ciliolata Engl. superba Oberm.
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.06−± 0.3 m. Alt ± 1370 Perennial. Suffrutex, climber or scrambler, parasite.
m. LIM, G, M Ht up to ± 3 m. Alt ± 40−1370 m. LIM, M, S,
coccinea (Hook.) Benth., not of Scopoli = Striga asiatica KZN
cuneifolia L.f. = Chascanum cuneifolium CYCNIUM E.Mey. ex Benth. 7623000
dura Benth. emend. Engl.
Annual or perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.06−0.6 m. (1) Engler. 1895. Die Pflanzenwelt Ost-Afrikas und der Nachbar-
Alt ± 9−2300 m. M, S, FS, KZN, WC, EC gebiete, Deutsch Ost-Afrika 5, C: 361.
(2) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 395−400 as Cycnium & Rhamphicarpa.
erinoides Jaroscz (3) Phillips. 1922. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 2: t. 50 (C.
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.05−0.08 m. Alt? Distr.? tubulosum).
(4) Hansen. 1978. Dansk Botanisk Arkiv 32,3: 1−72.
foetida Andrews = Sutera foetida (5) Philcox. 1990. FZ 8,2: 137−141.
gesnerioides Willd. = Striga gesnerioides (6) Mielcarek. 1996. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 41,1: 163−172.
glabrata Benth. = B. simplex tropicale 4: 429, 430.
henriquesii Engl. (8) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 607.
B. rhodesiana S.Moore (2) (9) The Plant Names Project. 2002. International Plant Names
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.11−0.3 m. Alt? N Index, http://www.ipni.org (accessed on 29-05-2002).
hermonthica Delile = Striga hermonthica adoense Benth. & Hook.f. = C. adonense

adonense E.Mey. ex Benth.
hispida Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don C. adoense Benth. & Hook.f. (2)
B. browniana Schinz (5) C. decumbens Gand. (4)
Striga schimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich. (5) C. pentheri Gand. (4)
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.13−0.6 m. Alt 980−1080 C. rectum Gand. (5)
m. N, B Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.06−0.15 m. Alt 150−±
longespicata Schinz 2000 m. B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN, EC
B. brevibractealis Hiern (5) decumbens Gand. = C. adonense
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.08−± 0.6 m. Alt 400− filicalyx (E.A.Bruce) O.J.Hansen
1980 m. N, B, LIM, M, S Rhamphicarpa filicalyx E.A.Bruce (4)
oppositifolia Hort. ex Steud. = Sutera hispida Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.13−0.22 m. Alt? N, B
orobanchoides R.Br., name only = Striga gesnerioides huttoniae Hiern = C. racemosum
pedunculata Andrews = Jamesbrittenia argentea kraussianum Benth. = C. racemosum
pinnatifida L.f. = Chascanum pinnatifidum var. pin- pentheri Gand. = C. adonense
natifidum racemosum Benth.
randii S.Moore C. huttoniae Hiern (4)
C. kraussianum Benth. (1)
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht ± 0.2−0.5 m. Alt? B C. sandersonii Harv. (1)
reducta Hiern Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.1−1.2 m. Alt 180−3050
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.04−0.5 m. Alt 1400−± m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, EC
1730 m. B?, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, L
rectum Gand. = C. adonense
remotiflora Schinz
Biennial or perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht ± 0.35 m. Alt sandersonii Harv. = C. racemosum
± 2165 m. LIM tubatum Benth. = Harveya speciosa
rhodesiana S.Moore = B. henriquesii tubulosum (L.f.) Engl. subsp. montanum (N.E.Br.) Hansen
simplex (Thunb.) Druce Rhamphicarpa montana N.E.Br. (7)
B. glabrata Benth. (3) Annual? Herb, parasite. Length 0.06−0.23 m. Alt
Erinus simplex Thunb. (1, 3) 2135−2440 m. L?
Annual or perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.06−± 0.52 tubulosum (L.f.) Engl. subsp. tubulosum
m. Alt 305−2500 m. NW?, G, M, FS?, S?, KZN, Gerardia tubulosa L.f. (4)
L, WC, EC Rhamphicarpa hamata (Engl. & Gilg) Skan (4, 5)
thunbergii D.Dietr. = Striga bilabiata subsp. bilabiata Rhamphicarpa tubulosa (L.f.) Benth. (4)
Perennial, rarely annual. Herb, parasite, often in damp
viscosa Aiton = Sutera caerulea
habitats or shallow water. Ht 0.07−0.9 m. Alt 3−
BUTTONIA McKen ex Benth. 7611000 1675 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L?,
(1) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 384, 385. NC, WC, EC
(2) Obermeyer. 1936. Journal of South African Botany 2: 163, 164.
(3) Hennessy. 1979. The Flowering Plants of Africa 46: t. 1815 (B. GERARDIA L. 7604000
natalensis).
(4) Philcox. 1990. FZ 8,2: 141−143. dregeana Benth. ex Hochst. = Sopubia simplex
DICOTYLEDONS OROBANCHACEAE Buchnera

nigrina L.f. = Melasma scabrum var. scabrum (9) The Plant Names Project. 2002. International Plant Names
orobanchoides Lam. = Harveya purpurea Note: these are root parasites and, as soil level usually does not show
scabra L.f. = Graderia scabra on herbarium specimens, especially on forms with scale leaves,
heights are difficult to gauge.
sessiliflora Vahl = Alectra sessiliflora var. sessiliflora
anisodonta C.A.Sm.
tubulosa L.f. = Cycnium tubulosum subsp. tubulosum Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht up to ± 0.3 m. Alt ± 1600
m. G
GERARDIINA Engl. 7605000
(1) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 378, 379. bodkinii Hiern
(2) Philcox. 1990. FZ 8,2: 154−156. Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.1−0.2 m. Alt ± 1525 m.
(3) Mielcarek. 1996. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 41,1: 81−85. WC
angolensis Engl. bolusii Kuntze
Annual or perennial. Herb or suffrutex. Ht ± 0.3−0.8 Aulaya capensis of authors, not of Drège: Harv. (1838); Hook.
m. Alt 1220−2140 m. LIM, M, S (1841); Bernh. (1844) (1)
Orobanche capensis of authors, not of Burm.f.: Thunb. (1800 & 1823);
Burch. (1822) (1)
GERDARIA C.Presl 7616000 Orobanche purpurea of author, not of L.f. or Thunb.: Sm. (c. 1810) (1)
dregeana (Benth. ex Hochst.) C.Presl, name only = Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.05−0.25 m. Alt 305−
Sopubia simplex 1555 m. WC, EC
capensis Hook.
GLOSSOSTYLIS Cham. & Schltdl. 7597020 H. lactea (Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl) C.Presl, as ‘Harweya’, name
only (1)
avensis Benth. = Alectra sessiliflora var. monticola H. spectabilis (E.Mey. ex Drège) Hook. ex Steud., as ‘Harwaya’,
capensis Benth. = Alectra sessiliflora var. sessiliflora name only (1, 9)
Orobanche alectra D.Dietr. (1)
Orobanche lactea Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl, name only (1)
GRADERIA Benth. 7614000 Orobanche purpurea L.f. var. β Thunb. (1)
(1) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 388−391, as ‘Bopusia’. Orobanche spectabilis E.Mey. ex Drège, name only (1, 9)
(2) Phillips. 1930. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 10: t. 384 Annual or perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.11−0.65 m.
(G. subintegra).
(3) Melchior. 1932. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und Museums
Alt 91−915 m. WC, EC
zu Berlin-Dahlem 11: 601−605. capensis of author, not of Hook.: Wettst. (1881), figure
(4) Codd. 1964. Bothalia 8: 176. only, insufficiently known (1)
cathcartensis Kuntze
linearifolia Codd Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.25−0.4 m. Alt ± 1400 m.
Perennial. Herb. Ht 0.015−± 0.13 m. Alt ± 2255 m. M EC
scabra (L.f.) Benth. coccinea (Harv.) Schltr.
Bopusia scabra (L.f.) C.Presl (3)
Aulaya coccinea Harv. (1)
Gerardia scabra L.f. (3)
G. scabra (L.f.) Benth. in part (3) Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.01−0.45 m. Alt 4−± 400
Melasma? zeyheri Hook. (3) m. KZN
Sopubia scabra (L.f.) G.Don (3)
crispula Conrath = H. randii
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex, parasite. Ht 0.08−0.65 m.
Alt ± 18−2250 m. G?, M, S, KZN, WC, EC euryantha Schltr.
Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.13−0.3 m. Alt ± 305 m.
scabra (L.f.) Benth. in part = G. scabra WC
scabra (L.f.) Benth. in part = G. subintegra hirtiflora Schltr.
subintegra Mast. Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.05−0.2 m. Alt ± 45 m.
Bopusia subintegra (Mast.) Hiern (3) WC
G. scabra (L.f.) Benth. in part (3)
Perennial. Herb or suffrutex, parasite. Ht 0.06−0.6 m. huttonii Hiern
Alt 670−1985 m. NW, G, M, S Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.15−0.4 m. Alt 915−1415
m. EC
HAEMATOBANCHE C.Presl. 7629000 hyobanchoides Schltr. ex Hiern
sanguinea C.Presl = Hyobanche glabrata Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.1−0.3 m. Alt ± 460−
610 m. EC
HARVEYA Hook. 7627000 lactea (Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl.) C.Presl, as ‘Harweya’,
(1) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 400−415. name only = H. capensis
(2) Ostermeyer. 1910. Annalen des Kaiserlich-königliche Natur-
historischen Hofmuseums, Wien 24: 293−326, specifically 325. laxiflora Hiern
(3) Phillips. 1922. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 2: t. 67 (H. Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.07−0.6 m. Alt 20−800 m.
squamosa). WC
(4) Smith. 1931. Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information 1931:
65−67. leucopharynx Hilliard & B.L.Burtt
(5) Henderson. 1958. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1261 (H. Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.15−0.45 m. Alt 1675−
hyobanchoides). 2550 m. KZN, EC
Edinburgh 43: 377−384. pauciflora (Benth.) Hiern. (species excluded by (8) as
(7) Retief & Herman. 1997. Strelitzia 6: 608, 609. no authentic material found)
(8) Goldblatt & Manning. 2000. Strelitzia 9: 551. Aulaya pauciflora Benth. (1)
OROBANCHACEAE Gerardia DICOTYLEDONS

H. squamosa of author, not of (Thunb.) Steud.: C.Presl (1844), as tubata (E.Mey. ex Drège) Reuter, name only = H. spe-
‘Harweya’ (1) ciosa
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.1−0.3 m. Alt? EC
tubulosa Harv. ex Hiern
pratensis (Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl) C.Presl, as ‘Harweya Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.08−0.6 m. Alt 200−760
(Pseudoharweya)’, name only = H. purpurea m. WC, EC
pulchra Hilliard & B.L.Burtt tulbaghensis (Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl) C.Presl, as
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.1−± 0.4 m. Alt 1850− ‘Harweya (Harweyastrum)’, name only, insuffi-
2745 m. FS, KZN, L, EC ciently known (1)
pumila of author, not of Schltr.: Trauseld (1969) = H. Orobanche tulbaghensis Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl, name only (1)
scarlatina tulbaghiensis Osterm., insufficiently known, probably
pumila Schltr. = H. tulbaghensis (9)
Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.03−0.12 m. Alt 1370− varia (E.Mey. ex Drège) Hook. ex C.Presl as ‘Harweya’,
2440 m. G, M, FS, L, EC name only = Striga gesnerioides
purpurea (L.f.) Harv. ex Hook. vestita Hiern
Aulaya grandiflora Benth. (1) Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht? Alt? ‘SA’
Aulaya purpurea (L.f.) Benth. (1)
Gerardia orobanchoides Lam. (1)
H. pratensis (Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl) C.Presl, as ‘Harweya (Pseudo-
HIERNIA S.Moore 7615000
(1) Clarke. 1900. FTA 5: 261, 262.
harweya)’, name only (1) (2) Merxmüller & Roessler. 1967. FSWA 126: 24.
Orobanche pratensis Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl, name only (1) Note: genus of uncertain position.
Orobanche purpurea L.f. (excl. var. β Thunb.) (1)
Orobanche uitenhagensis Eckl. ex Hook. (1) angolensis S.Moore
Annual or perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.05−0.35 m. Perennial. Dwarf shrub or suffrutex, occ. herb. Ht 0.3−
Alt 0−700 m. WC, EC 0.7 m. Alt 1000−1150 m. N
randii Hiern HYOBANCHE L. 7629000
H. crispula Conrath (5)
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.03−0.1 m. Alt 1070− (1) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 415−419.
(2) Schönland. 1913. Kew Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information
2250 m. LIM, NW, G, FS?, KZN, NC 1913: 301.
scarlatina (Benth.) Hiern (3) Gandoger. 1919. Bulletin de la Societé Botanique de la France.
Aulaya scarlatina Benth. (1) 66: 220.
H. pumila of author, not of Schltr.: Trauseld (1969) (5) (4) Phillips. 1923. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 3: t. 89 (H. fulleri).
Orobanche scarlatina E.Mey. ex Drège, name only (1) (5) Merxmüller & Roessler. 1967. FSWA 126: 25.
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.07−0.2 m. Alt 1950−2735 (6) Hilliard & Burtt. 1986. Notes from the Royal Botanic Garden
Edinburgh 13: 384, 385.
m. KZN, L, EC (7) The Plant Names Project. 2002. International Plant Names
silvatica Hilliard & B.L.Burtt Index, http://www.ipni.org (accessed on 10-06-2002).
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht (0.15–)0.4−0.6(–0.8) m. Note: these plants are root parasites with scale leaves that usually
show only the flowers and perhaps the stem apex above ground.
Alt 0−1950 m. LIM, M, S, KZN, EC Heights given here probably include some underground parts.
speciosa Bernh.
Cycnium tubatum Benth. (1) atropurpurea Bolus
H. tubata (E.Mey. ex Drège) Hook. ex Steud., as ‘Harwaya’, name Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.03−0.1 m. Alt? NC, WC
only (1) barklyi N.E.Br.
H. tubata (E.Mey. ex Drège) Reuter, name only (1) H. sanguinea of author, not of L.: Range (1935) (5)
Orobanche tubata E.Mey. ex Drège, name only (1)
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.05−0.08 m. Alt? N, NC
Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.15−± 1 m. Alt 45−±
2600 m. LIM, G?, S, FS, KZN, L, EC calvescens Gand., insufficiently known (4)
spectabilis (E.Mey. ex Drège) Hook. ex Steud., as coccinea L. ex Steud. = H. sanguinea
‘Harwaya’, name only = H. capensis fulleri E.Phillips
squamosa of author, not of (Thunb.) Steud.: C.Presl Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.04−0.1 m. Alt ± 7.5 m.
(1844), as ‘Harweya’ = H. pauciflora KZN
squamosa (Thunb.) Steud., as ‘Harwaya’ glabrata Hiern
Aulaya capensis of author, not of Harv.: Drège (1847) (1) Haematobanche sanguinea (L.) C.Presl (1)
Aulaya squamosa (Thunb.) Harv. (1) H. sanguinea L. var. β glabra Benth. (1)
Orobanche squammata G.Don (misquote of Thunberg’s name) (1) H. sanguinea L. var. β glabrescens Drège, name only (1)
Orobanche squamosa Thunb. (1) H. sanguinea L. var. β Thunb. (1)
Phelypaea capensis G.Don, as ‘Phelipaea’(1) H. sanguinea? of Burch. (1822) (1)
Annual or perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.08−0.43 m. Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.03−0.1 m. Alt ± 490−±
Alt ± 450 m. WC 1370 m. NC, WC, EC
stenosiphon Hiern robusta Schönland
Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.04−0.6 m. Alt 305− Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht up to 0.23 m. Alt? EC
1220 m. WC, EC rubra N.E.Br.
sulphurea Hiern H. sanguinea of author, not of L.: Trauseld (1969) (6)
Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.06−0.15 m. Alt 700− Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.04−± 0.15 m. Alt 245−±
1310 m. NC, WC 3000 m. FS, KZN, L, WC, EC
tubata (E.Mey. ex Drège) Hook. ex Steud., as ‘Harwaya’, sanguinea L.
name only = H. speciosa H. coccinea L. ex Steud. (1)
DICOTYLEDONS OROBANCHACEAE Harveya

Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.02−± 0.25 m. Alt 0−± sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze in part = Alectra sessiliflora
2440 m. NC, WC, EC var. sessiliflora
sanguinea L. var. β glabra Benth. = H. glabrata viscosa L. = Melasma scabrum var. scabrum
sanguinea L. var. β glabrescens Drège, name only = H.
glabrata OROBANCHE L. 7791000
sanguinea L. var. β Thunb. = H. glabrata (1)
(2)
Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 403.
Hiern & Stapf. 1904. FC 4,2: 421, 422.
sanguinea of author, not of L.: Range (1935) = H. barklyi (3) Stapf. 1906. FTA 4,2: 464−468.
sanguinea of author, not of L.: Thunb. (1792) = Cytinus (4) Graham. 1957. FTEA Orobanchaceae: 1−7.
(5) Philcox. 1990. FZ 8,2: 160, 161.
sanguineus (6) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
sanguinea of author, not of L.: Trauseld (1969) = H. tropicale 4: 448.
rubra (7) The Plant Names Project. 2002. International Plant Names
sanguinea? of Burch. (1822) = H. glabrata
alectra D.Dietr. = Harveya capensis
MACROSIPHON Hochst. 7624010 capensis of authors, not of Burm.f.: Thunb. (1800 &
1823); Burch. (1822) = Harveya bolusii
fistulosus Hochst. = Rhamphicarpa fistulosa
heyniae Dinter = Alectra orobanchoides
MELASMA P.J.Bergius 7597000 interrupta Pers., insufficiently known (7)
(1) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 371−378. O. ramosa of author, not of L.: Thunb. (1800) (7)
(2) Melchior. 1940. Notizblatt des Botanischen Gartens und lactea Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl, name only. = Harveya
Museums zu Berlin-Dahlem 15: 119−127. capensis
(3) Mielcarek. 1996. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 41,1: 77−
81. minor of author, not of Sm.: Thunb (1800 & 1823),
barbatum Hiern = Alectra sessiliflora var. sessiliflora insufficiently known (2)
basuticum E.Phillips = Alectra basutica *minor Sm. (author often given as Sutton in older liter-
capense (Thunb.) Hiern = Alectra capensis ature)
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.1−± 0.4 m. Alt ± 18 m. N,
indicum (Benth.) Wettst. = Alectra sessiliflora var.
EC, WC
monticola
parviflora E.Mey. ex Drège, name only = Alectra oro-
indicum (Benth.) Wettst. var. monticolum Engl. = Alectra
banchoides
sessiliflora var. monticola
pratensis Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl, name only = Harveya
indicum Hiern not Alectra indica Benth. = Alectra lanci-
purpurea
folia
pseudobarleriae Dinter = Alectra pseudobarleriae
luridum (Harv.) Hiern = Alectra lurida
purpurea L.f. (excl. var. β Thunb.) = Harveya pur-
natalense Hiern = Alectra natalensis
purea
orobanchoides (Benth.) Engl. = Alectra orobanchoides
purpurea L.f. var. β Thunb. = Harveya capensis
ovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. = Melasma scabrum var.
purpurea of author, not of L.f. or Thunb.: Sm. (c. 1810)
ovatum
= Harveya bolusii
pictum Hiern = Alectra picta
*ramosa L. var. ramosa
scabrum P.J.Bergius var. ovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) Phelypaea ramosa (L.) C.A.Mey., as ‘Phelipaea’ (2)
Hiern Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.08−0.3 m. Alt 20−1830
M. ovatum E.Mey. ex Benth. (2) m. N, LIM, M, NC, WC
Nigrina ovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) Kuntze (2)
Perennial? Herb, parasite. Ht? Alt? M?, KZN, EC ramosa of author, not of L.: Thunb. (1800) = O. inter-
rupta
scabrum P.J.Bergius var. scabrum
Gerardia nigrina L.f. (1) scarlatina E.Mey. ex Drège, name only = Harveya
Nigrina viscosa L. (1) scarlatina
Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.2−1 m. Alt 305−± 2500 spectabilis E.Mey. ex Drège, name only = Harveya
m. LIM, NW, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC, EC capensis
sessiliflorum (Vahl) Hiern = Alectra sessiliflora var. squammata G.Don (misquote of Thunberg’s name) =
sessiliflora Harveya squamosa
welwitschii Hiern = Alectra welwitschii squamosa Thunb. = Harveya squamosa
zeyheri Hook., as ‘Melasma?’ = Graderia scabra tubata E.Mey. ex Drège, name only = Harveya speciosa
tulbaghensis Eckl. & Zeyh. ex C.Presl, name only =
NIGRINA L. 7597000 Harveya tulbaghensis
ovatum (E.Mey. ex Benth.) Kuntze = Melasma scabrum uitenhagensis Eckl. ex Hook. = Harveya purpurea
var. ovatum varia E.Mey. ex Drège, name only = Striga gesneri-
orobanchoides (Benth.) Kuntze as ‘orobanchodes’ = oides
Alectra orobanchoides
PHELYPAEA Tourn. ex L. 7788000
sessiliflora (Vahl) Kuntze in part = Alectra sessiliflora
var. monticola capensis G.Don, as ‘Phelipaea’ = Harveya squamosa
OROBANCHACEAE Hyobanche DICOTYLEDONS

ramosa (L.) C.A.Mey, as ‘Phelipaea’ = Orobanche Perennial. Herb or suffrutex, parasite. Ht 0.19−0.45 m.
ramosa Alt 550−1220 m. S, KZN
mannii Skan var. tenuifolia (Engl. & Gilg) Hepper
RAPHIDOPHYLLUM Hochst. 7616010 S. dregeana (Benth. ex Hochst.) Benth. var. tenuifolia Engl. & Gilg (3)
simplex Hochst. = Sopubia simplex S. trifida Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don forma humilis Engl. & Gilg (ex-
cluding synonym S. decumbens Hiern) (3)
RHAMPHICARPA Benth. 7624000 Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.18−0.64 m. Alt 940−
emended Engl. 2050 m. N, B, M, FS?, S?, KZN?, L?, EC?
(1) Hansen. 1976 (‘1975’). Botanisk Tidsskrift 70, 2−3: 103−125. scabra (L.f.) G.Don = Graderia scabra
(2) Philcox. 1990. FZ 8,2: 135−137.
(3) Mielcarek. 1996. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 41, 1: simplex (Hochst.) Hochst.
172–174. Gerardia dregeana Benth. ex Hochst. (1)
Gerdaria dregeana (Benth. ex Hochst.) C.Presl, name only (1)
brevipedicellata O.J.Hansen Raphidophyllum simplex Hochst. (4)
R. fistulosa of author, not of (Hochst.) Benth.: Hiern (1904) in part (1) S. dregeana (Benth. ex Hochst.) Benth. in part, illegitimate name (4)
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.08−± 0.45 m. Alt ± 600− Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.2−0.6 m. Alt ± 30−
2000 m. B, LIM, M, S, KZN 1555 m. LIM, G, M, S, KZN, EC
filicalyx E.A.Bruce = Cycnium filicalyx trifida Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don forma humilis Engl. &
fistulosa (Hochst.) Benth. (excl. synonym Macrosiphon Gilg (excluding synonym S. decumbens Hiern) =
elongatus Hochst.) S. mannii var. tenuifolia
Macrosiphon fistulosus Hochst. (1)
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.09−0.6 m. Alt 150−1530 STRIGA Lour. 7625000
m. B, LIM, M, S (1) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 379−384
(2) Verdoorn. 1943. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 23: t. 907
fistulosa of author, not of (Hochst.) Benth.: Hiern (S. elegans).
(1904) in part = R. brevipedicellata (3) Merxmüller & Roessler. 1967. FSWA 126: 41−43.
hamata (Engl. & Gilg) Skan = Cycnium tubulosum (4) Hepper. 1990. FZ 8,2: 127−135.
(5) Mielcarek. 1996. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 41,1:
subsp. tubulosum 174–195.
montana N.E.Br. = Cycnium tubulosum subsp. mon- (6) Lebrun & Stork. 1997. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique
tanum tropicale 4: 442, 443.
tubulosa (L.f.) Benth. = Cycnium tubulosum subsp. (8) The Plant Names Project. 2002. International Plant Names
tubulosum Index, http://www.ipni.org (accessed on 13-06-2002).
asiatica (L.) Kuntze
RHINANTHUS L. 7647000 Buchnera asiatica L. (4)
Buchnera coccinea (Hook.) Benth., not of Scopoli (1, 4)
capensis L. = Bartsia trixago S. coccinea (Hook.) Benth. (1, 4)
scaber Thunb. = Alectra sessiliflora var. sessiliflora S. hirsuta Benth. (1, 4)
S. lutea Lour. (4)
SOPUBIA Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don 7616000 S. lutea Lour. var. coccinea (Hook.) Kuntze (1, 4)
(1) Hiern. 1904. FC 4,2: 385−388. Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.05−0.45 m. Alt 170−2200
(2) Hemsley & Skan. 1906. FTA 4,2: 444−456. m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, EC
(3) Hepper. 1960. Kew Bulletin 14: 402−416.
(4) Hansen. 1975. Kew Bulletin 30: 543−558.
bilabiata (Thunb.) Kuntze subsp. bilabiata
Buchnera bilabiata Thunb. (3)
(5) Philcox. 1990. FZ 8,2: 143−149.
Buchnera thunbergii D.Dietr. (1, 3)
(6) Mielcarek. 1996. Fragmenta Floristica et Geobotanica 41,1: 199−220.
S. thunbergii Benth. (3)
(8) Hoffmann & Fischer. 1998. Adansonia Sér. 3, 20(2): 299–312 Annual or perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.07−± 0.6 m.
(‘all Sopubia species to date are hemiparasites’). Alt ± 30−2440 m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS,
(9) The Plant Names Project. 2002. International Plant Names KZN, L, NC, EC
chloroleuca Dinter = S. gesnerioides
cana Harv. var. cana coccinea (Hook.) Benth. = S. asiatica
Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht (0.1−)0.15−± 0.6 m. Alt
elegans Benth.
1000−2500 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L,
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.06−0.4 m. Alt ± 55−2425
EC
m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
cana Harv. var. glabrescens Diels forbesii Benth.
Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.25−0.45 m. Alt 1370− Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.15−0.6 m. Alt 60−1160
± 2000 m. LIM, NW, G, M, S? m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, KZN
dregeana (Benth. ex Hochst.) Benth. in part, illegitimate gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke ex Engl.
name = S. simplex Buchnera gesnerioides Willd. (3)
dregeana (Benth. ex Hochst.) Benth. var. tenuifolia Buchnera orobanchoides R.Br., name only (4)
Harveya varia (E.Mey. ex Drège) Hook. ex C.Presl as ‘Harweya’,
Engl. & Gilg = S. mannii var. tenuifolia name only (1, 4)
eenii S.Moore = Gomphostigma virgatum Orobanche varia E.Mey. ex Drège, name only (1, 4)
S. chloroleuca Dinter (3)
fastigiata Hiern = S. karaguensis var. karaguensis S. orobanchoides (R.Br.) Benth. (4)
karaguensis Oliv. var. karaguensis Perennial. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.04−0.6 m. Alt 4−1830
S. fastigiata Hiern (4) m. N, B, LIM, NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC
DICOTYLEDONS OROBANCHACEAE Phelypaea

hermonthica (Delile) Benth. orobanchoides (R.Br.) Benth. = S. gesnerioides

Buchnera hermonthica Delile (3)
schimperiana Hochst. ex A.Rich. = Buchnera hispida
Annual. Herb, parasite. Ht 0.4−0.6 m. Alt? N
hirsuta Benth. = S. asiatica thunbergii Benth. = S. bilabiata var. bilabiata
junodii Schinz thunbergii Benth. var. β grandiflora Benth., insuffi-
Annual? Herb, parasite. Ht 0.28−± 0.6 m. Alt 45−610 ciently known (1)
m. M, KZN
lutea Lour. = S. asiatica TRIXAGO Stev. 7646000
lutea Lour. var. coccinea (Hook.) Kuntze = S. asiatica apula Stev. = Bartsia trixago
OXALIDACEAE
Compiled by L.L. Dreyer & M.C. Makgakga
BIOPHYTUM DC. 3937000 Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 200–400 m.

(1) Exell. 1963. Flora zambesiaca 2: 156–162. WC
(2) Lebrun & Stork. 1991. Énumération des plantes à fleurs d’Afrique aemula Schltr. ex R.Knuth = O. purpurea
tropicale 1: 107.
abyssinicum Steud. ex A.Rich. albella R.Knuth = O. pseudo-cernua
B. reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzsch (1) albiuscula T.M.Salter
B. reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzsch subsp. abyssinicum (Steud. ex
A.Rich.) Steenis (1)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.02–0.03 m. Alt 152–976 m.
Annual. Herb. Ht? Alt? N NC
algoensis Eckl. & Zeyh.
reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzsch = B. abyssinicum O. collina Eckl. & Zeyh. (3)
reinwardtii (Zucc.) Klotzsch subsp. abyssinicum (Steud. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.04–0.12 m. Alt 152–976 m.
ex A.Rich.) Steenis = B. abyssinicum EC
ambigua Jacq.
O. rubroflora Jacq. (3)
OXALIS L. 3936000 Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.04–0.12 m. Alt 580–671 m.
(1) Phillips. 1924. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 4: t. 153. NC, WC
(2) Salter. 1935. The Flowering Plants of South Africa 15: t. 579.
(3) Salter. 1944. Journal of South African Botany Suppl. Vol. 1: 1–355. amblyodonta T.M.Salter
(4) Salter. 1951. The Flowering Plants of Africa 28: t. 1094. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.14 m. Alt 250–500 m.
(5) Marais. 1957. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: t. 1258. WC
(6) Salter. 1958. The Flowering Plants of Africa 32: tt. 1275–1277.
(7) Salter. 1959. The Flowering Plants of Africa 33: tt. 1297–1298, amblyosepala Schltr.
1303A–C. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt ± 300 m. WC
(8) Salter. 1961. The Flowering Plants of Africa 34: tt. 1323, 1324.
(9) Salter. 1961. The Flowering Plants of Africa 34: tt. 1336, 1337,
amoena Jacq. = O. polyphylla var. polyphylla
1349A, 1349B. anemonoides Eckl. & Zeyh. = O. heterophylla
(10) Salter. 1962. The Flowering Plants of Africa 35: tt. 1362–1364.
(11) Merxmüller. 1966. FSWA 63: 2–8. angusta Sond. = O. adspersa
(12) Schreiber. 1967. Botanische Jahrbücher 86: 293–308. annae F.Bolus
(13) Ross. 1982. The Flowering Plants of Africa 47: t. 1850. O. bella R.Knuth (3)
(14) Glen. 1986. The Flowering Plants of Africa 49: t. 1929. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.02–0.06 m. Alt 400–600 m.
tropicale 1: 107. NC, WC
(16) Bayer. 1992. Herbertia 48: 58–69. anomala T.M.Salter
(17) Oliver. 1993. Bothalia 23: 72–74. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.12–0.18 m. Alt 500–600 m.
(18) Watson. 1997. European garden flora 5: 18–26.
(19) Dreyer & Van Wyk. 1998. Grana 37: 337–342. WC
(20) Williamson. 1999. Aloe 36: 68–70. approximata Sond. = O. eckloniana var. sonderi
(21) Bayer. 2000. In Goldblatt & Manning, Strelitzia 9: 552–560.
(22) Dreyer & Johnson. 2000. South African Journal of Botany 66: arenosa F.Bolus = O. recticaulis
130–132. argillacea F.Bolus
(23) Oberlander et al. 2002. Bothalia 32: 97–100.
adenodes Sond. NC, WC
O. aureo-ciliata F.Bolus (3)
O. ipomaeiflora Schltr. ex R.Knuth (3) argyrophylla T.M.Salter
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.03–0.08 m. Alt? NC Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 100–200 m.
WC
adspersa Eckl. & Zeyh.
O. angusta Sond. (3) aridicola T.M.Salter
O. florida E.Mey. ex Sond. (3) Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.13 m. Alt 400–500 m.
O. meyeri Sond. (3) WC
O. pallida T.M.Salter & Exell (3)
O. pillosella R.Knuth (3) asinina Jacq. = O. fabifolia
OROBANCHACEAE Striga DICOTYLEDONS

atrata Weintroub = O. obtusa Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.04–0.06 m. Alt? WC

attaquana T.M.Salter camelopardalis T.M.Salter
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.13 m. Alt up to 600 m. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.04–0.07 m. Alt 150–600 m.
WC WC
aurea Schltr. campicola T.M.Salter
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 200–300 m. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.01–0.07 m. Alt ± 518 m.
WC NC
aureo-ciliata F.Bolus = O. adenodes campylorrhiza T.M.Salter
ausensis R.Knuth Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt ± 986 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.02–0.04 m. Alt? N, NC NC, WC
austro-orientalis R.Knuth ex Engl., naked name = O. capillacea E.Mey. ex Sond.
extensa Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.04–0.07 m. Alt 150–600 m.
WC
balsamifera E.Mey. ex Sond. = O. luteola
caprina L.
bella R.Knuth = O. annae Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt 50–200 m.
beneprotecta Dinter ex R.Knuth WC
O. bullulata T.M.Salter (11)
O. parvicormus Dinter (11) caprina Eckl. & Zeyh. = O. livida var. altior
O. pulchella Jacq. var. beneprotecta (R.Knuth) T.M.Salter (12) cathara T.M.Salter
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.03–0.06 m. Alt? KZN, NC, Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt ± 305 m. NC
WC, EC cernua Thunb. = O. pes-caprae var. pes-caprae
bifida Thunb. ciliariflora Eckl. & Zeyh. = O. obtusa
WC ciliaris Jacq. var. ciliaris
O. mundtii Sond. (3)
bifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. = O. eckloniana var. sonderi Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.03–0.3 m. Alt 300–600 m.
bifurca Lodd. var. angustiloba Sond. WC
O. bifurca Lodd. var. incana Eckl. & Zeyh. (3) ciliaris Jacq. var. pageae (L.Bolus) T.M.Salter
O. incana Eckl. & Zeyh. (3) O. pageae L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt 153–1769 m. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.03–0.3 m. Alt 300–600 m.
EC WC
bifurca Lodd. var. bifurca clavifolia Sond.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.15–0.3 m. Alt? EC Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.2 m. Alt? NC
bifurca Lodd. var. incana Eckl. & Zeyh. = O. bifurca collina Eckl. & Zeyh. = O. algoensis
var. angustiloba
commutata Sond. var. commutata
blastorrhiza T.M.Salter O. tenella Eckl. & Zeyh. (3)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.03–0.06 m. Alt? NC Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 50–300 m.
bowiei Lindl. WC
O. purpurata Lindl. var. bowiei (Lindl.) Sond. (3) commutata Sond. var. concolor T.M.Salter
O. vigilans L.Bolus (3)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.01–0.03 m. Alt 50–300 m. WC
KZN, EC
commutata Sond. var. montana T.M.Salter
brachycarpa Schltr. = O. pallens Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 50–300 m.
brevicaulis Sond. = O. hirta var. hirta WC
breviscapa Jacq. = O. purpurea commutata Sond. var. pusilla R.Knuth = O. depressa
bullulata T.M.Salter = O. beneprotecta comosa E.Mey. ex Sond.
burkei Sond. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.3–0.8 m. Alt 915–1464 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.03–0.1 m. Alt 300–600 m. NC
WC compressa L.f. var. compressa
burkei Sond. var. multiglandulosa Sond. = O. pardalis Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.12–0.25 m. Alt 100–200 m.
burtoniae T.M.Salter WC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.06–0.17 m. Alt 100–200 m. compressa L.f. var. purpurascens T.M.Salter
WC Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.12–0.25 m. Alt 100–200 m.
calligera Sond. = O. foveolata WC
callimarginata Weintroub = O. goniorrhiza comptonii T.M.Salter
callosa R.Knuth
O. oculata T.M.Salter (3) confertifolia (Kuntze) R.Knuth
O. densifolia Sond. (3)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.02–0.09 m. Alt ± 500 m. O. densifolia Turcz. (3)
WC Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.04–0.07 m. Alt 150–600 m.
calvinensis R.Knuth WC
DICOTYLEDONS OXALIDACEAE Oxalis

convexula Jacq. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt 300–500 m.

Perennial. Geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.04–0.14 m. Alt? NC, WC
WC droseroides E.Mey. ex Sond.
convexula Jacq. var. dilatata Eckl. & Zeyh. = O. depressa O. saronensis F.Bolus (3)
O. semiglandulosa Sond. (3)
copiosa F.Bolus Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.07–0.15 m. Alt 300–500 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.06–0.14 m. Alt 1224–1329 WC
m. NC
duriuscula Schltr.
*corniculata L. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.22 m. Alt 100–500 m.
O. repens Thunb. (3)
WC
Annual. Herb. Ht 0.02–0.05 m. Alt? B, LIM, NW, G,
M, S, FS, KZN, L, NC, WC, EC ebracteata Savign.
O. laxa E.Mey. (3)
creaseyi T.M.Salter Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.08–0.3 m. Alt 300–500 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.03–0.04 m. Alt? NC WC
crispula Sond. eckloniana C.Presl var. eckloniana
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.03–0.05 m. Alt? NC O. salmonicolor Schltr. (3)
crocea T.M.Salter Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 50–200 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? NC WC
cuneata Jacq. eckloniana C.Presl var. hopefieldiana R.Knuth
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.04–0.08 m. Alt? NC O. purpurea Thunb. var. hopefieldiana R.Knuth (3)
cuprea Lodd. = O. obtusa WC
dammeriana Schltr. = O. depressa eckloniana C.Presl var. montigena (Schltr.) R.Knuth
davyana R.Knuth O. purpurea Thunb. var. montigena (Schltr.) R.Knuth (3)
O. galpinii Burtt Davy (3) Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 50–200 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.4 m. Alt 1300–1372 m. WC
M eckloniana C.Presl var. robusta T.M.Salter
decipiens Schltr. = O. purpurea Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt 50–200 m.
decora R.Knuth = O. tenella WC
densa N.E.Br. eckloniana C.Presl var. sonderi T.M.Salter
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.02–0.04 m. Alt 730–1130 O. approximata Sond. (3)
O. bifolia Eckl. & Zeyh. (3)
m. NC, WC
densifolia Sond. = O. confertifolia WC
densifolia Turcz. = O. confertifolia edwardsiae F.Bolus = O. pulchella var. glauca
dentata Jacq. = O. livida var. altior engleriana Schltr.
denticulata Wolley-Dod = O. nidulans var. denticulata O. guthriei F.Bolus (3)
depressa Eckl. & Zeyh.
O. commutata Sond. var. pusilla R.Knuth (3) NC, WC
O. convexula Jacq. var. dilatata Eckl. & Zeyh. (3) exserta T.M.Salter
O. dammeriana Schltr. (3) Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.04–0.1 m. Alt ± 1706 m.
O. otaviensis R.Knuth (3)
NC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.04–0.12 m. Alt? B, LIM,
NW, G, M, S, FS, KZN, NC, EC extensa T.M.Salter
O. austro-orientalis R.Knuth ex Engl., naked name (11)
deserticola T.M.Salter Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.04–0.07 m. Alt? NC
fabifolia Jacq.
dichotoma T.M.Salter O. asinina Jacq. (3)
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt 400–600 m. Perennial. Geophyte, succulent. Ht 0.05–0.15 m. Alt
WC 255–403 m. NC
dilatata L.Bolus falcata Sond. = O. falcatula
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.04–0.07 m. Alt 200–400 m. falcatula T.M.Salter
WC, EC O. falcata Sond. (3)
dines Ornduff Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.18 m. Alt 75–200 m.
O. disticha Jacq. var. alba T.M.Salter (12) WC
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.05–0.1 m. Alt? EC fergusonae T.M.Salter
disticha Jacq. Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.1–0.2 m. Alt 300–600 m.
Perennial. Geophyte. Ht 0.03–0.04 m. Alt 180–400 m. WC, EC
WC

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S T R E L I T Z I A 14

G. Germishuizen & N.L. Meyer

* See Bothalia 28: 271–297 (1998).

Technical Editor: Emsie du Plessis

Cover design: by Sandra Turck

How to cite this publication

Changes over ten years

Families Genera Species Taxa

Arrangement and circumscription of families, genera, species and infraspecific taxa

G. Germishuizen & N.L. Meyer

Definitions of life forms

CAMPYLIADELPHUS (Schimp.) 9774100 sparsus Müll.Hal.

CRATONEURON (Sull.) Spruce 9774200 caudicaule (Müll.Hal.) Broth.

ANDREAEA Hedw. 9734800 WC

AMBLYSTEGIACEAE Campyliadelphus BRYOPHYTA

ANOMODON Hook. & Taylor 9762200 HERPETINEURON (Müll.Hal.) 9772740

ARCHIDIUM Brid. 9736100 julicaule Müll.Hal.

BRYOPHYTA ANOMODONTACEAE Anomodon

Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 5 mm. Alt? EC africana (Müll.Hal.) Rehmann ex Paris

BRACHYTHECIUM Schimp. 9775400 WC, EC

BARTRAMIACEAE Bartramia BRYOPHYTA

PALAMOCLADIUM Müll.Hal. 9775700 RHYNCHOSTEGIUM Bruch & 9776000

BRYOPHYTA BRACHYTHECIACEAE Brachythecium

BRUCHIACEAE Bruchia BRYOPHYTA

argenteum Hedw. WC, EC

donianum Grev. zierii (Dicks. ex Hedw.) Lindb.

BRYOBARTRAMIA Sainsbury 9745900 novae-valesiae (Broth. ex G.Roth) I.G.Stone & G.A.M.Scott

BRYOPHYTA BRYACEAE Bryum

CALYMPERES Sw. ex F.Weber 9740800 albidum Hedw.

CALYMPERACEAE Calymperes BRYOPHYTA

CALYPTROCHAETA Desv. 9768200 DISTICHOPHYLLUM Dozy & 9768400

AMPHIDIUM Schimp. 9757900 (3) Zijlstra. 1998. Taxon 47: 860.

BRYOPHYTA DALTONIAEAE Calyptrochaeta

Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht up to 30 mm. Alt ± 15–3240 m. nanophyllus Müll.Hal. ex Broth.

DICRANACEAE Campylopus BRYOPHYTA

C. chlorotrichus (Müll.Hal.) Paris (6, 8, 10) LEUCOLOMA Brid. 9739600

HOLOMITRIUM Brid. 9739400 OREOWEISIA (Bruch & Schimp.). 9739900

LEPTOTRICHELLA (Müll.Hal.) 9739450 PLATYNEURON (Cardot) Broth. 9739950

BRYOPHYTA DICRANACEAE Campylopus

Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 30–70 mm. Alt 1375–2125 SPHAEROTHECIUM Hampe 9740100

ASTOMIOPSIS Müll.Hal 9736600 brachypodum (Müll.Hal.) Broth.

DICRANACEAE Platyneuron BRYOPHYTA

SAELANIA Lindb. 9737300 TRISTICHIUM Müll.Hal. 9737400

ENCALYPTA Hedw. 9741600 Perennial. Bryophyte. Ht 5–20 mm. Alt 1825–3240 m.

ENTODON Müll.Hal. 9776500 Alt 300–3000 m. LIM, M, S, FS, KZN, L, WC,

EPHEMERUM Hampe 9747900 Annual. Bryophyte. Ht up to 1 mm. Alt 175–854 m.

BRYOPHYTA DITRICHACEAE Saelania

EUSTICHIA (Brid.) Brid. 9752700 longirostris (Brid.) Brid.

DIMERODONTIUM Mitt. 9769600 Alt 610–1200 m. LIM, M, KZN, WC, EC

ERPODIACEAE Aulacopilum BRYOPHYTA

LEVIERELLA Müll.Hal. 9776700 perserrata P.de la Varde & J.-F.Leroy

FISSIDENS Hedw. 9735400 erosulus (Müll.Hal.) Paris

BRYOPHYTA FABRONIACEAE Ischyrodon

parvilimbatus Sim = F. bogosicus N, LIM, NW, G, M, FS, KZN, L, NC, EC

FONTINALIS Hedw. 9760200 Perennial. Bryophyte, hydrophyte. Length up to 300

CYGNICOLLUM Fife & Magill 9748400 marginatus Müll.Hal. = Funaria limbata

FISSIDENTACEAE Fissidens BRYOPHYTA

bergiana (Hornsch.) Broth. urceolata (Mitt.) Magill

longicollis Dixon niloticum (Delile) Lindb.

CHAMAEBRYUM Thér. & Dixon 9747200 repens (Hook.) Lindb.

BRYOPHYTA FUNARIACEAE Funaria

GRIMMIA Hedw. 9746400 KZN, L

GRIMMIACEAE Grimmia BRYOPHYTA