Family meliaceae
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Distribution Vegetative characters Floral characters Economic Importance of Meliaceae
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Family meliaceae
- 2. Distribution of Meliaceae: • This family is also called Mahogany family. • It includes 50 genera and 1400 species according to Willis. • In India it is represented by 20 genera and 70 species. • It is widely distributed in tropics of both the hemispheres.
- 3. Vegetative characters 1. Habit Mostly woody trees rarely shrubs, often with a characteristic smell. 2. Roots Much branched tap root. 3. Stem Woody much branched, erect, solid. 4. Leaves Alternate, exstipulate, pinnately compound rarely simple, without transparent dots or glandular dots, serrate margin.
- 4. Floral characters 1. Inflorescence Cymose panicles often axillary. 2. Flower • Pedicellate • Bracteate • Complete • hermaphrodite or polygamous • Actinomorphic • hypogynous • pentamerous, with a necticiferous disc.
- 5. Cont. 3. Calyx • Sepals 4-5 • small poly- or gamoseplaous (connate at the base) • imbricate rarely valvate aestivation • inferior
- 6. 4. Corolla • Petals 4-5 rarely 3 to 8 • Polypetalous rarely connate at the base or adnate to the staminal tube • Imbricate or twisted aestivation • Inferior.
- 7. 5. Androecium • Stamens 8-10 • Inserted outside the base of hypogynous disc • Filaments united to form a columnar tube (monadelphous; cedrela) • Anthers bithecous • Erect • Introrse • Longitudinal dehiscence • Necticiferous disc present or absent.
- 8. 6. Gynoecium: • Carpels 2-5 • Syncarpous • Superior • 2-5 locular • axile placentation • with 1-2 ovules in each loculus • single style • stigma capitate • discoid or lobed.
- 10. 7. Fruit: • Berry • capsule or drupe. 8. Seed • Winged • Albuminous Or Exalbuminous 9. Pollination • Entomophilous, due to the presence of nectaries
- 11. 10. Floral formula 11. Floral Diagram
- 12. Economic Importance of Meliaceae The family is not of great economic importance. 1. Oil: • The seeds of Melia azadirachta (H. Neem) yield the ‘margossa’ oil of commerce. • The oil is used in soap industry and medicinally in rheumatism and skin diseases. • The oil of Carapa guianensis is used as an illuminant. • The oil of Cedrela i.e., cedar oil is used in microscopy.
- 13. 2. Medicines • Almost every part of Melia azadirachta possesses some medicinal properties. • The bark, root bark and young fruits are used as a tonic antiperiodic and alterative. Leaves are used as poultice and applied to boils, the twigs as tooth brushes. • Decoction of leaves is antiseptic and used to wash ulcers and eczema. • The oil is used in rheumatism and skin diseases. • Dry flowers are used as a tonic and stomachic. • It is blood purifier. • The bark of Cedrela tonna is used as astringent, tonic and antiperiodic in chronic dysentery.
- 14. 3. Timber • The wood of Cedrela toona (H. Tun), is used for furniture, carving and also for cigar boxes • The Swietenia mahoganii, Khaya senegalensis produce cabinet wood 4. Ornamentals • Some of the plants viz., Melia, Amoora, Swietenia are grown in gardens
- 15. Common plants of the family • Melia azadirachta (H. Neem, Margosa tree): Contains margosic acid. • Cedrela toona (H. Tun., Indian Mahogany): Cultivated for wood; flowers yield dye called “Vasanti”. • Chloroxylon (stain wood): valuable timber tree. • Carapa obovata : Small tree of Sundarbans. • Swietenia maliogani: Beautiful tree with shining wood.