PTEROCARPUS- TANNINS
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Tannins are one of the most widely occuring group of natural substances in different families of higher plants. They are of two types- 1. Hydrolysable 2. Condensed The pterocarpus is an example of condensed tannins which are non-hydrolysable.
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PTEROCARPUS- TANNINS
- 2. Vernacular Names- Bijasal (Hindi); Indian kino tree; Malabar kino (English);Red sandal wood; (Trade) or Rakta Chandan.
- 3. Kingdom Plantae Clade Angiosperms Clade Eudicots Clade Rosids Order Fabales Family Fabaceae Submaily Faboideae Tribe Dalbergiae Genus Pterocarpus Species P. macrocarpus
- 5. Basic Characters • Tree- Pterocarpus is a deciduous tree that can grow up to 30 m (98 ft) tall. Leaves and flowers- The leaves are alternate, 3–9 cm long, trifoliate with three leaflets. The flowers are produced in short racemes. • Fruit- The fruit is a pod 6–9 cm long containing one or two seeds. • Bark- 50–150 cm diameter. • Other- It is fast-growing when young, reaching 5 metres (16 ft) tall in three years, even on degraded soils. It is not frost tolerant, being killed by temperatures of −1 °C. Macroscopic Character • Colour- Ruby Red • Odour- None • Taste- Astringent • Size- About 3-10mm granules. • Shape- angular grains • Extra Feature- The pieces of kino are angular, glistening, transparent, breaking with vitreous fracture. It is partly soluble in water (about 80-90-%), completely soluble in alcohol (90%).
- 6. Kino contains about 70–80% of kinotannic acid, kino-red, k- pyrocatechin (catechol), resin and gallic acid. Kinotannic acid is glucosidal tannin, whereas kino-red is anhydride of kinoin. Kinoin is an insoluble phlobaphene and is produced by the action of oxydase enzyme. It is darker in colour than kinotannic acid. Roots contain liquid-ritigenin, garbanzol, pterosupin, pseudo- dobatigenin, and 5-deoxy-kaempferol. Kino gum contains kitannic acid.
- 7. When the solution of drug is treated with ferrous sulphate, green colour is produced. With alkali (like potassium hydroxide) violet colour is produced. With mineral acid, a precipitate is obtained. Water soluble extractives- not less than 18.75% Alcohol insoluble extractives- not less than 80.0%
- 8. 1. Astringent- Used as an astringent for boils, skin eruptions and ulcers; 2. Toothache 3. Dysentry and Diarrhea 4. Passive haemorrhage 5. Diabetes- The aqueous infusion of the wood is considered to be of much use in diabetes 6. Anti fungal activity-plant extract reacts on the growth of various fungal growth like Piricularia Oryzae as well as colletotrichum falactum 7. Hypoglycemia- The alcoholic, as well as, aqueous extracts of heartwood are known to possess hypoglycaemic action. 8. Printing 9. Other-Dying and Tanning
- 9. It is the one of the components of the preparation known as Gludibit (Lupin Herbal Laboratory) and Diabecon (Hima-laya Drug Company) for diabetes mellitus. The cups made of wood are available with Khadi and Gramodyog commission for treatment of diabetes.
- 10. Pharmacognosy, C. K. Kokate, A. P. Purohit, S. B. Gokhale, 54th Edition, Nirali Prakashan, Drugs Containing Tannins, Page 10.19-10.20. http://www.pharmacy180.com/article/black- catechu-323/