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  • Fboideae (Papilionaceae)

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    The document summarizes the legume family (Fabaceae), including its systematic position within the plant kingdom, worldwide distribution, diagnostic characters, common plant genera, and economic importance. Some key points are: it is a large economically important family found worldwide except Antarctica and Arctic; plants range from herbs to trees; flowers have distinctive papilionaceous corollas and pistil mechanism aiding pollination; many genera provide pulses, vegetables, oils, fibers, fodder and other uses.

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    The document summarizes the legume family (Fabaceae), including its systematic position within the plant kingdom, worldwide distribution, diagnostic characters, common plant genera, and economic importance. Some key points are: it is a large economically important family found worldwide except Antarctica and Arctic; plants range from herbs to trees; flowers have distinctive papilionaceous corollas and pistil mechanism aiding pollination; many genera provide pulses, vegetables, oils, fibers, fodder and other uses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    85 views34 pages

    Fboideae (Papilionaceae)

    Uploaded by

    manojtbgri5793
    The document summarizes the legume family (Fabaceae), including its systematic position within the plant kingdom, worldwide distribution, diagnostic characters, common plant genera, and economic importance. Some key points are: it is a large economically important family found worldwide except Antarctica and Arctic; plants range from herbs to trees; flowers have distinctive papilionaceous corollas and pistil mechanism aiding pollination; many genera provide pulses, vegetables, oils, fibers, fodder and other uses.

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    of 34

    LEGUMINOSAE

    (LEGUME/PEA FAMILY)
    SUB FAMILY: FABOIDEAE (PAPILIONOIDEAE)
    NOW: FAMILY FABACEAE/PAPILIONACEAE
    SYSTEMATIC POSITION

    • CLASS : DICOTYLEDONS
    • SUBCLASS : POLYPETALAE
    • SERIES : CALYCIFLORAE
    • ORDER : ROSALES
    • FAMILY : LEGUMINOSAE
    • SUBFAMILY: FABOIDEAE
    INTRODUCTION
    • The Fabaceae commonly known as the legume, pea,
    or bean family, are a large and economically
    important family of flowering plants.
    • The Fabaceae have an essentially worldwide
    distribution, being found everywhere except Antarctica
    and the high Arctic. 
    • The trees are often found in tropical regions, while the
    herbaceous plants and shrubs are predominant outside
    the tropics
    DIAGNOSTIC CHARACTERS
    • Tap root with nodules
    inhabiting Rhizobium
    • Leaves simple or
    compound with
    pulvinate base
    • Racemose inflorescence
    • Perigynous and
    zygomorphic flower
    • Papilionaceous corolla
    with descendingly
    imbricate aestivation
    (vexillary aestivation)
    • Stamens generally
    ten, monadelphous or
    diadelphous
    • Monocarpellary ovary
    with ovules on
    marginal placenta
    • Fruit is a legume
    Common plants
    • Abrus precatorius Butea monosperma
    …Common plants
    • Clitoria ternatea Crotalaria pallida
    …Common plants
    • Dalbergia latifolia Desmodium gyrans
    …Common plants
    • Desmodium triflorum Desmodium triquetrum Erythrina stricta
    …Common plants
    • Indigofera tinctoria Pongamia pinnata Tephrosia purpurea
    HABIT
    • Mostly herbs or
    shrubs, a few trees
    also.
    • Desmodium
    triflorum and Zornia
    gibbosa are
    prostrate herbs,
    while Crotalaria
    alata is a perennial
    shrub.
    • Abrus, Clitoria,
    Lathyrus,
    Pisum etc. are
    climbers
    • Rhynchosia is a
    liana
    • Dalbergia, Pterocarpus, Pongamia etc are trees
    • The members are generally mesophytes, but a few like Ulex
    show xerophytic characters.
    ROOTS & LEAVES
    • ROOTS – Normal tap root type having nodules, inhabited by the
    symbiotic bacterium Rhizobium, which fixes atmospheric nitrogen
    • LEAVES – Simple or compound, alternate and stipulate. When
    compound, either trifoliolate or imparipinnate.
    • Stipules are leaf-like or foliaceous in Lathyrus and Pisum.
    • Leaf base is swollen or pulvinate.
    • Leaves of Desmodium gyrans show turgor movements.
    • The terminal leaflets of Pisum sativum are modified into tendrils.
    • However, the leaves are spiny in Ulex
    INFLORESCENCE
    • Usually racemes or spikes
    • In Crotalaria, flowers are
    arranged in terminal or leaf-
    opposed racemes
    • In Cajanus, it is corymbose
    raceme or form a terminal
    panicle
    • In Cicer, it is solitary and
    axillary
    • In Dalbergia, it is a terminal
    or a lateral panicle
    FLOWERS
    • Bracteate, bracteolate, bisexual, strongly zygomorphic,
    perigynous and pentamerous. The thalamus is usually
    hollowed out to form a small cup
    CALYX
    • Sepals 5, gamospepalous. Aestivation is valvate. Odd
    sepal is anterior. The calyx is 2 lipped in Aeschynomene
    COROLLA
    • Petals 5, free and irregular
    • Corolla is papilionaceous i.e. there is an erect
    posterior petal, called standard petal, which overlap
    the edges of 2 lateral petals, called wing petals
    • Wing petals, in turn, overlap the 2 lower petals
    called keel petals
    • Keel petals fuse along the lower margin formin a
    keel
    • Standard petal is butterfly like and hence the corolla
    is called papilionaceous
    • Aestivation is descendingly imbricate or vexillary
    ANDROECIUM

    • Stemens 10, enclosed by the keel


    • They are diadelphous in Alysicarpus, Desmodium and Tephrosia, where 9
    stamens unite to form a bundle and the 10th one remains free
    • The free stamen is always opposite to the standard petal
    • In Aeschynomene and Smithia, the stamens are 10, but forms 2 bundles of
    5 stamens each (diadelphous)
    • In Crotalaria, they are monadelphous with all
    the 10 stamens uniing to a single bundle
    • In Abrus and Pongamia also, the stamens are
    monadelphous, while in Sophora all the 10
    stamens are free. Sometimes, stamens are only
    9 as in Dalbergia
    • The filaments become free towards the apex of
    the tube and bear bithecous anthers
    GYNOECIUM
    • Monocarpellary, unilocular and half inferior
    • Ovary usually with several anatropous or
    amphitropous ovules arraned alternately on
    marginal placenta
    • Each carpel has a short stalk, flattened ovary,
    terminal style and a capitate stigma
    • In Arachis, the ovules are only 2 to 4
    POLLINATION

    • Pollination is by Piston mechanism


    • The flowers are horizontally placed on the axis and each flower has an
    erect, highly attractive standard petal
    • Honey is stored up in the staminal tube, round the base of the ovary
    • The keel encloses and protects the essential organs
    • The flowers are visited by bees and the wing petals act as the landing
    place for the insect visitor. The insect sits on the wing petal and its
    weight lowers them
    • The keel petals and wing petals are firmly joined due to the
    interlocking of the hairs on the opposite faces
    • The weight of the insect on the wings lowers the keel and
    as a result, the essential organs are brought out of the keel
    and they rub against the abdomen of the insect visitor
    • The stigma usually comes out first. It the insect is carrying
    any pollen from a previous visit, it adheres on the stigma
    and thus cross pollination is effected
    • When the insect flies off carrying a fresh load of pollen, the
    keel and wings resume their positions
    • It is seen in plants like Crotalaria, Clitoria, Trifolium etc
    FRUIT
    • It is a legume, which
    is straight or twisted
    (bean, Abrus)
    • The pod is inflated in
    Crotalaria, while it is
    compressed in
    Pongamia
    • In Desmodium and
    Zornia, the fruit is a
    lomentum
    SEEDS

    • Seeds are non edospermic


    PLANTS OF ECONOMIC
    IMPORTANCE
    Pulses
    Cajanus cajan (Thuvara)
    Cicer areitinum (Kadala)
    Dolichos lablab (Muthira)
    Glycine max (Soya bean)
    Phaseolus aureus (Cherupayar)
    Pisum sativum (Pattanipayar)
    Vigna unguiculata (Cowpea)
    • Vegetables- Cyanopsis tetragonoloba
    (Cluster bean)
    • Oil yielding – Arachis hypogaea
    • Condiments – Trigonella foenum-graceum
    • Fibres – Crotalaria juncea
    • Fodder – Millettia auriculata, Gliricidia
    • Medicinal – Abrus precatorius, Desmodium
    gangeticum, Desmodium motorium, Indifofera
    tinctoria, Pseudarthria viscida, Pterocarpus
    santalinum, Pongamia glabra
    • Dye – Indigofera tinctoria
    • Timber – Dalbergia latifolia, Pterocarpus marsupium
    • Ornamentals – Arachis glabrata, Butea monosperma,
    Clitoria ternatea, Erythrina indica, Sesbania
    grandiflora

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