rare plants - Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation

NATURAL HERITAGE RESOURCES OF VIRGINIA: 

RARE PLANTS 

December 2012 

VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION AND RECREATION 

DIVISION OF NATURAL HERITAGE 

217 GOVERNOR STREET, THIRD FLOOR 

RICHMOND, VIRGINIA 23219 

(804) 786-7951 

This report should be cited as: Townsend, John F. 2012. 

Natural Heritage Resources of Virginia: Rare Plants. 

Natural Heritage Technical Report 12-12. Virginia Department 

of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, 

Richmond, Virginia. Unpublished report. December 2012. 

55 pages plus appendices. 

List Compiled by: John F. Townsend 

Staff Botanist 

Cover illustrations (l. to r.) of Swamp Pink (Helonias bullata), dwarf burhead 

(Echinodorus tenellus), and small whorled pogonia (Isotria medeoloides) 

by Megan Rollins

INTRODUCTION 

The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation's Division of Natural Heritage (DCR-DNH) was established to protect Virginia's Natural Heritage Resources. These 

Resources are defined in the Virginia Natural Area Preserves Act of 1989 (Section 10.1-209 through 217, Code of Virginia), as the habitat of rare, threatened, and endangered 

plant and animal species; exemplary natural communities, habitats, and ecosystems; and other natural features of the Commonwealth. DCR-DNH is the state's only 

comprehensive program for conservation of our natural heritage and includes an intensive statewide biological inventory, field surveys, electronic and manual database 

management, environmental review capabilities, and natural area protection and stewardship. Through such a comprehensive operation, the Division identifies Natural Heritage 

Resources which are in need of conservation attention while creating an efficient means of evaluating the impacts of economic growth. 

To achieve this protection, DCR-DNH maintains lists of the most significant elements of our natural diversity. These lists focus the Division's inventory on the Natural Heritage 

Resources most likely to be lost without conservation action in the near future. Most importantly, these lists are not only useful for DCR-DNH, but can be used by other 

agencies, organizations, and individuals to guide protection and development decision-making. In formulating these lists, the Division uses information from previous studies, 

museum records, the observations and opinions of experts, DCR-DNH staff scientists, and field inventories. 

The first list included in this report is the Rare Vascular Plant List. This list contains information on the legal and biological status of Virginia's rarest known native vascular 

plant taxa, 602 in all. This list includes all plants believed to be sufficiently rare or threatened to merit an inventory of their status and locations. 

The second list included in this report is the Vascular Plant Watchlist. This list contains information on the legal and biological status of 229 additional taxa that are decidedly 

uncommon in Virginia but not scarce enough to merit inclusion on the Rare Vascular Plant List. Plants on this list are monitored to determine general population trends. If a 

species or variety on this list is found to be rare or threatened, it is placed on the Rare Vascular Plant List. Taxa of uncertain status, which formerly made up a large percentage of 

the Watchlist, may now be found on the Review List (see below). 

The third list included in this report is the Review List (Taxa of Uncertain Status). These taxa lack numerical ranks, indicating that they are poorly known from a taxonomic and 

distributional standpoint. Although some of these taxa may prove to be conservation targets, more field and herbarium data are needed to assess their distinctiveness and degree 

of rarity in Virginia. There are 78 taxa in this category. 

The fourth list included in this report is the Rare Non-Vascular Plant List. This list contains information on the legal and biological status of 46 taxa thought to be rare in the state 

of Virginia. The lichens, liverworts, and mosses listed herein represent an attempt at designating imperiled species within this often-neglected group. The list is currently small 

compared to the vascular plant lists because the taxonomy and distributions of non-vascular plants are generally poorly known in Virginia at this time (with some exceptions). A 

large percentage of the listed species are mosses of the genus Sphagnum. These taxa are listed due to the field and herbarium work of Christopher A. Clampitt and Lewis E. 

Anderson, who resolved many of the taxonomic and distributional questions pertaining to Sphagnum in Virginia. Additional listings of non-vascular plants in future years are 

expected as our knowledge of this portion of the flora increases. Ecologists with the Division of Natural Heritage have been instrumental in urging this listing of imperiled taxa 

and have helped to revise the list based on new information. The lichen list has been revised in particular this year, based mostly on field work in Shenandoah National Park and 

subsequent identifications made by lichen experts at the New York Botanical Garden and by lichen expert Don Flenniken of West Virginia. 

Natural Heritage Resource lists are necessarily dynamic and are revised annually, with updates occurring as data become available. Such revisions assure the most current 

knowledge of the status of Virginia's plants. Taxa are added to the list when it is determined that they have become rare or threatened to such an extent that their continued 

existence in Virginia is in jeopardy. Plants are deleted from the list when data indicate they are common and do not warrant priority conservation efforts. 

If you have information which could refine this list, please contact DCR-DNH staff botanist John Townsend at (804) 225-4855 (email: john.townsend@dcr.virginia.gov) or by 

mailing the Rare Species Sighting Form found at the end of this document. 

All plants which are officially protected by federal or state endangered species acts are included in these lists. The Office of Plant Protection within the Virginia Department of 

Agriculture and Consumer Services (VDACS) has regulatory responsibility for the listing and protection of Virginia's endangered and threatened plants and insects under the 

Virginia Endangered Plant and Insect Species Act, as amended (Section 3.1 -1020 through 1030, Code of Virginia). The Act provides for the official listing and recovery of 

endangered and threatened plant and insect species in Virginia. The Act also establishes a permit system for collection of listed species. As of March 2005, there were 26 statelisted 

plant species. A memorandum of agreement between DCR-DNH and VDACS facilitates data transfer between agencies and allows for DCR-DNH to nominate species for 

listing by VDACS. 

Federally listed species are protected by the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended. The U.S. Department of the Interior's Fish and Wildlife Service administers the Act, 

listing and protecting federally endangered and threatened species. As of March 2005, there were 16 plant species federally listed as endangered or threatened which occur or 

formerly occurred in Virginia. 

The Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation, Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, and U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service work cooperatively 

to insure the continued survival of Virginia's diverse flora and other elements of natural diversity. The Division of Natural Heritage also works closely with other state and 

federal agencies, local governments, conservation organizations, and other organizations and individuals to seek adequate protection of Virginia's natural heritage. 

LIST FORMAT 

The rare plant list and the watchlist are ordered alphabetically by scientific name. Each list has an identical format which presents six fields: scientific name, common name, 

global rank, state rank, federal status, and state status. To aid in the interpretation of the list, a brief explanation of each field follows: 

Column 1. Scientific name: 

Nomenclature for vascular plants almost exclusively follows Weakley, A.S., J.C. Ludwig, and J.F. Townsend, 2012. Flora of Virginia. A line is provided below the scientific 

name to provide a synonymy when other names are used in popular botanical references. 

Nomenclature for lichens follows Esslinger, T.L. 1997. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous, and allied fungi of the continental United States and 

Canada. North Dakota State University: http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/esslinge/chcklst/chcklst7.htm (First Posted 1 December 1997, Most Recent Update 27 August 

2001), Fargo, North Dakota. 

Nomenclature for liverworts follows Hicks, Marie L. 1992. Guide to the Liverworts of North Carolina. Duke University Press, Durham, N.C. 239 pp. 

3

Nomenclature for mosses follows the Bryophyte Names Authority List published online by the Missouri Botanical Garden at: 

http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/tropicos/most/bryolist.shtml 

Column 2. Common name: 

A common name is provided for the convenience of the user. Common names for plants follow the Flora of Virginia. 

Column 3. Global rank: 

Global ranks are assigned by a consensus of the network of natural heritage programs, scientific experts, and The Nature Conservancy to designate a rarity rank based on the 

range-wide status of a species or variety. This system was developed by The Nature Conservancy and is widely used by other agencies and organizations as the best available 

scientific and objective assessment of a taxon's rarity and level of threat to its existence. The ranks are assigned after considering a suite of factors, including number of 

occurrences, number of individuals, and severity of threats. 

G1 = Critically Imperiled - At very high risk of extinction due to extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer populations), very steep declines, or other factors. 

G2 = Imperiled - At high risk of extinction due to very restricted range, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or other factors. 

G3 = Vulnerable - At moderate risk of extinction due to a restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or other factors. 

G4 = Apparently Secure - Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors. 

G5 = Secure – Common, widespread and abundant. 

GH = Possibly Extinct - Missing; known from only historical occurrences but still some hope of rediscovery. 

GX = Presumed Extinct - Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery. 

GU = Unrankable - Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends. Whenever possible, the most likely 

rank is assigned and the question mark qualifier is added (e.g., G2?) to express uncertainty, or a range rank (e.g., G2G3) is used to delineate the range of uncertainty. 

G_? = Inexact Numeric Rank - Denotes inexact numeric rank (e.g., G3?). 

G_Q = Questionable taxonomy - Taxonomic distinctiveness of this entity at the current level is questionable; resolution of this uncertainty may result in change from a 

species to a subspecies or hybrid, or the inclusion of this taxon in another taxon, with the resulting taxon having a lower conservation priority (e.g., G3Q). 

G_T_ = Infraspecific Taxa - Signifies the rank of a subspecies or variety. For example, the rank G5T1 would be assigned to a very rare and localized variety of an 

otherwise widespread and common taxon. 

GNR = Unranked – Global rank not yet assessed. 

GNA = Not applicable – A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities. 

Column 4. State rank: 

State ranks are assigned in a manner similar to that described for global ranks, but consider only those factors within the political boundaries of Virginia. For example, whereas 

a plant which is endemic to Virginia (found nowhere else) will have the same global and state ranks, a plant which may be common in the northeastern United States, but only 

known from a few occurrences in Virginia will have different global and state ranks. By comparing the global and state ranks, the status, rarity, and the urgency of conservation 

needs can be ascertained. 

S1 = Critically Imperiled - At very high risk of extirpation from the state due to extreme rarity (often 5 or fewer populations), very steep declines, or other factors. 

S2 = Imperiled - At high risk of extirpation from the state due to very restricted range, very few populations (often 20 or fewer), steep declines, or other factors. 

S3 = Vulnerable - At moderate risk of extirpation from the state due to a restricted range, relatively few populations (often 80 or fewer), recent and widespread declines, or 

other factors. 

S4 = Apparently Secure - Uncommon but not rare; some cause for long-term concern due to declines or other factors. 

S5 = Secure – Common, widespread and abundant. 

SH = Possibly Extirpated - Known only from historical occurrences but still some hope of rediscovery. 

SX = Presumed Extirpated - Not located despite intensive searches and virtually no likelihood of rediscovery. 

SU = Unrankable - Currently unrankable due to lack of information or due to substantially conflicting information about status or trends. 

S_? = Inexact Numeric Rank - Denotes inexact numeric rank (e.g., S3?). 

SNR = Unranked – State conservation status not yet assessed. 

SNA = Not Applicable - A conservation status rank is not applicable because the species is not a suitable target for conservation activities. 

Column 5. Federal Status: 

Federal Status is determined by the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This includes all species and varieties which are listed as endangered or threatened by the U. S. government 

and receive protection under the federal Endangered Species Act. The list also notes those taxa which are proposed for listing or are candidates for listing. 

LE = Listed Endangered - A taxon is threatened with extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range. 

LT = Listed Threatened - A taxon is likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future. 

PE = Proposed Endangered - A taxon is proposed for listing as endangered. 

PT = Proposed Threatened - A taxon is proposed for listing as threatened. 

C = Candidate - There is enough available information to propose the taxon for listing, but listing is "precluded by other pending proposals of higher priority". The U.S. Fish 

and Wildlife Service is "directed to make prompt use of the emergency listing if the well-being of any such species is at significant risk." 

_* = An * following the status denotes that the species or variety is possibly extinct. 

4

Column 6. State Status: 

State status indicates those plants which are listed as state endangered or threatened under the authority of the Virginia Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services. 

LE = Listed Endangered 

LT = Listed Threatened 

PE = Proposed Endangered 

PT = Proposed Threatened 

C = Candidate for listing as threatened or endangered 

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 

If not for the hard work of many biologists, these plant lists could not accurately reflect our current understanding of the Virginia flora. On the staff of the Division of Natural 

Heritage, a dedicated staff of botanists and ecologists, including Allen Belden, Phil Coulling, Gary Fleming, Chris Ludwig, Kathleen McCoy, Shelly Parrish, Gina Pisoni, Nancy 

Van Alstine, Dean Walton, Karen Patterson, Kristin Taverna, Irvine Wilson, Mike Leahy, and Darren Loomis have provided many comments to refine the content of the lists. 

Dean Walton’s keen interest in and understanding of non-vascular plants and their rarity in the state of Virginia and elsewhere, and has been instrumental in the listing of nonvascular 

plants herein. In addition to Heritage staff, the work of the Virginia Atlas Committee allows us a much greater understanding of the status of our botanical heritage. Our 

thanks go out to Alton Harvill, Ted Bradley, Doug Coleman, Gary Fleming, Doug Ogle, Gwynn Ramsey, Donna Ware, Tom Weiboldt, and Robert Wright. 

Recent regional floristic work by Alan Weakley has also been of great assistance, particularly regarding recent taxonomic and nomenclatural changes. 

Other individuals who have contributed include Rodney Bartgis, Stan Bentley, Jessica Bier, Jay Bolin, George Buchholz, Byron Carmean, Chris Clampitt, Jane Collins, Virginia 

Crouch, Steve Croy, Allison Cusick, Doug DeBerry,Tom Dierauf, Mike Donahue, Cris Fleming, Cecil Frost, Chris Frye, Charles Garratt, Mary Geil, Holly Grubbs, P.J. 

Harmon, Jessie Harris, Elaine Haug, John Hayden, Mike Hayslett, Frank Hirst, Hal Horwitz, Charles Horn, Fred Huber, Miles Johnson, Larry Klotz, John Knox, Ron Lance, 

Mike Lane, Chris Lea, Richard LeBlond, Mike Lipford, Greg Lipscomb, Marion Blois Lobstein, Steve Martin, Bill McAvoy, Bob McCartney, Robert McComb, Kent 

Minichiello, Marcia Minichiello, Bill Moorhead, Larry Morse, Lytton Musselman, Alan Neumann, Jesse Overcash, Jim Perry, Jeremy Poirier, Tom Rawinski, Garrie Rouse, 

Ernie Schuyler, Cindy Schulz, Perry Scott, Phil Sheridan, Rod Simmons, Rob Simpson, Bruce Sorrie, Nicky Staunton, Mark Strong, John Tate, Barry Truitt, Craig Tumer, 

Leonard J. Uttal, Brian van Eerden, Dick Weigand, Troy Weldy, Tom Wieboldt, Meegan Wallace, Chuck Williams, and Joan Wright. 

5

If you can’t find: Look under: 

Agave Manfreda 

Agropyron Elymus 

Allium Nothoscordum 

Arabis Boechera 

Arabis Turritis 

Arenaria Honckenya 

Arenaria Minuartia 

Arenaria Moehringia 

Armoracea Neobeckia 

Asarum Hexastylis 

Aster Eurybia 

Aster Symphyotrichum 

Botrychium Sceptridium 

Bumelia Sideroxylon 

Cacalia Arnoglossum 

Cacalia Hasteola 

Cacalia Neobeckia 

Calamintha Clinopodium 

Carduus Cirsium 

Cassia Chamaecrista 

Centunculus Anagallis 

Callisia Cuthbertia 

Cleistes Cleistesopsis 

Convolvulus Calystegia 

Croton Crotonopsis 

Cynoctonum Mitreola 

Dentaria Cardamine 

Dichromena Rhynchospora 

Diplachne Leptochloa 

Disporum Prosartes 

Dracocephalum Physostegia 

Erianthus Saccharum 

Eupatorium Eutrochium 

Euphorbia Chamaesyse 

Fleischmannia Eupatorium 

Gentiana Gentianopsis 

Gerardia Agalinis 

Gerardia Aureolaria 

Gillenia Porteranthus 

Gnaphalium Pseudognaphalium 

Habenaria Platanthera 

Haplopappus Croptilon 

Hedyotis Houstonia 

Hedyotis Oldenlandia 

Helianthemum Crocanthemum 

Heterotheca Chrysopsis 

Hierochloe Anthoxanthum 

Houstonia Hedyotis 

Hypericum Triadenum 

Isopyrum Enemion 

GENERA INDEX 

6 

Jussiaea Ludwigia 

Leptoloma Digitaria 

Lipocarpha Hemicarpha 

Lippia Phyla 

Lophotocarpus Sagittaria 

Lotus Acmispon 

Lycopodiella Peudolycopodiella 

Lycopodium Lycopodiella 

Lycopodium Peudolycopodiella 

Lycopodium Huperzia 

Manisuris Coelorachis 

Osmunda Osmundastrum 

Panicum Coleataenia 

Panicum Dichanthelium 

Panicum Phanopyrum 

Panicum Steinchisma 

Peplis Didiplas 

Potentilla Drymocallis 

Potentilla Sibbaldia 

Prenanthes Nabalus 

Psilocarya Rhynchospora 

Psoralea Onobrychis 

Psoralea Orbexilum 

Psoralea Pediomelum 

Ptilimnium Harperella 

Pyrola Orthilia 

Satureja Clinopodium 

Saxifraga Micranthes 

Schrankia Mimosa 

Schoenoplectus Bolboscoenus 

Scirpus Isolepis 

Scirpus Schoenoplectus 

Senecio Packera 

Seymeria Dasistoma 

Smilacina Maianthemum 

Solidago Euthamia 

Solidago Oligoneuron 

Sphaeralcea Malvastrum 

Thelypteris Parathelypteris 

Tomanthera Agalinis 

Tradescantia Cuthbertia 

Triodia Tridens 

Tofieldia Triantha 

Trichomanes Crepidomanes 

Trichomanes Vandenboschia 

Uniola Chasmanthium 

Verbena Stylodon 

Xanthoxylum Zanthoxylum 

Zigadenus Stenanthium

PART ONE: 

RARE VASCULAR PLANT LIST 

7

Rare Vascular Plant List 

___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Scientific Name Common Name Global State Federal State 

Rank Rank Status Status 

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Abies balsamea (L.) P. Mill Balsam fir G5 S1 

Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir. Fraser fir G2 S1 

Acmispon helleri (Britt.) A.A. Heller 

syn: Lotus helleri Britton 

Carolina Prairietrefoil 

G3 S1 

Actaea rubifolia (Kearney) Kartesz 

syn: Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney 

Appalachian Black 

Cohosh 

G3 S2 

Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Venus'-hair Fern G5 SH 

Aeschynomene virginica (L.) B.S.P. Sensitive Jointvetch 

G2 S2 LT LT 

Agalinis auriculata (Michx.) Blake 

syn: Gerardia fasciculata Michx.. 

syn: Tomanthera auriculata (Michx.) Raf. 

Earleaf False 

Foxglove 

G3 S1 

Aletris aurea Walt. Golden Colicroot G5 S1 

Allium allegheniense Small 

Under A. cernuum Roth in Fernald (1950) and 

Radford et al. (1968) 

Allegheny Onion G3? S1 

Allium oxyphilum Wherry Shale Barren 

Nodding Onion 

G2Q S1 

Alnus incana (L.) Moench ssp. rugosa (Du Roi) 

Clausen 

syn: A. rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. 

Speckled Alder G5T5 S2 

Amaranthus pumilus Raf. Sea-beach 

Amaranth 

G2 S1 LT LT 

Amelanchier nantucketensis Bickn. Nantucket 

Shadbush 

G3Q S1 

Amphicarpum amphicarpon (Pursh) Nash Pine-barrens 

Peanut Grass 

G4 S1 

Anagallis minima (L.) Krause 

syn: Centunculus minimus L. 

Chaffweed G5 SH 

Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) Benth. & Hook. f. Pearly Everlasting G5 S1 

Andropogon mohrii (Hack.) Hack. ex Vasey Mohr's Bluestem G4? SH 

Anemone berlandieri Pritz. Eastern Prairie 

Anemone 

G4? S1 

Anemone canadensis L. Canada Anemone G5 SH 

Anthoxanthum hirtum (Shrank) Y. Schouten & 

Veldkamp 

syn: Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. ssp. 

odorata 

Holy Grass G5 S1 

Arabis pycnocarpa M. Hopkins var. adpressipilis 

M. Hopkins 

syn: Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. 

adpressipilis (M. Hopkins) Rollins 

Hairy Rock Cress G5T4Q S1S2 

Arabis patens Sullivant Spreading Rock 

Cress 

G3 S2 

Aralia hispida Vent. Bristly Sarsaparilla G5 S2 

9


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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. Bearberry G5 S1 

Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb. var. Spreading 

G5T5 SH 

lanuginosa 

All Virginia A. lanuginosa is var. lanuginosa 

Sandwort 

Arethusa bulbosa L. Dragon’s-mouth G4 SH 

Arnoglossum reniforme (Hooker) H.E. Robins. 

syn: Arnoglossum muhlenbergii (Schultz-Bip.) 

H.E. Robinson 

Great Indianplantain 

G4 S2 

Asclepias longifolia Michx. Long-leaf 

Milkweed 

G4G5 S1 

Asclepias purpurascens L. Purple Milkweed G5? S2 

Asclepias rubra L. Red Milkweed G4G5 S2 

Asclepias tuberosa L. var. rolfsii (Britt. ex Vail) Sandhills Butterfly- G5?TNR S1 

Woods. 

weed 

Asplenium bradleyi D.C. Eaton Bradley’s 

Spleenwort 

G4 S2 

Astragalus distortus Torr. & Gray var. distortus 

All Virginia A. distortus is var. distortus 

Ozark Milkvetch G5T5? SH 

Astragalus neglectus (Torr. & Gray) Sheldon Cooper’s Milkvetch G4 S2 

Atriplex glabriuscula Edmondston Maritime Orach G4 SH 

Bacopa caroliniana (Walt.) B.L. Robins. Blue Water-hyssop G4G5 SH 

Bacopa innominata (G.Maza) Alain 

Virginia material formerly named B. stragula 

Fern. 

Tropical Waterhyssop 

G3G5 S2 

Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. 

Virginia material formerly named B. simulans 

Fern. 

Round-leaf Waterhyssop 

G5 SH 

Baptisia albescens Small 

Given as B. alba (L.) R. Brown in Fernald 

(1950) 

Narrow-pod White 

Wild Indigo 

G4 S1 

Baptisia cinerea (Raf.) Fern. & Schub. Gray-hairy Wild 

Indigo 

G3G4 SH 

Bartonia verna (Michx.) Raf. ex Bart. Spring Bartonia G5? S1 

Betula cordifolia Regel 

syn: B. papyrifera Marsh. var. cordifolia 

(Regel) Fern. 

All Virginia B. papyrifera is var. cordifolia 

Paper Birch G5 S2 

Betula lenta L. var. uber Ashe Virginia Roundleaf 

Birch 

G1Q S1 LT LE 

Betula populifolia Marsh. Gray Birch G5 S1 

Boechera dentata (Raf.) Al-Shehbaz & Zarruchi 

syn: Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason 

Short’s Rock Cress G5 S2 

Boechera serotina (Steele) Windham & Al- Shale Barren Rock G2 S2 LE LT 

Shehbaz 

syn: Arabis serotina Steele 

Cress 

10


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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Bolboschoenus fluviatilis (Torr.) J. Sojak River Bulrush G5 S2 

syn: Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) M.T. 

Strong 

Boltonia asteroides (L.) L’Her var. glastifolia 

(Hill) Fern. 

Boltonia montana J.F. Townsend & V. 

Karaman-Castro 

Botrychium lanceolatum (Gmel.) Angstr. var. 

angustisegmentum Pease & Moore 

All Virginia B. lanceolatum is var. 

angustisegmentum 

Eastern Doll'sdaisy 

11 

G5T4T5 S2 

Valley Doll's-daisy G1G2 S1 

Triangle Grape 

Fern 

G5TNR SH 

Botrychium simplex E. Hitchc. var. simplex Dwarf Grape Fern G5T4 S1 

Bromus ciliatus L. Fringed Brome 

Grass 

G5 S1 

Bromus kalmii Gray Arctic Brome G5 S1 

Buchnera americana L. American 

Bluehearts 

G5? S1S2 

Buckleya distichophylla (Nutt.) Torr. Piratebush G3 S2 

Burmannia biflora L. Violet Burmannia G4G5 SH 

Cabomba caroliniana Gray Carolina Fanwort G3G5 S2 

Calamovilfa brevipilis (Torr.) Scribn. 

var. calvipes Fern. not recognized 

Pine Barren 

Sandreed 

G4 S1 

Calopogon pallidus Chapman Pale Grass-pink G4G5 S1 

Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. Tuberous Grasspink 

G5 S2 

Calycanthus floridus L. Sweet-shrub G5 S2 

Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory Wild Hyacinth G4G5 S2 

Campanula rotundifolia L. Harebell G5 S1 

Cardamine clematitis Shuttlw. ex Gray Mountain 

Bittercress 

G3 S1 

Cardamine dissecta (Leavenworth) Al-Shehbaz 

syn: Dentaria multifida Muhl. ex. Ell. 

Fork-leaf 

Toothwort 

G4? S1 

Cardamine flagellifera O.E. Schulz Blue Ridge 

Bittercress 

G3 S1 

Cardamine micranthera Rollins Small-anthered 

Bittercress 

G2 S1 LE LE 

Cardamine pratensis L. 

Only native Virginia populations are 

monitored 

Cuckoo-flower G5 S1 

Carex aestivaliformis Mackenz. 

syn: Carex x aestivaliformis Mackenz. 

Small-fruited 

Summer Sedge 

GNA S1 

Carex aquatilis Wahlenb var. substricta 

Kükenth. 

Aquatic sedge G5TNR S1 

Carex arctata Boott ex Hook. Black Sedge G5 S1 

Carex atherodes Spreng. Awned Sedge G5 S1 

Carex barrattii Schwein. & Torr. Barratt’s Sedge G4 S2 

Carex bebbii Olney ex Fern. Bebb's Sedge G5 S1


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Carex buxbaumii Wahlenb. Brown Bog Sedge G5 S2 

Carex conoidea Schkuhr ex Willd. Field Sedge G5 S1S2 

Carex crawei Dewey Crawe’s Sedge G5 S2 

Carex cristatella Britt. Crested Sedge G5 S1? 

Carex crus-corvi Shuttlw. ex Kunze Crowfoot Sedge G5 S2S3 

Carex davisii Schwein. & Torr. Davis's Sedge G4 S1 

Carex decomposita Muhl. Cypress-knee Sedge G3G4 S2 

Carex flava L. Yellow Sedge G5 S1 

Carex interior Bailey Inland Sedge G5 S1 

Carex juniperorum Catling, Reznicek, & Crins Juniper Sedge G3 S1 LE 

Carex lacustris Willd. Lake-shore Sedge G5 S1 

Carex lasiocarpa Ehrh var. americana Fern. 

Does not include C. lanuginosa Michx. 

Slender Sedge G5T5 S1 

Carex lupuliformis Sartwell ex Dewey False Hop sedge G4 S2 

Carex manhartii Bryson Blue Ridge Purple 

Sedge 

G3G4 S1 

Carex ormostachya Wieg. Necklace Spike G4 S1 

Sedge 

Carex pallescens L. Pale Sedge G5 S1 

Carex polymorpha Muhl. Variable Sedge G3 S2 

Carex prairea Dewey ex Wood Prairie Sedge G5 S1 

Carex reniformis (Bailey) Small Kidney Sedge G4? SH 

Carex roanensis F.J. Herm Roan Mountain G2G3 S2 

Sedge 

Carex schweinitzii Dewey ex Schwein. Schweinitz’s Sedge G3G4 S1 

Carex silicea Olney Sea-beach Sedge G5 SH 

Carex sp. 2 sp. nov. 

Mountain species in Section Acrocystis 

(Montanae) 

A sedge GNR S1 

Carex sterilis Willd. Sterile Sedge G4 S1 

Carex straminea Willd. ex Schkuhr 

Does not include C. hormathodes Fern. 

Straw Sedge G5 S1 

Carex utriculata Boott 

Given as C. rostrata Stokes in Fernald (1950) 

Beaked Sedge G5 S1 

Carex vesicaria L. Inflated Sedge G5 S1S2 

Carex vestita Willd. Velvet Sedge G5 S2 

Carphephorus bellidifolius (Michx.) Torr. & Sandy-woods G4 S1 

Gray 

Chaffhead 

Carphephorus tomentosus (Michx.) Torr. & Woolly Chaffhead G4 S1 

Gray 

Carya carolinae-septentrionalis (Ashe) Engl. & 

Graebn. 

Carolina Shagbark 

Hickory 

12 

G5? S1 

Cerastium velutinum Raf. var. velutinum Field Chickweed G5T4? S2? 

syn: Cerastium arvense L. ssp. velutinum 

(Raf.) Ugborogho. 

Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze Alabama Lip Fern G4G5 S1 

Cheilanthes castanea Maxon Chestnut Lip Fern G5? S2 

Cheilanthes feei T. Moore Slender Lip Fern G5 S1


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Chelone cuthbertii Small Cuthbert's 

Turtlehead 

G3 S2 

Chelone obliqua L. Red Turtlehead G4 S1 

Chrysopsis gossypina (Michx.) Ell. 

syn: Heterotheca gossypina (Michx.) Shinners 

Cottony Goldenaster 

G5 S1 

Cicuta bulbifera L. Bulb-bearing 

Water-hemlock 

G5 SH 

Cirsium altissimum (L.) Hill 

syn: Carduus altissimus L. 

Tall Thistle G5 S1 

Cirsium carolinianum (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. 

syn: Carduus carolinianus Walt. 

Carolina Thistle G5 S1 

Cirsium nuttallii DC. 

syn: Carduus nuttallii (DC.) Pollard 

Nuttall’s Thistle G5 SH 

Cirsium repandum Michx. 

syn: Carduus repandus (Michx.) Pers. 

Sandhill Thistle G5 SH 

Cirsium virginianum (L.) Michx. 

syn: Carduus virginianus L. 

Virginia Thistle G3 S2 

Cladium jamaicense Crantz 

syn: C. mariscus (L.) Pohl ssp. jamaicense 

(Crantz) Kukenth 

Sawgrass G5T5 S2 

Cleistesopsis bifaria (Fern.) Pansarin & F. Small Spreading G4? S2 

Barros 

Pogonia 

Cleistesopsis divaricata (L.) Pansarin & F. Large Spreading G4 S1 

Barros 

Pogonia 

Clematis addisonii Britt. Addison’s 

Leatherflower 

G1? S1? 

Clematis catesbyana Pursh 

Under C. virginiana L. in Radford et al. 

(1968) 

Satin-curls G4G5 S1 

Clematis occidentalis (Hornem.) DC. var. 

occidentalis 

syn: C. verticillatus DC. 

All Virginia C. occidentalis is var. 

occidentalis 

Purple Clematis G5T5 S2 

Clematis viticaulis Steele Millboro 

Leatherflower 

G2 S1 

Clinopodium arkansanum (Nutt.) House 

often confused with Calamintha glabella 

(Michx.) Benth. 

syn: Satureja arkansana (Nutt.) Briquet 

Limestone 

Calamint 

G5 SH 

Cocculus carolinus (L.) A. DC. 

Only native Virginia populations are 

monitored 

Carolina Coralbead G5 S1 

Coelorachis rugosa (Nutt.) Nash 

syn: Manisuris rugosa (Nutt.) Kuntze 

Wrinkled 

Jointgrass 

G5 S1 

Collinsia verna Nutt. Eastern Blue-eyed 

Mary 

G5 S2 

13


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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Collinsonia verticillata Baldw. Whorled 

Horsebalm 

G3G4 S1 

Conioselinum chinense (L.) B.S.P. Hemlock Parsley G5 S1 

Corallorhiza bentleyi Freudenstein Bentley’s Coralroot G1G2 S1 LE 

Corallorhiza maculata (Raf.) Raf. var. 

Western Spotted G5T3T5 S1 

occidentalis (Lindl.) Cockerell 

Coralroot 

Coreopsis delphiniifolia Lam. Larkspur 

Coreopsis 

G3?Q S1 

Coreopsis falcata Boynton Pool Coreopsis G4G5 S1 

Coreopsis linifolia Nutt 

syn: C. oniscicarpa Fern. 

Savanna Coreopsis G4Q S1 

Cornus canadensis L. Bunchberry G5 S1 

Cornus obliqua (Raf.) J.S. Wilson Silky Dogwood G5 S1 

Cornus rugosa Lam. Round-leaf 

Dogwood 

G5 S1 

Crataegus calpodendron (Ehrh.) Medik. Pear Hawthorn G5 S1 

Crataegus mollis Scheele var. mollis Downy Hawthorn G5TNR S1 

Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link var. New River 

G5TNR SH 

neofluvialis (Ashe) Palmer 

Hawthorn 

Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link var. 

succulenta 

Fleshy Hawthorn G5TNR S1 

Crocanthemum bicknellii Fern. (Barnhart) Plains Frostweed G5 S1 

Crocanthemum propinquum Bickn. (Bickn.) Low Frostweed G4 S1 

Crotalaria purshii DC. Pursh's Rattlebox G5 SH 

Crotalaria rotundifolia Walt. ex J.F. Gmel. var. 

vulgaris Windler 

syn: C. angulata P. Mill. 

Low Rattlebox G5 SH 

Ctenium aromaticum (Walt.) Wood Toothache Grass G5 S1 

Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. Buttonbush Dodder G5 SH 

Cuscuta coryli Engelm. Hazel Dodder G5? S2? 

Cuscuta indecora Choisy Big-seed Alfalfa 

Dodder 

G5 S2? 

Cuscuta polygonorum Engelm. Smartweed Dodder G5 S2? 

Cuscuta rostrata Shuttlw. ex Engelm. & Gray Beaked Dodder G4 S2 

Cuthbertia graminea Small 

syn: Tradescantia rosea Vent. var. graminea 

(Small) E.S. Anderson & Woods 

syn: Callisia graminea (Small) G. Tucker 

Grasslike Roselings G5 S1 

Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. ex Torr. Short-point 

flatsedge 

G5 S1 

Cyperus dentatus Torr. Toothed Flatsedge G4 S1 

Cyperus diandrus Torr. Umbrella Flatsedge G5 S1 

Cyperus granitophilus McVaugh Granite Flatsedge G3G4Q S1 

Cyperus houghtonii Torr. Houghton’s 

Flatsedge 

G4? SH 

Cyperus odoratus L. var. engelmannii (Steud.) R. 

Carter 

Slender Sand Sedge G4Q S1 

Cyperus plukenetii Fern. Plukenet’s 

Flatsedge 

G5 S2 

14


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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Cypripedium candidum Muhl. ex Willd. Small White 

Lady’s-slipper 

G4 S1 

Cypripedium kentuckiense C.F. Reed Kentucky Lady’sslipper 

G3 S1 

Cypripedium reginae Walt. Showy Lady’sslipper 

G4 S1 

Cystopteris tennesseensis Shaver Tennessee Bladder 

Fern 

G5 S1 

Dasistoma macrophyllum (Nutt.) Raf. 

syn: Seymeria macrophylla (Nutt.) Raf. 

Mullein Foxglove G4 S1 

Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) Beauv. Tufted Hairgrass G5 S1 

Desmodium canadense (L.) DC. Showy Tick-trefoil G5 S1 

Desmodium cuspidatum (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. ex Toothed Tick- G5T5? S2 

Loud. var. cuspidatum 

All Virginia D. cuspidatum is var. cuspidatum 

trefoil 

Desmodium ochroleucum M.A. Curtis ex Canby Cream-flowered 

Tick-trefoil 

G1G2 SH 

Desmodium sessilifolium (Torr.) Torr. & Gray Sessile-leaf Ticktrefoil 

G5 S2 

Desmodium strictum (Pursh) DC. Pineland Ticktrefoil 

G4 S2 

Desmodium tenuifolium Torr. & Gray Slim-leaf Ticktrefoil 

G4 S1 

Diamorpha smallii Britt. ex Small 

syn: Sedum smallii (Britton ex Small) Ahles 

Small’s Stonecrop G4 S1 

Diarrhena obovata (Gleason) Brandenburg 

syn: D. americana Beauv. var. obovata 

Gleason 

Western Beakgrain G4G5 S1 

Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) LeBlond Ringed Panic Grass G3G4 S2 

syn: Panicum annulum Ashe 

Dichanthelium caerulescens (Hack. ex Hitchc.) 

Correll 

syn: Panicum caerulescens Hack ex A.S. 

Hitchc. 

Under D. dichotomum (L.) Gould var. 

dichotomum in Kartesz (1999) 

Dichanthelium consanguineum (Kunth) Gould & 

C.A. Clark 

syn: Panicum consanguineum Kunth 

Dichanthelium ovale (Ell.) Gould & C. A. Clark 

var. ovale 

syn: Panicum ovale Ell. var. ovale 

Dichanthelium strigosum (Muhl. ex Ell.) 

Freckmann var. strigosum 

syn: Panicum strigosum Muhl. ex Ell. var. 

strigosum 

Blue Panic Grass G2G3 S1 

Blood Panic Grass G5 S1? 

Oval-flowered 

Panic Grass 

Rough-hair Panic 

Grass 

15 

G5T5 S1? 

G5T5 S1


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Didiplis diandra (Nutt. ex DC.) Wood 

syn: Peplis diandra Nutt. ex DC. 

Water-purslane G5 S1 

Digitaria cognata (J.A. Schultes) Pilger 

syn: Leptoloma cognata (J.A. Schultes) Chase 

Fall Witch Grass G5 S2 

Digitaria serotina (Walt.) Michx. Dwarf Crabgrass G5? S1 

Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) Rydberg 

syn: Potentilla arguta Pursh 

Tall Cinquefoil G5 S1 

Dryopteris clintoniana (D.C. Eaton) Dowell Clinton's Wood 

Fern 

G5 SH 

Echinacea laevigata (C.L. Boynt. & Beadle) Smooth Coneflower G2G3 S2 LE LT 

Blake 

Echinocystis lobata (Michx.) Torr. & Gray Wild Cucumber G5 SH 

Echinodorus tenellus (Mart.) Buch. 

syn: Echinodorus parvulus Engelm. 

Dwarf Burhead G5? S1 

Elatine minima (Nutt.) Fisch. & C.A. Mey. Small Waterwort G5 S1 

Eleocharis baldwinii (Torr.) Chapman Baldwin's 

Spikerush 

G4G5 S2 

Eleocharis compressa Sullivant var. compressa Flattened 

G4 S2 

Spikerush 

Under E. elliptica Kunth in Harvill et al. 

(1992) 

Eleocharis equisetoides (Ell.) Torr. Horsetail Spikerush G4 S1 

Eleocharis intermedia J.A. Schultes Matted Spikerush G5 S1 

Eleocharis melanocarpa Torr. Black-fruited 

Spikerush 

G4 S2 

Eleocharis radicans (A. Dietr.) Kunth Rooted Spikerush G5 SH 

Eleocharis robbinsii Oakes Robbins' Spikerush G4G5 S1 

Eleocharis tricostata Torr. Three-angled 

Spikerush 

G4 S1 

Eleocharis uniglumis (Link) Schultes One-scale 

G5? S1 

Spikerush 

formerly listed as Eleocharis halophila 

Eleocharis vivipara Link Viviparous 

Spikerush 

G5 S1 

Eleocharis wolfii (Gray) Gray ex Britt. Wolf's Spikerush G3G4 S1 

Elymus canadensis L. var. canadensis Nodding Wild Rye G5TNR S2? 

Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners 

ssp. trachycaulus 

syn: Agropyron trachycaulum (Link) Malte ex 

H.F. Lewis 

All Virginia E. trachycaulus is ssp. 

trachycaulus 

Slender 

Wheatgrass 

16 

G5T5 S2 

Enemion biternatum Raf. 

syn: Isopyrum biternatum (Raf.) Torr. & Gray 

False Rue-anemone G5 S1 

Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum American Willowherb 

G5T5 S2 

Epilobium leptophyllum Raf. Bog Willow-herb G5 S2 

Equisetum fluviatile L. Water Horsetail G5 S1


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Equisetum sylvaticum L. Woodland 

Horsetail 

G5 S1 

Erigeron vernus (L.) Torr. & Gray White-top Fleabane G5 S2 

Eriocaulon aquaticum (Hill) Druce 

syn: E. septangulare Withering 

syn: E. pellucidum Michx. 

Seven-angled 

Pipewort 

G5 S1 

Eriocaulon decangulare L. var. decangulare Ten-angled 

Pipewort 

G5T5? S2 

Eriocaulon parkeri B.L. Robins. Parker’s Pipewort G3 S2 

Eryngium integrifolium Walt. Blue-flower Eryngo G5 S1 

Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. var. yuccifolium 

All Virginia E. yuccifolium is var. yuccifolium 

Northern 

Rattlesnake-master 

G5T5 S2 

Erysimum capitatum (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene Western 

G5T5 S2 

var. capitatum 

All Virginia E. capitatum is var. capitatum 

Wallflower 

Erythronium albidum Nutt. White Trout Lily G5 S2 

Eupatorium anomalum Nash Florida 

Thoroughwort 

G2G3 S1 

Eupatorium linearifolium Walter Narrow-leaf Bushy 

Thoroughwort 

G5 SH 

Euphorbia bombensis Jacquin 

syn: Chamaesyce bombensis (Jacquin) 

Dugand 

Southern Seaside 

Spurge 

G4G5 S2 

Euphorbia exserta (Small) Coker Maroon Sandhills 

Spurge 

G4? S1 

Euphorbia purpurea (Raf.) Fern. Glade Spurge G3 S2 

Eurybia radula (Ait.) Nesom 

syn: Aster radula Ait. 

Low Rough Aster G5 S1 

Eurybia surculosa (Michx) Nesom 

syn: Aster surculosus Michx. 

Creeping Aster G4G5 S1 

Eutrochium maculatum (L.) E.E. Lamont var. Spotted Joe-pye- G5T5 S1 

maculatum 

syn: Eupatorium maculatum L. var. 

maculatum 

weed 

Filipendula rubra (Hill) B.L. Robins. Queen-of-the- 

Prairie 

G4G5 S2 

Fimbristylis perpusilla Harper ex Small & Britt. Harper’s Fimbry G2 S1 LE 

Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl var. 

puberula 

Under F. spadicea (L.) Vahl. in Radford et al. 

(1968) 

Under F. caroliniana (Lam.) Fern. in Fernald 

(1950) 

All Virginia F. puberula is var. puberula 

Hairy Fimbry G5T5? S1 

Fleischmannia incarnata (Walt.) King & H.E. 

Robins. 

syn: Eupatorium incarnatum Walter 

Pink Thoroughwort G5 S2 

17


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Fragaria vesca L. var. americana (Porter) Staudt 

All native F. vesca is var. americana 

Woodland 

Strawberry 

G5T5 S2? 

Fuirena breviseta (Coville) Coville 

Under F. squarrosa Michx. in Radford et al. 

(1968) 

Short-bristled 

Umbrella-sedge 

G5 SH 

Gaylussacia brachycera (Michx.) Gray Box Huckleberry G3 S1 

Gentiana autumnalis L. Pine Barren 

Gentian 

G3 S1 

Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small var. 

Western Stiff G5T4T5 S1? 

occidentalis Gray 

Gentian 

Gentianopsis crinita (Froel.) Ma 

syn: Gentiana crinita Froel. 

Greater Fringed 

Gentian 

G5 S1 

Geum aleppicum Jacq. Yellow Avens G5 SH 

Geum laciniatum Murr. Rough Avens G5 S2 

Gillenia stipulata (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nutt. 

syn: Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhl. ex Willd.) 

Britt. 

American ipecac G5 S1 

Glyceria grandis S. Wats. var. grandis 

All Virginia G. grandis is var. grandis 

American 

Mannagrass 

G5T5 S1 

Glyceria laxa (Scribn.) Scribn. Northern 

Mannagrass 

G5 S1? 

Gnaphalium uliginosum L. Low Cudweed G5 S1 

Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. Dwarf Rattlesnakeplantain 

G5 S2? 

Gratiola ramosa Walt. Branched Hedgehyssop 

G4G5 S1 

Harperella vivipara Rose 

syn: Ptilimnium viviparum (Rose) Mathias 

Harperella G2 S1 LE LE 

Helenium brevifolium (Nutt.) Wood Short-leaf 

Sneezeweed 

G4 S2 

Helenium virginicum Blake Virginia 

Sneezeweed 

G3 S2 LT LE 

Helianthus occidentalis Riddell ssp. occidentalis Western Sunflower G5T5 S1 

Heliotropium curassavicum L. var. curassivicum Seaside Heliotrope G5T5 S1 

Helonias bullata L. Swamp-pink G3 S2S3 LT LE 

Heteranthera multiflora (Griseb.) Horn Mud Plantain G4 S1 

Heuchera alba Rydb. White Alumroot G2Q S2? 

Heuchera caroliniana (Rosendahl, Butters & 

Lakela) E. Wells 

Carolina Alumroot G3 S1 

Hexastylis contracta Blomquist Mountain Heartleaf G3 S1 

Honckenya peploides (L.) Ehrh. ssp. robusta Sea-beach 

G5T4 SH 

(Fern.) Hulten 

syn: Honkenya peploides (L.) Ehrh. 

syn: Arenaria peploides L. var. robusta Fern. 

All Virginia H. peploides is ssp. robusta 


18


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Hordeum jubatum L. ssp. jubatum 

Only native Virginia occurrences are 

monitored 

Foxtail Barley G5T5 S1 

Houstonia canadensis Willd. ex Roemer & J.A. 

Schultes 

syn: Hedyotis canadensis (Willd. ex Roemer 

& J.A. Schultes) Fosberg 

Canada Bluets G4G5 S2 

Houstonia nigricans (Lam.) Fernald var. Glade Bluets G5TNR S1 

nigricans 

syn: Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg 

Huperzia appressa (Desvaux) A. Löve & D. Löve 

syn: Huperzia appalachiana Beitel & Mickel 

Appalachian Fir 

Clubmoss 

G4G5 S2 

Huperzia porophila (Lloyd & Underwood) Holub Rock Clubmoss 

syn: Lycopodium porophilum Lloyd & 

Underwood 

G4 S1 

Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam. Coastal Waterpennywort 

G5 S2 

Hypericum adpressum Raf. ex W. Bart. Bog St. John's-wort G3 S1 

Hypericum boreale (Britt.) Bickn. Northern St. 

John’s-wort 

Hypericum densiflorum Pursh var. interior Interior Bushy St. 

(Small) Sorrie & Weakley 

John's-wort 

19 

G5 S2 

G5TNR S1 

Hypericum denticulatum Walt. 

Does not include H. virgatum (=H. 

denticulatum var. acutifolium Ell.) 

Coppery St. John’swort 

G5 SH 

Hypericum fraseri Spach 

syn: Triadenum fraseri (Spach) Gleason 

Fraser’s Marsh St. 

John’s-wort 

G5 S2 

Hypericum lloydii (Svenson) P. Adams Sandhill St. John'swort 

G4? SH 

Hypericum setosum L. Hairy St. John'swort 

G4G5 S1S2 

Hypericum tubulosum Walt. 

syn: Triadenum tubulosum (Walt.) Gleason 

Lesser Marsh St. 

John's-wort 

G4? S2 

Hypoxis sessilis L. 

Includes H. longii Fern. 

Glossy-seed Yellow 

Stargrass 

G4 SH 

Ilex collina Alexander 

syn: Nemopanthus collinus (Alexander) R. 

Clark 

Long-stalked Holly G3 S2 LE 

Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapman Big Gallberry G5 S2 

Iliamna corei Sherff 

Under I. rivularis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene 

var. rivularis in Kartesz (1999) 

Peters Mountain 

Mallow 

G1Q S1 LE LE


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Iliamna remota Greene Kankakee Mallow G1Q S1 

Under I. rivularis (Dougl. ex Hook.) Greene 

var. rivularis in Kartesz (1999) 

Isoetes appalachiana Brunton & Britton Appalachian 

Quillwort 

G4 S2? 

Isoetes hyemalis Brunton Winter Quillwort G2G3 S2 

Isoetes lacustris L. Lake Quillwort G5 S1? 

Isoetes mattaponica L.J. Musselman & W.C. Mattaponi 

GU S2 

Taylor 

Quillwort 

Isoetes melanopoda Gay & Durieu ex Durieu Black-footed 

Quillwort 

G5 S1? 

Isoetes piedmontana (N.E. Pfeiffer) C.F. Reed Piedmont Quillwort G3 S1? 

Isoetes virginica N.E. Pfeiffer Virginia Quillwort G1 S1? 

Isotria medeoloides (Pursh) Raf. Small Whorled 

Pogonia 

G2 S2 LT LE 

Iva imbricata Walt. Dune Marsh-elder G5? S1S2 

Juncus articulatus L. Jointed Rush G5 S1S2 

Juncus balticus Willd. var. littoralis Engelm. 

All Virginia J. balticus is var. littoralis 

Baltic Rush G5T5 S1 

Juncus brachycephalus (Engelm.) Buch. Small-headed Rush G5 S2 

Juncus brevicaudatus (Engelm.) Fern. Narrow-panicled G5 S2 

Rush 

Juncus caesariensis Coville New Jersey Rush G2G3 S2 LT 

Juncus elliottii Chapman Bog Rush G4G5 S1S2 

Juncus megacephalus M.A. Curtis Big-headed Rush G4G5 S2 

Juncus nodosus L. Knotted Rush G5 S1 

Juncus pelocarpus E. Mey. Brown-fruited G5 S2 

Rush 

Juncus torreyi Coville Torrey’s Rush G5 S2 

Juncus trifidus L. Highland Rush G5 S1 

Juniperus communis L. var. depressa Pursh 

All Virginia J. communis is var. depressa 

Ground Juniper G5T5 S1 

Kalmia angustifolia L. Sheep Laurel G5 S2 

Kalmia carolina Small 

syn: Kalmia anugustifolia L. var. caroliniana 

(Small) Fernald 

Carolina Laurel G4 S2 

Lachnanthes caroliniana (Lam.) Dandy 

syn: L. caroliana (Lam.) Dandy 

syn: L. tinctoria (G.F. Gmel.) Ell. 

Redroot G4 SH 

Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong Common Bogbuttons 

G5 S1S2 

Lathyrus palustris L. Marsh Pea G5 S1 

Lechea intermedia Leggett ex Britt. var. 

Round-fruit G5T4T5 SH 

intermedia 

All Virginia L. intermedia is var. intermedia 

Pinweed 

Leersia hexandra Sw. Southern Cutgrass G5 SH 

Lemna trisulca L. Star Duckweed G5 S1 

Leucospora multifida(Michx.) Nutt. Narrow-leaf 

Paleseed 

G5 S1 

20


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Leucothoe fontanesiana (Steud.) Sleumer 

syn: L. editorum Fern. & Schub. 

syn: L. axillaris (Lam.) D. Don var. editorum 

(Fern. & Shub.) Ahles 

Highland Doghobble 

G5 S1S2 

Lilaeopsis carolinensis Coult. & Rose 

syn: L. attenuata (Hook. & Arn.) Fern. 

Carolina Lilaeopsis G3G5 S1 

Lilium catesbaei Walt. Pine Lily G4 S1 

Lilium grayi S. Wats. 

Includes low-elevation (< 1200 m.) 

occurrences, which are likely intergrades 

between L. grayi and L. canadense (syn: L. x 

pseudograyi Grove) 

Gray’s Lily G3 S2 

Lilium pyrophilum M.W. Skinner & Sorrie Sandhills Bog Lily G2 S1 

Limosella australis R. Br. 

syn: L. subulata Ives 

Mudwort G4G5 SH 

Liparis loeselii (L.) L.C. Rich. Bog Twayblade G5 S2 

Lipocarpha maculata (Michx.) Torr. American Halfchaff 

Sedge 

G5 S1 

Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) G. Tucker 

syn: Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax 

Small-flower 

Halfchaff Sedge 

G5 S2 

Lithospermum caroliniense (Walt. ex J.F. Gmel.) 

MacM. 

Golden Puccoon G4G5 S1 

Lithospermum virginianum L. 

syn: Onosmodium virginianum (L.) DC. 

Virginia False 

Gromwell 

G4 S2 

Litsea aestivalis (L.) Fern. Pondspice G3 S1 

Lobelia elongata Small Long-leaf Lobelia G4G5 S1 

Ludwigia alata Ell. Winged Seedbox G3G5 S1 

Ludwigia brevipes (B.H. Long ex Britt., A. Braun Long Beach G2G3 S2 

& Small) Eames 

Seedbox 

Ludwigia hirtella Raf. Rafinesque’s 

Seedbox 

G5 S1 

Ludwigia pilosa Walt. Hairy Seedbox G5 S1 

Ludwigia ravenii Peng Raven’s Seedbox G1G2 S1 

Ludwigia virgata Michx. Savanna Seedbox G5 SH 

Lycopodiella inundata (L.) Holub 

syn: Lycopodium inundatum L. 

Northern Bog 

Clubmoss 

G5 S1 

Lysimachia hybrida Michx. Lowland 

Loosestrife 

G5 S2 

Lysimachia quadriflora Sims Prairie Loosestrife G5? S1 

Lysimachia radicans Hook. Trailing Loosestrife G4G5 SH 

Lythrum alatum Pursh Winged Loosestrife G5 S2 

Lythrum lanceolatum Ell. 

syn: Lythrum alatum Pursh var. lanceolatum 

(Ell.) Torr. & Gray ex Rothrock 

Lance-leaf 

Loosestrife 

G5 SH 

Magnolia macrophylla Michx. Bigleaf Magnolia G5 S1 

21


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link 

syn: Smilacina stellata (L.) Desf. 

Starry Solomon'splume 

G5 S2 

Malvastrum angustum A. Gray 

syn: Malvastrum hispidum (Pursh) 

Hochreutiner 

Hispid False 

Mallow 

G3G5 S1 

Manfreda virginica (L.) Salisb. ex Rose 

syn: Agave virginica L. 

Rattlesnake-master G5 S2 

Marshallia legrandii Weakley Tall Barbara'sbuttons 

GNR S1 

Marshallia obovata (Walt.) Beadle & F.E. Boynt. Piedmont 

G4G5T3T5 S2 

var. obovata 

All Virginia M. obovata is var. obovata 

Barbara's-buttons 

Matelea decipiens (Alexander) Woods. Old-field Milkvine G5 S1 

Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro var. 

pensylvanica (Willd.) C.V. Morton 

All Virginia M. struthiopteris is var. 

pensylvanica 

Ostrich Fern G5T5 S1 

Melica nitens (Scribn.) Nutt. ex Piper Three-flower Melic G5 S1S2 

Menyanthes trifoliata L. Buckbean G5 S1 

Micranthemum micranthemoides (Nutt.) Wettst. Nuttall’s 

Micranthemum 

GH SH 

Micranthemum umbrosum (J.F. Gmel.) Blake Shade Mudflower G5 S2 

Micranthes careyana (A. Gray) Small 

syn: Saxifraga careyana Gray 

Carey's Saxifrage G3 S1 

Mimosa microphylla Dryander 

syn: Schrankia microphylla (Dry.) J.F. MacBr. 

Little-leaf 

Sensitive-brier 

G5T5 S2 

Mimulus moschatus Dougl. ex Lindl. Muskflower G5 S1 

Minuartia caroliniana (Walt.) Mattf. 

syn: Arenaria caroliniana Walt. 

Carolina Sandwort G5 SH 

Minuartia groenlandica (Retz.) Ostenf. 

syn: Arenaria groenlandica (Retz.) Spreng. 

Mountain 


G5 S1 

Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. 

syn: Arenaria patula Michx. 

Pitcher’s 

Stitchwort 

G4 S2 

Mitreola petiolata (J.F. Gmel.) Torr. & Gray 

syn: Cynoctonum mitreola (L.) Britt. 

Lax Hornpod G5 S1 

Mitreola sessilifolia (J.F. Gmel) G. Don Swamp Hornpod G4G5 S1 

syn: Cynoctonum sessilifolium J.F. Gmel. 

Moehringia lateriflora (L.) Fenzl 

syn: Arenaria lateriflora L. 

Under Morella. cerifera L. in Kartesz (1999) 

Grove Sandwort G5 S1 

Monarda fistulosa L. var. brevis Fosberg & Artz Smoke Hole 

Bergamot 

G5T1 SH 

Morella pumila (Michx.) Small Dwarf Wax Myrtle G5 S1 

22


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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Muhlenbergia bushii Pohl 

Includes M. brachyphylla Bush 

Bush’s Muhly G5 S1 

Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Torr. ex Hook.) Rydb. Plains Muhly G4 S2 

Muhlenbergia expansa (Poir.) Trin. 

syn: M. capillaris (Lam.) Trin. var. 

trichopodes (Ell.) Vasey 

Cut-over Muhly G5 SH 

Muhlenbergia glabriflora Scribn. Inland Muhly G4? SH 

Muhlenbergia glomerata (Willd.) Trin. Marsh Muhly G5 S2 

Myriophyllum humile (Raf.) Morong Low Water-milfoil G5 S1 

Myriophyllum laxum Shuttlw. ex Chapm. Loose Watermilfoil 

G3 SH 

Nabalus autumnalis (Walt.) Weakley 

syn: Prenanthes autumnalis Walt. 

Slender 

Rattlesnake-root 

G4G5 S2 

Napaea dioica L. Glade Mallow G4 S1? 

Nestronia umbellula Raf. Nestronia G4 S1 LE 

Nuphar sagittifolia (Walt.) Pursh 

syn: Nuphar lutea (L.) Sm. ssp. sagittifolia 

(Walt.) E.O. Beal 

Narrow-leaved 

Spatterdock 

G2 S1 LT 

Nymphoides aquatica (J.F. Gmel.) Kuntze Big Floating Heart G5 S1 

Oenothera riparia Nuttall 

syn: O. tetragona Roth ssp. glauca (Michaux) 

Munz var. riparia (Nuttall) Munz 

included in O. fruticosa L. by Radford et al. 

(1968) 

Riverbank 

Evening-primrose 

G2G3 S1S2 

Oldenlandia boscii (DC.) Chapman 

syn: Hedyotis boscii DC. 

Bosc’s Bluets G5 S1 

Ophioglossum petiolatum Hook. Long-stem Adder'stongue 

G5 S1 

Ophioglossum pusillum Raf. 

syn: O. vulgatum L. var. pseudopodium 

(Blake) Farw. 

Northern Adder'stongue 

G5 S1 

Orbexilum onobrychis (Nutt.) Rydb. Lance-leaf 

G5 S1 

Scurfpea 

syn: Psoralea onobrychis Nutt. 

Orthilia secunda (L.) House 

syn: Pyrola secunda L. 

One-sided Shinleaf G5 SH 

Oryzopsis asperifolia Michx. Rough-leaved 

Ricegrass 

G5 S1 

Osmanthus americanus (L.) Benth. & Hook f. ex 

Gray 

Wild Olive G5 S1 

Osmundastrum cinnamomeum (L.) C. Presl var. 

glandulosum (Waters) McAvoy 

Glandular 

Cinnamon Fern 

23 

G5TNR S1 

Oxypolis ternata (Nutt.) A. Heller Savanna Cowbane G3 SH 

Given as O. filiformis (Walt.) Britt. in Harvill 

et al. (1992)


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Packera millefolium (Torr. & Gray) Weber & Yarrow-leaved G2 S2 

Löve 

syn: Senecio millefolium Torr. & Gray 

Ragwort 

Panicum hemitomon J.A. Schultes Maidencane G5? S2 

Parathelypteris simulata (Davenport) Holttum 

syn: Thelypteris simulata (Davenport) 

Nieuwland 

Bog Fern G4G5 S1S2 

Parnassia grandifolia DC. Large-leaved 

Grass-of-Parnassus 

G3 S2 

Paronychia virginica Spreng. var. virginica Yellow Nailwort G4TNR S1 

Paspalum bifidum (Bertol.) Nash Pitchfork Paspalum G5 SH 

Paspalum dissectum (L.) L. Walter's Paspalum G4? S2 

Paspalum distichum L. Joint Paspalum G5 S2 

Paspalum praecox Walt. Early Paspalum G4 S1 

Paxistima canbyi Gray 

syn: Pachistima canbyi 

Canby’s Mountainlover 

G2 S2 

Pediomelum canescens (Michx.) Rydb. 

syn: Psoralea canescens Michx. 

Buckroot G3G4 S1 

Penstemon australis Small Southern Beardtongue 

G5 S2? 

Penstemon calycosus Small Calico Beardtongue 

G5 SH 

Phacelia covillei S. Watson ex A. Gray Coville's Phacelia G3 S1 

Phacelia fimbriata Michx. Fringed Scorpionweed 

G4 S2 

Phalaris caroliniana Walt. Carolina Canary 

Grass 

G5? SH 

Phanopyrum gymnocarpon (Ell.) Nash 

syn: Panicum gymnocarpum Ell. 

Savanna Panic 

Grass 

G5 S1 

Phemeranthus piedmontanus S. Ware Piedmont 

G1 S1 

Fameflower 

Phlox amplifolia Britt. Large-leaf Phlox G3G5 S2 

Phlox buckleyi Wherry Sword-leaf Phlox G2 S2 

Phlox pilosa L. Downy Phlox G5 S1 

Phyla nodiflora (L.) Greene 

syn: Lippia nodiflora (L.) Michx. 

Sawtooth Frogfruit G5 S1 

Pinus palustris P. Mill. 

syn: P. australis Michx. f. 

Longleaf Pine G5 S1 

Plantago cordata Lam. King-root G4 SH 

Plantago maritima L. var. juncoides (Lam.) Gray 

All Virginia P. maritima is var. juncoides 

Seaside Plantain G5T5 SH 

Platanthera blephariglottis (Willd.) Lindl. 

Conflicting opinions on whether Virginia 

material is var. blephariglottis or var. 

conspicua 

Small White 

Fringed Orchid 

G4G5 S1 

24


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Platanthera grandiflora (Bigelow) Lindl. 

syn: Habenaria fimbriata (Ait.) R. Br. Ex 

Ait. f. 

syn: Habenaria psycodes (L.) Spreng. var. 

grandiflora (Bigelow) Gray 

Large Purple 

Fringed Orchid 

G5 S1 

Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl. 

syn: Habenaria leucophaea (Nutt.) Gray 

Prairie Fringed 

Orchid 

G2G3 S1 LT LT 

Platanthera peramoena (Gray) Gray 

syn: Habenaria peramoena Gray 

Purple Fringeless 

Orchid 

G5 S2 

Platanthera shriveri P.M. Brown Shriver's Frilly 

Orchid 

G1 S1 

Poa paludigena Fern. & Wieg. Bog Bluegrass G3 S2 

Poa palustris L. Fowl Bluegrass G5 S1S2 

Poa languida Hitchcock Drooping Bluegrass GNR S2 

Poa saltuensis Fern. & Wieg. Weak Bluegrass G5 S2 

Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. var. dodecandra 

All Virginia P. dodecandra is var. dodecandra 

Common Clammyweed 

G5T5? S2 

Polygala ramosa Ell. Low Pine Barren 

Milkwort 

G5 SH 

Polygonella polygama (Vent.) Engelm. & Gray 

var. polygama 

October-flower G4T? S1 

Polygonum glaucum Nutt. Sea-beach 

Knotweed 

G3 S2 

Populus tremuloides Michx. Quaking Aspen G5 S2 

Portulaca smallii P. Wilson Small’s Purslane G3 S1 

Potamogeton amplifolius Tuckerman Bigleaf Pondweed G5 S1S2 

Potamogeton bicupulatus Fern. Snailseed 

Pondweed 

G4 S1 

Potamogeton friesii Rupr. Fries’ Pondweed G4 SH 

Potamogeton hillii Morong Hill’s Pondweed G3 S1 

Potamogeton oakesianus J.W. Robbins Oakes' Pondweed G4 S2 

Potamogeton robbinsii Oakes Flatleaf Pondweed G5 SH 

Potamogeton spirillus Tuckerman Spiral Pondweed G5 S1 

Potamogeton strictifolius Benn. Straightleaf 

Pondweed 

G5 S1 

Potamogeton tennesseensis Fern. Tennessee 

Pondweed 

G2 S1 

Potamogeton zosteriformis Fern. Flatstem Pondweed G5 S1 

Prunus maritima Marshall Beach Plum G4 S1? 

Prunus nigra Ait. Canada Plum G4G5 S1? 

Prunus susquehanae Hort. ex Willd. 

syn: Prunus pumila L. var. susquehanae 

(Hort. ex Willd.) Jaeger 

Susquehanna Sand 

Cherry 

G4 S1 

25


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Pseudognaphalium helleri (Britt.) A. Anderb. 

Includes var. helleri and var. micradenium 

(Weatherby) Mahler 

Heller's Cudweed G4G5 S1 

Pseudognaphalium macounii (Greene) Kartesz Clammy 

G5 S1 

Everlasting 

syn: G. viscosum Kunth 

Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana (L.) Holub Carolina Bog 

Clubmoss 

26 

G4 SH 

syn: Lydopodium carolinianum L. 

syn: Lycopodiella caroliniana (L.) Pichi 

Sermolli 

Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) Bickn. Eastern Alkali 

Grass 

G3G5 SH 

Pycnanthemum clinopodioides Torr. & Gray Basil Mountainmint 

G1G2 S1 

Pycnanthemum setosum Nutt. Awned Mountainmint 

G4 S1 

Pycnanthemum torreyi Benth. Torrey's Mountainmint 

G2 S2? 

Pyrola chlorantha Sw. 

syn: P. virens Schreb. 

Green Pyrola G5 SH 

Pyrola elliptica Nutt. Shinleaf G5 S2 

Pyxidanthera barbulata Michx. var. barbulata Common Pyxie- G4TNR S1 

moss 

Quercus hemisphaerica Bartr. ex Willd. 

Under Q. laurifolia Michx. in Radford et al. 

(1968) 

Sand Laurel Oak G5 S1 

Quercus incana Bartr. Bluejack Oak G5 S2 

Quercus macrocarpa Michx. Bur Oak G5 S1 

Quercus prinoides Willd. Dwarf Chinquapin G5 S1 

Oak 

Ranunculus ambigens S. Wats. Water-plantain 

Crowfoot 

G4 S1 

Ranunculus hederaceus L. Ivy-leaved Water 

Crowfoot 

G5 SH 

Ranunculus laxicaulis (Torr. & Gray) Darby Mississippi 

Buttercup 

G5? S1 

Ranunculus longirostris Godr. 

syn: Ranunculus aquatalis L. var. diffuses 

Withering 

Long-beaked 

Buttercup 

G5 SH 

Rhamnus alnifolia L’Her. Alder-leaved 

Buckthorn 

G5 S1 

Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh var. glabrata Gleason 

Most Virginia R. lanceolata is var. lanceolata 

(see watchlist) 

Western Lance-leaf 

Buckthorn 

G5T4T5 S1 

Rhexia petiolata Walt. Fringed Meadow 

Beauty 

G5? S1 

Rhododendron arborescens (Pursh) Torr. Sweet Azalea G4G5 S2 

Rhus michauxii Sarg. Michaux’s Sumac G2G3 S1 LE LT


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Rhynchospora alba (L.) Vahl Northern White 

Beaksedge 

G5 S2 

Rhynchospora capillacea Torr. Needle Beaksedge G4 S1 

Rhynchospora cephalantha Gray var. attenuata Small Bunched G5T3? S2 

Gale 

Beaksedge 

Rhynchospora colorata (L.) H. Pfieffer 

syn: Dichromena colorata (L.) Hitchc. 

Narrow-leaf 

Whitetop Sedge 

G5 S1 

Rhynchospora debilis Gale Savanna Beaksedge G4? S1 

Rhynchospora distans (Michx.) Chapm. Fasciculate 

Beaksedge 

G4? S1 

Rhynchospora fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl Fasciculate 

Beaksedge 

G3G5 S1 

Rhynchospora filifolia Gray Thread-leaved 

Beaksedge 

G5 SH 

Rhynchospora grayi Kunth Gray’s Beaksedge G4 SH 

Rhynchospora harveyi W. Boott Harvey’s 

Beaksedge 

G4 S1 

Rhynchospora miliacea (Lam.) Gray Millet Beaksedge G5 SH 

Rhynchospora nitens (Vahl) Gray 

syn: Psilocarya nitens (Vahl) Wood 

Short-beaked 

Beaksedge 

G4? SH 

Rhynchospora oligantha Gray Feather-bristled 

Beaksedge 

G4 S1 

Rhynchospora pallida M.A. Curtis Pale Beaksedge G3 SH 

Rhynchospora scirpoides (Torr.) Gray 

syn: Psilocarya scirpoides Torr. 

Long-beaked 

Beaksedge 

G4 S1 

Rhynchospora stenophylla Chapman Coastal Bog 

Beaksedge 

G4 S1 

Rhynchospora wrightiana Boeckl. Wright’s 

Beaksedge 

G5 S1 

Ribes americanum P. Mill. Wild Black 

Currant 

G5 S1 

Rorippa aquatica (Eat.) E.J. Palmer & 

Steyermark 

syn: Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene 

Lake Cress G4? SH 

Rorippa sessiliflora (Nutt.) A.S. Hitchc. Stalkless Yellow 

Cress 

G5 S1 

Rosa setigera Michx. Climbing Prairie 

Rose 

G5 S1 

Rosa virginiana Miller Virginia Rose G5 SH 

Rubus dalibarda L. 

syn: Dalibarda repens L. 

Dewdrop G5 S1 

Rubus idaeus L. ssp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke Red Raspberry G5T5 S2 

Rudbeckia heliopsidis Torr. & Gray Sun-facing 

Coneflower 

G2 S1 

Rudbeckia triloba L. var. beadlei (Small) Fern. 

syn: Rudbeckia triloba L. var. pinnatiloba 

Pinnate-lobed 

Coneflower 

G5T3 S1 

27


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Sabatia campanulata (L.) Torr. Slender Marshpink 

G5 S2 

Sabatia difformis (L.) Druce Lance-leaved Rosegentian 

G4G5 S1 

Saccharum coarctatum (Fern.) R. Webster 

syn: Erianthus coarctatus Fern. 

syn: Erianthus coarctatus var. elliottianus 

Fern. 

Compressed 

Plumegrass 

G5? S1? 

Sagittaria brevirostra Mackenzie & Bush Short-beak 

arrowhead 

G5 SH 

Sagittaria calycina Engelm. Long-lobed 

Arrowhead 

G5 S1 

Sagittaria spatulata (J.G. Smith) Buchenau 

syn: Sagittaria calycina Engelm. var. 

spongiosa Engelm. 

Tidal Arrowhead G5T4 S1 

Sagittaria engelmanniana J.G. Sm. Engelmann's 

Arrowhead 

G5? SH 

Sagittaria rigida Pursh Sessile-fruited 

Arrowhead 

G5 S1 

Salix discolor Muhl. Pussy Willow G5 S1 

Salix exigua Nutt. var. sericans (Nees) Nesom Sandbar Willow G5TNR S1 

Sanguisorba canadensis L. Canada Burnet G5 S2 

Sarracenia flava L. Yellow Pitcher 

Plant 

G5? S1 

Sarracenia purpurea L. Purple Pitcher 

Plant 

G5 S1 

Sceptridium jenmanii Underwood (Lyon) 

syn: Botrychium jenmanii Underwood 

Alabama Grape 

Fern 

G3G4 SH 

Sceptridium multifidum (S.G. Gmelin) M. Leathery Grape G5 S1 

Nishida 

syn: Botrychium multifidum (Gmel.) Trev. 

Fern 

Sceptridium oneidense (Gilbert) Holub 

syn: Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House 

Blunt-lobe Grape 

Fern 

G4Q S2 

Schizachne purpurascens (Torr.) Swallen Purple Oatgrass G5 S1 

Schoenoplectus acutus (Muhl. ex Bigelow) Love 

& Love var. acutus 

syn: Scirpus acutus Muhl. ex Bigelow 

Hard-stem Bulrush G5T5 S1 

Schoenoplectus etuberculatus (Steud.) Sojak 

syn: Scirpus etuberculatus (Steud.) Kuntze 

Swamp Bulrush G3G4 SH 

Schoenoplectus smithii (Gray) Sojak 

syn: Scirpus smithii Gray 

Smith’s Bulrush G5? SH 

Schoenoplectus subterminalis (Torr.) Sojak 

syn: Scirpus subterminalis Torr. 

Water Bulrush G4G5 S1S2 

Schoenoplectus torreyi (Olney) Palla Torrey’s Bulrush G5? S1 

syn: Scirpus torreyi Olney 

Schwalbea americana L. Chaffseed G2G3 SH LE 

28


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Scirpus ancistrochaetus Schuyler Northeastern 

Bulrush 

G3 S2 LE LE 

Scirpus flaccidifolius (Fern.) Schuyler 

syn: S. atrovirens Willd. var. flaccidifolius 

Fern. 

Reclining Bulrush G2 S1 LT 

Scleria ciliata Michx. var. ciliata Hairy Nutrush G5TNR S1 

Scleria minor W. Stone Slender Nutrush G4 S2 

Scleria pauciflora Muhl. ex Willd. var. 

caroliniana (Willd.) Wood 

Carolina Nutrush G5T4T5 S1 

Scleria verticillata Muhl. ex Willd. Whorled Nutrush G5 S2 

Sclerolepis uniflora (Walt.) B.S.P. One-flowered 

Sclerolepis 

G4 S1 

Scutellaria galericulata L. 

syn: S. epilobiifolia A. Hamilton 

Hooded Skullcap G5 S1 

Scutellaria incana Biehler Hoary Skullcap G5 S2 

Senecio suaveolens (L.) Elliott 

syn: Hasteola suaveolens (L.) Pojark. 

Sweet-scented 

Indian-plantain 

G4 S2 

Seymeria cassioides (J.F. Gmel.) Blake Senna Seymeria G5 S1S2 

Sibbaldia tridentata (Ait.) Paule & Soják 

syn: Potentilla tridentata Ait. 

Three-toothed 

Cinquefoil 

G5 S2 

Sida elliottii Torr. & Gray var. elliottii Elliott's Sida G4G5TNR S1 

Virginia material is referrable to Sida inflexa 

Fern., but treated here as an anomalous form 

of S. elliottii var. elloittii. 

Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby Virginia Sida G3 S1 

Silene nivea (Nutt.) Muhl. ex Otth Snowy Campion G4? S1 

Silene ovata Pursh Mountain Catchfly G3 S1 

Silene rotundifolia Nutt. Round-leaf 

Catchfly 

G4 S2 

Silphium terebinthinaceum Jacq. Prairie Rosin Weed G4G5 S1 

Sisyrinchium albidum Raf. White Blue-eyedgrass 

G5? S2 

Smilax ecirrata (Engelm. ex Kunth) S. Wats. Upright Carrion- G5? S1 

flower 

also spelled ecirrhata 

Solidago gracillima Torr. & Gray 

Includes S. perlonga Fern. 

Southern Bog 

Goldenrod 

G4? S2 

Solidago latissimifolia P. Mill. Elliott's Goldenrod G5 S2 

syn: S. elliottii Torr. & Gray 

Solidago patula Muhl. ex Willd. var. 

strictula Torr. & Gray 

syn: Solidago salicina Ell. 

Southern Roughleaved 

Goldenrod 

29 

G5T5 S1


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Solidago racemosa Greene 

syn: S. simplex Kunth ssp. randii (Porter) 

Ringius var. racemosa (Greene) Ringius, 

syn: S. simplex Kunth var. racemosa (Greene) 

Ringius 

Sticky Goldenrod G3? S1 

Solidago randii (Porter) Britt. 

syn: S. simplex Kunth ssp. randii (Porter) 

Ringius var. randii 

syn: S. simplex Kunth var. randii (Porter) 

Ringius 

Rand’s Goldenrod G4 S2S3 

Solidago rigida L. var. glabrata E.L. Braun 

syn: Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) var. glabratum 

(E.L. Braun) Nesom 

Southeastern Stiff 

Goldenrod 

G5T4 S1 

Solidago rigida L.var. rigida 

syn: Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. 

rigidum 

Stiff Goldenrod G5T5 S2 

Solidago rupestris Raf. Riverbank 

G4? S1 

Goldenrod 

Under S. altissima L. in Radford et al. (1968) 

Solidago tortifolia Ell. Twisted-leaf 

Goldenrod 

G4G5 S1 

Solidago uliginosa Nutt. var. uliginosa Bog Goldenrod G4G5T4T5 S2 

All Virginia S. uliginosa is var. uliginosa 

Sparganium emersum Rehmann Narrow-leaf Bur- 

reed 

30 

GNR S1 

Spartina pectinata Link Freshwater 

Cordgrass 

G5 S2 

Spermacoce glabra Michx. Smooth False 

Buttonweed 

G4G5 S1 

Spermolepis divaricata (Walt.) Raf. ex Ser. Rough-fruit Scaleseed 

G5 S1? 

Sphenopholis filiformis (Chapman) Scribn. Long-leaf 

Wedgegrass 

G4? SH 

Spiraea virginiana Britt. Virginia Spiraea G2 S1 LT LE 

Spiranthes eatonii Ames ex P.M. Brown Eaton’s Ladies’tresses 

G2G4 SH 

Spiranthes lucida (H.H. Eat.) Ames Shining Ladies’tresses 

G5 S1 

Spiranthes magnicamporum Sheviak Great Plains 

Ladies’-tresses 

G4 S1 

Spiranthes ochroleuca (Rydb.) Rydb. Yellow Nodding 

Ladies’-tresses 

G4 S2 

Sporobolus compositus (Poir.) Merr. var. 

compositus 

syn: S. asper (Beauv.) Kunth, 

All Virginia S. compositus is var. compositus 

Tall Dropseed G5T5 S1S2 

Sporobolus heterolepis (Gray) Gray Prairie Dropseed G5 S1 

Sporobolus junceus (Beauv.) Kunth Purple Dropseed G5 S1


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Sporobolus neglectus Nash Small Dropseed G5 S2 

Stachys appalachiana D.B. Poindexter & J.B. Appalachian GNR S1 

Nelson 

Hedge-Nettle 

Stachys arenicola Britt. 

Given as S. palustris L. in Harvill et al. (1992) 

Hairy Hedge-nettle G4? S1 

Stachys aspera Michx. 

syn: S. hyssopifolia Michx. var. ambigua Gray 

Rough Hedge-nettle G4? S2 

Stachys eplingii J. Nelson Epling's Hedgenettle 

G5 S1 

Stachys matthewsii G.P. Fleming, J.B. Nelson, & Yadkin Hedge- GNR S1 

J.F. Townsend 

nettle 

Steinchisma hians (Ell.) Nash 

syn: Panicum hians Ell. 

Gaping Panic 

Grass 

G5 S1 

Stellaria alsine Grimm Bog Chickweed G5 S1 

Stenanthium densum (Desr.) Zomlefer & Judd Dense-flowered 

Camas 

G5 S1 

Stenanthium leimanthoides (A. Gray) Zomlefer Pinebarrens Death- G4Q S1 

& Judd 

camas 

Stewartia ovata (Cav.) Weatherby Mountain Camellia G4 S2 

Stillingia sylvatica Garden ex L. ssp. sylvatica Queen’s-delight G5T5 S1 

Stipulicida setacea Michx. var. setacea Pineland Scalypink G4G5T4T5 S1 

Streptopus amplexifolius (L.) DC. White Mandarin G5 S1 

Stylophorum diphyllum (Michx.) Nutt. Celandine Poppy G5 S2 

Sullivantia sullivantii (Torr. & Gray) Britt. Sullivantia G4 S1 

Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake var. albus Common 

Snowberry 

All native Virginia S. albus is var. albus, nonnative 

material is S. albus var. laevigatus 

(Fern.) Blake 

31 

G5T5 S1 

Symphyotrichum elliottii (Torr. & Gray) Nesom 

syn: Aster puniceus L. var. elliottii (Torr. & 

Gray) A.G. Jones 

syn: A. elliottii Torr. & Gray 

Elliott’s Aster G4 S1 

Symphyotrichum praealtum (Poiret) Nesom var. 

angustior (Wiegand) Nesom 

Willow-leaf Aster G5T4 S1 

syn: Aster praealtus Poir. var. angustior Wieg. 

Symphyotrichum pratense (Raf.) Nesom Western Silvery 

Aster 

G4? S1 

syn: Aster pratensis Raf. 

syn: A. sericeus Vent. var. microphyllus DC. 

Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) Nesom Short’s Aster G5 S1 

syn: Aster shortii Lindl. 

Synandra hispidula (Michx.) Baill. Gyandotte Beauty G4 S2 

Taxodium ascendens Brongn. Pondcypress G5 S1 

single tree remaining at only known site 

Tetragonotheca helianthoides L. Squarehead G5 S1


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Thalictrum macrostylum Small & Heller Small-leaved 

Meadow-rue 

G3G4 S1 

Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Spanish-moss G5 S1S2 

Toxicodendron rydbergii (Small ex Rydb.) 

Greene 

Western Poison Ivy G5 S1 

Triantha glutinosa (Michx.) Pers. 

syn: Tofieldia glutinosa (Michx.) Pers. 

Sticky False 

Asphodel 

G5 S1 

Triantha racemosa (Walt.) B.S.P. 

syn: Tofieldia racemosa (Walt.) B.S.P. 

Coastal False 

Asphodel 

G5 SH 

Trichostema setaceum Houtt. Narrow-leaf Blue 

Curls 

G5 S2 

Tridens chapmanii (Small) Chase 

syn: T. flavus (L.) A.S. Hitchc. var. chapmanii 

(Small) Shinners, 

syn: Triodia chapmanii (Small) Bush 

Chapman's 

Purpletop 

G3 SH 

Trifolium calcaricum Collins and Wieboldt Running Glade 

Clover 

G1 S1 LE 

Trifolium reflexum L. Buffalo Clover G3G4 S1 

Trillium cernuum L. Nodding Trillium G5 S2 

Trillium flexipes Raf. Drooping Trillium G5 S1 

Trillium nivale Riddell Snow Trillium G4 S1 

Trillium pusillum Michx. var. virginianum Fern. 

Includes var. moniticulum Bodkin & Reveal 

Virginia Least 

Trillium 

G3T2 S2 

Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. ssp. 

trianthophora 

Three Birds Orchid G3G4T3T4 S1 

Trisetum spicatum (L.) Richter Narrow False Oats G5 S1 

Turritis glabra L. 

syn: Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. 

Tower Mustard G5 S1 

Utricularia juncea Vahl Southern 

Bladderwort 

G5 S2 

Utricularia olivacea C. Wright ex Griseb. Dwarf Bladderwort G4 SH 

Utricularia purpurea Walt. Purple 

Bladderwort 

G5 S2 

Utricularia striata Le Conte ex Torr. 

syn: U. fibrosa Walt. 

Fibrous 

Bladderwort 

G4G5 S1 

Vaccinium crassifolium Andr. Creeping Blueberry G4G5 S1 

Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. Cranberry G4 S2 

Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. Velvetleaf 

Blueberry 

G5 S1S2 

Valeriana pauciflora Michx. Pink Valerian G4 S2 

Valerianella chenopodiifolia (Pursh) A.P. de Goosefoot Corn- G5 SH 

Candolle 

salad 

Vandenboschia boschiana (Sturm) Ebihara & K. Appalachian Filmy G4 S1 

Iwatsuki 

syn: Trichomanes boscianum Sturm 

Fern 

Verbena scabra Vahl Rough Vervain G5 S2 

32


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________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Veronica scutellata L. Marsh Speedwell G5 S1 

Viburnum lentago L. Nannyberry G5 S1 

Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. var. americana 

All Virginia V. americana is var. americana 

American Vetch G5T5 S1S2 

Viola pedatifida G. Don Prairie Violet G5 S1 

Viola walteri House var. walteri Prostrate Blue 

Violet 

G4G5TNR S2 

Vitis rupestris Scheele Sand Grape G3 S1? 

Wisteria frutescens (L.) Poir. American Wisteria G5 S2 

Wolffia columbiana Karst. Columbian G5 S1 

Watermeal 

Xyris caroliniana Walt. Carolina Yelloweyed 

Grass 

G4G5 S1 

Xyris curtissii Malme 

syn: X. difformis Chapman var. curtisii 

(Malme) Kral 

Curtiss' Yelloweyed 

Grass 

G5 S1 

Xyris fimbriata Ell. Fringed Yelloweyed 

Grass 

G5 S1 

Xyris iridifolia Chapman 

syn: Xyris laxifolia Mart. var. iridifolia 

(Chapman) Kral 

Iris-leaf Yelloweyed 

Grass 

G4G5 S1 

Xyris platylepis Chapman Tall Yellow-eyed 

Grass 

G5 S2 

Yucca aloifolia L. Spanish Dagger G5 S1 

Zenobia pulverulenta (Bartr. ex Willd.) Pollard Dusty Zenobia G4? S1 

Zigadenus glaberrimus Michx. Large Death-camas G5 S1 

Zornia bracteata J.F. Gmel. Viperina G5? S1 

33

PART TWO: 

VASCULAR PLANT WATCH LIST

Virginia Vascular Plant Watchlist 

_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Acalypha deamii (Weatherby) Ahles Deam's Copperleaf G4? S3 

Aconitum reclinatum Gray White Monkshood G3 S3 

Adlumia fungosa (Ait.) Greene ex B.S.P. Climbing Fumitory G4 S3 

Agrostis scabra Willd. Rough Bentgrass G5 S3? 

Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. Roundleaf 

Serviceberry 

G5 S3 

Ampelopsis arborea (L.) Koehne Peppervine G5 S3 

Amsonia tabernaemontana Walt. var. 

tabernaemontana 

Eastern Blue-star G5T5 S3 

Andropogon perangustatus Nash 

syn: A. gyrans Ashe var. stenophyllus (Hack.) C. 

Cambell 

Narrow-leaved 

Bluestem 

G4 S3 

Andropogon virginicus L. var. decipiens C. 

Campbell 

Under A. virginicus L. in Radford et al. (1968), 

Under A. virginicus L. var. virginicus in Fernald 

(1950) 

Deceptive Bluestem G5T4 S3 

Anemone quinquefolia L. var. minima (DC.) Dwarf Anemone G5T3 S3 

Frodin 

Anticlea glauca Kunth 

syn: Zigadenus elegans Pursh ssp. glaucus 

(Nutt.) Hulten 

White Death-camas G4G5 S3 

Aristida lanosa Muhl. ex Ell. Woolly Three-awn 

Grass 

G5 S3 

Aristida tuberculosa Nutt. Sea-beach 

Needlegrass 

G5 S3 

Asclepias incarnata L. var. incarnata Swamp Milkweed G5T5 S3 

Asclepias lanceolata Walt. Few-flower 

Milkweed 

G5 S3 

Asimina parviflora (Michx.) Dunal Dwarf Pawpaw G5 S3 

Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell Coastal Water- G5? S3 

hyssop 

Baptisia australis (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. var. australis Blue Wild Indigo G5T3T4 S3 

Bartonia paniculata (Michx.) Muhl. ssp. paniculata Twining Bartonia G5T5 S3 

Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth. Hairy Wood Mint G5? S3 

Bolboschoenus novae-angliae (Britt.) S.G. Sm. New England G5 S3 

Bulrush 

syn: Schoenoplectus novae-angliae (Britt.) M.T. 

Strong 

Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Ell.) Fern. Savanna Hairsedge G3G5 S3? 

Bulbostylis coarctata (Ell.) Fern. 

syn: Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Ell.) Fern. var. 

coarctata (Ell.) Kral 

Elliott's Hairsedge G3G5 S3 

Callitriche palustris L. 

syn: C. verna L. 

Vernal Waterstarwort 

G5 S3 

Cardamine douglassii Britt. Purple Cress G5 S3 

Carex austrodeflexa P.D. McMillan, Sorrie, & van 

Eerden 

Canebrake Sedge GNR S3S4 

37

Vascular Plant Watchlist 

_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Carex bushii Mackenzie Bush’s Sedge G4 S3 

Carex canescens L. var. disjuncta (Fern.) Toivonen Silvery Sedge G5T4? S3 

Carex careyana Torr. ex Dewey Carey’s Sedge G4G5 S3 

Carex collinsii Nutt. Collins’s Sedge G4 S3 

Carex conjuncta Boott Soft Fox Sedge G4G5 S3 

Carex floridana Schwein. 

syn: Carex nigromarginata Schwein. var. 

floridana (Schwein.) Kukenth. 

Florida Sedge G5? S3 

Carex fraseriana Ker-Gawl. 

syn: Cymophyllus fraserianus (Ker-Gawl.) 

Kartesz & Ghandi 

Fraser’s Sedge G4 S3 

Carex leptonervia (Fern.) Fern. Finely-nerved G4 S3 

Carex lucorum Willd. ex Link var. austrolucorum 

J. Rettig 

syn: C. pensylvanica Lam. var. distans Peck 

Sedge 

Appalachian 

Woodland Sedge 

38 

G4T3T5 S3 

Carex meadii Dewey Mead’s Sedge G4G5 S3 

Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd. var. 

pedunculata 

Long-stalk Sedge G5TNR S3 

Carex pellita Muhl. ex Willd. Woolly Sedge G5 S3 

Carex purpurifera Mackenzie Limestone Purple 

Sedge 

G4? S3 

Carex ruthii Mackenzie 

Under C. muricata L. in Harvill et al. (1992) 

and Radford et al. (1968) 

Ruth’s Sedge G3 S3 

Carex shortiana Dewey Short’s Sedge G5 S3 

Carex striata Michx. var. brevis Bailey 

syn: C. walteriana Bailey var. brevis (Bailey) 

Bailey 

All Virginia C. striata is var. brevis 

Walter's Sedge G4G5T4? S3 

Carex suberecta (Olney) Britt. Prairie Straw Sedge G4 S3 

Carex superata Naczi, Reznicek, & B.A. Ford Limestone Forest 

Sedge 

G4? S3 

Carex tetanica Schkuhr Rigid Sedge G4G5 S3 

Carex trisperma Dewey var. trisperma Three-seeded Sedge G5T5 S3 

Carex venusta Dewey Dark Green Sedge G4 S3? 

Castilleja coccinea (L.) Spreng. Eastern Indian 

Paintbrush 

G5 S3 

Cenchrus incertus M.A. Curtis 

syn: C. spinifex Cav. 

Coastal Sandbur GNR S3 

Chamaecrista fasciculata (Michx.) Greene var. 

macrosperma (Fern.) C.F. Reed 

syn: Cassia fasciculata Michx. var. 

macrosperma Fern. 

Marsh Patridge-pea G5T3 S3 

Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B.S.P. Atlantic Whitecedar 

G4 S3


_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Chenopodium simplex (Torr.) Raf. 

Under C. hybridum L. in Fernald (1950), 

syn: C. gigantospermum Aellen 

Maple-leaf 

Goosefoot 

G5 S3 

Chrysogonum virginianum L. var. brevistolon Carolina Green- G5TNR S3 

Nesom 

and-gold 

Cinna latifolia (Trev. ex Goepp.) Griseb. Slender Wood 

Reedgrass 

G5 S3 

Clematis albicoma Wherry White-haired 

Leatherflower 

G4 S3 

Clematis coactilis (Fern.) Keener Virginia Whitehaired 

Leatherflower 

G3 S3 

Clematis crispa L. Marsh Swamp 

Leatherflower 

G5 S3 

Coleataenia longifolia (Torrey) Soreng ssp. combsii 

(Scribn. & C.R. Ball) Soreng 

syn: Panicum longifolium Torrey var. combsii 

(Scribn. & Ball) Fern. 

Combs' Panic Grass G5T5? S3? 

Corallorrhiza wisteriana Conrad Spring Coralroot G5 S3 

Croptilon divaricatum (Nutt.) Raf. 

syn: Haplopappus divaricatus (Nutt.) Gray 

Scratch Daisy G4G5 S3 

Croton monanthogynus Michx. Prairie Tea G5 S3 

Cyperus haspan L. Sheathed Flatsedge G5 S3 

Cyperus refractus Engelm. ex Boeckl. Reflexed Flatsedge G5 S3 

Delphinium exaltatum Ait. Tall Larkspur G3 S3 

Dendrolycopodium dendroideum (Michx.) A. Prickly Tree- G5 S3 

Haines 

syn: Lycopodium dendroideum Michx. 

clubmoss 

Dendrolycopodium hickeyi (W.H. Wagner, Beitel Hickey's Tree- G5 S3? 

& Moran) A. Haines 

syn: Lycopodium hickeyi W.H. Wagner, Beitel, 

& Moran 

clubmoss 

Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. var. 

Western Tansy G5T5 S3? 

brachycarpa (Richards.) Detling 

Mustard 

Desmodium fernaldii Schub. Fernald’s Ticktrefoil 

G4 S3 

Desmodium lineatum DC. Sand Tick-trefoil G5 S3 

Diarrhena americana Beauv. 

Does not include D. obovata (Gleason) 

Brandenburg 

American 

Beakgrain 

G4G5 S3 

Dichanthelium fusiforme (Hitchcock) Harvill 

syn: Panicum fusiforme A.S. Hitchc., Under D. 

aciculare (Desv. ex Poir.) Gould & C.A. Clark 

in Kartesz (1999) 

Spindle-fruited 

Panic Grass 

GNR S3 

Dichanthelium oligosanthes (J.A. Schultes) Gould 

var. oligosanthes 

syn: Panicum oligosanthes J.A. Schultes 

Few-flowered Panic 

Grass 

39 

G5T5? S3


_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Dichanthelium portoricense (Desv. ex Ham.) B.F. 

Hansen & Wunderlin ssp. patulum (Scribn. & 

Merr.) Freckmann & LeLong 

Hemlock Panic 

Grass 

syn: Panicum lancearium Trin. 

Dichanthelium ravenelii (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould Ravenel’s Panic 

Grass 

syn: Pancium ravenelii Scribn. & Merr. 

Dichanthelium scabriusculum (Ell.) Gould & C.A. 

Clark 

Tall Swamp Panic 

Grass 

syn: Panicum scabriusculum Ell. 

syn: Panicum aculeatum A.S. Hitchc. & Chase, 

Dichanthelium wrightianum (Scribn.) Freckmann Wright’s Panic 

Grass 

syn: Panicum wrightianum Scribn. 

Dicliptera brachiata (Pursh) Spreng. Branched 

Dicliptera 

40 

G5T5 S3 

G5 S3 

G4 S3 

G4 S3 

G5 S3 

Diphylleia cymosa Michx. Umbrella-leaf G4 S3 

Drosera brevifolia Pursh 

syn: D. leucantha Shinners 

Dwarf Sundew G5 S3 

Drosera capillaris Poir. Pink Sundew G5 S3 

Drosera intermedia Hayne Water Sundew G5 S3 

Dryopteris campyloptera Clarkson Mountain Wood G5 S3 

Fern 

syn: D. spinulosa (O.F. Muell.) Watt var. 

americana (Fisch.) Fern. 

Echinodorus cordifolius (L.) Griseb. Creeping Burhead G5 S3 

Eleocharis albida Torr. White Spikerush G4G5 S3 

Eleocharis palustris (L.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes Common Spikerush G5 S3? 

Eleocharis rostellata (Torr.) Torr. Beaked Spikerush G5 S3 

Erigenia bulbosa (Michx.) Nutt. Harbinger-of- G5 S3 

spring 

Eriophorum virginicum L. Tawny Cottongrass G5 S3 

Eurybia spectabilis (Ait.) Nesom Showy Aster G5 S3 

syn: Aster spectabilis Ait. var. spectabilis and 

var. suffultus Fern. 

Under A spectabilis Ait. in Radford et al. (1968) 

Fallopia cilinodis (Michx.) Holub Fringed Bindweed G5 S3 

syn: Polygonum cilinode Michx. 

Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. False Mermaid G5 S3 

Fraxinus nigra Marsh. Black Ash G5 S3 

Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. Blue Ash G5 S3 

Galium boreale L. Northern Bedstraw G5 S3 

Galium hispidulum Michx. Coastal Bedstraw G5 S3 

Gentiana austromontana Pringle & Sharp Appalachian 

Gentian 

G3 S3? 

Geranium robertianum L. Herb Robert G5 S3 

Glyceria acutiflora Torr. Sharp-scaled 

Mannagrass 

G5 S3 

Glyceria canadensis (Michx.) Trin. Canada 

Mannagrass 

G5 S3


_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Gymnocarpium appalachianum Pryer & Haufler Appalachian Oak 

Fern 

G3 S3 

Gymnocladus dioicus (L.) K. Koch Kentucky Coffeetree 

G5 S3 

Gymnopogon brevifolius Trin. Short-leaf Beard 

Grass 

G5 S3 

Helianthus hirsutus Raf. Hairy Sunflower G5 S3 

Heuchera hispida Pursh Purple Alumroot G3? S3? 

Heuchera parviflora Bartl. Small-flowered 

Alumroot 

G4 S3 

Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) Barnh. var. spicata Crested Coralroot G5T4T5 S3 

Hexastylis lewisii (Fern.) Blomquist & Oosting Lewis's Heartleaf G3 S3 

Hottonia inflata Ell. Featherfoil G4 S3 

Hydrastis canadensis L. Golden-seal G4 S3 

Hydrolea quadrivalvis Walt. Waterpod G5 S3 

Hypericum drummondii (Grev. & Hook.) Torr. & 

Gray 

Nits-and-lice G5 S3 

Hypericum mitchellianum Rydb. Blue Ridge St. 

John’s-wort 

G3 S3 

Hypericum virgatum Lam. 

syn: H. denticulatum Walt. var. acutifolium 

(Ell.) Blake 

Sharp-leaf St. 

John's-wort 

G4? S3 

Hypoxis curtissii Rose in Small Curtiss' Yellow 

Stargrass 

G4? S3 

Ilex vomitoria Ait. Yaupon G5 S3 

Iresine rhizomatosa Standl. Eastern Bloodleaf G5 S3 

Iris prismatica Pursh ex Ker-Gwal. Slender Blue Iris G4G5 S3 

Iris versicolor L. Larger Blue Flag G5 S3 

Isoetes riparia Engelm. ex A. Braun Shore Quillwort G5? S3 

Juglans cinerea L. Butternut G4 S3? 

Juncus longii Fern. Long’s Rush G3Q S3? 

Justicia ovata (Walt.) Lindau var. ovata Coastal Plain 

Water-willow 

G5T4T5 S3 

Lechea maritima Leggett ex B.S.P. var. virginica Virginia Beach G5T3Q S3 

Hodgon 

Pinweed 

Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray 

syn: L. fusca (L.) Kunth ssp. fascicularis 

(Lam.) N. Snow 

Bearded 

Sprangletop 

G5 S3 

Liatris helleri T.C. Porter Heller's Blazing 

Star 

G3 S3 

Lilium philadelphicum L. Wood Lily G5 S3 

Linum sulcatum Riddell Grooved Yellow 

Flax 

G5 S3 

Listera smallii Wieg. Appalachian 

Twayblade 

G4 S3 

Lithospermum latifolium Michx. American 

Gromwell 

G4 S3 

Lithospermum tuberosum Rugel ex DC. Tuberous Gromwell G4 S3 

41


_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Lonicera canadensis Bartr. ex Marsh. American Flyhoneysuckle 

G5 S3 

Ludwigia glandulosa Walt. Cylindric-fruited 

Primrose-willow 

G5 S3 

Ludwigia leptocarpa (Nutt.) Hara Angle-stem 

Primrose-willow 

G5 S3 

Ludwigia sphaerocarpa Ell. Globe-fruited 

Seedbox 

G5 S3 

Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. American Climbing 

Fern 

G4 S3 

Malaxis spicata Sw. 

syn: M. floridana (Chapman) Kuntze 

Florida Adder’smouth 

G4? S3 

Meehania cordata (Nutt.) Britt. Meehan's Mint G5 S3 

Micranthes caroliniana (A. Gray) Small 

syn: Saxifraga caroliniana Gray 

Carolina Saxifrage G3 S3 

Milium effusum L. var. cisatlanticum Fern. Tall Millet Grass G5TNR S3 

Monotropsis odorata Schwein. ex Ell. Sweet Pinesap G3 S3 

Myriophyllum pinnatum (Walt.) B.S.P. Cut-leaf Watermilfoil 

G5 S3 

Nabalus roanensis Chickering 

syn: Prenanthes roanensis (Chickering) 

Chickering 

Roan Mountain 

Rattlesnake-root 

G3 S3 

Nelumbo lutea Willd. American Lotus G4 S3 

Ophioglossum engelmannii Prantl Engelmann's 

Adder's-tongue 

G5 S3 

Packera paupercula (Michx) Á. & D. Löve var. 

paupercula 

syn: Senecio pauperculus Michx. 

Balsam Ragwort G5TNR S3? 

Panax quinquefolius L. Ginseng G3G4 S3S4 LT 

Paronychia baldwinii (Torr. & Gray) Fenzl ex 

Walp.ssp. riparia (Chapman) Chaudhri 

syn: P. riparia Torr. & Gray, 

All Virginia P. baldwinii is ssp. riparia 

Baldwin’s Nailwort G4T4? S3 

Parthenium integrifolium L. var. mabryanum Mabry's Wild G5T3 S3? 

Mears 

Quinine 

Paspalum boscianum Fluegge Bull Paspalum G5 S3 

Pedicularis lanceolata Michx. Swamp Lousewort G5 S3 

Pellaea glabella Mett. ex Kuhn ssp. glabella 

All Virginia P. glabella is ssp. glabella 

Smooth Cliff-brake G5T5 S3 

Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. Hairy Beard-tongue G4 S3 

Phacelia purshii Buckl. Miami-mist G5 S3 

Philadelphus hirsutus Nutt. Hairy Mock Orange G5 S3 

Phlox nivalis Lodd. ex Sweet Trailing Phlox G4 S3 

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. ssp. American Common G5T4 S3 

americanus Saltonstall, P.M. Peterson, & Soreng Reed 

42


_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Physalis walteri Nutt. 

syn: P. maritima M.A. Curtiss, 

syn: P. viscosa L. ssp. maritima (M.A. Curtiss) 

Waterfall 

Dune Groundcherry 

G4 S3 

Physostegia leptophylla Small 

Given as Dracocephalum purpureum (Walt.) 

McClintock ex Gleason in Radford et al. (1968) 

Slender-leaf False 

Dragonhead 

G4? S3 

Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. flava 

syn: Habenaria flava (L.) R. Br. var. flava 

Southern Rein 

Orchid 

G4?T4?Q S3? 

Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R. Br. Tubercled Rein G4?T4Q S3? 

ex Ait. f.) Luer 

syn: Habenaria flava (L.) R. Br. var. herbiola 

(R. Br.) Ames & Correll 

Orchid 

Pogonia ophioglossoides (L.) Ker-Gawl. Rose Pogonia G5 S3 

Polygala cruciata L. Cross-leaved 

Milkwort 

G5 S3? 

Polygonella articulata (L.) Meisn. Coastal Jointweed G5 S3 

Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. Bushy Knotweed G5 S3 

Ponthieva racemosa (Walt.) C. Mohr Shadow Witch 

Orchid 

G4G5 S3 

Potamogeton perfoliatus L. 

Given as P. perfoliatus L. var. bupleuroides 

(Fern.) Farw. in Radford et al. (1968), and Fernald 

(1950) 

Perfoliate 

Pondweed 

G5 S3 

Prosartes maculata (Buckl.) Gray 

syn: Disporum maculatum (Buckl.) Britt. 

Spotted Mandarin G3G4 S3 

Prunus alleghaniensis Porter var. alleghaniensis 

All Virginia P. alleghaniensis is var. 

alleghaniensis 

Allegheny Plum G4T4 S3 

Quercus laevis Walt. Turkey Oak G5 S3 

Quercus margarettiae Ashe ex Small 

syn: Q. stellata Wangenh. var. margaretta (Ashe 

ex Small) Sarg. 

Sand Post Oak G5 S3 

Quercus virginiana P. Mill. Live Oak G5 S3 

Ranunculus flabellaris Raf. Yellow Water 

Crowfoot 

G5 S3 

Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh var. lanceolata Lance-leaf 

Buckthorn 

G5T4T5 S3 

Rhododendron cumberlandense E.L. Braun Cumberland Azalea G4? S3 

Rhynchospora caduca Ell. Angle-stem 

Beaksedge 

G5 S3 

Rhynchospora macrostachya Torr. ex Gray Horned Beaksedge G4 S3 

Rhynchospora perplexa Britt. Pineland Beaksedge G5 S3 

Rhynchospora rariflora (Michx.) Ell. Few-flowered 

Beaksedge 

G5 S3 

Ribes glandulosum Grauer Skunk Currant G5 S3 

Ruellia humilis Nutt. Low Wild-petunia G5 S3 

43


_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Ruellia purshiana Fern. Pursh's Wildpetunia 

G3 S3 

Sabatia brachiata Ell. Narrow-leaf Rosepink 

G5? S3 

Sabatia calycina (Lam.) Heller Coastal Rose-pink G5? S3 

Sabatia dodecandra (L.) B.S.P. Large Marsh-pink G5? S3 

Scirpus divaricatus Ell. Spreading Bulrush G5 S3 

Scirpus hattorianus Makino Northern Bulrush G5 S3 

Scirpus lineatus Michx. 

syn: S. fontinalis Harper 

Does not include S. pendulus Muhl. 

Drooping Bulrush G4 S3 

Scutellaria saxatilis Riddell Rock Skullcap G3 S3 

Sesuvium maritimum (Walt.) B.S.P. Small Sea-purslane G5 S3 

Sideroxylon lycioides L. 

syn: Bumelia lycioides (L.) Pers. 

Buckthorn Bumelia G5 S3 

Sisyrinchium fuscatum Bickn. 

syn: S. arenicola Bickn. 

Coastal Plain Blueeyed-grass 

G5? S3 

Solidago faucibus Wieboldt Gorge Goldenrod G2G4 S3 

Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd. Hairy Goldenrod G5 S3 

Solidago tarda Mackenzie 

Under S. arguta in Radford et al. (1968) 

Under S. arguta var. arguta in Kartesz (1999) 

syn: S. ludoviciana (Gray) Small 

Sandhill Goldenrod G4?Q S3? 

Sparganium eurycarpum Engelm. ex Gray Giant Bur-reed G5 S3 

Spinulum annotinum (L. ) A. Haines 

syn: Lycopodium annotinum L. 

Stiff Clubmoss G5 S3? 

Spiranthes odorata (Nutt.) Lindl. 

syn: S. cernua (L.) L.C. Rich var. odorata 

(Nutt.) Correll 

Fragrant Ladies’tresses 

G5 S3 

Stachys hyssopifolia Michx. 

syn: Stachys hyssopifolia Michx. var. 

hyssopifolia 

Hyssop-leaf Hedgenettle 

G4G5 S3 

Stachys latidens Small ex Britt. Broad-tooth Hedgenettle 

G4G5 S3 

Stellaria corei Shinners 

syn: Stellaria pubera Michx. var. sylvatica 

(Beguinot) Weath. 

Tennessee Starwort G4 S3 

Stewartia malacodendron L. Silky Camellia G4 S3 

Styrax americanus Lam. var. americanus American Snowbell G5TNR S3 

Styrax grandifolius Ait. Bigleaf Snowbell G5 S3 

Suaeda linearis (Ell.) Moq. Tall Sea-blite G5 S3 

Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom var. 

ericoides 

syn: Aster ericoides L. 

White Heath Aster G5T5 S3 

Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom Arrow-leaved Aster G4G5 S3 

Taenidia montana (Mackenzie) Cronq. Mountain 

Pimpernel 

G3 S3 

44


_________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Taxus canadensis Marshall Canada Yew G5 S3 

Thermopsis mollis (Michx.) M.A. Curtis ex Gray Appalachian 

Golden-banner 

G3G4 S3 

Tradescantia subaspera Ker-Gawl. Zigzag Spiderwort G5 S3 

Tragia urticifolia Michx. Nettle-leaf 

Noseburn 

G5 S3 

Trifolium virginicum Small ex Small & Vail 

Only piedmont occurrences are tracked. 

Kates Mountain 

Clover 

G3 S3 

Triglochin striata Ruiz & Pavon Southern 

Arrowgrass 

G5 S3 

Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. var. aurantiacum Orange-fruited 

Horse-gentian 

G5T5 S3 

Tsuga caroliniana Engelmann Carolina Hemlock G3 S3 

Typha domingensis Pers. Southern Cattail G4G5 S3? 

Uniola paniculata L. Sea Oats G5 S3 

Utricularia geminiscapa Benj. Two-flowered 

Bladderwort 

G4G5 S3 

Utricularia macrorhiza Le Conte 

syn: U. vulgaris L. 

Common 

Bladderwort 

G5 S3 

Utricularia radiata Small 

syn: U. inflata Walt. var. minor Chapman 

Floating 

Bladderwort 

G4 S3 

Verbesina virginica L. var. virginica 

All Virginia V. virginica is var. virginica 

White Crownbeard G5?T5? S3 

Viola brittoniana Pollard Coast Violet G4G5 S3? 

Viola esculenta Ell. 

syn: Viola ×esculenta Ell. (pro sp.) 

Under V. septemloba Le Conte in Radford et al. 

(1968) 

Salad Violet G4G5 S3 

Viola macloskeyi F. Lloyd var. pallens (Banks ex Smooth White G5T5 S3 

A.P. de Candolle) C.L. Hitchcock 

Violet 

Viola septentrionalis Greene Northern Blue 

Violet 

G5 S3 

Wolffiella gladiata (Hegelm.) Hegelm. 

syn: W. floridana (J.D. Sm.) J.D. Sm. Ex 

Hegelm. 

Sword Bogmat G5 S3 

Zanthoxylum americanum P. Mill. 

syn: Xanthoxylum americanum P. Mill. 

Toothache Tree G5 S3 

Zanthoxylum clava-herculis L. 

syn: Xanthoxylum clava-herculis L. 

Hercules'-club G5 S3 

45

PART THREE: 

REVIEW LIST 

(Taxa of Uncertain Status)

Review List (Taxa of Uncertain Status) 

___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Agalinis fasciculata (Ell.) Raf. Tall False Foxglove G5 SU 

syn: Gerardia fasciculata (Ell.) Raf. 

Agrostis altissima (Walt.) Tuckerman Coastal Bog 

Bentgrass 

Under A. perennans (Walt.) Tuckerman in 

Radford et al. (1968) and Kartesz (1999) 

Allium burdickii (Hanes) A.G. Jones Narrow-leaved 

ramps 

Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. var. aequalis Short-awn Foxtail 

Grass 

Ampelopsis cordata Michx. Heart-leaf 

Peppervine 

49 

G4 SNR 

G4G5 SU 

G5T5? SNA 

G5 SNR 

Andropogon glaucopsis Ell. 

syn: A. virginicus L. var. glaucopsis (Ell.) A.S. 

Hitchc. 

syn: A. glomeratus (Walt.) Britt. var. 

glaucopsis (Ell.) A.S. Hitchc., 

Under A. virginicus L. in Radford et al. (1968) 

Chalky Bluestem G3G5 SNR 

Andropogon tenuispatheus (Nash) Nash 

syn: A. glomeratus (Walt.) Britt. var. pumilus 

Vasey ex Dewey 

Under A. virginicus L. in Radford et al. (1968) 

Maritime Bushy 

Bluestem 

G5 SU 

Antennaria howellii Greene ssp. petaloidea 

(Fern.) Bayer 

Small Pussytoes G5T4T5 SU 

syn: A. petaloidea (Fern.) Fern. 

Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott ssp. stewardsonii 

(Britt.) Huttleston 

syn: A. stewardsonii Britt. 

Under A. triphyllum (L.) Schott in Radford et 

al. (1968) 

Bog Jack-in-thepulpit 

G5T4 SU 

Asarum canadense L. var. acuminatum Ashe Wild ginger G5T? SU 

Asplenium trichomanes L. ssp. quadrivalens D.E. Limestone 

G5T5? SU 

Meyer emend. Lovis 

maidenhair 

Boechera burkii (Porter) Windham & Al- Burk's Smooth G3G5 SU 

Shehbaz 

Rock Cress 

Calystegia silvatica (Kit.) Griseb. ssp. 

fraterniflora 

(Mackenzie & Bush) Brummitt 

syn: Convolvulus sepium L. var. fraterniflorus 

Mackenzie & Bush 

Large Bindweed G5T5 SU 

Calystegia soldanella (L.) R. Br. ex Roemer & 

J.A. Schultes 

Seaside Bindweed G5 SNA 

Carex cherokeensis Schweinitz Cherokee Sedge G4G5 SNA 

Carex mesochorea Mackenzie Midland Sedge G4G5 SNR 

Carex molesta Mackenzie ex Bright Troublesome Sedge G4 SNR


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Carex muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. var. 

enervis Boott 

Under C. muhlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willd. 

in Radford et al. (1968) 

Carex tribuloides Wahlenberg var. 

sangamonensis Clokey 

Chaerophyllum procumbens (L.) Crantz var. 

shortii Torr. & Gray 

Coleataenia anceps (Michx.) Soreng ssp. 

rhizomata (A.S. Hitchc. & Chase) Soreng 

Small-fruited 

Muehlenberg's 

Sedge 

Midwestern Blunt 

Broom Sedge 

Short's Spreading 

Chervil 

Small Beaked Panic 

Grass 

syn: Panicum anceps Michx. var. rhizomatum 

(A.S. Hitchc. & Chase) Fern. 

Crataegus disperma Ashe Two-seed 

Hawthorn 

50 

G5T5 SNR 

G5T4T5 SNR 

G5T3T4Q SNR 

G5TNR SU 

G4G5 SU 

Crataegus iracunda Beadle 

Included in C. flabellata (Bosc.) K. Koch. In 

Radford et al. (1968) 

Forest Hawthorn G5 SU 

Crataegus vailiae Britt. Vail's Hawthorn G4?Q SU 

Crepidomanes intricatum (Farrar) Ebihara & 

Weakley 

syn: Trichomanes intricatum Farrar 

Grotto-felt G4G5 SU 

Cypripedium parviflorum Salisb. var. 

Small Yellow G5T3T5 SNR 

parviflorum 

Lady's-slipper 

Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. 

epetiolatum Schub. 

Narrow-leaf Ticktrefoil 

G5T1Q SNR 

Dichanthelium cryptanthum (Ashe) LeBlond Hidden-flowered 

Panic Grass 

GNR SNR 

Dichanthelium spretum (J.A. Schultes) 

Eaton’s Panic G5 SNR 

Freckmann 

syn: Panicum spretum J.A. Schultes 

Grass 

Digitaria villosa (Walt.) Pers. 

syn: D. filiformis (L.) Koeler var. villosa 

(Walt.) Fern. 

Shaggy Crabgrass G5 SU 

Eleocharis elliptica Kunth Elliptic Spikerush G5 SU 

Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. 

var. pectinacea 

Tufted Lovegrass G5T5 SNR 

Eupatorium cordigerum (Fern.) Fern. 

syn: Eupatorium rotundifolium L. var. 

cordigerum Fern. 

Clasping Roundleaf 

Thoroughwort 

G5TNR SU 

Eupatorium vaseyi Porter 

syn: Eupatorium sessilifolium L. var. vaseyi 

(Porter) Fern. & Grisc. 

syn: E. album L. var. monardifolia Fern. 

Vasey’s 

Thoroughwort 

G3G5 SU 

Euphorbia pubentissima Michx. False Flowering 

Spurge 

G5 SU 

Euphorbia spathulata Lam. 

Included with E. obtusata Pursh in Harvill et 

al. (1992). 

Woodland Spurge G5 SU


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Euthamia hirtipes (Fern.) Sieren 

syn: E. graminifolia (L.) Nutt. var. hirtipes 

(Fern.) C.&J. Taylor 

Marsh Flat-top 

Goldenrod 

G5TNR SNR 

Galium orizabense Hemsl. ssp. laevicaule 

(Weatherby & Blake) Dempster 

syn: G. pilosum Ait. var. laevicaule Weatherby 

& Blake 

Bald Bedstraw G5?T4? SU 

Glandularia canadensis (L.) Nutt. 

syn: Verbena canadensis (L.) Britt. 

Rose Vervain G5 SNA 

Gratiola virginiana L. var. aestuariorum Pennell Roundfruit hedgehyssop 

G5T2T4 SU 

Isolepis carinata Hooker & Arnott ex Torr. 

syn: Isolepis koilolepis Steud. 

syn: Scirpus koilolepis (Steud.) Gleason 

Keeled Bulrush G5 SNA 

Juncus validus Coville var. validus 

syn: J. crassifolius Buch. 

Round-headed 

Rush 

G5T3T5 SNA 

Lathyrus pusillus Ell. Tiny Pea G5? SNA 

Lemna minuta Kunth Pale duckweed G4 SU 

Leptochloa panicea (Retz) Ohwi ssp. 

brachiata(Steudel) N. Snow 

Red Sprangletop GNRTNR SNA 

Leptochloa panicoides (J. Presl) A.S. Hitchc. 

syn: Diplachne panicoides (J. Presl) McNeill 

Amazon 

Sprangletop 

G5 SNA 

Liatris squarrulosa Michx. 

Under L. aspera Michx. in Harvill et al. 

(1992), 

syn: L. earlei (Greene) K. Schum. 

Appalachian 

Blazing Star 

G4G5 SU 

Ludwigia polycarpa Short & Peter A seedbox G4 SU 

Lycopus angustifolius Ell. Narrow-leaf 

Bugleweed 

G4?Q SU 

Malaxis bayardii Fern. 

Under M. unifolia Michx. in Radford et al. 

(1968) 

Appalachian 

Adder’s-mouth 

G1G2 SU 

Melampyrum lineare Desr. var. pectinatum Pine Barren Cow- G5T5 SU 

(Pennell) Fern. 

wheat 

Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. 

syn: Arenaria patula Michx. 

Pitcher’s Stitchwort G4 S3 

Nothoscordum bivalve (L.) Britt. 

syn: Allium bivalve (L.) Kuntze 

Crow-poison G4 SNA 

Oenothera linifolia Nutt. Threadleaf 

Sundrops 

G5 SNA 

Orobanche riparia L.T. Collins River Broomrape GNR SU 

Panicum gattingeri Nash Gattinger’s Panic 

Grass 

G4 SNR 

Physalis angulata L. var. angulata 

All Virginia P. angulata is var. angulata 

Cut-leaf Groundcherry 

G5TNR SNA 

51


___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

Planodes virginicum (L.) E.L. Greene 

syn: Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins 

Virginia Winged 

Rock Cress 

G5 SNR 

Plantago heterophylla Nutt. Slender Plantain G5 SNA 

Pycnanthemum beadlei (Small) Fern. Beadle’s Mountainmint 

G2G4 SU 

Pycnanthemum loomisii Nutt. 

Under P. incanum (L.) Michx. in Radford et 

al. (1968) 

syn: Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx. var. 

loomisii (Nutt.) Fern. 

Loomis’ Mountainmint 

G4? SU 

Rosa blanda Aiton Smooth Rose G5 SU 

Rhynchospora cephalantha Gray var. 

Common Bunched G5T4T5 SNA 

cephalantha 

Beaksedge 

Rudbeckia laciniata L. var. humilis Gray 

Under R. laciniata L. in Radford et al. (1968) 

Southeastern 

Cutleaf Coneflower 

G5T3? SU 

Sagittaria platyphylla (Engelm.) J.G. Sm. Delta Arrowhead G5 SU 

Salix lucida Muhl. Shining Willow G5 SNA 

Silphium asteriscus L. var. latifolium (Gray) Broad-leaved rosin- G4?T4? SNR 

Clevinger 

weed 

Sisyrinchium capillare Bickn. 

Under S. albidum Raf. in Radford et al. (1968) 

Wiry Blue-eyedgrass 

GNR SU 

Solidago canadensis L. var. canadensis Canada Goldenrod G5T5 SU 

Solidago flaccidifolia Small 

Under S. caesia in Radford et al. (1968) 

Mountain 

Goldenrod 

G5 SNR 

Solidago lancifolia Torr. & Gray 

Under S. curtissii Torr. & Gray in Kartesz 

(1999) Radford et al. (1968) 

Lance-leaf 

Goldenrod 

G3G4Q SU 

Solidago riddellii Frank ex Riddell Riddell Goldenrod G5 SNA 

Spiranthes lacera (Raf.) Raf. var. lacera A ladies'-tresses G5T5 SU 

Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) Nesom 

var. ontarionis 

Bottomland Aster G5TNR SU 

Symphyotrichum x schistosum (Steele) Nesom 

syn: Aster schistosus Steele 

syn: A. x schistosus (Steele) Nesom in Kartesz 

(1999) 

Millboro aster GNA SNA 

Tridens strictus (Nutt.) Nash 

syn: Triodia stricta (Nutt.) Benth. ex Vasey 

Long-spike Tridens G5 SNA 

Trillium luteum (Muhl.) Harbison Yellow Trillium G4 SE? 

Viola incognita Brainerd 

syn.: Viola blanda Willd. var. palustriformis 

Gray 

Large-leaved White 

Violet 

G4G5T4T5 SNR 

Vittaria appalachiana Farrar & Mickel Appalachian 

Shoestring Fern 

G4 SU 

52

PART FOUR: 

RARE NON-VASCULAR PLANT LIST

Rare Non-Vascular Plant List 

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

LICHENS 

Arctoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Hale 

Arctic/Boreal species disjunct in higher 

Appalachians of VA and WVA 

Concentric ring 

lichen 

G3G5 S1 

Buellia stellulata (Taylor) Mudd 

Disjunct from western U.S. 

Button lichen GNR S1 

Calvitmela talayana (Haugen & Timdal) Andreev A lichen GNR S1 

Cetradonia linearis (Evans) J.-C. Wei & Ahti 

syn: Gymnoderma lineare (A.Evans) Yoshim. & 

Sharp 

Rock-gnome lichen G2 S1 LE 

Cetrelia monachorum (Zahlbr.) Culb. & C. Culb. Sea-storm lichen G2G4 SU 

Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd. 


Appalachians of VA, NC, GA 

A Cladonia G5 S1? 

Heterodermia appalachensis (Kurok.) Culb. 

syn: Anaptychia appalachiensis Korok. 

Appalachian fringe 

lichen 

G2? S1 

Hypotrachyna oostingii (J.P. Dey) Hale Oosting's loop 

lichen 

G2? SU 

Hypotrachyna virginica (Hale) Hale 

syn: Parmelia virginica Hale 

A loop lichen G1G2 S1 

Melanelia culbersonii (Hale) Thell Appalachian 

camouflage lichen 

G2G4 S3 

Melanelia stygia (L.) Essl. Alpine camouflage 

lichen 

G4G5 S3 

Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach. 


Appalachians of VA, WVA, NC, TN 

Smoky crottle G2G4 S2? 

Peltigera hydrothyria Miadikowska & Lutzoni 

syn: Hydrothyria venosa J.L. Russell 

Waterfan G4 S1 

Porpidia lowiana Gowan 

Arctic/Boreal species disjunct from northern NY 

A boulder lichen G2G3 S1 

Porpidia tuberculosa (Sm.) Hertel & Knoph 


Appalachians of VA, NC 

A boulder lichen G2G4 S1 

Punctelia graminicola (B. de Lesd.) Egan Speckled shield 

lichen 

G? S1 

Stereocaulon glaucescens Tuck. Bony foam lichen G3 S2? 

Teloschistes flavicans (Sw.) Norman Powdered orange 

bush lichen 

G4G5 SH 

LIVERWORTS 

Lejeunea ruthii (Evans) Schust. A liverwort G3G4 SU 

Nardia lescurii (Aust.) Underw. A liverwort G3? SU 

Radula tenax Lindb. A liverwort G3G4 SU 

55

Rare Non-Vascular Plant List 

____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 



__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 

MOSSES 

Astomum phascoides (Hook. ex Drumm.) Grout A moss G3G4 SU 

Campylopus carolinae Grout A moss G2 S1 

Orthotrichum keeverae Crum & Anders. Keever's bristlemoss 

G2 S1 

Plagiothecium latebricola BSG Lurking leskea G3G4 SU 

Sphagnum angustifolium (C. Jens. ex Russ.) C. Narrowleaf G5 S1S2 

Jens. 

peatmoss 

Sphagnum capillifolium (Ehrh.) Hedw. Pom - pom 

peatmoss 

G5 S1S2 

Sphagnum carolinianum Andrus Carolina peatmoss G3 S2 

Sphagnum cyclophyllum Sull. & Lesq. ex Sull. Circular-leaved 

peatmoss 

G3 S1S2 

Sphagnum fimbriatum Wils. ex Wils. & J.D. Hook. A peatmoss G5 S1 

Sphagnum flavicomans (Card.) Warnst. A peatmoss G3 SU 

Sphagnum flexuosum Dozy & Molk. Flexuose peatmoss G5 S1S2 

Sphagnum fuscum (Schimp.) Klinggr. Brown peatmoss G5 S1 

Sphagnum girgensohniiRuss. Girgensohn's 

peatmoss 

G5 S1S2 

Sphagnum inundatum Russ. Inundated peatmoss G4 S1S2 

Sphagnum macrophyllum Bernh. ex Brid. var. 

macrophyllum 

Large-leaf peatmoss G3T3? S2 

Sphagnum molle Sull. Soft peatmoss G4 S2 

Sphagnum portoricense Hampe Puerto Rico 

peatmoss 

G5 S1S2 

Sphagnum quinquefarium(Lindb. ex Braithw.) Five-rowed G5 S2S3 

Warnst. 

peatmoss 

Sphagnum rubellum Wils. Red peatmoss G5 S2 

Sphagnum russowii Warnst. Russow's peatmoss G5 S1S2 

Sphagnum strictum Sull. Straight peatmoss G5 S2 

Sphagnum subsecundumNees ex Sturm Subsecund 

peatmoss 

G5 S1 

Sphagnum subtile (Russ.) Warnst. Delicate peatmoss G5?Q S1S2 

Sphagnum torreyanum Sull. Torrey's peatmoss G3G4 S2 

Sphagnum trinitense C.M. Trinidad peatmoss G4 S2S3 

56

APPENDIX 1: CHANGES TO THE 2009 LISTS 

Below is a summary of the changes to the plant lists since the 2009 

edition: 

Taxonomic changes made on the rare vascular 

plant list 

Old Scientific Name New Scientific Name Old Rank New Rank 

Agalinis paupercula (Gray) Britt. Agalinis paupercula (Gray) 

Britt. var. paupercula 

S1? S1 

Arabis glabra (L.) Bernh. Turritis glabra L. S1 S1 

Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. adpressipilis (M. Hopkins) Arabis pycnocarpa M. Hopkins S1S2 S1S2 

Rollins 

var. adpressipilis M. Hopkins 

Arabis serotina Steele Boechera serotina (Steele) 

Windham & Al-Shehbaz 

S2 S2 

Arabis shortii (Fern.) Gleason Boechera dentata (Raf.) Al- 

Shehbaz & Zarruchi 

S2 S2 

Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) Rohrb. ssp. lanuginosa Arenaria lanuginosa (Michx.) 

Rohrb. var. lanuginosa 

SH SH 

Arnoglossum muhlenbergii (Schultz-Bip.) H.E. Robinson Arnoglossum reniforme 

(Hooker) H.E. Robins. 

S2 S2 

Asclepias tuberosa L. ssp. rolfsii (Britt. ex Vail) Woods. Asclepias tuberosa L. var. 

rolfsii (Britt. ex Vail) Woods. 

S1 S1 

Betula uber (Ashe) Fern Betula lenta L. var. uber Ashe G1Q/S1 G5T1Q/S1 

Botrychium jenmanii Underwood Sceptridium jenmanii 

Underwood (Lyon) 

S1 SH 

Botrychium multifidum (Gmel.) Trev. Sceptridium multifidum (S.G. 

Gmelin) M. Nishida 

S1 S1 

Botrychium oneidense (Gilbert) House Sceptridium oneidense (Gilbert) 

Holub 

S2 S2 

Botrychium simplex E. Hitchc. var. simplex Botrychium simplex E. Hitchc. 

var. simplex 

G5 G5T4 

Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. var. tuberosus Calopogon tuberosus (L.) 

B.S.P. 

S2 S2 

Calycanthus floridus L. var. floridus Calycanthus floridus L. S2 S2 

Calycanthus floridus L. var. glaucus (Willd.) Torr. & Gray Calycanthus floridus L. S2 S2 

Cerastium arvense L. ssp. velutinum (Raf.) Ugborogho. Cerastium velutinum Raf. var. 

velutinum 

S2? S2? 

Chamaesyce bombensis (Jacquin) Dugand Euphorbia bombensis Jacquin S2 S2 

Cheilanthes eatonii Baker Cheilanthes castanea Maxon S2 S2 

Cimicifuga rubifolia Kearney Actaea rubifolia (Kearney) 

Kartesz 

S2 S2 

Cleistes bifaria (Fern.) Catling & Gregg Cleistesopsis bifaria (Fern.) 

Pansarin & F. Barros 

S2 S2 

Cleistes divaricata (L.) Ames Cleistesopsis divaricata (L.) 

Pansarin & F. Barros 

S1 S1 

Cornus amomum P. Miller ssp. obliqua (Raf.) J.S. Wilson Cornus obliqua (Raf.) J.S. 

Wilson 

G5T5/S2 G5/S1 

Crataegus mollis Scheele Crataegus mollis Scheele var. 

mollis 

S1 S1 

Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link Crataegus succulenta Schrad. 

ex Link var. succulenta 

S1 S1 

Cyperus engelmannii Steud. Cyperus odoratus L. var. 

engelmannii (Steud.) R. Carter 

S1 S1 

Dalibarda repens L. 

57 

Rubus dalibarda L. S1 S1


plant list, continued 

Old Scientific Name New Scientific Name 

Eleocharis compressa Sullivant 

Old Rank New Rank 

Eleocharis compressa Sullivant 

var. compressa S2 S2 

Elymus canadensis L. Elymus canadensis L. var. 

canadensis 

S2? S2? 

Eriocaulon decangulare L. Eriocaulon decangulare L. var. 

decangulare 

G5/S2 G5T5?/S2 

Eupatorium glaucescens Ell. Eupatorium linearifolium 

Walter 

SH SH 

Eupatorium incarnatum Walter Fleischmannia incarnata 

(Walt.) King & H.E. Robins. 

S2 S2 

Eupatorium maculatum L. var. maculatum Eutrochium maculatum (L.) 

E.E. Lamont var. maculatum 

S2 S1 

Fragaria vesca L. ssp. americana (Porter) Staudt Fragaria vesca L. var. 

americana (Porter) Staudt 

S2? S2? 

Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) Small ssp. occidentalis (Gray) J. Gentianella quinquefolia (L.) S1? S1? 

Gillett 

Small var. occidentalis A. Gray 

Geum laciniatum Murr. var. laciniatum Geum laciniatum Murr. S2 S2 

Geum laciniatum Murr. var. trichocarpum Geum laciniatum Murr. S2 S2 

Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. var. ophioides Fern. Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. ex 

Ait. f. 

S2? S2? 

Hasteola suaveolens (L.) Pojark. Senecio suaveolens (L.) Elliott S2 S2 

Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg Houstonia nigricans (Lam.) 

Fernald var. nigricans 

S1 S1 

Helianthus occidentalis Riddell Helianthus occidentalis Riddell 

ssp. occidentalis 

S1 S1 

Heliotropium curassavicum L. Heliotropium curassavicum L. 

var. curassivicum 

S1 S1 

Hemicarpha micrantha (Vahl) Pax Lipocarpha micrantha (Vahl) 

G. Tucker 

S1 S2 

Hierochloe odorata (L.) Beauv. ssp. odorata Anthoxanthum hirtum (Shrank) 

Y. Schouten & Veldkamp 

S1 S1 

Hordeum jubatum L. Hordeum jubatum L. ssp. 

jubatum 

S1 S1 

Huperzia appalachiana Beitel & Mickel Huperzia appressa (Desvaux) 

A. Löve & D. Löve 

S2 S2 

Lotus helleri Britton Acmispon helleri (Britt.) A.A. 

Heller 

S1 S1 

Lythrum alatum Pursh var. alatum Lythrum alatum Pursh S2 S2 

Malvastrum hispidum (Pursh) Hochreutiner Malvastrum angustum A. Gray S1 S1 

Marshallia sp. 1 Marshallia legrandii Weakley S1 S1 

Mimosa quadrivalvis L. var. angustata (Torr. & Gray) 

Barneby 

Mimosa microphylla Dryander G5T5/S2 G5/S2 

Muhlenbergia glabrifloris Scribn. Muhlenbergia glabriflora 

Scribn. 

SH SH 

Myrica cerifera L. var. pumila Michaux Morella pumila (Michx.) Small G5TNR/S1 G5/S1 

Neobeckia aquatica (Eaton) Greene Rorippa aquatica (Eat.) E.J. 

Palmer & Steyermark 

SH SH 

Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) var. glabratum (E.L. Braun) Solidago rigida L. var. glabrata S1 S1 

Nesom 

E.L. Braun 

Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. rigidum Solidago rigida L.var. rigida S2 S2 

Onosmodium virginianum (L.) DC. Lithospermum virginianum L. S2 S2 

Osmanthus americanus (L.) Benth. & Hook f. ex Gray var. Osmanthus americanus (L.) S1 S1 

americanus 

58 

Benth. & Hook f. ex Gray




Osmunda cinnamomea L. var. glandulosa Waters Osmundastrum cinnamomeum 

(L.) C. Presl var. glandulosum 

(Waters) McAvoy 

S1 S1 

Oxypolis denticulata (Baldwin) J.R. Edmondson Oxypolis ternata (Nutt.) A. 

Heller 

SH SH 

Paronychia virginica Spreng. Paronychia virginica Spreng. 

var. virginica 

S1 S1 

Phemeranthus sp. 1 Phemeranthus piedmontanus S. 

Ware 

S1 S1 

Phlox pilosa L. var. pilosa Phlox pilosa L. S2 S1 

Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. ssp. dodecandra Polanisia dodecandra (L.) DC. 

var. dodecandra 

S2 S2 

Potentilla arguta Pursh Drymocallis arguta (Pursh) 

Rydberg 

S1 S1 

Polygonella polygama (Vent.) Engelm. & Gray Polygonella polygama (Vent.) 

Engelm. & Gray 

G4/S1 G4T?/S1 

Prenanthes autumnalis Walt. Nabalus autumnalis (Walt.) 

Weakley 

S2 S2 

Prunus pumila L. var. susquehanae (Hort. ex Willd.) Jaeger Prunus susquehanae Hort. ex 

Willd. 

S1 S1 

Ptilimnium nodosum (Rose) Mathias Harperella vivipara Rose S1 S1 

Pyxidanthera barbulata Michx. Pyxidanthera barbulata Michx. 

var. barbulata 

S1 S1 

Ranunculus aquatilis L. var. diffusus Withering Ranunculus longirostris Godr. S1 S1 

Rudbeckia triloba L. var. pinnatiloba Rudbeckia triloba L. var. 

beadlei (Small) Fern. 

S1 S1 

Sagittaria calycina Engelm. var. calycina Sagittaria calycina Engelm. S1 S1 

Sagittaria calycina Engelm. var. spongiosa Engelm. Sagittaria spatulata (J.G. 

Smith) Buchenau 

S1 S1 

Salix exigua Nutt. Salix exigua Nutt. var. sericans 

(Nees) Nesom 

S1 S1 

Sarracenia purpurea L. var. purpurea Sarracenia purpurea L. S2? S1 

Sarracenia purpurea L. var. venosa (Raf.) Fern. Sarracenia purpurea L. S2 S1 

Saxifraga careyana Gray Micranthes careyana (A. Gray) 

Small 

S2? S1 

Schoenoplectus fluviatilis (Torr.) M.T. Strong Bolboschoenus fluviatilis 

(Torr.) J. Sojak 

S2 S2 

Sibbaldiopsis tridentata (Ait.) Rydb. Sibbaldia tridentata (Ait.) 

Paule & Soják 

S2 S2 

Sida elliottii Torr. & Gray Sida elliottii Torr. & Gray var. 

elliottii 

S1 S1 

Sparganium chlorocarpum Rydb. Sparganium emersum Rehmann S1 S1 

Stachys sp. 1 Stachys matthewsii G.P. 

Fleming, J.B. Nelson, & J.F. 

Townsend 

S1 S1 

Thelypteris simulata (Davenport) Nieuwland Parathelypteris simulata 

(Davenport) Holttum 

S1S2 S1S2 

Triadenum fraseri (Spach) Gleason Hypericum fraseri Spach S1 S2 

Triadenum tubulosum (Walt.) Gleason Hypericum tubulosum Walt. S1 S2 

Trichomanes boscianum Sturm Vandenboscia boschiana 

(Sturm) Ebihara & K. Iwatsuki 

S1 S1 

Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) 

Rydb. ssp. trianthophora 

S1 S1 

Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. ssp. americana Vicia americana Muhl. ex 

Willd. var. americana 

S1S2 S1S2 

59




Viola walteri House Viola walteri House var. walteri S2 S2 

Xyris difformis Chapman var. curtisii (Malme) Kral Xyris curtissii Malme S1 S1 

Xyris laxifolia Mart. var. iridifolia (Chapman) Kral Xyris iridifolia Chapman S1 S1 

Zigadenus densus (Desr.) Fern. Stenanthium densum (Desr.) S1 S1 

60 

Zomlefer & Judd 

Zigadenus leimanthoides Gray Stenanthium leimanthoides (A. 

Gray) Zomlefer & Judd 

Taxonomic changes made on the vascular plant 

watchlist 

S1 S1 


Agrostis scabra Willd. var. scabra Agrostis scabra Willd. S3? S3? 

Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) DC. var. sanguinea Amelanchier sanguinea (Pursh) 

DC. G5T5/S3 G5/S3 

Asclepias incarnata L. ssp. incarnata Asclepias incarnata L. var. 

incarnata S3 S3 

Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Ell.) Fern. var. ciliatifolia Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Ell.) 

Fern. S3? S3? 

Carex canescens L. ssp. disjuncta (Fern.) Toivonen Carex canescens L. var. 

disjuncta Fern. S3 S3 

Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd. Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex 

Willd. var. pedunculata S3 S3 

Carex sp. 4 Carex austrodeflexa P.D. 

McMillan, Sorrie, & van 

Eerden S3S4 S3S4 

Carex venusta Dewey var. minor Boeckl. Carex venusta Dewey S3? S3? 

Carex venusta Dewey var. venusta Carex venusta Dewey S3? S3? 

Cenchrus spinifex Cav. Cenchrus incertus M.A. Curtis S3 S3 

Cymophyllus fraserianus (Ker-Gawl.) Kartesz & Ghandi Carex fraseriana Ker-Gawl. S3 S3 

Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt. var. pinnata Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) 

Britt. var. brachycarpa 

Dichanthelium portoricense (Desv. ex Ham.) B.F. Hansen & 

Wunderlin var. patulum (Scribn. & Merr.) Gould & C.A. 

Clark 

(Richards.) Detling S3? S3? 

Dichanthelium portoricense 

(Desv. ex Ham.) B.F. Hansen 

& Wunderlin ssp. patulum 

(Scribn. & Merr.) Freckmann 

& LeLong S3 S3 

Heuchera parviflora Bartl. var. parviflora Heuchera parviflora Bartl. S3 S3 

Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) Barnh. Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) 

Barnh. var. spicata S3 S3 

Leptochloa fusca (L.) Kunth ssp. fascicularis (Lam.) N. Snow Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) 

Gray S3 S3 

Lilium philadelphicum L. var. philadelphicum Lilium philadelphicum L. S3 S3 

Linum sulcatum Riddell var. sulcatum Linum sulcatum Riddell S3 S3 

Milium effusum L. Milium effusum L. var. 

cisatlanticum Fern. S3 S3 

Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. var. patula Minuartia patula (Michx.) 

Mattf. S3 S2 

Packera paupercula (Michx) Á. & D. Löve Packera paupercula (Michx) 

Á. & D. Löve var. paupercula S3? S3?

Taxonomic changes made on the vascular plant 

watchlist, continued 


Panicum rigidulum Bosc. ex Nees var combsii (Scribn. & 

Ball) LeLong 

61 

Coleataenia longifolia (Torrey) 

Soreng ssp. combsii (Scribn. & 

C.R. Ball) Soreng S3? S3? 

Phlox nivalis Lodd. ex Sweet var. hentzii (Nutt.) Wherry Phlox nivalis Lodd. ex Sweet S3 S3 

Polygala cruciata L. var. aquilonia Fern. & Schub. Polygala cruciata L. S3? S3? 

Polygala cruciata L. var. cruciata Polygala cruciata L. S3? S3? 

Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. var. prolificum Small Polygonum ramosissimum 

Michx. S3 S3 

Prenanthes roanensis (Chickering) Chickering Nabalus roanensis Chickering S3 S3 

Saxifraga caroliniana Gray Micranthes caroliniana (A. 

Gray) Small S3 S3 

Schoenoplectus novae-angliae (Britt.) M.T. Strong Bolboschoenus novae-angliae 

(Britt.) S.G. Sm. S3 S3 

Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd. var. hispida Solidago hispida Muhl. ex 

Willd. S3 S3 

Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) 

Nesom var. ericoides S3 S3 

Tradescantia subaspera Ker-Gawl. var. montana (Shuttlew. ex Tradescantia subaspera 

Britt.) E.S. Anderson & Woods 

Ker-Gawl. S3 S3 

Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. 

var. aurantiacum S3 S3 

Viola brittoniana Pollard var. brittoniana Viola brittoniana Pollard S3? S3? 

Zigadenus elegans Pursh ssp. glaucus (Nutt.) Hulten Anticlea glauca Kunth S3 S3 

Taxonomic changes made on the review list 


Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Ell.) Fern. var. coarctata (Ell.) Kral Bulbostylis coarctata (Ell.) 

Fern. SU SU 

Dichanthelium sp. (= Panicum cryptanthum Ashe) Dichanthelium cryptanthum 

(Ashe) LeBlond SNR SNR 

Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) 

Nees ex Steud. var. pectinacea SNR SNR 

Eupatorium rotundifolium L. var. cordigerum Fern. Eupatorium cordigerum 

(Fern.) Fern. SU SU 

Eupatorium sessilifolium L. var. vaseyi (Porter) Fern. & Grisc. Eupatorium vaseyi Porter SU SU 

Euthamia graminifolia (L.) Nutt. var. hirtipes (Fern.) C.&J. Euthamia hirtipes (Fern.) 

Taylor 

Sieren SNR SNR 

Juncus validus Coville Juncus validus Coville var. 

validus G5 G5T3T5 

Leptochloa panicea (Retz) Ohwi ssp. mucronata (Michx.) Leptochloa panicea (Retz) 

Nowack 

Ohwi ssp. brachiata(Steudel) 

N. Snow SNA SNA 

Panicum anceps Michx. var. rhizomatum (A.S. Hitchc. & Coleataenia anceps (Michx.) 

Chase) Fern. 

Soreng ssp. rhizomata (A.S. 

Hitchc. & Chase) Soreng SU SU 

Rosa blanda Aiton var. blanda Rosa blanda Aiton SU SU 

Sibara virginica (L.) Rollins Planodes virginicum (L.) E.L. 

Greene SNR SNR 

Silphium trifoliatum L. var. latifolium Gray Silphium asteriscus L. var. 

latifolium (Gray) Clevinger SNR SNR 

Trichomanes intricatum Farrar Crepidomanes intricatum 

(Farrar) Ebihara & Weakley SU SU

Taxonomic changes made on the review list, 

continued 


Viola blanda Willd. var. palustriformis Gray Viola incognita Brainerd SNR SNR 

Taxa which have been removed from the review list and placed on the rare vascular plant list 

Scientific Name Old Rank New Rank 

Allium allegheniense Small SU S1 

Monarda fistulosa L. var. brevis Fosberg & Artz SU SH 

Oenothera riparia Nuttall SU S1S2 

Potamogeton bicupulatus Fern. SNR S1 

Isoetes mattaponica L.J. Musselman & W.C. Taylor SNR S2 

Additions to the rare vascular plant list which have not previously appeared on any 

other list 


Allium oxyphilum Wherry N/A S1 

Atriplex glabriuscula Edmondston N/A SH 

Coreopsis delphiniifolia Lam. N/A S1 

Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link var. neofluvialis (Ashe) Palmer N/A SH 

Dryopteris clintoniana (D.C. Eaton) Dowell N/A SH 

Epilobium ciliatum Raf. ssp. ciliatum N/A S2 

Hypericum densiflorum Pursh var. interior (Small) Sorrie & Weakley N/A S1 

Leucospora multifida (Michx.) Nutt. N/A S1 

Poa languida Hitchcock N/A S2 

Rhynchospora distans (Michx.) Chapm. N/A S1 

Rosa virginiana P. Mill. N/A SH 

Sagittaria brevirostra Mackenzie & Bush N/A SH 

Stellaria alsine Grimm N/A S1 

Valerianella chenopodiifolia (Pursh) A.P. de Candolle N/A SH 

Yucca aloifolia L. N/A S1 

Additions to the review list which have not previously appeared on any other list 


Boechera burkii (Porter) Windham & Al-Shehbaz N/A G5T3T5 

Orobanche riparia L.T. Collins N/A SU 

Leptochloa panicea (Retz) Ohwi ssp. brachiata (Steudel) N. Snow N/A GNR 

Taxa whose ranks have changed but are still found on the rare vascular 

plant list 


Acmispon helleri (Britt.) A.A. Heller Acmispon helleri (Britt.) A.A. 

Heller G5T3 G3 

62




Agalinis paupercula (Gray) Britt. Agalinis paupercula (Gray) Britt. 

var. paupercula S1 S1? 

Anemone canadensis L. Anemone canadensis L. S1 SH 

Arethusa bulbosa L. Arethusa bulbosa L. S1 SH 

Astragalus distortus Torr. & Gray var. distortus Astragalus distortus Torr. & Gray 

var. distortus S1? SH 

Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) Wettst. Bacopa rotundifolia (Michx.) 

Wettst. S1 SH 

Betula cordifolia Regel Betula cordifolia Regel G5T5 G5 

Botrychium lanceolatum (Gmel.) Angstr. var. 

angustisegmentum Pease & Moore 

63 

Botrychium lanceolatum (Gmel.) 

Angstr. var. angustisegmentum 

Pease & Moore S1 SH 

Buckleya distichophylla (Nutt.) Torr. Buckleya distichophylla (Nutt.) 

Torr. G2 G3 

Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. var. tuberosus Calopogon tuberosus (L.) B.S.P. G5T5 G5 

Calycanthus floridus L. var. floridus Calycanthus floridus L. S2? S2 

Calycanthus floridus L. var. glaucus (Willd.) Torr. & Gray Calycanthus floridus L. S1? S2 

Cardamine flagellifera O.E. Schulz Cardamine flagellifera O.E. 

Schulz SH S1 

Carex aquatilis Wahlenb Carex aquatilis Wahlenb var. 

substricta Kükenth. G5 G5TNR 

Carex arctata Boott ex Hook. Carex arctata Boott ex Hook. G5? G5 

Carex cristatella Britt. Carex cristatella Britt. S2 S1? 

Carex crus-corvi Shuttlw. ex Kunze Carex crus-corvi Shuttlw. ex 

Kunze S1S2 S2S3 

Carex decomposita Muhl. Carex decomposita Muhl. G3 G3G4 

Carex juniperorum Catling, Reznicek, & Crins Carex juniperorum Catling, 

Reznicek, & Crins G2 G3 

Carex prairea Dewey ex Wood Carex prairea Dewey ex Wood G5? G5 

Carex silicea Olney Carex silicea Olney S1 SH 

Clematis addisonii Britt. Clematis addisonii Britt. G2/S2 G1?/S1? 

Clematis viticaulis Steele Clematis viticaulis Steele S2 S1 

Crataegus mollis Scheele Crataegus mollis Scheele var. 

mollis G5 G5TNR 

Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex Link Crataegus succulenta Schrad. ex 

Link var. succulenta G5 G5TNR 

Crotalaria purshii DC. Crotalaria purshii DC. S2 SH 

Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. Cuscuta cephalanthi Engelm. S1? SH 

Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & Hook. ex Torr. Cyperus acuminatus Torr. & 

Hook. ex Torr. SH S1 

Cyperus odoratus L. var. engelmannii (Steud.) R. Carter Cyperus odoratus L. var. 

engelmannii (Steud.) R. Carter G4Q G5T4Q 

Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) LeBlond Dichanthelium annulum (Ashe) 

LeBlond G5TNRQ G3G4 

Elymus canadensis L. Elymus canadensis L. var. 

canadensis G5 G5TNR 

Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) Vahl var. puberula Fimbristylis puberula (Michx.) 

Vahl var. puberula G5T5? G5T5 

Gaylussacia brachycera (Michx.) Gray Gaylussacia brachycera (Michx.) 

Gray S2 S1 

Geum laciniatum Murr. var. laciniatum Geum laciniatum Murr. G5T5/S1 G5/S2




Geum laciniatum Murr. var. trichocarpum Fern. Geum laciniatum Murr. G5T3T5/S2? G5/S2 

Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. ex Ait. f. var. ophioides Fern. Goodyera repens (L.) R. Br. ex 

Ait. f. G5T?Q G5 

Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg Houstonia nigricans (Lam.) 

Fernald var. nigricans G5 G5TNR 

Helianthus occidentalis Riddell Helianthus occidentalis Riddell 

ssp. occidentalis G5 G5T5 

Heliotropium curassavicum L. Heliotropium curassavicum L. 

var. curassivicum G5 G5T5 

Hierochloa odorata (L.) Beauv. ssp. odorata Anthoxanthum hirtum (Shrank) Y. 

Schouten & Veldkamp G5T5 G5 

Hordeum jubatum L. Hordeum jubatum L. ssp. jubatum G5 G5T5 

Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. ex Lam. Hydrocotyle bonariensis Comm. 

ex Lam. S1? S2 

Juncus caesariensis Coville Juncus caesariensis Coville G2 G2G3 

Juncus pelocarpus E. Mey. Juncus pelocarpus E. Mey. S1 S2 

Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) Morong Lachnocaulon anceps (Walt.) 

Morong S2? S1S2 

Lotus helleri Britton Acmispon helleri (Britt.) A.A. 

Heller G5T3T5 G5T3 

Lythrum alatum Pursh var. alatum Lythrum alatum Pursh G5T5 G5 

Lythrum lanceolatum Ell. Lythrum lanceolatum Ell. G5T5 G5 

Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link Maianthemum stellatum (L.) Link S2? S2 

Micranthemum umbrosum (J.F. Gmel.) Blake Micranthemum umbrosum (J.F. 

Gmel.) Blake 

Muhlenbergia expansa (Poir.) 

S1 S2 

Muhlenbergia expansa (Poir.) Trin. 

Trin. G5T5 G5 

Myrica cerifera L. var. pumila Michx. Morella pumila (Michx.) Small G5T? G5TNR 

Myriophyllum laxum Shuttlw. ex Chapm. Myriophyllum laxum Shuttlw. ex 

Chapm. S1 SH 

Nuphar sagittifolia (Walt.) Pursh Nuphar sagittifolia (Walt.) Pursh G5T2 G2 

Osmanthus americanus (L.) Benth. & Hook f. ex Gray var. Osmanthus americanus (L.) 

americanus 

Benth. & Hook f. ex Gray G5T5 G5 

Packera millefolium (Torr. & Gray) Weber & Löve Packera millefolium (Torr. & 

Gray) Weber & Löve S2 S1 

Paronychia virginica Spreng. Paronychia virginica Spreng. var. 

virginica G4 G4TNR 

Penstemon australis Small Penstemon australis Small S2 S2? 

Penstemon calycosus Small Penstemon calycosus Small S1 SH 

Phlox pilosa L. var. pilosa Phlox pilosa L. G5T5 G5 

Plantago maritima L. var. juncoides (Lam.) Gray Plantago maritima L. var. 

juncoides (Lam.) Gray S1 SH 

Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) Lindl. Platanthera leucophaea (Nutt.) 

Lindl. G3 G2G3 

Platanthera shriveri P.M. Brown Platanthera shriveri P.M. Brown GNR G1 

Polygonum glaucum Nutt. Polygonum glaucum Nutt. S1S2 S2 

Prunus maritima Marshall Prunus maritima Marshall S1 S1? 

Prunus nigra Ait. Prunus nigra Ait. S1 S1? 

Prunus susquehanae Hort. ex Willd. Prunus susquehanae Hort. ex 

Willd. G5T4 G4 

Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) Bickn. Puccinellia fasciculata (Torr.) 

Bickn. S1 SH 

64




Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana (L.) Holub Pseudolycopodiella caroliniana 

(L.) Holub G5T4 G4 

Pycnanthemum clinopodioides Torr. & Gray Pycnanthemum clinopodioides 

Torr. & Gray G2 G1G2 

Pyxidanthera barbulata Michx. Pyxidanthera barbulata Michx. 

var. barbulata G4 G4TNR 

Ranunculus aquatalis L. var. diffusus Withering Ranunculus longirostris Godr. G5TNR/S1 G5/SH 

Rhynchospora cephalantha Gray var. attenuata Gale Rhynchospora cephalantha Gray 

var. attenuata Gale G5TNR G5T3? 

Rhynchospora distans (Michx.) Chapm. Rhynchospora distans (Michx.) 

Chapm. G5T4? G4? 

Rhynchospora fascicularis (Michx.) Vahl Rhynchospora fascicularis 

(Michx.) Vahl G5/S2 G3G5/S1 

Rhynchospora nitens (Vahl) Gray Rhynchospora nitens (Vahl) Gray S1 SH 

Sagittaria calycina Engelm. var. calycina Sagittaria calycina Engelm. 

Sagittaria spatulata (J.G. Smith) 

G5T5? G5 

Sagittaria spatulata (J.G. Smith) Buchenau 

Buchenau G5T4 G4 

Salix exigua Nutt. Salix exigua Nutt. var. sericans 

(Nees) Nesom G5 G5TNR 

Sarracenia purpurea L. var. purpurea Sarracenia purpurea L. G5T3T5/S2? G5/S1 

Sarracenia purpurea L. var. venosa (Raf.) Fern. Sarracenia purpurea L. G5TNR/S2 G5/S1 

Saxifraga careyana Gray Micranthes careyana (A. Gray) 

Small S2? S1 

Scirpus flaccidifolius (Fern.) Schuyler Scirpus flaccidifolius (Fern.) 

Schuyler S1 S2 

Sida elliottii Torr. & Gray Sida elliottii Torr. & Gray var. 

elliottii G4G5 G4G5TNR 

Silene nivea (Nutt.) Muhl. ex Otth Silene nivea (Nutt.) Muhl. ex Otth S1 SH 

Solidago racemosa Greene Solidago racemosa Greene G5T3? G3? 

Solidago randii (Porter) Britt. Solidago randii (Porter) Britt. G5T4 G4 

Spiranthes ochroleuca (Rydb.) Rydb. Spiranthes ochroleuca (Rydb.) 

Rydb. S1 S2 

Stachys arenicola Britt. Stachys arenicola Britt. G5T4? G4? 

Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake var. albus Symphoricarpos albus (L.) Blake 

var. albus S2 S1 

Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) Nesom Symphyotrichum shortii (Lindl.) 

Nesom G4G5 G5 

Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. Tillandsia usneoides (L.) L. S2 S1S2 

Triantha glutinosa (Michx.) Pers. Triantha glutinosa (Michx.) Pers. G4G5 G5 

Triantha racemosa (Walt.) B.S.P. Triantha racemosa (Walt.) B.S.P. S1 SH 

Triadenum fraseri (Spach) Gleason Hypericum fraseri Spach S1 S2 

Tridens chapmanii (Small) Chase Tridens chapmanii (Small) Chase G5T3 G3 

Trifolium reflexum L. Trifolium reflexum L. G5 G3G4 

Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) 

Rydb. ssp. trianthophora G3G4 G3G4T3T4 

Viburnum lentago L. Viburnum lentago L. SH S1 

Viola walteri House Viola walteri House var. walteri G4G5 G4G5TNR 

Xyris curtissii Malme Xyris curtissii Malme G5T5 G5 

Xyris iridifolia Chapman Xyris iridifolia Chapman G4G5T4T5 G4G5 

65

Taxa whose ranks have changed but are still found on the vascular plant 

watchlist 


Agrostis scabra Willd. var. scabra Agrostis scabra Willd. G5T5 G5 

Andropogon perangustatus Nash Andropogon perangustatus Nash G5T4 G4 

Anticlea glauca Kunth Anticlea glauca Kunth G5T4T5 G4G5 

Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Ell.) Fern. Bulbostylis ciliatifolia (Ell.) 

Fern. G5T3T5 G3G5 

Bulbostylis coarctata (Ell.) Fern. Bulbostylis coarctata (Ell.) Fern. G5T3T5 G3G5 

Carex lucorum Willd. Ex Link var. austrolucorum J. Rettig Carex lucorum Willd. Ex Link 

var. austrolucorum J. Rettig G4T3T5 G4T3T4 

Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex Willd. Carex pedunculata Muhl. ex 

Willd. var. pedunculata G5 G5TNR 

Carex sp. 4 Carex austrodeflexa P.D. 

McMillan, Sorrie, & van Eerden G? GNR 

Carex venusta Dewey var. minor Boeckl. Carex venusta Dewey G4T4 G4 

Carex venusta Dewey var. venusta Carex venusta Dewey G4T4? G4 

Crotalaria rotundifolia Walt. ex J.F. Gmel. var. vulgaris Crotalaria rotundifolia Walt. ex 

Windler 

J.F. Gmel. var. vulgaris Windler G5 G5T? 

Dichanthelium fusiforme (Hitchcock) Harvill Dichanthelium fusiforme 

(Hitchcock) Harvill G5? GNR 

Heuchera hispida Pursh Heuchera hispida Pursh G5T3? G3? 

Heuchera parviflora Bartl. var. parviflora Heuchera parviflora Bartl. G4T4 G4 

Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) Barnh. Hexalectris spicata (Walt.) 

Barnh. var. spicata 

Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) 

G5 G5T4T5 

Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray 

Gray G5T5 G5 

Liatris helleri T.C. Porter Liatris helleri T.C. Porter G3 GNR 

Lilium philadelphicum L. var. philadelphicum Lilium philadelphicum L. G5T4T5 G5 

Linum sulcatum Riddell Linum sulcatum Riddell G5T5 G5 

Lithospermum latifolium Michx. Lithospermum latifolium Michx. G5 G4 

Milium effusum L. Milium effusum L. var. 

cisatlanticum Fern. G5 G5TNR 

Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. var. patula Minuartia patula (Michx.) 

Mattf. G4T? G4 

Packera paupercula (Michx) Á. & D. Löve Packera paupercula (Michx) Á. 

& D. Löve var. paupercula G5 G5TNR 

Phlox nivalis Lodd. ex Sweet var. hentzii (Nutt.) Wherry Phlox nivalis Lodd. ex Sweet G4T4 G4 

Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. flava Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. 

flava G4T4?Q G4?T4?Q 

Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. herbiola (R. Br. Ex Ait. F.) Platanthera flava (L.) Lindl. var. 

Luer 

herbiola (R. Br. Ex Ait. F.) Luer G4T4Q G4?T4Q 

Polygala cruciata L. var. aquilonia Fern. & Schub. Polygala cruciata L. G5T4 G5 

Polygala cruciata L. var. cruciata Polygala cruciata L. 

Polygonum ramosissimum 

G5T4T5 G5 

Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. var. prolificum Small Michx. 

Solidago hispida Muhl. ex 

G5T4T5 G5 

Solidago hispida Muhl. ex Willd. var. hispida 

Willd. 

Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) 

G5T5 G5 

Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom 

Nesom var. ericoides G5 G5T5 

Tradescantia subaspera Ker-Gawl. var. montana (Shuttlew. Tradescantia subaspera 

Ex Britt.) E.S. Anderson & Woods 

Ker-Gawl. G5T3T5Q G5 

Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. Triosteum aurantiacum Bickn. 

var. aurantiacum G5 G5T5 

Viola brittoniana Pollard var. brittoniana Viola brittoniana Pollard G4G5T4T5 G4G5 

66

Taxa whose ranks have changed but are still found on the review list 


Andropogon glaucopsis Ell. Andropogon glaucopsis Ell. G5T3T5 G3G5 

Andropogon tenuispatheus (Nash) Nash Andropogon tenuispatheus 

(Nash) Nash G5T5 G5 

Boechera burkii (Porter) Windham & Al-Shehbaz Boechera burkii (Porter) 

Windham & Al-Shehbaz G5T3T5 G3G5 

Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees ex Steud. Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) 

Nees ex Steud. var. pectinacea G5 G5T5 

Eupatorium vaseyi Porter Eupatorium vaseyi Porter 

Juncus validus Coville var. 

G5T3T5 G3G5 

Juncus validus Coville 

validus G5 G5T3T5 

Leptochloa panicea (Retz) Ohwi ssp. brachiata(Steudel) N. Leptochloa panicea (Retz) Ohwi 

Snow 

ssp. brachiata(Steudel) N. Snow GNR GNRTNR 

Rosa blanda Aiton var. blanda Rosa blanda Aiton 

Symphyotrichum ontarionis 

G5T5 G5 

Symphyotrichum ontarionis (Wiegand) Nesom var. 

(Wiegand) Nesom var. 

ontarionis 

ontarionis G5 G5TNR 

Taxa which have been removed from the rare vascular plant list and are no longer considered a 

conservation target of any sort 


Agalinis paupercula (Gray) Britt. var. paupercula S1 SNA 

Carex oklahomensis Mackenzie S1 SNA? 

Carex tenera Dewey S1? SNA 

Clematis glaucophylla Small SH SNA 

Crataegus spathulata Michx. SH SNA 

Juncus abortivus Chapman S1 SNA 

Ludwigia repens J.R. Forst. S1 SNA 

Myriophyllum tenellum Bigelow S1 SNA 

Polygala brevifolia Nutt. SH SNA 

Pycnanthemum monotrichum Fern. SH SNA 

Pycnanthemum montanum Michx. S2 SNA 

Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. S1? SNA 

Scutellaria arguta Bucjl. SH SNA 

Scutellaria parvula Michx. var. parvula S1 SNA 

Smilax smallii Morong SH SNA 

Verbena riparia Raf. ex Small & Heller SH SNA 

Taxa which have been removed from the vascular plant watch list and are no longer considered a 

conservation target of any sort 


Brachyelytrum aristosum (Michx.) Trelease in Branner & Coville S3 S4 

Crataegus pruinosa (Wendl. f.) K. Koch S3 SNA 

Liatris aspera Michx. var. intermedia (Lunell) Gaiser S3 SNA 

Oenothera nutans Atkinson & Bartlett S3 SNA 

Rhynchospora cephalantha Gray var. pleiocephala Fern. & Gale S3 SNA 

Viola palmata L. var. dilatata Ell. S4? SNA 

Sanicula trifoliata Bickn. S3 S4 

67

Taxa which have been removed from the review list and are no longer considered a conservation 

target of any sort 


Agalinis virgata Raf. SNR SNA 

Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. var. pubescens (Rydb.) Fern. SU SNA 

Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf. var. austromontana Pennell SU SNA 

Aureolaria pedicularia (L.) Raf. var. pediculalria SU SNA 

Carex debilis Michx. var. intercursa Fern. SU SNA 

Carex debilis Michx. var. interjecta Bailey SU SNA 

Ceanothus americanus L. var. intermedius (Pursh) Torr. & Gray SNR SNA 

Chenopodium desiccatum A. Nels. SU SNA 

Cicuta mexicana Coult. & Rose SNR SNA 

Coreopsis pubescens Ell. var. pubescens SNR SNA 

Coreopsis pubescens Ell. var. robusta Gray & Eames SNR SNA 

Crataegus margarettiae Ashe SNR SNA 

Desmodium ciliare (Muhl. ex Willd.) DC. var. lancifolium Fern. & Schub. SNR SNA 

Dichanthelium leucothrix (Nash) Freckmann SNA SNA 

Dodecatheon meadia L. var. brachycarpum (Small) Fassett SU SNA 

Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) J.A. Schultes var. verrucosa (Svens.) Svens. SNR SNA 

Erigeron strigosus Muhl. Ex Willd. var. beyrichii (Fisch. & C.A. Mey.) Torr. & Gray ex Gray SU SNA 

Galium tinctorium (L.) Scop. var. floridanum Wieg. SU SNA 

Gaylussacia dumosa (Andr.) Torr. & Gray var. bigeloviana Fern. SNR SNA 

Genriana linearis Froel. SNA SNA 

Glaux maritima L. SU SNA 

Habenaria repens Nutt. SNA SNA 

Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet var. scabra (Dunal) Fern. SU SNA 

Humulus lupulus L. var. pubescens E. Small SNA SNA 

Lechea maritima Leggett ex B.S.P. var. maritima SNA SNA 

Leptochloa panicea (Retz) Ohwi ssp. mucronata (Michx.) Nowack SNA SNA 

Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. gracilenta Gaiser SU SNA 

Liatris squarrosa (L.) Michx. var. hirsuta (Rydb.) Gaiser SU SNA 

Linum floridanum (Planch.) Trel. SU SNA 

Lobelia glandulosa Walt. SU SNA 

Myriophyllum sibiricum Komarov SNR SNA 

Oenothera oakesiana (Gray) J.W. Robbins ex S. Wats. & Coult. SNR SNA 

Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. SU SNA 

Oxalis priceae Small ssp. colorea (Small) Eiten SNR SNA 

Parthenocissus vitacea (Knerr) A.S. Hitchc. SU SNA 

Platanthera integrilabia (Correll) Luer SU SNA 

Proserpinaca intermedia Mackenzie SU SNA 

Ribes missouriense Nutt. SNA SNA 

Robinia hispida L. var. kelseyi (Cowell ex Hutchinson) Isely SU SNA 

Robinia viscosa Vent. SU SNA 

Rubus alumnus Bailey SU SNA 

Rubus baileyanus Britt. SU SNA 

Rubus fecundus Bailey SU SNA 

Rubus frondosus Bigelow SU SNA 

Rubus recurvicaulis Blanch SU SNA 

Rubus setosus Bigelow SU SNA 

Sanicula canadensis L. var. grandis Fern. SU SNA 

Scutellaria ovata Hill ssp. pseudoarguta Epling SU SNA 

Sisyrinchium montanum Greene var. crebrum Fern. SU SNA 

Solidago canadensis L. var. gilvocanescens Rydb. SU SNA 

68

Taxa which have been removed from the review list and are no longer considered a conservation 

target of any sort, continued 


Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl. var. monogyna (M.A. Curtis) Fern. SU SNA 

Stellaria prostrata Baldw. SU SNA 

Stylodon carneus (Medik.) Moldenke SNA SNA 

Tephrosia hispidula (Michx.) Pers. SNA SNA 

Thermopsis villosa (Walt.) Fern. & Schub. SNA SNA 

Uvularia puberula Michx. var. nitida (Britton) Fern. SNR SNA 

Verbena rigida (L.) Sprengel SNR SNA 

Taxa which have been removed from the rare vascular plant list and placed on the vascular plant 

watch list 


Rhynchospora macrostachya Torr. ex Gray var. 

Rhynchospora macrostachya 

macrostachya 

Torr. ex Gray S2 S3 

Physalis walteri Nutt. Physalis walteri Nutt. S2 S3 

Taxa for which the legal status has been updated 

Scientific Name Old Legal New Legal 

Panax quinquefolius L. LE LT 

Taxa which have been removed from the vascular plant watch list and 

placed on the rare vascular plant list 


Boltonia asteroides (L.) L’Her var. glastifolia (Hill) Fern. Boltonia asteroides (L.) 

L’Her var. glastifolia (Hill) 

Fern. 

Minuartia patula (Michx.) 

G4T4T5/S3 G4T4T5/S2 

Minuartia patula (Michx.) Mattf. var. patula 

Mattf. G4T?/S3 G4/S2 

Taxa which have been removed from the review list and placed on the 

vascular plant watch list 


Andropogon virginicus L. var. decipiens C. Campbell SU S3 

Bulbostylis coarctata (Ell.) Fern. SU S3 

New additions to the review list 


Chenopodium foggii H.A. Wahl N/A SU 

69

New additions to the watch list 


Chrysogonum virginianum L. var. brevistolon Nesom N/A S3 

Clematis albicoma Wherry N/A S3 

Hypoxis curtissii Rose in Small N/A S3 

Solidago faucibus Wieboldt N/A S3 

Symphyotrichum urophyllum (Lindl.) G.L. Nesom N/A S3 

Viola macloskeyi F. Lloyd var. pallens (Banks ex A.P. de Candolle) C.L. Hitchcock N/A S3 

Rank changes on the rare non-vascular plant list 


Hydrothyria venosa J.L. Russell Peltigera hydrothyria 

Miadikowska & Lutzoni 

G3G5 G4 

70

APPENDIX 2. RARE SPECIES SIGHTING FORM 

An important component of the natural heritage inventory and protection process involves gathering information from state experts, professionals, and avocational 

naturalists throughout the state. To facilitate this, the Division of Natural Heritage has developed a rare species sighting form. If you would like to participate in our 

inventory and protection activities, please take a few moments to complete the attached form for any taxon from our lists. This data will be incorporated into the 

natural heritage data base and used exclusively for the protection of the rare taxon and its habitat. Please send the form to staff botanist John Townsend at: Department 

of Conservation and Recreation, Division of Natural Heritage, 217 Governor Street, 3 rd Floor, Richmond, VA 23219. 

Thank you for your support. The Division of Natural Heritage can only realize the protection of the Commonwealth's natural diversity by working through a network 

of knowledgeable and concerned individuals. 

TAXON NAME: DATE SEEN: 

CITY/COUNTY: COLLECTION INFORMATION: (Include your personal collection 

number, if any, and the Herbarium where the specimen has been/will be 

deposited) 

LOCATION: (Please provide as detailed a description as possible. Please include a topographic map showing the location or sketch a map of the location.) 

HABITAT DESCRIPTION: (Include associated species, natural features, vegetation, and other applicable habitat information). 

POPULATION DATA: (Include number of individuals, age, size, spatial distribution, evidence of reproduction and other applicable population data.) 

THREATS OR EVIDENCE OF DISTURBANCE TO SITE: 

LAND OWNER(S): 

REPORTED BY: (Please include name, address, telephone number, and email address if available.) 

DATE OF THIS REPORT: 

71

rare plants - Virginia Department of Conservation and Recreation

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