Ungu (millettia pinnata) by sumit / Pongamia pinnata

Species Diversity Project onSpecies Diversity Project on
UNGU (UNGU (MillettiaMillettia pinnatapinnata))
presented bypresented by
SUMIT KUMAR PRADHANSUMIT KUMAR PRADHAN
student ofstudent of
INSTITUTE OF GENETIC ENGINEERINGINSTITUTE OF GENETIC ENGINEERING
ofof
MICROBIOLOGY dept.MICROBIOLOGY dept.
Roll no -21008412004Roll no -21008412004

OUR TRIP OF KERALAOUR TRIP OF KERALA
HOWRAH CHENNAI ERNAKULAM
ALLEPPY PERIYER MUNNAR
KOVALAM KANYAKUMARI HOWRAH

KERALAKERALA
 Kerala is a state in South India on the Malabar Coast.
 It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and north east, Tamil Nadu to the east
and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west.
 Kerala is an important tourist destination, with backwaters, beaches, Ayurvedic
tourism and tropical greenery its major attractions.
 It has its own natural beauty. For this, its nickname is “God’s Own Country”.

INFORMATION ABOUT KERALAINFORMATION ABOUT KERALA

FLORA OF KERALAFLORA OF KERALA
 Kerala’s forests cover 24% of Kerala's landmass.
 These forests contain more than 1,000 species of trees.
 Kerala’s forests mainly have Indian Rosewood (Dalbergia latifolia),
Anjili (Artocarpus hirsuta), Mullumurikku (Erythrina), Cassia, and other trees
dominate the forests.
 They have smaller floras are Bamboo, Wild Black Pepper (Piper nigrum),
Wild Cardamom, The Calamus Rattan Palm (Calamus rotang — a type of
giant grass), and Aromatic Vetiver Grass (Vetiveria zizanioides).

FAUNA OF KERALAFAUNA OF KERALA
 The forests play host to major fauna of Kerala.
 Major faunas are Asian Elephant (Elephas maximus), Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris
tigris), Leopard (Panthera pardus), Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius).
 More remote preserves contain endangered species such as the Lion-Tailed
Macaque (Macaca silenus), Indian Sloth Bear (Melursus (Ursus) ursinus ursinus),
and Gaur (the so-called "Indian Bison" — Bos gaurus).
 More common species are the Indian Porcupine (Hystrix indica), Chital (Axis
axis), Sambar (Cervus unicolor), Gray Langur and Flying Squirrel.

NATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIES IN KERALANATIONAL PARKS AND SANCTUARIES IN KERALA
 Eravikulam National Park
 Periyar National Park
 Silent Valley National Park
 Anamudi Shola National Park
 Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
 Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
 Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary
 Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary
 Idukki Wildlife Sanctuary
 Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary

BIODIVERSITYBIODIVERSITY
 Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on the Earth
and the variations within species.
 It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different
ecosystems.

TYPES OF BIODIVERSITYTYPES OF BIODIVERSITY

SPECIES BIODIVERSITYSPECIES BIODIVERSITY
 Species diversity is the number of different species that are represented
in a given community (a dataset).
 Species diversity consists of two components: Species
Richness and Species Evenness.
 Species Richness is a simple count of species, whereas Species Evenness
quantifies how equal the abundances of the species are.

SOME SPECIES OFSOME SPECIES OF MillettiaMillettia
 Millettia aurea
 Millettia brandisiana
 Millettia bussei
 Millettia capuronii
 Millettia conraui
 Millettia decipiens
 Millettia duchesnei
 Millettia elongistyla
 Millettia eriocarpa
 Millettia galliflagrans
 Millettia grandis
 Millettia hitsika
 Millettia lacus-alberti
 Millettia laurentii
 Millettia leucantha
 Millettia macrophylla
 Millettia micans
 Millettia mossambicensis
 Millettia nathaliae
 Millettia nitida
Millettia stuhlmannii
 Millettia orientalis
 Millettia pachycarpa
 Millettia peguensis
 Millettia psilopetela
 Millettia pterocarpa
 Millettia richardiana
 Millettia sacleuxii
 Millettia schliebenii
 Millettia semsei
 Millettia pinnata

Millettia grandisMillettia grandis
 HEIGHTHEIGHT : 10-25 m tall.
 FOLIAGEFOLIAGE : Glossy dark green coloured. Older leaves turn yellow.
 BARKBARK : Bark’s colour is pale brown.
 FRUITFRUIT : The fruits are flat.
 DISTRIBUTIONDISTRIBUTION : They grow in forests and on forest margins.
 ECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCEECOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE : Butterfly larvae can feed on the leaves.
Family Fabaceae
Genus Millettia
Species grandis

Millettia laurentiiMillettia laurentii
 Millettia laurentii is from Africa and native to the Republic of Congo.
 The species is listed as "endangered" in the IUCN Red List
 WOODWOOD : It is a tropical timber, very dark in color.
Family Fabaceae
Genus Millettia
Species laurentii

Millettia pachycarpaMillettia pachycarpa
 M. pachycarpa is a climbing shrub (small to medium-sized woody
plant).
 The leaves have 13-17 papery leaflets and the flowers are lilac-
colored.
 It is well known in Chinese traditional medicine as a blood tonic and
to induce the growth of red blood cells.
Family Fabaceae
Genus Millettia
Species pachycarpa

Millettia stuhlmanniiMillettia stuhlmannii
 Millettia stuhlmannii is a well-known species of timber tree.
 It is found in Tanzania, Zimbabwe, and Venda region of South Africa.
 The leaves are large and greenish.
 The flowers are large, lilac coloured .
 The woody seed pods are flat and velvety.
 The wood is highly price and has a range of applications.
Family Fabaceae
Genus Millettia
Species stuhlmannii

UNGUUNGU (Millettia pinnata)(Millettia pinnata)
 Millettia pinnata, also known as Ungu on Indian beech, is primarily found in
forests of India.
 The tree grows in tropical and sub-tropical regions all over the world.
 This tree is useful in the medicinal world and economical world. In
agriculture, it is used as potential biodiesel source.

SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF UNGUSCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION OF UNGU
Kingdom : PLANTAEPLANTAE Autotrophic plants, green algae, and red algae which generally acquire
nutrients through.
Phylum : MAGNOLIOPHYTAMAGNOLIOPHYTA Flower and fruit producing angiosperm with a covered seed, exhibits a
dominant sporophyte generation.
Class : MAGNOLIOPSIDAMAGNOLIOPSIDA Dicotyledons which typically display 5 circularly arranged floral parts.
Order : FABALESFABALES Flowering plants.
Family : FABACEAEFABACEAE Or Leguminoseae, legumes that develop nodules which house
nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. This is the most diverse family in the
order fabales.
Genus : MillettiaMillettia Or Indian beech tree.
Species : pinnatapinnata Pinnate shaped leaves, the only member of the Millettia genus.

DISTRIBUTION OF UNGUDISTRIBUTION OF UNGU
 In the world, the Ungu tree found on Japan, China, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Australia, Philippines,
and Polynesia.
 In India, it found on Maharashtra, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

HABITAT OF UNGUHABITAT OF UNGU
 Ungu is found in coastal areas.
 It grows on dry, rocky sea shores to inland waterway shores in tropical and
subtropical regions.
 Ungu trees grow in areas that receive 2500 – 5500 mm of rainfall per year and
grow best at temperatures between 8o
C - 32o
C.
 These tree’s roots are extremely tolerant of drought, or alkalinity, and of water
and sand salinity.

ADAPTATION OF UNGUADAPTATION OF UNGU
 Through centuries of natural challenges, the Ungu tree has adapted to continue
living.
 These trees have also adapted themselves to need very little water to survive.
 Also, their thick trunk and branches help them withstand extreme wind gusts.
 Finally, M. pinnata is very tolerant of high salinity which makes it able to grow
near a variety of bodies of water.

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF UNGUBOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF UNGU
 LEAFLEAF : They have 2 to 4 in. long pinnate shaped leaves . The leaves are evergreen.
 PODSPODS : Ungu pods are hard, brown, and smooth. They grow to be between 3 and 6
cm long and between 2 and 3 cm wide.
 FLOWERFLOWER : Ungu flowers range from white to pink to purple. They are seen most
often in groups of 2 or 3.

BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF UNGUBOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF UNGU
 SEEDSEED : These seeds range from 10 to 15 cm long. They are dark brown in
color and have a bean-like shape.
 ROOTROOT : Millettia possess one long, thick taproot with many well developed
lateral roots.
 BARKBARK : Ungu tree bark is thin with an outer gray or gray, brown color and
an inner yellow color.

LIFE CYCLE OF UNGULIFE CYCLE OF UNGU
 Generally, new leaf is produced from May to the end of August.
 Fruit production occurs throughout December.
 Then, its seeds begin to ripen in February and will do so through May.
 In March, the pods join the seeds in the ripening process and will finish ripening
at the end of May.
 The Ungu tree flowers from April until the end of June.

INTERACTIONS WITH HUMANSINTERACTIONS WITH HUMANS
 Millettia pinnata is useful in treating Mycobacterium leprae, the bacterium responsible for leprosy.
 Ungu root extract is used in the treatment of ulcers which are caused by Helicobacter pylori bacterium.
 Millettia pinnata, effectively manages diarrhea which is caused by Escherichia coli bacteria .
 Ungu oil used as a antifungal for Aspergillus niger & Aspergillus fumigatus.
 This organism also shows signs of being a possible antiplasmodial medicine. It would be a huge medical
accomplishment in the treatment of malaria.

USES OF UNGUUSES OF UNGU
 The stems used as fuels or in ornamental carvings.
 They are also used to make farm tools, cart wheels.
 Leaves are useful in the agricultural world.
 The tree bark fiber are useful in making paper pulp.
 Ungu oil can be used as fuel for cooking and for burning in lamps. It can also be used as an
agricultural pesticide.
 The oil is also found in the cosmetic and tanning industries.
 Most importantly, Ungu oil is potentially going to be an efficient, non-toxic, and biodegradable diesel
fuel source.

CONSERVATION STATUS OF UNGUCONSERVATION STATUS OF UNGU
 M. pinnata is not considered to be affected by any major threats at present.
 Millettia pinnata has a large native distribution in Asia and Australia and is found in cultivation in a
large number of countries.
 The taxon has a number of uses but is not considered to be threatened, it exists in Least Concern
category.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
 Ungu tree has many importance uses. It have many medical importance and it helps us to make
BioDisel which is a very essential product for future world.
 Beside these every parts of this trees have many importance on our life. It helps us on Medical Industry
to make many medicines. For the large importunacy of M. pinnata tree, we must conserve this tree.
 So if we want to protect this tree we must need to aware the locals about different conservation methods
of protecting this species.

REFERENCESREFERENCES
 https://www.google.co.in
 https://www.keralatourism.org
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerala
 https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millettia_pinnata
 http://www.iucnredlist.org/details/168724/0
 https://bioweb.uwlax.edu/BIO203/2011/bedard_emil/index.htm

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly grateful to our respected Principle Sir,
Dr. Amit Chakravarty and our respected Vice-Principle mam,
Dr. Sudipa Chakravarty
and the Faculty members of IGE
and my friends
for helping me and supporting me.

Ungu (millettia pinnata) by sumit / Pongamia pinnata

Ungu (millettia pinnata) by sumit / Pongamia pinnata

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