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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

455.0000 Family Apocynaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 143 (1789), nom. cons.
372 genera, ca. 6500 spp. According to modern authors and PCR Asclepiadaceae is only a subfamily of Apocynaceae.
Species listed in database: 6627; hybrids: 9
= Asclepiadaceae Borkh.; Bot. Wörterb. 1: 31 (1797), nom. cons.
= Carissaceae Bertol; Nuevo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 212 (1891)
= Cerberaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 119 (1820)
= Cynanchaceae G.Mey.; Chloris Han.: 245, 251 (1836)
= Ophioxylaceae Mart.; Consp. Regn. Veg.: 24 (1835)
= Pacouriaceae Martinov; Tekhno-Bot. Slovar: 447 (1820)
= Periplocaceae Schltr.; K. Schum. & C. A. G. Lauterb., Nachtr. Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee: 351 (1905), nom. cons.
= Plumeriaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 70 (1834)
= Stapeliaceae Horan.; Prim. Lin. Syst. Nat.: 70 (1834)
= Vincaceae Vest; Anleit. Stud. Bot.: 273, 299 (1818)
= Willughbeaceae J.Agardh; Theoria Syst. Pl.: 256 (1858)
455.6704 Genus Gomphocarpus R.Br.; Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. 1: 37 (preprint) (1810)
Distribution: Tropical and S-Africa. A majority of the species has been transferred back into Asclepias s. str.
Species listed in database: 21
species :
Gomphocarpus abyssinicus Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 557 (1844)
Distribution: ?Guinea; ?Cameroon; Sudan; Ethiopia; Eritrea
24 ERI ETH SUD
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias abyssinica (Hochst.) N.E.Br.; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4: 1. 333 (1903)
= Asclepias euphorbioides A.Chev.; J. Bot. (Morot) 22: 117 (1909)
= Gomphocarpus abyssinicus Hochst.; Flora 27: 101 (1844)
= Gomphocarpus setosus Hochst. ex Oliv.; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 29: 110 (1875), nom. inval.
= Gomphocarpus verticillatus Turcz.; Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21(I): 258 (1848)
species :
Gomphocarpus cancellatus (Burm.f.) Bruyns; Bothalia 25(2): 165 (1995)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); St. Helena [I]; Australia [I] (South Australia [I], Victoria [I])
27 NAM SAF 28 sth 50 aus
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias arborea Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 150 (1796), nom. illeg.
= Asclepias arborescens L.; Mant. Pl. 2: 216 (1771)
= Asclepias cancellata Burm.f.; Fl. Cap. Prod. 7 (1768)
= Asclepias crassifolia L. ex Decne.; Prodr. [A. DC.] 8: 572 (1844)
= Asclepias pubescens L.; Mant. Pl. 2: 215 (1771)
= Asclepias rotundifolia Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 15 (1768)
= Gomphocarpus arborescens (L.) W.T.Aiton; Hortus Kew. 2: 79 (1811)
= Gomphocarpus cancellatus (Burm.f.) Nicholas & P.I.Forst.; Fl. Australia 28: 319 (1996), isonym
species :
Gomphocarpus filiformis (E.Mey.) D.Dietr.; Syn. Pl. 2: 900 (1840)
Distribution: Namibia; South Africa (N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov.)
27 NAM SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias buchenaviana Schinz; Verh. Bot. Vereins Brandenb. 30: 261 (1888)
= Asclepias filiformis (E.Mey.) Kuntze; Jahrb. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 4: 268 (1886), nom. illeg.
= Asclepias flagellaris Bolus ex Schltr.; Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 32 (1894)
= Gomphocarpus filiformis var. buchenavianus (Schinz) N.E.Br.; Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(1): 336 (1902)
= Lagarinthus filiformis E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 203 (1838)
species :
Gomphocarpus fruticosus (L.) W.T.Aiton; Hortus Kew. ed. 2, 2: 80 (1811)
subspecies :
subsp. fruticosus
Name: African milkweed (EN); Baumwoll-Seidenpflanze (DE); Sederomata de la seda (ES)
Distribution: Germany [I]; Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Gibraltar [I]; Baleares [I]; France [I]; Corsica [I]; Sardinia [I]; Italy [I]; Sicily [I]; Croatia [I]; Albania [I]; Greece [I]; Crete [I]; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia; Egypt (Nile Delta, N-Egypt); Azores [I] (Santa Maria Isl. [I], Terceira [I], Sao Jorge [I], Pico [I], Faial [I]); Madeira [I] (Madeira Isl. [I], Porto Santo Isl. [I]); Canary Isl. [I] (Lanzarote [I], Fuerteventura [I], Gran Canaria [I], Tenerife [I], La Gomera [I], Hierro [I], La Palma Isl. [I]); Senegal; Guinea; Togo; Central African Republic; Ethiopia; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Lesotho; Eswatini [Swaziland]; Madagascar; Seychelles [I]; Uzbekistan [I]; Northern Caucasus [I]; Georgia [Caucasus] [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Lesvos [I], Chios [I], Samos [I], Karpathos [I], Rhodos [I]); Turkey (W-Anatolia); Lebanon (C-Lebanon, coastal W-Lebanon); Syria (coastal W-Syria, C-Syrian Desert); Sinai peninsula (N-Sinai, S-Sinai); Saudi Arabia (Hejaz, Asir); Oman (Dhofar); Yemen (Aden Desert, Inner Hadhramaut, N-Inner Yemen, W-Yemen); China [I] (Guangxi [I], Yunnan [I]); India [I] (throughout); Vietnam [I]; Philippines [I]; Java [I]; Australia [I] (Western Australia [I], South Australia [I], Queensland [I], New South Wales [I], Victoria [I]); New Zealand [I]; USA [I] (California [I]); Mexico [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Surinam [I]; Peru [I]; Uruguay [I]; Argentina [I]
11 ger 12 bal cor fra gib por sar spa 13 alb cro grc ita kri sic 20 ALG EGY MOR TUN 21 azo cny mdr 22 GUI SEN TOG 23 CAF 24 ETH 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 BOT LES NAM SAF SWZ 29 MDG sey 32 uzb 33 geo ncs 34 eai LEB SIN SYR TUR 35 OMA SAU YEM 36 chi 40 ind 41 vie 42 jaw phi 50 aus 51 nzl 76 usa 79 mex 82 clm sur ven 83 per 85 arg uru
Synonyms: hidden
= Apocynum salicifolium Medik.; Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 6: 406 (1790)
= Asclepias cornuta (Decne.) Cordem.; Fl. Ile Réunion 482 (1895)
= Asclepias crinita (G.Bertol.) N.E.Br.; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(1): 352 (1902)
= Asclepias fruticosa L.; Sp. Pl. 1: 216 (1753)
= Asclepias glabra Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 12 (1768)
= Asclepias salicifolia Salisb.; Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton 150 (1796), nom. illeg.
= Gomphocarpus arachnoideus E.Fourn.; Bull. Soc. Bot. France 14: 250 (1867)
= Gomphocarpus cornutus Decne.; Ann. Sci. Nat., ser. II. 9: 324 (1838)
= Gomphocarpus crinitus G.Bertol.; Mem. Acad. Sci. Bolog. 3: 253 (1851)
subspecies :
subsp. decipiens (N.E.Br.) Goyder & Nicholas; Kew Bull. 56(4): 785 (2001)
Distribution: South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State); Lesotho
27 LES SAF
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias decipiens N.E.Br.; Harv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Cap. 4(1): 689 (1908)
subspecies :
subsp. flavidus (N.E.Br.) Goyder; Kew Bull. 51: 798 (1996)
Distribution: Sudan; Ethiopia; Djibouti; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya
24 DJI ETH SOM SUD 25 KEN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias flavida N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 255 (1895)
subspecies :
subsp. rostratus (N.E.Br.) Goyder & Nicholas; Kew Bull. 56(4): 786 (2001)
Distribution: Angola; Zambia; Namibia (Caprivi Strip); Botswana
26 ANG ZAM 27 BOT NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias rostrata N.E.Br.; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4: I. 331 (1903)
= Gomphocarpus rostratus (N.E.Br.) Bullock; Kew Bull. 410 (1952)
subspecies :
subsp. setosus (Forssk.) Goyder & Nicholas; Kew Bull. 56(4): 787 (2001)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea; Yemen
24 ERI ETH 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias setosa Forssk.; Fl. Aegypt. Arabia. 51 (1775)
= Gomphocarpus setosus (Forssk.) Schult.; Syst. Veg. 6: 87 (1820)
species :
Gomphocarpus glaucophyllus Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 18: Beibl. n. 45 18 (1894)
Distribution: Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 MLW ZAM ZIM 27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias glaucophylla (Schltr.) Schltr.; J. Bot., 455 (1896)
= Asclepias lilacina Weim.; Bot. Not. 1935: 374 (1935)
species :
Gomphocarpus integer (N.E.Br.) Bullock; Kew Bull. 408 (1952)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Djibouti; Somalia; Kenya; Tanzania
24 DJI ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias integra N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 219 (1895)
= Asclepias litocarpa Chiov.; Miss. Biol. Borana, Racc. Bot., Angiosp.-Gymnosp. 164 (1939)
= Asclepias negrii Chiov.; Ann. Bot., Roma 10: 393 (1912)
species :
Gomphocarpus kaessneri (N.E.Br.) Goyder & Nicholas; Kew Bull. 56(4): 792 (2001)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania; Zambia
25 KEN TAN 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias kaessneri N.E.Br. ex S.Moore; J. Bot., 362 (1903)
species :
Gomphocarpus munonquensis (S.Moore) Goyder & Nicholas; Kew Bull. 56(4): 812 (2001)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias munonquensis S.Moore; J. Bot. 50: 340 (1912)
species :
Gomphocarpus phillipsiae (N.E.Br.) Goyder; Kew Bull. 51: 798 (1996)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Ethiopia; Eritrea; Somalia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania
23 RWA ZAI 24 ERI ETH SOM 25 KEN TAN UGA
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias fruticosa var. angustissima (Engl.) Schltr.; J. Bot. 33: 335 (1895)
= Asclepias philippsiae N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 219 (1895)
= Gomphocarpus fruticosus var. angustissimus Engl.; Hochgebirgsfl. Afrika 341 (1892)
species :
Gomphocarpus physocarpus E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 202 (1838)
Distribution: Portugal [I]; Spain [I]; Greece [I]; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; Central African Republic [I]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; South Sudan; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Angola; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; St. Helena [I]; East Aegaean Isl. [I] (Samos [I]); China (S-Guangdong [I], Hainan [I]); India [I] (widespread); Sri Lanka [I]; Bangladesh [I]; Borneo [I]; Java [I]; Norfolk Isl. [I]; New Caledonia [I]; Cook Isl. [I] (Rarotonga [I], Mangaia [I]); Marquesas Isl. [I] (Nuku Hiva [I], Ua Huka [I], Fatu Hiva [I]); Society Isl. [I] (Tahiti [I], Raiatea [I]); Hawaii [I] (Kauai [I], Oahu [I], Lanai [I], Maui [I], Kahoolawe Isl. [I], Hawaii Isl. [I]); Mexico [I]; El Salvador [I]; Honduras [I]; Nicaragua [I]; Costa Rica [I]; Panama [I]; Cuba [I]; Jamaica [I]; Guadeloupe [I] (incl. La Désirade [I]); Dominica [I]; Colombia [I]; Venezuela [I]; Peru [I]; Bolivia [I]; Brazil [I]
12 por spa 13 grc 22 NGA 23 caf CAF CMN ZAI 24 SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MOZ ZIM 27 BOT SAF SWZ 28 sth 34 eai 36 CHI 40 ban ind srl 42 bor jaw 50 nfk 60 nwc 61 coo mrq sci 63 haw 79 mex 80 cos els hon nic pan 81 cub dom gdl jam 82 clm ven 83 bol per 84 bra
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias brasiliensis (E.Fourn.) Schltr.; Meded. Herb. Leid., No. 29, 12 (1916)
= Asclepias physocarpa (E.Mey.) Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 21: Beibl. 54: 8 (1896)
= Gomphocarpus brasiliensis E.Fourn.; Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(4): 203 (1885)
= Gomphocarpus fruticosus f. brasiliensis (E.Fourn.) Briq.; Kongl. Svenska Vetensk. Acad. Handl., n.s. 34(7): 21 (1900)
species :
Gomphocarpus praticola (S.Moore) Goyder & Nicholas; Kew Bull. 56(4): 815 (2001)
Distribution: S-D.R.Congo [Zaire]; S-Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias friesii Schltr.; Fries, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exped. 1911-12 1: 267 (1916)
= Asclepias katangensis S.Moore; J. Bot. 50: 340 (1912) nom. illeg.
= Asclepias moorei De Wild.; Contr. Fl. Katanga 156 (1921)
= Asclepias praticola S.Moore; J. Bot. 50: 341 (1912)
species :
Gomphocarpus purpurascens A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 38 (1850)
Distribution: Ethiopia; Eritrea
24 ERI ETH
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias albida N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1895: 254 (1895)
= Asclepias pubiseta N.E.Br.; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(1): 329 (1902)
= Gomphocarpus fruticosus var. purpureus Schweinf.; Beitr. Fl. Aethiop.: 129 (1867)
species :
Gomphocarpus rivularis Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: Beibl. n. 51. 36 (1895)
Distribution: South Africa (North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
27 SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias rivularis (Schltr.) Schltr.; J. Bot., 455 (1895)
species :
Gomphocarpus semiamplectens K.Schum.; J. Bot. 17: 128 (1893)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola; Zambia; Namibia
23 ZAI 26 ANG ZAM 27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias semiamplectens (K.Schum.) Hiern; Cat. Welw. Afr. Pl. 1: 684 (1898)
species :
Gomphocarpus semilunatus A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 39 (1850)
Distribution: Nigeria; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia
22 NGA 23 CAF ZAI 24 ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM
Remarks: often included in G. physocarpus but kept separate by Fl. Zambesiaca (2020)
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias denticulata Schltr.; J. Bot. 33: 334 (1895)
= Asclepias semilunata (A.Rich.) N.E.Br.; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4: I. 327 (1903)
species :
Gomphocarpus sinaicus Boiss.; Diagn. ser. 1, 11: 80 (1849)
Distribution: Egypt (NE-Egypt); Israel (Rift Valley, S-Negev Desert); Sinai peninsula (C-Sinai); Jordania (S-Jordania); Saudi Arabia (C-Saudi Arabia, Hejaz, Asir, Nejd Desert); Yemen (N-Inner Yemen)
20 EGY 34 ISR JOR SIN 35 SAU YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias sinaica (Boiss.) Muschl.; Man. Fl. Egypt: 753 (1912)
= Gomphocarpus schimperi C.Presl; Abh. Königl. Böhm. Ges. Wiss., ser. 5, 3: 533 (1845), nom. nud.
species :
Gomphocarpus stenophyllus Oliv.; Trans. Linn. Soc. 29: 110 (1875)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias leucocarpa Schltr.; J. Bot. 33: 335 (1895)
species :
Gomphocarpus stolzianus K.Schum.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 33: 324 (1903)
Distribution: Mozambique
26 MOZ
Remarks: status doubtful
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias stolzianus (K.Schum.) N.E.Br.; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4: I. 617 (1903)
species :
Gomphocarpus swynnertonii (S.Moore) Goyder & Nicholas; Kew Bull. 56(4): 810 (2001)
Distribution: Congo [Brazzaville]; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique
23 CON 25 TAN 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias nyikana Schltr.; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 51(1): 138 (1913)
= Asclepias stolzii Schltr.; in sched.
= Asclepias swynnertonii S.Moore; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 40: 142 (1911)
species :
Gomphocarpus tenuifolius (N.E.Br.) Bull.; Kew Bull. 8(3): 341 (1953)
Distribution: Zimbabwe
26 ZIM
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias rhodesica Weim.; Bot. Notiser, 381 (1935)
= Asclepias tenuifolia N.E.Br.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew (1895) 255 (1895)
species :
Gomphocarpus tomentosus Burch.; Trav. 1: 543 (1822)
subspecies :
subsp. tomentosus
Distribution: Angola; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; Namibia; Botswana; South Africa (Limpopo, North-West Prov., Gauteng, Mpulamanga, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, N-Cape Prov., W-Cape Prov., E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]
26 ANG MOZ ZIM 27 BOT NAM SAF SWZ
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias burchellii Schltr.; J. Bot. 33: 336 (1886)
= Asclepias lanata (E.Mey.) Druce; Rep. Bot. Exch. Cl. Brit. Isles, 605 (1916 publ. 1917)
= Asclepias nutans (Klotzsch) N.E.Br.; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 4(1): 352 (1902)
= Asclepias villosa Mill.; Gard. Dict. ed. VIII. n. 14 (1768), nom. illeg.
= Gomphocarpus fruticosus var. tomentosus (Burch.) K.Schum.; Pflanzenw. Ost-Afrikas C: 322 (1895)
= Gomphocarpus lanatus E.Mey.; Comm. Pl. Afr. Austr. 202 (1838)
= Gomphocarpus nutans Klotzsch; Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6(Bot., 1): 275 (1861)
subspecies :
subsp. frederici (Hiern) Goyder & Nicholas; Kew Bull. 56(4): 809 (2001)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Asclepias frederici Hiern; Cat. Welw. Afr. Pl. 1: 684 (1898)
= Gomphocarpus frederici (Hiern) Bullock; Kew Bull. 408 (1952)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life