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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

210.0000 Family Zygophyllaceae R.Br.; M. Flinders, Voy. Terra Austral. 2: 545 (1814), nom. cons.
26 genera, ca. 280 spp.
Species listed in database: 282; hybrids: 1
= Agialidaceae Wettst.; Handb. Syst. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 620 (1911)
= Balanitaceae M.Roem.; Fam. Nat. Syn. Monogr. 1: 26 (1846), nom. cons.
= Tribulaceae Trautv.; Estestv. Istor. Gub. Kievsk. Uchebn. Okr. Bot. Sist.: 28 (1853)
210.2003 Genus Balanites Delile; Mem. Egypte 3: 326 [1801-02]
Distribution: N- and tropical Africa, W-Asia eastward to India and Burma
Species listed in database: 8
= Agialid Adans.; Fam. 2: 508 (1763)
= Agiella Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IX. 4: 225, 245 (1906)
species :
Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile; Fl. Egypte, 221. t. 28, f. 1. (1813)
Name: Zachunbaum, Wüstendattel
Distribution: Morocco; Western Sahara; Algeria (incl. Hoggar); Libya (incl. Tibesti); Egypt (Desert Oases, Great Southwestern Desert, Nile Valley, SE-Egypt); Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Niger; Nigeria; N-Cameroon; Central African Republic; E-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; ?Burundi; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; N-Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; Israel (Rift Valley, Judean Desert); Sinai peninsula (S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz); Yemen (SE-Yemen: coastal Hadhramaut, SW-Yemen, Tihama, W-Yemen); Pakistan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Punjab, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Myanmar (Bago, Magway, Mandalay); Vietnam
20 ALG EGY LBY MOR WSA 22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI MTN NGA NGR SEN TOG 23 CAF CMN RWA ZAI 24 CHA DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM 34 ISR SIN 35 SAU YEM 40 IND PAK 41 MYA VIE
Synonyms: hidden
= Agialid abyssinica Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IX. 4: 229 (1906)
= Agialid aegyptiaca (L.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 183 (1891)
= Agialid arabica Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IX. 4: 231 (1906)
= Agialid barteri Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IX. 4: 232 (1906)
= Agialid chevalieri Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 233 (1906)
= Agialid cuneifolia Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 229 (1906)
= Agialid glomerata Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 233 (1906)
= Agialid latifolia Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 230 (1906)
= Agialid membranacea Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 228 (1906)
= Agialid nigra Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 230 (1906)
= Agialid palestinaca Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 231 (1906)
= Agialid roxburghii (Planch.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 1: 103 (1891)
= Agialid schimperi Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 230 (1906)
= Agialid senegalensis Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 232 (1906)
= Agialid tombouctensis Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IX. 4: 233 (1906)
= Balanites aegyptiaca var. indica Voigt; Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 32 (1845)
= Balanites aegyptiaca var. roxburghii (Planch.) Duthie; Fl. Gangetic Plain 1: 145 (1903)
= Balanites arabica (Tiegh.) Blatt.; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 8: 109 (1919)
= Balanites fischeri Mildbr. & Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 157 (1913)
= Balanites indica Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IX. 4: 252 (1906)
= Balanites jacquemontii Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IX. 4: 252 (1906)
= Balanites latifolia (Tiegh.) Chiov.; Fl. Somala 2: 46 (1932)
= Balanites rigida Royle ex B.D.Jacks.; Index Kew. 2: 1257 (1895)
= Balanites roxburghii Planch.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IV. 4: 258. t. 2 (1854)
= Balanites roxburghii var. gracilis Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 44: 139 (1875)
= Balanites suckertii Chiov.; Nuov. Contrib. Fl. Somalia. Ital. (Atti Soc. Nat. e Mat. Modena 66: : 1935) 5(1934)
= Balanites zizyphoides Mildbr. & Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 158 (1913)
= Ximenia aegyptiaca L.; Sp. Pl. 1194 (1753)
= Ximenia agihalid Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIll. n. 2
variant :
var. ferox (Poir.) DC.; Prod. 1: 708 (1824)
Distribution: Mauritania; Senegal; Guinea-Bissau
22 GNB MTN SEN
Synonyms: hidden
= Agialid ferox (Poir.) Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 234 (1906)
= Balanites aegyptiaca var. microphylla Guill. & Perr.; Fl. Seneg. Tent. 104 (1831)
= Balanites ferox (Poir.) G.Don; Gen. Hist. 1: 774 (1831)
= Ximenia ferox Poir.; Encyc. 8: 805 (1809)
variant :
var. pallida Sands; Kew Bull. 38(1): 40 (1983)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia
24 ETH SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Balanites racemosa Chiov.; Fl. Somala, 119 (1929)
variant :
var. quarrei (De Wild.) Gilbert; Fl. Congo Belge 7: 68 (1958)
Distribution: SE-Congo [Brazzaville]; Zambia
23 CON 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Balanites quarrei De Wild.; De Wild. & Staner, Contrib. Fl. Katanga, Suppl. 5: 33 (1933)
variant :
var. tomentosa (Mildbr. & Schltdl.) Sands; Kew Bull. 56: 72 (2001)
Distribution: Tanzania
25 TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Balanites tomentosa Mildbr. & Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 159 (1913)
species :
Balanites angolensis (Welw.) Welw. ex Exell; J. Bot. 65: Suppl. 1, 55 (1927)
subspecies :
subsp. angolensis
Distribution: W-Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Agialid aegyptiaca var. angolensis (Welw.) Hiern
= Agiella angolensis (Welw.) Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 247 (1906)
= Balanites aegyptiaca var. angolensis Welw.
subspecies :
subsp. welwitschii (Tiegh.) Sands; Kew Bull. 56: 89 (2001)
Distribution: Angola; Namibia; Botswana
26 ANG 27 BOT NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Agiella welwitschii Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 9, 4: 248 (1906)
= Balanites welwitschii (Tiegh.) Exell & Mendonça; Carrisso, Consp. Fl. Angol. 1: 283 (1951)
species :
Balanites glabra Mildbr. & Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 163 (1913)
Distribution: SE-Ethiopia; Djibouti; N-Somalia; Kenya; N-Tanzania
24 DJI ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN
species :
Balanites maughamii Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 136, 138 (1913)
subspecies :
subsp. maughamii
Name: Green Thorn, Torch-fruit Tree
Distribution: E-Tanzania; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
25 TAN 26 MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Balanites dawei Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1913: 137, 140 (1913)
subspecies :
subsp. acuta Sands; Kew Bull. 56: 37 (2001)
Distribution: SE-Kenya; NE-Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Balanites pedicellaris Mildbr. & Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 162 (1913)
subspecies :
subsp. pedicellaris
Name: Small Green Thorn
Distribution: Ethiopia; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; S-Malawi; S-Zimbabwe; S-Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal); Eswatini [Swaziland]
24 ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 MLW MOZ ZIM 27 BOT SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Balanites australis Bremek.; Ann. Transvaal Mus. 15: 244 (1933)
= Balanites horrida Mildbr. & Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51: 160 (1913)
subspecies :
subsp. somalensis (Mildbr. & Schltdl.) Sands; Kew Bull. 38(1): 40 (1983)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Balanites somalensis Mildbr. & Schltdl.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 11. 159 (1913)
= Balanites somalensis var. cinereocorticata Fiori; Res. Sci. Somalia Ital. 1: 39 (1916)
species :
Balanites rotundifolia (Tiegh.) Blatt.; Rec. Bot. Surv. India 8: 109 (1919)
Distribution: South Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Djibouti; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Yemen
24 DJI ERI ETH SOM SSU 25 KEN UGA 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Agialid rotundifolia Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IX. 4: 231 (1906)
= Balanites gillettii Cufod.; Senck. Biol. 39: 302 (1958)
= Balanites gillettii var. renifolia Cufod.; Senckenberg. Biol. 39: 303 (1958)
= Balanites orbicularis Sprague; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1908: 57 (1908)
= Balanites patriziana Lusina; Ann. Bot. (Italy) 20(1): 138 (1933)
variant :
var. scillin (Chiov.) Sands; Kew Bull. 56: 97 (2001)
Distribution: Somalia
24 SOM
Synonyms: hidden
= Balanites scillin Chiov.; Fl. Somala, 120 (1929)
variant :
var. setulifera Sands; Kew Bull. 56: 99 (2001)
Distribution: E-Kenya
25 KEN
species :
Balanites triflora Tiegh.; Ann. Sci. Nat. Ser. IX. 4: 253 (1906)
Distribution: Myanmar (Magway, Mandalay)
41 MYA
species :
Balanites wilsoniana Dawe & Sprague; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 37: 506 (1906)
Distribution: Ivory Coast; Ghana; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Uganda
22 BEN GHA IVO NGA 23 CAF CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI 25 UGA
variant :
var. glabripetalus Sands; Kew Bull. 56: 28-29 (2001)
Distribution: S-Nigeria
22 NGA
variant :
var. mayumbensis (Exell) Sands; Kew Bull. 56: 28 (2001)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Balanites mayumbensis Exell; J. Bot. 65: Suppl. 1, 55 (1927)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life