Bio Diversity Study - Witzenberg Municipality

WITZENBERG SPATIAL 

DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 

TOWARDS A CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE 

AREA USING BOTANICAL ASSESSMENT 

A BARRIE LOW & USCHI POND 

OCTOBER 2005 

coastal and environmental consultants 

P O Box 370 Rondebosch 7701 

Tel/Fax: 021-685 5445 Cell: 082 579 7040 email: coastec@mweb.co.za 

VAT reg no: 4580173914

WITZENBERG SPATIAL 

DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 

TOWARDS A CONSERVATION PLAN FOR THE 

AREA USING BOTANICAL ASSESSMENT 

A BARRIE LOW & USCHI POND 

OCTOBER 2005

witzenberg sdf: botanical assessment and conservation priorities 

“oom sakkie lekkerwater stop sy pyp en knipoog 

die blomme staan vanjaar weer broekbandhoog 

die knoppiestinkkruid geel daar in die leegte 

hoe blou die sporrie teen jakkalspisbult 

dis weeskindertjies pietsnot geitjievoet en hondebal 

die blomme staan vanjaar weer eenwal-annerwal” 

Charles Fryer 

i 

C O A S T E C coastal and environmental consultants 

botanical specialists ecological analysis environmental management impact assessment


EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 

This botanical assessment serves to inform conservation planning and use of natural 

resources and landscapes within the Witzenberg Spatial Development Framework. It is the 

intention of the Witzenberg Municipality that planning for the WSDF should take place within 

the context of conservation, tourism and agricultural promotion, being balanced with 

demands for housing, provision of infrastructure and economic growth. 

This assessment provides the means to satisfying, at least in part, the following principles, 

which are enshrined within the WSDF 

development should blend with the ecological constraints of the environment 

natural processes should prescribe development 

development in unsuitable environments (areas of high water table, flood plains, and 

steep slopes) should be discouraged 

development should heed the aesthetic properties of landscapes and the 

environment. 

Our approach has been to identify areas of high rarity and conservation importance within 

the WSDF. Although by no means comprehensive, the report identifies the four shale 

valleys in the region as being key priorities. Landscape analysis indicates these valleys (as 

opposed to the adjacent mountains) to have been the most impacted, chiefly by farming and 

related activities, and this had led to massive fragmentation and isolation of natural 

remnants. Rivers and wetlands in particular have suffered through large scale drainage and 

channelisation. Assessment of valley topography also indicates in general that valley 

bottoms and not the slopes are most impacted and this has major implications for the siting 

of conservation areas and ecological corridors. 

Valley vegetation is dominated by Breede Alluvium Fynbos, Breede Shale Renosterveld, 

Ceres Alluvium Fynbos, Ceres Shale Renosterveld and Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos. 

With the exception of KSF, the other types are either Endangered or Rare. In addition BSR, 

CAF and KSF are near-endemic to the area. 

ii 




The valley floras revealed a total of some 800 species, with 60 of these being new records 

for the WSDF. Twenty five are Red Data species, whilst nine are local and 16 regional 

endemics. Floristic analysis further indicated many of the systems studied are endemic 

(localised) to the region and have a high rarity status. In particular, impeded drainage has 

led to the formation of extensive wetland systems which are not only unique to the region 

and consequently rare, but which are also heavily impacted by farming and underconserved. 

We strongly recommend that the Witzenberg Municipality, as the responsible authority in 

the area, provide a lead in conservation endeavour within the WSDF. To this end we have 

provided a corridor conservation plan with 11 action areas, stretching from the 

Kouebokkeveld (3 sites), through the Agter Witzenberg (2), Ceres (2) and northern Breede 

River (4) valleys. Although all of these require fine scale plans, we recommend that the 

Municipality enter into partnerships with local farmers, the Department of Agriculture’s Area 

Wide Planning initiative, Cape Nature and organisations such as the Botanical Society, to 

ensure that a detailed conservation action plan is prepared for the WSDF. 

iii 




CONTENTS 

1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1 

1.1 Witzenberg Spatial Development Framework ......................................................... 1 

1.2 Biodiversity Act (Act 10 of 2004) .............................................................................. 4 

1.3 Conservation approaches in the CFR ...................................................................... 5 

2. AIMS......................................................................................................... 7 

3. TERMS OF REFERENCE AND APPROACH .......................................... 7 

3.1 Study area ................................................................................................................... 7 

3.2 Literature and data review for area........................................................................... 7 

3.3 Aerial photography..................................................................................................... 8 

3.4 Assessment of representative ecosystems............................................................. 8 

3.4.1 Flora and vegetation analysis................................................................... 8 

3.4.2 Specialist workshop................................................................................ 14 

3.5 Analysis of data ........................................................................................................ 14 

3.6 Outputs...................................................................................................................... 15 

4. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS.................................................. 16 

5. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA ......................................................... 17 

5.1 Climate....................................................................................................................... 17 

5.2 Topography............................................................................................................... 17 

5.3 Rivers and wetlands................................................................................................. 20 

5.4 Geology and soils (after Gresse & Theron, 1992, and Visser & Theron, 1973).. 20 

5.4.1 Malmesbury Group................................................................................. 23 

5.4.2 Cape Supergroup ................................................................................... 23 

5.5 Plantlife...................................................................................................................... 25 

iv 




6. FINDINGS............................................................................................... 27 

6.1 Vegetation ................................................................................................................. 27 

6.1.1 Original and remnant vegetation ............................................................ 27 

6.1.2 Plant communities .................................................................................. 35 

6.1.3 Fragmentation of vegetation................................................................... 41 

6.1.4 Valley slopes and flats............................................................................ 41 

6.2 Flora ........................................................................................................................... 47 

6.3 Ecological importance ............................................................................................. 58 

6.4 Conservation............................................................................................................. 62 

6.4.1 Vegetation types..................................................................................... 62 

6.4.2 Attitudes of farmers ................................................................................ 73 

6.4.3 Expert mapping workshop...................................................................... 74 

7.1 Agricultural transformation..................................................................................... 76 

7.2 Wetlands and rivers ................................................................................................. 78 

7.3 Fire ............................................................................................................................. 79 

7.4 Alien vegetation........................................................................................................ 80 

7.5 Erosion ...................................................................................................................... 80 

8. RECOMMENDATIONS........................................................................... 81 

8.1 Conservation planning............................................................................................. 81 

8.1.1 Priority sites............................................................................................ 81 

8.1.2 Corridor plan........................................................................................... 86 

8.1.3 Decision-making layer ............................................................................ 86 

8.2 Aerial photography................................................................................................... 89 

8.3 New developments ................................................................................................... 89 

9. CONCLUSIONS ..................................................................................... 90 

10. REFERENCES ................................................................................... 91 

11. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................. 94 

v 




FIGURES 

Figure 1. Witzenberg SDF: location and boundary 

Figure 2. Witzenberg SDF: location of sites 

Figure 3. Witzenberg SDF: rainfall 

Figure 4. Witzenberg SDF: topography 

Figure 5. Witzenberg SDF: rivers and wetlands 

Figure 6. Witzenberg SDF: geology 

Figure 7. Witzenberg SDF: simplified original montane and valley vegetation 

Figure 8. Witzenberg SDF: original and remnant natural vegetation 

Figure 9. Witzenberg SDF: Shale Fynbos vegetation 

Figure 10. Witzenberg SDF: Alluvium Fynbos vegetation 

Figure 11. Witzenberg SDF: Shale Renosterveld vegetation 

Figure 12. Witzenberg SDF: cross sections of the four valleys in the study area 

Figure 13. Witzenberg SDF: illustrations of valley transects 

Figure 14a. MDS analysis of terrestrial vegetation in the Witzenberg SDF – sites 

Figure 14b. MDS analysis of terrestrial vegetation in the Witzenberg SDF – substrate 

Figure 14c. MDS analysis of terrestrial vegetation in the Witzenberg SDF – valleys 

Figure 15a. MDS analysis of wetland vegetation in the Witzenberg SDF – sites 

Figure 15b. MDS analysis of wetland vegetation in the Witzenberg SDF –substrate 

Figure 15c. MDS analysis of wetland vegetation in the Witzenberg SDF – valleys 

Figure 16. Witzenberg SDF: separation of valleys into flats and slopes 

Figure 17. Witzenberg SDF : dryland flora 

Figure 18. Witzenberg SDF: wetland and related flora 

Figure 19. Witzenberg SDF: analysis of local floras – terrestrial 

Figure 20. Witzenberg SDF. analysis of regional floras – terrestrial 

Figure 21. Witzenberg SDF. analysis of regional floras – wetland 

Figure 22. Witzenberg SDF: ecological importance in the Cape Floristic Region 

Figure 23. Conservation status of sandstone fynbos vegetation types in the Cape 

Floristic Region and Witzenberg SDF 

Figure 24. Conservation status of shale band vegetation types in the Cape Floristic 

Region and Witzenberg SDF 

Figure 25. Conservation status of alluvial fynbos vegetation types in the Cape Floristic 


Figure 26. Conservation status of shale fynbos vegetation types in the Cape Floristic 


vi 




FIGURES (contd.) 

Figure 27. Conservation status of shale renosterveld vegetation types in the Cape 

Floristic Region and Witzenberg SDF 

Figure 28. Witzenberg SDF: impacts 

Figure 29. Witzenberg SDF: priority areas for conservation planning 

Figure 30a. Witzenberg SDF: proposed conceptual corridor network 

Figure 30b. Witzenberg SDF: proposed corridor network for the Kouebokkeveld Valley. 

TABLES 

Table 1. 

Table 2. 

Table 3. 

Table 4. 

Table 5. 

Table 6. 

Description of study sites 

Extent of original and remnant vegetation in the CFR and Witzenberg SDF 

Extent of fragmentation in vegetation of the Witzenberg SDF 

Separation of valleys into flats and slope zones: vegetation 

Separation of valleys into flats and slope zones: fragmentation 

Protection status of vegetation types in the CFR and Witzenberg SDF 

APPENDICES 

Appendix 1. Vegetation plot data for the Witzenberg SDF 

Appendix 2. Flora list – composite terrestrial 

Appendix 3. Flora list – composite wetland 

Appendix 4. Flora lists – individual sites 

Appendix 5. Expert mapping workshop. 

vii 




1. INTRODUCTION 

This botanical assessment serves to inform conservation planning and use of natural 

resources and landscapes within the Witzenberg Spatial Development Framework. As such 

it is guided, among other, by two important documents: the Witzenberg Spatial 

Development Framework and the National Biodiversity Act, with several conservation 

studies in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) serving as an additional guide to our approach. 

1.1 Witzenberg Spatial Development Framework 

A Spatial Development Framework (SDF) has been prepared for the Witzenberg 

Municipality (Lombaard, 2005) (see location in Figure 1) and is influenced by provisions in 

the Local Government: Municipal Services Act (Act 32 of 2000) where Municipalities need 

to consider the interrelationships of the natural environment and human well-being. 

Planning for the Witzenberg SDF (WSDF) ….”takes place in the context of conservation, 

tourism and agricultural promotion”, but is balanced with demands for housing, provision of 

infrastructure and economic growth. Where the natural environment is concerned, the 

following planning principles are applicable to spatial planning within the WSDF: 

development should blend with the ecological constraints of the environment 

natural processes should prescribe development 

development in unsuitable environments (areas of high water table, flood plains, and 

steep slopes) should be discouraged 

development should heed the aesthetic properties of landscapes and the 

environment. 

Likewise the following spatial principles, among other, should be entertained when the 

environment is considered; 

planning for sustainability (social equity, environmental protection, economic 

efficiency) 

containing urban sprawl 

the establishment of open space networks in all new developments 

the protection and enhancement of environmental resources and avoidance of 

floodplains, unstable soils and slopes. 




Insert Figure 1 

2 




A number of planning issues are relevant to the natural environment within the WSDF. 

These include: 

the optimal and sustained use of natural resources 

the employment of bioregional principles 

the proclamation of conservation areas and determination of relevant policies and 

guidelines 

the conservation of ground and surface water resources 

the preservation of agricultural resources 

the establishment of public-private sector partnerships in the management and 

marketing of conservation areas and preparation of environmental management 

plans and rural development guidelines for such areas. 

With the above in mind, planning focus for the WSDF should include conservation, open 

space networks and agriculture. 

“The Witzenberg Municipality recognises the importance of the ecosystem as a balance of 

man-made and natural resources”….and this …”should take cognisance of existing major 

land uses i.e. agriculture, forestry and conservation….”..Further the Municipality should 

strive towards (implementing) the principles of the National Environmental Management Act 

(Act 107 of 1998). Included in the Act is the statement that development should be socially, 

environmentally and economically sustainable in as much as the following factors, among 

other, should be considered: 

that the disturbance of ecosystems and loss of biodiversity is avoided 

that pollution and degradation of the environment is avoided, or minimised and 

remedied 

that the disturbance of landscapes and sites that constitute the nation’s cultural 

heritage is avoided, or minimised and remedied 

that the use and exploitation of non-renewable resources is responsible and 

equitable 

that the development, use and exploitation of renewable resources and the 

ecosystems of which they are a part do not exceed the level beyond which their 

integrity is jeopardised 

sensitive, vulnerable and highly dynamic ecosystems, including wetlands should 

require specific attention in management and planning. 

3 




National legislation places heavy focus upon the treatment of mountainous and related 

areas, to the virtual exclusion of the intervening valleys and flats (sensu Lombaard, 2005) 

and this is taken up below. The following key principles which are applicable to 

mountainous areas should be equally applicable to all natural areas regardless of 

topography. These include: 

ensuring the continuous functioning of the ecosystems and to maintain species 

diversity through habitat protection 

avoiding inappropriate development on mountains hills and ridges 

promoting environmentally sensitive development 

preserving landform features. 

Key guidelines for development are also provided (Lombaard, 2005) (for the purposes of 

this report, development is any activity including residential, industrial and agricultural): 

no development may occur in otherwise undeveloped catchments for surface water 

resources 

no development other than tourist facilities within a 1:50 year floodline or, in the 

absence of the latter, within 150 m of any watercourse identifiable as a seasonal 

stream or river. 

The critical role of mountains, catchments and rivers is strongly promoted in the WSDF 

(Lombaard, 2005). There is also an acknowledgement that agricultural activities should be 

sustainable and that such activity should be subject to landuse and environmental 

conservation principles applicable within the Western Cape. 

The unique landscapes of the Agter Witzenberg, Kouebokkeveld and Breede River Valley – 

themselves comprising special ecosystems – are also acknowledged in Lombaard (2005) 

but, along with the numerous scenic routes in the area, need appropriate conservation. 

1.2 Biodiversity Act (Act 10 of 2004) 

This Act was promulgated ……’’To provide for the management and conservation of South 

Africa’s biodiversity..…the protection of species and ecosystems that warrant natural 

protection; the sustainable use of indigenous biological resources....’’. A key element of the 

Act is the establishment of a national list of ecosystems which are threatened and in need of 

protection. 

4 




These include: 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

critically endangered ecosystems which have undergone severe degradation by 

human activity and which are at high risk to irreversible transformation 

endangered ecosystems which have undergone degradation as a result of human 

activity but are not critically endangered 

vulnerable ecosystems that have a high risk of undergoing significant degradation by 

human activity but are neither critically endangered or endangered, and 

a fourth category, that of protected ecosystems which are ecosystems of high 

conservation value or high national or provincial importance, but are not listed under 

(i) to (iii) above. Linked with the above is the gazetting of processes which might 

threaten a listed ecosystem. 

Areas not covered under the above are included to some extent under the preparation of 

biodiversity management plans, where an ecosystem is not listed but does warrant special 

conservation attention. Species which are critically threatened, endangered or vulnerable, 

or which are of high conservation value or national importance, may also be listed. Again 

activities which might negatively impact on a threatened species may be listed by Gazette. 

1.3 Conservation approaches in the CFR 

One of the first regional conservation studies in the CFR was the work of Jarman (1986) 

which provided a semi-detailed conservation priority assessment of the lowlands of the 

Western and Southern Cape. Although understandably lacking the technology and 

sophistication of more recent day conservation planning, this study nevertheless has been 

the only holistic study of the lowlands to date and presented an effective approach to 

defining priority areas in a highly impacted area, concentrating on vegetation and species 

rarity, habitat diversity, plant species richness, remnant size, shape, alien vegetation, and 

proximity of remnants to each other. The relevance of the Jarman report is that many of the 

impacts and threats facing lowland systems are mirrored in the valleys of our present study. 

Although no single conservation approach can accommodate the competing needs of users 

and biodiversity conservation per se, more recent conservation planning has in the last 5 to 

10 years adopted a more objective approach a) due to greater availability of ecosystem 

knowledge (both composition and spatial) and b) better technology to analyse such 

information. Cowling et al.’s (1999) seminal CAPE study led to a fairly holistic study of 

conservation priorities in the CFR, with targets being set for individual vegetation types 

5 




(broad habitat units). However, the scale of studies such as this is too small for detailed 

conservation planning, whereas the conservation framework for the Agulhas Plain (Cole et 

al., 2000) addresses conservation and biodiversity issues at a much more effective and 

implementable scale of 1:10 000. The Cape lowlands renosterveld plan, although providing 

new and very necessary data on e.g. transformed landscapes (Von Hase et al., 2003), 

lacked sufficient detail to be meaningful at a fine scale (most of the information was 

obtained at 1:250 000 or broader scale), but did, however, provide broad conservation goals 

for the region as a whole. 

In addition and unlike the Cape lowlands study, which by and large ignored wetlands, the 

Agulhas Plain project was instrumental in providing a breakdown of ecosystem categories, 

including wetlands, which are often lumped together with adjacent terrestrial systems. An 

understanding of ecosystem variability is crucial to conservation planning, with the Cape 

lowlands study which focussed on renosterveld (Von Hase et al., 2003) providing no such 

analysis, and even the Agulhas conservation plan (Cole et al., 2000) as well as the 

biodiversity study of the Cape Peninsula (Cowling et al., 1996) treating renosterveld as one 

broad category. Various studies have indicated strong differences across relatively short 

distances (e.g. Low, 2000; Low & Pond, 2005) a feature commonly encountered in the 

Cape flora (Cowling et al., 1992), and this is an approach we have vigorously followed. 

Although the study reported here is not a comprehensive conservation plan for the WSDF, it 

nevertheless does recognise the major differences in vegetation type over sometimes small 

areas and unlike the conservation plans mentioned above, for the first time provides an 

objective analysis of ecosystems in the CFR using flora as a surrogate for habitat. As 

detailed elsewhere, this approach is crucial in defining habitat uniqueness and rarity, 

features absolutely crucial to prioritising conservation-worthiness of sites. 

6 




2. AIMS 

The chief aim of this study was to locate areas of high ecological value and conservation 

importance within the WSDF. This would be achieved through accurate botanical and 

ecological assessment in the region, both on a local as well as regional scale, so as to 

provide a meaningful context for the WSDF. From this, to make key recommendations for 

the conservation of such areas as well as a change in approach to natural ecosystem use 

by the various landowners. 

3. TERMS OF REFERENCE AND APPROACH 

As with most projects of this nature, a limitation of funding meant having to assess priorities 

in the beginning stages. Not only is landuse in the region focused on the valleys, but the 

conservation status of mountainous areas is also far greater. In consultation with the 

Witzenberg Municipality, we thus decided to concentrate on the valleys of the region, but to 

provide a context which also included the mountains. The relevance of this approach 

becomes quite clear below. 

3.1 Study area 

Focus in the general study area was on the four major valleys within area. These are the 

Kouebokkeveld, Agter Witzenberg, Ceres and Upper Breede River (Figure 1). 

3.2 Literature and data review for area 

Key references and legislation relevant to the area and the broader Cape Floristic Region 

(CFR) were reviewed and provided a context for the study. 

Various data layers were obtained and assessed for the study. These included the new 

vegetation map of South Africa (Mucina et al., 2005), spatial biodiversity coverage for the 

Western Cape (Rouget et al., 2004) and several of the CAPE layers (Cowling et al., 1999). 

7 




3.3 Aerial photography 

Aerial photography for the area is incomplete (personal interrogation of available 

photography from the Department of Water Affairs & Forestry) and this aspect is included 

as a key recommendation at the end of the report. Needless to say, high resolution aerial 

geo-referenced digital photography of at least 1:10 000 scale (mapping at 1:4000 scale) is 

essential for fine-scale conservation planning, both for establishing the nature and extent of 

natural remnants as well as for determining corridor linkages. However, earlier remnant 

information (Cowling et al., 1999) was used for location of natural remnant vegetation and in 

so-doing provided the basis for corridor planning. It must be stressed that the remnant layer 

was based upon satellite imagery and is outdated and often inaccurate in places. 

3.4 Assessment of representative ecosystems 

3.4.1 Flora and vegetation analysis 

Linked with the focus on valleys, key natural ecosystems were selected for assessment. 

Choice of site within the study area was based upon a selection of natural remnants which 

reflected diversity in the various landscapes in the study area, different vegetation types 

according to Mucina et al. (2005) (Mucina & Rutherford, in prep., at the commencement of 

the study), quality of veld and obvious (visual) differences in habitat features. Such 

assessment included remnants for ecological importance based primarily upon the 

presence of rare habitats, with local floras acting as a surrogate for habitat. We have 

adopted the stance that habitat rarity is not necessarily predicated by the presence of rare 

and endemic species, an approach favoured by a number of studies, e.g. Von Hase et al. 

(2003). The mere presence of rare and endemic species does not enable an objective 

assessment of habitat distinctiveness and rarity, although this data is useful as an 

adjunctive to qualifying habitat rarity. 

Selected local floras of the WSDF were sampled in the spring of 2003 and 2004. Location 

of sites is shown in Figure 2, with details appearing in Table 1. 

8 





9 




Table 1. Description of study sites (Site locations appear in Figure 2) 

SITE 

VEG 

TYPE 1 

WITZENBERG 

SUB-REGION 

1 CeAlF Kouebokkeveld 

Valley 

2A&B KbShF Kouebokkeveld 

Valley 


Valley 

FARM/ 

LOCATION 

Waboomsrivier 

CONTACT TELEPHONE ADDRESS 

Izaak Smit 

(manager) 

Waboomsrivier “ “ “ 

Waboomsrivier 

(wetland) 

023-3171893 Posbus 236, Ceres, 6835 

“ “ “ 

4A&B CeShR Ceres Valley Leeufontein Erik Conradie 023-3121583 Posbus 93, Ceres, 6835 

5 CeShR Ceres Valley Rhodona Lood & Anita 

Prins 

6A-C KbShF Ceres Valley Gydo Pass - - - 

7A&B KbShF Kouebokkeveld 

Valley 

8A-F CeAlF Kouebokkeveld 

Valley 

9A&B KbShF Agter Witzenberg 

Valley 


Valley 

Rietfontein 

Schoongezicht 

Opdrag 

Slagboom 

(wetland) 

Theron 

Hanekom 

(manager) 

Izak van der 

Merwe 

Robert & Eppie 

Zulch 

023-3121684 Posbus 20, Ceres, 6835 

023-3170820 Posbus 17, Kouebokkeveld, 

6836 

023-3170037 

084 700 4087 

Izaak Hanekom 023-3133685 

023-3133226 Posbus 410, Ceres, 6835 

082 8705500 

Posbus 142, Ceres, 6835 

10 




Table 1 (contd.) 


Valley 

12 BrShF Breede River 

Valley 


Valley 

14 BrAlF Breede River 

Valley 


Valley 


Valley 


Valley 


Valley 

Wakkerstroom 

Robert & Eppie 

Zulch 

023-3133685 Posbus 410, Ceres, 6835 

Sterkstroom Dafnie van Zyl 023-2300790 Posbus 42, Tulbagh, 6820 

De Heuwel - - - 

Wysersdrif 

(wetland) 

Theo Griessel 023-3443622 Posbus 8, Goudinieweg, 6856 

Wysersdrif “ “ “ 

Base - Waaihoek 

Greg Moseley 

(UCT Mountain 

Club) 

Witelsboom Jan Botha 023-3551693 

Helpmekaar 

Mr W J Gibson 

(owner) 

(Sterkwater, 

Agter 

Witzenberg); 

Ernie 

Engelbrecht 

(manager) 

082-8354727 

023-3133596/ 

083-9426957 

Posbus 93, Breerivier, 6858 

P O Box 103, Prince Alfred 

Hamlet, 6840 

11 





19A-C CeShR* Kouebokkeveld 

Valley 

20 KbShF Agter Witzenberg 

Valley 


Valley 


Valley 


Valley 


Valley 


Valley 

Heldersig Ernst Gous 023-3170834 P O Box 245, Op de Berg, 

Kouebokkeveld 6836 

Dennekruin Pieter Graaf 

Bokrivier 

Jannie & Anna 

Hanekom 

Wysersdrif (river) Theo Griessel – 

see above 

Northern part of 

Wysersdrif 

26 CeShR Ceres Valley Skaaprivier 

(Kaffirskraal) 

Groenvlei G le Roux 

023-3131469 

(tel.)/023- 

3131159 (fax) 

Klein Begin Nick Coetzee 023- 

3033297(h)/023- 

3133879 (w) 

27 CeShR Ceres Valley Kweperfontein Deon 

Bredenham 


Valley 

Wadrif wetland 

Petrus Kotze 023-3122081 

Carin van der 

Merwe 

023-3170717 

rozendalfontein@hotmail.com 

12 






Valley 


Valley 


valley 

Houdenbeks 

River wetland 

Romansrivier 

De Breederivier 

32 CeAlF Ceres Valley Prince Alfred 

Hamlet 

commonage 


Valley 


Valley 

Delta Farms 

Vredelus Farm 

Naas van der 

Merwe 

Bruno & Erika 

Suter 

Witz Munic. 

Okkie 

Griebenaau 

Charl & Roelien 

Du Toit 

023-316 1198 P O Box 415, Ceres, 6835 

023-355 1822 P O Box 38, Breerivier, 6858 

023-230 0088 

082-732 6122 

1 

after Mucina et al. (2005) 

* not recorded as renosterveld in Mucina et al. (2005), but assumed to be this type 

BrAlF – Breede Alluvium Fynbos; BrShF – Breede Shale Fynbos; CeAlF – Ceres Alluvium Fynbos; CeShR – Ceres Shale Renosterveld; 

KbShF – Kouebokkeveld Fynbos 

13 




An ecological context for each site was determined through two methods: 

(i) 

intensive plant species sampling 

At each site, all plant species observed were either identified in the field or flowering 

specimens were pressed and processed for submission to the South African National 

Biodiversity Institute at Kirstenbosch. 

(ii) 

collection of vegetation plot data 

Plots ranging in size from 1m x 1 m to 5m x 5m were subjectively placed in climax 

(mature) homogeneous plant communities representative of the vegetation at each 

site. All perennial species and their cover-abundance were recorded using the Braun 

Blanquet scale. 

Both species and vegetation data were then used in an analysis to establish the 

distinctiveness of both terrestrial and wetland ecosystems within the study area and, linked 

with national conservation targets, through this to provide an indication of conservation 

worthiness and priority. 

3.4.2 Specialist workshop 

Additional information was obtained from a workshop involving several ecological 

specialists (see Appendix 5.). Held in November 2004, various specialists annotated 

1:50 000 topographical maps for the area and provided additional information on species 

distributions and rarity for the area. This information has been used in the analysis for 

determining conservation priorities in the region. 

3.5 Analysis of data 

All species and plot data were input into the SaSFlora site and species database (SaSFlora, 

1998-2005). SaSFlora was used to generate site and species matrices for similarity 

analysis, both at a local as well as regional level. Likewise plant community analysis was 

undertaken in SaSFlora. The method of Clarke & Warwick (1994) for testing ecological 

relationships amongst samples (in our case, local and regional floras, and local plant 

communities), was employed. Local floras were used as surrogates for testing the 

14 




distinctiveness of habitats, an approach successfully used elsewhere in the CFR (Low, 

2000; Low & Pond, 2001 a & b; Low & Pond, 2002; Low & Pond, 2003; Low, 2004 a & b; 

Low & Pond, 2005). Data were analysed using cluster and MDS analysis in the PRIMER 

statistical package of Clarke & Warwick (1994). 

Classification and general interpretation of vegetation and landscape data was undertaken 

using ArcView v3.2 and ArcGIS v8. Both these packages were used to generate annotated 

vegetation layers for the Figures employed in the text. 

3.6 Outputs 

Key outputs from the study were the following: 

(i) 

(ii) 

(iii) 

(iv) 

Environmental layers including original natural vegetation of the region, location of 

natural remnants, geology, priority areas for conservation 

Report detailing botanical and ecological assessment of the WSDF region, together 

with recommendations for conservation and key ecological principles essential for 

guiding development 

ArcView data and GIS layers for integration into future planning in the region 

This report is intended to support and enhance the environmental principles and 

approaches laid out in the WSDF (Lombaard, 2005). 

15 




4. ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS 

Arenaceous 

BrAlF 

BrShF 

CAPE 

CeAlF 

CeShR 

CFR 

E 

EI 

FI 

Fynbos 

GIS 

I 

ISEP 

KbShF 

LT 

MDS 

My 

Orographic 

Pelitic 

Renosterveld 

SaSFlora 

SANBI 

SDF 

Speciation 

Taxa 

V 

coarse-grained sediments 

Breede Alluvium Fynbos 

Breede Shale Fynbos 

Cape Action for People and the Environment 

Ceres Alluvium Fynbos 

Ceres Shale Renosterveld 

Cape Floristic Region – the region in which the Cape flora is found 

Endangered 

Ecological importance 

Fragmentation Index 

the vegetation of the CFR occurring on infertile soils – chiefly 

sandstones and sands, but also more fertile soils where high levels of 

moisture reduce nutrient availability 

Geographic Information System 

Irreplaceability 

Information System of Endangered Plants 

Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos 

Least Threatened 

multi-dimensional scaling (analysis) 

Million years 

of mountains 

fine-grained sediments 

the vegetation of fertile shale soils and alluvial clays, 

under moderate moisture status 

Site and species database for the Cape & Karoo floras 

South African National Biodiversity Institute 

Spatial Development Framework 

the evolution of species 

different species and infra species occurring in an area 

Vulnerable 

WSDF ` Witzenberg Spatial Development Framework 

16 




5. DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA 

The WSDF area falls within the western part of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR). It covers 

the major mountain ranges of the southern Cedarberg, Kouebokkeveld, Groot Winterhoek, 

Skurweberg (north and south), Gydoberg and the northern part of the Hex River range. 

Marked folding in these mountains (Deacon, 1983) has led to the creation of four distinct 

valleys - the Kouebokkeveld, Ceres, Agter Witzenberg and northern Breede River (Tulbagh 

to Rawsonville) Valleys. Because of their uniqueness and susceptibility to development, 

particularly agriculture, these systems will form the focus of this report. 

5.1 Climate 

The area falls under the Mediterranean climate of the Western Cape, with cool, wet winters 

and warm, dry summers. Rainfall shows two important trends. The first is increase in 

precipitation from north (Kouebokkeveld) to south (Hex River Mountains) (Figure 3). 

Secondly, valleys experience appreciably lower amounts of rainfall, with the abutting 

mountains with their high elevation (Figure 3) providing greater levels of orographic rain. 

This has implications for crops and the need to divert water from the mountains to the 

valleys, and this is discussed later on in the report. Valleys also tend to be more moist on 

their western margins, becoming progressively drier in the east. This trend is most 

apparent in the Kouebokkeveld with fynbos in the west and renosterveld in the east of the 

northern part of the Valley. 

5.2 Topography 

Figure 4 shows the topography for the Witzenberg SDF. The valleys are clearly defined as 

being somewhat lower than the surrounding mountains, and the valley floors being flat to 

gently undulating. The northern Breede River Valley lies below the other three valleys, with 

the Ceres Valley intermediate in altitude. Topography varies from approximately 750 to 

1900 m asl in the Kouebokkeveld, 900 to 1850 m in the Agter Witzenberg, 450 to 2000 m in 

the Ceres Valley, and 250 to 2100 m in the Upper Breede River Valley. Taller peaks 

include Drie Koppe (1781 m asl) and Tafelberg (1910 m) (Kouebokkeveld), 

17 





18 





19 




Waboomsberg (1694 m) and Milner Peak (1995 m) (Ceres Valley), Eureka Peak (1987 m) 

and Hansiesberg (1843 m) (Agter Witzenberg), and Groot Winterhoek (2078 m), Bailey’s 

Peak (1516 m) and Mostertshoek Twins (2030 m) (Upper Breede River Valley). The 

alternating mountain ridges and valleys are primarily a result of folding, with the study area 

sitting on the western axis of the Cape Fold Belt. Most of this folding was caused by 

massive faulting associated with the separation of South America from Africa between 135 

and 139 my ago (Tankard et al., 1982). A classic example of this is the Worcester Fault 

which runs from Nuwekloof Pass, southwards to Robertson and further east (Gresse & 

Theron, 1992). Faulting is also evident in the Kouebokkeveld, Agterwitzenberg and the 

Ceres Valley. 

5.3 Rivers and wetlands 

Major rivers in the area are the upper Olifants, Leeu (upper Groot), upper Riet, and upper 

Breede, with the region serving as a major catchment for the Olifants-Doring and Breede 

River complexes. The four valleys act as drainage basins for several rivers in the area and 

as such provide conditions conducive to larger wetlands which include the upper Leeurivier 

(Kouebokkeveld Valley), Slagboom (Agter Witzenberg Valley) and Kluitjieskraal (northern 

Breede River Valley) complexes. All have been degraded to some degree and even 

completely destroyed, chiefly by agriculture. The lack of any major wetland system within 

the Ceres Valley is probably testimony of this. River and wetland systems are indicated in 

Figure 5. 

5.4 Geology and soils (after Gresse & Theron, 1992, and Visser & Theron, 

1973) 

The geology of the area is summarised in Figure 6 and is presented here in order of 

decreasing age. The SDF covers the 1:250 000 sheets for Worcester (Gresse & Theron, 

1992) and Clanwilliam (Visser & Theron, 1973) and these sources are used to discuss the 

dominant, most visible formations here. 

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21 





22 




5.4.1 Malmesbury Group 

This is the oldest geological formation in the region and comprises chiefly phyllitic shales 

and fine- to medium-grained greywacke. In the WSDF region the formation is confined to 

the Tulbagh area, where it occupies the base of the valley (Figure 6). 

5.4.2 Cape Supergroup 

The Cape Supergroup dominates the geology of the region, giving the SDF its mountainous 

nature. 

Table Mountain Group 

Peninsula Formation 

This formation comprises chiefly coarse-grained quartzitic sandstone and occurs throughout 

the higher lying ground in the SDF. 

Cedarberg Formation 

Commonly known as the “shale band”, this formation is wedged between the Peninsula and 

Goudini Formations. By contrast, it is dominated by finer-grained material, mainly siltstones 

and mudstones, overlain by dark grey sandstone. The formation is fossiliferous, with 

trilobites and brachiopods of the Ordovician Age, some 450 my ago. 

Nardouw Subgroup 

This comprises a number of formations, mainly the Goudini and Skurweberg. Quartzitic 

sandstone dominates the landscape, with soils similar in texture and fertility to those of the 

Peninsula Formation. The Rietvlei Formation, which represents the transition from the 

Table Mountain to Bokkeveld Groups, also comprises quartzitic sandstone but contains 

some shale as well. 

23 




Bokkeveld Group 

This group dominates and provides the landscape character for the bottoms of three of the 

valleys in the WSDF. The Group is characterised by five arenite (coarse-textured) 

formations alternating with six pelitic (fine-textured) formations. Pelitic formations include 

the Gydo, which forms the base of the Bokkeveld Group, and are dominated by shales, 

mudstones and siltstones. 

Witteberg Group 

The Witteberg Group is the youngest in the Cape Supergroup suite and generally forms a 

hard capping which protects the underlying Bokkeveld shales from being eroded and 

removed from the landscape. The Group is predominantly arenaceous and comprises 

seven formations. As with the Bokkeveld, Formations alternate between shales and 

mudstones (e.g. Wagen Drift) and quartzitic sandstone (e.g. Blinkberg). Both Formations 

are prominent in the Gydoberg and Waboomsberg, north of the Ceres Valley (sensu Gresse 

& Theron, 1992). Apart from the Swartruggens Formation (siltstone and mudstone, 

alternating with medium-grained sandstone), the other two formations, including the 

topographically most prominent Witpoort Formation - are less well-represented in the area. 

Both the Malmesbury Group and Cape Supergroup have been intensively folded (Gresse & 

Theron, 1992) and this has been dealt with under Topography above. 

Shale soils are typically clayey and fertile, and serve as the base for most of the agricultural 

activity in the valleys. Conversely sandstone and quartzitic soils are characteristically sandy 

and infertile, reflecting the nature of the parent material (Low, 1980; Low & Bristow, 1983). 

There is thus a dichotomy between fertile valleys and adjacent infertile mountains. The link 

between soil fertility and vegetation type is a crucial one in the region, and this is dealt with 

in more detail below. When combined with rainfall gradients and local variations in 

groundwater, the influence on plantlife can be dramatic, and this is a facet which is 

expanded upon further. 

24 




5.5 Plantlife 

The study area lies in the heart of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) which is recognised as a 

floral kingdom in its own right (Good, 1974; Goldblatt, 1978; Cowling & Holmes; 1992). The 

flora comprises some 9000 species, making it the largest of both temperate and tropical 

floras world-wide (Goldblatt & Manning, 2000). A key feature of the CFR is that 68.8 % of 

its plant species is confined to this region, the highest for any Mediterranean region 

(Goldblatt & Manning, 2000). The CFR has six main phytogeographic centres: North-west; 

South-west; Agulhas Plain; Karoo Mountains; Langeberg and South-east (Goldblatt & 

Manning, 2000). Our study area falls within the North-west centre, and just brushes the 

South-west (sensu Goldblatt & Manning, 2000). Species richness is driven by a 

combination of infertile soils and a range of geological and moisture gradients which 

produce a complexity of habitats – a fruitful ground for past speciation and the origin of new 

taxa! Detailed examination of the area’s plantlife is provided below. 

Broadly speaking, the dominant vegetation of the area is fynbos, chiefly due to a 

preponderance of quartzitic mountain ranges (see above). These all receive sufficient 

rainfall to prevent the development of Karoo vegetation which occurs on similar rocks of 

both the Table Mountain and Witteberg Groups along the zone between the Swartruggens 

and Cederberg on the one hand, and the Tanqua Karoo on the other (Low & Pond, 2005). 

In the valleys, which are characterised by shale and alluvial sediment bottoms, the nature of 

the vegetation changes perceptibly, with fynbos occurring on wetter substrates and 

renosterveld where the rainfall drops to below about 700 mm. Fynbos is characterised by a 

dominance of restios (reeds), along with ericoid- and broad-leaved shrubs, with the families 

Ericaceae (ericas), Rhamnaceae (hardeblaars), Rutaceae (boegoes), Fabaceae (peas), 

Rosaceae (roses) and Proteaceae being generally conspicuous but not always present. In 

most areas the Asteraceae (daisies) tend to dominate, if not the cover of a community then 

at least the species found in that particular area. Geophytes (bulbs) such as the Iridaceae 

(irids) may also be prominent – generally more so than in fynbos - particularly after fire, and 

annuals – again a feature of renosterveld - mainly of the Asteraceae, may provide extensive 

cover in disturbed places. 

25 




Renosterveld is also a shrubby vegetation but lacks the hard-leaved nature of the fynbos. 

Here softer-leaved shrubs tend to dominate, and there is a greater proportion of herbaceous 

and sub-woody plants, as well as the Poaceae (grasses). Presence of such dominance is 

heavily influenced by the more fertile soils on which this vegetation type is found. Key 

families are the Asteraceae, Poaceae, Iridaceae, Lamiaceae (sages), Fabaceae and 

Geraniaceae (geraniums). 

Whilst not prominent within the WSDF, small forest patches are found in moist, protected 

kloofs, but these will not be discussed further. 

The region is too wet to support Karoo vegetation, and this type will also not be discussed 

further. 

Within both the mountain and valley systems is found an extensive array of rivers, streams, 

seeps and wetlands. These all play a crucial role in defining the character of ecosystems 

within the study area and will be discussed in more detail below. Suffice to say that 

montane and valley systems differ quite considerably due to major disparities in rainfall, 

groundwater behaviour and substrate. 

26 




6. FINDINGS 

6.1 Vegetation 

A simplified map of montane and valley vegetation is shown in Figure 7, and will help the 

reader to understand the location of and relationships between the two broad systems. 

Distribution of original (untransformed) and remnant (transformed) vegetation of the study 

area appears in Figure 8. Extent of original and remnant vegetation is indicated in Table 2. 

The location of study sites and their association with the various vegetation types is shown 

in Figures 9 (Shale Fynbos), 10 (Alluvium Fynbos) and 11 (Shale Renosterveld). 

6.1.1 Original and remnant vegetation 

Eight montane vegetation types are found in the area, six on sandstone and quartzite, and 

two on shale. Winterhoek (59.4% of the CFR total) and North Hex Sandstone Fynbos 

(47.4%) are the most prominent, together with Northern Shale Band Fynbos (37.7%). Of 

the valley vegetation, both Ceres Alluvium Fynbos (65.8%) and to a lesser extent Breede 

Alluvium Fynbos (30.7%) are also fairly well-represented. Also over 60% of the CFR total 

for Kouebokkeveld and Breede Shale Fynbos is found in the WSDF. Renosterveld is less 

well-represented on the whole due to the moderate to high rainfall in the area (see Figure 

3). Nevertheless the WSDF supports some 48.4% of the CFR total of Ceres Shale 

Renosterveld. 

Another picture emerges for remnant vegetation, with greatest levels of transformation 

being found in the valleys. Montane vegetation types rarely display great losses, with 

Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos exhibiting the highest (85.6%), and all other montane types 

retaining more than 90% of their original extent in the CFR. Conversely all valley and 

lowland types have shown a major decline in the CFR, the greatest of these being 

Swartland Shale Renosterveld (12.6%), Breede Alluvium Fynbos (33.6%) and Swartland 

Alluvium Fynbos (34.2%). Of importance is the significance of these losses for the WSDF, 

where Swartland Alluvium Fynbos (15.8% remaining in the WSDF, although an insignificant 

amount present in the WSDF), Breede Shale Renosterveld (29.4%) and Ceres Shale 

27 





28 





29 




Table 2. Extent of original and remnant vegetation in the CFR and Witzenberg SDF. Areas in ha. Values calculated from Mucina et al. 

(2005) (electronic copy of SA vegetation map) 

Fynbos 

Vegetation type 

Original 

area 

(CFR) 

Remnant 

area 

(CFR) 

% rem. in 

CFR 

Orig. 

area 

(WSDF) 

Rem. area 

(WSDF) 

% rem. 

(WSDF) 

% orig. 

WSDF of 

orig. CFR 

% rem. 

WSDF of 

rem. CFR 

Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos 244860 209670 85.6 44772 42821 95.6 18.3 20.4 

Hawekwas Sandstone Fynbos 105117 100706 95.8 14363 12556 87.4 13.7 12.5 

North Hex Sandstone Fynbos 39416 37370 94.8 18698 17562 93.9 47.4 47.0 

Olifants Sandstone Fynbos 105853 100053 94.5 65 65 100.0 0.1 0.1 

South Hex Sandstone Fynbos 32073 31790 99.1 6945 6911 99.5 21.7 21.7 

Western Altimontane Sandstone 

Fynbos 3755 3755 100.0 732 732 100.0 19.5 19.5 

Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos 119005 114184 95.9 70728 66934 94.6 59.4 58.6 

Northern Shale Band Fynbos 26433 25426 96.2 9955 9657 97.0 37.7 38.0 

Western Coastal Shale Band 

Fynbos 13469 12579 93.4 939 819 87.2 7.0 6.5 

30 





Breede Alluvium Fynbos 51055 17130 33.6 15665 4430 28.3 30.7 25.9 

Ceres Alluvium Fynbos 18005 9793 54.4 11840 5550 46.9 65.8 56.7 

Swartland Alluvium Fynbos 46984 16079 34.2 19 3 15.8 0.0 0.0 

Breede Shale Fynbos 31848 23153 72.7 20242 13791 68.1 63.6 59.6 

Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos 42801 28182 65.8 30561 18648 61.0 71.4 66.2 

Renosterveld 

Breede Shale Renosterveld 104649 69676 66.6 15775 4640 29.4 15.1 6.7 

Ceres Shale Renosterveld 49178 27380 55.7 23782 8635 36.3 48.4 31.5 

Swartland Shale Renosterveld 494582 62319 12.6 14 11 78.6 0.0 0.0 

Total 1529083 889245 58.2 285095 213765 75.0 18.6 24.0 

31 





32 





33 





34 




Renosterveld (36.3%) proportionately display losses far greater than for the CFR as a 

whole. 

Transects indicating the change in vegetation across a particular valley were also drawn. 

These appear in Figure 12, supported by visuals in Figure 13. Cross sections clearly 

indicate the relationship between flats and slopes as well as the respective locations of 

valley and montane vegetation in the study area. Of importance too, is the altitude of the 

four valleys, with the Agter Witzenberg and Kouebokkeveld being the highest at approx. 900 

to 1000 m asl), Ceres 500m and the Upper Breede being the least flat at 200 to 400 m. The 

juxtaposition of mountain footslopes and flats is also of significance for it is here that most of 

the colluvial/alluvial sand over clay systems are found. 

In summary the vegetation types most severely affected by transformation in the WSDF as 

well as CFR are: Breede Alluvium Fynbos, Breede Shale Fynbos, Ceres Alluvium Fynbos, 

Ceres Shale Renosterveld and Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos. 

6.1.2 Plant communities 

Raw data for the plant communities sampled appears in Appendix 1. Altogether 266 plots 

were placed in 31 sites, in both terrestrial (dryland) and wetland systems. 

Terrestrial vegetation 

Results of the terrestrial plant community analysis are shown in Figure 14 for sites (14a), 

substrate (14b) and valleys (14c). In general plant communities showed a clear separation 

into major vegetation groupings although this separation was not as clear for different 

vegetation types on similar substrates (e.g. Breede Shale Fynbos and Kouebokkeveld 

Shale Fynbos). Alluvial communities were well-defined, particularly in the northern 

Kouebokkeveld. Renosterveld also appears as a distinct unit, but the form of this 

vegetation found in the Kouebokkeveld Valley at Heldersig Farm, and not described in the 

new vegetation map of South Africa (Mucina et al., 2005), possibly warrants its own type. 

Typical of much of renosterveld vegetation, there is a strong presence of heuweltjies 

dominated by Tylecodon paniculata botterboom, Pteronia incana asbossie and Galenia 

africana kraalbos. 

35 





36 





37 





38 




Influence of substrate is marked, with distinct trends driven by the presence of alluvial sand, 

alluvial clay or shale. Differentiation due to location in individual valleys is quite pronounced 

for the Kouebokkeveld and Upper Breede River Valleys, which are likely reflecting northern 

and southern extremes in habitat. The Ceres Valley communities plot out somewhere 

between these two, possibly indicating they sit on a geographical transition between north 

and south. 

Wetland vegetation 

In the case of wetland vegetation, both substrate and moisture status play reinforcing roles 

in community distribution (Figure 15). However separation into distinct wetland systems 

within individual Sites (Figure 15a) is generally less marked than their terrestrial 

counterparts. The main reason for this is likely to be the wide gradients (seasonally damp 

to permanently waterlogged) experienced in most of the systems investigated. Thus, there 

is a co-occurrence of specific wetland communities for example in the Wadrif, 

Waboomsrivier (Kouebokkeveld), Slagboom (Agter Witzenberg), Wysersdrif (Upper Breede) 

and Kweperfontein (Ceres Valley) wetlands. Nevertheless a number of systems are quite 

distinct, at least for certain key communities) and these include the Helpmekaar, 

Schoongezicht (Kouebokkeveld), Wysersdrif (Upper Breede) and Skaaprivier (Ceres – 

despite or because of disturbance by cattle). The role of substrate (Figure 15b) is possibly 

less important in wetland plant community delineation than it is in terrestrial systems; for 

example, shale and alluvial clay show a strong overlap. However there is clear separation 

of shale and alluvial sand at opposite ends of this figure, suggesting that totally different 

substrates can also play a fundamental role in community distribution. Wetlands show 

better separation patterns according to valley (Figure 15c) compared with their terrestrial 

counterparts, with the Kouebokkeveld, Upper Breede and Ceres Valleys showing relatively 

distinct units, and the Agter Witzenberg again sitting as a transition in the centre. 

39 





40 




6.1.3 Fragmentation of vegetation 

Fragmentation provides a good surrogate for indicating transformation of vegetation (see for 

example Low & Pond, 2003). Increase in fragmentation caused by human impacts is 

shown in Table 3 (change in fragment number). Values for all vegetation types are positive, 

indicating an increase in fragment number, as would be expected. In general the increase 

in fragmentation is far greater in the valleys than the mountains where indices of up to 

50.5% (Swartland Shale Renosterveld), 96.2 (Ceres Shale Renosterveld), 125.8 (Swartland 

Alluvium Fynbos) and 351.3 (Breede Alluvium Fynbos are found for the CFR. In the WSDF, 

high values are demonstrated for Breede Shale Fynbos (62.8%), Ceres Shale Renosterveld 

(90.5), Breede Shale Renosterveld (136.3) and Breede Alluvium Fynbos (175.3). 

Fragmentation not only decreases the area of original vegetation, but also makes it more 

prone to impacts, due to an enhanced edge effect (i.e. the centre of the remnants becoming 

closer to the edge, thereby reducing the buffering capacity of a particular remnant). 

6.1.4 Valley slopes and flats 

In order to determine where impacts on valley bottoms were greatest, flats and slopes of 

each of the four valleys were mapped. The results are shown in Figure 16, and Tables 4 

(vegetation) and 5 (fragmentation). There is a clear difference in ratio between flats and 

slope vegetation, with the highest in the Agter Witzenberg Valley (greater flats to slope 

ratio) and lowest in the Breede River Valley (greater slope to flats ratio). This indicates that 

the valley geomorphologies are quite different and this has differentially affected the various 

impacts on the landscape (see also cross sections in Figure 12). Of importance is that it is 

the flats which generally suffer the higher transformation given their greater accessibility. 

However fragmentation of flats and slopes is inconsistent, with the fragmentation index (FI) 

being higher for flats in the Agter Witzenberg but not so in the Upper Breede River Valley. 

The latter is probably linked with a greater proportion of slopes to flats and fairly intensive 

farming of slopes. The Ceres Valley demonstrates a very high FI for the flats, with FI’s for 

the Kouebokkeveld being generally lower than the other valleys but still more than 20. 

41 




Table 3. Extent of fragmentation in vegetation of the Witzenberg SDF. Calculated from Mucina et al (2005) (electronic copy of SA 

vegetation map) 


Fynbos 

No. of orig. 

fragments 

(CFR) 

No. 

rems. 

(CFR) 

of 

Change in 

fragment number 

(CFR) (%) 

No. of orig. 

fragments 

(WSDF) 

No. of 

rems. 

(WSDF) 

Change in 

fragment number 

(WSDF) (%) 

Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos 12 493 41.1 8 33 4.1 

Hawekwas Sandstone Fynbos 22 490 22.3 6 271 45.2 

North Hex Sandstone Fynbos 5 82 16.4 4 48 12.0 

Olifants Sandstone Fynbos 11 136 12.4 4 4 1.0 

South Hex Sandstone Fynbos 6 11 1.8 8 9 1.1 

Western Altimontane Sandstone 

Fynbos 23 23 1.0 11 11 1.0 

Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos 6 164 27.3 11 142 12.9 

Northern Shale Band Fynbos 44 109 2.5 19 38 2.0 

Western Coastal Shale Band 

Fynbos 122 358 2.9 14 57 4.1 

Breede Alluvium Fynbos 4 1405 351.3 3 526 175.3 

Ceres Alluvium Fynbos 9 234 26.0 7 163 23.3 

Swartland Alluvium Fynbos 12 1510 125.8 2 3 1.5 

42 





Breede Shale Fynbos 30 397 13.2 4 251 62.8 

Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos 12 398 33.2 12 318 26.5 

Renosterveld 

Breede Shale Renosterveld 99 1277 12.9 4 545 136.3 

Ceres Shale Renosterveld 5 481 96.2 4 362 90.5 

Swartland Shale Renosterveld 125 6309 50.5 1 1 1.0 

Total 547 13877 25.4 122 2782 22.8 

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44 




Table 4. Separation of valleys into flats and slope zones: vegetation 

Valley 

Original vegetation 

Agter Witzenberg Valley 

Remnant vegetation 

Flats Slope Total Flats Slope Total 

flats/ slope 

Loss of orig. veg.: orig. vs 

Veg. 

rems. 

type Total valley Flats Slope Total 

KbShF 4072 1874 5946 1131 865 1996 2.2 2.2 72.2 53.8 66.4 

Breede River Valley 

BrAlF 8934 6727 15661 307 4123 4430 1.3 0.4 96.6 38.7 71.7 

BrShF 1957 18285 20242 431 13360 13791 0.1 78.0 26.9 31.9 

BrShR 3555 12220 15775 672 3968 4640 0.3 81.1 67.5 70.6 

Ceres Valley 

CeShR 13100 9090 22190 3608 4243 7851 1.4 1.1 72.5 53.3 64.6 

KbShF 0 2764 2764 0 2661 2661 N/A 0.0 0.0 3.7 

Kouebokkeveld Valley 

CeAlF 10936 904 11840 5070 484 5554 12.1 1.2 53.6 46.5 53.1 

CeShR 0 1592 1592 0 787 787 N/A 0.0 50.6 50.6 

KbShF 8521 13330 21851 3532 10469 14001 0.6 58.5 21.5 35.9 

For vegetation type abbreviations see Table 1 

45 




Table 5. Separation of valleys into flats and slope zones: fragmentation 

Original vegetation Remnant vegetation Fragmentation index 

Valley 

Flats Slope Total Flats Slope Total Flats Slope Total 


KbShF 1 1 1 117 40 157 117.0 40.0 157.0 


BrAlF 3 3 3 17 509 526 5.7 169.7 175.3 

BrShF 4 4 4 63 188 251 15.8 47.0 62.8 

BrShR 4 4 4 123 422 545 30.8 105.5 136.3 

Ceres Valley 

CeShR 1 1 1 279 41 320 279.0 41.0 320.0 

KbShF 0 4 4 0 6 6 N/A 1.5 1.5 


CeAlF 7 0 7 142 22 164 20.3 N/A 23.4 

CeShR 0 2 2 0 41 41 N/A 20.5 20.5 

KbShF 8 8 8 164 8 172 20.5 1.0 21.5 

Vegetation abbreviations as per Table 1 

46 




6.2 Flora 

Flora lists from the study appear in Appendix 2 (composite terrestrial), 3 (composite wetland 

and 4 (individual site lists). In total 802 indigenous species were encountered in the study, 

25 of these on the Red Data list (Hilton-Taylor, 1996a & b; 1997). Examples of typical 

dryland and wetland flora encountered in the study are shown in Figures 17 and 18. Site 

explanations are provided in Table 1. 

60 species are new records (i.e. first confirmed occurrences in the area), with eleven of 

these being additions to the Cape Flora (sensu Goldblatt & Manning (2000); Table 6). Two 

new species (Aspalathus sp. nov. ABL 9296 (pea family) and Senecio sp. nov. ABL 10483 

(daisy family) also indicate the area to be a source of undiscovered and interesting species, 

signifying a dearth of plant collecting and botanical work in these four valleys. Distribution 

of species at a local (9 species) and regional (16 species) level also reveal habitats which 

are essential for the survival of these species and which are either restricted to the WSDF 

or to a relatively narrow area which includes the latter. Top of the list is Leucadendron 

sericeum the aptly named waboom conebush. This member of the protea family is 

endangered and is restricted to a few kilometres on damp alluvial sands in the northern 

Kouebokkeveld Valley on the farms Waboomsrivier and Schoongezicht. Other local 

endemics (Table 6) include Erica bokkeveldia, Babiana villosa, the exquisite Ixia viridiflora, 

Lampranthus dilutus and Leucadendron corymbosum on the wet shales of Romansrivier. 

Floristic analysis of local terrestrial local floras is shown in Figure 19. Terrestrial floras 

within the WSDF show a clear response to soil and rainfall, with a gradient from lower 

(Kouebokkeveld and Ceres renosterveld) to higher rainfall (fynbos in Agter Witzenberg, 

Kouebokkeveld and Upper Breede River) valleys. There is also a marked split between the 

alluvial clays and sands at higher rainfall. 

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48 





49 





50 




Table 6. Distribution of plant species which are rare, endemic, or are new records for the CFR or WSDF 

FAMILY SPECIES DISTRIBUTION (CFR)* OCCURRENCE (WSDF) COMMENTS 

AMARYLLIDACEAE Boophone disticha Robertson & Bredasdorp, to 

tropical Africa 

Site 31 (B) 

New record 

ANTHERICACEAE Chlorophytum triflorum Elandsbaai to Cape Peninsula Sites 4 & 5 (C) New record 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Trachyandra 

chlamydophylla 

Darling to Somerset West Sites 15 (B) & 32 (C) New record 

ASTERACEAE Haplocarpha parvifolia Kouebokkeveld Sites 2 & 8 (K) Local endemic; K 

ASTERACEAE 

Senecio sp. nov. ABL 

10483 

BRASSICACEAE Heliophila arenosa Cederberg Mountains to 

Swartruggens 

BRASSICACEAE Heliophila variabilis Namaqualand & Western 

Karoo to Pakhuis Pass 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Grammatotheca 

bergiana 

Site 6 (C) 

Site 4 (C) 

Sites 4 (C), 11 (A), 13, 15 

(B) 

New species; new 

record for CFR 

Regional endemic 

New record 

Bainskloof to Kwa-Zulu Natal Site 3 (K) & 22 (B) New record 

CYPERACEAE Isolepis rubicunda Langebaan to Cape Peninsula Sites 3 (K), 10 (A) & 8 (K) New record 

CYPERACEAE 

Schoenoplectus 

corymbosus 

CYPERACEAE Tetraria exilis Du Toits Kloof Mountains to 

Kleinmond 

Site 3 (K) 

Sites 17 (B), 28 (K) & 

32(C) 

New record for CFR 

New record 

51 





ERICACEAE Erica argentea Cederberg to Kouebokkeveld Site 8 (K) Regional endemic 

ERICACEAE Erica bokkeveldia Kouebokkeveld Site 1 (K) Local endemic 

ERICACEAE Erica caprina Ceres Site 8 (K) New record; regional 

endemic 

ERICACEAE Erica pubescens Piketberg to Cape Peninsula Sites 6 (C) & 11 (A) New record 

FABACEAE 

Amphithalea 

cedarbergensis 

Cederberg to Kouebokkeveld Site 1 (K) Regional endemic 

FABACEAE Aspalathus desertorum Bokkeveld Mountains Site 4, 6 (C), 15 (B), 23 

(B) 

New record; R 

FABACEAE Aspalathus linearifolia Saron to Franschhoek Site 16 (B) New record; regional 

endemic 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus sp. nov. 

ABL 9296 

FABACEAE Aspalathus vulnerans Bokkeveld to Olifants River 

Mountains 

Site 9 (A) 

Site 12 (B) 

New species; new 

record for CFR 

New record 

FABACEAE Lessertia microphylla Site 4 (C) New record for CFR 

FABACEAE Podalyria cordata Hottentots Holland Mountains Site 12 (B) New record for CFR; 

R 

FABACEAE Rafnia acuminata Sites 12, 15, 16, 23 (B), 

32 (C) 

New record for CFR 

52 





GENTIANACEAE Sebaea schlechteri Cape Peninsula to Bot River Site 11 (A) New record 

GERANIACEAE Pelargonium carnosum Southern Namibia & western 

Karoo to Eastern Cape 

GERANIACEAE Pelargonium ovale Elandskloof to Groot 

Winterhoek 

HYACINTHACEAE Albuca juncifolia Ceres to Cape Peninsula to 

Mossel Bay 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Lachenalia marginata 

subsp. marginata 

Bokkeveld Mountains to 

Clanwilliam 

Site 19 (K) 

Site 32 (C) 

Sites 1 (K), 4, 5 (C), 7 

(K), 31 & 33 (B) 

Site 21 

Likely new record 


New record (Site 1) 

New record 

HYACINTHACEAE Lachenalia pallida Piketberg to Stellenbosch Sites 9, 11 (A) & 12 (B) New record 

HYACINTHACEAE Lachenalia polyphylla Piketberg to Tulbagh Site 1 (K) New record; E 

HYACINTHACEAE Lachenalia zeyheri Elandskloof to Ceres Sites 3, 8 (K) & 10 (A) Regional endemic 

IRIDACEAE Babiana disticha Ceres to Cape Peninsula Sites 2, 3 (K), 4 (C), 11 

(A), 15 (B) 

IRIDACEAE Babiana nana Lambert’s Bay to Mossel Bay 

(coastal) 

Site 4 (C) 

New record (Site 1) 

New record 

IRIDACEAE Babiana villosa Tulbagh to Malmesbury Site 13 (B) Local endemic 

IRIDACEAE 

Bobartia gladiata subsp. 

teres 

Cape Peninsula to Bainskloof 

to Hermanus 

Site 12 (B) 

New record 

IRIDACEAE Geissorhiza setacea Gouda to Gordon’s Bay Site 10 (A) New record 

53 





IRIDACEAE Gladiolus quadrangulus Darling to Cape Flats Site 11 (A) New record; E 

IRIDACEAE Hesperantha cucullata Western Karoo & Bokkeveld 

Mountains to Biedouw Valley 

Sites 16 (B) & 18 (K) 

New record 

IRIDACEAE Ixia viridiflora Tulbagh to Wolseley Site 12 (B) Local endemic, V 

IRIDACEAE Lapeirousia falcata Kouebokkeveld to Worcester Site 8 (K) Regional endemic 

IRIDACEAE Moraea variabilis Kouebokkeveld to Ceres Site 8 (K) Regional endemic; R 

MALVACEAE Anisodontea elegans Hex River Valley to 

Swellendam 

Site 4 (Ceres) 

New record 

MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Antimima microphylla Piketberg to Paarl & Worcester Site 19 (K) New record 

MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Antimima triquetra Site 19 (K) New record for CFR 

MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Antimima verruculosa Hex River Mountains Site 4 (Ceres) New record 

MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE 




Cephalophyllum 

curtophyllum 

Drosanthemum 

glabrescens 

Drosanthemum 

globosum 

Drosanthemum 

hispifolium 

Cederberg Mountains to 

western Karoo 

Western Karoo to Bokkeveld 

Mountains 

Site 13 (B) 

Site 19 (K) 

New record 

New record 

Montagu Site 19 (K) New record 

Malmesbury Site 13 (B) New record; regional 

endemic, Us 

54 





MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Lampranthus dilutus Porterville Sites 13 & 31 (B) New record; Local 

endemic, E 

MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Lampranthus elegans Cape Peninsula to Worcester, 

Uitenhage 

Sites 4, 5 (C) & 7 (K) 

New record, Us 

MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Lampranthus filicaulis Cape Peninsula & Cape Flats Site 30 (B) New record; regional 

endemic, Us 


Lampranthus 

pakhuisensis 

Pakhuis Mountains Site 5 (C) New record 

MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Lampranthus pocockiae Swartberg Mountains Site 17 (B) New record 



Lampranthus 

staminodiscus 

Phiambolia 

gydouwensis 

Elandskloof Site 7 (K) New record, regional 

endemic 

Matroosberg Site 7 (K) New record, regional 

endemic 

MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Ruschiella argentea Sites 13 & 33 (B) New record for CFR 

MESEMBRYANTHEMACEAE Ruschiella lunulata Nieuwoudtville, Clanwilliam & 

Tanqua Karoo to Montagu 

MOLLUGINACEAE 

Pharnaceum 

microphyllum 

Site 13 (B) 


Namaqualand to Saldanha Bay Site 8 (K) New record 

MOLLUGINACEAE Psammotropha anguina Cederberg to Kouebokkeveld Sites 1 & 8 (K) Regional endemic 

ONAGRACEAE Ludwigia palustris Site 22 (B) New record for CFR 

55 





POACEAE Pentaschistis pallens Sites 1 & 7 (K) New record for CFR 

POLYGALACEAE Muraltia angulosa Kouebokkeveld & Olifants 

River Mountains 

PROTEACEAE 

PROTEACEAE 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

corymbosum 

Leucadendron 

lanigerum var. 

laevigatum 

Leucadendron 

sericeum 

Sites 1 (K) & 4 (C) 


Mitchell’s Pass to Paarl Site 30 (B) Local endemic, V 

Tulbagh to Wolseley Site 30 (B) Local endemic 

Waboomsrivier 

(Kouebokkeveld) 

PROTEACEAE Serruria effuse Cederberg & Olifants River 

Mountains 

RESTIONACEAE Ischyrolepis rivula Southern Cederberg to Op de 

Berg 

Sites 1 & 8 (K) 

Site 1 (K) 

Sites 18 & 28 (K) 

Local endemic, E 

New record 


RESTIONACEAE Restio miser Bainskloof to Franschhoek Site 18 (K) New record 

RHAMNACEAE Phylica strigulosa Piketberg to Stellenbosch Site 11 (A) New record 

SANTALACEAE Thesium hispidulum Site 12 (B) New record for CFR 

SCROPHULARIACEAE 

Globulariopsis 

adpressa 

SCROPHULARIACEAE Selago cupressoides Gydo Pass to Hex River 

Mountains 

Piketberg to Somerset West Site 17 (B) New record 

Site 4 (C), 7 (K) and 13 

(B) 

New record; local 

endemic 

56 





THYMELAEACEAE Gnidia inconspicua Ceres to Cape Peninsula Sites 7, 8 (K) & 9 (A) New record 

THYMELAEACEAE Gnidia geminiflora Namaqualand to Langebaan Site 6 (C) New record 

THYMELAEACEAE Gnidia juniperifolia Cape Peninsula to Riversdale Site 8 (K) New record 

THYMELAEACEAE Struthiola dodecandra Cape Peninsula to Bredasdorp, 

Knysna 

ZYGOPHYLLACEAE 

* after Goldblatt & Manning (2000) 

A - Agter Witzenberg Valley 

B - Upper Breede River Valley 

C - Ceres Valley 

K - Kouebokkeveld Valley 

CFR – Cape Floristic Region 

For Site descriptions see Table 1 

Red Data status 

E – Endangered 

K - insufficiently known 

R - rare 

Us – unspecified 

Zygophyllum 

sessilifolium 

Moorreesburg to Cape 

Peninsula 

Site 1 (K) 

Sites 15 & 31 (B) 


New record 

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Regional analysis of terrestrial floras indicates certain important patterns (Figure 20). In this 

case local floras from the various valleys have been combined in the analysis. The floras of 

the study area are quite distinct, despite considerable variation in substrate. Regionally 

they separate from the middle Breede River valley (Quaggaskloof), Slanghoek and the 

sandstone mountain ranges. We can thus refer to them as endemic to the area. 

A corresponding analysis for wetlands (regional analysis only) is shown in Figure 21. The 

WSDF wetlands show low similarities to one another, a general reflection of a combination 

of differing substrates as well as degree of seasonal wetting. They possess a botanical 

“fingerprint” which is intermediate between the high altitude systems of the Cape mountains 

and the lowlands of the Northern Sandveld, West Coast and Cape Flats. This is as much 

an indication of position in the landscape (mid-altitude flats and footslopes) as it is the 

unique wetland substrates (colluvial and alluvial sands over clay, and alluvial clays) of the 

study area. 

6.3 Ecological importance 

Studies targeting both irreplaceability (I) (Cowing et al., 1999) and ecological importance 

(EI) (Low, 2003; Fortuin et al., 2004)) have been conducted in the CFR. Interestingly both 

offer different priorities within the WSDF (Figure 22) and this is because they have adopted 

different approaches to identifying areas of importance for conservation. Nevertheless both 

should be considered complementary to each other. Cowling et al. (1999) deemed only a 

small area for the Kouebokkeveld to be 100% irreplaceable with most falling within the 0 – 

20% category. Conversely Low (2003) found all of this Valley to fall within 40 – 60% EI, 

with a high priority band along the Upper Leeurivier. In addition, Cowling et al. (1999) found 

two other areas to be 100% irreplaceable: the northern Agter Witzenberg and much of the 

Upper Breede River Valley. The Ceres Valley was relatively unimportant (mostly 0 – 20%) 

with smaller parts assuming 20 – 40%, 40 – 60% and 100% irreplaceability. Low (2003) 

showed a very different situation for the Upper Breede, with the whole Valley having a high 

EI (40 – 80%). In his study, both the Ceres and Agter Witzenberg Valleys indicate 

moderate EI’s (40 – 60%), with the interface between the former and the Kouebokkeveld 

being somewhat higher (60 – 80%). 

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59 





60 





61 




The implications of the findings of both studies are taken up below when assessing site 

importance and recommending priority sites for further study. 

6.4 Conservation 

6.4.1 Vegetation types 

Conservation status of vegetation types in the CFR and WSDF is shown in Figures 23 to 27 

and is derived from the data in Table 7. In essence these figures illustrate three points: 

ratio of original and remnant vegetation in the CFR and WSDF 

conservation status, and 

proportion of a particular vegetation type occurring in the WSDF area. 

The seven sandstone types are all well-conserved (16 to 54%) and Least Threatened (LT), 

chiefly a reflection of their occurrence in relatively unspoilt mountain ranges which abut the 

WSDF. Apart from Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos and North Hex Sandstone Fynbos, this 

vegetation is not well-represented in the study area. Shale Band vegetation is also 

adequately conserved (20 to 43%), with only the Northern Shale Band Fynbos fairly wellrepresented 

in the area. But it is the valley vegetation which lacks satisfactory conservation 

status. Swartland Alluvium Fynbos and Swartland Shale Renosterveld are amongst the 

rarest (Critically Endangered) in the CFR and most poorly protected, but are barely present 

in the area and will not be discussed further. Correspondingly Kouebokkeveld Shale 

Fynbos, Ceres Alluvium Fynbos (Endangered (E)), Breede Shale Fynbos (Vulnerable (V)) 

and, to a certain extent, Breede Alluvium Fynbos (E), are proportionately well-represented 

within the WSDF. However, not only are the first three types near-endemic to the WSDF, 

but are also poorly conserved (0.9, 0.0, and 5.7% respectively). Likewise a mere 0.2% of 

Breede Alluvium Fynbos (E) has formal protection status. Breede Shale Renosterveld (V) 

has only 2.8% of its area in reserves, but is not well-represented in the study area. 

Correspondingly about a third of the remnant extent of Ceres Shale Renosterveld (V) is 

found in the WSDF, with only 1.6 % conserved in the CFR. 

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63 




Insert Figure 23 a 

64 




Insert Figure 23 b 

65 





66 





67 





68 





69 




Insert Figure 27 a 

70 




Table 7. Protection status of vegetation types in the CFR and Witzenberg SDF. Calculated from Mucina et al (2005) 

(electronic copy of SA vegetation map). Conservation status from Rouget et al. (2004). 

Fynbos 


Area conserved 

(CFR) 

Area conserved 

(WSDF) 

Area conserved (% 

of orig. CFR) 

Area conserved (% of 

rem. CFR) 

Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos 47783 322 19.5 22.8 

Hawekwas Sandstone Fynbos 56263 4998 53.5 55.9 

North Hex Sandstone Fynbos 15188 9611 38.5 40.6 

Olifants Sandstone Fynbos 24535 0 23.2 24.5 

South Hex Sandstone Fynbos 5214 4084 16.3 16.4 

Western Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos 1454 404 38.7 38.7 

Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos 32537 17672 27.3 28.5 

Northern Shale Band Fynbos 5147 1128 19.5 20.2 

Western Coastal Shale Band Fynbos 5764 314 42.8 45.8 

Breede Alluvium Fynbos 87 59 0.2 0.5 

Ceres Alluvium Fynbos 0 0 0.0 0.0 

Swartland Alluvium Fynbos 5116 0 10.9 31.8 

Breede Shale Fynbos 1815 1388 5.7 7.8 

Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos 390 390 0.9 1.4 

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Renosterveld 

Breede Shale Renosterveld 2936 9 2.8 4.2 

Ceres Shale Renosterveld 301 113 0.6 1.1 

Swartland Shale Renosterveld 4996 0 1.0 8.0 

Total 209526 40492 13.7 23.6 

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This pattern of nature reserves echoes findings for the Agulhas Plain (Cole et al., 2000) 

where Category 1 reserves (largely Cape Nature Reserves and National Parks) do not 

incorporate all of the biodiversity of an area and often exclude key ecosystems, such as 

lowlands and valleys. Cape Nature Reserves in the Western Cape tend to dominate the 

mountains to the exclusion of the lowlands and the valleys, as has been shown in this 

study. Likewise lowlands renosterveld is also poorly conserved owing to an overrepresentation 

of mountain reserves (sensu Von Hase et al., 2003). 

Prioritisation of conservation efforts for vegetation within the WSDF should be driven by one 

or more of three factors: near-endemism, rarity and poor conservation status. This 

approach was proposed for the Cape West Coast Biosphere Reserve (Low, 2004), and 

assists in prioritising conservation efforts in a particular area. Thus conservation priorities 

for the Witzenberg Municipal area would be Ceres Alluvium Fynbos, Breede Shale Fynbos, 

Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos and Ceres Shale Renosterveld. 

6.4.2 Attitudes of farmers 

Although not a key approach in this study, conservation issues were discussed with several 

farmers. A positive conservation ethos and even action was found in a number of 

landowners including: Eric Conradie at Leeufontein (Ceres Valley) (Site 4), the Zulch’s at 

Opdrag and Wakkerstroom (Sites 9 and 11) (Agter Witzenberg) and the Suter's at De 

Breederivier (Site 31) (northern Breede River Valley). To some conservation is not an 

issue, whereas the expansion of agricultural land, understandably, is. A key approach to 

effective conservation by and with farmers will be to evaluate the importance of natural veld 

from both a biodiversity as well as agricultural point of view and this aspect is dealt with 

under recommendations, below. 

There is a localised farmer’s awareness of the importance of natural veld, with some 

landowners conscious of linked veld management and farming practices which maintain 

biodiversity. 

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Discussions were held with Izak van der Merwe regarding conservation of land in general at 

Schoongezicht (Site 8). Here some of his veld has been fenced off for several years and is 

likely to have resulted in the observations of the bulb Tulbaghia dregeana, not seen here 

since his childhood. In particular there is an urgent need for a conservation plan for alluvial 

sand systems in the Kouebokkeveld Valley (see below). 

An important wetland on Wadrif Farm (Site 28) was also discussed with Nico and Carin van 

der Merwe. Lying on the Houdenbeks, an attempt was made several years previously to 

drain the wetland but to no avail. The Van der Merwe’s are in agreement that the drainage 

channel be filled, providing funds can be found for this purpose. 

6.4.3 Expert mapping workshop 

Notes of an expert mapping workshop held on 19 November 2004 appear in Appendix 5, 

together with mapped and distributional information on important species and their 

localities. The workshop was held to provide expert mapping of natural ecosystems and 

species for the Witzenberg SDF. In the workshop 1:50 000 topographical maps covering 

the Witzenberg SDF (municipal) area were mapped and annotated to demarcate relevant 

information. Key areas and concerns included the following: 

Specific areas 

Planning 

The Upper and middle Breede River Valley should enjoy prioritisation 

Romansrivier (BR valley) needs re-proclamation! Geometric Tortoise and Cape 

Caco are of utmost conservation importance 

The only currently “protected” renosterveld is found on Sarel Bester’s land in the 

Ceres valley. 

There should be a proactive approach in forward planning and determination of 

areas/systems requiring conservation status in the WSDF 

Identification of important sites must be made known to planners and municipalities 

The challenge facing e.g. the Botanical Society is the uptake of information into the 

WSDF, to provide an added tool for decision-making. 

74 




Conservation 

Currently available conservation status information should be included in the WSDF 

Current GIS layers for Ceres and Breede River are outdated and need updating. 

General (much of these points are included in Appendix 5 or are dealt with in the 

text below) 

Amateur botanists such as Gerald Hansford of the Breede River Valley should be 

included in the conservation prioritisation process 

Layers/information to inform the WSDF fine scale conservation planning should be 

provided (see above). Most of this information has been considered in the proposed 

corridor plan for the WSDF – see below): 

Identified hotspots for herpetological species, e.g. Ceres Valley, should be included 

Information from SANBI’s “rares programme” should be included – i.e. Information 

System of Endangered Plants(ISEP). A GIS dataset on rares was to have been 

made available in February 2005 

Recent work on lizards and frogs in Cape Fold Mountains (Nuwekloof and Groot 

Winterhoek) should be considered 

Work on invertebrates (note: dragonfly work by Mike Samways; beetles in the 

upland parts), fish (Dean Impson), birds (Kevin Shaw) and mammals (this was not 

forthcoming from the expert mapping, although mammal movements are largely 

taken into account in the corridor plan below), should be incorporated into 

conservation decision-making 

The Protea Atlas Project – although no specific information on proteas was included, 

Red Data protea species and localities are indirectly considered in the overall 

corridor plan. 

75 




7. IMPACTS 

The impacts listed below are a result of personal observations in the field. They do not 

represent a detailed analysis of impacts within the region but rather an indication of 

transformed landscapes within the four shale valleys under scrutiny, and the main reasons 

for such transformation. Included in our observations are comments from farmers, which, 

despite their subjectivity, nevertheless indicate the status quo situation of individuals whose 

daily lives depend to some extent on natural and cultivated veld. Visuals of some of the 

impacts encountered in the study area shown in Figure 28. Transformation has already 

been dealt with in detail in Section 8.1.1. 

7.1 Agricultural transformation 

This impact provides for the greatest loss of natural vegetation in the region. 

Understandably the shale valleys present the most likely place for cultivation and farming 

with livestock. Impacts from agriculture have a number of effects. Firstly is the net loss of 

natural vegetation, secondly the fragmentation of such vegetation and thirdly the indirect 

impacts of fertilisers, herbicides and pesticides. Impacts are greatest in a number of 

localities, particularly those associated with wetland habitat. These include the northern 

Kouebokkeveld, where the upper Leeurivier system has been severely compromised 

through potato and related farming. This includes much of the Schoongezicht, 

Bokkefontein, Waboomsrivier and Tandfontein farms, and even the farms in the south of the 

valley, such as Helpmekaar where both farming and sand-mining have produced damaging 

impacts. However, Fish Eagles still frequent the Upper Leeurivier system where they have 

been observed to catch “waterskilpaaie” (terrapins) (Johan Reynolds of Bokkefontein). 

Spoonbills have also returned to the area although numbers were down on the previous 

year (2003 - Snyman van der Merwe, Leeurivier Farm). 

Along with the wetlands, many river and stream courses – in particular the northern Breede 

River Valley - have been isolated and this is severely compromising the functioning of such 

systems. Linear systems such as this require good buffering to retain functionality and this 

is taken up in our recommendations below. 

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77 




Browsing of natural veld is also a concern with Leucadendron chamelaea langbeentjie 

being affected in localised parts such as at Schoongezicht. The situation has been 

exacerbated through two successive dry winters. 

7.2 Wetlands and rivers 

Key impacts identified in the course of the study include: diversion of water from wetlands 

and river courses, drainage of lands, abstraction of water resulting in reduced river flows 

and channelisation of river courses. Specific areas of concern include the following: 


at Slagboom there has been severe earthworks within the wetland, mainly to 

construct a new dam. 

Ceres Valley 

at Skaaprivier heavy trampling by cattle has severely damaged an already heavily 

impacted and rare shale river system. 


at Schoongezicht Typha in one of the wetlands is probably an indication of 

eutrophication 

the crossing of the Leeurivier at Langrivier, south of Tandfontein is channelised but 

should be a wetland according to the 1:50 000 topo sheet 

at Môrester (Houdenbeks River), the crossing north-east of Wadrif, a longitudinal 

wetland has been polluted 

the Kruisrivier has been severely impacted by berms and artificial low flow 

(abstraction). There is also evidence of eutrophication. 

Upper Breede River Valley 

South of Kluitjieskraal is a shale wetland (Bokkeveld shale & laterite) previously 

placed under a plantation. This is a rare habitat and a key area for rehabilitation 

(MTO Forestry in process of undertaking the latter) 

At the Breede River crossing at Witelsboom there has been transformation from a 

perennial to seasonal river 

Romansrivier wetland – here some of the rare Leucadendron corymbosum are dead 

or dying, probably mainly as a result of cattle grazing and trampling; ironically there 

is much basal resprouting 

78 




Wysersdrif - wetland plain: here impacts include cattle grazing and trampling, tracks 

and ditches. However according to the farmer, the area has been relatively 

undisturbed in the last 25 years (was previously under vineyards) 

Wysersdrif (Breede River) – severe impacts from alien vegetation, in particular 

Acacia mearnsii black wattle. This has caused a major alteration in flow patterns 

and erosion. 

General areas of concern include: 

Ponding, with associated accumulation of nutrients and algae 

Eutrophication in many systems due to addition of nutrients from fertilisation of crops 

Change in flora composition due to impacts 

Problems caused by excessive abstraction of ground water 

Cattle grazing and trampling. 

7.3 Fire 

Although part of indirect observations in the area during the study period, fire clearly has 

had a damaging if localised impact on the resident ecosystems. The northern 

Kouebokkeveld Valley (Schoongezicht, Bokkefontein, Waboomsrivier and Tandfontein 

farms) has recently been burnt. The burn history for the western Kouebokkeveld mountains 

has been far too frequent, with runaway fires occurring in January 2004 (mountains) and 

March (2004) for the flats. On Opdrag farm (Agter Witzenberg), ad hoc burning of veld is 

undertaken to control locusts (“springkaan plaag”) as these threaten apple production. In 

the northern Breede River Valley, both terrestrial and wetland vegetation at Wysersdrif was 

burnt in 2003. 

Correspondingly several areas have lain unburnt for some years: Leeufontein in the Ceres 

Valley has apparently not burned in 60 years and there is a heavy presence of senescent 

Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis renosterbos. Eric Conradie, the owner of Leeufontein, 

maintains a 10 – 12 year fire cycle is suitable for renosterveld, otherwise the vegetation 

becomes moribund. Senescence is also evident in the neighbouring Rhodona farm 

(renosterveld). The role of good veld management in these and other farms is crucial for 

maintaining healthy populations of, for example, the Geometric Tortoise (Suurpoot). At 

Delta Farms just south of Tulbagh, the shale renosterveld is also moribund and in dire need 

of a burn. 

79 




7.4 Alien vegetation 

Woody alien vegetation is a severe, if localised, problem in wetlands and rivers. The 

Breede River in particular as well as several other river systems is heavily infested by 

Acacia mearnsii black wattle. Several mountainsides are also infested with both Eucalyptus 

spp. bluegum and Acacia mearnsii. Rubus is locally invasive in wetlands, especially on the 

Breede River floodplain. In localised wetlands and seeps on mountainsides, Populus 

canescens vaalpopulier is becoming a formidable threat to natural vegetation. 

7.5 Erosion 

Again these observations are incidental to the study but do illustrate a key impact which is 

found in localised parts throughout the area. Erosion is most severe on shale and is the 

results of unrehabilitated “borrow” pits and in fallow fields lacking vegetal cover (notably 

annual crops such as wheat). Road construction on the Gydo Pass has left its toll. Another 

area of concern is the erosion in artificial channels in water courses. These are invariably 

devoid of indigenous vegetation and not only unnaturally speed up the movement of water, 

but also encourage channel erosion. Erosion needs rehabilitation, a point discussed in the 

recommendations below. 

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8. RECOMMENDATIONS 

8.1 Conservation planning 

A key output of this study has been to devise a conservation approach which would address 

the conservation of the indigenous flora and vegetation in the WSDF. The study has clearly 

identified a number of species and habitats which are rare, threatened, and even endemic, 

and, more importantly, habitats which have been severely compromised through 

transformation (loss of extent and fragmentation). 

8.1.1 Priority sites 

Priority areas for conservation planning are shown in Figure 29. These are not exhaustive, 

as a future comprehensive assessment of all the valley flats and slopes in the area is 

essential. However, it is important that conservation planning be given priority attention in 

the WSDF and that the eleven localities targeted form the first to receive attention by the 

Municipality. These are amongst the rarest and most vulnerable, and have suffered major 

transformation. We recommend that each of these localities be the subject of an Area Wide 

Land Care programme conducted by the Department of Agriculture in Elsenburg, and that 

fine-scale assessment of vegetation (Cole et al., 2000) and by inference, habitats, is 

undertaken. The localities are as follows: 


(i) Upper Leeurivier (Sites 3 & 8) 

Home to a unique riverine-wetland system with a system of damp to wet alluvial sand over 

shale fynbos which is likely to be endemic to the area. Large tracts of are being farmed for 

potatoes, onions and livestock, with much of this activity occurring within the wetlands and 

the floodplain. Consequently ecosystem conservation in this area needs to be addressed 

as a matter of urgency. 

81 





82 




(ii) Heldersig & environs (Site 19) 

Good quality renosterveld still exists although becoming impacted by farming on its edges. 

(iii) Wadrif wetland (Site 28) 

Here urgent intervention is needed in the whole upper Houdenbeks River where extensive 

canalisation has severely compromised this rare shale riverine system. The Wadrif wetland 

is still in fairly good condition, chiefly as a result of lateral flows of groundwater from the 

Skurweberg. However stands of Typha capensis papkuil in the upper reaches of the 

wetland indicate likely eutrophication and compromising of river flows. 


(iv) Slagboom wetlands (Site 10) 

These fall under the name of Moddervlei in the CAPE wetland layer. Most of the system 

has been lost to agriculture and damming, but represented a rare and endangered shale 

wetland system. A detailed plan is needed showing the extent of wetland remaining, its link 

with the Klein Begin system further upstream and whether a rehabilitation programme is not 

required. 

(v) Opdrag-Wakkerstroom shale fynbos (Sites 9 and 11) 

This represents a unique combination of shale and laterite soils supporting fynbos. The 

existing farmer has adopted a conservation approach and this needs to be incorporated into 

a wider conservation plan for the immediate area. Of key importance is the retention of 

existing plant communities, particularly the wet shales and laterites supporting 

Leucadendron chamelaea langbeentjie. The Opdrag community is fairly isolated and would 

need connecting along the lines of the corridor proposal discussed below. The 

Wakkerstroom protea vegetation is more extensive and connects to the adjacent Agter 

Witzenberg mountain range. This should form the core of a southern Agter Witzenberg 

conservation area and is included as such in our corridor plan (Figure 30a). 

83 




Ceres Valley 

(vi) Waboomsrivier alluvial sand vegetation (Site 32) 

The alluvial sand over shale interface with the Skurweberg range to the west is not only rare 

but also severely compromised by invading Acacia mearnsii black wattle and a township 

which was built there several years ago. The construction of a township here conflicts with 

the ethos of the WSDF in that, among other, urban sprawl has not been contained and no 

consideration was afforded the importance of the site and the inherent natural processes. 

The Ceres Valley alluvial vegetation is largely confined to this area and should be treated as 

a conservation priority. In particular links should be maintained between this community 

and the Skurweberg and the Gydo Pass area, as well as protection for the lower slopes of 

the Gydoberg. 

(vii) Rhodona and Leeufontein renosterveld vegetation (Sites 4 and 5) 

The transition between the Gydoberg and Theron’s to Swaarmoed Passes via these farms 

needs to be maintained. Much of the Ceres Valley renosterveld has been transformed and 

the linking with wetter shale and sandstone fynbos is likely to be crucial for its survival. 

Northern Breede River Valley 1 

(viii) De Heuwel alluvial clay fynbos (Site 13) 

This site represents a rare and fast-diminishing habitat, echoing a bygone, wetter era when 

higher rainfall saw the transport of alluvial clays and cobbles over vast distances in the 

valley. This unique flora and vegetation is symbolic of this era and requires formal 

protection. It also forms part of the valley bottom system which has not only been shown to 

be different from the adjacent slopes but also far more threatened. Remnants are extensive 

enough to permit linkage to the Elandskloof (west) and Witzenberg Mountains (east) (see 

also Figure 30a). 

1 Note that the Botanical Society will be undertaking a fine scale conservation plan for the northern 

Breeder River Valley (Amrei von Hase pers.comm.) 

84 




(ix) Romansrivier (Site 30) 

Although initially a nature reserve it was deproclaimed owing to a paucity of Geometric 

Tortoise (Julia Wood, pers.comm.). However, regardless of the presence of this extremely 

rare reptile, the flora and vegetation is distinctive and has high conservation significance. It 

is one of few remnant damp to wet shales in the valley and supports a number of rare and 

endemic species. However the site has been heavily grazed and trampled, a factor which 

needs to be taken into consideration when conservation planning in the area. 

(x) De Breederivier & environs 

A combination of site rarity and distinctiveness due to fynbos on alluvial clay, together with a 

farming family committed to conservation, makes this a priority site for inclusion within a 

conservation plan. Links to the Hex River mountains are good, although potential for a 

corridor to the western side of the valley (Elandskloof mountains) is tentative. 

(xi) Wysersdrif wetlands (Site 14) 

This forms part of the Breede River braided system which follows this river course for much 

of its length. The wetlands are defined by the presence of dense stands of Prionium 

serratum palmiet which occupy seasonally inundated alluvial clay and sand flats. The 

system is heavily impacted by grazing and fire, and more recently by low rainfall over two 

consecutive years (2003/2004). Fragmentation by vineyards and associated crop activity 

has also taken its toll, and this has also severely compromised the system. We take this 

into consideration in our corridor plan (Figure 30a). 

85 




8.1.2 Corridor plan 

We strongly recommend the Witzenberg Municipality establish a conservation action plan 

for the area. For the above eleven and other key sites to survive they need to be part of a 

wider conservation matrix, consisting of multiple connections or corridors. Such a matrix 

should be driven by the following principles: 

priority remnants need to be linked, preferably to adjacent mountain systems 

river courses should form a central theme in defining corridor linkages – many river 

courses are totally isolated and at best have been developed to the edge of their 

banks, at worst have been ploughed 

linkages should be created along and across valleys 

a corridor system must be functional and include ecosystem processes and 

transitions, such as wetlands, rivers, valley bottom to mountain slope and mountain 

to mountain linkages 

any corridor plan needs to based upon an updated remnant layer for the area 

corridor widths and buffers should be set according to local requirements. 

The above would include most of the ecosystem characteristics and processes discussed in 

the Cape lowlands plan (Von Hase et al., 2003) and the Agulhas Plain conservation 

framework (Cole et al., 2000). A suggested corridor plan for the WSDF area is shown in 

Figure 30a, with some detail provided for the Kouebokkeveld (Figure 30b). Although 

conceptual, it does follow existing remnant patterns as well as many of the river courses, 

and should be used as a guide for conservation planning in the area. Understandably the 

plan focuses on the four valleys forming the heart of this study, but ensures that linkages 

between the valleys and the relatively intact mountain ranges are created. Whilst 

concentrating on existing natural fragments, several of the corridor routes would require 

extensive rehabilitation and possible purchase of land. 

8.1.3 Decision-making layer 

Ultimately the WSDF requires a priority layer which indicates sites of conservation 

significance. This layer, available as an ArcView v3 or Arc Map v8 shape file would enable 

developers, planners and conservationists alike to obtain an immediate assessment of a 

particular area, prior to establishing the development potential of that area. 

86 




Insert Figure 30a 

87 




Insert Figure 30b 

88 




8.2 Aerial photography 

For fine scale planning to succeed in the area, a full set of 1:10 000 or larger scale aerial 

photographs or good quality satellite imagery is essential. A possibility is the imagery now 

available from the IKONOS remote sensing satellite. 

8.3 New developments 

New developments in the area should take cognisance of the rarity and conservation 

worthiness of the various vegetation types, in particular Ceres Alluvium Fynbos, Breede 

Shale Fynbos, Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos and Ceres Shale Renosterveld and their 

respective habitats. Area wide planning of the type undertaken for the Slanghoek Valley 

(Helme, 2003), is critical if important and functional remnant patches are to be retained 

within the conservation framework proposed in Figure 30a. Included in the approach must 

be a re-assessment of development on valley bottoms and slopes, as well as setting local 

contour limits to e.g. chalet development on mountain slopes. 

89 




9. CONCLUSIONS 

This study has demonstrated conclusively that the four shale valleys in the Witzenberg SDF 

have been severely impacted by a range of factors, largely the result of intensive farming 

activity. Many of these impacts are irreversible, whilst there is still opportunity for 

developing a conservation strategy for the region which will embody the following principles: 

identification of all distinctive and rare remnants within the study area (many such 

remnants have already been included as key sites within the Municipal area) 

working with farmers in a joint conservation strategy where sustainable use and 

protection of veld becomes a key priority in the area. Issues such as demonstrating 

and acknowledging the value of renosterveld – often regarded as “nuisance veld” 

should be tackled with urgency 

developing an overarching corridor plan for the area (Figure 30a). 

Our approach has relied heavily on floristic signatures from rare and endemic habitats – i.e. 

the treatment of biodiversity at the point scale - an approach we believe has immense value 

for conservation planning in the CFR. This document provides both a conservation strategy 

for key priority areas within the WSDF as well as a resource for future conservation work 

within the region. 

If the principles laid down in the WSDF as well as those in the Biodiversity Act are to be 

implemented, a pragmatic conservation approach to veld management has to be 

undertaken, one in which conservation is seen as a partnering activity with farmers. We 

strongly suggest that pioneer projects, possibly spearheaded by the Department of 

Agriculture's Area Wide Planning initiative in collaboration with Cape Nature’s stewardship 

programme, become a fundamental part of this approach. 

90 




10. REFERENCES 

Clarke, K R & Warwick (1994). Change in marine communities: an approach to statistical 

analysis and interpretation. Plymouth Marine Laboratory, United Kingdom. 

Cole, N S, Lombard, A T, Cowling, R M, Euston-Brown, D, Richardson, D M & Heijnis, C E 

(2000). Framework for a conservation plan for the Agulhas Plain, Cape Floristic Region, 

South Africa. Institute for Plant Conservation, Report 0001. University of Cape Town, Cape 

Town 

Cowling, R M & Holmes, P (1992). Flora and vegetation. In “Cowling, R M (ed.) The 

ecology of fynbos: nutrients, fire and diversity”. pp 23 – 61. 

Cowling, R M, Holmes, P & Rebelo, A G (1992). Plant diversity and endemism. In “Cowling, 

R M (ed.) The ecology of fynbos: nutrients, fire and diversity”. pp 62 – 112. 

Cowling, R M, MacDonald, I A W & Simmons, M T (1996). The Cape Peninsula, South 

Africa: physiographical, biological and historical background to an extraordinary hot-spot of 

biodiversity. Biodiversity and Conservation 5: 527 – 550 

Cowling, R M, Pressey, R L, Lombard, A T, Heijnis, C E, Richardson, D M and Cole, N 

(1999). Framework for a conservation plan for the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa. 

Institute for Plant Conservation, University of Cape Town. IPC Report 9902, prepared for 

WWF-SA 

Deacon, H J (1983). An introduction to the fynbos region, time scales and 

palaeoenvironments. In “Deacon, H J, Hendey, Q B and Lambrechts, J J N (eds). Fynbos 

palaeoecology: a preliminary synthesis. South African National Scientific Programmes 

Report no. 75, Pretoria 

Fortuin, M. Woodford, A, Rosewarne, P N & Low, A B (2004). Identification and 

prioritisation of type areas for detailed omission, Pretoria 

Goldblatt, P (1978). An analysis of the flora of southern Africa: its characteristics, 

relationships and origins. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 65: 369 - 436 

Goldblatt, P. & Manning, J. 2000. Cape plants: a conspectus of the Cape flora of South 

Africa. Strelitzia 9: 1 – 743 

Good, R (1974). The geography of flowering plants. London: Longmans 

Gresse, P G & Theron, J N (1992). The geology of the Worcester area and 1:250 000 

sheet. Geological Survey, Pretoria 

Helme, N (2003). Draft botanical report for the Slanghoek Valley Area Wide Plan. Nick 

Helme Botanical Surveys, Scarborough 

Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996a. Red Data list of southern African plants. Strelitzia 4: 1 - 117 

91 




Hilton-Taylor, C. 1996b. Red data list of southern African plants. 1. Corrections and 

additions. Bothalia 26(2): 177 - 182 

Hilton-Taylor, C. 1997. Red Data list of southern African plants. 2 Corrections and 

additions. Bothalia 27(2): 195 - 209. 

Jarman, M L (1986). A description of the fynbos biome project intensive study site at Pella. 

FRD Occasional report no. 33, CSIR, Pretoria 

Local Government: Municipal Services Act (Act 32 of 2000). Government Printer, Pretoria 

Lombaard, D (2005). Witzenberg Spatial Development Framework: overall framework. 

Enviro Dinamik, Durbanville 

Low, A B (1980). Preliminary observations on specialized root morphologies in plants of the 

western Cape Province. South African Journal of Science 76: 513 – 516 

Low, A B (2000). Structure plan for mining: plantlife and conservation. Coastec, 

Rondebosch 

Low, A B (2003). Environmental impacts of large-scale groundwater development in the 

TMG aquifer: identification of ecologically important zones. Coastec, Rondebosch 

Low, A B (2004a). Biodiversity and conservation priorities in the Cape West Coast 

Biosphere Reserve. Coastec, Rondebosch 

Low, A B (2004b). Quaggaskloof (Riverside) development: specialist botanical and 

ecological sensitivity study. Coastec, Rondebosch 

Low, A B & Bristow, J W (1983). X-ray fluorescence spectrometry - a useful tool in the 

chemical characterization of soils. South African Journal of Science 79: 52 – 55 

Low, A B & Pond, U (2001a). Big Bay development: specialist environmental sensitivity and 

botanical study. Coastec, Rondebosch 

Low, A B & Pond, U (2001b). Proposed expansion of Portnet iron ore handling facility in 

Saldanha: specialist vegetation study. Coastec, Rondebosch 

Low, A B & Pond, U (2002). Botanical assessment of the Springfontein wetland, Stanford. 

Coastec, Rondebosch 

Low, A B & Pond, U (2003). Sandveld preliminary reserve determination: botanical 

component. Coastec, Rondebosch 

Low, A B & Pond, U (2005). Erf 2 Gordon’s Bay contextual analysis: botany. Coastec, 

Rondebosch 

Mucina, L, Rutherford, M C & Powrie, L (eds.) (2005). Vegetation map of South Africa, 

Lesotho and Swaziland: an illustrated guide. South African National Biodiversity Institute, 

Pretoria 

92 




National Biodiversity Act (Act 10 of 2004). Government Printer, Pretoria 

National Environmental Management Act (Act 107 of 1998). Government Printer, Pretoria 

Rouget, M, Reyers, B, Jonas, Z, Desmet, P, Driver, A, Maze, K, Egoh, B & Cowling, R M 

(2004). South African National Spatial Biodiversity Assessment 2004: Technical Report. 

Volume 1: Terrestrial Component. Pretoria: South African National Biodiversity Institute 

SaSFlora (1998 – 2005). Site & species database for the Cape and Karoo floras. Coastec, 

Rondebosch 

Tankard, A J, Jackson, M P A, Eriksson, K A, Hobday, D K, Hunter, D R & Minter, W E L 

(1982). Crustal evolution of southern Africa: 3.8 billion years of earth history. New York: 

Springer-Verlag 

Visser, H N & Theron, J N (1973). Clanwilliam 1:250 000 geology sheet and explanation. 

Geological Survey, Pretoria 

Von Hase, A, Rouget, M, Maze, K & Helme, N (2004). A fine-scale plan for Cape lowlands 

renosterveld: technical report. Botanical Society of South Africa, Claremont. 

93 




11. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

Ann MacGregor, Lucille Krige. Mark Liddell, Roger Diamond, Kris Promas and Gene 

Guthrie all provided invaluable assistance and companionship in the field 

To the staff of the Compton Herbarium, and to Cornelia Klak and Els Dorrat, for plant 

species identifications 

Mike Wallace of the Department of Agriculture at Elsenburg provided the rainfall data 

Dupre Lombaard facilitated certain aspects of the study and provided a valuable link with 

the Witzenberg Municipality 

Several farmers were most co-operative and helpful, providing information on local natural 

areas 

To the various specialists who contributed information at the workshop held in November 

2004. 

94 




“Ek het vir my ‘n tuintjie geplant 

waar dankies weelderig groei 

Waar kan-ek-help en kom-tog-weer 

en aag-dis-niks-nie bloei 

‘n Bossie bly-om-jou-te-sien 

‘n boompie laat-my-toe 

En rye sit-tog-maars is daar 

en ag-ek-wys-jou-hoe 

Ekskuus groei geil daar in my tuin 

en laggies kol op kol 

Daars plate en plate assebliefs 

en soentjies beddings vol 

Dan vra jy waarom in my tuin 

daar soveel mooi goedjies groei 

Dan se ek: kyk dis omdat 

daar die liefde-stroompie vloei” 

Author unknown 

(Poem supplied by Daphne van Zyl, Sterkstroom Farm) 

95 




APPENDIX 1 

Vegetation plot data for the Witzenberg SDF 

96 




APPENDIX 2 

Flora list – composite terrestrial 

97 




APPENDIX 3 

Flora list – composite wetland 

98 




APPENDIX 4 

Flora lists – individual sites 

99 




APPENDIX 5 

Expert mapping workshop 

100 



N 

W 

E 

S 



Ceres Valley 


0 30 60 Kilometers 

Figure 1. Locality map showing Witzenberg Municipality boundary

Figure 2. Witzenberg SDF: location of study sites 

N 

# 

34 

# 

# # 

8 # ô 

# 

18 

1 

2 

3 

# 

7 

19 

## 

# 

# 

Ceres 

# 

# 


Valley 


Upper Breede River Valley 

# 

29 

Witzenberg SDF rivers and streams 

# 

28 

Witzenberg SDF wetlands 

# 

12 

# 

# 

20 

21 

Witzenbeg SDF boundary 

# 

13 

33 

25 

# 

# 

# # # 

# 

## # 

# 

10 

9 

11 

# 

# 

# # 

32 

6 

# 

5 

# 

26 

ô 4 

# # ## 

27 

# 

30 

# 

31 

# 

17 

# 

16 

14 23 

# # # 

22 1524 

0 9 18 Kilometers

Figure 3. Witzenberg SDF: rainfall. 

Information supplied by the Department of Agriculture 

Rainfall (mm per annum) 

300 - 400 

400 - 500 

500 - 600 

600 - 700 

700 - 800 

800 - 900 

900 - 1000 

1000 - 3200 

Witzenberg SDF boundary 

N

Figure 4. Topography of the Witzenberg SDF. 

Information supplied by the Department of Agriculture 

Witz_sdf_boundary_degr.shp 

Meters Witzenberg above sdf sea relief.shp level 

0 - 200 

200 - 500 

500 - 800 

800 - 1200 

1200 - 1600 

1600 - 2100 

N 

0 9 18 Kilometers

Figure 5. Witzenberg SDF: rivers & wetlands 

N 

Leeurivier Vlei 

Disselfontein Vlei 

Kromfontein Vlei 

De Keur Vlei 

Boplaas Vlei 

Eikenhof 

Eikenhof 

Vlei 

vlei 

De Groenes De Fontein Groenes vlei Fontein Vlei 

Modder Rivier Vlei 


Rivers 

Wetlands 

Verrekyker Vlei 

Zuurberg Vlei 

Kleineberg Vlei 

0 10 20 Kilometers

Figure 6. Witzenberg SDF: geology 

Information supplied by the Department of Geoscience 

ALLUVIUM 

CAPE SUPERGROUP 

WITTEBERG GROUP 

BOKKEVELD GROUP 

TABLE MOUNTAIN GROUP 

Piekenierskloof Formation 

Pakhuis Formation 

Cedarberg Formation 

Cedarberg/Pakhuis Formations 

Peninsula Formation 

Nardouw Formation 

MALMESBURY GROUP 


N 

0 9 18 Kilometers

N 

W 

E 

S 

Valley 

Montane 

0 30 60 Kilometers 

Figure 7. Witzenberg SDF: simplified original montane and valley vegetation

FYNBOS BIOME 

Mountain fynbos on sandstone 

Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos 

Hawequas Sandstone Fynbos 

Olifants Sandstone Fynbos 

North Hex Sandstone Fynbos 

Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos 

South Hex Sandstone Fynbos 

Western Altimontane Sandstone Fynbos 

Mountain fynbos on shale 

Northern Shale Band Vegetation 

Western Coastal Shale Band Vegetation 

Valley fynbos on shale 

Breede Shale Fynbos 

Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos 

Valley fynbos on alluvium 

Breede Alluvium Fynbos 

Ceres Alluvium Fynbos 

Swartland Alluvium Fynbos 

Valley renosterveld on shale 

Breede Shale Renosterveld 

Ceres Shale Renosterveld 

Swartland Shale Renosterveld 

N 

W 

E 

S 

Figure 8. Witzenberg SDF: original and remnant natural vegetation. Note: white denotes transformed areas, mainly agriculture

Site 2a 

Site 4 

Site 6 

Figure 9 . Witzenberg SDF: Shale Fynbos 

vegetation.. Study sites as per Table 1 

Site 7 

Site 9 

2a 

19c 

7 

Site 11 

Site12 

12 

20 21 

Site 16 

Site 16 

25 

9 

11 

6 

4 

16 

Site 19c Site 20 

Site 21 

Site 25

Site 1 

Site 3 

Site 8 

Site 13a 

Site 14 

Site 15 

Site 18 

1 

3 

8 

34 

18 

Site 28 

29 

Site 30 

28 

Site 29 

32 

Figure 10. 

Witzenberg SDF: 

Alluvium Fynbos 

vegetation. Study 

sites as per Table 1 

13a 

Site 31 

Site 32 

30 

31 

Site 34 

14 15

Site 5 

Site 19b 

Site 27 

19b 

Site 33 

33 

5 

27 

27 

Figure 11. Witzenberg SDF study sites: Shale Renosterveld vegetation. 

Study sites as per Table 1

1,800 

Transect 1: KOUEBOKKEVELD VALLEY 

1,800 

Transect 3: BREEDE RIVER VALLEY (1) & AGTER WITZENBERG VALLEY 

1,600 

1,600 

1,400 

1,400 

1,200 

1,200 

Altitude (m) 

1,000 

800 

Altitude (m) 

1,000 

800 

600 

600 

400 

NShV 

400 

NShV 

200 

200 

OSF 

NShV WSF CAlF KShF CSF 

WSF BShF BShR 

BShF 

WSF 

KShF 

WSF 

0 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 

Distance (km) 

0 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 

Distance (km) 

1,800 

Transect 2: CERES VALLEY 

1,800 

Transect 4: BREEDE RIVER VALLEY (2) 

1,600 

1,600 

1,400 

1,400 

1,200 

1,200 

Altitude (m) 

1,000 

800 

Altitude (m) 

1,000 

800 

600 

600 

400 

400 

NShV 

200 

WSF CShR KShF 

0 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 

Distance (km) 

1 

WCShV 

200 

SAlF 

HSF 

BShR BAlF BShF WSF 

CShR 

HSF 

WSF 

0 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 

Distance (km) 

Transect lines 

CSF Cederberg Sandstone Fynbos 

HSF Hawequas Sandstone Fynbos 

OSF Olifants Sandstone Fynbos 

WSF Winterhoek Sandstone Fynbos 

SHSF South Hex Sandstone Fynbos 

BShF Breede Shale Fynbos 

KShF Kouebokkeveld Shale Fynbos 

NShV Northern Shale Band Vegetation 

WCShV Western Coastal Shale Band Vegetation 

BAlF Breede Alluvium Fynbos 

CAlF Ceres Alluvium Fynbos 

SAlF Swartland Alluvium Fynbos 

CShR Ceres Shale Renosterveld 

BShR Breede Shale Renosterveld 

3 

4 

2 

Altitude (m) 

1,800 

1,600 

1,400 

1,200 

1,000 

800 

600 

400 

Transect 5: BREEDE RIVER VALLEY (3) 

200 

Figure 12. Witzenberg SDF: cross sections of the four valleys in the study area 

(Vegetation types after Mucina et al 2005) 

5 

HSF BAlF BShF HSF BAlF BShF SHSF 

0 

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 

Distance (km)

Koue Bokkeveld Valley: View E – W from site 7, Rietfontein, with 

Kouebokkeveld mountains 

Agter Witzenberg Valley: View S - N from site 11, Wakkerstroom, with 

Witzenberg (left) and Skurweberg (right) 

Ceres Valley: View N – S from site 6, Gydo Pass, with Hex River mountains 

in the background 

Figure 13. Witzenberg SDF: Location of valley transects 

Breede River Valley: Aerial view N – S with Waaihoekberge (left) and 

Badsberg (right). Site 31, De Breederivier and 14 & 15, Wyserdrif

INCREASING SOIL MOISTURE 

Fynbos on shale/alluvial clay 

8B 8C 

8B 

24 8B 

17 

24 

17 17 17 12 

1216 8E 

16 

16 

8C 

16 16 8B 

7A 328C 

12 

32 32 

15 15 

4B 17 

15 15 

15 15 23 13A 

1717 

20 

Fynbos on alluvial sand 

20 

8E 

8B 

7A 

11A 

4B 12 4B 

21 6C 

8E 

2A 

21 21 11A 1 

13A 13A 4B 

A 1 9 2A 

21 

8E 

13A 13A 4B 4B 

19C 19C 

177B 

11A 11A 

6B11A 

99 

6C 

2A 7A 2A 6A 

19C 7A 6A 7A 7B 

7B 7B7B 

33 

4A19A 

7B 

33 19A 

33 33 4A 

5 5 

33 

19A 

19B 19B 

19B 

5 4A 

533 

Renosterveld on shale 

8C 

8C 

8C 

8B 

8B 

Figure 14a. Sites. For explanation of site numbers see Table 1 

8C 

Ac Ac As 

Ac 

As 

Ac 

Sh Ac 

Sh 

As 

Sh Sh 

Sh 

Sh 

Sh Sl 

Ac Ac 

Sh Sl Sl 

Ac 

Ac 

Ac Ac 

As 

AcAc 

As Ac 

Sh Ac Ac 

As 

As 

Sh Sh 

Sh 

SsShSh 

As 

As 

Sh Ss 

Ac Ac 

Sh 

Ac Sh 

Sh 

Ss Sh As 

Sh 

ShAs 

Ac 

AcSh 

Sh 

Ac Sh Ss Sh Sh Sh As Sh 

Sh Sh As 

Sh 

Sh 

Sh 

Sh 

Sh 

Ss Sh 

Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh 

Sh 

Sh Ss 

Ss Ss 

Sh Sh Sh 

Sh 

Sh 

ShSh 

Sh 

Sh 

Sh Sh 

Sh Sh 

Sh Sh 

As 

As 

As 

As 

As As 

As 

As As 

Figure 14b. Substrate. Ac = alluvial clay; As = alluvial sand; 

Sh = shale; Sl = laterite on shale; Ss = sandstone band in shale 

B B 

B B B 

B 

B 

B 

B B 

B B 

B 

B B 

B B A K 

B B 

B 

B B C C K 

A 

AA C 

C K 

B 

C CCK 

B 

C 

KK K C 

A A 

AK 

K A 

AK 

K B 

KK K C A C 

C 

A C 

K C 

B 

K K 

B B 

K 

C K K 

C C 

B 

BC 

K K 

C C K K 

C 

K 

C 

K 

K 

K 

K 

K 

K 

K 

K 

K 

K 

K 

K 

K 

K 

Figure 14c. Valleys. A = Agter Witzenberg; B = Upper 

Breede River; C = Ceres; K = Koue Bokkeveld 

Figure 14. MDS analysis of terrestrial vegetation 

in the Witzenberg SDF showing trends 

in plant communities

RAINFALL 

18 

18 

2828 

18 

18 18 

18 18 

3 3 

18 

3 

18 18 

2828 

18 

8F 8F 

3 

28 

28 

8F 

3 8F 

278F 

8F 

28 

8F 3 

10B 10B 

27 

28 

10B 

8F 

3 

8F 

27 

8F 2828 

27 27 

3 

2727 

27 3 

10B 27 

14 3 14 14 14 14 14 

26 26 25 

25 

10B 

14 30 30 25 

26 

2725 25 

25 25 27 27 

14 

14 

26 

14 

3 

30 

26 

27 

26 

25 

3 27 27 27 

27 

27 25 

26 

25 25 14 

26 

14 

27 25 

14 

As As As 

ShSh 

As 

Sh 

AsAs 

As 

As 

Sh 

As 

As 

As 

Sh Sh 

As 

Sh As As 

As 

As 

Sh 

Sh 

Sh Sh 

Sh 

As As 

Sh As 

AsAs 

Sh 

Sh Sh 

Sh 

Sh 

Sh 

Sh Sh Sh Ac Ac 

Ac Ac 

Sh Sh Sh 

Sh 

Sh 

Ac Sh 

Sh 

Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Ac 

Sh 

Sh Sh 

ShAc 

Sh 

Sh Sh Sh Sh 

Sh 

Sh 

Sh 

Sh Sh Ac 

Sh Sh Sh 

Ac 

Ac 

As 

As 

As 

As 

As As 

As 

15a. Sites. For explanation of site numbers see Table 1 

15b. Substrate. Ac = alluvial clay; As = alluvial sand; Sh = shale 

K 

C 

C 

C 

C 

C 

K 

C 

C 

C 

CC 

K 

K 

K K 

K K A 

A 

C B 

K 

BK A 

C A C 

K K 

C C 

A A 

C A 

K K 

K K 

K K 

KK 

K 

C K A A K 

K 

C K 

K 

K 

C 

K K 

KB C 

BK 

AA CC KB 

BB B B 

B B B 

A A 

A A 

C 

B 

B 

C C C 

C 

A B 

A 

B 

B 

15c. Valleys. A = Agter Witzenberg; B = Upper Breede River; 

C = Ceres; K = Koue Bokkeveld 

K 

K K 

K 

K 

K K 

K Figure 15. MDS analysis of wetland vegetation in 

the Witzenberg SDF showing trends in 

plant communities

N 

W 

E 

S 

CERES VALLEY 

flats 

slopes 

BREEDE RIVER VALLEY 

flats 

slopes 

KOUEBOKKEVELD VALLEY 

flats 

slopes 

AGTER WITZENBERG VALLEY 

flats 

slopes 

Figure 16. Witzenberg SDF: separation of valleys into flats and slopes

Ixia dubia 

Leucadendron rubrum 

Albuca aurea 

Felicia filifolia 

Protea laurifolia 

Tylecodon paniculatus 

Ornithogalum dubium 

Satyrium coriifolium 

Tritonia crispa 

Brunsvigia bosmaniae 

Erica cerinthoides 

Gladiolus liliaceus 

Gazania rigida 

Ornithogalum fimbrimarginatum 

Ixia viridiflora 

Lampranthus lunulatus 

Babiana villosa 

Otholobium spissum Moraea cookii Ixia odorata 

Figure 17 

Witzenberg SDF: dryland flora

Left - overs

Spatalla caudata 

Leucadendron sericeum 

Aponogeton angustifolius 

Kniphofia uvaria 

Carpha glomerata 

Onixotis stricta 

Drosera capensis 

Figure 18 

Witzenberg SDF: wetland 

and related flora 

Watsonia meriana 

Leucadendron chamelaea

Figure19. Witzenberg SDF: Floristic analysis of local terrestrial floras. For explanation of site numbers see Table 1. 

* Partly laterised; ** sandstone band in shale. 

ALLUVIAL CLAY 

ALLUVIAL CLAY 

HIGH 

RAINFALL 

ALLUVIAL SAND 

SHALE 

13B 

16 

17 

17 

11A 

15 

15 

12 

6A 

31 21 

31 

13A 7A 2A 

7B 

* 

32 

9 

1 

8A 

8B 

8C 

8D 

8E 

MODERATE 

RAINFALL 

33 

4B 

5 

4A 

19B 

** 

19C 

SHALE 

Similarity 

----- 20% 

_____ 35%

Figure 20. MDS analysis of Witzenberg terrestrial flora: regional. For site abbreviations see Table 4. 

*Narrow sandstone band in shale; **alluvial sand over shale; (x) incomplete flora lists 

16 

QST* 

14 

15 

QSH 

QAS** 

ALLUVIAL SAND 

12 

NC 

SHALE / ALLUVIAL CLAY 

PB 

13 

21 B-SH 

4 B-AC 

C-SH 20 

10 

K-ST* 11 1 

5 

K-SH A-SH 

GW 

K-AS** 9 

3 

C-AS** 

17 

18 

SAS(X) 

SST(X) 

19 

SB 

JH 

6 

7 

KB 

2 

Similarity 

------ 15% 

______ 35% 

CG 

SANDSTONE 

8 

KG

High 

ALTITUDE / RAINFALL 

24 

Low to moderate 

2 

7 

11 

6 

SANDVELD 

LOWLANDS 

SL 

CAPE WEST 

COAST 16 

10 

4 

8 

14 

CF 

13 

21 

2 

17 

SANDVELD 

UPLAND 

STEENBOKSBERG 

1 PIKETBERG 

26 BREEDE RIVER / 

B SLANGHOEK 

32 

K 

UPPER 

BERG 

1 

RIVER 

29 

KOUE 

BOKKEVELD 

VALLEY 

27 

3 

SAND 

MONTANE HIGH 

ALTITUDE 

WETLAND 

2 

5 

CAPE 

FLATS 

31 

30 K 

AGTER 

WITZENBERG 

VALLEY 

BREEDE RIVER 

VALLEY 

K 

33 

CLAY 

Similarity 

------- 10% 

_______ 20% 

Figure 21. MDS analysis of Witzenberg SDF and regional wetland floras. Valleys of the study area =

Site irreplaceability 

CAPE study 

(after Cowling et al., 1999) 

Site Irreplaceability 

Irreplaceability = 0 

0-20% 

20-40% 

40-60% 

60-80% 

80-100% 

100% (Totally Irreplaceable) 


TMG aquifer study 

(after Low, 2003) 


0 - 20% 

>20 - 40& 

>40 - 60% 

>60 - 80% 

>80 -100% 


Nature Reserves 


Figure 22. Witzenber SDF: Ecological importance in the Cape Floristic Region

FIGURE 23. CONSERVATION STATUS OF SANDSTONE FYNBOS VEGETATION TYPES IN THE CAPE 

FLORISTIC REGION AND WITZENBERG SDF 

300000 

250000 

CFR 

Conserved Remaining Original 

200000 

HECTARES 

150000 

100000 

WSDF 

50000 

0 

Cederberg Sandstone 

Fynbos 

VEGETATION TYPE 

Winterhoek Sandstone 

Fynbos

f) Environmental vs. socio-economic balance 

j) Alien infestation k) Burning of senescent veld 

Figure 28. Witzenberg SDF: impacts 

g) Destruction of threatened habitat 

a) Ecosystem fragmentation 

l) Township development in threatened habitat 

h) Tilling of virgin land 

m) Dongas/runoff 

) Inappropritate agricultural expansion 

) Intensive agriculture 

c) Illegal dumping 

e) Quarries 

n) Drainage of wetland 

i) Wood collection 

o) Inappropriate fire management

Upper Leeurivier 

(Schoongezicht/Waboomsrivier & environs (Sites 8, 3) 

Heldersig & environs (Site19) 

Wadrif wetland (Site 28) 

Wakkerstroom/Opdrag/Slagboom wetlands 

& environs (Sites 11, 9 , 10) 

Prince Alfred Hamlet Commonage/ 

Gydoberg & environs (Site 32) 

De Heuwel (Site 13) 

Romansrivier (Site 30) 

De Breede River & environs (Site 31) 

Wyserdrif wetland (Site 14) 

Figure 29. Witzenberg SDF: Priority areas for conservation planning

APPENDIX 1. WITZENBERG SDF – VEGETATION – RAW PLOT DATA 

Site Site 1 Site 2 Sites 8B & C Sites 7A & B Site 8E & F Site 19A Site 19B Site 11A Site 9B Site 10B Site 20 Site 21 Site 25 Site 6A Site 6B Site 6C Site 3 Site 22 

Site 14 Site 15 Site 23 Site 24 Site 17 Site 12 Site 13A Site 4A&B Site 5 Site 26 Site 27 Site 16 Site 19C Site 18 Site 28 Site 32 Site 30 Site 33 

Valley K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A K K K K K K K K K A A A A A A A A A A A A A A C C C C C C C C K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C B B B B B B B K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K K C C C C B B B B B B B B B 

Substrate As As As As Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh As As As As As As As As As As As As As Ss Ss Ss Sh Sh Ss Ss Sh Sh Sh Sh As As As As As As As As As As As As As As Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sl Sl Sl Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh As As As As As As As As As As As Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Sh Sh Sh Sh Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Ss Ss Ss As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As As Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh Sh 

Plot numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122123124125126127128129130131132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 256 257 258 259 260 261 262 263 264 265 266 

Species 

Protea repens 3 3 2 2 1 3 4 4 4 2 2 4 4 4 3 1 + 1 1 3 2 3 4 1 2 

1 3 3 1 + 1 

Cliffortia ruscifolia 2 1 2 3 2 1 3 + 3 3 4 1 + 2 + 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 2 3 2 2 2 2 + 

2 1 + + + + + 1 1 + + + 

Leucadendron salignum 2 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 4 3 + + 1 1 1 2 1 1 + 1 2 1 1 + 1 2 + 

4 3 2 2 2 2 1 + 2 3 X + + + + 3 3 

Dicerothamnus rhinocerotis 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 + 1 3 2 1 + 2 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 + + + 2 2 2 + 1 + + + 1 3 2 + 1 

2 1+ + + 1 2+ 1+ 1+ 3 4 3 1+ 2 2 + + 1+ 2 

Seriphium plumosum 1 3 2 4 3 + + 1 2 2 + 2 3 1 2 3 2 + 1 1 2 3 2 2 1 2 + + + 1 1 + + 2 

3 4 2 2 + + + + 1 1 1 1 1 

Restio filiformis 1 + + 1 + + 2 2 2 2 + + 

1 

cf. Stipagrostis zeyheri + + + + + 1 + 1 1 2 + 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 1 3 + + + 1 + 1 + + + + + + + + + + 

1 2 

Ischyrolepis unispicata 1 + 1 1 + + 

+ + X 

Thamnochortus schlechteri 1 + 3 + + + 

1 + 1 1 

Athanasia trifurcata + + + 1 + + + 2 + 1 1 1 + + + + + 

+ + + 1 

Metalasia densa + 1 

1 1 4 1 1 3 4 X + 3 + 1 3 4 2 2 + 1 + 1 2 1 

Tetraria ustulata + 1 1+ 1 

1 + + 

Tribolium uniolae + 1 + + 

+ + + + + + + + + + + 1 1 

Leucadendron rubrum + 

2 2 1 

Ehrharta calycina 1 + + + 

+ + 1+ + + + + 1+ 

Leucadendron sericeum 1 4 5 4 2 2 1 

Helichrysum indicum + + 

Nylandtia spinosa 

X 

+ + 1 1 1 

Protea nitida 3 3 3 4 4 3 2 X 3 4 3 3 3 3 3 

4 3 3 3 4 4 3 4 2 3 + 3 X 

Clutia alaternoides + + 1 + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + r 

+ 

Merxmuellera stricta + + 

2 2 1 1 1 1 

Montinia caryophyllacea + 3 1 2 3 1 + 2 1+ 1 1+ 1 1+ 1 + 

2+ 1 1 1 1 2 + + + 1+ X 1+ + + + 1+ 1+ 2 1 X 1 + + + + + 1 

Helichrysum cylindrifolium + + + + + + + 1 1 2 3 3 + + + 

+ + + + 1 + + r 

Pelargonium trifoliatum 

r 

Chrysocoma oblongifolia + + + + 2 

+ + + + + + + 1 + 

Myrovernix intricata 2 1 + 2 2 1 1 3 1 

Felicia filifolia + 1 1 2 2 2 

+ + + + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 2 2 1 

Protea laurifolia 3 3 + 5 3 4 3 2 3 3 3 + 1 3 4 4 3 

3 3 3 4 3 3 + X X 4 3 4 3 2 

Metalasia densa 2 

Leysera gnaphalodes + 

Eriocephalus cf. africanus 1 + 2 1 1 

1 1 1 + + + 1+ 1+ 1 + 1+ + + 1 1 + 1 3 3 2 3 1 

Oedera squarrosa + 1X 

+ 2 + + 1 3 + 2 1 + 

Themeda triandra + 1 1 2 + + 

+ + 

Erica argentea 3 3 4 

Willdenowia sp. ABL 9876 3 2 

Spatalla caudata 1 4 4 3 3 2 2 

Leucadendron chamelaea 1 1 3 3 4 3 2 3 

4 3 

Diosma acmaeophylla 

1 2 1 1 

Staberoha distachyos + 2 1 1 + + + + 

+ 1 2 2 2 

Ursinia pinnata 

1 

Stoebe fusca 

1 

Senecio pubigerus 

+ + + 

Pelargonium sp. ABL 10912 

r r 

Microdon cf. dubius 

+ 

Leucadendron corymbosum 

3 4 4 

Relhania fruticosa 

2 1 2 

[*Briza maxima] 

+ + + 

Calopsis vimimea 

+ + 

Roella sp. ABL 10907 

1 

Muraltia divaricata 

+ 

Elegia vaginulata 

+ 

Restionaceae sp. ABL 9110 

2 

Lampranthus filicaulis 

+ 

Phylica oleaefolia 

4 3 3 X 

Restionaceae sp. abl 9877 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 + 1 1 

Aristida junciformis 1 1 + + 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 

4 5 4 5 

Restio sp. ABL 9244 1 2 2 

Pelargonium coronopifolium + r 

Elegia filacea 2 1 2 3 1 + + 

1 2 1 1 

Stoebe capitata + 1 + 

Erepsia gracilis + 

+ + + + 

Gnidia juniperifolia + 2 1 

Aristea dichotoma 1 1 

Erica muscosa + 

Cymbopogon marginatus + + + + + 

+ 1 + + 

Hermannia cf. cuneifolia 

+ 

Restionaceae sp. ABL 9252 1 1 + 2 

Ischyrolepis capensis + 1 1 1 1 1 1 + + 

+ + + + + + 1 1 + + + + + + + 2 1 + + + + + + + + + + 

Anthospermum cf. spathulatum 1 2 2 + + 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 + 1 1 + + + + + 

+ + + + + 1 + 

Lampranthus argenteus 

+ + 1 

Euphorbia arceuthobioides 

1 

Rhus laevigata 

X 

Aspalathus sp. ABL 10876 

+ 

Willdenowia sp. ABL 9861 1+ + 

Salvia albicaulis + r + + + 

Phylica odorata + 

Cannomois parviflora + 1 1+ 1+ + 

Prismatocarpus fruticosus + + + + 

+ + + 

Myrovernix glandulosus + + 1 1 1 + 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 + 1 + + 2 + + 1 

Restionaceae sp. ABL 9859 + + + 

Ehrharta thunbergii + + + + 

1 + + + + 1 + + + 

Pentaschistis eriostoma + 1 + + 

+ 

Heliophila scoparia r + + + 

+ 

Restionaceae sp. ABL 9860 2 2 

Asparagus cf. rubicundus + 1 

+ 

Diospyros glabra 1 1+ + 

1 

Pentaschistis aurea subsp. aurea + + 

Lichtensteinia trifida + + 

+ 

Euphorbia genistoides + + + 

Diosma hirsuta + + + 

+ 

Wahlenbergia rubioides + 

Helichrysum dasyanthum + 1 

Corymbium cf. africanum + 

Tetraria exilis + 

+ + 1 + 

Selago perplexa + 

Erica sphaerocephala + 1 4 4 3 3 1 1 + 

1 2 

Aspalathus cf. divaricata + 

Tetaria ferruginea 1 

Elegia cf. asperiflora 1X 4 4 1+ 1 3 

Ischyrolepis wallichii 1 + 5 4 1 1 2 3 

Leptochloa fusca + 

Juncus lomatophyllus 

r 

5 5 3 4 + + 1 2 + + + 1 2 + 

Pennisetum macrourum + 1 5 4 + + 5 4 2 2 3 4 5 5 

+ 1 1 1 + 3 4 5 4 1 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 3 

Micranthus junceus 1 1 1 

Juncus oxycarpus + 2 2 4 4 1 + 3 4 3 4 + 4 4 3 + + 1 + 

1+ 2 1+ + + + 

Centella cf. asiatica 3 4 + 

Agrostis polypogonoides + 

Euphorbia inaequilatera + + 1 

Juncus punctorius 2 1 

+ + 1 + 1 

Helichrysum WZ52/1 1 1 3 

Aspalathus cf. acuminata 2 

2 1 1 1 + 

Pteronia incana + 1 

4 4 1 2 3 2 1 4 2 4 

Drosanthemum calycinum + 1 

Erica pubescens 1 2 2 1 + 2 

Aristea cf. capitata + + + 

+ + + + + + 

Tetraria sp. WZ55/2 + + 3 + + + + + 2 

Ischyrolepis gaudichaudiana + + + + 

+ + + 3 2 2 1 1 + 2 

Anthospermum cf. aethiopicum + + + + + + 1 1 1 + + + 

+ + + + + + + + + 1 + + + 1 + + 1 + + + 1 + 2 + + + + 

Aristea sp. ABL 9894 + + + + + 

Selago corymbosa + + 

Serruria effusa 1+ + 

Cliffortia sericea 1 + 

Restionaceae sp. WZ60/1 + 

Asteraceae WZ60/2 + 

Rhus angustifolia 3 3 2 + 

2 1 3 + 

Helichrysum pandurifolium 1+ + + + 

+ 1 3 2 + 

Chironia baccifera 1+ 

+ + 

Podalyria sp. abl 9952 + + 1 + 

*Pinus cf. radiata + 1 

Rubus rigidus + 

+ 1 

Pelargonium multicaule + 

Restionaceae sp. ABL 9949 + 

Ursinia anthemoides 1 

Ehrharta cf. capensis + 

Asparagus sp. WZ77/1 + 

Cyperaceae sp. ABL 9926 + 

Erica bicolor 1 2 1 

Gnidia inconspicua + 

Aspalathus brevicarpa + 

Imperata cylindrica + 

Aspalathus arida 1 

Euryops abrotanifolius + + 

+ + 1+ + + 

Rhodocoma cf. capensis 3 3 

Leucadendron glaberrimum 2 2 

3 2 

*Paspalum urvillei + 

+ 3 3 

Eragrostis capensis + 1 

*Agrostis avenacea + + + + 1 

+ + + 

Erica bruniades + 

Eleocharis limosa + + 3 2 4 4 3 2 2 1 5 5 1 + 3 4 1 5 4 

4 5 5 5 1 2 1 2 2 

Typha capensis 3 4 

1 + + + 1 5 4 

Rumex crispus 1 1 + 

Puccinellia fasciculata 2 3 5 5 1 

Cliffortia strobilifera 4 5 

+ 4 4 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 

Juncus effusus 1+ 1+ 4 5 2 

1 5 5 3 5 1 2 + 1 1 1 

Juncus cf. kraussii 

1 

*Holcus lanatus + + 

*Plantago major + 

Chrysanthemoides monilifera + 1 

1 

Cannomois virgata + + 

+ + 1 2 

Corymbium villosum 2 3 

+ + + + 

Watsonia fourcadei + + 

Oftia africana + + 

Leucadendron rubrum + + + 1 

Aristea bracteata + 

Thesium strictum + + 

X + 1 3 + 

Ehrharta ramosa + + + + + 

Shrub sp. WZ 93/6 + + 

Thymelaeaceae sp. ABL 9844 + + + 

Aspalathus crenata 1 

+ + 

Aspalathus divaricata subsp. divaricata + 

1 1 + + 1 + 

Aspalathus desertorum + 

1+ + 1 2+ + + + 

Thesium sp. ABL 9847 + + 

Helichrysum hebelepis + 

+ + + + + 

Syncarpha staehelina + + 

Selago venosa + + + + 

Onixotis stricta 4 4 

*Paspalum sp. Tandfontein 1 1 + 1 + 5 5 + + 

*Alternanthera uliginosa 1 4 5 + + 

Schoenoplectus corymbosus 4 4 3 1 

Cyperus cf. thunbergii 1 3 5 

Eragrostis curvula 2+ 

+ 

Centella sp. Tandfontein 1 

*Acacia mearnsii 5 5 3 

*Chenopodium ambrosioides 1+ 

Persicaria decipiens + + + + 

4 5 

*Acacia longifolia 5 1 5 

*Sesbania punicea 1 2 4 + 

*Paspalum distichum + + 5 5 

Prionium serratum + 5 5 3 

5 5 5 

*Lavatera sp. Breede River + + + 

Salix mucronata 3 5 4 

4 5 

Eragrostis sarmentosa + 

Watsonia meriana 

3 4 2 3 + 1 1 1 + 

Ficinia indica 

1 1 + 1 + + 1 1+ 

Helichrysum foetidum 

1 X X X X 

Conyza scabrida 

1 1 3 4 

Imperata cylindrica 

2 1 

Cynodon dactylon 

1 1 2 3 1 2 

Cyperus fastigiatus 

+ 

Rafnia acuminata 

1 2 1 + 

Ehrharta sp. WZ149/2 

+ + + + + 

cf. Trichocephalus stipularis 

+ + + + + + 1 

Cyperaceae sp. ABL 9926 

+ + + + + 

Senecio paniculatus 

+ + 

Corymbium africanum subsp. scabridum 

+ + + + 

Zygophyllum fulvum 

+ + + 

cf. Pentaschistis airoides 

+ + + 

Leucospermum calligerum 

4 3 

Aristida diffusa 

1 + 

Passerina cf. corymbosa 

+ 1 2 + + + 1 

cf. Lachnospermum fasciculatum 

1 + 

Protea scorzonerifolia 

4 2 

Thesium subnudum 

+ + + X + X + 

Myrovernix gnaphaloides 

+ 2 3 2 3 + 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 

Struthiola cf. ciliata 

+ + + + + + 1 

Aspalathus sp. ABL 9957 

+ 

Willdenowia sp. WZ155/4 

+ 1 

Wahlenbergia sp. ABL (9959) 

Thamnochortus sporadicus 

+ 

+ + 

Poaceae sp. WZ157/3 

1 2 

Leucospermum vestitum 

4 3 + 3 2 

Protea burchellii 

Struthiola cf. ciliata 

1 2 4 

Cassytha ciliolata 

+ + 1 2 

Cliffortia teretifolia 

Stoebe aethiopica 

+ 1 1 1 1 + 

Pelargonium sp. ABL 9939 

+ + + 

Lampranthus pocockiae 

+ + + 

Aristea sp. ABL 9894 

+ 

Oedera cf. imbricata 

+ + + 

Dianthus bolusii 

+ + 

Heterolepis peduncularis 

+ 

Lobostemon sp. Witelsboom 

+ + 

Hermannia alnifolia 

+ 

Aspalathus cf. hispida 

+ + 

*Pinus cf. pinaster 

+ + 

Rhus tomentosa 

X + 1X + + 

Agathosma cf. betulina 

+ + + 

Lobostemon dorotheae 

1 2 + 

Aspalathus perfoliata subsp. perfoliata 

1+ + 1 1 1+ 1+ 

Restionaceae sp. WZ 167/2 

+ 

Pentaschistis aurea 

+ 

Mohria caffrorum 

1+ + 

Ficinia oligantha 

+ + + + 

Salvia chamelaeagnea 

+ 

Bobartia sp. Witzenberg SDF 

+ + + 

Tribolium hispidum 

+ X 

Hermannia hyssopifolia 

+ + 1 + + + 

Indigofrea sp. ABL 9901 

+ 

Erica calycina 

+ 

Maytenus oleoides 

1 

Cliffortia erectisepala 

X 

Rutaceae sp. ABL 9905 

1 

Podalyria sp. ABL 9463 

+ 

Heliophila scoparia 

+ 

Lampranthus montaguensis 

+ 

Phylica plumosa 

2 2 

Passerina truncata 

+ + 

Thymelaeaceae sp. WZ 172/1 

+ 1 + 1 2 2 3 1 3 

Muraltia cf. heisteria 

+ 

Phylica spicata 

+ + + + + 

Restionaceae sp. WZ 176/1 

2 

Acrosanthes teretifolia 

+ 

Drosanthemum hispidifolium 

+ + 

Salvia cf. africana-caerulea 

+ 

Dodonaea viscosa subsp. angustifolia 2 

+ 

Otholobium sp. ABL 9148 

3 1 

Poaceae sp. ABL 9832 

2 

Pentaschistis sp. ABL 9833 

+ 1 1 + 2 1 + + 

Ficinia sp. WZ180/2 

+ 

cf. Agathosma capensis 

+ + + 

Crassula tetragona subsp. tetragona 

+ + + 

Crassula sp. WZ182/1 

+ 

Clutia polifolia 

+ 

Aspalathus linearis 

+ 

Thymelaeaceae sp. ABL 9836 

+ + 

Lampranthus pakhuisensis 

+ 

Wiborgia cf. sericea 

+ 

Oedera genistifolia 

2 1 1 2 2 

Helichrysum hamulosum 

2 

Tylecodon paniculatum 

2 2 1 

cf. Aristida sp. WZ186/2 

+ 1 + X 

Asparagus capensis 

+ + 

Amphiglossa tomentosa 

+ 

cf. Pseudoschoenus inanis 

1 + 

Phragmites australis 

3 3 

Cotula coronopifolia 

1 1 + 3 1 3 

Polypogon viridis 

+ + 1 + + 1 1 1 

Isolepis prolifera 

2 + 1 2 3 2 2 2 1 + 2 

Juncus acutus 

1 2 + 1 1 + 1 2 + 3 2 

Senecio angustifolius 

4 3 

Cyperus sp. WZG4/6 

1 3 2 2 + 

Pseudognaphalium undulatum 

+ 

Zantedeschia aethiopica 

3 2 + + 

Cyperus cf. longus 

1 X X 

Anthospermum spathulatum subsp. spathulatum 

5 4 5 4 

Phylica excelsa subsp. papillosa 

3 3 1 2 1 1 1 

Heeria argentea 

1+ 1 

Erica lucida 

X X 

Otholobium cf. spissum 

1 

Pteronia camphorata var. armata 

+ 1 

Cliffortia dregeana 

1 

Pelargonium cf. scabrum 

X 

Ischyrolepis sieberi 

+ 

Ficinia nigrescens 

+ + + 

Erica curviflora 

+ + + 

Elegia capensis 

4 4 pen + 1 + + 

Watsonia angusta 

2 2 3 1 2 4 3 + + + + 4 3 + + 4 

Anthochortus ecklonii 

1 2 4 2 3 3 3 

Epischoenus gracilis 

2 1 1 1 1 3 

Laurembergia repens 

1 4 3 X + 2 3 3 3 X + 2 3 3 3 

Elegia glomerata 

+ + 1 

Restio miser 

3 2 1 + 1 + 

Psoralea sp. ABL 10738A 

1 3 

Erica bergiana 

3 4 3 4 

Senecio rigidus 

+ + 

Ischyrolepis rivula 

1 1 2 1 + 1 X 1 1 1 1 2 1 + 1 X 1 1 

Helichrysum rosum 

2 2 2 2 2 2 

Ficinia cf. nodosa 

+ 1 + + 1 + 

Carpha glomerata 

+ + 5 5 4 3 + + + + + 5 5 4 3 + + 

Thelypteris confluens 

3 2 5 5 1 + 3 2 5 5 1

APPENDIX 2. TERRESTRIAL (DRYLAND) PLANT SPECIES RECORDED FROM THE 

WITZENBERG SDF: COMPOSITE LIST 

PTERIDOPHYTA 

ANEMIACEAE 

Mohria 

caffrorum AWV, BRV, CV 

PTERIDACEAE 

Cheilanthes 

deltoidea CV, KBV 

hastata BRV, KBV 

GYMNOSPERMAE 

PINACEAE 

Pinus 

* pinaster BRV, CV 

* radiata AWV, BRV 

ANTHOPHYTA Class Dicotyledones 

AIZOACEAE 

Acrosanthes 

teretifolia BRV 

Galenia 

affinis CV 

africana BRV, CV, KBV 

Tetragonia 

arbuscula BRV 

spicata BRV 

AMARANTHACEAE 

Manochlamys 

albicans BRV 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Heeria 

argentea BRV 

Rhus 

angustifolia AWV, BRV, CV 

dissecta BRV 

glauca BRV 

laevigata BRV 

lucida BRV 

rosmarinifolia AWV, BRV 

scytophylla KBV 

tomentosa BRV, CV 

undulata 

BRV, CV, KBV 

APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Lichtensteinia 

trifida BRV, KBV 

Peucedanum 

galbanum BRV 





APOCYNACEAE 

Cynanchum 

africanum BRV 

Gomphocarpus 

cancellatus BRV, CV 

Microloma 

sagittatum BRV, CV, KBV 

tenuifolium BRV, CV, KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Amphiglossa 

tomentosa CV 

Arctotheca 

calendula BRV, CV, KBV 

Arctotis 

acaulis BRV, KBV 

verbascifolia KBV 

Athanasia 

pachycephala subsp. pachycephala BRV 

trifurcata AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Chrysanthemoides 

monilifera AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Chrysocoma 

cernua KBV 

oblongifolia AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Cineraria 

geifolia BRV 

Corymbium 

africanum subsp. scabridum BRV 

africanum subsp. scabridum var. scabridum 

villosum AWV, BRV, CV 

Cotula 

barbata CV 

macroglossa KBV 

turbinata AWV, BRV, KBV 

Cullumia 

ciliaris BRV 

Dicerothamnus 

rhinocerotis AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Dimorphotheca 

nudicaulis AWV, CV 

nudicaulis var. nudicaulis CV 

pluvialis BRV 

sinuata BRV 

Eriocephalus 

africanus AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

africanus var. africanus KBV 

Euryops 

abrotanifolius AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

othonnoides KBV 

thunbergii BRV 

Felicia 

filifolia AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

filifolia subsp. schaeferi KBV 

hispida BRV 

minima AWV, BRV, KBV 

tenella BRV 

AWV 

2 





Gazania 

rigida AWV, CV, KBV 

Gerbera 

crocea AWV 

Gnaphalium 

capense BRV, KBV 

Gorteria 

personata BRV, CV 

Gymnodiscus 

capillaris KBV 

Haplocarpha 

parvifolia KBV K 

Helichrysum 

cylindriflorum AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

dasyanthum AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

hamulosum CV 

hebelepis BRV, CV 

helianthemifolium AWV, KBV 

incarnatum CV R 

indicum KBV 

pandurifolium AWV, BRV, CV 

revolutum BRV, CV, KBV 

rosum BRV 

rutilans BRV 

teretifolium BRV 

tinctum AWV, KBV 

Heterolepis 

peduncularis BRV 

Hypochaeris 

* glabra KBV 

Lachnospermum 

fasciculatum BRV, CV 

Leysera 

gnaphalodes BRV, CV, KBV 

Metalasia 

densa AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

fastigiata KBV 

Myrovernix 

glandulosus AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

gnaphaloides BRV 

intricata CV, KBV 

Oedera 

genistifolia CV 

imbricata BRV 

sedifolia KBV 

squarrosa BRV, CV, KBV 

Osteospermum 

bidens KBV 

rigidum BRV 

Othonna 

auriculifolia CV, KBV 

heterophylla AWV, KBV 

lingua KBV 

parviflora CV 

pinnata BRV, CV, KBV 

3 





Plecostachys 

serpyllifolia CV 

Printzia 

polifolia BRV, CV 

Pseudognaphalium 

undulatum BRV 

Pteronia 

camphorata CV 

camphorata var. armata BRV, CV 

glabrata CV 

glauca CV 

incana BRV, CV, KBV 

Relhania 

fruticosa BRV 

relhanioides CV 

Senecio 

angustifolius AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

arenarius AWV, BRV, CV 

burchellii CV, KBV 

carroensis CV 

erosus AWV, KBV 

glutinosus BRV, KBV 

hastatus AWV, CV, KBV 

littoreus var. hispidulus BRV 

paarlensis KBV 

paniculatus BRV 

pinnulatus AWV, BRV, CV 

pubigerus CV 

rigidus AWV 

sp. nov. abl 10483 CV 

tuberosus AWV 

Seriphium 

plumosum AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

spirale KBV 

Stoebe 

aethiopica BRV 

capitata AWV, KBV 

fusca CV 

Syncarpha 

affinis KBV 

canescens KBV 

staehelina CV 

Tripteris 

clandestina BRV 

Ursinia 

anthemoides AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

anthemoides subsp. anthemoides AWV, BRV 

cakilefolia BRV, CV, KBV 

heterodonta BRV 

nudicaulis KBV 

paleacea BRV 

pinnata CV 

punctata CV 

rigidula BRV 

Zyrphelis 

pilosella AWV 

4 





BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

dorotheae AWV, BRV, CV 

echioides KBV 

fruticosus BRV 

trichotomus BRV, CV, KBV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

arenosa CV 

carnosa CV 

descurva CV, KBV 

digitata KBV 

linoides BRV 

macowaniana BRV, KBV 

pinnata KBV 

scoparia BRV, CV, KBV 

variabilis AWV, BRV, CV 

Raphanus 

* raphanistrum KBV 

BRUNIACEAE 

Brunia 

noduliflora AWV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

bulbosa BRV, KBV 

phyteuma AWV, BRV 

volubilis AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Lobelia 

capillifolia BRV, KBV 

coronopifolia KBV 

erinus AWV 

Prismatocarpus 

brevilobus AWV 

fruticosus AWV, BRV, KBV 

pedunculatus BRV, CV 

Wahlenbergia 

capensis BRV 

ecklonii CV, KBV 

paniculata CV 

rubioides KBV 

CARYOPHYLLACEAE 

Dianthus 

bolusii BRV 

Petrorhagia 

* prolifera KBV 

Silene 

burchellii var. angustifolia CV 

* gallica BRV, KBV 

undulata CV 

CELASTRACEAE 

Cassine 

schinoides BRV 

Maytenus 

oleoides BRV, CV 

CONVOLVULACEAE 

Convolvulus 

capensis BRV, CV 

5 





CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 

fascicularis AWV, BRV 

muscosa var. muscosa KBV 


orbicularis KBV 

pubescens subsp. pubescens CV 

simulans AWV, CV 

subulata var. subulata BRV 

tetragona subsp. tetragona CV 

Tylecodon 

paniculatus CV, KBV 

DIPSACACEAE 

Scabiosa 

columbaria BRV, KBV 

DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 

capensis KBV 

cistiflora AWV, BRV, KBV 

trinervia AWV, KBV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

austro-africana var. austro-africana 

glabra AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Euclea 

tomentosa 

BRV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

abietina subsp. aurantiaca AWV 

argentea KBV 

bicolor AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

bokkeveldia KBV 

bruniades AWV, CV 

calycina BRV 

caprina KBV 

cerinthoides BRV 

cristiflora AWV 

eremioides subsp. eremioides AWV 

inaequalis KBV 

inflata KBV 

lavandulifolia AWV 

longipedunculata KBV 

lucida AWV, BRV 

mammosa BRV, CV 

muscosa KBV 

nudiflora AWV 

paniculata BRV 

parilis AWV 

pubescens AWV, CV 

sphaerocephala CV, KBV 

verecunda KBV 

CV 

6 





EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

alaternoides AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

polifolia BRV, CV, KBV 

Euphorbia 

arceuthobioides BRV, CV 

erythrina AWV, BRV 

genistoides AWV, CV, KBV 

silenifolia BRV 

tuberosa AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

FABACEAE 

Acacia 

* longifolia BRV 

* mearnsii BRV 

* saligna BRV, CV 

Amphithalea 

cedarbergensis KBV 

muraltioides CV 

perplexa CV 

Argyrolobium 

argenteum CV 

Aspalathus 

acuminata CV, KBV 

acuminata subsp. acuminata BRV 

arida AWV 

arida subsp. procumbens BRV 

brevicarpa AWV, BRV 

ciliaris AWV 

crenata AWV, BRV, CV 

desertorum BRV, CV R 

divaricata KBV 

divaricata subsp. divaricata BRV, CV 

hispida BRV 

linearifolia BRV 

linearis AWV, CV 

muraltioides BRV 

nigra CV 

perfoliata subsp. perfoliata BRV 

rugosa CV 

sp. nov. abl 9296 AWV 

spinosa subsp. flavispina BRV 

tridentata subsp. staurantha BRV 

triquetra AWV, KBV 

villosa KBV 

vulnerans BRV 

willdenowiana BRV 

Dipogon 

lignosus BRV 

Hypocalyptus 

sophoroides BRV 

Indigofera 

digitata AWV, BRV, KBV 

procumbens 

Lebeckia 

multiflora 

CV 

CV 

7 





Lessertia 

frutescens CV 

microphylla CV 

Lotononis 

involucrata subsp. involucrata BRV 

Melolobium 

adenodes CV 

Ornithopus 

* sativus KBV 

Otholobium 

spissum BRV R 

virgatum BRV 

Podalyria 

cordata BRV R 

Rafnia 

acuminata BRV, CV 

capensis BRV 

ovata CV 

spicata AWV, KBV 

Vicia 

* benghalensis AWV, BRV 

Wiborgia 

sericea CV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Chironia 

baccifera AWV, BRV, CV 

Sebaea 

aurea AWV 

exacoides AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

schlechteri AWV 

GERANIACEAE 

Erodium 

* botrys CV 

Geranium 

canescens AWV 

Monsonia 

speciosa BRV 

Pelargonium 

articulatum CV 

carnosum KBV 

coronopifolium KBV 

multicaule AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

myrrhifolium BRV 

myrrhifolium var. myrrhifolium BRV, KBV 

ovale CV 

pinnatum BRV, CV 

rapaceum KBV 

scabroide CV, KBV 

scabrum BRV, CV 

tabulare AWV, BRV 

ternifolium CV, KBV 

triste BRV, CV, KBV 

LAMIACEAE 

Salvia 

africana-caerulea BRV, CV 

albicaulis AWV, BRV, KBV 

chamelaeagnea BRV 

8 





Stachys 

aethiopica BRV, CV 

LAURACEAE 

Cassytha 

ciliolata BRV 

MALVACEAE 

Anisodontea 

elegans CV 

Hermannia 

alnifolia BRV, CV 

althaeifolia KBV 

confusa BRV, CV 

cuneifolia var. cuneifolia KBV 

hyssopifolia BRV, CV 

multiflora BRV, CV 

MENISPERMACEAE 

Cissampelos 

capensis BRV 


Antimima 

microphylla KBV 

triquetra KBV 

verruculosa CV 

Carpanthea 

pomeridiana BRV 

Carpobrotus 

edulis CV 


curtophyllum BRV 

Cleretum 

papulosum CV 

Dorotheanthus 

bellidiformis subsp. bellidiformis 

Drosanthemum 

calycinum BRV, KBV 

glabrescens KBV 

globosum KBV 

hispifolium BRV Us 

Erepsia 

aspera BRV 

bracteata KBV 

gracilis BRV, CV, KBV 

Lampranthus 

diffusus CV 

dilutus BRV E(P) 

elegans CV, KBV Us(P) 

falcatus BRV, CV 

pakhuisensis CV 

pocockiae BRV 

sociorum BRV Us(P) 

staminodiosus KBV 

Phiambolia 

gydouwensis KBV 

Ruschiella 

argentea 

lunulata BRV 

BRV 

9 





MOLLUGINACEAE 

Adenogramma 

mollugo BRV, KBV 

Limeum 

africanum BRV 

Pharnaceum 

ciliare KBV 

elongatum CV, KBV 

microphyllum var. albens KBV 

Psammotropha 

anguina KBV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 

caryophyllacea AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

MYRSINACEAE 

Myrsine 

africana BRV, CV 

OLEACEAE 

Olea 

europaea subsp. africana BRV 

OROBANCHACEAE 

Hyobanche 

sanguinea BRV, CV, KBV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

commutata AWV, KBV 

livida BRV 

obtusa AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

pardalis KBV 

pes-caprae BRV 

purpurea AWV, BRV 

PLANTAGINACEAE 

Plantago 

* major CV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

alopecuroides KBV 

angulosa CV, KBV 

divaricata BRV, CV, KBV 

heisteria AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Nylandtia 

spinosa CV, KBV 

Polygala 

refracta AWV, KBV 

scabra BRV, KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 

acetosella subsp. angiocarpus AWV, KBV 

cordatus BRV 

sagittatus CV 

PRIMULACEAE 

Anagallis 

* arvensis BRV 

10 





PROTEACEAE 

Hakea 

* sericea BRV 

Leucadendron 

chamelaea AWV, BRV, CV, KBV E 

glaberrimum BRV 

rubrum AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

salignum AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

sericeum KBV E 

Leucospermum 

calligerum BRV 

vestitum BRV 

Protea 

acaulos AWV 

burchellii BRV 

laurifolia AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

nitida AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

repens AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

scorzonerifolia BRV V 

Serruria 

effusa AWV, BRV, KBV 

fasciflora BRV 

pedunculata BRV 

Spatalla 

caudata KBV 

RHAMNACEAE 

Phylica 

excelsa var. papillosa BRV 

imberbis AWV, BRV 

odorata KBV 

oleaefolia BRV 

plumosa BRV 

rigidifolia KBV 

spicata BRV 

strigulosa AWV 

Trichocephalus 

stipularis BRV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

cristata AWV 

dregeana BRV 

erectisepala BRV 

juniperina BRV 

polygonifolia BRV 

ruscifolia AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

sericea AWV 


Rubus 

rigidus AWV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

aethiopicum AWV, BRV, CV 

spathulatum AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

spathulatum subsp. spathulatum 

Galium 

capense 

CV 

BRV 

11 





RUTACEAE 

Adenandra 

marginata BRV 

Agathosma 

betulina BRV 

capensis AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

virgata CV 

Diosma 

acmaeophylla BRV, CV 

hirsuta AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

pedicellata BRV, CV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

hispidulum BRV 

scabrum CV 

strictum AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

subnudum BRV 

virgatum AWV, CV 

SAPINDACEAE 

Dodonaea 

viscosa var. angustifolia AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 


Cromidon 

plantaginis AWV 


adpressa BRV 

stricta CV 

tephrodes BRV 

Hebenstretia 

lanceolata BRV 

ramosissima CV, KBV 

robusta AWV, CV 

Hemimeris 

racemosa CV 

Lyperia 

antirrhinoides CV 

Microdon 

dubius BRV, CV 

polygaloides CV 

Nemesia 

anisocarpa AWV 

Oftia 

africana BRV, CV 

Polycarena 

aurea CV 

rariflora CV 

Pseudoselago 

densifolia BRV 

spuria BRV 

Selago 

corymbosa AWV, BRV 

cupressoides BRV, CV, KBV 

divaricata CV 

glabrata BRV, CV, KBV 

perplexa KBV 

venosa AWV, CV, KBV 

12 





Sutera 

uncinata BRV, CV, KBV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Gnidia 

geminiflora CV 

inconspicua AWV, KBV 

juniperifolia KBV 

Passerina 

corymbosa BRV 

truncata BRV 

Struthiola 

ciliata AWV, BRV, KBV 

dodecandra KBV 

leptantha BRV, CV, KBV 

VISCACEAE 

Viscum 

capense BRV, KBV 


Zygophyllum 

fulvum BRV, CV, KBV 

sessilifolium BRV 

ANTHOPHYTA Class Monocotyledones 

ALLIACEAE 

Tulbaghia 

dregeana KBV 

AMARYLLIDACEAE 

Boophone 

disticha BRV 

Haemanthus 

coccineus BRV 

ANTHERICACEAE 

Chlorophytum 

triflorum CV 

undulatum BRV, CV 

ARACEAE 

Zantedeschia 

aethiopica AWV 

ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

africanus CV 

capensis BRV, CV, KBV 

declinatus CV 

kraussianus CV 

lignosus KBV 

multituberosus CV 

retrofractus BRV, CV, KBV 

rubicundus AWV, BRV, KBV 

scandens BRV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbine 

foleyi CV 

lagopus CV 

praemorsa AWV, BRV, KBV 

13 





Bulbinella 

caudafelis AWV, CV, KBV 

trinervis KBV 

triquetra KBV 

Trachyandra 

chlamydophylla BRV, CV 

falcata CV 

flexifolia AWV, BRV 

revoluta BRV, CV, KBV 

COLCHICACEAE 

Baeometra 

uniflora BRV 

Onixotis 

punctata AWV, KBV 

CYPERACEAE 

Cyperus 

longus BRV 

Ficinia 

albicans AWV 

bulbosa BRV, CV, KBV 

capitella BRV, KBV 

deusta BRV 

indica AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

nigrescens AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

oligantha AWV, BRV 

Tetraria 

crinifolia AWV 

cuspidata AWV, BRV 

exilis BRV, CV 

ferruginea KBV 

involucrata AWV 

nigrovaginata KBV 

picta AWV 

ustulata AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

HAEMODORACEAE 

Wachendorfia 

paniculata AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

HEMEROCALLIDACEAE 

Caesia 

contorta BRV, KBV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 

aurea BRV 

cooperi BRV 

echinosperma KBV 

flaccida CV 

juncifolia BRV, CV, KBV 

maxima CV, KBV 

viscosa CV, KBV 

Dipcadi 

brevifolium CV 

Drimia 

filifolia BRV, KBV 

14 





Lachenalia 

contaminata BRV 

fistulosa CV 

marginata subsp. marginata AWV 

orchioides BRV, CV, KBV 

pallida AWV, BRV 

polyphylla KBV E 

unicolor BRV, CV 

unifolia BRV 

zeyheri KBV 

Massonia 

depressa CV, KBV 

Ornithogalum 

dubium BRV 

fimbrimarginatum BRV, CV 

hispidum subsp. hispidum KBV 

maculatum KBV 

suaveolens BRV 

thyrsoides BRV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 


ovata AWV, CV 

schlechteri KBV 

IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

africana AWV, BRV 

bakeri AWV, BRV 

bracteata BRV, CV 

capitata AWV, BRV 

dichotoma KBV 

simplex AWV 

Babiana 

ambigua KBV 

cantharophila BRV 

disticha AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

nana CV 

sambucina CV, KBV 

stricta BRV, KBV 

villosa BRV 

Bobartia 

gladiata subsp. teres BRV 

rufa KBV 

Ferraria 

divaricata BRV, CV 

Geissorhiza 

aspera BRV 

heterostyla CV 

imbricata BRV, KBV 

juncea AWV, KBV 

ornithogaloides CV 

ovata AWV 

parva AWV 

15 





Gladiolus 

alatus BRV, KBV 

carinatus AWV, BRV, KBV 

carneus BRV 

hirsutus AWV, BRV 

hyalinus AWV, KBV 

liliaceus AWV 

quadrangularis AWV 

quadrangulus AWV E 

trichonemifolius AWV E 

Hesperantha 

cucullata BRV 

falcata AWV, CV, KBV 

radiata AWV, BRV, KBV 

Ixia 

capillaris AWV, BRV, KBV 

dubia BRV 

latifolia AWV, KBV 

latifolia var. angustifolia AWV, KBV 

odorata BRV 

polystachya var. polystachya BRV 

rapunculoides var. flaccida CV, KBV 

viridiflora BRV V 

Lapeirousia 

falcata KBV 

Micranthus 

alopecuroides BRV 

Moraea 

ciliata KBV 

citrina AWV, KBV 

cookii AWV, KBV 

flaccida BRV 

fugax BRV 

galaxia CV, KBV 

gawleri BRV, CV 

inconspicua BRV, CV 

lewisiae BRV 

lugubris KBV 

miniata BRV, KBV 

neglecta BRV, KBV 

tricuspidata AWV 

tripetala CV 

unguiculata AWV, BRV, CV 

variabilis KBV R 

villosa BRV K 

Romulea 

cruciata BRV 

flava KBV 

rosea AWV, KBV 

tortuosa KBV 

Sparaxis 

grandiflora BRV R 

villosa BRV 

Thereianthus 

spicatus BRV 

Tritonia 

crispa BRV 

16 





Tritoniopsis 

antholyza BRV 

Watsonia 

fourcadei AWV, CV 

marginata BRV 

spectabilis BRV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

effusus BRV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Disa 

bracteata AWV, BRV 

tenella subsp. pusilla KBV 

Disperis 

capensis KBV 

Holothrix 

villosa BRV, KBV 

Pterygodium 

alatum BRV 

catholicum AWV, CV 

Satyrium 

bicorne AWV, BRV, KBV 

coriifolium AWV 

erectum AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

humile CV 

Schizodium 

flexuosum AWV, KBV 

obliquum CV V 

POACEAE 

Anthoxanthum 

ecklonii CV 

Aristida 

diffusa BRV 

diffusa subsp. diffusa CV 

junciformis AWV, KBV 

junciformis subsp. junciformis KBV 

Briza 

* maxima CV 

* minor BRV 

Chaetobromus 

involucratus subsp. dregeanus AWV 

Cymbopogon 

marginatus AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Ehrharta 

calycina AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

capensis AWV, BRV 

melicoides CV 

ramosa CV 

thunbergii BRV, CV, KBV 

Eragrostis 

curvula BRV 

plana KBV 

Festuca 

scabra AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Imperata 

cylindrica AWV 

17 





Karroochloa 

purpurea KBV 

Merxmuellera 

arundinacea BRV 

cincta KBV 

lupulina AWV 

stricta AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Pennisetum 

macrourum KBV 

Pentaschistis 

airoides AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

aristidoides KBV 

aurea BRV 

aurea subsp. aurea KBV 

colorata AWV 

curvifolia AWV, BRV 

eriostoma CV, KBV 

pallens KBV 

pallida BRV, CV, KBV 

patula AWV 

Stipagrostis 

zeyheri AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Themeda 

triandra AWV, BRV, KBV 

Tribolium 

hispidum AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

uniolae AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Vulpia 

* muralis AWV 

* myuros KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 

parviflora AWV, CV, KBV 

virgata BRV, CV 

Elegia 

asperiflora KBV 

filacea AWV, CV, KBV 

neesii CV, KBV 

vaginulata AWV 

Hypodiscus 

laevigatus AWV 

willdenowia AWV 

Ischyrolepis 


gaudichaudiana AWV, BRV, CV 

gossypina AWV, KBV 

laniger KBV 

sieberi AWV 

unispicata CV, KBV 

Restio 

filiformis AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

pedicellatus AWV 

Rhodocoma 

capensis CV 

18 





Staberoha 

distachyos AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Thamnochortus 

schlechteri AWV, BRV, KBV 

sporadicus BRV 

Willdenowia 

arescens BRV, KBV 

sulcata KBV 

TECOPHILAEACEAE 

Cyanella 

hyacinthoides BRV, CV 

lutea BRV, CV 

AWV = Agter Witzenberg Valley; BRV = Upper Breede River Valley; CV = Ceres Valley; KBV = 


* = Introduced, Invasive or Naturalised 

E: endangered, Ex: extinct, I: indeterminate, K: insufficiently known, R: rare, Us: unspecified, V: 

vulnerable 

Report produced by the SaSFLORA database: data (C) Coastec; database design and structures (C) 

Reuben Roberts (1998-2005) 

19 



APPENDIX 3. WETLAND AND RIVERINE PLANT SPECIES RECORDED FROM THE 


PTERIDOPHYTA 

ANEMIACEAE 

Mohria 

caffrorum BRV 

BLECHNACEAE 

Blechnum 

punctulatum AWV 

DENNSTAEDTIACEAE 

Pteridium 

aquilinum subsp. aquilinum 

THELYPTERIDACEAE 

Thelypteris 

confluens KBV 

KBV 

ANTHOPHYTA Class Dicotyledones 

AIZOACEAE 

Tetragonia 

spicata BRV 

AMARANTHACEAE 

Alternanthera 

* uliginosa KBV 

Chenopodium 

* ambrosioides BRV 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

angustifolia 

AWV, BRV 

APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus KBV 

Itasina 

filifolia BRV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Gomphocarpus 

fruticosus KBV 

Nerium 

* oleander CV 

ARALIACEAE 

Centella 

asiatica AWV, BRV, KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Arctotheca 

calendula AWV 

prostrata BRV, KBV 

Arctotis 

acaulis BRV, KBV 

Athanasia 

pachycephala subsp. pachycephala 

trifurcata AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Chrysocoma 

oblongifolia BRV 

Conyza 

scabrida BRV, CV 

BRV 





Cotula 

coronopifolia CV, KBV 


turbinata AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Dicerothamnus 

rhinocerotis AWV, BRV, KBV 

Dimorphotheca 

pluvialis BRV 

sinuata KBV 

Eriocephalus 

africanus BRV 

Felicia 

dubia AWV 

hirsuta KBV 

tenella subsp. cotuloides KBV 

Gazania 

rigida KBV 

Gnaphalium 

capense KBV 

pauciflorum BRV 

Helichrysum 

cymosum BRV 

dasyanthum AWV 

foetidum var. foetidum BRV, KBV 

helianthemifolium BRV, KBV 

indicum AWV, BRV, KBV 

pandurifolium AWV 

rosum KBV 

tinctum AWV 

Hypochaeris 

* glabra BRV 

radicata BRV 

Leysera 

gnaphalodes AWV, BRV, KBV 

Metalasia 

densa KBV 

Oedera 

squarrosa KBV 

Osteospermum 

dregei KBV 

Othonna 

parviflora KBV 

pinnata KBV 


luteo-album BRV, KBV 

undulatum CV, KBV 

Pulicaria 

scabra BRV 

Relhania 

fruticosa BRV 

2 





Senecio 

angustifolius AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

burchellii BRV, KBV 

erosus KBV 

glutinosus BRV 

lanifer KBV 

littoreus var. littoreus KBV 

mimetes KBV 

paniculatus KBV 

pinnulatus KBV 

rigidus KBV 

tuberosus AWV 

Seriphium 

plumosum AWV, BRV, KBV 

Sonchus 

* oleraceus CV 

Stoebe 

nervigera BRV 

Ursinia 

anthemoides subsp. anthemoides AWV 

cakilefolia KBV 



pinnata KBV 

punctata BRV 

Vellereophyton 

dealbatum KBV 

BORAGINACEAE 

Amsinckia 

retrorsa KBV 

Lobostemon 


BRASSICACEAE 

Brassica 

* tournefortii KBV 

Heliophila 

linoides BRV 

pinnata KBV 

Raphanus 


CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

bulbosa BRV 

volubilis CV, KBV 

Grammatotheca 

bergiana BRV, KBV 

Lobelia 

erinus BRV 

Monopsis 

debilis AWV, BRV, KBV 

flava KBV K 

Wahlenbergia 

procumbens BRV 

Wimmerella 

bifida KBV 

3 






Corrigiola 

litoralis AWV, BRV 

Silene 

* gallica BRV 

Spergula 

* arvensis BRV, KBV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 

decumbens KBV 

natans var. natans KBV 

DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 

capensis KBV 

cistiflora AWV, BRV, KBV 

pauciflora BRV 

trinervia AWV, BRV, KBV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra BRV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bergiana KBV 

bruniades AWV, BRV 

curviflora KBV 

sphaerocephala KBV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Euphorbia 

genistoides AWV 

inaequilatera KBV 

tuberosa BRV 

FABACEAE 

Acacia 


* mearnsii AWV, BRV 

Aspalathus 

acuminata BRV 

acuminata subsp. acuminata BRV, KBV 

hispida BRV 

Lotononis 

involucrata subsp. peduncularis BRV 

Lotus 

* subbiflorus BRV, KBV 

Ornithopus 

* sativus BRV, KBV 

Psoralea 

aphylla KBV 

Sesbania 

* punicea BRV 

Trifolium 

* angustifolium var. angustifolium BRV 

Vicia 

* benghalensis CV 

FUMARIACEAE 

Fumaria 

* muralis BRV 

4 





GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

aurea AWV, BRV 

exacoides AWV, BRV, KBV 

GERANIACEAE 

Erodium 

* botrys BRV 

Pelargonium 

grossularioides BRV 

lobatum BRV 

multicaule KBV 

triste BRV 

HALORAGACEAE 

Laurembergia 

repens subsp. brachypoda BRV, KBV 

LAMIACEAE 

Mentha 

aquatica KBV 

LENTIBULARIACEAE 

Utricularia 

bisquamata KBV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 

cuneifolia BRV 


multiflora BRV 

MENYANTHACEAE 

Nymphoides 

indica KBV 

Villarsia 

capensis KBV 


Cleretum 

papulosum BRV 

Erepsia 

gracilis BRV 

Lampranthus 

debilis BRV, KBV E(P) 

filicaulis BRV Us(P) 

MOLLUGINACEAE 

Adenogramma 

mollugo BRV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 

caryophyllacea BRV 

MYRICACEAE 

Morella 

serrata BRV, KBV 

ONAGRACEAE 

Ludwigia 

palustris BRV 

OROBANCHACEAE 

Alectra 

sessiliflora KBV 

5 





OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

fergusonae BRV 

obtusa AWV, BRV, KBV 

purpurea BRV 


Plantago 

* major AWV, BRV, CV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

divaricata BRV 

heisteria KBV 

Polygala 

pappeana KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Persicaria 

decipiens BRV, CV 

* lapathifolia BRV 

Rumex 

acetosella subsp. angiocarpus BRV, KBV 

cordatus BRV 

* crispus AWV, CV, KBV 

PRIMULACEAE 

Anagallis 


PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

corymbosum BRV V 

glaberrimum AWV 

lanigerum var. laevigatum BRV 

Protea 

laevis KBV 

Serruria 


ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

dregeana KBV 


ruscifolia AWV, BRV 

strobilifera AWV, BRV, KBV 

Rubus 

rigidus AWV, BRV 

RUTACEAE 

Agathosma 

capensis BRV 

Diosma 

hirsuta KBV 

pedicellata BRV 

SALICACEAE 

Salix 

mucronata BRV, CV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

frisea KBV 

6 






Dischisma 

ciliatum KBV 

Freylinia 

lanceolata AWV 

Limosella 

grandiflora KBV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Gnidia 

oppositifolia KBV 

Passerina 

corymbosa BRV 

Struthiola 

ciliata BRV 

leptantha BRV 

ANTHOPHYTA Class Monocotyledones 


Ammocharis 

longifolia BRV 

APONOGETONACEAE 

Aponogeton 

angustifolius BRV, KBV 

distachyos AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

ARACEAE 

Zantedeschia 

aethiopica AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

capensis BRV 

lignosus BRV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 

caudafelis KBV 

nutans subsp. turfosicola KBV 

triquetra AWV, KBV 

Kniphofia 

uvaria AWV, BRV, KBV 

Trachyandra 

flexifolia BRV 

revoluta BRV 

COLCHICACEAE 

Onixotis 

punctata AWV, KBV 

stricta AWV, KBV 

Wurmbea 

inusta AWV 

CYPERACEAE 

Carpha 

capitellata KBV 

glomerata AWV, KBV 

Chrysitrix 

junciformis KBV 

7 





Cyperus 

fastigiatus BRV 

longus BRV, CV 

marginatus CV 

tenellus AWV 

textilis CV 

thunbergii BRV, KBV 

Eleocharis 

limosa AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Epischoenus 

gracilis KBV 

Ficinia 

bulbosa BRV 

capitella KBV 

indica BRV, KBV 

ixioides KBV 

nodosa BRV, KBV 

Fuirena 

hirsuta KBV 

Isolepis 

cernua var. setiformis AWV 

diabolica AWV 

prolifera AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

rubicunda AWV, KBV 

sepulcralis BRV 

Pseudoschoenus 

inanis CV 

Pycreus 

polystachyos BRV 


corymbosus KBV 

Tetraria 

exilis KBV 


fourcadei KBV 

picta KBV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 

echinosperma BRV 

Drimia 

filifolia AWV, KBV 

Lachenalia 


fistulosa BRV 

unifolia BRV 

zeyheri AWV, KBV 

Ornithogalum 

fimbrimarginatum BRV 

hispidum KBV 

hispidum subsp. bergii KBV 

thyrsoides BRV, KBV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

aquatica BRV, KBV 

capensis BRV, KBV 

ovata AWV 

schlechteri AWV, KBV 

8 





IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

africana BRV 

bracteata KBV 

Babiana 


disticha KBV 

Geissorhiza 

imbricata KBV 

juncea AWV, KBV 

ornithogaloides subsp. ornithogaloides 

setacea AWV 

Gladiolus 

alatus BRV, KBV 


Hesperantha 

cucullata KBV 

falcata BRV, CV, KBV 

radiata KBV 

Ixia 

latifolia var. angustifolia KBV 

Lapeirousia 

anceps BRV 

Micranthus 

junceus KBV 

Moraea 

bellendenii KBV 

citrina AWV 

cookii KBV 

flaccida BRV 

fugax BRV 

gawleri BRV 

inconspicua BRV 

miniata BRV, CV, KBV 

ramosissima KBV 

setifolia KBV 

tripetala BRV 


vegeta BRV 

Romulea 

flava KBV 

rosea AWV, BRV 

tortuosa KBV 

Watsonia 

angusta KBV 

meriana BRV, KBV 

stokoei KBV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

acutus subsp. leipoldii CV 

capensis AWV, KBV 

effusus AWV, BRV, CV 

kraussii subsp. kraussii CV 

lomatophyllus CV, KBV 

oxycarpus AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

punctorius CV, KBV 

scabriusculus AWV 

BRV 

9 





JUNCAGINACEAE 

Triglochin 

bulbosa AWV, BRV, KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Disa 

bivalvata KBV 

elegans KBV 

racemosa KBV 

Disperis 

villosa BRV 

Holothrix 

villosa AWV, KBV 

Pterygodium 

acutifolium BRV 

Satyrium 

bicorne BRV 

coriifolium BRV 

pumilum BRV 

POACEAE 

Agrostis 

* avenacea AWV, BRV, KBV 

polypogonoides KBV 

Anthoxanthum 

ecklonii KBV 

Aristida 


Briza 

* maxima AWV, BRV 

* minor AWV, BRV, CV 

Cymbopogon 

marginatus BRV, KBV 

Cynodon 

dactylon BRV, CV, KBV 

Ehrharta 

calycina BRV, KBV 

Eragrostis 

capensis AWV 

curvula AWV, BRV, KBV 

plana KBV 

sarmentosa BRV 

Festuca 

scabra BRV, CV 

Holcus 

* lanatus AWV 

Hyparrhenia 

hirta BRV 

Imperata 

cylindrica AWV, BRV 

Leptochloa 

fusca KBV 

Merxmuellera 

stricta AWV, KBV 

Panicum 

schinzii BRV 

Paspalum 

* distichum BRV 

* urvillei AWV, BRV, CV 

10 





Pennisetum 

macrourum AWV, BRV, CV, KBV 

Pentaschistis 

airoides AWV 

aurea AWV, KBV 

curvifolia KBV 

pallida BRV 

patula BRV 

Phalaris 

* minor BRV 

Phragmites 

australis CV 

Poa 

* annua CV 

bulbosa KBV 

Polypogon 

* monspeliensis BRV 

* viridis CV 

Puccinellia 

angusta AWV 

* fasciculata AWV 

Stipagrostis 

zeyheri BRV, KBV 

Themeda 

triandra AWV, BRV 

Tribolium 

hispidum BRV 

uniolae AWV, BRV 

Vulpia 

* muralis AWV 

* myuros BRV 

PRIONIACEAE 

Prionium 

serratum BRV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Anthochortus 

ecklonii KBV 

Calopsis 

paniculata AWV, BRV 

viminea BRV 

Cannomois 

grandis KBV 

Chondropetalum 

rectum BRV V 

Elegia 



filacea BRV 

glomerata KBV 

vaginulata BRV 

Ischyrolepis 


gossypina KBV 

helenae KBV 

laniger KBV 

rivula KBV 

wallichii AWV, KBV 

11 





Restio 

miser KBV 

Rhodocoma 

capensis AWV 

Staberoha 

distachyos AWV, BRV 

Thamnochortus 

schlechteri AWV, BRV 

Willdenowia 

incurvata BRV 


Cyanella 

hyacinthoides BRV 

TYPHACEAE 

Typha 

capensis AWV, CV, KBV 

XYRIDACEAE 

Xyris 

capensis KBV 


E: endangered, Ex: extinct, I: indeterminate, K: insufficiently known, R: rare, Us: unspecified, V: 

vulnerable 

Report produced by the SaSFLORA database: data (C) Coastec; database design and structures (C) 

Reuben Roberts (1998-2005) 

12 



APPENDIX 4. WITZENBERG SDF: PLANT SPECIES LISTS FOR 

INDIVIDUAL SITES

APPENDIX 4. WITZENBERG SDF: PLANT SPECIES LISTS FOR INDIVIDUAL SITES 

SITE 1 (WABOOMSRIVIER FARM - NORTH) 

Division Anthophyta Class Dicotyledones 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

cf. scytophylla KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Arctotheca 

calendula KBV 

Arctotis 

verbascifolia KBV 

Athanasia 

cf. trifurcata KBV 

Chrysocoma 

cernua KBV 

Cotula 

turbinata KBV 

Dicerothamnus 

rhinocerotis KBV 

Eriocephalus 

cf. africanus KBV 

Euryops 

othonnoides KBV 

Gazania 

rigida KBV 

Gymnodiscus 


Helichrysum 

indicum KBV 

tinctum KBV 

Leysera 

gnaphalodes KBV 

Metalasia 

densa KBV 


Osteospermum 

bidens KBV 

Senecio 

angustifolius KBV 

erosus KBV 

paarlensis KBV 

Seriphium 

plumosum KBV 

Syncarpha 

canescens KBV 

Ursinia 

cf. anthemoides KBV 


BRASSICACEAE 

Raphanus 


CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis KBV 

Wahlenbergia 

ecklonii KBV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bokkeveldia KBV 

inaequalis KBV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

cf. alaternoides KBV 

polifolia KBV 

Euphorbia 

tuberosa KBV 

FABACEAE 

Amphithalea 

cedarbergensis KBV 

MOLLUGINACEAE 

Psammotropha 

anguina KBV 




OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa KBV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

angulosa KBV 

divaricata KBV 

Nylandtia 

spinosa KBV 

Polygala 

refracta KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 

acetosella subsp. angiocarpus KBV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

rubrum KBV 

salignum KBV 


Protea 

laurifolia KBV 

repens KBV 

Serruria 

effusa KBV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

ruscifolia KBV 

RUTACEAE 

Diosma 

hirsuta KBV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Struthiola 

ciliata KBV 

dodecandra KBV 


Zygophyllum 

fulvum KBV 

Division Anthophyta Class Monocotyledones 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbine 

praemorsa KBV 

Bulbinella 


CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

cf. bulbosa KBV 

Tetraria 


ustulata KBV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 

juncifolia KBV 

viscosa KBV 

Lachenalia 

polyphylla KBV E 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 


IRIDACEAE 

Ixia 


Moraea 

galaxia KBV 

Romulea 

flava KBV 

rosea KBV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 

cf. junciformis KBV 

Ehrharta 

calycina KBV 

2 




Festuca 

scabra KBV 

Merxmuellera 

stricta KBV 

Pentaschistis 


pallens KBV 

Stipagrostis 

cf. zeyheri KBV 

Tribolium 

uniolae KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 


Ischyrolepis 

capensis KBV 

laniger KBV 

unispicata KBV 

Restio 

filiformis KBV 

Staberoha 

distachyos KBV 

Thamnochortus 


Willdenowia 

arescens KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 2A (WABOOMSRIVIER FARM - SOUTH) 


APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 

cf. trifurcata KBV 

Chrysocoma 

cernua KBV 

oblongifolia KBV 

Cotula 


Dicerothamnus 


Eriocephalus 


Felicia 

filifolia KBV 

minima KBV 

Gazania 

rigida KBV 

Helichrysum 

cylindriflorum KBV 

revolutum KBV 

Leysera 


Metalasia 

densa KBV 


Myrovernix 

intricata KBV 

Oedera 

squarrosa KBV 

Senecio 


Seriphium 

plumosum KBV 

Ursinia 


BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

trichotomus KBV 

3 




CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis KBV 

Lobelia 



Petrorhagia 

* prolifera KBV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra KBV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bicolor KBV 

verecunda KBV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

alaternoides KBV 

polifolia KBV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

triquetra KBV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

exacoides KBV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 


scabroide KBV 

ternifolium KBV 

triste KBV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 


MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 

caryophyllacea KBV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 


PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

rubrum KBV 

salignum KBV 

Protea 


nitida KBV 

repens KBV 

RHAMNACEAE 

Phylica 

odorata KBV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 


RUTACEAE 

Diosma 

hirsuta KBV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

strictum KBV 


Hebenstretia 

ramosissima KBV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Struthiola 

ciliata KBV 

4 





ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

lignosus KBV 

cf. rubicundus KBV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

capitella KBV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Lachenalia 

orchioides KBV 

IRIDACEAE 

Gladiolus 

hyalinus KBV 

Hesperantha 

radiata KBV 

Moraea 

cookii KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Disperis 

capensis KBV 

Satyrium 

erectum KBV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 


Merxmuellera 

stricta KBV 

Themeda 

triandra KBV 

Tribolium 

uniolae KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 


Ischyrolepis 

capensis KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 2B (WABOOMSRIVIER FARM SOUTH - 


APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Arctotis 

acaulis KBV 

Gazania 

rigida KBV 

Haplocarpha 


Othonna 

pinnata KBV 

Senecio 

erosus KBV 

Ursinia 


BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

digitata KBV 

pinnata KBV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

bulbosa KBV 


Silene 

* gallica KBV 

DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 

cistiflora KBV 

5 




EUPHORBIACEAE 

Euphorbia 

tuberosa KBV 

MOLLUGINACEAE 

Pharnaceum 

ciliare KBV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

commutata KBV 

obtusa KBV 

pardalis KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 


PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

cf. chamelaea KBV 

Protea 

repens KBV 

E 


ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 


triquetra KBV 

COLCHICACEAE 

Onixotis 

punctata KBV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

cf. capitella KBV 

cf. indica KBV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Lachenalia 


HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

capensis KBV 


IRIDACEAE 

Babiana 

ambigua KBV 

disticha KBV 

Geissorhiza 

imbricata KBV 

Gladiolus 

alatus KBV 

carinatus KBV 

Hesperantha 

radiata KBV 

Ixia 


latifolia KBV 

Moraea 

ciliata KBV 

citrina KBV 

cookii KBV 

galaxia KBV 

lugubris KBV 

miniata KBV 

Romulea 

flava KBV 

rosea KBV 

tortuosa KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Disa 

tenella subsp. pusilla KBV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 

junciformis subsp. junciformis KBV 

Ehrharta 

cf. calycina KBV 

6 




Eragrostis 

plana KBV 

Festuca 

scabra KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 3 (WABOOMSRIVIER FARM - WETLAND) 


AMARANTHACEAE 

Alternanthera 

* uliginosa KBV 

APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus KBV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Gomphocarpus 


ASTERACEAE 

Arctotheca 

prostrata KBV 

Arctotis 

acaulis KBV 

Athanasia 

trifurcata KBV 

Cotula 



turbinata KBV 

Dicerothamnus 


Felicia 

hirsuta KBV 


Gazania 

rigida KBV 

Gnaphalium 

capense KBV 

Leysera 


Oedera 

squarrosa KBV 

Osteospermum 

dregei KBV 

Senecio 


burchellii KBV 

erosus KBV 

mimetes KBV 

Ursinia 


BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

pinnata KBV 

Raphanus 


CAMPANULACEAE 

Grammatotheca 

bergiana KBV 

Wimmerella 

bifida KBV 


Spergula 

* arvensis KBV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 

natans var. natans KBV 

7 




DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 


EUPHORBIACEAE 

Euphorbia 


FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

acuminata subsp. acuminata KBV 

Lotus 

* subbiflorus KBV 

Ornithopus 

* sativus KBV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

exacoides KBV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 


HALORAGACEAE 

Laurembergia 

repens subsp. brachypoda KBV 

LAMIACEAE 

Mentha 

aquatica KBV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 


MENYANTHACEAE 

Nymphoides 

indica KBV 

Villarsia 

capensis KBV 


Lampranthus 

debilis KBV E(P) 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 


ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

strobilifera KBV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

frisea KBV 


Limosella 




Aponogeton 

cf. angustifolius KBV 


ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 


triquetra KBV 

COLCHICACEAE 

Onixotis 

stricta KBV 

CYPERACEAE 

Cyperus 

cf. thunbergii KBV 

Eleocharis 

limosa KBV 

Ficinia 

capitella KBV 

indica KBV 

8 




Isolepis 

rubicunda KBV 


corymbosus KBV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Drimia 

filifolia KBV 

Lachenalia 

zeyheri KBV 

Ornithogalum 

hispidum KBV 

hispidum subsp. bergii KBV 

thyrsoides KBV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

capensis KBV 

IRIDACEAE 

Babiana 

disticha KBV 

Geissorhiza 

imbricata KBV 

juncea KBV 

Gladiolus 

alatus KBV 

Hesperantha 

falcata KBV 

radiata KBV 

Ixia 


Micranthus 

junceus KBV 

Moraea 

bellendenii KBV 

cookii KBV 

miniata KBV 

setifolia KBV 

Romulea 

flava KBV 

tortuosa KBV 

Watsonia 

meriana KBV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

oxycarpus KBV 

JUNCAGINACEAE 

Triglochin 

bulbosa KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Holothrix 

villosa KBV 

POACEAE 

Agrostis 

* avenacea KBV 


Aristida 


Cymbopogon 

cf. marginatus KBV 

Ehrharta 

calycina KBV 

Eragrostis 

curvula KBV 

plana KBV 

Pennisetum 

macrourum KBV 

Poa 

bulbosa KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Elegia 

cf. asperiflora KBV 

glomerata KBV 

9 




Ischyrolepis 

capensis KBV 

gossypina KBV 

laniger KBV 

TYPHACEAE 

Typha 

capensis KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 4A (LEEUFONTEIN - SHALE - WCR) 


AIZOACEAE 

Galenia 

africana CV 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

undulata CV 

APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus CV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Microloma 

sagittatum CV 

ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 

trifurcata CV 

Chrysocoma 

oblongifolia CV 

Dicerothamnus 

rhinocerotis CV 

Eriocephalus 

africanus CV 

Felicia 

filifolia CV 

Helichrysum 

hamulosum CV 

Leysera 

gnaphalodes CV 

Oedera 


Pteronia 

glauca CV 

incana CV 

Relhania 


Syncarpha 

staehelina CV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis CV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Tylecodon 

paniculatus CV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

austro-africana var. austro-africana CV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

nigra CV 

Wiborgia 

sericea CV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Chironia 

baccifera CV 


Lampranthus 

elegans CV Us(P) 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 

caryophyllacea CV 

10 




OROBANCHACEAE 

Hyobanche 

sanguinea CV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

cf. obtusa CV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Nylandtia 

spinosa CV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

ruscifolia CV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

aethiopicum CV 

RUTACEAE 

Agathosma 

capensis CV 

virgata CV 

SAPINDACEAE 

Dodonaea 

viscosa var. angustifolia CV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Struthiola 

cf. leptantha CV 


ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 


IRIDACEAE 

Ixia 

rapunculoides var. flaccida CV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Satyrium 

erectum CV 

POACEAE 

Cymbopogon 

cf. marginatus CV 

Pentaschistis 

eriostoma CV 

Tribolium 

hispidum CV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

cf. capensis CV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 4B (LEEUFONTEIN - SHALE - MF) 

Division Pteridophyta 

ANEMIACEAE 

Mohria 

caffrorum CV 

PTERIDACEAE 

Cheilanthes 

deltoidea CV 


AIZOACEAE 

Galenia 

affinis CV 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

tomentosa CV 

undulata CV 

APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus CV 

11 




APOCYNACEAE 

Gomphocarpus 

cancellatus CV 

Microloma 

sagittatum CV 

ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 

trifurcata CV 

Chrysocoma 


Cotula 

barbata CV 

Dicerothamnus 


Eriocephalus 

africanus CV 

Felicia 

filifolia CV 

Helichrysum 

cylindriflorum CV 

hebelepis CV 

revolutum CV 

Leysera 


Oedera 


squarrosa CV 

Othonna 

parviflora CV 

pinnata CV 

Plecostachys 

serpyllifolia CV 

Printzia 

polifolia CV 

Pteronia 

camphorata CV 

camphorata var. armata CV 

Relhania 


Senecio 

carroensis CV 

pinnulatus CV 

Syncarpha 

staehelina CV 

Ursinia 

cf. anthemoides CV 

cakilefolia CV 

BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

dorotheae CV 

trichotomus CV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

cf. arenosa CV 

carnosa CV 

descurva CV 

variabilis CV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis CV 

Wahlenbergia 

ecklonii CV 

paniculata CV 


Silene 

cf. burchellii var. angustifolia CV 

CELASTRACEAE 

Maytenus 

oleoides CV 


Convolvulus 

capensis CV 

12 




CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 

pubescens subsp. pubescens CV 

simulans CV 

tetragona subsp. tetragona CV 

Tylecodon 


EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

austro-africana var. austro-africana CV 

glabra CV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

polifolia CV 

Euphorbia 

genistoides CV 

tuberosa CV 

FABACEAE 

Argyrolobium 

argenteum CV 

Aspalathus 

acuminata CV 

desertorum CV R 

nigra CV 

Indigofera 

procumbens CV 

Lebeckia 

multiflora CV 

Lessertia 

frutescens CV 

microphylla CV 

Melolobium 

adenodes CV 

Wiborgia 

sericea CV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Chironia 

baccifera CV 

Sebaea 

exacoides CV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 

articulatum CV 

pinnatum CV 

scabroide CV 

triste CV 

MALVACEAE 

Anisodontea 

elegans CV 

Hermannia 

alnifolia CV 

confusa CV 

hyssopifolia CV 

multiflora CV 


Antimima 

verruculosa CV 

Cleretum 

papulosum CV 

Lampranthus 

diffusus CV 


MOLLUGINACEAE 

Pharnaceum 

elongatum CV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


OROBANCHACEAE 

Hyobanche 

sanguinea CV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa CV 

13 




POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

angulosa CV 

Nylandtia 

spinosa CV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 

sagittatus CV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

salignum CV 

Protea 

laurifolia CV 

nitida CV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

ruscifolia CV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

cf. aethiopicum CV 

spathulatum CV 

Galium 

capense CV 

RUTACEAE 

Agathosma 

cf. capensis CV 

virgata CV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

strictum CV 

SAPINDACEAE 

Dodonaea 



Hebenstretia 

ramosissima CV 

robusta CV 

Hemimeris 

racemosa CV 

Lyperia 

antirrhinoides CV 

Oftia 

africana CV 

Polycarena 

aurea CV 

rariflora CV 

Selago 

cupressoides CV 

divaricata CV 

Sutera 

uncinata CV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Struthiola 

leptantha CV 


ANTHERICACEAE 

Chlorophytum 

triflorum CV 

ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

africanus CV 

capensis CV 


retrofractus CV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbine 

foleyi CV 

lagopus CV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

bulbosa CV 

nigrescens CV 

14 




HAEMODORACEAE 

Wachendorfia 

paniculata CV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 

flaccida CV 

juncifolia CV 

maxima CV 

Lachenalia 

fistulosa CV 

orchioides CV 

unicolor CV 

Ornithogalum 

fimbrimarginatum CV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

capensis CV 

ovata CV 

IRIDACEAE 

Babiana 

disticha CV 

nana CV 

sambucina CV 

Ferraria 

divaricata CV 

Geissorhiza 

heterostyla CV 

ornithogaloides CV 

Ixia 


Moraea 

galaxia CV 

gawleri CV 

tripetala CV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Pterygodium 

catholicum CV 

Satyrium 

erectum CV 

humile CV 

Schizodium 

obliquum CV V 

POACEAE 

Anthoxanthum 

ecklonii CV 

Ehrharta 

calycina CV 

cf. thunbergii CV 

Festuca 

scabra CV 

Pentaschistis 

eriostoma CV 

pallida CV 

Tribolium 

hispidum CV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis CV 


Cyanella 

lutea CV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 5 (RHODONA FARM) 


ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

undulata CV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Microloma 

sagittatum CV 

15 




ASTERACEAE 

Amphiglossa 

tomentosa CV 

Arctotheca 

calendula CV 

Athanasia 

trifurcata CV 

Chrysocoma 


Dicerothamnus 


Eriocephalus 

africanus CV 

Felicia 

filifolia CV 

Gazania 

rigida CV 

Gorteria 

personata CV 

Helichrysum 


hamulosum CV 

Leysera 


Oedera 


squarrosa CV 

Othonna 

auriculifolia CV 

Pteronia 

glabrata CV 

incana CV 

Relhania 


Senecio 

arenarius CV 

burchellii CV 

Ursinia 

anthemoides CV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

cf. arenosa CV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis CV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Tylecodon 


EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

polifolia CV 

Euphorbia 

arceuthobioides CV 

tuberosa CV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

cf. acuminata CV 

linearis CV 

Wiborgia 

cf. sericea CV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Chironia 

baccifera CV 

GERANIACEAE 

Erodium 

* botrys CV 

Pelargonium 

ternifolium CV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 

alnifolia CV 

confusa CV 

16 





Cleretum 

papulosum CV 

Lampranthus 


pakhuisensis CV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa CV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Nylandtia 

spinosa CV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 

sagittatus CV 

SAPINDACEAE 

Dodonaea 



Hemimeris 

racemosa CV 

Sutera 

uncinata CV 


ANTHERICACEAE 

Chlorophytum 

triflorum CV 

undulatum CV 

ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

capensis CV 

declinatus CV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbine 

foleyi CV 

lagopus CV 

Trachyandra 

falcata CV 

revoluta CV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 

juncifolia CV 

viscosa CV 

Dipcadi 

brevifolium CV 

Lachenalia 

orchioides CV 

unicolor CV 

Massonia 

depressa CV 

Ornithogalum 

fimbrimarginatum CV 

IRIDACEAE 

Babiana 

sambucina CV 

Ixia 


Moraea 

gawleri CV 

inconspicua CV 

unguiculata CV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Satyrium 

erectum CV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 

diffusa subsp. diffusa CV 

Ehrharta 

calycina CV 

17 




Merxmuellera 

stricta CV 

Pentaschistis 

airoides CV 

eriostoma CV 

Tribolium 

hispidum CV 


Cyanella 

hyacinthoides CV 

lutea CV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 6A (GYDO PASS) 


ANEMIACEAE 

Mohria 

caffrorum CV 


ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

angustifolia CV 

cf. tomentosa CV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Microloma 

tenuifolium CV 

ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 

cf. trifurcata CV 


monilifera CV 

Corymbium 

villosum CV 

Dicerothamnus 


Dimorphotheca 

nudicaulis CV 

nudicaulis var. nudicaulis CV 

Euryops 

abrotanifolius CV 

Felicia 

cf. filifolia CV 

Helichrysum 


dasyanthum CV 

cf. hebelepis CV 

incarnatum CV R 

pandurifolium CV 

Leysera 


Metalasia 

densa CV 

Myrovernix 

glandulosus CV 

intricata CV 

Oedera 

squarrosa CV 

Printzia 

polifolia CV 

Pteronia 

camphorata CV 

Senecio 

angustifolius CV 

hastatus CV 

pubigerus CV 

sp. nov. abl 10483 CV 

Seriphium 

plumosum CV 

18 




Syncarpha 

staehelina CV 

Ursinia 

punctata CV 

BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

dorotheae CV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

scoparia CV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis CV 


pedunculatus CV 


Silene 

undulata CV 

CELASTRACEAE 

Maytenus 

oleoides CV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra CV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

pubescens CV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

alaternoides CV 

Euphorbia 

genistoides CV 

FABACEAE 

Amphithalea 

muraltioides CV 

perplexa CV 

Aspalathus 

crenata CV 


divaricata subsp. divaricata CV 

nigra CV 

rugosa CV 

Rafnia 

ovata CV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Chironia 

baccifera CV 

Sebaea 

exacoides CV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 

multicaule CV 

scabrum CV 

LAMIACEAE 

Salvia 

africana-caerulea CV 

Stachys 

aethiopica CV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 

confusa CV 

hyssopifolia CV 


Erepsia 

gracilis CV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


MYRSINACEAE 

Myrsine 

africana CV 

OROBANCHACEAE 

Hyobanche 

sanguinea CV 

19 




OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa CV 


Plantago 

* major CV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

heisteria CV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

rubrum CV 

salignum CV 

Protea 

laurifolia CV 

nitida CV 

repens CV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

ruscifolia CV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

cf. spathulatum CV 

Galium 

capense CV 

RUTACEAE 

Diosma 

pedicellata CV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

scabrum CV 

strictum CV 



stricta CV 

Hebenstretia 

robusta CV 

Microdon 

polygaloides CV 

Oftia 

africana CV 

Selago 

glabrata CV 

venosa CV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Gnidia 

geminiflora CV 


Zygophyllum 

fulvum CV 


ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

kraussianus CV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 

caudafelis CV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

nigrescens CV 

Tetraria 

ustulata CV 

IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

bracteata CV 

Hesperantha 

falcata CV 

Watsonia 

fourcadei CV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Pterygodium 

catholicum CV 

20 




Satyrium 

erectum CV 

POACEAE 

Briza 

* maxima CV 

Ehrharta 

calycina CV 

melicoides CV 

ramosa CV 

Festuca 

scabra CV 

Merxmuellera 

stricta CV 

Pentaschistis 

eriostoma CV 

Stipagrostis 

cf. zeyheri CV 

Tribolium 

uniolae CV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 

parviflora CV 

virgata CV 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis CV 

gaudichaudiana CV 

unispicata CV 

Restio 

cf. filiformis CV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 6B (GYDO PASS) 


ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 


ASTERACEAE 

Dicerothamnus 


Euryops 

abrotanifolius CV 

Helichrysum 

cf. hebelepis CV 

Myrovernix 

glandulosus CV 

Oedera 

squarrosa CV 

Seriphium 

plumosum CV 

Syncarpha 

staehelina CV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

scoparia CV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra CV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 


FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 


PROTEACEAE 

Protea 

laurifolia CV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

ruscifolia CV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 


21 





Selago 

venosa CV 


POACEAE 

Merxmuellera 

stricta CV 

Pentaschistis 

eriostoma CV 

Stipagrostis 


RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

gaudichaudiana CV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 6C (GYDO PASS) 


ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 

trifurcata CV 

Helichrysum 


Metalasia 

densa CV 

Myrovernix 

cf. glandulosus CV 

Seriphium 

plumosum CV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 


PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

rubrum CV 

salignum CV 

Protea 

laurifolia CV 

repens CV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

ruscifolia CV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 



Selago 

venosa CV 


POACEAE 

Ehrharta 

ramosa CV 

Stipagrostis 


RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 

parviflora CV 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis CV 

unispicata CV 

22 




WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 7A (RIETFONTEIN - SANDSTONE) 


ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

scytophylla KBV 

APIACEAE 


trifida KBV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Microloma 

tenuifolium KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Chrysocoma 


Dicerothamnus 


Euryops 

abrotanifolius KBV 

Felicia 

filifolia subsp. schaeferi KBV 

cf. minima KBV 

Gazania 

rigida KBV 

Helichrysum 


dasyanthum KBV 

Metalasia 

cf. densa KBV 

Myrovernix 

glandulosus KBV 

intricata KBV 

Othonna 

heterophylla KBV 

lingua KBV 

cf. pinnata KBV 

Seriphium 

plumosum KBV 

Syncarpha 

affinis KBV 

canescens KBV 

Ursinia 


BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

scoparia KBV 

CAMPANULACEAE 



CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 


DIPSACACEAE 

Scabiosa 

columbaria KBV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra KBV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 


cf. polifolia KBV 

Euphorbia 

genistoides KBV 

tuberosa KBV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

exacoides KBV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 

myrrhifolium var. myrrhifolium KBV 

LAMIACEAE 

Salvia 

albicaulis KBV 

23 





Erepsia 

gracilis KBV 

Lampranthus 

elegans KBV Us(P) 

Phiambolia 

gydouwensis KBV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


OROBANCHACEAE 

Hyobanche 

sanguinea KBV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

alopecuroides KBV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

salignum KBV 

Protea 


nitida KBV 

RHAMNACEAE 

Phylica 

odorata KBV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

cf. spathulatum KBV 

RUTACEAE 

Agathosma 

capensis KBV 

Diosma 

hirsuta KBV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

strictum KBV 


Selago 

cupressoides KBV 

perplexa KBV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Struthiola 

leptantha KBV 


Zygophyllum 

fulvum KBV 


ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

cf. capensis KBV 

cf. rubicundus KBV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Trachyandra 

revoluta KBV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

nigrescens KBV 

Tetraria 

ustulata KBV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 

juncifolia KBV 

Lachenalia 


IRIDACEAE 

Ixia 


latifolia KBV 

Moraea 

neglecta KBV 

24 




ORCHIDACEAE 

Satyrium 

erectum KBV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 


Ehrharta 

thunbergii KBV 

Festuca 

scabra KBV 

Merxmuellera 

cincta KBV 

stricta KBV 

Pentaschistis 


aurea subsp. aurea KBV 

eriostoma KBV 

pallens KBV 

Tribolium 

uniolae KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 


Ischyrolepis 

capensis KBV 

Restio 

filiformis KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 7B (RIETFONTEIN - SHALE) 


APOCYNACEAE 

Microloma 

tenuifolium KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 


Chrysocoma 


Dicerothamnus 


Felicia 

filifolia KBV 

Gnaphalium 

capense KBV 

Helichrysum 


Myrovernix 

glandulosus KBV 

intricata KBV 

Senecio 

hastatus KBV 

Seriphium 

cf. plumosum KBV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

scoparia KBV 

CAMPANULACEAE 



Wahlenbergia 

rubioides KBV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 


cf. polifolia KBV 

FABACEAE 

Indigofera 

digitata KBV 

25 




GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

exacoides KBV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 

cf. rapaceum KBV 

LAMIACEAE 

Salvia 

albicaulis KBV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 

althaeifolia KBV 



Lampranthus 

elegans KBV Us(P) 

staminodiosus KBV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


OROBANCHACEAE 

Hyobanche 

sanguinea KBV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa KBV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

rubrum KBV 

cf. salignum KBV 

Protea 


RHAMNACEAE 

Phylica 

odorata KBV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

spathulatum KBV 

RUTACEAE 

Diosma 

hirsuta KBV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

strictum KBV 


Selago 

cupressoides KBV 

perplexa KBV 

venosa KBV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Gnidia 

inconspicua KBV 


CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 


IRIDACEAE 

Hesperantha 

cf. falcata KBV 

Ixia 

latifolia KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Holothrix 

villosa KBV 

Satyrium 

erectum KBV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 


Ehrharta 


26 




Festuca 

scabra KBV 

Merxmuellera 

cincta KBV 

stricta KBV 

Tribolium 

uniolae KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 


Ischyrolepis 

capensis KBV 

unispicata KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 8A (SCHOONGEZICHT FARM) 


APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 


Chrysocoma 

cernua KBV 

Dicerothamnus 


Gazania 

cf. rigida KBV 

Gymnodiscus 


Helichrysum 


Metalasia 

densa KBV 

Senecio 

erosus KBV 

cf. glutinosus KBV 

Seriphium 

plumosum KBV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

pinnata KBV 

DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 


EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

polifolia KBV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

villosa KBV 

MOLLUGINACEAE 

Pharnaceum 

microphyllum var. albens KBV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Nylandtia 

spinosa KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 


PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

cf. chamelaea KBV E 


Spatalla 

caudata KBV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 


27 





Selago 

glabrata KBV 


ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 


CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

indica KBV 

IRIDACEAE 

Gladiolus 

carinatus KBV 

Ixia 


rapunculoides var. flaccida KBV 

POACEAE 

Ehrharta 

calycina KBV 

Festuca 

scabra KBV 

Pennisetum 

macrourum KBV 

Stipagrostis 

zeyheri KBV 

Themeda 

triandra KBV 

Tribolium 

uniolae KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 


Ischyrolepis 

capensis KBV 

gossypina KBV 

Staberoha 


Thamnochortus 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 8B (SCHOONGEZICHT FARM) 


APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Arctotis 

acaulis KBV 

Dicerothamnus 


Felicia 

filifolia KBV 

Gymnodiscus 


Metalasia 

densa KBV 

Senecio 

erosus KBV 

glutinosus KBV 

Seriphium 

plumosum KBV 

spirale KBV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis KBV 

28 




DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 



EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

polifolia KBV 

Euphorbia 

tuberosa KBV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 


PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 


salignum KBV 


Spatalla 

caudata KBV 

RUTACEAE 

Diosma 

hirsuta KBV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Gnidia 

cf. inconspicua KBV 



ALLIACEAE 

Tulbaghia 

dregeana KBV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 


HAEMODORACEAE 

Wachendorfia 

paniculata KBV 


Caesia 

contorta KBV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Drimia 

filifolia KBV 

IRIDACEAE 

Babiana 

stricta KBV 

Gladiolus 

carinatus KBV 

Ixia 


rapunculoides var. flaccida KBV 

Moraea 

neglecta KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Holothrix 

villosa KBV 

POACEAE 

Ehrharta 


Pennisetum 

macrourum KBV 

Themeda 

triandra KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 


Elegia 

filacea KBV 

neesii KBV 

29 




Ischyrolepis 

capensis KBV 

Staberoha 


Thamnochortus 


Willdenowia 

sulcata KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 8C (SCHOONGEZICHT FARM) 


ASTERACEAE 

Gymnodiscus 


Haplocarpha 


Helichrysum 


Hypochaeris 

* glabra KBV 

Metalasia 

densa KBV 

Seriphium 

plumosum KBV 

Ursinia 


CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis KBV 

Lobelia 

capillifolia KBV 

DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 


trinervia KBV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

argentea KBV 

inflata KBV 


FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

villosa KBV 

Ornithopus 

* sativus KBV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 


MOLLUGINACEAE 

Adenogramma 

mollugo KBV 

Psammotropha 

anguina KBV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

heisteria KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 


PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 


cf. rubrum KBV 


Spatalla 

caudata KBV 

RUTACEAE 

Diosma 

hirsuta KBV 

30 





ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 

triquetra KBV 


Caesia 

contorta KBV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

capensis KBV 


IRIDACEAE 

Gladiolus 

alatus KBV 

Lapeirousia 

falcata KBV 

Moraea 

citrina KBV 


Romulea 

rosea KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Satyrium 

bicorne KBV 

Schizodium 

flexuosum KBV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 


Pentaschistis 

pallida KBV 

Stipagrostis 


Themeda 

triandra KBV 

Vulpia 

* myuros KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Elegia 

filacea KBV 

Ischyrolepis 

gossypina KBV 

Staberoha 


Thamnochortus 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 8D (SCHOONGEZICHT FARM) 


ASTERACEAE 

Arctotis 

acaulis KBV 

Dicerothamnus 


Gymnodiscus 


Helichrysum 

helianthemifolium KBV 

Metalasia 

densa KBV 

Othonna 

pinnata KBV 

Senecio 


Ursinia 


BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

pinnata KBV 

31 




DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 


trinervia KBV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

caprina KBV 

longipedunculata KBV 


FABACEAE 

Rafnia 

spicata KBV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa KBV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

chamelaea KBV E 

Spatalla 

caudata KBV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 



ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 


trinervis KBV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

indica KBV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Lachenalia 

zeyheri KBV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

capensis KBV 

IRIDACEAE 

Bobartia 

rufa KBV 

Geissorhiza 

juncea KBV 

Gladiolus 

alatus KBV 

carinatus KBV 

Hesperantha 


Moraea 

citrina KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Schizodium 

flexuosum KBV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 


Ehrharta 


Pentaschistis 

airoides KBV 

Stipagrostis 


RESTIONACEAE 

Elegia 

filacea KBV 

Ischyrolepis 

gossypina KBV 

Staberoha 


Thamnochortus 


32 




WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 8E (SCHOONGEZICHT FARM) 


APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Arctotis 

cf. acaulis KBV 

Haplocarpha 


Othonna 

pinnata KBV 

Senecio 

erosus KBV 

Stoebe 

capitata KBV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

pinnata KBV 

DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 


trinervia KBV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

muscosa KBV 


FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

cf. divaricata KBV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 



Erepsia 

gracilis KBV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa KBV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

chamelaea KBV E 


Spatalla 

caudata KBV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Gnidia 



ALLIACEAE 

Tulbaghia 

dregeana KBV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 


CYPERACEAE 

Tetraria 


HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

capensis KBV 

cf. schlechteri KBV 

IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

dichotoma KBV 

Babiana 

ambigua KBV 

Geissorhiza 

imbricata KBV 

Gladiolus 

alatus KBV 

33 




Moraea 

citrina KBV 


Romulea 

rosea KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Schizodium 

flexuosum KBV 

POACEAE 

Cymbopogon 

marginatus KBV 

Stipagrostis 


Themeda 

triandra KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Elegia 


filacea KBV 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis KBV 

Staberoha 


Thamnochortus 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 8F (SCHOONGEZICHT FARM) - WETLAND 


ARALIACEAE 

Centella 

asiatica KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Felicia 


Othonna 

pinnata KBV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Wimmerella 

bifida KBV 

DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 

trinervia KBV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 


EUPHORBIACEAE 

Euphorbia 


OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa KBV 


CYPERACEAE 

Eleocharis 

limosa KBV 

Ficinia 

indica KBV 

Isolepis 

rubicunda KBV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

aquatica KBV 

IRIDACEAE 

Geissorhiza 

juncea KBV 

Hesperantha 


34 




Micranthus 

junceus KBV 

Moraea 


JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

lomatophyllus KBV 

oxycarpus KBV 

punctorius KBV 

POACEAE 

Agrostis 


Leptochloa 

fusca KBV 

Pennisetum 

macrourum KBV 

Stipagrostis 


RESTIONACEAE 

Elegia 

cf. asperiflora KBV 

Ischyrolepis 

wallichii KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 9 (OPDRAG FARM) 


APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus AWV 

ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 

cf. trifurcata AWV 

Chrysocoma 

oblongifolia AWV 

Corymbium 

africanum subsp. scabridum var. scabridum AWV 

villosum AWV 

Cotula 

turbinata AWV 

Dimorphotheca 

nudicaulis AWV 

Euryops 

abrotanifolius AWV 

Gazania 

rigida AWV 

Gerbera 

crocea AWV 

Helichrysum 

tinctum AWV 

Metalasia 

densa AWV 

Myrovernix 

glandulosus AWV 

Othonna 

heterophylla AWV 

Senecio 

angustifolius AWV 

tuberosus AWV 

Seriphium 

plumosum AWV 

Stoebe 

capitata AWV 

Zyrphelis 

pilosella AWV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

phyteuma AWV 

volubilis AWV 

Lobelia 

erinus AWV 

35 






DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 

cistiflora AWV 

trinervia AWV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bicolor AWV 

bruniades AWV 


nudiflora AWV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

alaternoides AWV 

Euphorbia 

tuberosa AWV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

cf. arida AWV 

brevicarpa AWV 

ciliaris AWV 

crenata AWV 

cf. linearis AWV 

sp. nov. abl 9296 AWV 

Indigofera 

digitata AWV 

Rafnia 

spicata AWV 

Vicia 

* benghalensis AWV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

aurea AWV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 

multicaule AWV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa AWV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Polygala 

refracta AWV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 

acetosella subsp. angiocarpus AWV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

cf. chamelaea AWV E 

salignum AWV 

Protea 

laurifolia AWV 

RHAMNACEAE 

Phylica 

imberbis AWV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

ruscifolia AWV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

spathulatum AWV 

RUTACEAE 

Agathosma 

capensis AWV 

Diosma 

hirsuta AWV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

virgatum AWV 


Cromidon 


36 




THYMELAEACEAE 

Gnidia 

inconspicua AWV 


ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 

caudafelis AWV 

Trachyandra 

flexifolia AWV 

COLCHICACEAE 

Onixotis 

punctata AWV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

albicans AWV 

indica AWV 

oligantha AWV 

Tetraria 

crinifolia AWV 


picta AWV 

HAEMODORACEAE 

Wachendorfia 

paniculata AWV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Lachenalia 

cf. pallida AWV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

capensis AWV 

IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

africana AWV 

bakeri AWV 

simplex AWV 

Geissorhiza 

juncea AWV 

parva AWV 

Gladiolus 

hirsutus AWV 

liliaceus AWV 


Hesperantha 

falcata AWV 

radiata AWV 

Ixia 

latifolia var. angustifolia AWV 

Moraea 

citrina AWV 

unguiculata AWV 

Romulea 

rosea AWV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Disa 

bracteata AWV 

Pterygodium 

catholicum AWV 

Satyrium 

bicorne AWV 

coriifolium AWV 

Schizodium 

flexuosum AWV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 

cf. junciformis AWV 

Cymbopogon 

marginatus AWV 

Ehrharta 

calycina AWV 

Festuca 

scabra AWV 

37 




Imperata 


Merxmuellera 

lupulina AWV 

stricta AWV 

Pentaschistis 

curvifolia AWV 

patula AWV 

Tribolium 

uniolae AWV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Elegia 

vaginulata AWV 

Hypodiscus 

laevigatus AWV 

willdenowia AWV 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis AWV 

Restio 

filiformis AWV 

pedicellatus AWV 

Staberoha 

distachyos AWV 

Thamnochortus 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 10A (SLAGBOOM FARM) 


ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 


Cotula 

turbinata AWV 

Dicerothamnus 

rhinocerotis AWV 

Felicia 

dubia AWV 

Helichrysum 



tinctum AWV 

Leysera 

gnaphalodes AWV 

Senecio 


tuberosus AWV 

Seriphium 

plumosum AWV 

Ursinia 


CAMPANULACEAE 

Monopsis 

debilis AWV 


Corrigiola 

litoralis AWV 

DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 

cistiflora AWV 

trinervia AWV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

aurea AWV 

exacoides AWV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa AWV 

38 






Aponogeton 


ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 

triquetra AWV 

COLCHICACEAE 

Onixotis 

punctata AWV 

stricta AWV 

Wurmbea 

inusta AWV 

CYPERACEAE 

Cyperus 

tenellus AWV 

Eleocharis 

limosa AWV 

Isolepis 

cernua var. setiformis AWV 

diabolica AWV 

rubicunda AWV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Drimia 

filifolia AWV 

Lachenalia 

zeyheri AWV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

cf. ovata AWV 


IRIDACEAE 

Geissorhiza 

juncea AWV 

setacea AWV 

Gladiolus 


Moraea 

citrina AWV 

Romulea 

rosea AWV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

oxycarpus AWV 

scabriusculus AWV 

JUNCAGINACEAE 

Triglochin 

bulbosa AWV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Holothrix 

villosa AWV 

POACEAE 

Briza 

* maxima AWV 

* minor AWV 

Eragrostis 

curvula AWV 

Merxmuellera 

stricta AWV 

Pennisetum 

macrourum AWV 

Pentaschistis 

airoides AWV 

Themeda 

triandra AWV 

Tribolium 

uniolae AWV 

Vulpia 

* muralis AWV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

wallichii AWV 

Staberoha 


39 




Thamnochortus 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 10B (SLAGBOOM FARM) 


ASTERACEAE 

Dicerothamnus 


Helichrysum 

indicum AWV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bruniades AWV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

glaberrimum AWV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 



CYPERACEAE 

Eleocharis 

limosa AWV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

oxycarpus AWV 

POACEAE 

Agrostis 

* avenacea AWV 

Eragrostis 

capensis AWV 

Paspalum 

* urvillei AWV 

Pennisetum 

macrourum AWV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis AWV 

Rhodocoma 

cf. capensis AWV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 11A (WAKKERSTROOM FARM) - TERRESTRIAL 


ANEMIACEAE 

Mohria 

caffrorum AWV 


ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 



monilifera AWV 

Corymbium 

villosum AWV 

Dicerothamnus 


Eriocephalus 

cf. africanus AWV 

Euryops 


Felicia 

minima AWV 

40 




Helichrysum 

cf. cylindriflorum AWV 


helianthemifolium AWV 


Metalasia 

densa AWV 

Senecio 

cf. arenarius AWV 

erosus AWV 

hastatus AWV 

rigidus AWV 

Seriphium 

plumosum AWV 

Stoebe 

capitata AWV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

variabilis AWV 

BRUNIACEAE 

Brunia 

noduliflora AWV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis AWV 



fruticosus AWV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 

fascicularis AWV 

simulans AWV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

abietina subsp. aurantiaca AWV 

bicolor AWV 

cf. cristiflora AWV 


lavandulifolia AWV 

lucida AWV 

parilis AWV 

pubescens AWV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 


Euphorbia 

erythrina AWV 


FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

brevicarpa AWV 

crenata AWV 

triquetra AWV 

Indigofera 

digitata AWV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

exacoides AWV 


GERANIACEAE 

Geranium 

canescens AWV 

Pelargonium 


tabulare AWV 

LAMIACEAE 

Salvia 

albicaulis AWV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 

cf. caryophyllacea AWV 

41 




OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

commutata AWV 

obtusa AWV 

purpurea AWV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

cf. heisteria AWV 

Polygala 

refracta AWV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

salignum AWV 

Protea 

cf. acaulos AWV 


nitida AWV 

repens AWV 

Serruria 

effusa AWV 

RHAMNACEAE 

Phylica 

imberbis AWV 

strigulosa AWV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

cristata AWV 


sericea AWV 

Rubus 

rigidus AWV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

aethiopicum AWV 

RUTACEAE 

Agathosma 

capensis AWV 

Diosma 

hirsuta AWV 


Cromidon 


Hebenstretia 

robusta AWV 

Nemesia 

anisocarpa AWV 

Selago 

corymbosa AWV 

venosa AWV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Struthiola 

ciliata AWV 


ARACEAE 

Zantedeschia 


ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

rubicundus AWV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 

caudafelis AWV 

COLCHICACEAE 

Onixotis 

punctata AWV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

indica AWV 

nigrescens AWV 

oligantha AWV 

42 




Tetraria 

cuspidata AWV 


ustulata AWV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Lachenalia 

cf. pallida AWV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

capensis AWV 

ovata AWV 

IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

cf. capitata AWV 

Babiana 

disticha AWV 

Geissorhiza 

juncea AWV 

Gladiolus 

carinatus AWV 

hyalinus AWV 

quadrangularis AWV 

quadrangulus AWV E 

Hesperantha 

falcata AWV 

radiata AWV 

Ixia 

capillaris AWV 

latifolia AWV 

Moraea 

cookii AWV 

tricuspidata AWV 

Watsonia 

fourcadei AWV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Pterygodium 

cf. catholicum AWV 

Satyrium 

bicorne AWV 

erectum AWV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 

junciformis AWV 

Chaetobromus 

involucratus subsp. dregeanus AWV 

Cymbopogon 


Ehrharta 

calycina AWV 

Merxmuellera 

lupulina AWV 

Pentaschistis 

airoides AWV 

colorata AWV 

Stipagrostis 

cf. zeyheri AWV 

Themeda 

triandra AWV 

Tribolium 

hispidum AWV 

Vulpia 

* muralis AWV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 

parviflora AWV 

Elegia 

filacea AWV 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis AWV 

gaudichaudiana AWV 

cf. gossypina AWV 

sieberi AWV 

Restio 


43 




WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 11B (WAKKERSTROOM FARM) - STREAMLINE 


BLECHNACEAE 

Blechnum 

punctulatum AWV 


ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

angustifolia AWV 

ASTERACEAE 

Seriphium 

plumosum AWV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Euphorbia 


FABACEAE 

Acacia 

* mearnsii AWV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

strobilifera AWV 

Rubus 

cf. rigidus AWV 


Freylinia 

lanceolata AWV 


ARACEAE 

Zantedeschia 


ASPHODELACEAE 

Kniphofia 

uvaria AWV 

CYPERACEAE 

Carpha 

glomerata AWV 

Isolepis 

cf. prolifera AWV 

POACEAE 

Imperata 


Pennisetum 

macrourum AWV 

Pentaschistis 

aurea AWV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Calopsis 

paniculata AWV 

Elegia 

capensis AWV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 12 (STERKSTROOM FARM) 


ANEMIACEAE 

Mohria 

caffrorum BRV 

PTERIDACEAE 

Cheilanthes 

hastata BRV 

Division Gymnospermae 

PINACEAE 

Pinus 

* radiata BRV 

44 





ANACARDIACEAE 

Heeria 

argentea BRV 

Rhus 

angustifolia BRV 

cf. rosmarinifolia BRV 

tomentosa BRV 

APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus BRV 


trifida BRV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Microloma 

sagittatum BRV 

ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 

cf. trifurcata BRV 


monilifera BRV 

Chrysocoma 


Cineraria 

geifolia BRV 

Dicerothamnus 

rhinocerotis BRV 

Eriocephalus 

africanus BRV 

Euryops 

abrotanifolius BRV 

Felicia 

hispida BRV 

Helichrysum 

cylindriflorum BRV 

dasyanthum BRV 

pandurifolium BRV 


Leysera 

gnaphalodes BRV 

Metalasia 

cf. densa BRV 

Myrovernix 

glandulosus BRV 


Osteospermum 

rigidum BRV 

Senecio 

angustifolius BRV 

cf. paniculatus BRV 

pinnulatus BRV 

Seriphium 

plumosum BRV 

Ursinia 

anthemoides subsp. anthemoides BRV 

BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

dorotheae BRV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

cf. scoparia BRV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

phyteuma BRV 

volubilis BRV 

Wahlenbergia 

capensis BRV 

CELASTRACEAE 

Maytenus 

oleoides BRV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 


45 




DIPSACACEAE 

Scabiosa 

columbaria BRV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra BRV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bicolor BRV 

calycina BRV 


EUPHORBIACEAE 

Euphorbia 

erythrina BRV 

FABACEAE 

Acacia 


Aspalathus 


perfoliata subsp. perfoliata BRV 

vulnerans BRV 

Dipogon 

lignosus BRV 

Indigofera 

digitata BRV 

Otholobium 

cf. virgatum BRV 

Podalyria 

cf. cordata BRV R 

Rafnia 

acuminata BRV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Chironia 

baccifera BRV 

Sebaea 

exacoides BRV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 

multicaule BRV 


tabulare BRV 

LAMIACEAE 

Salvia 


Stachys 


LAURACEAE 

Cassytha 

cf. ciliolata BRV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 

alnifolia BRV 

hyssopifolia BRV 



Cissampelos 

capensis BRV 


Erepsia 

aspera BRV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


OLEACEAE 

Olea 


OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

livida BRV 

purpurea BRV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

heisteria BRV 

46 




PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

rubrum BRV 

salignum BRV 

Protea 

laurifolia BRV 

nitida BRV 

repens BRV 

Serruria 

pedunculata BRV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 


polygonifolia BRV 

ruscifolia BRV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

aethiopicum BRV 

spathulatum BRV 

RUTACEAE 

Adenandra 

marginata BRV 

Agathosma 

betulina BRV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

hispidulum BRV 

strictum BRV 

subnudum BRV 

SAPINDACEAE 

Dodonaea 

viscosa var. angustifolia BRV 


Hebenstretia 

lanceolata BRV 

Oftia 

africana BRV 

Pseudoselago 

densifolia BRV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Passerina 

corymbosa BRV 


Zygophyllum 

fulvum BRV 


ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

rubicundus BRV 

scandens BRV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbine 

praemorsa BRV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

capitella BRV 

deusta BRV 

oligantha BRV 

Tetraria 

ustulata BRV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Lachenalia 

orchioides BRV 

pallida BRV 

IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

africana BRV 

Bobartia 

cf. gladiata subsp. teres BRV 

Geissorhiza 

aspera BRV 

47 




Gladiolus 

carneus BRV 

Ixia 

dubia BRV 

polystachya var. polystachya BRV 

viridiflora BRV V 

Tritonia 

crispa BRV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Disa 

bracteata BRV 

Holothrix 

villosa BRV 

Satyrium 

bicorne BRV 

POACEAE 

Cymbopogon 

marginatus BRV 

Ehrharta 

calycina BRV 

Festuca 

scabra BRV 

Pentaschistis 

aurea BRV 

pallida BRV 

Themeda 

triandra BRV 

Tribolium 

hispidum BRV 

uniolae BRV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis BRV 


Cyanella 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 13A (DE HEUWEL FARM - RIDGE) 


ANEMIACEAE 

Mohria 

caffrorum BRV 


AIZOACEAE 

Acrosanthes 


Tetragonia 

arbuscula BRV 

spicata BRV 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

cf. rosmarinifolia BRV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Microloma 


tenuifolium BRV 

ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 


Chrysocoma 


Cotula 

turbinata BRV 

Dicerothamnus 


Dimorphotheca 

pluvialis BRV 

48 




Eriocephalus 

africanus BRV 

Euryops 


Felicia 

filifolia BRV 

tenella BRV 

Gorteria 

personata BRV 

Helichrysum 


Leysera 


Metalasia 

densa BRV 

Myrovernix 


Printzia 

polifolia BRV 

Relhania 

fruticosa BRV 

Senecio 

cf. littoreus var. hispidulus BRV 


Ursinia 

anthemoides BRV 

cakilefolia BRV 


BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

dorotheae BRV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

variabilis BRV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

bulbosa BRV 

Lobelia 

capillifolia BRV 


Silene 

* gallica BRV 


Convolvulus 

capensis BRV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 


EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra BRV 

Euclea 

cf. tomentosa BRV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

polifolia BRV 

Euphorbia 

tuberosa BRV 

FABACEAE 

Acacia 



Aspalathus 

brevicarpa BRV 

crenata BRV 

divaricata subsp. divaricata BRV 


spinosa subsp. flavispina BRV 


Lotononis 


GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

exacoides BRV 

49 




GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 


pinnatum BRV 

triste BRV 

LAMIACEAE 

Salvia 

cf. africana-caerulea BRV 


LAURACEAE 

Cassytha 

ciliolata BRV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 

alnifolia BRV 

confusa BRV 


Dorotheanthus 

bellidiformis subsp. bellidiformis BRV 

Drosanthemum 

calycinum BRV 

hispifolium BRV Us 

Lampranthus 


Ruschiella 

argentea BRV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


OROBANCHACEAE 

Hyobanche 

sanguinea BRV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa BRV 

pes-caprae BRV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

cf. heisteria BRV 

Polygala 

scabra BRV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

rubrum BRV 

salignum BRV 

Leucospermum 

vestitum BRV 

Protea 


nitida BRV 

repens BRV 

RHAMNACEAE 

Phylica 

plumosa BRV 

spicata BRV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 


RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 



RUTACEAE 

Agathosma 

capensis BRV 

Diosma 

hirsuta BRV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

strictum BRV 

subnudum BRV 

SAPINDACEAE 

Dodonaea 


50 





Oftia 

africana BRV 

Pseudoselago 

spuria BRV 

Selago 

cupressoides BRV 

Sutera 

uncinata BRV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Passerina 

truncata BRV 

Struthiola 

cf. ciliata BRV 

leptantha BRV 


Zygophyllum 

fulvum BRV 



Haemanthus 

cf. coccineus BRV 

ANTHERICACEAE 

Chlorophytum 

undulatum BRV 

ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

capensis BRV 


ASPHODELACEAE 

Trachyandra 

revoluta BRV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

nigrescens BRV 

Tetraria 

cuspidata BRV 

ustulata BRV 

HAEMODORACEAE 

Wachendorfia 



Caesia 

contorta BRV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 

aurea BRV 

cooperi BRV 

Lachenalia 

unifolia BRV 

Ornithogalum 

suaveolens BRV 


IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

africana BRV 

Babiana 


Gladiolus 

alatus BRV 

Ixia 

odorata BRV 

Moraea 

flaccida BRV 

gawleri BRV 

lewisiae BRV 

Tritonia 

crispa BRV 

Watsonia 

marginata BRV 

51 




ORCHIDACEAE 

Satyrium 

erectum BRV 

POACEAE 

Cymbopogon 


Ehrharta 

cf. calycina BRV 

capensis BRV 

Festuca 

scabra BRV 

Pentaschistis 

pallida BRV 

Themeda 

triandra BRV 

Tribolium 

hispidum BRV 

uniolae BRV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis BRV 

gaudichaudiana BRV 


Cyanella 


lutea BRV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 13B (DE HEUWEL FARM - FLATS) 


ANEMIACEAE 

Mohria 

caffrorum BRV 


AIZOACEAE 

Galenia 

africana BRV 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

glauca BRV 

undulata BRV 

APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus BRV 

ASTERACEAE 

Arctotis 

acaulis BRV 

Athanasia 

trifurcata BRV 

Chrysocoma 


Dicerothamnus 


Dimorphotheca 

pluvialis BRV 

sinuata BRV 

Eriocephalus 

africanus BRV 

Euryops 


Felicia 

tenella BRV 

Helichrysum 


Leysera 


Relhania 

fruticosa BRV 

52 




Senecio 

arenarius BRV 

Tripteris 


Ursinia 


BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

dorotheae BRV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis BRV 

DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 

cistiflora BRV 

EBENACEAE 

Euclea 

tomentosa BRV 

FABACEAE 

Acacia 


* saligna BRV 

Otholobium 


GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

exacoides BRV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 


LAMIACEAE 

Salvia 

cf. chamelaeagnea BRV 


Carpanthea 

pomeridiana BRV 


curtophyllum BRV 

Drosanthemum 

calycinum BRV 

Lampranthus 


Ruschiella 

lunulata BRV 

MOLLUGINACEAE 

Limeum 

africanum BRV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


OLEACEAE 

Olea 


POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

heisteria BRV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

salignum BRV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Passerina 

truncata BRV 


ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

cf. rubicundus BRV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Trachyandra 


COLCHICACEAE 

Baeometra 

uniflora BRV 

53 




CYPERACEAE 

Cyperus 

longus BRV 

Ficinia 

capitella BRV 

HAEMODORACEAE 

Wachendorfia 


HYACINTHACEAE 

Lachenalia 


unicolor BRV 

Ornithogalum 

dubium BRV 

cf. thyrsoides BRV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

capensis BRV 

IRIDACEAE 

Babiana 


villosa BRV 

Ferraria 


Geissorhiza 

aspera BRV 

imbricata BRV 

Gladiolus 

alatus BRV 

Moraea 

fugax BRV 

gawleri BRV 

lewisiae BRV 

villosa BRV K 

Sparaxis 

grandiflora BRV R 

villosa BRV 

POACEAE 

Briza 

* minor BRV 

Ehrharta 

calycina BRV 

Eragrostis 

curvula BRV 

Pentaschistis 

pallida BRV 

Themeda 

triandra BRV 

Tribolium 

uniolae BRV 


Cyanella 


lutea BRV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 14 (WYSERSDRIF - WETLAND) 


AIZOACEAE 

Tetragonia 

spicata BRV 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 


ARALIACEAE 

Centella 

asiatica BRV 

ASTERACEAE 

Arctotheca 

prostrata BRV 

54 




Athanasia 


Conyza 

scabrida BRV 

Cotula 

turbinata BRV 

Dimorphotheca 

cf. pluvialis BRV 

Gnaphalium 

pauciflorum BRV 

Helichrysum 

cf. cymosum BRV 

foetidum var. foetidum BRV 

helianthemifolium BRV 

indicum BRV 

Hypochaeris 

* glabra BRV 

Leysera 



luteo-album BRV 

Pulicaria 

scabra BRV 

Senecio 


cf. burchellii BRV 


Seriphium 

plumosum BRV 

Ursinia 


punctata BRV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

linoides BRV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Lobelia 

erinus BRV 

Monopsis 

debilis BRV 

Wahlenbergia 

procumbens BRV 


Corrigiola 

litoralis BRV 

Silene 

* gallica BRV 

Spergula 


EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra BRV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 


hispida BRV 

Lotononis 

involucrata subsp. peduncularis BRV 

Lotus 

* subbiflorus BRV 

Ornithopus 

* sativus BRV 

FUMARIACEAE 

Fumaria 

* muralis BRV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

aurea BRV 

GERANIACEAE 

Erodium 

* botrys BRV 

Pelargonium 

grossularioides BRV 

lobatum BRV 

55 





Cleretum 

papulosum BRV 

MOLLUGINACEAE 

Adenogramma 

mollugo BRV 

MYRICACEAE 

Morella 

serrata BRV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

fergusonae BRV 

obtusa BRV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Persicaria 

decipiens BRV 

* lapathifolia BRV 

Rumex 

acetosella subsp. angiocarpus BRV 

PRIMULACEAE 

Anagallis 

* cf. arvensis BRV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

strobilifera BRV 

Rubus 

rigidus BRV 



Aponogeton 

distachyos BRV 

ARACEAE 

Zantedeschia 


ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

lignosus BRV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Kniphofia 

uvaria BRV 

Trachyandra 

revoluta BRV 

CYPERACEAE 

Cyperus 


longus BRV 


Eleocharis 

limosa BRV 

Ficinia 

indica BRV 

nodosa BRV 

Isolepis 

prolifera BRV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Lachenalia 


fistulosa BRV 

Ornithogalum 


HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

aquatica BRV 

capensis BRV 

IRIDACEAE 

Geissorhiza 

ornithogaloides subsp. ornithogaloides BRV 

Gladiolus 

alatus BRV 

Hesperantha 

falcata BRV 

Lapeirousia 

anceps BRV 

56 




Moraea 

flaccida BRV 

fugax BRV 

tripetala BRV 

Watsonia 

meriana BRV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

oxycarpus BRV 

POACEAE 

Agrostis 

* avenacea BRV 

Briza 

* minor BRV 

Cynodon 

dactylon BRV 

Ehrharta 

calycina BRV 

Eragrostis 

curvula BRV 

Festuca 

cf. scabra BRV 

Imperata 

cylindrica BRV 

Pennisetum 

macrourum BRV 

Pentaschistis 

patula BRV 

Phalaris 

* minor BRV 

Polypogon 

* monspeliensis BRV 

Themeda 

triandra BRV 

Vulpia 

* myuros BRV 

PRIONIACEAE 

Prionium 

serratum BRV 


Cyanella 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 15 (WYSERSDRIF - TERRESTRIAL) 


APIACEAE 


trifida BRV 

ASTERACEAE 

Arctotheca 

calendula BRV 

Arctotis 

acaulis BRV 

Athanasia 


Chrysocoma 


Corymbium 

africanum subsp. scabridum BRV 

Gnaphalium 

capense BRV 

Helichrysum 

hebelepis BRV 

Lachnospermum 

fasciculatum BRV 

Myrovernix 


Othonna 

pinnata BRV 

57 




Senecio 


arenarius BRV 



Seriphium 

plumosum BRV 

Tripteris 


Ursinia 

rigidula BRV 

BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

trichotomus BRV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

linoides BRV 

variabilis BRV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

bulbosa BRV 

volubilis BRV 

Lobelia 



Dianthus 

bolusii BRV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 


EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra BRV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

cerinthoides BRV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

alaternoides BRV 

Euphorbia 

tuberosa BRV 

FABACEAE 

Acacia 

* saligna BRV 

Aspalathus 


arida subsp. procumbens BRV 

desertorum BRV R 


Rafnia 

acuminata BRV 

capensis BRV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 

myrrhifolium var. myrrhifolium BRV 

triste BRV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 


MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa BRV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 


heisteria BRV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 

cordatus BRV 

58 




PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

chamelaea BRV E 

salignum BRV 

Leucospermum 

calligerum BRV 

Protea 

scorzonerifolia BRV 

Serruria 

effusa BRV 


RHAMNACEAE 



RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

cf. aethiopicum BRV 


RUTACEAE 

Agathosma 

capensis BRV 

Diosma 

acmaeophylla BRV 

hirsuta BRV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

strictum BRV 

subnudum BRV 



tephrodes BRV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Passerina 

cf. corymbosa BRV 

Struthiola 

leptantha BRV 


Zygophyllum 

fulvum BRV 


V 


ASPHODELACEAE 

Trachyandra 

chlamydophylla BRV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

bulbosa BRV 

capitella BRV 

deusta BRV 


HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 

cooperi BRV 

Drimia 

filifolia BRV 

Lachenalia 

orchioides BRV 

unicolor BRV 

IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

bakeri BRV 

bracteata BRV 

Babiana 

disticha BRV 

stricta BRV 

Gladiolus 

carinatus BRV 

hirsutus BRV 

Hesperantha 

radiata BRV 

59 




Ixia 

capillaris BRV 

Micranthus 

alopecuroides BRV 

Moraea 

flaccida BRV 

gawleri BRV 

Tritoniopsis 

antholyza BRV 

Watsonia 


ORCHIDACEAE 

Satyrium 

erectum BRV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 

diffusa BRV 

Cymbopogon 


Ehrharta 

calycina BRV 

Merxmuellera 

stricta BRV 

Pentaschistis 

cf. airoides BRV 

Stipagrostis 

zeyheri BRV 

Themeda 

triandra BRV 

Tribolium 

hispidum BRV 

uniolae BRV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis BRV 

Staberoha 


Thamnochortus 

schlechteri BRV 

Willdenowia 

arescens BRV 


Cyanella 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 16 (WAAIHOEK ASCENT) 


PINACEAE 

Pinus 

* cf. pinaster BRV 

* cf. radiata BRV 


ANACARDIACEAE 

Heeria 

argentea BRV 

Rhus 


rosmarinifolia BRV 

tomentosa BRV 

undulata BRV 

APIACEAE 

Peucedanum 

galbanum BRV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Microloma 


60 




ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 

cf. trifurcata BRV 


monilifera BRV 

Cullumia 

ciliaris BRV 

Dicerothamnus 


Euryops 


Helichrysum 

hebelepis BRV 

pandurifolium BRV 

revolutum BRV 


Metalasia 

densa BRV 

Myrovernix 


Printzia 

polifolia BRV 


undulatum BRV 

Pteronia 

camphorata var. armata BRV 

Relhania 

fruticosa BRV 

Seriphium 

plumosum BRV 

Ursinia 


BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

dorotheae BRV 

CAMPANULACEAE 


pedunculatus BRV 

CELASTRACEAE 

Cassine 

schinoides BRV 

Maytenus 

oleoides BRV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra BRV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bicolor BRV 

lucida BRV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

alaternoides BRV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

linearifolia BRV 


Hypocalyptus 

sophoroides BRV 

Otholobium 

cf. spissum BRV R 

Rafnia 

acuminata BRV 

Vicia 

* cf. benghalensis BRV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

exacoides BRV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 


scabrum BRV 

61 




LAMIACEAE 

Stachys 


MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 

alnifolia BRV 

confusa BRV 

hyssopifolia BRV 


Cissampelos 

capensis BRV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


MYRSINACEAE 

Myrsine 

africana BRV 

OLEACEAE 

Olea 


OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

purpurea BRV 

PROTEACEAE 

Hakea 

* sericea BRV 

Leucadendron 

rubrum BRV 

salignum BRV 

Protea 


nitida BRV 

repens BRV 

RHAMNACEAE 

Phylica 

excelsa var. papillosa BRV 

imberbis BRV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

dregeana BRV 


RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 


spathulatum subsp. spathulatum BRV 

RUTACEAE 

Diosma 

hirsuta BRV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

strictum BRV 

subnudum BRV 


Selago 

corymbosa BRV 

cf. glabrata BRV 

Sutera 

uncinata BRV 


Zygophyllum 

fulvum BRV 


ANTHERICACEAE 

Chlorophytum 

undulatum BRV 

ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

cf. rubicundus BRV 

CYPERACEAE 

Tetraria 

ustulata BRV 

62 




IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

africana BRV 

bakeri BRV 

bracteata BRV 

cf. capitata BRV 

Hesperantha 

cf. cucullata BRV 

POACEAE 

Ehrharta 

cf. thunbergii BRV 

Pentaschistis 

curvifolia BRV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 

virgata BRV 

Ischyrolepis 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 17 (WITELSBOOM) 


APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus BRV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Gomphocarpus 

cancellatus BRV 

ASTERACEAE 

Chrysocoma 


Corymbium 

cf. villosum BRV 

Dicerothamnus 


Eriocephalus 

cf. africanus BRV 

Helichrysum 


rosum BRV 

rutilans BRV 

Heterolepis 


Metalasia 

densa BRV 

Myrovernix 


Oedera 

imbricata BRV 

Seriphium 

plumosum BRV 

Stoebe 


CAMPANULACEAE 

Lobelia 





Dianthus 

bolusii BRV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 


cf. hispida BRV 


GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 


triste BRV 

63 




LAMIACEAE 

Salvia 

albicaulis BRV 

LAURACEAE 

Cassytha 

ciliolata BRV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 

alnifolia BRV 


Erepsia 

gracilis BRV 

Lampranthus 

falcatus BRV 

pocockiae BRV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


PROTEACEAE 

Hakea 

* cf. sericea BRV 

Leucadendron 

salignum BRV 

Leucospermum 

vestitum BRV 

Protea 


nitida BRV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 



RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 


SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

strictum BRV 

cf. subnudum BRV 



adpressa BRV 

Pseudoselago 

spuria BRV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Struthiola 



ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 


CYPERACEAE 

Tetraria 

exilis BRV 

IRIDACEAE 

Thereianthus 

spicatus BRV 

POACEAE 

Ehrharta 

cf. calycina BRV 

Eragrostis 

curvula BRV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis BRV 


Restio 

filiformis BRV 

Thamnochortus 



64 





Cyanella 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 18 (HELPMEKAAR WETLAND) 



Thelypteris 

confluens KBV 


APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Cotula 

turbinata KBV 

Helichrysum 

foetidum var. foetidum KBV 

helianthemifolium KBV 

indicum KBV 

rosum KBV 

Metalasia 

densa KBV 

Othonna 


Senecio 

lanifer KBV 

rigidus KBV 

Seriphium 

plumosum KBV 

Ursinia 



Vellereophyton 

dealbatum KBV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Raphanus 


CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis KBV 

Monopsis 

debilis KBV 

Wimmerella 

bifida KBV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bergiana KBV 



FABACEAE 

Ornithopus 

* sativus KBV 

HALORAGACEAE 

Laurembergia 


OROBANCHACEAE 

Alectra 

sessiliflora KBV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

cf. obtusa KBV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

heisteria KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 


65 




PROTEACEAE 

Protea 

laevis KBV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

dregeana KBV 

RUTACEAE 

Diosma 

hirsuta KBV 


Dischisma 

ciliatum KBV 


ARACEAE 

Zantedeschia 

aethiopica KBV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 


Kniphofia 

cf. uvaria KBV 

COLCHICACEAE 

Onixotis 

punctata KBV 

CYPERACEAE 

Carpha 

capitellata KBV 

Chrysitrix 


Epischoenus 

gracilis KBV 

Ficinia 

indica KBV 

ixioides KBV 

Fuirena 

hirsuta KBV 

Isolepis 

prolifera KBV 

Tetraria 


cf. fourcadei KBV 

HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

capensis KBV 


IRIDACEAE 

Gladiolus 

alatus KBV 

Hesperantha 

cf. cucullata KBV 

Watsonia 

cf. angusta KBV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 


oxycarpus KBV 

POACEAE 

Anthoxanthum 

ecklonii KBV 

Aristida 


Pennisetum 

macrourum KBV 

Pentaschistis 

aurea KBV 

curvifolia KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Anthochortus 

ecklonii KBV 

Cannomois 

cf. grandis KBV 

66 




Elegia 

capensis KBV 

glomerata KBV 

Ischyrolepis 

cf. helenae KBV 

rivula KBV 

Restio 

cf. miser KBV 

XYRIDACEAE 

Xyris 

capensis KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 19A (HELDERSIG - RENOSTERVELD) 


ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 


Dicerothamnus 


Eriocephalus 


Felicia 

filifolia KBV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 



POACEAE 

Ehrharta 

cf. thunbergii KBV 

Stipagrostis 


Themeda 

triandra KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 19B (HELDERSIG - RENOSTERVELD) 


PTERIDACEAE 

Cheilanthes 

deltoidea KBV 

hastata KBV 


AIZOACEAE 

Galenia 

africana KBV 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

undulata KBV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Microloma 

sagittatum KBV 

ASTERACEAE 


monilifera KBV 

Chrysocoma 

cf. cernua KBV 

Dicerothamnus 


67 




Eriocephalus 



Felicia 

filifolia KBV 

Helichrysum 

revolutum KBV 

Oedera 

squarrosa KBV 

Othonna 

auriculifolia KBV 

Pteronia 

cf. incana KBV 

BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

echioides KBV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

macowaniana KBV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 

muscosa var. muscosa KBV 


Tylecodon 


EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

polifolia KBV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

cf. acuminata KBV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 

carnosum KBV 


Antimima 


triquetra KBV 

Drosanthemum 

calycinum KBV 

glabrescens KBV 

globosum KBV 

Erepsia 

bracteata KBV 

MOLLUGINACEAE 

Pharnaceum 

elongatum KBV 

OROBANCHACEAE 

Hyobanche 

sanguinea KBV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa KBV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Polygala 

scabra KBV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 


SAPINDACEAE 

Dodonaea 

viscosa var. angustifolia KBV 

VISCACEAE 

Viscum 

capense KBV 


ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

capensis KBV 

retrofractus KBV 

68 




ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbine 

praemorsa KBV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 


HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 


maxima KBV 

Ornithogalum 

hispidum subsp. hispidum KBV 

IRIDACEAE 

Babiana 

sambucina KBV 

Ixia 

latifolia KBV 

Moraea 

cookii KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Satyrium 

erectum KBV 

POACEAE 

Ehrharta 


Karroochloa 

purpurea KBV 

Merxmuellera 

stricta KBV 

Pentaschistis 

pallida KBV 

Stipagrostis 


Themeda 

triandra KBV 

Tribolium 

hispidum KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 19C (HELDERSIG - FYNBOS) 


APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus KBV 

ASTERACEAE 

Chrysocoma 

cernua KBV 

Dicerothamnus 


Eriocephalus 


Felicia 

filifolia KBV 

Metalasia 

densa KBV 

Oedera 

sedifolia KBV 

squarrosa KBV 

Syncarpha 

affinis KBV 

Ursinia 


BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

echioides KBV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

descurva KBV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 


69 




Tylecodon 


EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 

polifolia KBV 

Euphorbia 

tuberosa KBV 


Antimima 


triquetra KBV 

MOLLUGINACEAE 

Pharnaceum 

elongatum KBV 

OROBANCHACEAE 

Hyobanche 

sanguinea KBV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 


PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

salignum KBV 

Protea 


RHAMNACEAE 

Phylica 

rigidifolia KBV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

spathulatum KBV 

SAPINDACEAE 

Dodonaea 

viscosa var. angustifolia KBV 


Sutera 

uncinata KBV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Struthiola 

ciliata KBV 


CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 


Tetraria 


HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 


maxima KBV 

Massonia 

depressa KBV 

Ornithogalum 

maculatum KBV 

IRIDACEAE 

Ixia 

latifolia KBV 

Moraea 

cf. cookii KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Satyrium 

erectum KBV 

POACEAE 

Festuca 

scabra KBV 

Merxmuellera 

cf. stricta KBV 

70 




RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 20 (DENNEKRUIN FARM) 


PINACEAE 

Pinus 

* cf. radiata AWV 


ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

angustifolia AWV 

ASTERACEAE 

Helichrysum 


Myrovernix 


Seriphium 

plumosum AWV 

Ursinia 

anthemoides AWV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra AWV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Clutia 


Euphorbia 


GENTIANACEAE 

Chironia 

baccifera AWV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 


MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 

caryophyllacea AWV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

salignum AWV 

Protea 

nitida AWV 

repens AWV 

ROSACEAE 

Rubus 

cf. rigidus AWV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

cf. aethiopicum AWV 

SAPINDACEAE 

Dodonaea 

viscosa var. angustifolia AWV 


POACEAE 

Cymbopogon 


Ehrharta 


Stipagrostis 


Themeda 

triandra AWV 

71 




RESTIONACEAE 

Restio 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 21 (BOKRIVIER FARM) 


ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

rosmarinifolia AWV 

ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 



monilifera AWV 

Dicerothamnus 


Eriocephalus 

africanus AWV 

Euryops 


Felicia 

filifolia AWV 

Gazania 

rigida AWV 

Helichrysum 


Myrovernix 


Senecio 

pinnulatus AWV 

Seriphium 

plumosum AWV 

Ursinia 


BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

dorotheae AWV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis AWV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bicolor AWV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 

caryophyllacea AWV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa AWV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

rubrum AWV 

salignum AWV 

Protea 


nitida AWV 

repens AWV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 


sericea AWV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

cf. aethiopicum AWV 

spathulatum AWV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

strictum AWV 


Selago 

corymbosa AWV 

72 





ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbine 

praemorsa AWV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

nigrescens AWV 

Tetraria 

ustulata AWV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Lachenalia 

marginata subsp. marginata AWV 

IRIDACEAE 

Geissorhiza 

ovata AWV 

Hesperantha 

falcata AWV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Satyrium 

erectum AWV 

POACEAE 

Stipagrostis 


Themeda 

cf. triandra AWV 

Tribolium 

uniolae AWV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 

parviflora AWV 

Restio 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 22 (WYSERSDRIF - BREEDE RIVER) 


AMARANTHACEAE 

Chenopodium 

* ambrosioides BRV 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 


ASTERACEAE 

Hypochaeris 

cf. radicata BRV 


cf. luteo-album BRV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Grammatotheca 

bergiana BRV 


Corrigiola 

litoralis BRV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra BRV 

FABACEAE 

Acacia 



Sesbania 

* punicea BRV 

HALORAGACEAE 

Laurembergia 

repens subsp. brachypoda BRV 

ONAGRACEAE 

Ludwigia 

palustris BRV 


Plantago 

* major BRV 

73 




POLYGONACEAE 

Persicaria 

decipiens BRV 

Rumex 

acetosella subsp. angiocarpus BRV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

strobilifera BRV 

Rubus 

cf. rigidus BRV 

SALICACEAE 

Salix 

mucronata BRV 


CYPERACEAE 

Cyperus 


longus BRV 

Eleocharis 

limosa BRV 

Ficinia 

indica BRV 

Isolepis 

prolifera BRV 

sepulcralis BRV 

Pycreus 

polystachyos BRV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

effusus BRV 

oxycarpus BRV 

POACEAE 

Cynodon 

dactylon BRV 

Eragrostis 

sarmentosa BRV 

Panicum 

schinzii BRV 

Paspalum 

* distichum BRV 

* urvillei BRV 

PRIONIACEAE 

Prionium 

serratum BRV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Calopsis 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 23 (WYSERSDRIF FARM) 


ASTERACEAE 

Helichrysum 

hebelepis BRV 

Lachnospermum 

fasciculatum BRV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

desertorum BRV R 


Rafnia 

acuminata BRV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

salignum BRV 

74 




Protea 

scorzonerifolia BRV 

Serruria 

cf. effusa BRV 

RHAMNACEAE 



RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

cf. aethiopicum BRV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Struthiola 


V 


POACEAE 

Tribolium 

uniolae BRV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis BRV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 24 (GROENVLEI FARM) 


ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 


ASTERACEAE 

Chrysocoma 


Seriphium 

plumosum BRV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

mammosa BRV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

glaberrimum BRV 

Serruria 


RHAMNACEAE 



THYMELAEACEAE 

Passerina 

cf. corymbosa BRV 


JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

effusus BRV 

POACEAE 

Cymbopogon 


RESTIONACEAE 

Staberoha 


Thamnochortus 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 25 (KLEIN BEGIN FARM) 


ARALIACEAE 

Centella 

cf. asiatica AWV 

75 




ASTERACEAE 

Arctotheca 

calendula AWV 

Cotula 

cf. turbinata AWV 

Senecio 



Plantago 

* major AWV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 

* crispus AWV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

strobilifera AWV 


CYPERACEAE 

Eleocharis 

limosa AWV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 


effusus AWV 

oxycarpus AWV 

POACEAE 

Eragrostis 

curvula AWV 

Holcus 

* lanatus AWV 

Pennisetum 

macrourum AWV 

Puccinellia 

angusta AWV 

* fasciculata AWV 

TYPHACEAE 

Typha 

capensis AWV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 26 (SKAAP RIVER) 

Division Anthophyta Class 

APOCYNACEAE 

Nerium 

* oleander CV 


ASTERACEAE 

Conyza 

scabrida CV 

Cotula 

coronopifolia CV 

Senecio 



CYPERACEAE 

Cyperus 

marginatus CV 

Isolepis 

prolifera CV 

Pseudoschoenus 

cf. inanis CV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

acutus subsp. leipoldii CV 

cf. kraussii subsp. kraussii CV 

punctorius CV 

76 




POACEAE 

Phragmites 

australis CV 

Polypogon 

* viridis CV 

TYPHACEAE 

Typha 

capensis CV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 27 (KWEPERFONTEIN FARM) 


ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 

trifurcata CV 

Cotula 

cf. turbinata CV 


undulatum CV 

Senecio 


Sonchus 

* cf. oleraceus CV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

volubilis CV 

FABACEAE 

Vicia 

* benghalensis CV 


Plantago 

* major CV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Persicaria 

decipiens CV 

Rumex 

* crispus CV 

SALICACEAE 

Salix 

mucronata CV 



Aponogeton 

cf. distachyos CV 

ARACEAE 

Zantedeschia 

aethiopica CV 

CYPERACEAE 

Cyperus 

cf. longus CV 

cf. textilis CV 

Eleocharis 

limosa CV 

Isolepis 

prolifera CV 

IRIDACEAE 

Hesperantha 

falcata CV 

Moraea 

miniata CV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

effusus CV 

lomatophyllus CV 

oxycarpus CV 

77 




POACEAE 

Briza 

* minor CV 

Cynodon 

dactylon CV 

Festuca 

cf. scabra CV 

Paspalum 

* urvillei CV 

Pennisetum 

macrourum CV 

Poa 

* annua CV 

Polypogon 

* viridis CV 

TYPHACEAE 

Typha 

capensis CV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 28 (WADRIF WETLAND) 


DENNSTAEDTIACEAE 

Pteridium 

aquilinum subsp. aquilinum KBV 


Thelypteris 

confluens KBV 


ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 


Helichrysum 

foetidum var. foetidum KBV 

rosum KBV 

Othonna 



undulatum KBV 

Senecio 


rigidus KBV 

Seriphium 

plumosum KBV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Wimmerella 

bifida KBV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bergiana KBV 

LAMIACEAE 

Mentha 

aquatica KBV 

MYRICACEAE 

Morella 

serrata KBV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

strobilifera KBV 



Aponogeton 

cf. distachyos KBV 

ARACEAE 

Zantedeschia 

aethiopica KBV 

78 




ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 


CYPERACEAE 

Carpha 

glomerata KBV 

Epischoenus 

cf. gracilis KBV 

Ficinia 

capitella KBV 

nodosa KBV 

Isolepis 

prolifera KBV 

Tetraria 

exilis KBV 

picta KBV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 



cf. oxycarpus KBV 

punctorius KBV 

POACEAE 

Aristida 


Pennisetum 

macrourum KBV 

Pentaschistis 

aurea KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Anthochortus 

ecklonii KBV 

Elegia 

capensis KBV 

cf. glomerata KBV 

Ischyrolepis 

rivula KBV 

TYPHACEAE 

Typha 

capensis KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 29 (MORESTER WETLAND) 


ASTERACEAE 

Cotula 


Dimorphotheca 

sinuata KBV 


luteo-album KBV 

Senecio 


littoreus var. littoreus KBV 

pinnulatus KBV 

Seriphium 

plumosum KBV 

BORAGINACEAE 

Amsinckia 

retrorsa KBV 

BRASSICACEAE 

Brassica 

* tournefortii KBV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 

decumbens KBV 

FABACEAE 

Ornithopus 

* sativus KBV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 

* crispus KBV 

79 





Limosella 




Aponogeton 


COLCHICACEAE 

Onixotis 

stricta KBV 

CYPERACEAE 

Cyperus 


Eleocharis 

limosa KBV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

oxycarpus KBV 

POACEAE 

Cynodon 

cf. dactylon KBV 

Eragrostis 

curvula KBV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 30 (ROMANSRIVIER) 


ANEMIACEAE 

Mohria 

caffrorum BRV 


APIACEAE 

Itasina 

filifolia BRV 

ASTERACEAE 

Arctotis 

acaulis BRV 

Athanasia 



Chrysocoma 


Cotula 

turbinata BRV 

Dicerothamnus 


Eriocephalus 

africanus BRV 

Leysera 


Relhania 

fruticosa BRV 

Stoebe 

nervigera BRV 

Ursinia 


BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 


CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

bulbosa BRV 

DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 


pauciflora BRV 

trinervia BRV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra BRV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bruniades BRV 

80 




EUPHORBIACEAE 

Euphorbia 

tuberosa BRV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 

acuminata BRV 

Trifolium 

* angustifolium var. angustifolium BRV 

GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

exacoides BRV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 

triste BRV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 

cf. cuneifolia BRV 



Erepsia 

gracilis BRV 

Lampranthus 

debilis BRV E(P) 

filicaulis BRV Us(P) 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

purpurea BRV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 


POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 

cordatus BRV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

corymbosum BRV V 

lanigerum var. laevigatum BRV 

Serruria 


ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 



RUTACEAE 

Agathosma 

capensis BRV 

Diosma 


THYMELAEACEAE 

Passerina 

corymbosa BRV 

Struthiola 

ciliata BRV 

leptantha BRV 



Ammocharis 

longifolia BRV 


Aponogeton 



ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

capensis BRV 

ASPHODELACEAE 

Trachyandra 


revoluta BRV 

81 




CYPERACEAE 

Eleocharis 

limosa BRV 

Ficinia 

bulbosa BRV 

indica BRV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 

echinosperma BRV 

Lachenalia 


unifolia BRV 

Ornithogalum 


HYPOXIDACEAE 

Spiloxene 

aquatica BRV 

capensis BRV 

IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

africana BRV 

Babiana 


Geissorhiza 

ornithogaloides subsp. ornithogaloides BRV 

Gladiolus 

alatus BRV 

Hesperantha 

falcata BRV 

Moraea 

gawleri BRV 


miniata BRV 

tripetala BRV 

vegeta BRV 

Romulea 

rosea BRV 

JUNCAGINACEAE 

Triglochin 

bulbosa BRV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Disperis 

villosa BRV 

Pterygodium 

acutifolium BRV 

Satyrium 

bicorne BRV 

coriifolium BRV 

pumilum BRV 

POACEAE 

Briza 

* maxima BRV 

Cymbopogon 


Cynodon 

dactylon BRV 

Ehrharta 

calycina BRV 

Eragrostis 

curvula BRV 

Hyparrhenia 

hirta BRV 

Pennisetum 

macrourum BRV 

Pentaschistis 

pallida BRV 

Stipagrostis 

zeyheri BRV 

Themeda 

triandra BRV 

Tribolium 

hispidum BRV 

uniolae BRV 

82 




RESTIONACEAE 

Calopsis 

viminea BRV 

Chondropetalum 

rectum BRV V 

Elegia 

filacea BRV 

vaginulata BRV 

Staberoha 


Thamnochortus 


Willdenowia 

cf. incurvata BRV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 31 (DE BREEDERIVIER) 


ANEMIACEAE 

Mohria 

caffrorum BRV 


PINACEAE 

Pinus 

* cf. radiata BRV 


ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 

dissecta BRV 

APIACEAE 

Arctopus 

echinatus BRV 


trifida BRV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Cynanchum 

africanum BRV 

Microloma 

tenuifolium BRV 

ASTERACEAE 

Chrysocoma 

cf. oblongifolia BRV 

Cotula 

cf. turbinata BRV 

Dicerothamnus 


Eriocephalus 

africanus BRV 

Felicia 

minima BRV 

Helichrysum 

rutilans BRV 

Heterolepis 


Leysera 


Metalasia 

densa BRV 

Myrovernix 


Oedera 

imbricata BRV 

squarrosa BRV 

Relhania 

fruticosa BRV 

83 




Ursinia 

cf. anthemoides BRV 

paleacea BRV 

BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 


BRASSICACEAE 

Heliophila 

macowaniana BRV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Cyphia 

bulbosa BRV 

volubilis BRV 

CELASTRACEAE 

Maytenus 

oleoides BRV 

CRASSULACEAE 

Crassula 

fascicularis BRV 


DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 


EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra BRV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 


EUPHORBIACEAE 

Euphorbia 

cf. silenifolia BRV 

FABACEAE 

Aspalathus 



Lotononis 


GENTIANACEAE 

Sebaea 

exacoides BRV 

GERANIACEAE 

Monsonia 

speciosa BRV 

Pelargonium 


triste BRV 

LAMIACEAE 

Salvia 

albicaulis BRV 

LAURACEAE 

Cassytha 

ciliolata BRV 

MALVACEAE 

Hermannia 

alnifolia BRV 

confusa BRV 


Lampranthus 


MOLLUGINACEAE 

Adenogramma 

mollugo BRV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


OROBANCHACEAE 

Hyobanche 

sanguinea BRV 

OXALIDACEAE 

Oxalis 

obtusa BRV 

84 




POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

heisteria BRV 

POLYGONACEAE 

Rumex 

cordatus BRV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

salignum BRV 

Leucospermum 

vestitum BRV 

Protea 


nitida BRV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 



RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 


RUTACEAE 

Agathosma 

cf. capensis BRV 

Diosma 


SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

strictum BRV 

SAPINDACEAE 

Dodonaea 




tephrodes BRV 

Microdon 

dubius BRV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Passerina 

corymbosa BRV 

Struthiola 

leptantha BRV 


Zygophyllum 




Boophone 

cf. disticha BRV 

ANTHERICACEAE 

Chlorophytum 

undulatum BRV 

ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 


ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbine 

praemorsa BRV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

capitella BRV 


HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 

juncifolia BRV 

Lachenalia 

unicolor BRV 

Ornithogalum 


IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

africana BRV 

85 




Babiana 

stricta BRV 

Hesperantha 

radiata BRV 

Moraea 

flaccida BRV 


miniata BRV 

neglecta BRV 

unguiculata BRV 

Romulea 

cruciata BRV 

Tritonia 

crispa BRV 

Watsonia 


ORCHIDACEAE 

Pterygodium 

alatum BRV 

Satyrium 

erectum BRV 

POACEAE 

Ehrharta 

calycina BRV 

Pentaschistis 

airoides BRV 

Tribolium 

uniolae BRV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Staberoha 


Thamnochortus 


WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 32 (PRINCE ALFRED HAMLET COMMONAGE) 


PINACEAE 

Pinus 

* cf. pinaster CV 


ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 


ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 

trifurcata CV 

Dicerothamnus 


Gazania 

rigida CV 

Lachnospermum 

fasciculatum CV 

Metalasia 

cf. densa CV 

Senecio 


pubigerus CV 

Seriphium 

plumosum CV 

Stoebe 

fusca CV 

Ursinia 

cf. anthemoides CV 

pinnata CV 

EBENACEAE 

Diospyros 

glabra CV 

86 




ERICACEAE 

Erica 

bicolor CV 

bruniades CV 

cf. mammosa CV 

sphaerocephala CV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Euphorbia 

tuberosa CV 

FABACEAE 

Acacia 

* saligna CV 

Aspalathus 

acuminata CV 

linearis CV 

Rafnia 

acuminata CV 

GERANIACEAE 

Pelargonium 

ovale CV 

triste CV 


Carpobrotus 

edulis CV 

Erepsia 

gracilis CV 

Lampranthus 

falcatus CV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

divaricata CV 

PROTEACEAE 

Leucadendron 

chamelaea CV E 

salignum CV 

Protea 

laurifolia CV 

repens CV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 

ruscifolia CV 

RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 

spathulatum CV 

RUTACEAE 

Agathosma 

capensis CV 

Diosma 

acmaeophylla CV 

hirsuta CV 

SANTALACEAE 

Thesium 

strictum CV 

virgatum CV 


Microdon 

cf. dubius CV 


Zygophyllum 

fulvum CV 


ASPHODELACEAE 

Bulbinella 

caudafelis CV 

Trachyandra 

chlamydophylla CV 

87 




CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

bulbosa CV 

indica CV 

nigrescens CV 

Tetraria 

exilis CV 

ustulata CV 

POACEAE 

Ehrharta 

calycina CV 

Merxmuellera 

stricta CV 

Stipagrostis 

zeyheri CV 

Tribolium 

uniolae CV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Cannomois 

parviflora CV 

Elegia 

filacea CV 

neesii CV 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis CV 

Rhodocoma 

capensis CV 

Staberoha 

distachyos CV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 33 (DELTA FARMS) 


ANEMIACEAE 

Mohria 

caffrorum BRV 


AIZOACEAE 

Galenia 

africana BRV 

Tetragonia 

spicata BRV 

AMARANTHACEAE 

Manochlamys 

albicans BRV 

ANACARDIACEAE 

Rhus 


laevigata BRV 

lucida BRV 

undulata BRV 

APOCYNACEAE 

Gomphocarpus 

cf. cancellatus BRV 

ASTERACEAE 

Athanasia 


Dicerothamnus 


Eriocephalus 

africanus BRV 

Euryops 


Felicia 

cf. filifolia BRV 

Leysera 


88 




Metalasia 

cf. densa BRV 

Pteronia 

cf. incana BRV 

BORAGINACEAE 

Lobostemon 

trichotomus BRV 

EBENACEAE 

Euclea 

tomentosa BRV 

EUPHORBIACEAE 

Euphorbia 

arceuthobioides BRV 

FABACEAE 

Otholobium 


GENTIANACEAE 

Chironia 

baccifera BRV 

LAMIACEAE 

Salvia 



Cissampelos 

capensis BRV 


Lampranthus 

sociorum BRV Us(P) 

Ruschiella 

argentea BRV 

MONTINIACEAE 

Montinia 


OLEACEAE 

Olea 


POLYGALACEAE 

Muraltia 

heisteria BRV 

PRIMULACEAE 

Anagallis 


RHAMNACEAE 

Phylica 

cf. oleaefolia BRV 

ROSACEAE 

Cliffortia 


RUBIACEAE 

Anthospermum 


SAPINDACEAE 

Dodonaea 


THYMELAEACEAE 

Passerina 

cf. truncata BRV 

VISCACEAE 

Viscum 

capense BRV 


ASPARAGACEAE 

Asparagus 

capensis BRV 

retrofractus BRV 

scandens BRV 

CYPERACEAE 

Ficinia 

indica BRV 

HYACINTHACEAE 

Albuca 

juncifolia BRV 

89 




Ornithogalum 

dubium BRV 


ORCHIDACEAE 

Satyrium 

cf. erectum BRV 

POACEAE 

Cymbopogon 

cf. marginatus BRV 

Ehrharta 


Merxmuellera 

arundinacea BRV 

Pentaschistis 

pallida BRV 

Tribolium 

uniolae BRV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Ischyrolepis 

capensis BRV 


Cyanella 


lutea BRV 

WITZENBERG SDF - SITE 34 (VREDELUS FARM) 


ASTERACEAE 

Senecio 


Seriphium 

plumosum KBV 

Ursinia 

pinnata KBV 

CAMPANULACEAE 

Monopsis 

flava KBV K 

DROSERACEAE 

Drosera 

capensis KBV 

ERICACEAE 

Erica 


FABACEAE 

Psoralea 

cf. aphylla KBV 

HALORAGACEAE 

Laurembergia 


LENTIBULARIACEAE 

Utricularia 

bisquamata KBV 

POLYGALACEAE 

Polygala 

pappeana KBV 

THYMELAEACEAE 

Gnidia 

oppositifolia KBV 


CYPERACEAE 

Carpha 

glomerata KBV 

Epischoenus 

gracilis KBV 

Ficinia 

capitella KBV 

Tetraria 


90 




IRIDACEAE 

Aristea 

bracteata KBV 

Micranthus 

junceus KBV 

Moraea 

cf. ramosissima KBV 

Watsonia 

stokoei KBV 

JUNCACEAE 

Juncus 

capensis KBV 

ORCHIDACEAE 

Disa 

bivalvata KBV 

elegans KBV 

racemosa KBV 

POACEAE 

Merxmuellera 

stricta KBV 

RESTIONACEAE 

Elegia 


capensis KBV 


E: endangered, Ex: extinct, I: indeterminate, K: insufficiently known, R: rare, Us: unspecified, V: vulnerable 

Report produced by the SaSFLORA database: data (C) Coastec; database design and structures (C) Reuben Roberts 

91 



APPENDIX 5 

Specialist workshop: Summary

APPENDIX 5. WITZENBERG SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 

NOTES OF EXPERT MAPPING WORKSHOP HELD ON 19.11.2004 AT CAPE NATURE, 

JONKERSHOEK 

Present 

Glynnis Barodien (CPU); Ernst Baard, Anton Wolfaardt, Andrew Turner, Atherton de Villiers, Kevin 

Shaw, Jaco van Deventer, Guy Palmer (Cape Nature); Riaan van der Walt; Tilla Raimondo (SANBI), 

Nancy Job (Botanical Society); Barrie Low, Uschi Pond (notes) (Coastec). Apology: Dupre Lombard 

(Enviro Dinamik) 

AW explained the nature of the workshop – to provide expert mapping of resident natural ecosystems 

for the Witzenberg SDF. BL presented background on the project and provided a summary of the 

flora and vegetation of the region. Nick Helme had already provided additional input on the botany of 

the area. NJ provided a brief summary on her approach to the Drakenstein SDF. 

Summary of inputs 

‣ 1:50 000 topographical maps covering the Witzenberg SDF (municipal) area were mapped and 

annotated to demarcate relevant information 

Speciality fields addressed during workshop 

‣ Herpetofauna (Ernst Baard, Atherton de Villiers) 

‣ Fish (Dean Impson) 

‣ Insects (Riaan van der Walt) 

‣ Mammals (Guy Palmer) 

‣ Plants (Domitilla Raimondo) 

‣ Birds (Kevin Shaw) 

Key areas and concerns 

‣ Upper/middle Breede River valley –should enjoy prioritisation (AW) 

‣ SDF – proactive approach in forward planning and determination of areas/systems conservation 

status (AW) 

‣ Identification of important sites must be made known to planners and municipalities (EB) 

‣ Challenge facing e.g. BotSoc is the uptake of information of SDF, added tool for decision making 

(AW) 

‣ Currently available conservation status information should be included in SDF 

‣ Current GIS layers for Ceres and Breede River are outdated, need updated information (EB) 

‣ Romansrivier (BR valley) needs re-proclamation! Geometric tortoise and Cape caco are of utmost 

conservation importance 

‣ Only currently “protected” Renosterveld is found on Sarel Bester’s land – Ceres valley (EB) 

‣ Amateur botanist Gerald Hansford has excellent knowledge of mountain and valley flora in Breede 

River valley (TR) Contact: indigigro@grassrootsgroup.co.za 

‣ Layers/information to be added to SDF fine scale mapping: 

• Identified hotspots for herpetological species, e.g. Ceres valley (EB) 

• “Rares program” – ISEP (Information System of Endangered Plants) GIS data set 

available in February 2005 (TR) 

• Recent work on lizards and frogs in Cape Fold Mountains (Nuwekloof and Groot 

Winterhoek) (AT) 

• Dragonfly work by Mike Samways (EB) 

• Fish – Dean Impson (EB) 

• Beetles in upland parts (EB) 

• Conservation status and threatened ecosystems (SANBI) 

• Birds – Kevin Shaw 

• Mammals – Guy Palmer 

• Invertebrates (EB) 

• Protea Atlas – Tony Rebelo 

All environmental data from the Witzenberg SDF ecological study will be made available through the 

CPU (BL, GB) 

All participants were thanked for their inputs 

Various specialists contributed mapped and distributional information after the workshop and this is 

appended

Bio Diversity Study - Witzenberg Municipality

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