FAMILY FABACEAE
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Family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is generally characterized by typical legume fruit and the ability to symbiotically fix nitrogen. Among the three subfamilies, Papilionoideae is the largest and possesses the lion’s share of economically important legumes including pulses and forages. Although monophyletic origin is generally considered, traces of polyphyly and paraphyly are evidenced in the subfamilies Mimosoideae and Caesalpinioideae by molecular phylogenetic studies. Development of robust cytogenetic stocks (aneuploids, polyploids, chromosomal aberrations, somaclonal variants, transformants, etc.) and novel functional genomic tools (mutants, molecular markers, DNA libraries, barcode sequences, etc.) have paved the way to legume classical and molecular breeding for high-yield, nutritional quality, biotic and abiotic stress tolerance, and enhancement of its bioactive natural antioxidants.
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FAMILY FABACEAE
- 2. 2 Classification Division : Spermatophyta Sub division :Angiospermae Class : Dicotyledonae Sub class : Polypetalae Series : Calyciflorae Order : Rosales Family : Fabaceae
- 3. FAMILY – LEGUMINOSAE / FABACEAE Sub-family 1. Papilionoideae Sub-family 2. Caesalpinioideae Sub-family 3. Mimosoideae 3
- 5. ❖ This family is also known as Papilionaceae or Fabaceae or commonly known as pea family. ❖It is considered to be the second largest family of dicotyledonous plants. ❖It is a terrestrial plant widely distributed in temperate and tropical countries of the world. ❖The plants are of great economic importance. ❖They are herbs, shrubs and trees 5
- 6. ROOT: • The roots are tap roots, fibrous or tuberous. • The outstanding feature is the presence of roots tubercles or nodules which harbor nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium) inside them. • Plants are grown to enrich the soil with nitrogenous substances 6 Rhizobia on Root Hair
- 8. STEM: • It is branched, smooth or glaucous, may be erect or weak, herbaceous or woody. • Glaucous : grayish, bluish, or whitish waxy coating or bloom that is easily rubbed off • Some are climbing with the help of leaf tendrils. 8
- 9. LEAVES: • Alternate, • Stipulate, • Compound leaf mostly trifoliate • Sometimes simple leaf as in Alysicarpus; 9
- 10. 10 LEAF MODIFICATIONS: ❑ It is modified partly or wholly into tendril (Lathyrus, Pisum, Vicia) leaf base may be pulvinate (swollen leaf base). ❑ In Lathyrus aphaca the entire leaf becomes modified into a tendril; ❑ in Pisum and Lathyrus the stipules are foliaceous and highly developed, ❑ in Pisum and Vicia the leaflets are modified into tendrils.
- 11. 11
- 13. INFORESCENCE: Raceme, flowers are arranged in axillary racemes
- 14. FLOWER: • Flowers are complete, bracteate and pedicellate. • They are either actinomorphic or zygomorphic. • They are hypogynous and cyclic, Pentamerous.
- 15. CALYX: • Sepals are generally 5 in number. • They are usually gamosepalous and the odd sepal is always anterior in position. • Aestivation- Ascending imbricate.
- 16. COROLLA: ❖Petals 5, polypetalous, papilionaceous, posterior petal outermost large – the vexillium or standard; ❖ next two lateral ones-the wings or alae; ❖and the two anterior and innermost united to form a boat-shaped structure – the keel or carina; ❖descending imbricate or vexillary aestivation.
- 17. Descending imbricate / Vexillary Aestivation
- 18. ANDROECIUM: • There are generally 10 stamens, 9 stamens united to form a tube around the ovary while the tenth stamen is free. • They are polyandrous or diadelphous.
- 19. GYNOECIUM: • It is monocarpellary, superior and unilocular. • There are numerous ovules on parietal or marginal placentation.
- 22. FLORAL DIAGRAM WITH FLORAL FORMULA (PISUM SATIVUM OR GARDEN PEA):
- 24. Classification Division : Spermatophyta Sub division :Angiospermae Class : Dicotyledonae Sub class : Polypetalae Series : Calyciflorae Order : Rosales Family : Leguminosae /Fabaceae Genus : Lathyrus
- 25. Habit: A cultivated, climbing herb. VEGETATIVE CHARACTERSTICS:
- 28. Leaf: *Alternate, *petiolate, *stipulate, *stipules leafy, *pinnately compound, *upper leaflets are modified into tendrils and help in climbing.
- 29. Inflorescence: Racemose or solitary axillary. FLORAL CHARACTERSTICS:
- 31. Calyx: Sepals 5, gamosepalous, pentapartite, companulate, odd sepal anterior, imbricate aestivation, green, hairy.
- 33. Corolla: Petals 5, polypetalous, papilionaceous, consisting of a large posterior petal – the vexillum or standard, two lateral-alae or wings and two inner fused to form a boat shaped structure the keel or carina, vexillary aestivation.
- 35. Androecium: Stamens 10, diadelphous, nine are fused by the lower halves of their filaments to form a tube round the ovary and tenth posterior one free, anthers basifixed, introrse, dithecous, enclosed in the keel.
- 36. Gynoecium: Monocarpellary, ovary superior, unilocular, hairy stigma, elongated, laterally compressed, marginal placentation ovules many, style long.
- 37. Floral formula & Floral Diagram:
- 38. Economic Importance: 1. Food: The fruits and seeds of Pisum sativum (H. Matar), Cicer arietinum, (H. Chana), Cajanus cajan (H. Arhar), Dolichos lablab (H. Sem), Vigna aconitifolius (H. Moth), Phaseolus radiatus (H. Moong), P. mungo (H. Urd), Lens esculenta (H. Masur), Glycine max (Soyabean) are used as vegetable and pulse. Soya-bean is supposed to contain very high percentage of proteins comparable to meat. 2. Oil: The seeds of Arachis hypogea are pressed to obtain an oil. It is converted into vegetable ghee after hydrogenation and largely used as substitute for pure ghee. The oil cake is used for cattle feeding. Mungfali is also eaten after roasting.
- 39. 3. Medicine: Glycyrrhiza glabra (H. Mulathi) is used in throat pain and cough. Physostigma venenosum has several alkaloids and sometimes used as an eye ointment. The fresh juice of the leaves of Abrus precatorius (H. Ratti) is said to remove spots of leucoderma. Its seeds have constant weight to an astonishing degree and traditionally used by goldsmiths. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (syn. Psoralea tetragonolaea) seeds are laxative, stimulant and produce a colourless essential oil. The juice of Sesbania grandiflora flowers is said to improve eye sight.
- 40. 4. Fibre: Crotalaria juncea (Sunn Hemp or H- Swun) yields fibres, which are used for making rope, mat, coarse canvas, sacks, nets etc. It is a blast fibre. 5. Timber: Dalbergia sissoo (H. Shismam), D. latifalia (Indian rose wood) yield timber. 6. Dye: Indigofera tinctoria yields a dye – the indigo (H. Neel).
- 41. 7. Ornamental and miscellaneous: ❑ Many plants viz., Lathyrus odoratus, Clitoria, Sesbania, Lupinus, Genista, Robinia, etc. are used as ornamental plants in gardens. ❑ Erythrina – (Indian Coral tree) is bird pollinated and produces beautiful red flowers. ❑ Peru balsam and Tolu balsam are obtained from Mysoxylon. Gum tragacinth is obtained from Astragalus gummifer. ❑ Gum is also obtained from Butea monosperma and Pterocarpus. ❑ Because of root nodules many plants of this family can enrich the soil with fixed nitrogen. ❑ Hence they are often used in crop rotation.
- 42. THANKS!