4. COnTenTs
Contents Page no
Message
Message
What is Biodiversity 11
Biodiversity of Andhra Pradesh 13
Protected Areas in Andhra Pradesh 14
About the Field Guide 16
Plants 19
Angiosperms 24
Freshwater flora 61
Mangroves 63
Ornamental plants 65
Medicinal plants 73
Invasive alien plants 82
Agriculture crops 89
horticulture crops 92
Algae 100
Lichens 102
Bryophytes 103
Pteridophytes 104
Gymnosperms 106
Fungi 108
Animals
Molluscs 111
Insects 121
Lepidopterans 130
Arachnids 140
Crustaceans 146
Fish 150
Amphibians 161
reptiles 165
Birds 173
Mammals 194
Livestock 200
endemic Vascular plants of Andhra Pradesh 204
Threatened animals of Andhra Pradesh 208
5. MessAGe
The state of Andhra Pradesh is blessed with rich biodiversity. Over
22% of its geographical area constitutes forests – including semi
evergreen forests, moist deciduous forests, dry deciduous forests
and coastal mangroves. It also has other varied ecosystems such as
grasslands, freshwater bodies, brackishwater wetlands, agriculture
ecosystems, etc. each of these unique ecosystems shelters diverse
flora and fauna – over 2,800 species of plants and over 5,757
species of animals. We are the proud custodians of all this natural
wealth.
In recent years, we all have been witness to adverse changes taking
place in our environment such as pollution, climate change, etc.
These changes are negatively impacting natural habitats and are
depleting our wealth of biodiversity. Loss of biodiversity will in-turn
affect the health of our forests, grasslands, water bodies, coasts,
etc., and will ultimately impact human well-being.
each one of us has the responsibility to contribute to conserving
the environment and saving biodiversity from the threat of
extinction. We cannot save what we do not know about –
therefore, the first step towards conservation action is building
awareness and understanding. Collection of scientific data on
biodiversity will help us document the species of flora and fauna in
the state, track their status over time, identify locations that are
rich in biodiversity as well as locate threats so that effective
conservation measures can be taken up.
It gives me immense pleasure that the Andhra Pradesh state
Biodiversity Board and World Wide Fund for nature (WWF)
bringing out the ‘Andhra Pradesh Biodiversity Field Guide’. This is
the first field guide on bio-resources in Andhra Pradesh after
bifurcation and I am confident that it will be useful to not just
nature lovers but also to every citizen concerned about the
environment. This book is designed to help you identify and
document the biodiversity around you so that you can appreciate
its richness and contribute to its conservation.
sri. n. Chandra Babu naidu
hon'ble Chief Minister
Andhra Pradesh
sri. n. Chandra Babu naidu
hon'ble Chief Minister
Andhra Pradesh
6. MessAGe
Biodiversity is an important asset for humankind. It provides food, fibre,
timber, medicines, etc., and supports innumerable livelihoods. It also
provides valuable ecosystem services that are necessary to sustain our
land forms and water bodies. Our economic progress is thus closely linked
to environmental and biodiversity status.
recognizing this importance, India has committed itself to conservation of
the environment and protection of biodiversity. It has become a signatory
to the international Convention on Biological diversity and has enacted the
Biological diversity Act, 2002 for conservation of biological diversity,
regulation of access to biological resources, sustainable use of its
components, fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the use of
biological resources and traditional knowledge. The Government of
Andhra Pradesh has formulated the Andhra Pradesh Biological diversity
rules, 2009 which envisage regulating the mechanism for access
to/collection of biological resources, constitution of biodiversity
management committees at local body level and establishment and
management of biodiversity heritage sites.
The section 41 of the Biological diversity Act, 2002 envisages constitution
of Biodiversity Management Committee by every local body for the
purpose of promoting conservation of biological diversity; sustainable use
and documentation of biological diversity; preservation of habitats;
conservation of land races, folk varieties and cultivars, domesticated stocks
and breeds of animals and microorganisms; chronicling of knowledge
relating to biodiversity; and, facilitating preparation of People’s
Biodiversity registers. The People’s Biodiversity register contains
comprehensive information on the availability and knowledge of local
biological resources. It is a useful tool in the management and sustainable
use of bioresources, and is also an important document in the legal arena
as evidence of prior knowledge.
This book is a useful resource to Biodiversity Management Committees in
the preparation of People’s Biodiversity registers. It facilitates
identification of common flora and fauna species for documenting these in
the register.
I compliment the editors for their initiative and effort in bringing out this
useful compact guide. I hope that the Biodiversity Management
Committees as well as forest department staff, researchers, students,
teachers and indeed all those concerned about conservation will make
good use of it.
sri. B. Gopala Krishna reddy
hon'ble Minister for eFs&T
sri. B. Gopala Krishna reddy
hon'ble Minister for
environment, Forest, science &
Technology, Govt. of A.P.
7.
8. WhAT Is BIOdIVersITy?
Biodiversity is the totality of all the life forms (plants, animals, fungi and
microorganisms) on the planet earth. It includes the vast array of organisms,
their individual genetic makeup, their life processes, and their
interrelationships in communities and ecosystems. Biodiversity is resource
capital of any nation. Biodiversity is essential for the continued existence of
humanity and every biodiversity element has an intrinsic value, irrespective of
human knowledge on its utility, needs and interests. Beyond these
anthropocentric values, there are crucial values of biodiversity which
determine the quality of life on earth. Biodiversity encompasses species, genes
and ecosystems and all these are interrelated and interdependent.
species diversity
species is the ultimate unit to classify the millions of organisms and is the
central theme of biodiversity. species differ from each other and are
recognized as a set of individuals that are genetically similar and have the
ability to inbreed. species diversity is, simply, the variety of species. species
diversity refers to ‘species richness’ (number of species) and ‘species evenness’
(the relative population size of those species at one time and one place). It is
most commonly used for describing the biodiversity wealth of any area. In
Andhra Pradesh, we have about 3000 species of vascular plants.
Genetic diversity
Genetic diversity refers to the different genetic makeup of the individual
organisms within the species. Any infra-specific variation represents the
genetic diversity of that species. For example, about 1,500 varieties of
mangoes (e.g. benisha, neelam, rasaalu, banginapalle) and about 50,000
varieties or land races in rice represent the genetic diversity of the species,
Mangifera indica and Oryza sativa respectively. It is the genes; the discrete
segments of dnA are the basis for genetic diversity. The greatest significance of
genetic diversity is that it allows the process of evolution to take place. In
Andhra Pradesh we have 150 varieties of rice and 5 native breeds of cattle.
ecosystem diversity
ecosystem diversity refers to the variety of habitats, biotic communities and
ecological processes and more commonly refers to the diversity of ecosystems
within a biogeographical boundary. It is the nature and quality of habitat that
determines the nature of biodiversity in any area. For example a pond
comprises aquatic plant and animal species; a deserted area is seen with
succulent species and a grassland harbour grasses and other herbs. In practice,
ecosystem diversity can only be evaluated on a local or regional basis, rather
than on a global scale. Andhra Pradesh is dominated by deciduous forest
ecosystems in eastern Ghats, salt water ecosystem in Pulicat lake.
Wild and domesticated biodiversity
Biodiversity can be broadly classified into wild and domesticated biodiversity.
Any biodiversity element (plant, animal, microbe or forest patch or pond
ecosystem) that is surviving naturally in the wild habitat can be termed as wild
biodiversity. The diversity among domesticated plants (crops) and animals (e.g.
cattle) is termed as domesticated biodiversity.
Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 11
9.
10. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 13
Biodiversity of Andhra Pradesh
A home not just for humans
An estimated 4.9 crore people live in Andhra Pradesh's 110 towns, cities, and 18,656 villages.
But our state is home not just to human beings - diverse species of plants and animals thrive
here. A surprising fact is that all the built-up areas in our towns, cities and villages as well as the
industrial and mining areas add up to just about 3% or 4,886 sq km of the geographical area of
the state. The rest of the state is rich tapestry of a variety of habitats including agricultural areas
(60%), forests (20%), wastelands (10%), water bodies and wetlands (7%). The diverse habitats
are home to over 3,000 species of plants and 5,757 species of animals. This biodiversity is an
important asset to the state. It needs to be understood, valued and conserved. We hope this
book will help in building this understanding and appreciation.
Figure 1: Land use of Andhra Pradesh
11. 14 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
Protected Areas for Biodiversity Conservation
The Government of Andhra Pradesh has taken several steps to conserve our biodiversity. One
such step is the creation and management of Wildlife sanctuaries and national Parks to Protect
Areas that harbour rich biodiversity. The following table gives details of the Wildlife sanctuaries
and national Parks of Andhra Pradesh.
Protected Areas in Andhra Pradesh
s.no. name of the sanctuary Location Biodiversity value
or national Park
1. Papikonda national Park east Godavari and densely forested hills
West Godavari along the banks of
river Godavari. Fauna
includes Tiger,
Leopard, Gaur, etc.
2. rajiv Gandhi national Park ysr Kadapa spotted deer, Mangoose,
Black napped hare, etc.
3. sri Venkateswara Wildlife Chittoor and rare and endemic
sanctuary and national Park ysr Kadapa plant species like
red sanders&Cycas beddomei.
endangered fauna like the
slender Loris, Indian Giant
squirrel and Tree shrew.
178 bird species including
yellow-throated Bulbul,
Pompadour Green Pigeon,
Oriental White-backed Vulture,
etc. reptiles including Gliding
Lizard and Golden Gecko.
4. Coringa Wildlife sanctuary east Godavari Largest surviving
mangrove patch in the state
with 35 plant species.
200 species of birds including
critically endangered species
like White-backed Vulture and
Long-billed Vulture. Fauna like
Indian smooth coated otter,
fishing cat, nesting ground for
Olive ridley Turtles.
5. rollapadu Wildlife sanctuary Kurnool Only habitat in the state
for the highly endangered bird
- Great Indian Bustard.
12. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 15
s.no. name of the sanctuary Location Biodiversity value
or national Park
6. Pulicat Lake Bird sanctuary sPsr nellore home to 159 species of
aquatic plants and 115 species
of birds including the
migratory Greater Flamingo.
7. nelapattu Bird sanctuary sPsr nellore 187 bird species including
50 migratory bird species
including spot-billed Pelicans.
8. nagarjuna sagar srisailam Kurnool, Comprises mostly
Wildlife sanctuary Prakasam & Guntur nallamala hills. home to many
endemic flora like
Andrographis nallamalayana
and fauna like Tiger
9. Kambalakonda Visakhapatnam dry evergreen forest and
Wildlife sanctuary home to Panthers, spotted
deers, Wild Boar,
Jackal, Wild dog, etc.
10. Krishna Wildlife sanctuary Krishna and Guntur rich mangrove vegetation
with plants like Rhizophora,
Avicennia. Fauna - fishing cat.
11. Kolleru Wildlife sanctuary Krishna and designated as wetland
West Godavari under the international
ramsar Convention on
protection of wetlands.
habitat for an estimated 20
million resident and migratory
birds.
12. Koundinya Wildlife sanctuary Chittoor elephant reserve with an
estimated 78 Indian elephants.
13. Gundla Brahmeswaram Kurnool & Prakasam Tiger, Panther, Chital, Black
sanctuary Buck, sambar, neelgai, Mouse
deer, Pangolin. Teak, Bamboo.
14. sri Lankamalleswara home to Jerdon's courser
Wildlife sanctuary ysr Kadapa a critically endangered and
endemic species of bird.
15. sri Penusila narasimha ysr Kadapa & Panther, spotted deers, Bears,
Wildlife sanctuary sPsr nellore and variety of Birds
16. seshachalam Biosphere Chittoor home to endemic species
reserve like red sanders, Cycas
beddomei, Golden Gecko and
slender Loris.
13. 16 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
About the field guide
This book is designed to help the readers to identify and know the biodiversity in the state. The
book is organized into 3 main sections: Plants, Fungi and Animals. The sections on plants and
animals are further divided into various sub-sections. In each section a brief overview of that group
is provided. Photographs for selected species are provided with scientific and common names.
selected species under each category are tabulated with scientific names, local names, family
names and habit.
In this book about 810 plant species, 7 fungi and 561 animal species have been listed. The
information provided in the book is not exhaustive. suggestions are requested from the experts,
researchers and field level officers to further improve the content of the field guide.
dos and don'ts for documenting Biodiversity
l seek information from all community members who interact with biodiversity on a regular
basis - they include farmers, livestock rearers, fisherfolk, ayurvedic practitioners, non-
timber forest produce collectors, fuelwood collectors, etc.
l Conduct transect walks, surveys, etc., to directly observe and document the local
biodiversity.
l For direct observation remember to survey all key habitats - agricultural fields, forests,
scrublands, water bodies, human habitations, etc.
l remember that for direct observation, you will need to survey at different times of the day
(and night) as well as in different seasons. This is because some species are noctural, some
are seasonal, some are migratory, etc.
l direct observation requires patience and discipline - spend enough time in the activity,
observe carefully, document deligently.
l during direct observation, do not be obtrusive - loud conversations, large groups of people,
brightly coloured clothes, etc., will scare away animals.
l do not collect any specimens from the wild - this includes individual plants or animals,
flowers, seeds, eggs, nests, etc.
14. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 17
Hardwickia binata
(narepi)
Location: Bethaiahpally, ysr Kadapa
17. PLAnTs
20 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
Plant diversity of World, India and Andhra Pradesh
In terms of plant diversity, India ranks tenth in the World. The richness of Indian plant
species as compared to the world is shown in the following table.
Plant groups no. of species no. of species % of India to Approx. no. of species
in India in the world the world in Andhra Pradesh
Viruses & Bacteria 1,071 12,392 8.6 nA
Algae 7,309 36,396 20.1 50
Fungi 27,500 81,988 33.5 300
Lichens 2,500 20,000 12.5 126
Bryophytes 2,531 16,236 15.5 100
Pteridophytes 1,274 12,000 10.6 72
Gymnosperms 77 1,021 7.5 03
Angiosperms 18,159 2,68,600 6.8 3,000
Azadirachta indica
18. PLAnTs
Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 21
Plant Architecture and Classification
Plants currently are recognised into the following groups.
Plant Algae: Chlorophyta, Charophyta, Glaucophyta and rhodophyta.
Bryophytes: Amphibians of the plant kingdom classified into Liverworts, hornworts and Mosses.
Pteridophytes: Botanical snakes, first land plants, classified as ferns and their allies.
Gymnosperms: non flowering naked seeded plants of geological antiquity.
Angiosperms: Flowering plants, the most dominant plant group on the planet earth. They are
classified traditionally into dicots and Monocots. however latest classifications (Angiosperm
Phylogeny Group) recognised eleven groups (clades) in angiosperms; Magnoliids, Monocots,
Commelinids, eudicots, Fabids, Lamids, etc.
note: Latest phylogenetic classifications separated fungi from plants as a separate Kingdom as
they are heterotrophic. With reference to algae only green and red algae and glaucophytes are
considered as plant algae where as blue green algae are now recognised as bacteria and all
other groups of algae are included in the kingdom Chromista.
PLAnT LIFe FOrMs:
Based on habit traditionally plants are classified into trees, shrubs, herbs and climbers. The trees
have distinct trunk and which may be deciduous (with leaf fall during summer) or evergreen.
The shrubs are woody and usually perennial and have clumped stems at ground level. The
shrubs may have straggling habit. herbs have soft stems and they are mostly annual (complete
their life cycle within a year). The climbers may be woody (called as liana) or herbaceous (vines).
There are several distinct groups of plants with recognised morphological or functional
characteristics.
Grasses and sedges: except bamboos all grasses and sedges are herbaceous and are without
distinct flowers. (The reproductive units are called as spikelets).
Orchids: One of the largest group of plant kingdom known for their beautiful and diversified
flowers with a one modified petal called as lip.
Mangroves: These are trees or shrubs which grow in saline waters/alkaline soils near the sea
coast or estuaries. They have special modifications to adapt to saline conditions.
Aquatic Plants: These plants grow submerged in waters (e.g. Vallisneria); with floating leaves,
but submerged stems (e.g. Lotus); whole plants floating on water (e.g. Pistia) or simply growing
in moist habitats (e.g. Eclipta).
Parasites: These are a special group which depends completely/partially on host plants for their
nutrition. e.g. Loranthus.
epiphytes: These plants anchor the host plants but never take any nutrients from them.
Drosera burmanni
19. 22 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
PLAnTs
Flora is a complete inventory of plants occurring in a particular area (e.g. a town, a forest, a district
or state or a country). Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species in a given area. It is sum total
growth of various forms of plant populations.
FLOrA OF AndhrA PrAdesh
Currently updated literature survey revealed the presence of about 3000 wild and naturalized
species of angiosperms; 3 species of gymnosperms and 72 species of Pteridophytes and 100 species
of bryophytes in the state of Andhra Pradesh. There are about 550 species of trees, 285 shrubs,
1765 herbs and 300 climbers. The five dominant angiosperm families are legumes (Fabaceae) and
grasses (Poaceae) with over 300 species followed by sedges (Cyperaceae)-140 species and spurges
(euphorbiaceae), 125 species. The dominant angiosperm genera are Crotalaria with 44 species
followed by Cyperus with 33 species, Euphorbia with 30 species. several himalayan species are
reported from the state. These include Saussurea heteromalla, Bulbophyllum cariniflorum, Dillenia
aurea, Arundinellla benghalensis. There are about 68 strict endemic plant species are there in the
state.
VeGeTATIOn TyPes OF AndhrA PrAdesh
The vegetation of the state can be classified into the following four major types: forests, coastal,
aquatic and vegetation of wastelands and cultivated fields.
FOresT VeGeTATIOn: There are 6 forest types in the state.
Tropical semi-evergreen forests: These are moist deciduous forests mixed with evergreen elements
distributed at an altitude of around 800m and found in Visakhapatnam, Vizianagaram, srikakulam
and east Godavari districts. Common species are: Michelia champaca, Dillenia pentagyna,
Psychortia fulva, and Leea crispa.
Tropical moist deciduous forests: These are typical deciduous forests with high annual rainfall of
over 1000mm. These are of three types. northern Tropical Moist deciduous sal forests- only in
srikakulam district and dominated by sal (Shorea robusta). southern Tropical Moist deciduous
Forests-found in the districts of Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam, Godavari, Kurnool and Chittoor. The
dominant species are: Terminalia alata, Anogeissus latifolia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Sterculia
urens. southern Tropical Moist deciduous riparian Forests - common along riverbanks especially
Godavari. These forests are commonly seen with semi evergreen species like Terminalia arjuna and
Syzygium cumini.
Tropical dry deciduous forests: These are common throughout the state and are characterized by
leaf-fall by most of the tree species during summer season. These are classified into teak, non-teak
and mixed deciduous types. dry deciduous Teak forests - distributed mostly in eastern ghats of
Visakhapatnam, Godavari and Kurnool districts and dominated by Teak (Tectona grandis). dry
deciduous non-Teak forests-found in the districts of rayalaseema and sPsr nellore and are
dominated by Pterocarpus santalinus in southern eastern Ghats; Gyrocarpus americanus in
Anantapur district; Boswellia ovalifoliolata, Cycas beddomei in Tirumala hills. Mixed dry deciduous
forests - are common in drier localities in rayalaseema dominated by Hardwickia binata and
Pterocarpus marsupium.
dry savannah forests: scattered throughout the eastern Ghats and are dominated by grasses with
isolated tree growth. The common trees are Phyllanthus emblica, Phoenix spp. and Butea
monosperma.
Flora and Vegetation Types
20. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 23
PLAnTs
Tropical moist deciduous forests Tropical dry deciduous forests
dry evergreen forests: Occurs in coastal and plain areas with a rainfall of about 600 mm and below
at an altitude of less than 250m. These forests are found in Vizianagaram, Visakhapatnam,
srikakulam, sPsr nellore and Chittoor districts. The common species are Manilkara hexandra,
Albizia amara, Sapindus emarginatus.
Thorny scrub forests: These are degraded deciduous forests due to biotic interference and are
widely distributed in arid and semiarid parts of eastern Ghats especially in forest peripheries and
common species are Capparis zeylanica, Ziziphus mauritiania, Euphorbia antiquorum, Dichrostachys
cinerea.
COAsTAL VeGeATATIOn
It is of two types: strand and estuarine type. The sand strand vegetation is found along the sandy
beaches. Ipomoea pes-caprae, Spinifex littoreus, Tribulus terrestris, Phyla nodiflora are common. The
coastal woodlands comprises Borassus flabellifer, Prosopis cineraria, Cocos nucifera, and Thespesia
populnea. dense groves of Pandanus odoratissimus are also seen. The rock strand is with rich
growth of marine algae belonging to species of Padina, Sargassum, Caulerpa, and Ulva. estuarine
vegetation comprises mangroves.
AQUATIC VeGeTATIOn
Three important categories are floating, submerged and emergent hydrophytes.
Floating hydrophytes: Three types. Free floating on the surface of water-e.g. Pistia stratiotes.
Attached hydrophytes with floating shoots-e.g. Ipomoea aquatica. Attached hydrophytes with
floating leaves-e.g. Nelumbo nucifera.
submerged hydrophytes: These are always remain under water surface and are of two types-
suspended submerged that remain submerged in water but have no contact with the soil, e.g.
Ceratophyllum demersum and attached submerged hydrophytes that remain in contact with soil and
water, their vegetative portion remains completely submerged in water, while the flowers may come
out of water surface. e.g.Vallisneria natans.
emergent hydrophytes: Plants which are attached to soil covered with water but most of their
vegetative parts come out of water surface. e.g. Bacopa monnieri.
VeGeTATIOn OF WAsTeLAnds And CULTIVATed FIeLds
Prosopis juliflora is gregarious in wastelands throughout the state. Other plants of wastelands are
Calotropis procera, Cassia auriculata, C. occidentalis, C. tora and Opuntia stricta. Chenopodium
album, Cyperus rotundus, Eclipta prostrata, Echinochloa colona, Paspalum scrobiculatum are
common weeds of irrigated fields. Argemone mexicana, Celosia argentea, Cynodon dactylon,
Euphorbia hirta, Leucas aspera, Phyllanthus amarus, Sida acuta, Sphaeranthus indicus are common
weeds of dry fields. Gregarious weed found in the wastelands and roadsides is Parthenium
hysterophorus.
21. 24 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
s.no Family scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
1 Acanthaceae Andrographis echioides - - herb
(Indoneesiella echioides)
2 “ Andrographis - - herb
nallamalayana
3 “ Andrographis paniculata King of Bitters nelavemu herb
4 “ Barleria cristata Philippine Violet Tella nilambari herb
5 “ Barleria prionitis Porcupine Flower Goranta chettu shru
6 “ Dicliptera paniculata Panicled Foldwing Kakanasa herb
(Peristrophe paniculata)
7 “ Elytraria acaulis Asian scalystem yeddadugu herb
8 “ Justicia adhatoda Malabar nut Addasaram shrub
9 “ Lepidagathis cristata Crested Lepidagathis nakka pita gaddi herb
10 Aizoaceae Trianthema desert horse Purslane Galijeru herb
portulacastrum
11 “ Zaleya decandra horse Purslane erra Galijeru herb
12 Amaranthaceae Achyranthes aspera Prickly Chaff Flower Vuttareni Chettu herb
13 “ Aerva lanata Mountain Knotgrass Pindidonda herb
14 “ Allmania nodiflora node Flower Allmania Gurugu Koora herb
15 “ Alternanthera sessilis sessil Joyweed/ Ponnaganti Koora herb
dwarf Copperleaf
16 “ Amaranthus spinosus spiny Amaranth Mullathotakura herb
17 “ Amaranthus viridis slender (Green) Chilaka- thotakura herb
Amaranth
18 “ Trichuriella monsoniae - erra Pindi herb
19 Amaryllidaceae Crinum asiaticum spider Lily Kichchiligadda herb
20 Anacardiaceae Anacardium occidentale Cashew Jeedipappu Tree
21 “ Buchanania axillaris Cuddapah Almond sara, Morli Tree
22 “ Buchanania cochin Chironji nut saara Pappu Tree
chinensis
23 “ Lannea coromandelica Indian Ash Tree Gumpena Tree
24 “ Mangifera indica Mango Mamidipandu Tree
25 “ Semecarpus anacardium Marking nut Bhallatamu, Jeedi, Tree
nallajeedi
26 Anonaceae Annona reticulata sugar Apple rama Phalam Tree
27 “ Annona squamosa Custard Apple sita Phalam Tree
28 “ Miliusa tomentosa hoom Budda dudduga Tree
29 “ Polyalthia cerasoides - Gutti dudduga Tree
30 Apiaceae Centella asiatica Indian Pennywort sarasvathy Aku herb
31 Apocynaceae Alstonia scholaris Indian devil Tree daevasurippi Tree
32 “ Caralluma adscendens Caralluma Karallamu, herb
Taviti Chettu
AnGIOsPerMs
Angiosperms
22. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 25
s.no Family scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
33 Äpocynaceae Carissa spinarum Bush Plum/Conkerberry Kalli shrub
34 “ Catharanthus pusillus Tiny Periwinkle Kanupoolaku herb
35 “ Ceropegia juncea Leafless Goglet Flower Bellagadda Climber
36 “ Cryptolepis dubia Karanta Adavi Palateega Climber
(Cryptolepis buchanani)
37 “ Dregea volubilis sneeze Wort Bandiguri Ginja Climber
(Wattakaka volubilis)
38 “ Gymnema sylvestre Gurmar Podapatri Climber
39 “ Hemidesmus indicus Indian sarasaparilla sungandhipala Climber
40 “ Holarrhena pubescens Indrajao Palakodisha Tree
41 “ Pergularia daemia Trellis-vine dushtapu Climber
42 “ Rauvolfia serpentina Indian snakeroot sarpagandha shrub
43 “ Tylophora indica Indian Ipecac Meka Mayani Aku Climber
44 “ Wrightia arborea Wolly dyeing rosebay Adaviankudu Tree
45 “ Wrightia tinctoria sweet Indrajao/ Aku Pala Tree
Pala Indigo
46 Araceae Amorphophallus elephant yam Pulla Ganda herb
paeoniifolius
47 Arecaceae Borassus flabellifer Asian Palmyra Taati Munja Tree
(sugar) Palm
48 “ Calamus rotang rattan Palm Vaimu Climber
49 “ Caryota urens solitary Fishtail Palm Jeeluga Tree
50 “ Phoenix sylvestris silver date Palm eeta pandu Tree
51 Asparagaceae Agave americana Century Plant Kalabanda herb
52 Aristolochiaceae Aristolochia bracteolata Worm Killer Gadidagadapaku herb
53 “ Aristolochia indica Indian Bithwort esvaraveru Climber
(Iswarmul)
54 Asteraceae Blumea mollis soft Blumea Kukka Poogakku herb
55 “ Cyanthillium cinereum Little Ironweed sahadevi herb
(Vernonia cinerea)
56 “ Elephantopus scaber elephant's Foot Gobhi herb
57 Asteraceae Pentanema indicum sonkadi sala Chamanthi herb
58 “ Sphagneticola calendulacea Chinese Wedelia - herb
(Wedelia chinensis)
59 “ Tridax procumbens Coat Buttons/ Gaddi Chamanti herb
Tridax daisy
60 Bignoniaceae Stereospermum - Pancha Pandavulu Tree
tetragonum
(S. personatum)
61 Bixaceae Cochlospermum Butter cup Tree Konda Gogu Tree
religiosum
AnGIOsPerMs
23. 26 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
s.no Family scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
62 Boraginaceae Coldenia procumbens Creeping Coldenia Cheppu tattaku herb
63 “ Cordia dichotoma Indian Cherry Bankanakkera Tree
64 “ Heliotropium zeylanicum - - herb
65 “ Trichodesma indicum Indian Borage Guva Gutti herb
66 Burseraceae Boswellia ovalifoliolata - Konda sambrani Tree
67 “ Boswellia serrata Indian Frankincense Anduga, Guggilamu Tree
68 Cactaceae Opuntia stricta erect Pricklypear Jemudu shrub
69 Capparaceae Cadaba fruticosa - Uttarasi shrub
70 “ Capparis zeylanica Ceylon Caper nallavuppi Climber
71 “ Crateva adansonii Garlic Pear Tree Voolemara Tree
72 “ Maerua oblongifolia desert Maerua - Climber
73 Caryophyllaceae Polycarpaea corymbosa Oldman's Cap Gaddi poovu herb
74 Celastraceae Celastrus paniculatus Black Oil Plant Kasara-tige Climber
75 “ Gymnosporia emarginata - Goddali vippa shrub
76 Clusiaceae Calophyllum inophyllum sultan Champa Ponna Tree
77 Colchicaceae Gloriosa superba Glory Lily Kalihari, Agnisikha Climber
78 Combretaceae Anogeissus acuminata Button tree Pasi Chettu Tree
79 “ Anogeissus latifolia Axle Wood Tree shirimanu Tree
80 “ Combretum albidum Piluki Geddepeyyeru Climber
81 “ Combretum decandrum - yadaku Climber
82 “ Getonia floribunda Paper Bontha Climber
(Calycopteris floribunda)
83 “ Terminalia alata Asan nalamaddi Tree
84 “ Terminalia arjuna Arjuna Tellamaddi Tree
85 “ Terminalia bellirica Baheda Thani Tree
86 “ Terminalia chebula yellow Myrobalan Karakkai Tree
87 Commelinaceae Commelina benghalensis Benghal dayflower yennadri herb
88 Convolvulaceae Argyreia nervosa Baby Woodrose Chandra Poda Climber
89 “ Evolvulus alsinoides dwarf Morning Vishnukrantha Climber
90 “ Merremia tridentata - surapu teega Climber
91 “ Rivea hypocrateriformis Midnapore Creeper Boddi Climber
92 Cornaceae Alangium salviifolium sage-leaved Alangium Urgu Tree
93 Costaceae Cheilocostus speciosus Crepe Ginger Kostamu herb
(Costus speciosus)
94 “ Curcuma pseudomontana hill Turmeric nalla Pasupu herb
95 Cucurbitaceae Coccinia grandis Ivy Gourd dondakaaya Climber
96 “ Momordica dioica spiny Gourd Aagakara Climber
97 Cyperaceae Bulbostylis barbata Watergrass sama Chamanthi herb
Gadda
AnGIOsPerMs
24. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 27
s.no Family scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
98 Cyperaceae Kyllinga odorata Fragrant spike sedge - herb
99 “ Cyperus rotundus Java Grass/nut Grass Tunga Gaddi herb
100 dioscoreaceae Dioscorea oppositifolia Chinese yam Aare Thega, Climber
Karraoendalamu,
Tella Gadda
101 “ Dioscorea pentaphylla Five leaf yam Adavi Ginusu Tiga, Climber
dukka Pendalam,
Monyakku
Pendalam Pendi,
Muka Tiga
102 “ Tacca leontopetaloides Batflower Muvvakanda herb
103 ebenaceae Diospyros chloroxylon - Illinda Tree
104 “ Diospyros melanoxylon Coromandel ebony Tuniki Tree
105 “ Diospyros montana Vishtendu - Tree
106 erythroxylaceae Erythroxylum monogynum red Cedar devadaru Tree
107 euphorbiaceae Acalypha indica Indian nettle Telukondi Chettu herb
108 “ Acalypha lanceolata Indian Copperleaf harita-manjari herb
109 “ Baliospermum Wild Castor/ Adavi Amudamu shrub
solanifolium red Physic nut
(B. montanum)
110 “ Euphorbia tirucalli Indian Tree spurge/ Manchi Jamudu Tree
Aveloz
111 “ Givotia moluccana White Catamaran Tree Konda Ponaku Tree
112 “ Jatropha curcas Jatropha Adavi Amudamu shrub /
Chettu Tree
113 “ Jatropha gossypifolia Bellyache Bush nepalam shrub
114 “ Mallotus philippensis Kamala Tree Kunkuma Tree
115 Fabaceae - Bauhinia purpurea Purple Orchid Tree daevakan chanamu Tree
Caesalpinioideae
116 “ Bauhinia racemosa Bidi Leaf Tree Tella Aarechettu Tree
117 “ Bauhinia vahlii Maloo Creeper Madapu Climber
118 “ Caesalpinia pulcherrima Peacock Flower ratnagandhi shrub
119 “ Cassia fistula Golden shower Tree rela Tree
120 “ Delonix elata White Gulmohar Chinna seribiseri Tree
121 “ Delonix regia Gulmohar Peddaturayi Tree
122 “ Hardwickia binata Anjan yepi Tree
123 “ Senna auriculata Avaram Tangedu shrub
(Cassia auriculata)
124 “ Senna italica Port royal senna nala Tangedu herb
(Cassia italica)
125 “ Senna obtusifolia Chinese senna Tantapu Chettu herb
(Cassia obtusifolia) (sicklepod)
AnGIOsPerMs
25. 28 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
s.no Family scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
126 Fabaceae - Senna occidentalis Coffee senna Chennangi shrub
Caesalpinioideae (Cassia occidentalis)
127 “ Senna sophera Kasunda Kasinda shrub
(Cassia sophera)
128 “ Senna tora stinking Cassia Tagarisa herb
(Cassia tora)
129 “ Tamarindus indica Tamarind Chinta Tree
130 Fabaceae - Abrus precatorius rosary Pea (Crab's eye) Guruvinda Climber
Faboideae
131 “ Alysicarpus monilifer - Paisa alam herb
132 “ Alysicarpus vaginalis Alyce Clover Baramatal-chettu herb
133 “ Butea monosperma Flame of the Forest Moduga Tree
134 “ Butea superba Climbing Palas Teega Moduga Climber
135 “ Cajanus scarabaeoides showy Pigeonpea Kukthi herb
(Atylosia scarabaeoides)
136 “ Canavalia cathartica Jackbean Adavi Tamma Climber
(Canavalia virosa)
137 “ Clitoria ternatea Butterfly Pea Gentana Climber
138 “ Crotalaria juncea sunn hemp shanama herb
139 “ Crotalaria verrucosa Blue rattlepod Ghelegherinta herb
140 “ Dalbergia latifolia east Indian rosewood Jitregi Tree
141 “ Dalbergia paniculata Patri Pacharu Tree
142 “ Dalbergia sissoo Indian rosewood sisso Tree
143 “ Erythrina variegata Indian Coral Tree Kavuku Tree
144 “ Mucuna pruriens Velvet Bean dulagondi Climber
145 “ Mundulea sericea Cork Bush Verri vempali Tree
146 “ Pongamia pinnata Indian Beech Tree Karanj Tree
147 “ Pterocarpus marsupium Indian Kino Tree Paiddagi Chekka, Tree
Peddagi,
148 “ Pterocarpus santalinus red sandalwood Agarugandhamu, Tree
erracandanam
149 “ Pueraria tuberosa Indian Kudzu sural, Vidarikand Climber
150 “ Tephrosia pumila Indigo sauvage Vempali shrub
151 “ Tephrosia purpurea Wild Indigo/Fish Poison Vempali shrub
152 “ Tephrosia villosa Wild Indigo nugu vempali shrub
153 “ Teramnus labialis Blue Wiss - Climber
154 “ Zornia gibbosa Grasslike Zornia hunam herb
155 Fabaceae - Acacia caesia - Korinda Tree
Mimosoideae
156 “ Acacia chundra senegalia Chundra sandra shrub
AnGIOsPerMs
26. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 29
s.no Family scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
157 Fabaceae - Acacia farnesiana Mimosa Bush/ Arimdamu Tree
Mimosoideae needle Bush
158 “ Acacia horrida rubber-thorn Tree Peeki Tumma Tree
159 “ Acacia leucophloea White Bark Acacia Tella Tumma Tree
160 “ Acacia nilotica Gum Arabic Tree nalla Tumma Tree
161 “ Acacia pennata Climbing Acacia Guba Korinda Tree
162 “ Acacia planifrons Umbrella Thorn Godugu Tumma Tree
163 “ Adenanthera pavonina saga (red Bead) Tree Bandi Gurivenda Tree
164 “ Albizia amara Krishna siris narlinga Tree
165 “ Albizia chinensis Chinese Albizia/silk Tree Bandi Chindhuga Tree
166 “ Albizia lebbeck Woman's Tongue dirisena Chettu Tree
167 “ Albizia odoratissima Black siris Chinduga Tree
168 “ Dichrostachys cinerea sicklebush/ Chinese Velturu Tree
Lantern Tree
169 “ Mimosa hamata hooked Mimosa - shrub
170 “ Pithecellobium dulce Madras Thorn sima Chinta Tree
171 “ Prosopis cineraria Jhand Jammi Chettu shrub
172 “ Xylia xylocarpa Burma Ironwood Bojja, Konda Tangedu Tree
173 hernandiaceae Gyrocarpus americanus helicopter Tree Poniki Tree
174 hypoxidaceae Curculigo orchioides Golden eye-grass nela Thadi herb
175 Lamiaceae Anisomeles indica Indian Catmint Adabeera herb
176 “ Anisomeles malabarica Malabar Catmint Moga Beera herb
177 “ Clerodendrum phlomidis Urni Taluki shrub
178 “ Gmelina arborea Gamhar/ english Gummadi Teku Tree
Beechwood
179 “ Gmelina asiatica Asian Bushbeech Chittigummudu shrub
180 “ Leucas aspera Common Leucas Thummi kura herb
181 “ Leucas cephalotes spiderwort dronapushpi herb
182 “ Ocimum basilicum sweet Basil Tulasi Chettu herb
183 “ Ocimum tenuiflorum holy Basil/Tulsi Tulasi herb
(Ocimum sanctum)
184 “ Premna tomentosa - nagoru Tree
185 “ Stachytarpheta jamaicensis Blue Porterweed Talapedinaku herb
186 “ Tectona grandis Teak Teku Tree
187 “ Vitex altissima Peacock Chaste Tree nemaliadugu Tree
188 “ Vitex negundo Five-leaved Chaste Tree Vavili shrub
189 Lauraceae Cassytha filiformis Love-vine Pachi teega Climber
190 “ Litsea glutinosa Indian Laurel narra Mamidi Tree
191 Lecythidaceae Barringtonia acutangula Barringtonia nir kanki Tree
AnGIOsPerMs
27. 30 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
s.no Family scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
192 Lecythidaceae Careya arborea Wild Guava Budadhermi, Tree
dudippa
193 Loganiaceae Strychnos nux-vomica nux Vomica Visha Mushti Tree
194 “ Strychnos potatorum Clearing-nut Tree Chillaginja Tree
195 Loranthaceae Dendrophthoe falcata honey suckle Badanika herb
Mistletoe
196 Lythraceae Lagerstroemia parviflora small Flowered Chennangi Tree
Crape Myrtle
197 “ Woodfordia fruticosa Fire Flame Bush Guldhaavi shrub
198 Malvaceae Abutilon indicum Indian Mallow duvvena Kayalu shrub
199 “ Bombax ceiba Cotton Tree Mulluburuga Tree
Chettu
200 “ Byttneria herbacea - - herb
201 “ Corchorus aestuans east Indian Mallow Kajati herb
202 “ Corchorus capsularis Tossa Jute Parinta herb
203 “ Firmiana simplex Gum Karaya Tapasi, Kovila Tree
(Sterculia urens)
204 “ Grewia hirsuta nagbala/Kukurbicha Chittijana shrub
205 “ Grewia tiliifolia dhaman Cahrachi Tree
206 “ Helicteres isora Indian screw Tree nuli Tada Tree
207 “ Malvastrum False Mallow - herb
coromandelianum
208 “ Pavonia zeylanica - Karu Benda herb
209 “ Pterospermum - Thada Tree
xylocarpum
210 “ Sida acuta Common Wireweed Poraka herb
211 “ Sida cordifolia Country Mallow Bala herb
212 “ Sida spinosa Prickly Fanpetals - herb
213 “ Thespesia lampas Ban Kapas - shrub
214 “ Thespesia populnea Portia Tree/Indian Tulip Gangaravi Tree
215 “ Triumfetta pentandra Fivestamen Burbark - herb
216 “ Urena lobata Caesar's Weed Bachita, shrub
217 “ Waltheria indica sleepy Morning nallabenda herb
218 Melastomataceae Melastoma Indian rhododendron neeti dhanimma shrub
malabathricum
219 Meliaceae Azadirachta indica neem Vepa Tree
220 Meliaceae Soymida febrifuga Indian redwood somi Tree
221 Menispermaceae Cissampelos pareira Abuta Visha Boddi Climber
222 “ Cocculus hirsutus Broom Creeper shibbi tiga Climber
AnGIOsPerMs
28. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 31
s.no Family scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
223 Menispermaceae Tinospora cordifolia Indian Tinospora Tippatiga Climber
224 Moraceae Ficus benghalensis Indian Banyan Marri Chettu Tree
225 “ Ficus hispida hairy Fig Bomma-medi Tree
226 “ Ficus microcarpa Chinese Banyan Juvvi Tree
227 “ Ficus mollis soft Fig Kalijuvvi Tree
228 “ Ficus racemosa Cluster Fig Tree Paidi Tree
229 “ Ficus religiosa Peepal raavi Tree
230 “ Ficus arnottiana Indian rock Fig banda ravi Tree
231 “ Ficus amplissima - Pedda juvvi Tree
232 “ Ficus dalhousiae - - Tree
233 “ Ficus exasperata - Karaka bodda Tree
234 “ Ficus nervosa - - Tree
235 “ Ficus palmata - Tree
var. virgata
236 “ Ficus tinctoria dye fig Konda Juvvi Tree
237 “ Ficus variegata - - Tree
238 “ Streblus asper sandpaper Tree Barrinka Tree
239 Moringaceae Moringa pterygosperma drumstick Munaga Tree
240 Myrtaceae Syzygium alternifolium Jamun Mogi, Movi Tree
241 “ Syzygium cumini Jamun neredu Tree
242 nyctaginaceae Boerhavia diffusa red spiderling/ Punarnava herb
Four o'clock Flower
243 Ochnaceae Ochna obtusata Golden Champak sonnari Tree
244 Olacaceae Ximenia americana yellow Plum/ nakkera Tree
sea Lemon
245 Oleaceae Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Coral Jasmine Parijatam Tree
246 Oleaceae Schrebera swietenioides Weaver's Beam Tree Mokkam Tree
247 Orchidaceae Vanda tessellata Checkered Vanda Banda, herb
Persara (hindi)
248 Oxalidaceae Biophytum sensitivum - Puli Chintha herb
249 Pandanaceae Pandanus odoratissimus screwpine Mogali shrub
250 Phyllanthaceae Bridelia montana - Panchoktam shrub
251 “ Bridelia retusa spinous Kino Tree Kora Maddi Tree
252 “ Cleistanthus collinus Garari Kadise Tree
253 “ Flueggea leucopyrus Katupila Tella Purugudu shrub
(Securinega leucopyrus)
254 “ Phyllanthus emblica Indian Gooseberry Usiri Tree
255 “ Phyllanthus Madras Leaf-Flower Adavi nela Usiri herb
maderaspatensis
AnGIOsPerMs
29. 32 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
s.no Family scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
256 Phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus amarus Carry Me seed nela Usiri herb
257 “ Phyllanthus reticulatus Black-honey shrub Puliseru shrub
258 “ Phyllanthus urinaria Chamber Bitter erra Usirika herb
259 “ Phyllanthus virgatus seed Under Leaf Oocha Usirika herb
(Phyllanthus simplex)
260 Plumbaginaceae Plumbago zeylanica Ceylon Leadwort Chitra mulam herb
261 Poaceae Apluda mutica Mauritian Grass Adavikorregaddi herb
262 “ Aristida adscensionis Common needle Grass Katle Chettu, herb
Katle Gaddi
263 “ Aristida funiculata - - herb
264 “ Aristida setacea - Cheepurugaddi herb
265 “ Bambusa bambos Bamboo Veduru shrub
(Bambusa arundinacea)
266 “ Brachiaria ramosa dixie Liverseed Grass/ Aduru Gaddi herb
Browntop Millet
267 “ Chloris barbata swollen Finger Grass Uppu Gaddi herb
268 “ Chrysopogon aciculatus Love Grass Udara Gaddi herb
269 “ Chrysopogon zizanioides Vetiver Vattiveru herb
(Vetiveria zizanioides)
270 “ Cymbopogon citratus Lemon Grass nimma Gaddi herb
271 “ Cymbopogon flexuosus Cochin Grass/Malabar nimbu Ghaas herb
Grass/ Lemongrass
272 “ Cynodon dactylon Bermuda Grass Ghericha herb
273 “ Dendrocalamus strictus Calcutta Bamboo Potu Veduru shrub
274 “ Eragrostis amabilis Japanese Lovegrass - herb
(E.tenella)
275 “ Heteropogon contortus spear Grass eda Gaddi herb
276 “ Setaria pumila yellow Foxtail nakkatokagaddi herb
277 “ Themeda triandra red Oat Grass - herb
278 Portulacaceae Portulaca oleracea Common Purslane Boddi kura herb
279 rhamnaceae Ventilago maderaspatana red Creeper - Climber
280 “ Ziziphus jujuba Indian Jujube/Ber regu Tree
(Ziziphus mauritiana)
281 “ Ziziphus nummularia Jhar Beri Chinna regu shrub
282 “ Ziziphus oenopolia Jackal Jujube Pariki Climber
283 “ Ziziphus xylopyrus - Gotti Tree
284 rubiaceae Canthium Canthium Balusu shrub
coromandelicum
(C. parviflorum)
285 “ Catunaregam spinosa Mountain Pomegranate Manga shrub
286 “ Gardenia latifolia Indian Boxwood Pedda Karinga Tree
AnGIOsPerMs
30. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 33
s.no Family scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
287 rubiaceae Gardenia resinifera Brilliant Gardenia Konda Manga Tree
288 “ Haldina cordifolia haldu Pasupu-kadamba Tree
289 “ Ixora pavetta (I. arborea) Ixora/Torch Tree Korivi Tree
290 “ Mitragyna parvifolia Kaim Batta Ganapu Tree
291 “ Morinda pubescens Indian Mulberry Maddi, Maddicetti, Tree
Tagaru
292 “ Oldenlandia umbellata - Chirval herb
(Hedyotis puberula)
293 “ Tamilnadia uliginosa divine Jasmine - Tree
294 rutaceae Aegle marmelos Golden Apple Maredu/Bael Tree
295 “ Atalantia monophylla Indian Atlantia sima Chinta Tree
296 “ Chloroxylon swietenia Ceylon satinwood Bildu Chettu Tree
297 “ Murraya koenigii Curry Tree Karvepaaku Tree
298 “ Naringi crenulata - - Tree
299 salicaceae Casearia tomentosa Mojal Kanuvisiri Tree
(Casearia elliptica)
300 salvadoraceae Salvadora persica Toothbrush Tree Gunnangi shrub
301 santalaceae Santalum album sandalwood srigandham Tree
302 sapindaceae Allophylus cobbe Titberry erra Avalu shrub
303 “ Cardiospermum Balloon Vine Buddaka kara Climber
halicacabum
304 “ Dodonaea viscosa - Puli vailu shrub
305 “ Sapindus emarginatus notched Leaf soapnut Kunkudu Tree
306 “ Schleichera oleosa Ceylon Oak Pusugu Tree
307 sapotaceae Madhuca longifolia Mahua Ippa Tree
var. latifolia
308 “ Madhuca longifolia Indian Butter Tree Pedda Ippa Tree
309 “ Manilkara hexandra Ceylon Iron Wood Palapandlu Tree
310 “ Mimusops elengi Maulsari Pogada Tree
311 simaroubaceae Ailanthus excelsa Indian Tree of heaven Peddamanu Tree
312 solanaceae Datura innoxia datura/Thorn-apple Ummetta shrub
313 “ Datura metel Metel/ devil's Trumpet Ummetta shrub
314 “ Physalis angulata Cutleaf Groundcherry Budda gosi herb
315 “ Solanum surattense nightshade Mulla vankaya herb
316 “ Withania somnifera Indian Ginseng/ Asvagandha herb
Ashwagandha
317 Ulmaceae Holoptelea integrifolia Indian elm nemalinara Tree
318 Violaceae Hybanthus enneaspermus spade Flower ratnapurush herb
319 Vitaceae Ampelocissus latifolia Wild Grape Adavi Teega draksha Climber
AnGIOsPerMs
31. 34 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
AnGIOsPerMs
.no Family scientific Common Telugu/hindi Type
name name name
320 Vitaceae Ampelocissus tomentosa hairy Wild Grape Gari Gummadi Climber
321 “ Cissus adnata - Adavi Gummadi shrub
(C. pallida)
322 “ Cissus quadrangularis Veldt Grape nalleru Climber
323 “ Cissus vitiginea - Adavi draksha Climber
324 “ Leea asiatica Banchalita - shrub
325 Xanthorr- Aloe vera Aloe Vera Kalabanda herb
hoeaceae
326 Zygophyllaceae Balanites aegyptiaca desert date Gare shrub
Ficus dalhousiae
56. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 59
ANGIoSpErMS
Thimmamma Marri Maanu in Gootubailu Village,
Anantapuramu District
Terminalia chebula
(Karakkai)
Thespesia lampas
(Ban Kapas)
Thespesia populnea
(portia Tree/ Indian Tulip)
Vitex altissima
(Nemali Adugu)
Wrightia tinctoria
(pala kodisa)
Zingiber officinale
(Sweet ginger)
57. 60 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
ANGIoSpErMS
Pterocarpus santalinus
58. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 61
Aeschynomene indica
(Indian Joint Vetch)
Ammannia baccifera
(Monarch redstem)
Bacopa monnieri
(Indian pennywort)
Flora associated with freshwater
Freshwater flora comprises plants that inhabit rivers, lakes, ditches, rice fields and other
freshwater ecosystems. These plants are especially adapted to life in water they play a crucial
role in maintaining nutrient cycles in water and providing food for aquatic animals. Moreover,
the plants play a major role in self-purification of water.
S.No Family Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/Hindi Name Type
1 Araceae Pistia stratiotes Water Lettuce Akasatamara, Herb
Jalkumbhi
2 Asteraceae Caesulia axillaris pink Node Flower Erra Gobbi Herb
3 “ Eclipta prostrata False Daisy Guntakalagara Herb
4 Lythraceae Ammannia baccifera Monarch redstem Agnivendapaku Herb
5 Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo nucifera Indian Lotus Tamara Herb
6 Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea nouchali Star Water Lily Neeti Kaluva Herb
7 “ Nymphaea pubescens pink Water Lily - Herb
8 Fabaceae - Aeschynomene indica indian Joint Vetch Jeeluga Herb
Faboideae
9 pontederiaceae Eichhornia crassipes Water Hyacinth Jammu Herb
10 Scrophulariaceae Bacopa monnieri Indian pennywort Saraswataaku Herb
11 Typhaceae Typha domingensis Lesser indian Dabbu Jambu Herb
reed Mace
12 Verbenaceae Phyla nodiflora Sawtooth Frogfruit Bokkenaku Herb
FrESHWATEr
pLANTS
59. 62 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
Caesulia axillaris
(pink Node Flower)
Eclipta prostrata
(Bhringraj)
Eichhornia crassipes
(Water Hyacinth)
Monochoria vaginalis
(oval-Leafed pondweed)
Nelumbo nucifera
(Indian Lotus)
Nymphaea nouchali
(Water Water Lily)
Nymphaea pubescens
(pink Water Lily)
Phyla nodiflora
(Sawtooth Frogfruit)
Pistia stratiotes
(Water Lettuce)
FrESHWATEr
pLANTS
60. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 63
Mangroves
Mangroves are trees and shrubs that grow in the saline coastal sediment habitats in tropic and
subtropic estuarine regions. They develop great number of physiological adaptations to
overcome problems of anoxia, high salinity, and frequent tidal inundation. Each species has its
own solutions to the above obstacles: this is why mangrove tree species show distinct zonation
along coasts.
once established, mangrove roots provide an oyster habitat and slow water flow, enhancing
sediment deposition along the shore. This acts as natural flood control for the coastline, and
prevents its easy erosion by the waves. With this control, mangroves build their own
environment, sometimes with unique species inhabiting it, thus making these ecosystems the
centres of biodiversity.
S.No. Family Scientific Name Vernacular Common Name Availability
Name (Telugu)
1 Acanthaceae Acanthus illicifolius Aalchi Sea Holly Very Common
2 Avicenniaceae Avicennia alba Vilva mada - Common
3 " Avicennia marina Tella mada Grey Mangrove Very Common
4 " Avicennia officinalis Nalla mada - Very Common
5 Combretaceae Lumnitzera racemosa Thanduga - Common
6 Euphorbiaceae Excorcaria agallocha Tilla Milky Mangrove Very Common
7 Lythraceae Sonneratia apetala Kalinga Sonneratia rare
8 “ Sonneratia alba pedda Kalinga Mangrove rare
9 Meliaceae Xylocarpus moluccensis Senuga - rare
10 rhizophoraceae Bruguiera cylindrica Voorudu - Moderate
11 " Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Kandriga oriental Mangrove Moderate
12 " Ceriops decandra Togara - Moderate
13 " Rhizophora apiculata ponna - Very Common
14 " Rhizophora mucronata Uppu ponna Loop-root Mangrove Common
15 rubiaceae Scyphiphora Nara thanduga - rare
hydrophillaceae
16 Verbenaceae Aegiceras corniculatum Guggilam Black Mangrove/ Common
river Mangrove
MANGroVES
61. 64 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
Acanthus ilicifolius
(Sea Holly)
Aegiceras corniculatum
(Black Mangrove/ river
Mangrove)
Avicennia alba
(Elava mada)
Avicennia marina
(Tella mada)
Avicennia officinalis
(Nallamala)
Bruguiera gymnorhiza
(oriental Mangrove)
Ceriops decandra
(Togara)
Excoecaria agallocha
(Milky Mangrove)
Rhizophora apiculata
(ponna)
MANGroVES
62. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 65
ornamental plants
ornamental plants are grown mainly for decorative purposes in houses, gardens and
landscaped areas. They are cultivated for aesthetic features like plant, flowers, leaves,
fragrance, foliage texture, fruits, stems, bark etc.
S.No Category Family Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/ Hindi
Name
1 Bamboos Liliaceae Ophiopogon Giant Lily Turf -
and Grasses jaburan 'Variegata'
2 poaceae Bambusa tuldoides Buddha, Belly Bamboo -
3 " Bambusa vulgaris Tiger Bamboo -
4 " Pennisetum hohenackeri Fountain Grass -
5 " Phalaris arundinacea ribbon Grass/ -
reed Canary Grass
6 " Phyllostachys aurea Golden Bamboo -
7 " Phyllostachys nigra Black Bamboo -
8 Cactii and Agavaceae Furcraea foetida Giant Cabuya -
Succulents
9 Apocynaceae Adenium obesum Desert rose -
10 Asparagaceae Yucca aloifolia Spanish Dagger -
11 " Agave americana Century plant -
12 " Sansevieria trifasciata Snake plant -
13 Cactaceae Opuntia ficus-indica Barbary Fig/Indian Fig -
14 Commelinaceae Tradescantia pallida purple Heart -
15 " Tradescantia spathacea rhoeo/Moses in -
the Cradle
orNAMENTAL
pLANTS
Tabebuia aurea
69. 72 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
orNAMENTAL
pLANTS
Jacaranda mimosifolia
(Swarnasundari)
Kigelia africana
(Avaguda)
Magnolia champaca
(Chettu sampanga)
Millingtionia hortensis
(Kadamalli)
Plumeria alba
(Devaganneru)
Spathodea campanulata
(Banduga)
Delonix regia
70. Gloriosa superba
Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 73
MEDICINAL
pLANTS
Medicinal plants
plants have the ability to synthesize a wide variety of chemical compounds and are used to cure
human and animal diseases. At least some 12,000 useful compounds have been isolated so far from
plants. According to WHo 80 percent of the population of some Asian and African countries
presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care. In India about 8000 species
of medicinal plants are in preparation of over 10,000 drug formulations. In the context of fast
erosion of cultural diversity in different parts of the world and many of the medicinal plants of high
potential value are threatened by either over-harvest or loss of habitat. Ayurveda, Homeopathy,
Unani and Siddha medicines are relied on medicinal plants. Some of the common medicinal plant
species used in Andhra pradesh are presented here. of the 32 medicinal plants prioritised by AYUSH,
the following 21 are growing in the state of Andhra pradesh. Aegle marmelos, Andrographis
paniculata, Asparagus racemosus, Bacopa monnieri, Coleus barbatus, Commiphora wightii, Embelia
ribes, Emblica officinalis, Garcinia indica, Gloriosa superba, Gymnema sylvestre, Ocimum sanctum,
Phyllanthus amarus, Piper longum, Plantago ovata, Rauwolfia serpentine, Santalum album, Saraca
asoca, Solanum nigrum, Tinospora cordifolia and Withania somnifera.
71. 74 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
S Family Scientific Common ApI Name Telugu/ Medicinal
No. Name Name Hindi Name property
1 Acanthaceae Andrographis Kariyat/Creat/ - Nela vemu Treats respiratory
paniculata King of Bitters infection, ulcerative
colitis and rheumatic
symptoms
2 “ Justicia adhatoda Malabar Nut Vasa Addasaram Anti-microbial
(Adhatoda zeylanica)
3 Acoraceae Acorus calamus Sweet Flag Vaca Vaja Counters the side effects
of hallucinogens
4 Anacardiaceae Semecarpus Marking Nut Bhallataka Nalla Jeedi Anti-atherogenic,
anacardium anti¬inflammatory, anti-
oxidant, anti-microbial,
anti- reproductive, anti-
carcinogenic
5 Apiaceae Centella asiatica Indian Mandukaparni Saraswataku Treats nervous disorders,
pennywort epilepsy, senility and
premature aging
6 Apocynaceae Catharanthus roseus periwinkle Billa Ganneru Treats diabetes, malaria,
leukemia, and Hodgkin's
lymphoma
7 “ Decalepis hamiltonii Swallow root - Nannari, General vitaliser, blood
Maredu purifier, wound healer,
anti-poisoning agent
8 “ Hemidesmus indicus Indian Sveta sariva Anatmool, Facilitates trances for
Sarasparilla Suganda pala deep meditation,
relaxant
9 “ Holarrhena pubescens Indrajao Kutaja Indrayava Kodisepala, Astringent, anti-
Kolamukku, dysenteric,
Kondamalle, anthelmintic. Treats
Kutajamu anthelmintic. Treats
amoebic dysentery &
diarrhoea
10 “ Holostemma Holostemma - Jeevanti, Anti-microbial
ada-kodien Creeper palagurugu
11 “ Rauvolfia serpentina Indian Snakeroot Sarpagandha Sarpagandha Tranquilizer and sedative
12 “ Wrightia tinctoria Sweet Indrajao/ - Inderjau Anti-inflammatory and
pala Indigo anti-dandruff. Treats
psoriasis and non-specific
dermatitis
13 “ Gymnema sylvestre Gurmar Mesarngi podapatri Anti-sweet activity,
anti¬diabetic effect.
Treats constipation,
water retention, and liver
disease
14 Asteraceae Eclipta prostrata False Daisy Bhringaraja Guntagalagara Treats jaundice, fatty
liver,
and hemorrhoids
15 Bignoniaceae Oroxylum indicum Broken Bones Syonaka Tetu Chhal, Astringent and anodyne
Tree Manduka - (painkiller)
parnamu,
pampena
MEDICINAL pLANTS
72. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 75
S Family Scientific Common ApI Name Telugu/ Medicinal
No. Name Name Hindi Name property
16 Malvaceae Bombax ceiba red Silk Cotton Salmali Booruga Anti-cancer agent,
Tree anti¬inflammatory, anti-
arthritic, anti-mutagenic,
anti-malarial and anti-
plasmodial
17 Burseraceae Boswellia serrata Indian Kunduru Guggilamu, Treats inflammatory
Frankinscense parangi, diseases including
Sambrani chetturheumatoid arthritis,
bronchial asthma,
osteoarthritis, ulcerative
colitis and Crohn's
disease
18 Colchicaceae Gloriosa superba Glory Lily Langali Kalihari, Treats open wounds and
Agnisikha ulcers caused by
numerous ailments and
diseases, arthritis.
Counters many internal
parasites as an
Anthelminc and laxative.
Also an alexiteric
(anti¬venom)
19 Combretaceae Terminalia arjuna Arjuna Tree Arjuna Tella maddi Cardioprotective. Treats
cholesterol issues,
reduces angina episodes
20 “ Terminalia bellirica Baheda Bibhitaka Thani, Behra, Treats jaundice, TB, and
Bhutavasamu lung problems
21 “ Terminalia chebula Chelubic Haritaki Harda, Laxative, rejuvenant,
Myrobalan Nallakaraka purgative, astringent
22 Convolvulaceae Ipomoea mauritiana Giant potato Kshiravidari palmudhakkan, Anti-toxin
Nelagummudu
23 “ Operculina turpethum Transparent Trivrta Nishoth Anti-ulcer
rose Wood
24 Cucurbitaceae Citrullus colocynthis Bitter Apple Indravaruni Indrayan, Anti-microbial,
Chitti-papara Anti-diabetic
25 Cleomaceae Cleome felina - - - Anti-microbial
26 “ Cassia fistula Golden Shower Aragvadha Amaltas, rela purgative, general health
Tree enhancement
27 Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia - - - Asthma
nallamalayana
28 Fabaceae - Saraca asoca Sita Ashoka Sita Ashoka Asokamu Treats uterine bleeding,
Caesalpinioideae dysmenorrhoea and
depression in women
29 “ Senna alexandrina Tirunelveli Svarnapatri Sonamukhi purgative, Anti-pyretic,
(Cassia angustifolia) Senna Nelaponna
laxative, vermifuge, and
Nelatangedu diuretic
30 “ Senna insularis Tropical Chaksoo, Acts as poison
(Cassia absus) Sensitive pea Chanupala cleanser
vittulu
MEDICINAL pLANTS
73. 76 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
S Family Scientific Common ApI Name Telugu/ Medicinal
No. Name Name Hindi Name property
31 Fabaceae - Senna tora Stinking Cassia prapunnada Chakoda Beeja Treats swellings
Caesalpinioideae (Cassia tora)
32 Fabaceae - Cullen corylifolium Scurfy pea Bakuchi Bawachi, Chemoprotective,
Faboideae (Psoralea corylifolia) Bavanchalu anti-oxidant,
anti¬microbial, and
anti¬inflammatory
33 “ Desmodium Sal-leaved Salaparni Gitanaramu Treats neurological
gangeticum Desmodium imbalances
34 “ Mucuna pruriens Velvet Bean Atmagupta Kaunch Beej Manages and treats
parkinson's disease.
35 “ Pongamia pinnata Indian Beech Karanja Kanuga, Karanji Anti-plasmoidal, anti-
Tree inflmmatory, anti-
oxidant, anti-
hyperglycemic
36 “ Pterocarpus marsupium Indian Kino Tree Asana Aegisa, Astringent
Damulakhwain
37 “ Pterocarpus santalinus red Sanders raktachandana rakatachandan Anti-pyretic,
anti¬inflammatory,
anthelmintic, cooling
agent, aphridisiac, anti-
hypperglycemic.
38 “ Tephrosia purpurea Wild Indigo Sarpankha Anthelmintic, alexiteric,
alterative, and anti-
pyretic. Treats leprosy,
ulcers, asthma, and
tumors
40 Fabaceae - Butea monosperma Flame of palasa, palasah Tesu phool Acts as a mosquito
Faboideae the Forest repellent
41 “ Zornia gibbosa - - Hunam Anti-inflammatory
42 Fabaceae - Albizia amara Krishna Siris - Narlinga Treats malaria, ulcers,
Mimosoideae and coughs
43 Gentianaceae Convolvulus prostrate Sankapuspi Shankhapushpi potent memory
microphyllus Bindweed enhancing
drug, psycho¬stimulant
and tranquilizer. Treats
epilepsy and
hypertension
44 Lamiaceae Ocimum basilicum Common Basil - Kali Tulasi Anti-bacterial, Anti-
fungal, Anti-spasmodic,
and digestive
45 “ Ocimum tenuiflorum Holy Basil/Tulsi Tulasi Tulasi Helps to adapt to stress.
(Ocimum sanctum) Acts as insect repellent
46 “ Plectranthus barbatus Indian Coleus Gandira Gandhira Treats heart disease,
convulsions, spasmodic
pain, and painful
urination
MEDICINAL pLANTS
74. S Family Scientific Common ApI Name Telugu/ Medicinal
No. Name Name Hindi Name property
46 Lamiaceae Vitex negundo Five-leaved Nirgundi, Neergundi, Acts as pest repellant for
Chaste Tree renuka Vavili stored garlic. Treats
eczema, ringworm, liver
disorders, spleen
enlargement, and
rheumatic pain
47 “ Coleus forskohlii Coleus - pashana bedhi Cardiovascular, skin
diseases,treatment for
digestive system.
48 Liliaceae Asparagus racemosus Wild Asparagus Satavari Chall agadda, Acts as a galactogogue
Ettavaludutige (to improve breast milk)
49 “ Chlorophytum Safed Musli - Kuchhela, popular tonic and
tuberosum Sarala pagada, aphrodisiac. Treats
Vusiri guinea-worm infections
50 Loganiaceae Strychnos potatorum Clearing-nut Kataka Nirmali, Treats eye diseases,
Tree Chelaginja poisoning, and
hallucinations
51 “ Strychnos nux-vomica Nux Vomica Visha musti Kuchla, Suppresses allergen-
Mushidi specific Immunoglobulin
E, elevates blood
pressure
52 Malvaceae Sida cordifolia Country Mallow - Bala Treats diarrhea. Acts as
rejuvenant, diuretic, and
astringent
53 “ Firmiana simplex Gum Karaya - Tapasi, Kovila, Treats wounds and
Karaya, Kavili infections
54 Meliaceae Azadirachta indica Neem Nimba Vepa Anthelmintic, anti-
fungal, anti-diabetic, anti-
bacterial, anti-viral,
contraceptive and
sedative
55 Menispermaceae Tinospora sinensis Gulbel/indian Guduci Giloy, Treats diabetes, high
(T. cordifolia) Tinospora Manapala cholesterol, gout,
lymphoma and other
cancers, rheumatoid
arthritis, hepatitis, peptic
ulcer disease, and STDs
(Sexually Transmitted
Diseases)
56 Nyctaginaceae Boerhavia diffusa red Spiderling / punarnava punarnava Anti-bacterial, anti-
Four o'clock rakta, rakta- oxidant, heptaprotective,
Flower punarnava and hypoglycemic.
Helps improve and
protect eye sight
57 phyllanthaceae Phyllanthus amarus Carry Me Seed Tamalaki Bhumiamla Treats liver-related
diseases, kidney stones,
hepatitis B, and jaundice
Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 77
MEDICJNAL pLANS
75. 78 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
MEDICINAL pLANTS
S Family Scientific Common ApI Name Telugu/ Medicinal
No. Name Name Hindi Name property
58 “ Phyllanthus emblica Gooseberry Amalaki Usiri, Amla Anti-oxidant,
(Emblica officinalis) hypotensive. Acts as an
anntacid, tonic, and mild
laxative
59 piperaceae Piper longum Long pepper pippalimula, pippalu Acts as stimulant for
pippali digestive and the
respiratory systems.
Treats bronchitis and
diseases of spleen
60 plumbaginaceae Plumbago zeylanica Ceylon Chitraka Chitraka Anti-inflammatory. Treats
Leadwort skin diseases
61 rutaceae Aegle marmelos Golden Apple Bilva Maredu, Bael Therapy for gastroin
testinal diseases, piles,
oedema, jaundice, and
obesity
62 Santalaceae Santalum album Sandalwood Svetacandana Chandan Treats common colds,
skin disorders, heart
ailments, general
weakness, liver and
gallbladder complaints
63 Sapotaceae Madhuca longifolia Mahua/ Tree Madhuka Madhuka, Ippa Used for skincare, to
var. latifolia Indian Butter manufacture soap or
detergents. Also used as
a vegetable butter
64 Solanaceae Datura metel Metel/Devil's Dhattura Duttura Treasts superficial skin
Trumpet diseases
65 “ Solanum americanum Black/American Kakamaci Makoi, Kasaka Strong sudorific,
(S. nigrum) Nightshade analgesic
and sedative with
powerful narcotic
properties. Treats
dysentery, ulcers,
tubercolosis, and
asthama
66 “ Solanum virginianum - - Vakudu Heliminthiasis, Diuretic,
(S. Surattense) Stomachic, tooth
problems
67 “ Withania somnifera Ashwagandha Asvagandha Vajigandha Treats tumors, tubercular
glands, carbuncles, and
ulcers
68 Xanthorrhoe- Aloe vera Aloe Vera Kanyasara Kumari Anti-inflammatory
aceae
69 Zingiberaceae Curcuma angustifolia East Indian Thikhur, Ararut-gaddalu
Arrow root Anti-fungal and anti-
bacterial. Treats
dysentery, diarrhea, and
colitis.
70 Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris puncture Vine Goksura Gokhru Anti-bacterial, anti-viral,
aphrodisiac, astringent,
diuretic, and stimulant
77. 80 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
Decalepis hamiltonii
(Maredu Kommulu)
Eclipta prostrata
(False Daisy)
Euphorbia nallamalayana
Holostemma ada-kodien
(Holostemma creeper)
Operculina turpethum
(Transparent rose Wood)
Oroxylum indicum
(Broken Bones Tree)
Piper Sp.
(pepper)
Plumbago zeylanica
(Ceylon Leadwort)
Rauvolfia serpentina
(Sarpagandha)
MEDICINAL pLANTS
78. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 81
Santalum album
(Sandal wood)
Saraca asoca
(Sita Ashoka)
Semecarpus anacardium
(Marking nut)
Senna tora
(Cassia tora)
(Indian Snakeroot)
Sida cordifolia
(Country Mallow)
Solanum surattense
(Vakudu)
Tephrosia purpurea
(Wild indigo)
Vitex negundo
(Five-leaved Chaste Tree)
Zornia gibbosa
(Hunam)
MEDICNAL pLANTS
79. 82 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
Invasive Alien plants
Invasive alien species are species whose introduction and/or spread outside their natural past or
present distribution threaten the biological diversity of the resident area. The common
characteristics are rapid reproduction and growth, high dispersal ability, adaptation to new
conditions, and ability to survive on diverse food sources and in varied environmental conditions.
The negative impacts of these organisms are tremendous. They out-competes the native organisms
by ferociously competing for resources, and often lead to the reduction in population or extinction
of the native plants from the area.
S.No Family Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/Hindi Name Type
1 Amaranthaceae Alternanthera Alligator Weed ponnagantikura Herb
philoxeroides
2 “ Alternanthera pungens Khaki Weed - Herb
3 “ Celosia argentea plumed Cockscomb Gunugu, Lalmurga (Hindi) Herb
4 Apocynaceae Calotropis gigantea Milkweed (Swallow- Jilledu, Swetharka Shrub
wort)/ Crown Flower
5 “ Calotropis procera Giant Milkweed Jilledu, Arka Shrub
6 “ Cryptostegia grandiflora rubber Vine Ganta paala, rabbarutheega Climber
7 Asteraceae Ageratum conyzoides Goatweed Gabbaku, Jangli pudina Herb
8 “ Blainvillea acmella para Cress Flower Kanghi (Hindi) Herb
9 “ Blumea lacera Kakronda Advimulangi, Karupogaku Herb
10 “ Chromolaena odorata Siam Weed Tivra Gandha, Herb
Bagh Dhoka (Hindi)
11 “ Echinops echinatus Indian Globe Thistle Brahmadandi Herb
12 “ Lagascea mollis Silk Leaf - Herb
13 “ Parthenium Carrot Weed Vayyari bhama, Herb
hysterophorus Congress weed
14 “ Xanthium pungens Cocklebur Marulutige Herb
15 Cleomaceae Cleome viscosa Asian Spiderflower Kukkavaminta Herb
16 Convolvulaceae Cuscuta reflexa Cuscuta Sitamma pogulu, Climber
Bangaru teegalu
17 “ Ipomoea pes-tigridis Tiger Foot Chikunuvvu Climber
Morning Glory
18 Euphorbiaceae Croton bonplandianus Croton Vaana chettu Herb
19 “ Euphorbia hirta Asthma Weed Nanabalu, reska Herb
(Chamaesyce hirta)
20 Fabceae- Senna alata Candle Bush Seemaiagathi Shrub
Caesalpinioideae (Cassia alata).
21 “ Senna uniflora one-leaf Senna - Herb
(Cassia uniflora)
22 Fabaceae- Sesbania bispinosa prickly Sesban Dhaincha (Hindi) Shrub
Faboideae
23 “ Stylosanthes fruticosa Shrubby pencil Saali Kampa Flower/ Herb
African Stylo
24 “ Crotalaria ramosissima - Herb
INVASIVE ALIEN
pLANTS
80. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 83
Ageratum conyzoides
(Goat weed)
Alternanthera philoxeroides
(Alligator Weed)
Alternanthera pungens
(Khaki Weed)
S.No Family Scientific Name Common Name Telugu/Hindi Name Type
25 Fabaceae- Leucaena leucocephala Wild Tamarind Subabul Tree
Mimosoideae
26 “ Mimosa pudica Touch-me-not Chui-mui (Hindi) Herb
27 “ Prosopis juliflora Algaroba/Mesquite Sarkar Tumma, Junglee Shrub
Kikar, Vilayati Babul (Hindi)
28 Lamiaceae Hyptis suaveolens American Mint Gabbu Tulasi Herb
29 “ Leonotis nepetifolia Lion's Ear Hanumantabira, Herb
Mulagolimedi
30 “ Ocimum americanum Hoary Basil/ Kukka Thulasi Herb
(O. canum) African Mint
31 Malvaceae Malachra capitata Brazil Jute Van Bhindi (Hindi) Herb
32 Martyniaceae Martynia annua Cat's Claw/Devil's Claw Telu kondi, Ulat-kanta (Hindi) Herb
33 oxalidaceae Oxalis corniculata Creeping Wood Sorrel pulichintha Herb
34 papaveraceae Argemone mexicana Mexican prickly poppy Balurakkasi Herb
35 passifloraceae Passiflora foetida Stinking passionflower Tellajumiki Climber
36 pedaliaceae Pedalium murex Large Caltrops Anugu palleru Herb
37 polygonaceae Antigonon leptopus Mexican Creeper Teega Batani Climber
38 rubiaceae Spermacoce hispida False Buttonweed Madana Herb
39 Solanaceae Solanum americanum American Nightshade Kamanchi Herb
40 Tiliaceae Triumfetta rhomboidea Burr Bush/ Bankathuthara Herb
Chinese Burr
41 Verbenaceae Lantana camara Lantana/Wild Sage pulikampa Shrub
42 Zygophyllaceae Tribulus terrestris puncture Vine palleru Herb
INVASIVE ALIEN
pLANTS
84. Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016 I 87
Stylosanthes fruticosa
(Shrubby pencil Flower/
African Stylo)
Tribulus terrestris
(puncture Vine)
Triumfetta rhomboidea
(Burr Bush/ Chinese Burr)
INVASIVE ALIEN
pLANTS
Parthenium hysterophorus
85. 88 I Biodiversity Field Guide I 2016
AGrICULTUrAL
CropS
Agro-biodiversity of Andhra pradesh
Andhra pradesh is rich in agricultural biodiversity - it is home to several varieties of crop
plants and livestock.
Crop varieties: The areas considered as agro-biodiversity hotspots in our Andhra pradesh
are the High Altitude Tribal Areas of North Coastal Andhra pradesh and Southern Eastern
Ghats in rayalaseema.
Table: Crop varieties in Andhra pradesh
Crops Varieties
rice (Vadlu) 114
Jowar (Jonnalu) 75
Bornyard millets (odalu) 5
Italian millets (Korralu) 10
Little millets (Samalu) 7
Kodo millets (Arikelu) 10
pearl millets (Sajjalu) 10
proso millets (Varigelu) 2
Finger millets (ragulu) 7
Gingelly (Nuvvulu) 15
Chickpea (Sanagalu) 8
Green Gram (pesalu) 8
Black Gram (Minumulu) 10
Cowpea (Alasandalu) 10
pigeon pea (Kandulu) 15
Horse Gram (Ulavalu) 6
Livestock breeds: Some of our native cattle breeds are ongole cattle (prakasam, Guntur,
SpSr Nellore and Kurnool), Halikar cattle (Chittoor and Anantapur), punganur cattle
(Chittoor). The native breeds of sheep include Nellore sheep (SpSr Nellore, YSr Kadapa,
prakasam, Anantapur), Jodupi sheep (YSr Kadapa) and palla sheep (SpSr Nellore). The
native breeds of goat include Bellari goat (Kurnool and YSr Kadapa).
