Attains a height of 20 m in its natural habitat but only 6 - 12 m in Europe. Very dense branches grow on a trunk that remains slim. The crown is closed and grows to a broad ovoid shape. Young twigs are angular and very hairy, later bare, and they have lenticels. Reddish-brown buds grow on the greyish-brown twigs. The leaves resemble those of Castanea and are matt glossy and dark green. Their shape is variable, usually elongated to lanceolate. The 10 to 20 lateral veins end along the leaf edge in needle-like serrations. The leaves are 10 - 20 cm long and 2.5 - 6 cm wide. The female flowers are unremarkable: the male flowers grow in catkins 10 - 15 cm long. The acorns are half to two-thirds enclosed in a semi-circular cupule covered with narrow scales.