Georgia List of Exotic and Invasive Plants List Description

<strong>List</strong> <strong>Description</strong><br />

<strong>Georgia</strong> <strong>List</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Exotic</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Invasive</strong> <strong>Plants</strong><br />

The invasive plant list is separated into 4 categories, with one subcategory (see category<br />

definitions below). Species were ranked by EPPC members with input from other<br />

pr<strong>of</strong>essionals <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> managers. Detailed distribution information does not exist for many<br />

<strong>of</strong> these species, making it difficult to use demonstrable distribution data as a criterion for<br />

ranking a species. Efforts are underway to collect this distribution data <strong>and</strong> future revisions<br />

<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Georgia</strong> EPPC <strong>Invasive</strong> Species <strong>List</strong> will incorporate the data.<br />

Category 1 - <strong>Exotic</strong> plant that is a serious problem in <strong>Georgia</strong> natural areas by extensively<br />

invading native plant communities <strong>and</strong> displacing native species.<br />

Scientific Name Common Name<br />

Ailanthus altissima (P. Mill.) Swingle tree-<strong>of</strong>-heaven<br />

Albizia julibrissin Durazz. mimosa<br />

Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb. alligatorweed<br />

Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms waterhyacinth<br />

Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. autumn-olive<br />

Hedera helix L. English ivy<br />

Hydrilla verticillata (L. f.) Royle hydrilla<br />

Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. shrubby lespedeza<br />

Lespedeza cuneata (Dum.-Cours.) G. Don sericea lespedeza<br />

Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet<br />

Lonicera japonica Thunb. Japanese honeysuckle<br />

Lygodium japonicum (Thunb. ex Murr.) Sw. Japanese climbing fern<br />

Melia azedarach L. chinaberry<br />

Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus Japanese stiltgrass<br />

Murdannia keisak (Hassk.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Maz. marsh dayflower<br />

Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Sieb. & Zucc. ex Steud. princesstree<br />

Pueraria montana var. lobata (Willd.) Maesen & S. Almeida kudzu<br />

Rosa multiflora Thunb. ex Murr. multiflora rose<br />

Triadica sebifera (L.) Small Chinese tallowtree<br />

Wisteria sinensis (Sims) DC. Chinese wisteria

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Category 1 Alert - <strong>Exotic</strong> plant that is a not yet a serious problem in <strong>Georgia</strong> natural<br />

areas, but that has significant potential to become a serious problem.<br />

Scientific Name Common Name<br />

Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai Japanese chaff flower<br />

Alliaria petiolata (Bieb.) Cavara & Gr<strong>and</strong>e garlic mustard<br />

Arthraxon hispidus (Thunb.) Makino small carpetgrass, joint-head grass<br />

Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb. oriental bittersweet<br />

Fallopia japonica Sieb. & Zucc. Japanese knotweed<br />

Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv. cogongrass<br />

Paederia foetida L. skunk-vine<br />

Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell giant salvinia<br />

Category 2 - <strong>Exotic</strong> plant that is a moderate problem in <strong>Georgia</strong> natural areas through<br />

invading native plant communities <strong>and</strong> displacing native species, but to a lesser degree than<br />

category 1 species.<br />

Scientific Name Common Name<br />

Ardisia crenata Sims coral ardisia<br />

Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl camphortree<br />

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers bermudagrass<br />

Dioscorea polystachya Turcz. Chinese yam<br />

Egeria densa Planch. Brazilian egeria<br />

Elaeagnus pungens Thunb. thorny olive<br />

Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. oxeye daisy<br />

Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Japanese privet<br />

Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder Amur honeysuckle<br />

Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. Chinese silvergrass<br />

Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. parrotfeather<br />

N<strong>and</strong>ina domestica Thunb. sacred bamboo<br />

Nasturtium <strong>of</strong>ficinale Ait. f. watercress<br />

Paspalum notatum Flueggé bahiagrass<br />

Phyllostachys aurea Carr. ex A.& C. Rivière golden bamboo<br />

Sesbania herbacea (P. Mill.) McVaugh bigpod sesbania

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Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. red sesbania<br />

Spiraea japonica L. f. Japanese spiraea<br />

Tamarix gallica L. French tamarisk<br />

Vinca major L. big periwinkle<br />

Vinca minor L. common periwinkle<br />

Category 3 - <strong>Exotic</strong> plant that is a minor problem in <strong>Georgia</strong> natural areas, or is not yet<br />

known to be a problem in <strong>Georgia</strong> but is known to be a problem in adjacent states.<br />

Scientific Name Common Name<br />

Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. sessile joyweed<br />

Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (Maxim.) Trautv. Amur peppervine<br />

Anthoxanthum odoratum L. sweet vernalgrass<br />

Arundo donax L. giant reed<br />

Berberis thunbergii DC. Japanese barberry<br />

Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L'Hér. ex Vent. paper-mulberry<br />

Carduus nutans L. musk thistle<br />

Centaurea cyanus L. cornflower<br />

Clematis terniflora DC sweet autumn virginsbower<br />

Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott coco yam, wild taro<br />

Daucus carota L. Queen Anne's lace, wild carrot<br />

Dioscorea alata L. winged yam<br />

Dioscorea bulbifera L. air-potato<br />

Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass<br />

Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees weeping lovegrass<br />

Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) H<strong>and</strong>.-Maz. winter creeper<br />

Festuca arundinacea Schreb. tall fescue<br />

Hemerocallis fulva (L.) L. tawny daylily<br />

Hibiscus syriacus L. rose <strong>of</strong> Sharon<br />

Lantana camara L. largeleaf lantana<br />

Lespedeza thunbergii (DC.) Nakai Thunberg lespedeza<br />

Ligustrum lucidum W.T. Aiton glossy privet<br />

Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume limnophila<br />

Liriope muscari (Dcne.) Bailey monkeygrass<br />

Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxton sweet breath <strong>of</strong> spring<br />

Mahonia bealei (Fortune) Carr. leatherleaf mahonia

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Marsilea minuta L. dwarf waterclover<br />

Melilotus alba Medikus white sweetclover<br />

Melinis repens (Willd.) Zizka natalgrass<br />

Mentha x piperita L. (pro sp.) peppermint<br />

Morus alba L. white mulberry<br />

Mosla dianthera (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Maxim. miniature beefsteakplant<br />

Myriophyllum spicatum Linnaeus Eurasian watermilfoil<br />

Panicum repens L. torpedograss<br />

Paspalum urvillei Steud. vaseygrass<br />

Persicaria maculosa S.F. Gray ladysthumb<br />

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. common reed<br />

Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. common reed<br />

Poa annua L. annual bluegrass<br />

Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf. trifoliate orange<br />

Potamogeton crispus L. curlyleaf pondweed<br />

Pyrus calleryana Dcne. Callery pear (Bradford pear)<br />

Rottboellia cochinchinensis (Lour.) W.D. Clayton itchgrass<br />

Rubus armeniacus Focke Himalaya blackberry<br />

Securigera varia (L.) Lassen crownvetch<br />

Sesbania vesicaria (Jacq.) Ell. bagpod<br />

Solanum viarum Dunal tropical soda apple<br />

Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. johnsongrass<br />

Stachys floridana Shuttlw. ex Benth. Florida betony<br />

Vernicia fordii (Hemsl.) Airy-Shaw tungoil tree<br />

Category 4 - <strong>Exotic</strong> plant that is naturalized in <strong>Georgia</strong> but generally does not pose a<br />

problem in <strong>Georgia</strong> natural areas or a potentially invasive plant in need <strong>of</strong> additional<br />

information to determine its true status.<br />

Scientific Name Common Name<br />

Akebia quinata (Houtt.) Dcne. chocolate vine<br />

Allium vineale L. wild garlic<br />

Alysicarpus vaginalis (L.) DC. alyceclover<br />

Artemisia vulgaris L. mugwort<br />

Bidens bipinnata L. spanishneedles<br />

Bidens pilosa L. hairy beggarticks<br />

Bromus secalinus L. rye brome

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Bromus tectorum L. cheatgrass<br />

Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. bull thistle<br />

Commelina benghalensis L. Benghal dayflower<br />

Commelina benghalensis L. Benghal dayflower<br />

Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link Scotch broom<br />

Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb. winged burning bush<br />

Fallopia sachalinensis F. Schmidt ex Maxim. Sakhalin knotweed<br />

Fatoua villosa (Thunb.) Nakai mulberryweed<br />

Firmiana simplex (L.) W. Wight Chinese parasoltree<br />

Ilex cornuta Lindl. & Paxton Chinese holly<br />

Ilex crenata Thunb. Japanese holly<br />

Ipomoea coccinea L. red morningglory<br />

Ipomoea cordatotriloba var. cordatotriloba Dennst. tievine<br />

Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth tall morningglory<br />

Jacquemontia tamnifolia (L.) Griseb. smallflower morningglory<br />

Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino Korean lespedeza<br />

Kummerowia stipulacea (Maxim.) Makino Korean lespedeza<br />

Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. common lespedeza<br />

Kummerowia striata (Thunb.) Schindl. common lespedeza<br />

Liriope spicata (Thunb.) Lour. creeping liriope<br />

Najas minor All. brittleleaf naiad<br />

Orobanche minor Smith small broomrape<br />

Paspalum quadrifarium Lam. tussock paspalum<br />

Persicaria longiseta (Bruijn) Kitagawa Oriental lady's thumb<br />

Pyracantha coccinea M. Roemer scarlet firethorn<br />

Quercus acutissima Carruthers sawtooth oak<br />

Rosa laevigata Michx. Cherokee rose<br />

Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim. wine raspberry<br />

Setaria faberi Herrm. giant foxtail<br />

Setaria pumila (Poir.) Roemer & J.A. Schultes yellow foxtail<br />

Setaria viridis var. viridis (L.) P. Beauv. green bristlegrass<br />

Sonchus asper (L.) Hill spiny sowthistle<br />

Sonchus oleraceus L. annual sowthistle<br />

Torilis arvensis (Huds.) Link hedgeparsley<br />

Verbascum thapsus L. common mullein

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Verbena bonariensis L. tall vervain<br />

Verbena litoralis var. brevibracteata (Kuntze) N. O'Leary Brazil vervain<br />

Wisteria floribunda (Willd.) DC.<br />

Japanese wisteria