TAXONOMY- characters of Nyctaginaceae
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This family plant commonly denoted four 'o' clock plant
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TAXONOMY- characters of Nyctaginaceae
- 1. Vimal priya subramanian 2nd msc botany 18mbo027 PSGR.KRISHNAMMAL Taxonomy Nyctaginaceae
- 2. Characters of Nyctaginaceae: Flowers open in late afternoon; flowers mostly actinomorphic, usually subtended by an involucre of separate or united brightly coloured bracts or sepaloid bracts that are often mistaken for sepals; petaloid perianth, tepals 5; stamens 1- ∝; carpel one.
- 4. COMMON PLANTS OF THE FAMILY Common plants of the family: 1. Mirabilis jalapa – Four O’clock plant H. Gul-e- bas – ornamental plant. 2. Boerhaavia diffusa – Common weed after rainy season, medicinal. 3. Bougainvillea glabra, B. spectabilis ornamental with magneta bract. 4. Oxybaphus – Greek oxybaphus – a saucer. 5. Pisonia aculeata – a large climber, armed with recurved axillary spines.
- 5. Vegetative characters Habit: Herb, shrub or scandent or trees. Root: Tap root, branched. Stem: Herbaceous or woody, erect or even climbing e.g. Bougainvillea. Leaf: Alternate or opposite, simple, those of each pair being often very unequal, exstipulate.
- 6. Pisonia alba
- 7. B. Floral characters Inflorescence: Cymose, biparous with a tendency to monochasial development in the higher branches. Flower: Perfect or diclinous as in Pisonia by suppression of stamens or pistil, hypogynous, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic in Anisomeris usually subtended by an involucre of 3 to 5 separate or united brightly coloured bracts that are often mistaken for sepals. In Mirabilis, each flower is surrounded at the base by an involucre of five sepal-like bracts; in Bougainvillea, there are three involucral bracts each subtending a flower, in Boerhaavia and others, the involucral leaves are reduced to teeth or scales.
- 10. perianth Tepals 4-5, gamophyllous, tubular with wide spreading lobes, often petaloid (infundibuliform) imbricate or twisted, contorted, connate in a funnel shaped or tubular perigone, the base of which persists and enclosing the fruit forming the so called anthrocarp.
- 12. Androecium: Stamens variable 2 to 20, free, usually 5 to 8 or equal to number of petals but there may be fewer or more; filaments of unequal lengths. Gynoecium: One carpel, superior, unilocular with a single basal ovule; style long, simple.
- 14. Fruit: Dry, one-seeded anthocarp (achene surrounded by persistent perianth lobes) indehiscent. Seed: Small, non-endospermic. Pollination: Entomophilous.
- 15. Mirabilis jalapa
- 16. Herbarium of Boerhavia diffusa
- 18. Economic Importance of Nyctaginaceae 1. Medicinal: Boerhaavia diffusa’s root is laxative and also used in asthma, anemia, jaundice. It is an antidote to snake venom, B. repens is diuretic. The roots of Mirabilis jalapa are purgative. The leaves lessen inflammation and are applied to boils. 2. Ornamental: Mirabilis jalapa, Bougainvillea, Abronia. Pisonia aculeata is a hedge plant.
- 19. Affinities of nyctanginaceae The family is closely allied to Polygonaceae. Bentham and Hooker placed it together with Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae. Nyctaginaceae can be distinguished from Polygonaceae by the nature of its fruit enclosed in the persistent base of the perianth.
- 20. Thanking you