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Ver. 19.2
April 17th, 2024

469.0000 Family Acanthaceae Juss.; Gen. Pl.: 102 (1789) (´Acanthi´), nom. cons.
ca. 192 genera, ca. 5500 spp. Phylogeny: Manzitto-Tripp et al. 2022
Species listed in database: 5454
= Avicenniaceae Miq.; Lehm., Pl. Preiss. 1: 353 (1845), nom. cons.
= Justiciaceae Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 60 (1838)
= Mendonciaceae Bremek.; Proc. Kon. Ned. Akad. Wetensch., ser. C, 56: 540 (1954)
= Meyeniaceae Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Nelsoniaceae (Nees) Sreem.; Phytologia 37: 412 (1977)
= Thunbergiaceae Lilja; Skånes Fl., ed. 2: 979 (1870)
469.4791 Genus Phaulopsis Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 342 (1800) (sphalm. Phaylopsis)
Distribution: Tropical Africa, Indian Ocean, 1 to India, SW-China, Indochina
Species listed in database: 22
= Aetheilema R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 478 (1810)
= Antheilema Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 66 (1838), sphalm.
= Micranthus J.C.Wendl.; Bot. Beob.: 38 (1798), nom. rej.
= Theileamea Baill.; Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 821 (1890)
species :
Phaulopsis aequivoca Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 107 (1996)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Zambia
23 ZAI 26 ZAM
species :
Phaulopsis angolana S.Moore; J. Bot. 18: 229 (1880)
Distribution: Gambia; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; Equatorial Guinea; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Chad; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola
22 GAM GHA GUI LBR NGA SIE 23 BIO CAF CMN CON EQG GAB ZAI 24 CHA ETH 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Micranthus angolanus (S.Moore) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 493 (1891)
= Micranthus microphyllus (T.Anderson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 493 (1891)
= Micranthus silvestris Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 17: 107 (1893)
= Phaulopsis microphylla T.Anderson ex C.B.Clarke; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Africa 5: 85 (1900)
= Phaulopsis silvestris (Lindau) Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. Nachtr. I. 305 (1897)
species :
Phaulopsis barteri T.Anderson; J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 27 (1864)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Equatorial Guinea; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Sudan; Zambia
22 BEN BKN GHA GNB GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 CMN EQG GAB ZAI 24 SUD 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Aetheilema longifolium (Sims) Spreng.; Syst. Cur. Post. 236 (1827)
= Micranthus barteri (T.Anderson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 493 (1891)
= Micranthus imbricatus Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 493 (1891)
= Micranthus longifolius (Sims) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 493 (1891)
= Micranthus togoensis Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 8 (1894)
= Phaulopsis longifolia Sims; Bot. Mag. I. 2433 (1823)
variant :
var. pauciglandula Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 97 (1996)
Distribution: Senegal; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Mali; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; South Sudan
22 GHA GUI IVO MLI NGA SEN SIE 23 CMN 24 SSU
species :
Phaulopsis ciliata (Willd.) Hepper; Kew Bull. 28(2): 320 (1973)
Distribution: Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Ghana; Togo; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Bioko Isl. [Fernando Poo]; SW-Chad; South Sudan
22 BEN BKN GAM GHA GNB GUI IVO LBR MLI NGA SEN SIE TOG 23 BIO CMN 24 CHA SSU
Synonyms: hidden
= Origanum ciliatum Willd.; Sp. Pl. 3: 133 (1800)
= Phaulopsis falcisepala C.B.Clarke; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Africa 5: 84 (1900)
species :
Phaulopsis dorsiflora (Retz.) Santapau; Kew Bull. 3: 276 (1948)
Distribution: China (Yunnan); Nepal; Bhutan; India (Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Chhattisgarh, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal); Sri Lanka; Bangladesh; Andaman Isl. (South Andamans, Little Andaman Isl.); Myanmar (Kachin, Mandalay, Yangon); Thailand; Laos; Vietnam; Colombia [I] (Meta [I])
36 CHI 40 BAN BHU IND NEP SRL 41 AND LAO MYA THA VIE 82 clm
Remarks: often included in the African P. imbricata
Synonyms: hidden
= Aetheilema reniforme Nees; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 94 (1832), nom. superfl.
= Micranthus dorsiflorus (Retz.) C.E.C.Fisch.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1932: 63 (1932)
= Micranthus oppositifolia J.C.Wendl.; Bot. Beob.: 39 (1798)
= Phaulopsis longifolia Thomson ex C.B.Clarke; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 5: 84 (1899), nom. illeg.
= Phaulopsis oppositifolius (J.C.Wendl.) Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 305 (1897)
= Phaulopsis parviflora Willd.; Sp. Pl. ed. 4. 3: 342 (1800), nom. superfl.
= Ruellia dorsiflora Retz.; Observ. Bot. 6: 31 (1791)
= Ruellia glomerata Nees; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 94 (1832), nom. inval.
= Ruellia justicioides Wall. ex Nees; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 94 (1832), nom. inval.
= Ruellia reniformis Wall. ex Nees; Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3: 94 (1832), nom. inval.
= Strobilanthes pterocaulis Kurz; J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 42: 93 (1873)
species :
Phaulopsis gediensis Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 152 (1996)
Distribution: Kenya; Tanzania
25 KEN TAN
species :
Phaulopsis grandiflora Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 84 (1996)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Sweet; Hort. Brit. ed. I. 327 (1827)
subspecies :
subsp. imbricata
Distribution: Mauritania; Senegal; Gambia; Guinea-Bissau; Liberia; Mali; Burkina Faso; Ivory Coast; Benin; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; Sudan; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia; Malawi; Zimbabwe; Mozambique; South Africa (Limpopo, Mpulamanga, KwaZulu-Natal, E-Cape Prov.); Eswatini [Swaziland]; La Réunion; Yemen (W-Yemen)
22 BEN BKN GAM GNB IVO LBR MLI MTN NGA SEN 23 BUR CMN CON GAB RWA ZAI 24 CHA ETH SSU SUD 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG MLW MOZ ZAM ZIM 27 SAF SWZ 29 REU 35 YEM
Synonyms: hidden
= Aetheilema anisophyllum (Juss.) E.Mey. ex Nees; Prodr. [A. DC.] 11: 262 (1847), isonym
= Aetheilema anisophyllum (Juss.) R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 478 (1810)
= Aetheilema imbricatum (Forssk.) R.Br.; Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland. 1: 478 (1810)
= Aetheilema imbricatum var. minus Nees; Prodr. [A. DC.] 11: 262 (1847)
= Aetheilema mucronatum Griff.; Not. Pl. Asiat. 4: 137 (1854)
= Aetheilema parviflorum Spreng.; Syst. Veg. ed. 16. 2: 826 (1825)
= Antheilema imbricata (Forssk.) Raf.; Fl. Tellur. 4: 66 (1836)
= Barleria inaequalis Hochst. ex A.Rich.; Tent. Fl. Ethiopia. 2: 149 (1850)
= Blechum anisophyllum Juss.; Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. 9: 270 (1807)
= Micranthus imbricatus (Forssk.) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 493 (1891)
= Phaulopsis imbricata (Forssk.) Cordem.; Fl. Ile Réunion 496 (1895), isonym
= Phaulopsis inaequalis Pic.Serm.; Webbia 7: 339 (1950)
= Phaulopsis longifolia T.Anderson; J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 7: 26 (1863)
= Ruellia biflora Bojer ex Nees; Prodr. [A. DC.] 11: 726 (1847), nom. inval.
= Ruellia brachyopoda Bojer ex Nees; Prodr. [A. DC.] 11: 726 (1847)
= Ruellia cucullata Bojer ex Nees; Prodr. [A. DC.] 11: 726 (1847), nom. inval.
= Ruellia glutinosa Roxb. ex Nees; Prodr. [A. DC.] 11: 261 (1847), nom. inval.
= Ruellia hispidosa Bojer ex Nees; Prodr. [A. DC.] 11: 262 (1847), nom. inval.
= Ruellia imbricata Forssk.; Fl. Aeg.-Arab. 113 (1775)
= Ruellia petiolaris Bojer ex Nees; Prodr. [A. DC.] 11: 262 (1847), nom. inval.
subspecies :
subsp. madagascariensis Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 134 (1996)
Distribution: Madagascar; Comores (Mohéli, Mayotte)
29 COM MDG
subspecies :
subsp. poggei (Lindau) Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 138 (1996)
Distribution: Guinea; Sierra Leone; Liberia; Ghana; Nigeria; Cameroon; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Rwanda; Burundi; Chad; South Sudan; Ethiopia; Uganda; Kenya; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia
22 GHA GUI LBR NGA SIE 23 BUR CAF CMN CON GAB RWA ZAI 24 CHA ETH SSU 25 KEN TAN UGA 26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Micranthus poggei Lindau; Bot. Jarhb. 17: 108 (1893)
= Phaulopsis imbricata subsp. pallidifolia Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 144 (1996)
= Phaulopsis poggei (Lindau) Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. Nachtr. I. 305 (1897)
species :
Phaulopsis johnstonii C.B.Clarke; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Africa 5: 86 (1900)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Tanzania; Angola; Zambia
23 ZAI 25 TAN 26 ANG ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Phaulopsis betonica S.Moore; J. Bot. 47: 295 (1909)
species :
Phaulopsis lankesterioides (Lindau) Lindau; Engl. & Prantl, Pflanzenf. Nachtr. I. 305 (1897)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Micranthus glandulosus Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22: 115 (1895)
= Micranthus lankesterioides Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 20: 9 (1894)
= Phaulopsis glandulosa (Lindau) C.B.Clarke; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Africa 5: 87 (1900)
species :
Phaulopsis latiloba Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 89 (1996)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]
23 ZAI
species :
Phaulopsis lindaviana De Wild.; Ann. Mus. Congo, Ser. IV. 142 (1903)
Distribution: D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Zambia
23 ZAI 26 ZAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Phaulopsis hispida Milne-Redh.; Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1937: 431 (1937)
species :
Phaulopsis marcelinoi Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 82 (1996)
Distribution: Angola
26 ANG
species :
Phaulopsis micrantha (Benth.) C.B.Clarke; Oliv. et al. (eds.), Fl. Trop. Afr. 5: 85 (1899)
Distribution: São Tomé; Annobon Isl.; Gabon; Congo [Brazzaville]; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; Angola
23 ANN CAF CON GAB SAO ZAI 26 ANG
Synonyms: hidden
= Aetheilema micranthum Benth.; Hook. Niger Fl. 480 (1849)
= Micranthus hensii Lindau; Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 22: 114 (1895)
= Micranthus obliquus (T.Anderson) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 493 (1891)
= Phaulopsis obliqua T.Anderson ex S.Moore; J. Bot. 18: 229 (1880)
species :
Phaulopsis pulchella Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 150 (1996)
Distribution: Pemba Isl.; Zanzibar
25 TAN
species :
Phaulopsis rupestris (Nees) Lindau; Engl., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 305 (1897)
Distribution: Madagascar
29 MDG
Synonyms: hidden
= Aetheilema rupestre Nees; Prodr. [A. DC.] 11: 262 (1847)
= Chlamydacanthus rupestris (Nees) Govaerts; World Checklist Seed Plants 3(1): 14 (1999)
= Micranthus rupestris (Nees) Kuntze; Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 403 (1891)
= Theileamea rupestris (Nees) Baill.; Hist. Pl. 10: 432 (1891)
species :
Phaulopsis sangana S.Moore; J. Bot. 49: 295 (1911)
Distribution: Tanzania; Angola; Malawi
25 TAN 26 ANG MLW
Synonyms: hidden
= Phaulopsis major Mildbr.; Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 15: 636 (1941)
species :
Phaulopsis savannicola Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 86 (1996)
Distribution: Mali; Nigeria; Cameroon; Central African Republic; D.R.Congo [Zaire]; SW-Chad; Sudan; South Sudan
22 MLI NGA 23 CAF CMN ZAI 24 CHA SSU SUD
species :
Phaulopsis semiconica P.G.Mey.; Mitt. Bot. Staatssamml. München. 11: 104 (1973)
Distribution: Angola; NW-Namibia
26 ANG 27 NAM
Synonyms: hidden
= Phaulopsis lankesterioides var. longituba Benoist; Bol. Soc. Brot., sér. 2, 24: 11 (1950)
species :
Phaulopsis symmetrica Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 121 (1996)
Distribution: Nigeria; Cameroon
22 NGA 23 CMN
species :
Phaulopsis talbotii S.Moore; Cat. Talbot´s Nigerian Pl. 78 (1913)
Distribution: Guinea; S-Nigeria; Cameroon; SW-Chad; South Sudan
22 GUI NGA 23 CMN 24 CHA SSU
Synonyms: hidden
= Aetheilema glutinosum (G.Don ex Loudon) Steud.; Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 32 (1840), nom. inval.
= Phaulopsis glutinosa G.Don; Loudon, Hort. Brit.: 244 (1830), nom. nud.
species :
Phaulopsis verticillaris (Nees) Mankt.; Symb. Bot. Upsal. 31(2): 154 (1996)
Distribution: Comores (Mayotte, Anjouan, Mohéli, Grande Comore)
29 COM
Synonyms: hidden
= Aetheilema imbricatum var. verticillare Nees; Prodr. [A. DC.] 11: 726 (1847)
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A complete, synonymic checklist of the Higher Plants of the World

Version 19.2 (April 17th, 2024)

Covering 354,696 accepted species,
8,644 hybrids, 47,758 accepted infraspecific taxa and 996,379 synonyms,
in total 1,407,477* names

[*about 25,000 dubious, "unplaced" names and about 4,000 invalid names (Art. 24.3) like "typicus" are deliberately omitted]

With complete, detailed distribution data (countries and regions) and literature references

Arranged in linear phylogenetic sequence reflecting true relationships

Fully searchable and continously updated

With 38,290 pictures of 15,532 species

Assembled through 40 years independently from other databases

In cooperation with Catalogue of Life