VOLUME 2: Vegetation Community Profiles - Coffs Harbour City ...

© Copyright State of NSW and the Office of Environment and Heritage, Department of Premier andCabinet with Coffs Harbour City Council and the Northern Rivers Catchment Management Authority.The authors are pleased to allow this material to be reproduced in whole or in part for educational andnon-commercial use, provided the meaning is unchanged and its source, publisher and authorship areacknowledged.The authors have compiled this report in good faith, exercising all due care and attention. No representation ismade about the accuracy, completeness or suitability of the information in this publication for any particularpurpose. The authors shall not be liable for any damage which may occur to any person or organisation takingaction or not on the basis of this publication. Readers should seek appropriate advice when applying theinformation to their specific needs.Requests for information regarding this document should be directed to one of the following:Head of Biodiversity Assessment UnitRegional Operations - North East RegionOffice of Environment and HeritageLocked Bag 914COFFS HARBOUR NSW 2450Phone: (02) 6651 5946Published by:Office of Environment and Heritage on behalf of Coffs Harbour City Council and the Northern RiversCatchment Management Authority.Office of Environment and HeritageDepartment of Premier and Cabinet59–61 Goulburn StreetPO Box A290Sydney South 1232Phone: (02) 9995 5000 (switchboard)Fax: (02) 9995 5999TTY: (02) 9211 4723Email: info@environment.nsw.gov.auWebsite: www.environment.nsw.gov.auTeam Leader - BiodiversityCoffs Harbour City CouncilLocked Bag 155COFFS HARBOUR NSW 2450Email: coffs.council@chcc.nsw.gov.auPhone: (02) 6648 4000ISBN 978 1 74293 942 1November 2012OEH 2012/0954Cover photograph: Ernst Kemmerer

Development of a Fine-scale Vegetation Map for theCoffs Harbour Local Government AreaVOLUME 2: VEGETATION COMMUNITY PROFILESNovember 2012Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government AreaPage i

Credits and AcknowledgementsThis project was funded by the Coffs Harbour City Council, with financial assistance from the Northern RiversCatchment Management Authority and the National Parks and Wildlife Service.The vegetation classification and mapping project involved many people with varied and specialised skills. TheOffice of Environment and Heritage (OEH) would like to acknowledge the main contributors to this project.OEH would like to acknowledge the contribution of Ernst Kemmerer (OEH) and Nigel Cotsell (Coffs Harbour CityCouncil [CHCC]) for co-ordinating the project.The main report was prepared by Ernst Kemmerer and Paul Sheringham, with assistance from Paul Houlder. OEHwould like to acknowledge the technical expertise of the Biodiversity Assessment Unit; Paul Sheringham, BrendanRennison, Karen Caves and Mark Cameron, and their contribution in compiling the Vegetation Community Profilesin Volume 2 of the report and providing the maps, figures and tables.Project specifications for the mapping and aerial photography interpretation work were completed by KarenCaves (OEH) and Brendan Rennison (OEH) with Mark Cameron (OEH) contributing to refinement of the vegetationboundaries, data processing and quality assurance. Paul Sheringham was principal botanist and patiently assistedthe team with vegetation classification questions, botanical identification and interpretation queries.Aerial photography interpretation (API) formed the backbone of this vegetation mapping project and the APIteam consisted of Karen Caves, Brendan Rennison, Mark Cameron, Paul Sheringham and contractors Mark Fisher,Rob Streeter, and Owen Maguire. Discussions and advice from Rob Streeter during the interpretation phase, andwith Adam Roff (OEH) on remote sensing techniques and species mapping, work were appreciated.Field verification is an essential component to API and the input of Damian Arnold (CHCC) is noted for hisextensive field survey efforts. OEH wishes to thank John Hunter and Stephanie Horton for providing advice on thedistribution of rainforest types in the Fridays Creek and Moleton mapsheets. OEH also appreciated the assistanceof Forests NSW for access to sites and information on road conditions.Flora surveys provide the evidence for vegetation community analysis and OEH would like to thank Phil Gilmour,Lachlan Copeland and Liz Brown (Eco Logical Australia) for their expertise in completing the majority of thesurveys, as well as the contributions of Peter Richards.OEH would also like to thank Jill Smith (OEH) for her assistance with the stratification and Doug Binns (ForestsNSW) for his enthusiasm and assistance in completing the numerical vegetation classification analysis.This project would not have been possible without the vision of Ernst Kemmerer, Nigel Cotsell and Rachel Binskin(CHCC) to develop a product that could support a range of conservation initiatives for the local government area,and for the project support of Andrew McIntyre (OEH) and Gary Davey (Environment Protection Authority).Page iiVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CONTENTSUsing the Vegetation Community Profiles 1RAINFORESTSPlateau Beech Cool Temperate Rainforest CH_RF01 7Plateau Beech Coachwood Cool Temperate Rainforest CH_RF02 11Plateau and Escarpment Coachwood - Sassafras Warm Temperate Rainforest CH_RF03 15Plateau and Escarpment Hoop Pine Dry Rainforest CH_RF04 21Foothills Brown Myrtle Dry Rainforest CH_RF05 26Escarpment Grey Myrtle - Brush Box Dry Rainforest CH_RF06 29Coastal Exposed Dune Littoral Rainforest CH_RF07 32Headland Brush Box Littoral Rainforest CH_RF08 37Hinterland White Booyong Floodplain Rainforest CH_RF09 43Escarpment and Lowland Bangalow Carabeen - Black Booyong Palm Gully Rainforest CH_RF11 48Escarpment Coachwood - Sassafras - Brush Box Warm Temperate Rainforest CH_RF12 57Coastal Sheltered Dune Littoral Rainforest CH_RF13 65WET SCLEROPHYLL FORESTSCoast and Hinterland Riparian Flooded Gum Bangalow Wet Forest CH_WSF01 73Hinterland Blackbutt - Bangalow - Turpentine Wet Shrubby Forest CH_WSF02 81Foothills and Escarpment Blue Gum - Tallowwood -Turpentine Wet Shrubby Forest CH_WSF03 88Foothills to Escarpment Brush Box - Tallowwood - Blackbutt Wet Forest CH_WSF05 96Plateau Blue Gum - Tallowwood - Flooded Gum Wet Shrubby Forest CH_WSF06 106Plateau and Escarpment Rim Brush Box - Blackbutt Wet Forest CH_WSF07 113Southern Foothills Blackbutt - Turpentine - Tallowwood Wet Ferny Forest CH_WSF08 120Northern Escarpment Blackbutt - Apple Wet Ferny Forest CH_WSF09 128Hinterland and Escarpment Tallowwood - Blackbutt - Blue Gum Wet Ferny Forest CH_WSF10 136Foothills Spotted Gum - Mahogany - Grey Gum Wet Shrubby Forest CH_WSF11 142Brush Box – Corkwood Open Forest on Sand CH_WSF12 147Dunn’s White Gum Wet Forest CH_WSF13 151Coastal Headland Red Gum Forest CH_WSF14 155Foothills Steel Box - Brown Myrtle Wet Forest CH_WSF15 159Escarpment White Mahogany Wet Shrubby Forest CH_WSF16 165Foothills Turpentine - Grey Gum - Ironbark Moist Shrubby Forest CH_WSF17 168Escarpment New England Blackbutt Wet Ferny Forest CH_WSF18 176MARITIME GRASSLANDSStrandline Grassland CH_G01 182Maritime Grasslands - Offshore Islands CH_G02 185DRY OPEN FORESTSCoast and Escarpment Blackbutt Dry Forest CH_DOF01 189Sandstone Bloodwood - Needlebark Stringybark Heathy Forest CH_D0F02 196Hinterland Needlebark Stringybark - Scribbly Gum Red Mahogany Dry Forest CH_DOF04 204Foothills Grey Gum-Ironbark - Mahogany Dry Forest CH_DOF05 208Lowlands Swamp Box - Paperbark - Red Gum Dry Forest CH_DOF06 216Escarpment New England Blackbutt Dry Forest CH_DOF07 222Coastal Sand Bloodwood - Banksia Forest CH_DOF08 225Coast Sand Blackbutt - Bloodwood - Apple Forest CH_DOF09 230Foothills Spotted Gum - Mahogany - Grey Gum - Ironbark Dry Forest CH_DOF10 234Northern Escarpment Mahogany Grassy Dry Forest CH_DOF11 242Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government AreaPage iii

HEATHLANDSCoast Banksia Shrubland On Holocene Dunes CH_H01 246Coast Wattle Shrublands CH_H02 252Kangaroo Grass Headland Grasslands CH_H03 256Coastal She-oak - Hakea Clay Heathland CH_H04 260Coastal Dagger - Hakea Clay Heathland CH_H05 264Coastal Headland Banksia CH_H06 269Coastal Headland Swamp Oak Shrubland CH_H07 274Wallum Banksia – Black She-oak Shrubland CH_H08 278Plateau Teatree Rock Outcrop Shrubland CH_H09 282Escarpment Tea-tree Shrubland CH_H10 286Tall Tea-tree – Crabapple Montane Closed Forest CH_H11 289FRESHWATER WETLANDSCoastal Wallum Tea-tree – Banksia Wet Heathland Shrubland CH_FW01 294Coastal Wallum Paperbark - Banksia - Grass Tree Wet Heathland CH_FW02 298Coastal Wallum Slender Twine Rush Sedgeland CH_FW03 303Coastal Wallum Baumea Sedgeland CH_FW04 307Coastal Wallum Paperbark Wet Shrubland CH_FW05 311Coastal Wallum Teatree Tall Wet Shrubland CH_FW06 316Coastal Jointed Twig Rush Freshwater Wetland CH_FW07 320Coastal Freshwater Wetland CH_FW08 324Coastal Wallum Fernland CH_FW09 328FORESTED WETLANDSCoastal Paperbark - Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest CH_FrW01 332Coastal Swamp Mahogany Forest CH_FrW02 337Coastal Paperbark - Bottlebrush Channel Forest CH_FrW03 343Coastal Paperbark - Sedgeland Dominated Forest CH_FrW04 347Coastal Paperbark - Swamp Box Littoral Forest CH_FrW05 351Coastal Wallum Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark - Satinwood Forest CH_FrW06 356River Oak Riparian Forest of the Orara River Valley CH_FrW07 361Plateau Tea-Tree – Water Gum Riparian Shrubland CH_FrW08 365Coastal Wallum Swamp Mahogany Sieber’s Paperbark Forest CH_FrW09 368Swamp Oak Forested Wetland CH_FrW10 373Estuarine Paperbark - Twig Rush Forest CH_FrW11 377SALINE WETLANDSEstuarine Mangrove Forest CH_SW01 382Estuarine Twig Rush Saltmarsh CH_SW02 385Coastal Dune Sedgeland Soak CH_SW03 388Coastal Dune Prickly Couch Grasslands CH_SW04 392Twig Rush Headland Sedgeland Soaks CH_SW05 396Sea Rush Saltmarsh CH_SW06 400Estuarine Samphire - Saltwater Couch Saltmarsh CH_SW07 403APPENDIX 1: Vegetation communities mapping and classification statistics: full floristic plots, API points, Reliability 407APPENDIX 2: Other Vegetation Communities 411Page ivVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

Using the Vegetation Community ProfilesIntroductionThis technical report provides a description of each of the 80 vegetation communities mapped within CoffsHarbour Local Government Area. These profiles were designed using the template suggested in the NSWVegetation Standard (DECCW 2009b).Short NameA concise name of the vegetation community which contains the most relevant pieces of information concerningeither its distribution, habitat, floristic composition and/or structure.Vegetation Community CodeA six digit descriptive abbreviation of the vegetation community. First two digits (CH) are an abbreviation ofthe Coffs Harbour Local Government Area (LGA). The subsequent alpha- numeric code displays the communitynumber for the community’s vegetation formation. For example CH_DOF10 is Dry Open Forest communitynumber ten.Vegetation formation abbreviations:RF RainforestWSF Wet Sclerophyll ForestGGrasslandDOF Dry Open ForestHHeathlandFW Freshwater WetlandFrW Forested WetlandSW Saline WetlandThe contents of the report follow the above formation order followed by a numeric code. The numeric codes arein sequence except where post-analysis has resulted in merging of vegetation communities due to its similaritywith another community. This applies to three communities of RF10, WSF04, DOF03 which have been removedand are not listed in the report.Scientific NameThe scientific name has a more complete description of the community’s structure and floristics. It includesinformation on the community’s distribution, structure, common and scientific names of dominant or informativespecies, geology and habitat.Statewide ClassA listing of the vegetation formation and class derived from the publication by Keith (2006) titled ‘Ocean Shores toDesert Dunes’. Format is given as ‘formation’ followed by ‘class’ (Formation – Class).Plant Community TypeThis field provides an equivalency to the Plant Community Types listed in the NSW Vegetation Classification andAssessment module of the NSW Vegetation Information System. The Office of Environment and Heritage (OEH2012b) conducted a numerical analysis and expert botanical review of vegetation communities with the NorthernRivers Catchment Management Area, and identified 384 Plant Community Types within the study area. For eachVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 1

of 72 of the vegetation communities in the Coffs Harbour LGA, the equivalent NSW Plant Community Type isprovided. The number listed in parenthesis is the Analysis Group identification number or AG-ID. For example,NSW 700-50 refers to the plant community from the 700-group analysis and decision tree or row 50.Site PhotographPhotographs are included to show the floristic and structural characteristics of the community. Multiplephotographs are sometimes included to illustrate the structural and floristic variations observed.DescriptionA full description of the distribution, habitat, and structural and floristic composition of the vegetationcommunity is given. The description was developed using fidelity tables and summarised structural andfloristic information held in the YETI database (Ellis et al. 2010). Any additional information collated duringaerial photograph interpretation and field observation is included. In some instances, where no formal surveyswere conducted for a vegetation mapping unit, then the community description was compiled using fieldinvestigations and rapid data points.Floristic SummaryThe floristic summary shows a table of the structural and floristic information for each vertical stratum or layer.This information was derived from the full floristic sites as follows:• Height - the information is given as the upper and lower height in metres for each layer• Cover - minimum and maximum percent foliage/canopy cover for each layer, and• Dominant species recorded for each layer.Example of a floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesTallest 1-15 10-75 example species:Banksia integrifolia subsp. integriflolia, Cupaniopsis anarcardoides,Syzgium australe, Cryptocarya triplinervis, Alectryon coriaceusMiddle 0.5-8 10-60 example species:Smilax australis, Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae, AcronychiaimperforataLower 0-2 20-70 example species:Dianella congesta, Imperata cylindrica var. major, Pteridiumesculentum, Zoysia macrantha, Oplismenus imbecillis, Viola banksii*A note is provided to record the number of sites that contributed to structural and floristic information for thesummary.Structural and Floristic VariationsObserved floristic and structural variation within the community are described to indicate the differences thatmay be encountered in the field from the vegetation profile.Species RichnessA summary of species statistics from full floristic sites. This information includes:• the number of plots• the total number native plant taxa (species, subspecies and varieties)• the average number of taxa recorded• the standard deviation from the mean (shown as ±).Page 2Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

For example:• Number of plots 5• Total native species 76• Average number of species 24 ±5.8ExoticsA list of exotic taxa recorded from sitesConservation StatusThe area of occupancy in hectare is presented by land tenure class for each community, as well as the proportionreserved within the Coffs Harbour LGA. The latter figure is presented as a percentage of extant vegetation atthe time of the study, and not the pre-1750 extant vegetation. This is because modelling for pre-settlementvegetation extant was not conducted as part of this study. A list of the conservation reserves where thevegetation community occurs is also noted.Example of conservation statisticsTenureArea (ha)Crown Land 142Freehold 56National Park 128Nature Reserve 37Regional Park 55TOTAL 418Proportion reserved within LGA 53%Example of conservation notesThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (83ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (53ha), MooneeBeach Nature Reserve (37ha) and Yuraygir National Park (42ha).Threatened and Rare plants: Includes a list of threatened, ROTAP and species of conservation importancerecorded in the plant communities. In some profiles species have been added to the community where they areknown to occur, but were not recorded in sites (e.g Zieria prostrata).Endangered Ecological Community: A recording of whether the community is likely to contain or represent anEndangered Ecological Community (EEC) as listed on the Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995. Definitionsof the EECs under the TSC Act (1995) are likely to be different to the definitions given in the vegetation profile.Therefore, this section only provides an indication of the types of EECs likely to be present in the vegetationclassification. The name(s) of the EECs likely to occur within the mapped vegetation community are thereforelisted, and further field validation or surveys may be required to establish its presence or occurrence.Relationship to Other CommunitiesThis section describes the relationship of the community to spatially adjoining or related communities in theclassification. Distinguishing features that may be used to separate these communities while in the field aredescribed.EquivalentsThe main vegetation equivalencies of Statewide Class and Plant Community Type are listed in the header of thevegetation profiles. Most of the Plant Community Types identified by the OEH (2012a) study have Biometric typesVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 3

assigned to them and the Biometric equivalent at the time of the Coffs Harbour LGA study is noted here.BioMetric: BioMetric is the biodiversity module in the Native Vegetation Assessment Tool (NVAT) package thatfacilitates preparation of Property Vegetation Plans (PVPs) under the NSW Native Vegetation Act 2003. It is alsoused to inform “maintain and improve” tests under the Biodiversity Banking and Offsets Scheme. An interpretationwas made of the equivalences of each Coffs Harbour Community to Biometric types published in the NativeVegetation Regulation for Biobanking and the Property Plan Developer (OEH 2012b).Other: An equivalency to other relevant vegetation classifications, previous surveys and regional studies. Themost important of these included: Coffs Harbour vegetation mapping (Fisher et al. 1996), Bongil Bongil NationalPark Vegetation Survey (Cameron et al. 2011), Coffs Urunga State Forest Flora Surveys (Tweedie et al. 1995), FloydRainforest suballiances (Floyd 1990), Forest Ecosytems (NPWS 1999) and the NRCMA vegetation map (Eco Logical2005).LocationsExamples of where the community occurs in the LGA are listed followed by a distribution map of the vegetationcommunity. The map illustrates the representation of the community across broad classes of public and freeholdland tenure and is indicated in black.Diagnostic SpeciesFidelity is the degree to which a species conforms or is faithful to a particular vegetation community (Goodall,1952) within a classification. Ideally, a characteristic species should accumulate in only one single vegetationunit (Barkman 1989). In this study, fidelity identifies the way in which a species is distributed across the sites in afloristic group compared to how it is distributed in the sites outside the group.Fidelity classification helps in identifying the taxa that make an important contribution or distinguishing featureto the species composition of the community being described, termed diagnostic species. Diagnostic species foreach community were calculated using fidelity software by Bedward (1999).For each vegetation profile the diagnostic species were described in a table by the following fields:• Mean Group Cover The mean group cover is the median cover score for the taxa in sites assigned to thiscommunity in the classification• Group Frequency The frequency of the taxa in sites assigned to this community in the classification• Non Group Cover The non group cover is the median cover score of this taxa across all communities in theanalysis• Non-group Frequency Records the frequency of the taxa outside this community in other communities inthe study• Fidelity class There are four fidelity classes, which are described below;- Positive Includes taxa that are unique to the community, or more frequent and abundant in thedescribed community than other communities.- Uninformative The group and no group frequency and mean cover of the taxa across the data setis not considered informative.- Constant Taxa that occur frequently in several communities including the described community- Negative The taxa is less frequent and abundant in this community than other communities.Page 4Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

Example of diagnostic species listScientific NameMean GroupCoverGroupFrequencyNon-groupcoverNon-groupFrequencyFidelity ClassAcacia disparrima subsp. disparrima 1 14% 0 0% positiveAcacia longifolia 1 85% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 29% 1 14% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 1 14% 2 19% uninformativeAcianthus exsertus 3 14% 0 0% positiveAcmena smithii 1 14% 1 27% uninformativeAcronychia imperforata 2 57% 1 3% positiveProfile StatisticsSummary statistics regarding the supporting information used to develop the vegetation profiles are listed inAppendix 1. Appendix 1 includes information for the number and type of vegetation surveys for each vegetationcommunity, reliability statistics for the mapping and attribution (aerial photography interpretation phase), anduser and producer accuracy from the map validation exercise (to be supplied).Other Mapping UnitsOther codes were used to describe exotic species, plantations and remnant vegetation and these are summarisedin Appendix 2. This information when combined with the map product is useful to evaluate occurence of exoticssuch as Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora), or the distribution of eucalypt and exotic plantations. However,more information on the types of species occurring within plantations can be obtained from Forests NSW.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 5

Page 6Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

PLATEAU BEECH COOL TEMPERATE RAINFORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Antarctic Beech (Nothofagus moorei) - Sassafras(Doryphora sassafras) Cool Temperate RainforestSTATEWIDE CLASS Rainforests – Cool Temperate Rainforest (Keith 2006)CH_RF01PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Antarctic Beech - Possumwood -Sassafras tall cool temperate rainforest on krasnozem soils, NSW NorthCoast Bioregion, New England Tablelands Bioregion and South EasternQueensland Bioregion (NSW75-74)CH_RF01DescriptionIn this cool temperate rainforest there is an abundance of Antarctic Beech (Nothofagus moorei) and othercommon species are Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum), Sassafras (Doryphora sassafras) and Brush Box(Lophostemon confertus). In the mid to small tree layer Native Honeysuckle (Triunia youngiana), Thick-leavedLaurel (Cryptocarya meissneriana) and Brush Pepperbush (Tasmannia insipida) are common to abundant. Vines arecommon and include Small Supplejack (Ripogonum fawcettianum), Petermannia cirrosa and Lawyer Vine (Smilaxaustralis). A sparse ground cover of Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum) is present.This community occurs at high altitudes in cool moist summit areas above 900 metres in altitude along theDorrigo escarpment.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 7

CH_RF01Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest No data No data Nothofagus moorei, Ceratopetalum apetalum,Doryphora sassafras, Lophostemon confertus,Callicoma serratifolia.Middle No data No data Triunia youngiana, Cryptocarya meissneriana,Ripogonum fawcettianum, Petermannia cirrosa,Smilax australis.Lower No data No data Blechnum cartilagineum, Tasmannia insipida.Data collated from 1 of 1 full floristic sites (Floyd 1990)Species richnessNumber of plots : 1Total species: 27Average number of species: 27Relationship to other communitiesThis community is related to CH_RF02 (Plateau Beech Coachwood Cool Temperate Rainforest). CH_RF01 isdistinguished by having a clear dominance of Antarctic Beech (Nothofagus moorei) in the canopy. CH_RF02 alsodiffers by having a warm temperate rainforest influence and consequently a higher species diversity than CH_RF01.Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (1ha) and Dorrigo National Park (1ha).TenureArea (ha)National Park 1TOTAL 1EquivalentsBiometric: Antarctic Beech cool temperate rainforest of the New England Tablelands and North Coast. (NR103)Other: R49 - Antarctic Beech (Fisher et al. 1996); Sub-alliance 49 (Floyd 1990)LocationsKnown to occur at Tuckers Knob.Page 8Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF01Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 9

CH_RF01Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia melanoxylon 3 100% 2 18% positiveAcmena smithii 2 100% 1 26% positiveAcradenia euodiiformis 3 100% 3 3% positiveArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 100% 2 23% uninformativeAtractocarpus benthamianus 2 100% 2 7% positiveBaloghia inophylla 2 100% 2 2% positiveCallicoma serratifolia 3 100% 2 17% positiveCeratopetalum apetalum 2 100% 3 11% positiveCryptocarya glaucescens 2 100% 2 17% positiveCryptocarya meissneriana 3 100% 3 2% positiveDenhamia celastroides 1 100% 1 8% uninformativeDiospyros australis 2 100% 2 1% positiveDoryphora sassafras 2 100% 2 7% positiveEndiandra crassiflora 1 100% 1 2% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 3 100% 2 31% positiveNotelaea sp. A 2 100% 1 0% positiveNothofagus moorei 3 100% 3 1% positivePersoonia media 2 100% 1 7% positivePetermannia cirrosa 3 100% 1 6% positivePittosporum undulatum 2 100% 1 10% positiveRipogonum fawcettianum 3 100% 2 21% positiveSmilax australis 3 100% 1 44% positiveStenocarpus salignus 2 100% 1 4% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.3 100% 2 34% positiveglandulosumTasmannia insipida 4 100% 1 12% positiveTristaniopsis laurina 2 100% 2 3% positiveTriunia youngiana 4 100% 1 5% positiveWilkiea huegeliana 2 100% 1 28% positivePage 10Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

PLATEAU BEECH - COACHWOOD COOL TEMPERATE RAINFORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Antarctic Beech (Nothofagus moorei) - Coachwood(Ceratopetalum apetalum) Cool Temperate RainforestSTATE-WIDE CLASS Rainforest - Cool Temperate Rainforest (Keith 2006)CH_RF02PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Antarctic Beech – Coachwood –Sassafras tall cool temperate rainforest, NSW North Coast Bioregion,New England Tablelands Bioregion and South Eastern QueenslandBioregion (NSW150-149)CH_RF02DescriptionCool temperate rainforest that occurs on sheltered slopes and creeks at higher altitudes in the Bobo Riverand Eve Creek Valleys. The floristic composition is characterised by Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum),Sassafras (Doryphora sassafras) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) as the most common canopy speciesin association with Antarctic Beech (Nothofagus moorei). In the mid to small tree layer Hairy-leaved Bolly-gum(Neolitsea dealbata), Thick-leaved Laurel (Cryptocarya meissneriana) and Brush Pepperbush (Tasmannia insipida)are common to abundant. Vines are common and include Small Supplejack (Ripogonum fawcettianum), HairySupplejack (Ripogonum elseyanum), Petermannia cirrosa and Lawyer Vine (Smilax australis). The ground layer issparse with Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum) and Lomandraspicata being the most common species.This community was not spatially mapped as the occurrences are highly restricted and scattered throughoutlarger areas of the Warm Temperate Rainforest community; CH_RF03. It was found that CH_RF02 was verydifficult to interpret from the aerial imagery but is recognised by the data analysis and several experts to occur inthe Bobo River Valley.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 11

CH_RF02Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 5 - 30 70 Ceratopetalum apetalum, Doryphora sassafras,Lophostemon confertus, Nothofagus moorei.Middle 8 - 15 10 - 45 Neolitsea dealbata, Cryptocarya, meissneriana,Tasmannia insipida, Ripogonum fawcettianum,Ripogonum elseyanum, Petermannia cirrosa,Smilax australis.Lower 0.2 - 1 1 - 5 Lomandra spicata, Blechnum cartilagineum,Lomandra longifolia.* Data collated from 3 of 3 full floristic sitesSpecies richnessNumber of plots: 3Total species: 51Average number of species 30 ±3Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Dorrigo National Park (54ha)TenureFreeholdNational ParkCrown landTOTALProportion reserved within LGAArea (ha)restricted occurrencesunknownunknownThreatened and Rare plants:Cryptocarya dorrigoensisRelationship to other communitiesThis community is related to CH_RF01 (Plateau Beech Cool Temperate Rainforest). While CH_RF01 is characterisedby a dominance of Antarctic Beech (Nothofagus moorei) in the canopy, CH_RF02 has a clear dominance ofCoachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum) with Antarctic Beech (N. moorei) present in moderate abundance in thecanopy together with Sassafras (Doryphora sassafras) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus). Overall, CH_RF02is a more diverse community with a warm temperate rainforest influence and wider distribution. CH_RF01 isrestricted to higher altitudes and only a few locations. CH_RF02 occurrences are scattered within mapped WarmTemperate Rainforest communities such as CH_RF03 and CH_RF12 (Escarpment Coachwood – Sassafras – BrushBox Warm Temperate Rainforest).EquivalentsBiometric: Antarctic Beech cool temperate rainforest of the New England Tablelands and North Coast (NR103)Other: R49 - Antarctic Beech (Fisher et al. 1996) Sub-alliance 49 (Floyd 1990).LocationsKnown examples include Frog Hollow Road, Bobo River and Eastern Dorrigo Way, Eve Creek.Page 12Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_RF02Diagnostic SpeciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia melanoxylon 1 33% 2 18% uninformativeAcradenia euodiiformis 4 67% 3 2% positiveAraucaria cunninghamii 1 100% 1 5% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeAtractocarpus benthamianus 1 33% 2 7% uninformativeBackhousia myrtifolia 3 67% 1 2% positiveBlechnum cartilagineum 2 33% 2 38% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 1 67% 2 14% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 1 33% 2 17% uninformativeCeratopetalum apetalum 4 100% 3 10% positiveCleistanthus cunninghamii 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeCordyline rubra 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeCryptocarya dorrigoensis 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 2 33% 2 17% uninformativeCryptocarya meissneriana 3 33% 3 2% uninformativeDenhamia celastroides 1 33% 1 8% uninformativeDoryphora sassafras 1 67% 2 7% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 1 33% 1 5% uninformativeEndiandra crassiflora 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeEndiandra muelleri 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeEucalyptus saligna 1 67% 3 9% uninformativeExocarya sclerioides 2 33% 1 2% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 67% 1 28% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 33% 1 19% uninformativeLastreopsis decomposita 2 33% 2 6% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 33% 1 12% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 1 100% 2 12% uninformativeLitsea reticulata 3 67% 2 7% positiveLomandra longifolia 1 33% 2 52% negativeLomandra spicata 2 33% 1 9% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 67% 1 36% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 2 100% 1 15% positiveNothofagus moorei 3 100% 3 0% positiveOrites excelsus 1 100% 2 5% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 33% 1 27% uninformativePetermannia cirrosa 1 33% 1 6% uninformativePilidiostigma glabrum 1 67% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 1 67% 1 12% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 33% 1 16% uninformativeRipogonum elseyanum 2 100% 2 7% positiveRipogonum fawcettianum 1 67% 2 21% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipata 1 67% 1 11% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 33% 1 29% uninformativeStenocarpus salignus 1 67% 1 4% uninformativeSyzygium australe 3 33% 1 6% uninformativeTasmannia insipida 1 100% 1 11% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 67% 1 9% uninformativeTristaniopsis collina 4 67% 2 5% positiveTristaniopsis laurina 2 33% 2 3% uninformativeTriunia youngiana 1 67% 1 5% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 2 67% 1 37% positiveWilkiea huegeliana 1 67% 1 28% uninformativePage 14Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

PLATEAU AND ESCARPMENT COACHWOOD - SASSAFRASWARM TEMPERATE RAINFORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum) – Callicoma(Callicoma serratifolia) – Sassafras (Doryphora sassafras) – Hoop Pine(Araucaria cunninghamii) Warm Temperate RainforestSTATEWIDE CLASS Rainforests – Warm Temperate Rainforest (Keith2006)CH_RF03PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Coachwood – Sassafras – Crabapple tallclosed forest of the Dorrigo area, NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW1000-1591)CH_RF03DescriptionA warm temperate rainforest often with emergent Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) present in most sites. Inthe dense rainforest canopy the common trees are Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum), Sassafras (Doryphorasassafras), Yellow Satin-heart (Acradenia euodiiformis), Callicoma (Callicoma serratifolia) and Hairy-leaved BollyGum (Neolitsea dealbata). Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) is sometimes common in the mid stratum or in areasthat are regenerating. The mid stratum also consists of shrubby wet rainforest species such as Thick-leaved Laurel(Cryptocarya meissneriana), Native Honeysuckle (Triunia youngiana) and Callicoma (Callicoma serratifolia). Thelower and ground layer consists of Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum), Orange Thorn (Pittosporum multiflorum),Brush Pepperbush (Tasmannia insipida) and Walking Stick Palm (Linospadix monostachya). Vines such as SmallSupplejack (Ripogonum fawcettianum), Prickly Supplejack (Ripogonum discolor), Petermannia cirrosa and HairySupplejack (Ripogonum elseyanum) are common in the middle layers.This community is widespread on the Eastern Dorrigo Plateau in moist areas of metasedimentary derived soilsand sometimes unconsolidated alluvial sediments between about 500 and 1000 metres in altitude. It occurson sheltered slopes and gullies on undulating to steep topography in the catchments of the Bobo and LittleNymboida River and their tributaries.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 15

CH_RF03Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 20 - 40 60 - 100 Araucaria cunninghamii, Ceratopetalum apetalum, Doryphorasassafras, Acradenia euodiiformis, Callicoma serratifolia.Middle 1 5 - 20 60 - 80 Pittosporum multiflorum, Cryptocarya meissneriana, Triuniayoungiana, Callicoma serratifolia, Ripogonum fawcettianum,Ripogonum discolour, Petermannia cirrosa, Ripogonum elseyanum.Middle 2 1 - 10 10 - 30 Acacia melanoxylon, Neolitsea dealbata.Lower 0.1 - 0.6 5 - 10 Blechnum cartilagineum, Tasmannia insipida, Linospadixmonostachya.* Data collated from 9 of 9 full floristic sitesSpecies richnessNumber of plots 9Total species 138Average number of species 34 ±11Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (539ha), Bindarri State Conservation Area (287 ha) andDorrigo National Park (389ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 27Freehold 2 088National Park 984NSW State Forest 567State Conservation Area 287TOTAL 3 952Endangered Ecological Community: Lowland Rainforest in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin bioregions EECThreatened and Rare plants:Cryptocarya dorrigoensisRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_RF12 (Escarpment Coachwood - Sassafras - Brush Box Warm Temperate Rainforest). CH_RF12 occurscloser to the escarpment edge with a significant influence of subtropical elements in the species composition.CH_RF03 is more common on the western parts of the plateau within the study area.Within CH_RF03, there are restricted occurrences of CH_RF02 (Plateau Beech – Coachwood Cool TemperateRainforest). In areas of Warm Temperate Rainforest, due to the floristic similarity and difficulty in interpretation,there will be occurrences of CH_RF12 (Escarpment Coachwood – Sassafras – Brush Box Warm TemperateRainforest) within mapped areas of CH_RF03 and occurrences of CH_RF03 within mapped areas of CH_RF12.EquivalentsBiometric: Coachwood - Soft Corkwood - Crabapple warm temperate rainforest of the North Coast (NR147)Other: R35 Coachwood (Fisher et al. 1996), Sub-alliance 35 (Floyd 1990)Page 16Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF03LocationsKnown in the upper reaches of the Nymboida River in Bindarri National Park.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 17

CH_RF03Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia maidenii 1 11% 1 14% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 2 78% 2 17% positiveAcmena smithii 1 67% 1 26% uninformativeAcradenia euodiiformis 3 67% 3 2% positiveAcronychia pubescens 1 11% 2 2% uninformativeAdiantum aethiopicum 1 11% 1 2% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 1 11% 2 8% uninformativeAdiantum silvaticum 2 22% 1 5% uninformativeAnopterus macleayanus 1 11% 2 3% uninformativeAraucaria cunninghamii 2 89% 1 4% positiveArchidendron grandiflorum 1 22% 1 3% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 11% 2 24% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 11% 1 32% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 22% 1 9% uninformativeAsplenium polyodon 1 11% 2 1% uninformativeAtractocarpus benthamianus 1 22% 2 7% uninformativeBackhousia myrtifolia 1 11% 2 2% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 1 44% 2 38% uninformativeBlechnum wattsii 1 33% 2 1% uninformativeBulbophyllum exiguum 1 11% 2 1% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 1 67% 2 13% uninformativeCaldcluvia paniculosa 1 11% 2 12% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 3 56% 2 17% positiveCarex longebrachiata 1 11% 2 0% uninformativeCephalaralia cephalobotrys 1 11% 1 5% uninformativeCeratopetalum apetalum 4 100% 3 9% positiveCinnamomum oliveri 2 22% 1 6% uninformativeCinnamomum virens 1 11% 1 1% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 11% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 11% 1 38% uninformativeCleistanthus cunninghamii 1 11% 1 1% uninformativeCordyline rubra 1 11% 1 1% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 33% 1 38% uninformativeCryptocarya dorrigoensis 1 11% 1 1% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 1 67% 2 16% uninformativeCryptocarya meissneriana 4 44% 3 2% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 11% 1 20% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 1 11% 2 27% uninformativeCyathea australis 1 11% 1 13% uninformativeCyathea leichhardtiana 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeDavallia solida var. pyxidata 1 11% 1 4% uninformativeDendrobium fairfaxii 1 11% 0 0% positiveDenhamia celastroides 1 67% 1 7% uninformativeDianella caerulea 2 44% 1 50% uninformativeDiploglottis cunninghamii 1 11% 1 4% uninformativeDoodia aspera 1 22% 2 15% uninformativeDoryphora sassafras 2 100% 2 6% positivePage 18Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF03Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classDrymophila moorei 2 33% 2 2% uninformativeElaeocarpus obovatus 1 11% 1 3% uninformativeElattostachys nervosa 1 11% 1 3% uninformativeEmbelia australiana 1 11% 1 11% uninformativeEndiandra discolor 1 22% 1 5% uninformativeEndiandra muelleri 1 22% 1 9% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 1 11% 3 18% uninformativeEuroschinus falcatus 1 11% 1 4% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 11% 1 30% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 11% 1 23% uninformativeGuilfoylia monostylis 1 11% 1 1% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 22% 1 28% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 67% 1 18% uninformativeHelicia glabriflora 1 11% 1 1% uninformativeLastreopsis decomposita 2 11% 2 6% uninformativeLastreopsis microsora subsp. microsora 2 11% 3 1% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 2 78% 1 12% positiveLitsea australis 1 11% 1 5% uninformativeLitsea reticulata 3 33% 2 7% uninformativeLobelia andrewsii 1 11% 1 0% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 11% 2 52% negativeLomandra spicata 1 44% 1 9% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 1 22% 2 32% uninformativeMelodinus australis 1 22% 1 3% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 56% 1 36% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 56% 1 15% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 11% 1 27% uninformativeNothofagus moorei 2 11% 3 1% uninformativeOrites excelsus 2 44% 2 5% uninformativePalmeria scandens 1 11% 1 10% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp. pandorana 1 11% 1 12% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 33% 1 27% uninformativePetermannia cirrosa 1 67% 1 5% uninformativePilidiostigma glabrum 1 22% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 1 89% 1 11% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 11% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 11% 1 10% uninformativePlanchonella australis 1 22% 1 5% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 44% 1 15% uninformativePlectorrhiza tridentata 1 11% 1 2% uninformativePolyosma cunninghamii 1 22% 2 5% uninformativePothos longipes 1 22% 2 5% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 1 11% 2 27% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 11% 1 14% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 11% 1 5% uninformativePyrrosia rupestris 2 11% 2 3% uninformativeQuintinia sieberi 1 22% 3 1% uninformativeRhodamnia argentea 1 11% 1 0% uninformativeRipogonum discolor 2 78% 2 9% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 19

CH_RF03Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classRipogonum elseyanum 2 33% 2 7% uninformativeRipogonum fawcettianum 2 78% 2 20% positiveRubus moluccanus var. trilobus 1 11% 1 4% uninformativeSarcomelicope simplicifolia subsp.1 11% 1 0% uninformativesimplicifoliaSarcopteryx stipata 2 66% 1 11% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 2 11% 1 12% uninformativeScolopia braunii 1 11% 1 6% uninformativeSloanea woollsii 1 11% 2 6% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 33% 1 45% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 22% 1 29% uninformativeSolanum inaequilaterum 1 11% 1 1% uninformativeStenocarpus salignus 1 56% 1 3% uninformativeStenocarpus sinuatus 1 11% 1 1% uninformativeStreptothamnus moorei 1 11% 1 0% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 56% 1 27% uninformativeTasmannia insipida 1 78% 1 10% uninformativeTetrastigma nitens 1 11% 1 3% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeTristaniopsis collina 4 22% 2 5% uninformativeTriunia youngiana 2 78% 1 4% positiveTrochocarpa laurina 1 33% 1 37% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 33% 1 28% uninformativePage 20Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

PLATEAU AND ESCARPMENT HOOP PINE DRY RAINFORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghammii) DryRainforest of steep slopes in the Little Nymboida River, Mt Coramba andWoolgoolga Creek areasSTATEWIDE CLASS Rainforests – Dry Rainforest (Keith 2006)CH_RF04PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Hoop Pine – Crows Ash – Silky Oak vinedry rainforest on well-drained fertile soils of the NSW North Coast andSouth Eastern Queensland Bioregions (NSW75-61)CH_RF04DescriptionHoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) often occurs as an emergent species. The canopy is dominated by Crabapple(Schizomeria ovata), Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus), Water Gum (Tristaniopsis laurina), Grey Myrtle (Backhousiamyrtifolia), Sassafras (Doryphora sassafras) and Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamii). In the mid layer SweetPittosporum (Pittosporum undulatum), Macleay Laurel (Anopterus macleayanus), Scentless Rosewood (Synoumglandulosum subsp. glandulosum), Python Tree (Gossia bidwillii), Silky Myrtle (Decaspermum humile) and Flintwood(Scolopia braunii) are the most common species. Gum Vine (Aphanopetalum resinosum) and Prickly Supplejack(Ripogonum discolour) are abundant climbers. Epiphytic herbs, ferns and orchids include Pink Rock Orchid(Dendrobium kingianum), Strap Fern (Cestichis reflexa) and Four-leaved Peperomia (Peperomia tetraphylla). Theground layer consists of Palm Lily (Cordyline congesta), Mat-rushes (Lomandra spicata, Lomandra longifolia), Gahniaaspera and Rasp Fern (Doodia aspera).A dry rainforest community which primarily occurs in steep sided valleys on exposed slopes with very shallowsoils derived from weathering of Carboniferous metasediments in the Bobo and Little Nymboida River region ofthe Local Government Area. There is an outlying occurrence near Woolgoolga that is placed in this mapping unitwhich requires further investigation.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 21

CH_RF04Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest No data No data Araucaria cunninghamii, Schizomeria ovata, Doryphora sassafras,Backhousia myrtifolia, Lophostemon confertus, Tristaniopsis laurina.Middle No data No data Pittosporum undulatum, Anopterus macleayanus, Synoumglandulosum subsp. glandulosum, Gossia bidwillii, Aphanopetalumresinosum, Decaspermum humile, Scolopia braunii, Wilkieahuegeliana, Arthropteris tenella, Dictymia brownii, Ripogonumdiscolor, Dendrobium kingianum, Cestichis reflexa.Lower No data No data Cordyline stricta, Lomandra longifolia, Lomandra spicata, Doodiaaspera, Peperomia tetraphylla.Data collated from 2 of 2 full floristic sitesSpecies richnessNumber of plots 2Total species 137Average number of species 79 ±19.8Conservation statusThe vegetation community is reserved in Sherwood Nature Reserve (1ha)TenureArea (ha)Freehold 8Nature Reserve 1NSW State Forest 46TOTAL 54Endangered Ecological Community: Lowland Rainforest in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin bioregions EECThreatened and Rare plants:Niemeyera whitei, Sarcochilus hartmanniiRelationship to other communitiesRelated to other rainforest types which share in common the presence of Hoop Pine, in particular CH_WSF15(Steel Box Brown Myrtle Wet Sclerophyll Forest) and CH_RF03 (Plateau and Escarpment Coachwood SassafrasWarm Temperate Rainforest).EquivalentsBiometric: Hoop Pine - Yellow Tulipwood dry rainforest of the North Coast (NR179)Other: Sub-alliance 21 (Floyd 1990)LocationsKnown examples include the Junction of the Little Nymboida and Bobo Rivers, Sherwood Nature Reserve and Mt.Coramba.Page 22Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF04Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcmena smithii 3 100% 1 26% positiveAcronychia oblongifolia 2 50% 1 4% positiveAdiantum hispidulum 2 50% 1 8% positiveAkania bidwillii 3 50% 1 2% positiveAlectryon subcinereus 1 50% 1 2% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 2 50% 1 18% positiveAnopterus macleayanus 3 100% 2 3% positiveAphanopetalum resinosum 4 50% 2 1% positiveAraucaria cunninghamii 4 50% 1 6% positiveArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 50% 2 23% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 2 50% 1 32% positiveArthropteris tenella 4 100% 1 1% positiveAsplenium attenuatum var.2 50% 1 0% positiveattenuatumAsplenium australasicum 1 50% 1 9% uninformativeAsplenium flabellifolium 2 50% 0 0% positiveAsplenium polyodon 2 50% 1 1% positiveAtractocarpus benthamianus 2 50% 2 7% positiveBackhousia myrtifolia 3 50% 1 2% positiveBaloghia inophylla 4 50% 2 2% positiveBeilschmiedia elliptica 2 50% 1 2% positiveBlechnum patersonii 3 50% 2 2% positiveBrachychiton acerifolius 2 50% 1 1% positiveBulbophyllum exiguum 3 50% 2 1% positiveBulbophyllum shepherdii 2 50% 0 0% positiveCalamus muelleri 3 50% 2 14% positiveCaldcluvia paniculosa 2 100% 2 12% positiveCallicoma serratifolia 1 50% 2 17% uninformativeCapparis arborea 3 50% 1 1% positiveCayratia clematidea 1 50% 1 7% uninformativeCelastrus subspicata 2 50% 1 4% positiveCephalomanes caudatum 2 50% 2 1% positiveCeratopetalum apetalum 2 100% 3 10% positiveCestichis reflexa 3 50% 0 0% positiveCinnamomum oliveri 3 50% 1 6% positiveCissus antarctica 3 50% 1 19% positiveCissus hypoglauca 3 50% 1 38% positiveCitronella moorei 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeClaoxylon australe 3 50% 1 6% positiveCordyline stricta 4 100% 1 38% positiveCryptocarya microneura 1 50% 1 20% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 3 50% 2 27% positiveCuttsia viburnea 2 100% 2 2% positiveCyathea leichhardtiana 2 50% 1 10% positiveCyclophyllum longipetalum 1 50% 1 5% uninformativeCyperus filipes 2 50% 1 3% positiveDavallia solida var. pyxidata 2 50% 1 4% positiveDecaspermum humile 4 50% 2 0% positiveDendrobium gracilicaule 1 50% 2 1% uninformativeDendrobium kingianum 4 50% 2 0% positiveDendrobium speciosum 1 50% 0 0% positiveDendrobium tetragonum 2 50% 1 1% positiveDendrocnide excelsa 1 50% 2 0% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 23

CH_RF04Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classDendrocnide photinophylla 3 50% 2 1% positiveDerris involuta 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeDianella caerulea 2 100% 1 50% positiveDictymia brownii 3 50% 1 1% positiveDioscorea transversa 2 50% 1 28% positiveDiospyros australis 2 100% 2 1% positiveDiospyros pentamera 2 50% 2 6% positiveDiploglottis cunninghamii 2 50% 1 4% positiveDoodia aspera 3 50% 2 15% positiveDoryphora sassafras 4 50% 2 7% positiveDrypetes deplanchei 2 50% 1 4% positiveDysoxylum fraserianum 1 50% 2 1% uninformativeDysoxylum rufum 2 50% 1 2% positiveEhretia acuminata var. acuminata 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeElaeocarpus obovatus 2 50% 1 3% positiveElattostachys nervosa 3 50% 1 3% positiveEmbelia australiana 2 50% 1 11% positiveEndiandra crassiflora 1 50% 1 2% uninformativeEndiandra muelleri 1 50% 1 9% uninformativeEuroschinus falcatus 1 50% 1 4% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 50% 1 13% uninformativeFicus watkinsiana 2 50% 1 4% positiveFlagellaria indica 2 50% 1 4% positiveGahnia aspera 4 50% 1 14% positiveGeissois benthamiana 3 50% 1 2% positiveGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 50% 1 13% uninformativeGossia bidwillii 3 50% 3 0% positiveGuioa semiglauca 4 50% 1 28% positiveGymnostachys anceps 3 100% 1 19% positiveHelicia glabriflora 2 50% 1 1% positiveHeritiera actinophylla 3 50% 2 3% positiveHeritiera trifoliolata 3 50% 3 2% positiveHymenosporum flavum 2 50% 1 2% positiveJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 50% 1 11% uninformativeLastreopsis microsora subsp. microsora 4 50% 2 1% positiveLinospadix monostachya 3 100% 1 13% positiveLitsea reticulata 2 100% 2 7% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeLophostemon confertus 3 50% 2 31% positiveMyrsine variabilis 3 50% 1 16% positiveNeolitsea australiensis 3 50% 1 0% positiveNiemeyera whitei 3 50% 1 5% positiveNotelaea longifolia 2 50% 1 27% positiveOrites excelsus 4 50% 2 6% positivePalmeria scandens 1 50% 1 9% uninformativePellaea falcata 3 50% 1 1% positivePeperomia tetraphylla 3 50% 0 0% positivePittosporum multiflorum 3 100% 1 12% positivePittosporum undulatum 3 50% 1 10% positivePage 24Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF04Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPlanchonella australis 2 50% 1 5% positivePlatycerium bifurcatum 3 50% 1 16% positivePlectorrhiza tridentata 1 50% 1 2% uninformativePolyosma cunninghamii 1 50% 2 5% uninformativePolyscias elegans 2 50% 1 4% positivePothos longipes 2 50% 2 5% positivePyrrosia rupestris 2 50% 2 3% positiveQuintinia sieberi 3 100% 1 1% positiveQuintinia verdonii 3 100% 1 6% positiveRhodamnia argentea 1 50% 1 0% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 3 50% 1 16% positiveRhysotoechia bifoliolata subsp.2 50% 0 0% positivebifoliolataRipogonum discolor 3 100% 2 10% positiveRipogonum fawcettianum 2 100% 2 21% positiveRubus moorei 2 50% 1 3% positiveRubus rosifolius 2 50% 2 4% positiveSarcochilus hartmannii 2 50% 0 0% positiveSarcomelicope simplicifolia subsp.1 50% 1 0% uninformativesimplicifoliaSarcopetalum harveyanum 2 50% 1 9% positiveSarcopteryx stipata 4 100% 1 11% positiveSchizomeria ovata 3 100% 1 12% positiveScolopia braunii 3 50% 1 6% positiveSloanea australis 1 50% 3 5% uninformativeSloanea woollsii 2 50% 1 6% positiveSmilax australis 2 100% 1 44% positiveStenocarpus salignus 1 50% 1 4% uninformativeStenocarpus sinuatus 2 100% 1 1% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.4 100% 2 34% positiveglandulosumSyzygium corynanthum 2 50% 3 0% positiveSyzygium oleosum 3 50% 1 6% positiveTasmannia insipida 1 50% 1 12% uninformativeTetrastigma nitens 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeTristaniopsis laurina 3 50% 2 3% positiveTrochocarpa laurina 2 50% 1 37% positiveTrophis scandens subsp. scandens 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 4 50% 1 28% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 25

CH_RF05FOOTHILLS BROWN MYRTLE DRY RAINFORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Brown Myrtle (Choricarpia leptopetala) DryRainforest of creeklines and sheltered slopes of the Bagawa Range andMadman’s CreekSTATEWIDE CLASS Rainforests – Dry Rainforest (Keith 2006)CH_RF05PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Brown Myrtle Dry Rainforest of theCoffs Harbour escarpment foothills, New South Wales Coast North CoastBioregion (NSW999-732)DescriptionThis is a dry rainforest community with a dense layer of Brown Myrtle (Choricarpia leptopetala), emergent HoopPine (Araucaria cunninghamiana) and sometimes Steel Box (Eucalyptus rummeryi), Flooded Gum (Eucalyptusgrandis), Spotted Gum (Corymbia variegata) and Small-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua). Other commontree and shrub species recorded in this community include: Yellow Tulipwood (Drypetes deplanchei), Brush Box(Lophostemon confertus), Brush Bloodwood (Baloghia inophylla), Black Apple (Planchonella australis), Python Tree(Gossia bidwilli), Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana) and Black Plum (Diospyros australis). There isa lower layer of Palm Lily (Cordyline stricta, Cordyline petiolaris), Scrub Myrtle (Rhodamnia rubescens) and OrangeThorn (Pittosporum multiflorum). The climber Sweet Morninda (Morinda jasminoides) is also common. Epiphyticplants such as White Feather Orchid (Dendrobium aemulum), Dendrobium gracicaule and Rock Felt Fern (Pyrossiarupestris) may occur. There is a sparse ground layer of Rasp Fern (Doodia aspera), Sickle Fern (Pellaea paradoxa),Rough Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum hispidulum) and Rough Saw Sedge (Gahnia aspera). Along riparian areas andlower clopes in Madman’s Creek, Floyd (1990) records areas of rainforest dominated by White Booyong (Heritieriatrifoliata), Water Gum (Syzgium francisii) and Strangling Fig (Ficus watkinsiana).This community occurs in sheltered mid to lower slopes and gullies in steep hilly terrain north-west of CoffsHarbour in the Madman’s Creek area and also along the Bagawa Range on the lower Orara Escarpment. It occurson moderately to well drained soils derived from congolmerates of the Bundamba group and metasediments ofthe Coffs Harbour Association.Page 26Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF05Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesEmergent No data No data Eucalyptus rummeryi, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus propinqua,Araucaria cunninghamiana.Tallest No data No data Choricarpia leptopetala, Drypetes deplanchei, Lophostemonconfertus, Baloghia inophylla, Planchonella australis, Gossiabidwilli, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, Diospyros australis.Middle No data No data Cordyline stricta, Cordyline petiolaris, Rhodamnia rubescens,Pittosporum multiflorum, Morinda jasminoides, Dendrobiumaemulum, Dendrobium gracicaule, Pyrossia rupestris.Lower No data No data Doodia aspera, Pellaea paradoxa, Adiantum hispidulum, Gahniaaspera.Data collated from Floyds (1990) description of sub-alliance 21Structural and floristic variationsAlong creek lines Hoop Pine (Araucaria cunninghamiana), Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana),and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) are more abundant and form a riparian variant of this community. BrownMyrtle (Choricarpia leptopetala) is uncommon to absent along the creeklines and increases in abundance on thesteeper stonier slopes.Species richnessNumber of plotsTotal speciesAverage number of speciesnilno datano dataConservation statusThis community is reserved in Madman’s Creek Flora Reserve (12ha).TenureArea (ha)Freehold 33NSW State Forest 293NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 13TOTAL 340Endangered Ecological Community: Lowland Rainforest in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin bioregions EECThreatened and Rare plants:Eucalyptus rummeryiRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_WSF15 (Steel Box Brown Myrtle Wet Sclerophyll Forest) and transitions to this community upslopeand with increasing density of some canopy species such as Steel Box (Eucalyptus rummeryi), Small-fruited GreyGum (Eucalyptus propinqua) and Northern Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia).EquivalentsBiometric: Shatterwood - Giant Stinging Tree - Yellow Tulipwood dry rainforest of the North Coast (NR229)Other: Sub-alliance 27 (Floyd, 1990). Sub-alliance 21 (Floyd, 1990)Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 27

CH_RF05LocationsKnown examples include Madman’s Creek, Wedding Bells State Forest, Conglomerate State Forest, TallawudjahCreek, Red, White and Blue Creek, Coldwater Creek, Bagawa State Forest and Bagawa Creek.Page 28Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

ESCARPMENT GREY MYRTLE - BRUSH BOX DRY RAINFORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Escarpment Grey Myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia) –Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) Dry RainforestSTATEWIDE CLASS Rainforests – Dry Rainforest (Keith 2006)CH_RF06PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Brush Box – Grey Myrtle – Water Gumdry rainforests of poorer soils of gorges and river valleys, NSW NorthCoast Bioregion and South Eastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW75-23)CH_RF06DescriptionA dry rainforest in which the canopy is dominated by Grey Myrtle (Backhousia myrtifolia) with emergent Brush Box(Lophostemon confertus). Mid stratum species are mostly Prickly Alyxia (Alyxia ruscifolia), Grey Myrtle (Backhousiamyrtifolia), Water Gum (Tristaniopsis laurina), Tree Heath (Trochocarpa laurina) and Palm Lily (Cordyline stricta).Orchids and ferns are often common growing on rocks including Cestichis and Dendrobium spp. The succulentleaved vine (Hoya australis) is common. Ground layer species are Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia),rasp Fern (Doodia aspera) and Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum). The community generally grows below 200metres altitude in sheltered locations on steep rocky slopes or rocky boulder strewn creek beds derived frommetasediments of the Coramba Beds and conglomerates of the Bundamba Group. It is often associated with theSuicide soil landscape.The community is located in protected drier narrow gullies and watercourses in the Nana Creek and coast rangein Conglomerate State Forest.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 29

CH_RF06Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesEmergent 20-25 Lophostemon confertus.Middle 1 2-10 65 Backhousia myrtifolia, Tristaniopsis laurina, Trochocarpa laurina,Alyxia ruscifolia, Westringia amabilis, Choricarpia leptopetala.Middle 2 No data No data Cordyline stricta.Lower 0-1 Lomandra longifolia, Doodia aspera, Doodia caudata, Lepidospermalaterale, Hoya australis, Blechnum cartilagineum.Data collated from 1 rapid data point and information from Floyd (1990)Species richnessNumber of plotsTotal speciesAverage number of speciesno datano datano dataConservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (2 ha) and Sherwood Nature Reserve (3 ha).TenureArea (ha)Freehold 6National Park 2Nature Reserve 3NSW State Forest 65TOTAL 76Endangered Ecological Community: Lowland Rainforest in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin bioregions EEC .Threatened and Rare plants:Belvisia mucronata subsp. mucronataRelationship to other communitiesOften grading upslope to dry sclerophyll communities such as CH_WSF17 (Foothills Turpentine – Grey Gum- Ironbark Moist Shrubby Forest), CH_WSF11 (Foothills Spotted Gum - Mahogany - Grey Gum Wet ShrubbyForest), CH_DOF02 (Sandstone Bloodwood - Needlebark - Stringybark Heathy Forest) and CH_DOF01 (Coast andEscarpment Blackbutt Dry Forest). More fertile and moist rainforest gullies in the area will generally be CH_RF11(Escarpment and Lowland Bangalow - Carabeen Black Booyong Palm Gully Rainforest).EquivalentsBiometric: Shatterwood - Giant Stinging Tree - Yellow Tulipwood dry rainforest of the North Coast (NR229)LocationsKnown examples include Nana Creek and Bagawa State Forest. It is also found in scattered localities on steeprocky slopes and gullies on the northern slopes at Mt Coramba, on the southern fall of the Coast Range inConglomerate State Forest, Wedding Bells State Forest and Sherwood Nature Reserve.Page 30Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_RF07COASTAL EXPOSED DUNE LITTORAL RAINFORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides) – Corkwood(Endiandra sieberi) – Beach Bird’s Eye (Alectryon coriaceus) LittoralRainforestSTATEWIDE CLASS Rainforests – Littoral Rainforest (Keith 2006)CH_RF07PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Tuckeroo – Bird’s Eye Alectryon – BeachAcronychia Littoral Rainforests of the NSW North Coast and South EasternQueensland Bioregions (NSW75-49)DescriptionGrowing in exposed localities adjacent to the ocean on Holocene dunes and meta-sedimentary headlands fromDolman’s Point north to Red Rock. This community sometimes occurs with emergent Pink Bloodwood (Corymbiaintermedia) and Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)and Rusty Fig (Ficus rubiginosa). The tallest layer includes Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), Beach Apple(Acronychia imperforata), Beach Bird’s eye (Alectryon coriaceus) and Corkwood (Endiandra sieberi). The climbingplants Sweet Morinda (Morinda jasminoides) and Long-leaved Water Vine (Cissus sterculiifolia) are abundant inthe lower and mid layers of the forest. A sparse to dense mid layer is present which consists of Beach Apple(Acronychia imperforata) Blue Lilly Pilly (Syzygium oleosum) and Guioa (Guioa semiglauca). The lower layer issparse to dense and comprises Saw Sedge (Gahnia clarkei) Sickle Fern (Pellaea nana), Lomandra spicata, Ottochloagracillima and Native Violet (Viola banksii).Page 32Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesEmergent 12-15 5 Melaleuca quinquenervia, Ficus rubiginosa, Corymbia intermedia,Eucalyptus robusta.Tallest 4-18 65-80 Cupaniopsis anacardioides, Endiandra sieberi, Syzygium oleosum,Guioa semiglauca, Notelaea longifolia, Acronychia imperforata,Alectryon coriaceus, Drypetes deplanchei.Middle 0.5-6 10-70 Syzygium oleosum, Trochocarpa laurina, Acronychia imperforata.Lower layer 0-1.5 10-70 Gahnia clarkei, Pellaea nana, Morinda jasminoides Cordyline stricta.Data collated from 4 of 4 full floristic sitesExoticsCH_RF07Asparagus aethiopicus, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata, Citrus x taitensis, Lantanacamara, Senna pendulaSpecies richnessNumber of plots 4Total native species 91Average number of species 38 ±5Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (

CH_RF07Page 34Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF07Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longissima 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 25% 1 26% uninformativeAcronychia imperforata 1 50% 1 4% uninformativeAlectryon coriaceus 2 75% 2 2% positiveAlectryon subcinereus 1 25% 1 2% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 2 25% 1 18% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 75% 1 31% uninformativeArytera divaricata 3 25% 1 1% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 25% 1 9% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 1 25% 1 8% uninformativeBreynia oblongifolia 1 100% 1 29% uninformativeCalanthe triplicata 1 75% 1 3% uninformativeCasuarina glauca 1 25% 3 7% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 25% 1 8% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 50% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 50% 1 38% uninformativeCissus sterculiifolia 2 50% 1 6% positiveClerodendrum floribundum var.1 50% 1 9% uninformativefloribundumCommelina cyanea 1 25% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 75% 1 38% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 2 25% 2 20% uninformativeCryptocarya triplinervis 1 75% 1 3% uninformativeCupaniopsis anacardioides 3 75% 1 10% positiveCyclophyllum longipetalum 3 50% 1 5% positiveCyperus gracilis 1 75% 2 0% uninformativeDavallia solida var. pyxidata 2 25% 1 4% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 25% 1 51% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 25% 1 28% uninformativeDiospyros pentamera 2 25% 2 6% uninformativeDrypetes deplanchei 3 50% 1 4% positiveElaeocarpus obovatus 3 25% 1 3% uninformativeElaeodendron australe var. australe 2 25% 1 3% uninformativeEndiandra discolor 2 25% 1 5% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 3 75% 1 9% positiveEucalyptus robusta 2 25% 2 7% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 2 25% 1 14% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 75% 1 29% uninformativeFicus rubiginosa 1 25% 0 0% positiveFlagellaria indica 2 25% 1 4% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 25% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 3 75% 2 13% positiveGeitonoplesium cymosum 2 25% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 25% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 25% 1 12% uninformativeGrammitis billardierei 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 2 75% 1 28% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 35

CH_RF07Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classHibbertia scandens 1 25% 1 32% uninformativeHymenosporum flavum 1 25% 1 2% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 25% 2 32% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 2 50% 1 11% positiveLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 25% 1 19% uninformativeLeucopogon margarodes 1 25% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 3 25% 2 52% negativeLomandra spicata 3 25% 1 9% uninformativeLophostemon suaveolens 2 25% 2 9% uninformativeMaclura cochinchinensis 1 25% 1 7% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 2 50% 1 8% positiveMelaleuca quinquenervia 2 75% 2 12% positiveMischocarpus pyriformis 1 25% 2 4% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 3 50% 1 36% positiveMyrsine variabilis 1 75% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 2 100% 1 26% positiveOphioglossum pendulum 2 25% 1 1% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 25% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 2 50% 2 22% positiveOttochloa gracillima 1 25% 2 10% uninformativePellaea nana 2 25% 0 0% positivePittosporum revolutum 1 25% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 2 25% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 2 75% 1 15% positivePratia purpurascens 1 25% 1 23% uninformativePsilotum nudum 1 25% 1 2% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 2 100% 1 13% positivePteridium esculentum 1 25% 2 32% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 25% 1 5% uninformativePyrrosia rupestris 1 25% 2 3% uninformativeRipogonum album 3 25% 2 6% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 2 25% 1 9% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 1 25% 1 12% uninformativeScolopia braunii 1 50% 1 6% uninformativeSmilax australis 2 100% 1 44% positiveSmilax glyciphylla 1 50% 1 28% uninformativeSyzygium australe 1 50% 1 6% uninformativeSyzygium luehmannii 1 50% 2 4% uninformativeSyzygium oleosum 2 75% 1 6% positiveTriunia youngiana 1 25% 1 5% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 2 75% 1 37% positiveVernonia cinerea 1 25% 1 11% uninformativeViola banksii 1 75% 1 15% uninformativeWikstroemia indica 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 25% 1 28% uninformativePage 36Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

HEADLAND BRUSH BOX LITTORAL RAINFORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Headland Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus)Littoral RainforestSTATEWIDE CLASS Rainforests – Littoral Rainforest (Keith 2006)CH_RF08PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Brush Box headland littoral rainforest,NSW North Coast Bioregion and the South Eastern Queensland Bioregion(NSW700-411)CH_RF08DescriptionA Brushbox (Lophostemon confertus) dominant closed forest growing on meta-sedimentary headlands and/orintermediate sheltered aspects on sediments and foot slopes of coastal barrier sands. Emergent Pink Bloodwood(Corymbia intermedia) is sometimes present. There is a mid layer of Scentless Rosewood (Synoum glandulosumsubsp. glandulosum), Cheese Tree (Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi), Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides),Guioa (Guioa semiglauca) and Red Bean (Dysoxylum mollissimum subsp. molle). A sparse lower layer of Palm Lily(Cordyline stricta), Native Ginger (Alpinia caerulea) and Hairy Psychotria (Psychotria loniceroides) occurs. Thereis a ground layer of Rasp Fern (Doodia aspera), Pastel Flower (Pseuderanthemum variabile) and Basket Grass(Oplismenus aemulus).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 37

CH_RF08Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 2-25 55-75 Lophostemon confertus, Dysoxylum mollissimum subsp. molle.Middle 2-8 40-70 Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum, Glochidion ferdinandivar. ferdinandi, Cupaniopsis anacardioides, Guioa semiglauca.Lower 1 1-3 10-30 Cordyline stricta, Alpinia caerulea, Psychotria loniceroides.Lower 2 0-1 5-25 Doodia aspera, Pseuderanthemum variabile, Oplismenus aemulus.* Data collected from 4 of 6 full floristic sitesExoticsAgeratina adenophora, Asparagus aethiopicus, Bidens pilosa, Chrysanthemoides moniliferasubsp. rotundata, Cinnamomum camphora, Gloriosa superba, Gomphocarpus fruticosus, Lantana camara, Ochnaserrulata, Passiflora suberosa, Senna pendula, Senna septemtrionalis, Solanum mauritianumSpecies richnessNumber of plots 6Total species 143Average number of species 51 ±18.6Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (6ha) and Coffs Coast Regional Park (10ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 12Freehold 15National Park 6Regional Park 10TOTAL 42Endangered Ecological Community: Littoral Rainforest in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Cornerbioregions EECThreatened and Rare plants: Acianthella amplexicaulisRelationship to other communitiesThis community is related to both CH_WSF14 (Forest Red Gum on Headlands) and CH_RF07 (Coastal ExposedDune Littoral Rainforest). The clear dominance of Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) in the canopy is a distinctivefeature of this community.EquivalentsBiometric: Brush Box - Tuckeroo littoral rainforest on coastal headlands of the North Coast (NR 142)Other: Sub-alliance 18 (Floyd, 1990)LocationsKnown examples include Dolmam’s Point, Sawtell Headland, Beacon Hill, Korora, Sapphire Headland and GreenBluff.Page 38Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_RF08Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longifolia 2 17% 1 6% uninformativeAcacia longissima 2 17% 1 1% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 17% 1 14% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 2 17% 2 19% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 33% 1 26% uninformativeAcronychia imperforata 2 33% 1 4% uninformativeAcronychia oblongifolia 2 17% 1 4% uninformativeAdiantum formosum 1 17% 2 2% uninformativeAlectryon coriaceus 2 17% 2 3% uninformativeAlocasia brisbanensis 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 2 83% 1 17% positiveArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 33% 1 32% uninformativeArytera divaricata 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeAustrosteenisia blackii var. blackii 1 67% 1 1% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 2 50% 1 7% positiveBlechnum cartilagineum 2 50% 2 38% positiveBlechnum indicum 1 17% 1 2% uninformativeBreynia oblongifolia 1 50% 1 29% uninformativeBrunoniella australis 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 1 67% 2 13% uninformativeCalanthe triplicata 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeCallicarpa pedunculata 1 17% 0 0% positiveCallistemon salignus 1 17% 3 13% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 2 33% 2 27% uninformativeCasuarina glauca 3 33% 3 7% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 33% 1 7% uninformativeCelastrus subspicata 1 17% 1 4% uninformativeCephalaralia cephalobotrys 2 33% 1 5% uninformativeCissus antarctica 2 67% 1 18% positiveCissus hypoglauca 1 50% 1 38% uninformativeCissus sterculiifolia 3 33% 1 6% uninformativeClaoxylon australe 3 33% 1 6% uninformativeClematis aristata 1 17% 1 11% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 67% 1 9% uninformativefloribundumCommelina cyanea 2 17% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline petiolaris 1 17% 1 4% uninformativeCordyline stricta 2 83% 1 38% positiveCorymbia intermedia 1 50% 2 20% uninformativeCrinum pedunculatum 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 17% 1 20% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 1 17% 2 27% uninformativeCryptocarya triplinervis 2 50% 1 3% positiveCupaniopsis anacardioides 2 83% 1 10% positiveCuttsia viburnea 1 17% 2 2% uninformativeCyathea australis 2 17% 1 13% uninformativePage 40Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF08Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classCyathea cooperi 1 17% 0 0% positiveCyclophyllum longipetalum 1 17% 1 5% uninformativeCymbidium madidum 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeDendrobium aemulum 2 17% 2 1% uninformativeDesmodium varians 1 17% 1 6% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 67% 1 50% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 67% 1 27% uninformativeDiospyros australis 2 17% 2 1% uninformativeDiospyros pentamera 1 17% 2 6% uninformativeDoodia aspera 2 50% 2 15% positiveDoodia caudata 3 17% 1 1% uninformativeDysoxylum mollissimum subsp. molle 1 50% 3 2% uninformativeElaeocarpus obovatus 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeElaeodendron australe var. australe 2 50% 1 3% positiveEmbelia australiana 1 33% 1 11% uninformativeEndiandra discolor 1 17% 1 5% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 3 17% 1 10% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 2 17% 3 35% uninformativeEucalyptus robusta 1 17% 2 7% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 1 50% 1 14% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 83% 1 29% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 67% 1 12% uninformativeFicus obliqua var. obliqua 1 33% 1 0% uninformativeFicus watkinsiana 1 33% 2 4% uninformativeFlagellaria indica 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 67% 1 13% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 1 17% 2 14% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 67% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 3 33% 1 13% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 3 100% 1 27% positiveGymnostachys anceps 2 33% 1 19% uninformativeHarpullia hillii 2 33% 0 0% positiveHelicia glabriflora 1 17% 1 1% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 33% 1 32% uninformativeHomalanthus populifolius 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 17% 2 32% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 17% 1 11% uninformativeLitsea australis 1 17% 1 5% uninformativeLivistona australis 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeLobelia trigonocaulis 1 33% 1 6% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 33% 2 52% negativeLomandra spicata 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 4 100% 2 30% positiveMaclura cochinchinensis 1 83% 1 6% uninformativeMallotus discolor 1 17% 1 0% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 1 33% 1 8% uninformativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 2 17% 2 12% uninformativeMischocarpus pyriformis 2 17% 2 4% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 41

CH_RF08Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classMorinda jasminoides 2 83% 1 36% positiveMucuna gigantea subsp. gigantea 1 17% 1 0% uninformativeMyrsine howittiana 1 17% 1 2% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 50% 1 16% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 17% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 83% 1 26% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 1 33% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 1 67% 2 21% uninformativePararchidendron pruinosum var.1 17% 1 1% uninformativepruinosumParsonsia straminea 1 17% 1 28% uninformativePassiflora herbertiana subsp.1 17% 1 1% uninformativeherbertianaPellaea falcata 1 17% 3 1% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 2 33% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 2 67% 1 12% positivePittosporum undulatum 1 17% 1 10% uninformativePlanchonella australis 1 17% 1 5% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 2 33% 1 16% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 1 17% 1 5% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 2 17% 1 16% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 17% 1 23% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 1 33% 2 27% uninformativePsilotum nudum 1 17% 1 2% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 3 67% 1 13% positivePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 17% 1 5% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 1 33% 1 16% uninformativeRhodomyrtus psidioides 3 17% 1 4% uninformativeRipogonum album 3 17% 2 6% uninformativeRipogonum discolor 1 17% 2 11% uninformativeRubus moluccanus var. trilobus 1 17% 1 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 17% 1 9% uninformativeScolopia braunii 1 50% 1 5% uninformativeSmilax australis 2 100% 1 44% positiveSmilax glyciphylla 1 33% 1 29% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 83% 1 21% uninformativeSticherus lobatus 1 17% 1 1% uninformativeSynoum glandulosum subsp.3 83% 2 34% positiveglandulosumSyzygium australe 1 67% 1 5% uninformativeSyzygium francisii 1 17% 2 0% uninformativeSyzygium luehmannii 2 33% 1 4% uninformativeSyzygium oleosum 1 33% 1 6% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 50% 1 27% uninformativeTetrastigma nitens 3 17% 1 3% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 50% 1 9% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 2 33% 1 37% uninformativeTrophis scandens subsp. scandens 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeViola banksii 1 33% 1 16% uninformativeWilkiea austroqueenslandica 3 33% 1 0% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 50% 1 28% uninformativePage 42Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

HINTERLAND WHITE BOOYONG FLOODPLAIN RAINFORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME White Booyong (Heritiera trifoliolata) – MaidensBlush (Sloanea australis) Subtropical Rainforest on floodplainsSTATEWIDE CLASS Rainforests – Subtropical Rainforest (Keith 2006)CH_RF09PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Maiden’s Blush – White Booyong –Yellow Pear Fruit subtropical rainforest with Bangalow Palm understoreyof the Coffs Coast, NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-445)CH_RF09DescriptionA subtropical rainforest community that is found in alluvial sediments along the floodplain of coastal creeks.The remaining remnants of this community are important examples of floodplain rainforest, much ofwhich has been lost to clearing. The main canopy species include Maiden’s Blush (Sloanea australis), WhiteBooyong (Heritiera trifoliolata), Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana) and Pear-fruited Tamarind(Mischocarpus pyriformis subsp. pyriformis). Co-occurring species are Bolly Gum (Litsea reticulata), Oliver’s Sassafras(Cinnamomum oliveri), Jackwood (Cryptocarya glaucescens), Native Tamarind (Diploglottis cunninghamii) and avery occasional Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis). A diversity of other trees not recorded in floristic samplinginclude White Beech (Gmelina leichhardtii), Yellow Carabeen (Sloanea woollsii), Ringwood (Anetholea anisata),Blue Quandong (Elaeocarpus grandis) and Turnipwood (Akania bidwillii). Smaller trees include White Bolly Gum(Neolitsea dealbata), Creek Sandpaper Fig (Ficus coronata) and Native Gardenia (Atractocarpus benthamianus).Pothos (Pothos longipes) and (Microsorum scandens) can occur climbing on the smooth buttressed trunks ofrainforest trees. Shrubs include Walking Stick Palm (Linospadix monostachya), Brush Pepperbush (Tasmanniainsipida) and Hairy Pittosporum (Pittosporum revolutum). Vines include Pepper Vine (Piper hederaceum var.hederaceum), White Supple-jack (Ripogonum album), Embelia australiana and Burny Vine (Trophis scandens). Theground-layer includes Maidenhair Fern (Adiantum silvaticum), Strap Water Fern (Blechnum patersonii), Spiky MatRush (Lomandra hystrix) and Native Ginger (Alpinia caerulea).Restricted occurrences within the LGA on alluvial flats.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 43

CH_RF09Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover Dominant SpeciesTallest 15 - 40 60 - 70 Sloanea australis, Heritiera trifoliolata, Mischocarpus pyriformissubsp. pyriformis, Litsea reticulata, Cryptocarya glaucescens,Diploglottis cunninghamii.Middle 5 - 20 25 - 35 Neolitsea dealbata, Jagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus Ficuscoronata, Atractocarpus benthamianus, Pothos longipes,Microsorum scandens.Lower layer 2 1.5 - 4 15 - 45 Linospadix monostachya, Tasmannia insipida, Pittosporumrevolutum, Piper hederaceum var. hederaceum, Ripogonumalbum, Trophis scandens.Lower layer 1 0 - 1 15 - 20 Adiantum silvaticum, Blechnum patersonii, Lomandra hystrix,Alpinia caerulea.* Data collated from 3 of 3 full floristic sitesSpecies richnessNumber of plots 3Total species 73Average number of species 34 ±5.5Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (10ha), Coramba Nature Reserve (9ha) and SherwoodNature Reserve (5a)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 1Freehold 12National Park 10Nature Reserve 16NSW State Forest 4TOTAL 44Endangered Ecological Community: Lowland Rainforest on Floodplain in the New South Wales North CoastBioregion EECThreatened and Rare plants:Bosistoa floydii, Anetholea anisataRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_RF11 (Escarpment and Lowland Bangalow – Carabeen – Black Booyong Palm Gully Rainforest)however CH_RF09 is highly restricted and occurs only on the alluvial floodplains along riparian corridors.EquivalentsBiometric: White Booyong - Fig subtropical rainforest of the North Coast (NR208)LocationsKnown examples include along Pine Creek in Bongil Bongil National Park, Orara River in Coramba Nature Reserveand Woolgoolga Creek in Sherwood Nature Reserve.Page 44Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_RF09Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcmena smithii 1 33% 1 26% uninformativeAdiantum formosum 4 33% 1 2% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 3 33% 1 14% uninformativeArchontophoenix3 67% 1 32% positivecunninghamianaAsplenium australasicum 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeBeilschmiedia elliptica 1 33% 2 2% uninformativeBlechnum patersonii 1 33% 3 2% uninformativeBosistoa floydii 1 33% 3 0% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 4 67% 2 14% positiveCephalaralia cephalobotrys 2 67% 1 5% positiveCinnamomum oliveri 1 33% 1 6% uninformativeCissus antarctica 2 67% 1 19% positiveCissus sterculiifolia 1 33% 1 6% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 67% 1 38% uninformativeCroton verreauxii 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 67% 1 20% uninformativeCryptocarya obovata 3 33% 1 3% uninformativeDaphnandra apatela 1 33% 3 0% uninformativeDendrocnide excelsa 1 33% 2 0% uninformativeDiploglottis cunninghamii 3 33% 1 4% uninformativeDoodia caudata 1 33% 2 1% uninformativeDoryphora sassafras 3 67% 2 7% positiveDrypetes deplanchei 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeEhretia acuminata var. acuminata 3 33% 1 1% uninformativeElattostachys nervosa 1 33% 1 3% uninformativeEmbelia australiana 2 67% 1 11% positiveFicus coronata 1 33% 1 13% uninformativeFicus watkinsiana 2 33% 1 4% uninformativeFlagellaria indica 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 33% 1 28% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 67% 1 19% uninformativeHeritiera actinophylla 3 33% 2 3% uninformativeHeritiera trifoliolata 3 100% 3 1% positiveJagera pseudorhus var.3 67% 1 11% positivepseudorhusLastreopsis decomposita 2 33% 2 6% uninformativeLastreopsis microsora subsp.3 33% 2 1% uninformativemicrosoraLegnephora moorei 2 33% 2 1% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 2 33% 1 13% uninformativeLitsea reticulata 1 33% 2 7% uninformativeLomandra hystrix 3 67% 2 2% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeLygodium microphyllum 2 67% 3 0% positiveMaclura cochinchinensis 2 33% 1 7% uninformativeMischocarpus pyriformis 2 67% 2 4% positiveMorinda jasminoides 1 67% 1 36% uninformativePage 46Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF09Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classNeolitsea dealbata 3 100% 1 15% positiveOplismenus imbecillis 1 33% 2 22% uninformativeOrites excelsus 2 33% 2 6% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 67% 1 27% uninformativePiper novae-hollandiae 2 67% 2 1% positivePittosporum multiflorum 1 33% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 33% 1 13% uninformativePlanchonella australis 1 33% 1 5% uninformativePolyosma cunninghamii 2 33% 2 5% uninformativePothos longipes 4 100% 2 5% positivePsychotria loniceroides 1 33% 1 14% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 2 33% 1 5% uninformativeRhodamnia argentea 1 33% 1 0% uninformativeRipogonum discolor 3 33% 2 11% uninformativeRipogonum fawcettianum 1 33% 2 21% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 1 33% 2 4% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipata 2 100% 1 11% positiveSchizomeria ovata 1 33% 1 12% uninformativeSloanea australis 4 67% 2 5% positiveSloanea woollsii 2 33% 1 6% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 33% 1 21% uninformativeSyzygium australe 1 33% 1 6% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 100% 1 27% uninformativeTasmannia insipida 2 33% 1 12% uninformativeTriunia youngiana 1 33% 1 5% uninformativeTrophis scandens subsp.3 67% 1 3% positivescandensWilkiea huegeliana 1 33% 1 28% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 47

CH_RF11ESCARPMENT AND LOWLAND BANGALOW - CARABEEN -BLACK BOOYONG PALM GULLY RAINFORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana)– Maiden’s Blush (Sloanea australis) – Yellow Carabeen (Sloanea woollsii)– Black Booyong (Heritiera actinophylla) – Hairy-leaved Bolly Gum(Neolitsea dealbata) Subtropical Gully RainforestSTATEWIDE CLASS Rainforests – Subtropical Rainforest (Keith 2006)CH_RF11PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Maiden’s Blush – Yellow Carabeen– Native Tamarind – Bangalow Palm subtropical rainforest on acidvolcanics, metasediments and sandstones of the northern coastal rangesand escarpment, South Eastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW150-2)DescriptionThe canopy consists of tall rainforest trees such as Yellow Carabeen (Sloanea woollsii), Black Booyong (Heritieraactinophylla), Red Carabeen (Geissois benthamiana), Soft Cordwood (Caldcluvia paniculosa), Maiden’s Blush(Sloanea australis), Hairy-leaved Bolly-gum (Neolitsea dealbata) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus). BangalowPalm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana) is a distinctive component of this gully rainforest community. MyrtleEbony (Diospyros pentamera), Turnipwood (Akania bidwillii), Wild Yellow Jasmine (Pittosporum revolutum),Scentless Rosewood (Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum), Steelwood (Sarcopteryx stipata), Green-leavedRose Walnut (Endiandra muelleri) and Sandpaper Fig (Ficus coronata) may occur as a smaller tree layer. Epiphytesinclude Bird’s Nest Fern (Asplenium australasicum). Walking Stick Palm (Linospadix monostachya), Palm Lilies(Cordyline stricta, Cordyline petiolaris), Tree Ferns (Cyathea australis, Cyathea leichhardtiana) and Brush Pepperbush(Tasmannia insipida) occur as a second mid-layer. Vines are common and consist of Five-leaved Water Vine (Cissushypoglauca), Burny Vine (Trophis scandens), Lawyer Cane (Calamus muelleri), Prickly Supplejack (Ripogonumdiscolor), Pothos (Pothos longipes) and Sweet Morinda (Morinda jasminoides). The ground layer is often sparse andferny with Strap Water Fern (Blechnum patersonii) and Rough Maidenhair (Adiantum hispidulum), Creeping ShieldFern (Lastreopsis acuminata) being abundant in some sites.This community is distributed along gullies in the foothills of the Coast Range, Gleniffer, Bonville Hills and alsoextends into steeper stony gullies of the Orara Escarpment. Often found in the alluvial sediments deposited innarrow creek gullies and steep gully heads in areas of alluvial, sedimentary and metasedimentary geology. Occursfrom Pine Creek in Bongil Bongil National Park north to Wedding Bells State Forest near Woolgoolga.Page 48Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF11Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 10 - 50 60 - 90 Sloanea woollsii, Heritiera actinophylla, Geissois benthamianus,Caldcluvia paniculosa, Sloanea australis, Neolitsea dealbata,Lophostemon confertus, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana.Middle 1 5 -30 40 - 80 Cissus antarctica, Cissus hypoglauca, Diploglottis cunninghamii,Diospyros pentamera, Akania bidwillii, Polyosma cunninghamii,Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum, Sarcopteryx stipata,Ficus coronata, Pothos longipes, Endiandra muelleri.Middle 2 1 - 20 15 - 30 Daphnandra micrantha, Linospadix monostachya, Cordylinestricta, Cordyline petiolaris, Cyathea australis, Tasmanniainsipida, Trophis scandens, Calamus muelleri, Ripogonumdiscolour, Morinda jasminoides, Cyathea leichhardtiana.Lower 0.1 - 1 10 - 20 Blechnum patersonii, Adiantum hispidulum, Lastreopsisacuminata.* Data collated from 9 of 12 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThere is change in floristic composition from lowland examples of this community, where Bangalow Palm(Archontophoenix cunninghamiana), Maiden’s Blush (Sloanea australis) and Hairy-leaved Bolly Gum (Neolitseadealbata) are more common, to the foothills and escarpment where species such Yellow Carabeen (Sloaneawoollsii), Red Carabeen (Geissois benthamiana), Daphnandra micrantha and Black Booyong (Heritiera actinophylla)increase in abundance.ExoticsLantana camaraSpecies richnessNumber of plots 12Total species 228Average number of species 52 ±30Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (529ha), Ulidarra National Park (191ha), Bongil BongilNational Park (67ha), Bruxner Park Flora Reserve (85 ha) and Sherwood Nature Reserve (120ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 4Freehold 660National Park 842Nature Reserve 123NSW State Forest 2 566NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 85TOTAL 4 280Endangered Ecological Community: Lowland Rainforest in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin bioregions EECThreatened and Rare plants:Bosistoa floydii, Niemeyera whiteiVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 49

CH_RF11EquivalentsBiometric: Black Booyong - Rosewood - Yellow Carabeen subtropical rainforest of the North Coast (NR111)Other: RF33 Black Booyong and Red Bean (Fisher et al. 1996), Sub-alliance 12 (Floyd 1990), Sub-alliance 33 (Floyd1990)Relationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_RF09 (Hinterland White Booyong Floodplain Forest), however CH_RF11 is more widespread andextends beyond the alluvial plains up into the foothills and steep gullies of the escarpment. CH_RF11 is alsorelated to and often adjoins CH_WSF05 (Foothills to Escarpment Brush Box Tallowwood Blackbutt Wet Forest) andCH_WSF01 (Coast and Hinterland Riparian Flooded Gum Bangalow Wet Forest).Scattered occurrences of CH_RF09 are often found within mapped areas of the Warm Temperate Rainforesttypes; CH_RF03 (Plateau and Escarpment Coachwood – Sassafras Warm Temperate Rainforest) and CH_RF12(Escarpment Coachwood – Sassafras – Brush Box Warm Temperate Rainforest). In these instances, CH_RF11 iscommon on the northern and western facing slopes and gully head topographical positions.LocationsKnown examples include Conglomerate State Forest, Wedding Bells State Forest, Sherwood Nature Reserve,Orara East State Forest, Bucca Bucca Creek in Ulidarra National Park, Woolgoolga Creek in Sherwood Creek NatureReserve, Upper reaches of Tallawudjah Creek adjacent Bagawa State Forest and Shinglebed Creek in BindarriNational Park.Page 50Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_RF11Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAbrophyllum ornans 2 8% 2 1% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 2 17% 2 19% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 42% 1 26% uninformativeAcronychia octandra 4 8% 1 1% uninformativeAcronychia pubescens 2 8% 1 2% uninformativeAdiantum diaphanum 4 17% 0 0% positiveAdiantum formosum 1 8% 2 2% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 2 42% 1 8% uninformativeAdiantum silvaticum 1 33% 2 4% uninformativeAkania bidwillii 2 50% 3 1% positiveAlangium villosum subsp.1 17% 1 0% uninformativepolyosmoidesAlectryon subcinereus 1 17% 1 2% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 1 8% 2 36% uninformativeAlocasia brisbanensis 3 17% 1 2% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 1 25% 1 14% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 2 25% 1 18% uninformativeAneilema acuminatum 3 8% 1 1% uninformativeAneilema biflorum 1 8% 0 0% positiveAphananthe philippinensis 1 8% 1 1% uninformativeAraucaria cunninghamii 2 8% 1 6% uninformativeArchidendron grandiflorum 2 17% 1 3% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 17% 2 24% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 4 92% 1 30% positiveArthropteris beckleri 3 17% 0 0% positiveArthropteris tenella 2 25% 1 1% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 2 42% 1 8% uninformativeAsplenium flaccidum 1 8% 0 0% positiveAsplenium polyodon 2 8% 1 1% uninformativeAtractocarpus benthamianus 1 42% 2 7% uninformativeAustrobuxus swainii 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeAustrosteenisia blackii var. blackii 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeAustrosteenisia glabristyla 2 17% 1 0% uninformativeBaloghia inophylla 2 33% 2 2% uninformativeBeilschmiedia elliptica 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeBeilschmiedia obtusifolia 2 8% 1 1% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 3 17% 2 39% uninformativeBlechnum patersonii 3 42% 2 2% uninformativeBosistoa floydii 3 8% 1 0% uninformativeBrachychiton acerifolius 2 8% 1 1% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 2 92% 2 12% positiveCaldcluvia paniculosa 2 50% 2 11% positiveCallicoma serratifolia 2 8% 2 18% uninformativeCapparis arborea 1 33% 3 0% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 17% 1 7% uninformativeCelastrus subspicata 1 17% 1 4% uninformativeCephalaralia cephalobotrys 1 25% 1 5% uninformativePage 52Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF11Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classCephalomanes caudatum 1 17% 2 1% uninformativeCeratopetalum apetalum 2 17% 3 11% uninformativeChristella dentata 2 8% 1 1% uninformativeCinnamomum oliveri 2 17% 1 6% uninformativeCissus antarctica 2 50% 1 18% positiveCissus hypoglauca 2 50% 1 37% positiveCissus sterculiifolia 2 8% 1 6% uninformativeCitronella moorei 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeClaoxylon australe 2 25% 1 5% uninformativeCleistanthus cunninghamii 2 17% 1 1% uninformativeClematis aristata 1 25% 1 11% uninformativeClerodendrum tomentosum 2 8% 1 5% uninformativeCommelina cyanea 1 8% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline petiolaris 2 33% 1 3% uninformativeCordyline stricta 2 67% 1 37% positiveCorymbia intermedia 1 8% 2 21% uninformativeCroton verreauxii 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya erythroxylon 1 8% 1 0% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 1 17% 2 17% uninformativeCryptocarya meissneriana 1 8% 3 2% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 33% 1 20% uninformativeCryptocarya obovata 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 1 8% 2 27% uninformativeCuttsia viburnea 2 25% 1 2% uninformativeCyathea australis 1 50% 1 12% uninformativeCyathea leichhardtiana 2 67% 1 8% positiveCyperus filipes 1 25% 1 3% uninformativeCyperus tetraphyllus 2 17% 2 0% uninformativeDaphnandra micrantha 2 50% 2 1% positiveDendrobium gracilicaule 3 8% 1 1% uninformativeDendrobium schoeninum 1 8% 0 0% positiveDendrobium teretifolium 2 8% 2 0% uninformativeDendrobium tetragonum 2 17% 1 1% uninformativeDendrocnide excelsa 2 8% 1 0% uninformativeDendrocnide photinophylla 2 33% 2 1% uninformativeDeparia petersenii subsp. congrua 2 8% 0 0% positiveDerris involuta 1 8% 1 1% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 8% 1 51% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 25% 1 28% uninformativeDiospyros pentamera 2 42% 2 5% uninformativeDiplazium australe 2 8% 3 0% uninformativeDiplazium dilatatum 2 8% 0 0% positiveDiploglottis cunninghamii 2 58% 1 3% positiveDoodia aspera 1 8% 2 16% uninformativeDoryphora sassafras 2 33% 2 7% uninformativeDrypetes deplanchei 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeDysoxylum fraserianum 2 8% 1 1% uninformativeDysoxylum mollissimum subsp. molle 3 25% 2 2% uninformativeDysoxylum rufum 2 25% 1 2% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 53

CH_RF11Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classEhretia acuminata var. acuminata 1 8% 1 1% uninformativeElaeocarpus grandis 2 17% 0 0% positiveElatostema reticulatum 3 8% 2 0% uninformativeElattostachys nervosa 2 33% 1 2% uninformativeElattostachys xylocarpa 1 8% 0 0% positiveEmbelia australiana 1 50% 1 10% uninformativeEmmenosperma alphitonioides 2 8% 1 0% uninformativeEndiandra crassiflora 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeEndiandra muelleri 2 58% 1 8% positiveEucalyptus grandis 1 25% 3 17% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 2 8% 3 35% uninformativeEucalyptus pilularis 1 8% 3 27% uninformativeEucalyptus saligna 2 8% 3 9% uninformativeEupomatia bennettii 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 1 25% 1 14% uninformativeEuroschinus falcatus 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeFicus coronata 2 67% 1 11% positiveFicus superba var. henneana 1 8% 0 0% positiveFicus watkinsiana 2 25% 1 4% uninformativeFlagellaria indica 2 17% 1 4% uninformativeFlindersia schottiana 1 8% 2 0% uninformativeGeissois benthamiana 3 33% 1 2% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 3 8% 1 24% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 2 8% 1 13% uninformativeGmelina leichhardtii 1 33% 1 3% uninformativeGossia bidwillii 1 8% 3 0% uninformativeGuilfoylia monostylis 2 17% 1 1% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 17% 1 28% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 33% 1 19% uninformativeHelicia ferruginea 1 8% 0 0% positiveHeritiera actinophylla 2 67% 3 2% positiveHeritiera trifoliolata 4 33% 3 1% uninformativeHistiopteris incisa 2 8% 1 1% uninformativeHodgkinsonia ovatiflora 1 17% 1 0% uninformativeHomalanthus populifolius 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeHydrocotyle pedicellosa 1 25% 2 1% uninformativeHymenosporum flavum 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeHypolepis muelleri 1 8% 1 3% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 2 17% 1 11% uninformativeLastreopsis acuminata 3 17% 2 1% uninformativeLastreopsis microsora subsp.3 17% 2 1% uninformativemicrosoraLastreopsis munita 3 8% 1 0% uninformativeLegnephora moorei 2 8% 2 1% uninformativeLepidozamia peroffskyana 1 25% 1 2% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 3 83% 1 11% positiveLitsea australis 2 8% 1 5% uninformativeLitsea reticulata 3 8% 2 7% uninformativeLivistona australis 1 8% 1 4% uninformativePage 54Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF11Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classLobelia trigonocaulis 1 25% 1 6% uninformativeLomandra hystrix 1 8% 2 2% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 25% 2 52% negativeLomandra spicata 3 25% 1 9% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 2 50% 2 31% positiveLygodium microphyllum 3 17% 2 0% uninformativeMaclura cochinchinensis 1 25% 1 6% uninformativeMallotus philippensis 2 8% 1 1% uninformativeMelodinus australis 2 8% 1 4% uninformativeMicrosorum scandens 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeMischocarpus australis 2 8% 1 0% uninformativeMischocarpus pyriformis 2 25% 2 4% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 58% 1 36% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 8% 1 17% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 83% 1 14% uninformativeNiemeyera whitei 2 33% 1 5% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 8% 1 27% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 17% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 1 8% 2 22% uninformativeOrites excelsus 3 17% 2 6% uninformativePalmeria scandens 2 33% 1 9% uninformativePandorea baileyana 1 8% 0 0% positivePararchidendron pruinosum var.pruinosum2 17% 1 0% uninformativeParsonsia fulva 1 8% 0 0% positivePellaea paradoxa 1 8% 1 1% uninformativePetermannia cirrosa 2 8% 1 6% uninformativePilidiostigma glabrum 1 17% 1 12% uninformativePiper novae-hollandiae 2 25% 1 1% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 2 17% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 42% 1 12% uninformativePlanchonella australis 2 50% 1 4% positivePlatycerium bifurcatum 2 33% 1 16% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 2 17% 1 5% uninformativePlectranthus parviflorus 1 8% 1 2% uninformativePollia crispata 2 8% 0 0% positivePolyosma cunninghamii 2 50% 2 4% positivePolyscias elegans 1 8% 1 4% uninformativePothos longipes 2 83% 1 3% positivePratia purpurascens 1 8% 1 23% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 17% 2 27% uninformativePseudovanilla foliata 1 8% 0 0% positivePsydrax odorata 1 8% 0 0% positivePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 8% 1 5% uninformativePyrrosia rupestris 4 17% 2 3% uninformativeQuintinia verdonii 1 25% 1 6% uninformativeRhinerrhiza divitiflora 2 8% 1 0% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 1 17% 1 16% uninformativeRipogonum album 1 25% 2 6% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 55

CH_RF11Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classRipogonum discolor 2 67% 2 9% positiveRipogonum fawcettianum 2 33% 2 21% uninformativeRubus moorei 2 17% 1 2% uninformativeRubus nebulosus 1 8% 1 5% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 1 8% 2 4% uninformativeRumohra adiantiformis 2 8% 0 0% positiveSarcochilus parviflorus 2 8% 0 0% positiveSarcopetalum harveyanum 3 8% 1 9% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipata 1 75% 1 10% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 2 25% 1 12% uninformativeScolopia braunii 2 8% 1 6% uninformativeSloanea australis 3 100% 1 2% positiveSloanea woollsii 2 58% 1 5% positiveSmilax australis 2 8% 1 45% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 17% 1 29% uninformativeStenocarpus sinuatus 1 17% 1 1% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 2 17% 1 22% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 2 8% 3 40% uninformativeSynoum glandulosum subsp.2 67% 2 34% positiveglandulosumSyzygium australe 3 17% 1 6% uninformativeSyzygium corynanthum 3 8% 2 0% uninformativeSyzygium crebrinerve 3 17% 2 1% uninformativeSyzygium francisii 2 8% 1 0% uninformativeSyzygium oleosum 1 25% 2 6% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 75% 1 26% uninformativeTasmannia insipida 1 75% 1 10% uninformativeTetrastigma nitens 1 8% 1 3% uninformativeToona ciliata 2 17% 1 1% uninformativeTrimenia moorei 1 8% 1 3% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 8% 1 10% uninformativeTrophis scandens subsp. scandens 1 58% 1 2% uninformativeTylophora paniculata 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeUvaria leichhardtii 3 17% 0 0% positiveWaterhousea floribunda 2 8% 0 0% positiveWilkiea huegeliana 1 75% 1 27% uninformativeYoungia japonica 2 8% 1 0% uninformativePage 56Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

ESCARPMENT COACHWOOD - SASSAFRAS -BRUSH BOX WARM TEMPERATE RAINFORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum) – Sassafras(Doryphora sassafras) – Prickly Ash (Orites excelsus) – Brush Box(Lophostemon confertus) Warm Temperate Rainforest of the escarpmentSTATEWIDE CLASS Rainforests – Warm Temperate Rainforests (Keith2006)CH_RF12CH_RF12PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Coachwood – Crabapple – Booyong– Yellow Carabeen warm temperate rainforest on alluvium or enrichedyellow earths, NSW North Coast Bioregion and South Eastern QueenslandBioregion (NSW75-14)Schizomeria ovata Doryphora sassafrasWarm temperate rainforest (NSW700-390)DescriptionA warm temperate rainforest where Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum), Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus)and Prickly Ash (Orites excelsa) are the most common trees in the upper layer. Bolly Gum (Litsea reticulata),Crabapple (Schizomeria ovata) and Sassafras (Doryphora sassafras) also occur. A mid layer of smaller trees ispresent including Native Gardenia (Atractocarpus benthamianus), Featherwood (Polyosma cunninghamii) Oliver’sSassafras (Cinnamomum oliveri), Steelwood (Sarcopteryx stipitata), Macleay Laurel (Anopterus macleayanus) andTree Heath (Trochocarpa laurina). The ground layer is sparse and comprises Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum),Walking Stick Palm (Linospadix monostachya), and Tree Fern (Cyathea leichhardtiana). Vines include Lawyer Cane(Calamus muelleri), Anchor Vine (Palmeria scandens), and Berberidopsis beckleri. Epiphytes such as Stag Horn(Platycerium bifurcatum) occur on rainforest tree trunks.This community is located on rolling hills of the Dorrigo and Orara Escarpment and Plateau edge usually betweenabout 500 and 700 metres in altitude on soils derived from metasedimentary geology.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 57

CH_RF12Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 15 - 45 40 - 90 Ceratopetalum apetalum, Lophostemon confertus, Orites excelsa,Litsea reticulata, Doryphora sassafras.Middle 3 - 20 25 - 80 Atractocarpus benthamianus, Polyosma cunninghamii, Cinnamomumoliveri, Sarcopteryx stipitata, Trochocarpa laurina, Cyathealeichhardtiana, Calamus muelleri, Palmeria scandens, Berberidopsisbeckleri, Anopterus macleayanus, Platycerium bifurcatum.Lower 0.1 – 0.8 5 - 10 Blechnum cartilagineum, Linospadix monostachya.* Data collated from 12 of 16 full floristic sitesSpecies richness:Number of plots 16Total species 215Average number of species 53 ±18.9Conservation statusThe vegetation community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (947ha) and Bindarri State Conservation Area(72ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 31Freehold 420National Park 891NSW State Forest 265State Conservation Area 72TOTAL 1 679Endangered Ecological Community: Below 600 metres this community could be recognised as LowlandRainforest in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin bioregions EECThreatened and Rare plants: Cryptocarya dorrigoensis, Niemeyera whiteiRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_RF03 (Plateau and Escarpment Coachwood Sassafras Warm Temperate Rainforest). CH_RF12 occurscloser to the escarpment edge with a significant influence of subtropical elements in the species composition.CH_RF03 is more common on the western parts of the plateau within the study area.EquivalentsBiometric: Coachwood - Soft Corkwood - Crabapple warm temperate rainforest of the North Coast (NR147).Other: RF33 Black Booyong and Red Bean (Fisher et al. 1996); Sub-alliance 33 (Floyd 1990).LocationsKnown examples include Below Tucker’s Nob; Upper Urumbilum River; Bushman’s Range; Mole Creek; Moleton.Page 58Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_RF12Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia melanoxylon 3 50% 2 17% positiveAcmena smithii 1 75% 1 25% uninformativeAcradenia euodiiformis 2 19% 3 2% uninformativeAcronychia octandra 3 13% 4 0% uninformativeAcronychia pubescens 1 25% 2 2% uninformativeAcronychia suberosa 3 6% 0 0% positiveAdiantum aethiopicum 1 6% 1 2% uninformativeAdiantum formosum 2 6% 1 2% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 2 13% 2 8% uninformativeAdiantum silvaticum 2 38% 2 4% uninformativeAlangium villosum subsp. polyosmoides 1 6% 1 0% uninformativeAlectryon subcinereus 2 6% 1 2% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 3 13% 2 36% uninformativeAlloxylon pinnatum 2 13% 2 1% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 2 19% 1 14% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 2 6% 1 18% uninformativeAnopterus macleayanus 2 56% 2 1% positiveArachniodes aristata 2 13% 2 1% uninformativeAraucaria cunninghamii 1 63% 1 4% uninformativeArchidendron grandiflorum 1 6% 1 4% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 50% 2 23% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 63% 1 31% uninformativeArthropteris tenella 1 13% 3 1% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 69% 1 7% uninformativeAsplenium polyodon 1 6% 2 1% uninformativeAtractocarpus benthamianus 2 56% 2 6% positiveAustrobuxus swainii 1 38% 1 3% uninformativeAustrosteenisia blackii var. blackii 2 13% 1 2% uninformativeBaloghia inophylla 1 6% 2 2% uninformativeBerberidopsis beckleri 2 6% 0 0% positiveBlechnum cartilagineum 2 63% 2 37% positiveBlechnum nudum 2 13% 3 0% uninformativeBlechnum patersonii 2 25% 3 2% uninformativeBlechnum wattsii 2 6% 1 1% uninformativeBrachychiton acerifolius 1 6% 1 1% uninformativeBreynia oblongifolia 1 6% 1 30% uninformativeBulbophyllum exiguum 2 13% 3 0% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 2 81% 1 12% positiveCalanthe triplicata 1 13% 1 3% uninformativeCaldcluvia paniculosa 2 50% 2 11% positiveCallicoma serratifolia 2 56% 2 16% positiveCallitris macleayana 1 13% 5 0% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 2 6% 2 27% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 6% 1 8% uninformativeCephalaralia cephalobotrys 1 13% 1 5% uninformativeCephalomanes caudatum 2 6% 2 1% uninformativeCeratopetalum apetalum 3 100% 3 8% positivePage 60Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF12Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classCinnamomum oliveri 2 69% 1 4% positiveCinnamomum virens 2 6% 1 1% uninformativeCissus antarctica 2 13% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 69% 1 37% uninformativeCissus sterculiifolia 1 19% 1 6% uninformativeClaoxylon australe 1 6% 1 6% uninformativeClerodendrum tomentosum 1 6% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline petiolaris 1 6% 1 4% uninformativeCordyline rubra 1 19% 1 1% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 25% 1 39% uninformativeCoronidium elatum 1 6% 1 0% uninformativeCryptocarya dorrigoensis 1 13% 1 1% uninformativeCryptocarya erythroxylon 1 6% 1 0% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 1 44% 2 16% uninformativeCryptocarya meissneriana 2 19% 3 2% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 25% 1 20% uninformativeCryptocarya obovata 3 6% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 2 31% 2 27% uninformativeCyathea australis 1 19% 1 13% uninformativeCyathea leichhardtiana 1 81% 1 7% uninformativeCyperus filipes 1 19% 1 3% uninformativeDaphnandra micrantha 2 19% 1 2% uninformativeDavallia solida var. pyxidata 1 25% 1 3% uninformativeDecaspermum humile 1 6% 4 0% uninformativeDendrobium aemulum 3 13% 2 1% uninformativeDendrobium pugioniforme 1 6% 0 0% positiveDendrobium teretifolium 1 6% 2 0% uninformativeDendrobium tetragonum 1 6% 1 2% uninformativeDenhamia celastroides 1 50% 1 7% uninformativeDerris involuta 2 13% 1 1% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 50% 1 50% uninformativeDictymia brownii 1 6% 1 1% uninformativeDiospyros pentamera 1 25% 2 5% uninformativeDiploglottis cunninghamii 1 19% 1 4% uninformativeDoodia aspera 1 6% 2 16% uninformativeDoryphora sassafras 2 56% 2 6% positiveDrymophila moorei 1 31% 2 1% uninformativeDrypetes deplanchei 1 6% 1 4% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 1 19% 1 4% uninformativeElaeocarpus obovatus 1 6% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 38% 1 27% uninformativeElaeodendron australe var. australe 1 6% 1 4% uninformativeElatostema reticulatum 2 6% 3 0% uninformativeElattostachys nervosa 2 6% 1 3% uninformativeEmbelia australiana 1 69% 1 9% uninformativeEndiandra crassiflora 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeEndiandra discolor 1 13% 1 5% uninformativeEndiandra introrsa 3 6% 0 0% positiveEndiandra muelleri 2 25% 1 8% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 61

CH_RF12Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classEndiandra sieberi 1 6% 1 10% uninformativeEucalyptus acmenoides 1 6% 2 8% uninformativeEucalyptus campanulata 1 6% 5 0% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 1 6% 3 18% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 3 19% 3 35% uninformativeEucalyptus saligna 3 13% 3 9% uninformativeEupomatia bennettii 1 6% 1 2% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 1 13% 1 15% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 6% 1 30% uninformativeExocarya sclerioides 1 31% 2 1% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 6% 1 13% uninformativeFicus watkinsiana 2 19% 1 4% uninformativeFieldia australis 2 6% 0 0% positiveFlagellaria indica 1 13% 1 4% uninformativeGahnia aspera 2 25% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 1 6% 2 14% uninformativeGahnia melanocarpa 1 6% 1 1% uninformativeGeissois benthamiana 1 31% 3 1% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 2 13% 1 24% uninformativeGmelina leichhardtii 1 19% 1 3% uninformativeGuilfoylia monostylis 1 6% 1 1% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 19% 1 28% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 31% 1 19% uninformativeHelicia glabriflora 1 6% 1 1% uninformativeHeritiera actinophylla 2 31% 2 2% uninformativeHeritiera trifoliolata 2 6% 3 2% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 63% 1 30% uninformativeHistiopteris incisa 2 6% 1 1% uninformativeHomalanthus populifolius 1 6% 1 3% uninformativeHydrocotyle peduncularis 1 6% 1 6% uninformativeHymenophyllum cupressiforme 2 6% 1 0% uninformativeHymenophyllum flabellatum 2 6% 0 0% positiveHymenosporum flavum 1 6% 1 2% uninformativeLastreopsis decomposita 1 6% 2 6% uninformativeLastreopsis microsora subsp. microsora 2 13% 3 1% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 1 13% 1 17% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 2 69% 1 11% positiveLitsea australis 1 19% 1 4% uninformativeLitsea reticulata 2 63% 2 5% positiveLobelia trigonocaulis 1 6% 1 6% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 25% 2 52% negativeLomandra spicata 1 56% 1 8% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 3 69% 2 30% positiveMarsdenia lloydii 2 13% 2 1% uninformativeMelicope hayesii 1 25% 1 3% uninformativeMelicope micrococca 1 13% 1 2% uninformativeMelodinus australis 2 19% 1 3% uninformativeMicrosorum scandens 2 25% 1 1% uninformativeMischocarpus australis 1 6% 2 0% uninformativePage 62Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF12Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classMischocarpus pyriformis 3 6% 2 4% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 38% 1 36% uninformativeMyrsine howittiana 1 6% 1 2% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 6% 1 17% uninformativeNeolitsea australiensis 1 6% 3 0% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 81% 1 13% uninformativeNiemeyera whitei 3 13% 1 5% uninformativeOrites excelsus 2 81% 2 3% positiveOzothamnus diosmifolius 3 6% 1 9% uninformativePalmeria scandens 2 69% 1 8% positivePararchidendron pruinosum var.1 6% 1 1% uninformativepruinosumParsonsia purpurascens 2 6% 1 2% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 31% 1 27% uninformativeParsonsia velutina 1 6% 0 0% positivePellaea falcata 1 6% 3 1% uninformativePersoonia media 2 38% 1 6% uninformativePetermannia cirrosa 1 50% 1 4% uninformativePilidiostigma glabrum 2 38% 1 11% uninformativePiper novae-hollandiae 1 6% 2 1% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 1 56% 1 11% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 31% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 13% 1 10% uninformativePlanchonella australis 1 25% 1 4% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 2 44% 1 15% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 1 6% 1 5% uninformativePlectorrhiza tridentata 1 19% 1 2% uninformativePolyosma cunninghamii 2 56% 2 3% positivePolyscias murrayi 2 6% 1 0% uninformativePothos longipes 2 38% 2 4% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 13% 1 14% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 6% 1 5% uninformativePyrrosia rupestris 2 25% 2 2% uninformativeQuintinia sieberi 2 19% 1 1% uninformativeQuintinia verdonii 2 50% 1 5% positiveRhodamnia rubescens 1 6% 1 16% uninformativeRipogonum album 2 13% 2 6% uninformativeRipogonum discolor 2 69% 2 9% positiveRipogonum elseyanum 2 94% 2 5% positiveRipogonum fawcettianum 2 63% 2 19% positiveRubus moorei 2 13% 1 2% uninformativeRubus nebulosus 1 31% 1 4% uninformativeSarcochilus falcatus 2 6% 1 1% uninformativeSarcomelicope simplicifolia subsp.1 6% 1 0% uninformativesimplicifoliaSarcopteryx stipata 2 88% 1 9% positiveSchizomeria ovata 2 81% 1 9% positiveSloanea australis 4 6% 3 5% uninformativeSloanea woollsii 1 50% 2 4% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 63

CH_RF12Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classSmilax australis 1 50% 1 44% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 44% 1 28% uninformativeSolanum inaequilaterum 2 13% 1 0% uninformativeStenocarpus salignus 1 44% 1 3% uninformativeStenocarpus sinuatus 1 13% 1 1% uninformativeSticherus lobatus 1 6% 1 1% uninformativeStreptothamnus moorei 1 13% 1 0% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 3 13% 3 40% uninformativeSynoum glandulosum subsp.1 31% 2 35% uninformativeglandulosumSyzygium crebrinerve 3 13% 1 1% uninformativeSyzygium oleosum 1 6% 1 6% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 56% 1 26% uninformativeTasmannia insipida 1 75% 1 9% uninformativeToona ciliata 1 6% 2 1% uninformativeTrimenia moorei 1 19% 1 2% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 13% 1 10% uninformativeTristaniopsis collina 2 19% 2 4% uninformativeTristaniopsis laurina 2 13% 2 3% uninformativeTriunia youngiana 2 63% 1 3% positiveTrochocarpa laurina 2 75% 1 36% positiveVittaria elongata 1 6% 0 0% positiveWilkiea huegeliana 1 88% 1 26% uninformativePage 64Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF13Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia maidenii 1 11% 1 14% uninformativeAcianthus fornicatus 1 11% 1 1% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 100% 1 25% uninformativeAcronychia imperforata 1 22% 1 4% uninformativeAcronychia oblongifolia 1 56% 1 3% uninformativeAlectryon coriaceus 1 22% 2 2% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 1 11% 1 14% uninformativeAlpinia arundelliana 1 11% 1 1% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 78% 1 31% uninformativeArytera divaricata 1 22% 2 1% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 33% 1 8% uninformativeBeilschmiedia obtusifolia 1 22% 2 0% uninformativeBreynia oblongifolia 1 22% 1 29% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 1 22% 2 14% uninformativeCalanthe triplicata 2 22% 1 3% uninformativeCelastrus subspicata 1 44% 1 3% uninformativeCeltis paniculata 1 22% 0 0% positiveCinnamomum oliveri 1 11% 1 6% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 11% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 44% 1 38% uninformativeCissus sterculiifolia 3 100% 1 5% positiveClerodendrum floribundum var.1 44% 1 9% uninformativefloribundumCordyline stricta 1 100% 1 37% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 2 78% 2 19% positiveCryptocarya microneura 1 44% 1 20% uninformativeCryptocarya triplinervis 1 22% 1 4% uninformativeCupaniopsis anacardioides 1 100% 2 9% uninformativeCyclophyllum longipetalum 1 89% 1 4% uninformativeCymbidium madidum 1 67% 1 3% uninformativeCyperus tetraphyllus 1 11% 2 1% uninformativeDavallia solida var. pyxidata 2 22% 1 3% uninformativeDenhamia celastroides 1 44% 1 8% uninformativeDesmodium nemorosum 1 11% 1 0% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 78% 1 50% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 56% 1 27% uninformativeDiospyros pentamera 3 89% 1 4% positiveDrypetes deplanchei 1 78% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus obovatus 2 22% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 11% 1 28% uninformativeElaeodendron australe var. australe 1 78% 1 2% uninformativeEmbelia australiana 1 11% 1 11% uninformativeEndiandra discolor 3 22% 1 5% uninformativeEndiandra muelleri 1 11% 1 9% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 1 67% 1 8% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 2 56% 3 17% positiveEucalyptus robusta 2 11% 2 7% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 69

CH_RF13Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classEupomatia laurina 1 67% 1 13% uninformativeEuroschinus falcatus 1 67% 1 3% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 67% 1 29% uninformativeFicus obliqua var. obliqua 1 22% 1 0% uninformativeFicus watkinsiana 1 78% 2 3% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 56% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 11% 1 13% uninformativeGmelina leichhardtii 1 11% 1 3% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 2 89% 1 27% positiveGymnostachys anceps 1 11% 1 19% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 44% 1 31% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 44% 1 10% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 1 11% 2 13% uninformativeLitsea australis 3 100% 1 3% positiveLitsea reticulata 2 56% 2 6% positiveLivistona australis 1 22% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 33% 2 52% negativeLomandra spicata 2 89% 1 8% positiveLophostemon confertus 3 44% 2 31% uninformativeLophostemon suaveolens 1 11% 2 9% uninformativeMaclura cochinchinensis 1 44% 1 6% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 1 44% 1 7% uninformativeMischocarpus pyriformis 4 89% 1 3% positiveMorinda jasminoides 1 11% 1 37% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 89% 1 15% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 11% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 2 89% 1 25% positiveOphioglossum pendulum 1 44% 2 0% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 1 22% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 1 56% 2 21% uninformativePellaea falcata 4 11% 1 1% uninformativePeristeranthus hillii 1 22% 0 0% positivePittosporum multiflorum 1 11% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 67% 1 12% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 2 78% 1 15% positivePlatycerium superbum 1 33% 1 5% uninformativePodocarpus elatus 1 33% 0 0% positivePsilotum nudum 1 44% 1 1% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 33% 1 13% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 44% 1 4% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 1 33% 1 16% uninformativeRhodomyrtus psidioides 1 44% 1 3% uninformativeRipogonum album 1 33% 2 6% uninformativeRipogonum brevifolium 3 22% 1 0% uninformativeRipogonum discolor 3 11% 2 11% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 33% 1 8% uninformativeScolopia braunii 1 89% 1 4% uninformativeSmilax australis 2 89% 1 43% positiveSmilax glyciphylla 1 56% 1 28% uninformativePage 70Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_RF13Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classSynoum glandulosum subsp.1 89% 2 33% uninformativeglandulosumSyzygium australe 1 44% 2 5% uninformativeSyzygium luehmannii 3 100% 1 3% positiveSyzygium oleosum 2 78% 1 5% positiveTmesipteris truncata 1 44% 0 0% positiveTripladenia cunninghamii 1 67% 1 9% uninformativeTristaniopsis laurina 4 22% 2 3% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 1 89% 1 36% uninformativeTrophis scandens subsp. scandens 1 11% 1 3% uninformativeViola banksii 1 33% 2 16% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 89% 1 27% uninformativeXanthorrhoea macronema 1 33% 1 5% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 71


CH_WSF01COAST AND HINTERLAND RIPARIAN FLOODED GUM -BANGALOW WET FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis) – BangalowPalm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana) riparian forest of coastal andhinterland floodplainsSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast WetSclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF01PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Flooded Gum moist open forest ofsheltered lower slopes and gullies in the Clarence and Bellinger Rivervalleys, NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-399)DescriptionA wet forest of riparian areas with a canopy usually dominated by Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis). Otherspecies of Eucalypt may be present in lower abundances or rarely as co-dominants including Turpentine(Syncarpia glomulifera), Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) and Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis). The mid layeris composed of a diverse array of species including Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana), ForestOak (Allocasuarina torulosa), Scentless Rosewood (Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum), Forest Maple(Cryptocarya rigida), Tree Heath (Trochocarpa laurina), Black Wattle (Callicoma serratifolia), Wilkiea (Wilkieahuegeliana) and Banana Bush (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui). There are several epiphytes and climbers includingSmall Supplejack (Ripogonum fawcettianum), Elkhorn (Platycerium bifurcatum) and Layer Vine (Smilax australis).The ground layer consists of Pastel Flower (Pseuderanthemum variabile), Palm Lily (Cordyline stricta), GristleFern (Blechnum cartilagineum), Native Violet (Viola banksii) and Creeping Beard Grass (Oplismenus imbecillis).This community was recorded commonly along riparian areas and lower slopes on floodplains on the coastallowlands, foothill gullies and river flats throughout the study area. This community is common at very lowelevations (

CH_WSF01Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 12 - 30 20 - 40 Eucalyptus grandis, Syncarpia glomulifera, Lophostemonconfertus, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptusacmenoides, Eucalyptus microcorys.Middle 1 5 - 12 10 - 40 Allocasuarina torulosa, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana,Callicoma serratifolia, Schizomeria ovata.Middle 2 2 - 6 20 - 40 Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum, Trochocarpalaurina, Cryptocarya rigida, Ripogonum album.Lower 0 – 5 5 - 35 Oplismenus imbecillis, Blechnum cartilagineum, Ottochloagracillima, Pseuderanthemum variabile, Alpinia caerulea,Cordyline stricta, Calochlaena dubia.* Data collated from 20 of 22 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsIn some areas this community had undergone significant modification along many creek lines, which are nowheavily infested by weed species such as Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomum camphora) and Lantana (Lantanacamara) . This type is also heavily logged in some areas and structural differences occur due to varioussilvicultural techniques including plantation establishment.ExoticsAgeratina adenophora, Cinnamomum camphora, Lantana camara, Ligustrum sinenseSpecies richnessNumber of plots 22Total species 194Average number of species 49 ±8.5Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (31ha), Orara East State Forest – Bruxner Park Flora reserve(44ha) Bongil Bongil National Park (376ha), Sherwood Nature Reserve (9ha) and Ulidarra National Park (27ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 10Freehold 2 666National Park 454Nature Reserve 17NSW State Forest 1 557NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 44TOTAL 4 748Threatened and Rare plants:Marsdenia longiloba, Niemeyera whiteiEquivalentsBiometric: Flooded Gum - Brush Box moist forest of the coastal ranges of the North Coast (NR159).Other: N27 - Flooded Gum (Fisher et al. 1996).Page 74Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF01Relationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_WSF05 (Foothills to Escarpment Brush Box - Tallowwood - Blackbutt Wet Forest) and may transitionto this community with altitude and topographic position. CH_WSF05 is indicated by a dominance of FloodedGum (Eucalyptus grandis) and high cover of Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana). This communitymay also be replaced by CH_WSF03 (Foothills and Escarpment Blue Gum - Tallowwood – Turpentine Wet ShrubbyForest) away from the coast (Orara valley and Dorrigo escarpment) with an increasing proportion of Sydney BlueGum (Eucalyptus saligna) and decreasing proportion of Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana).Other species such as Callicoma (Callicoma serratifolia) and Rose Myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri) are likely to bemore common. CH_WSF01 can transition into CH_RF11 (Escarpment and Lowland Bangalow - Carabeen - BlackBooyong Palm Gully Rainforest) or CH_RF09 (Hinterland White Booyong Floodplain Rainforest) in more shelteredareas. This community often forms a mosaic with CH_FrW07 (River Oak Riparian Forest) in the Orara Valley andmapped examples of both communities may elements of the other.LocationsKnown localities include Bundageree Creek in Bongil Bongil National Park, Corindi River, Bucca Bucca River inBruxner Park Flora Reserve, junction of Orara River and Coldwater Creek and Bonville Creek.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 75

CH_WSF01Page 76Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF01Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia floribunda 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 45% 1 12% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 36% 1 26% uninformativeAcronychia oblongifolia 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeAdiantum aethiopicum 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 1 18% 2 8% uninformativeAdiantum silvaticum 3 18% 2 4% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 2 91% 2 33% positiveAlphitonia excelsa 1 9% 1 14% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 1 77% 1 15% uninformativeAneilema acuminatum 2 5% 1 1% uninformativeAphananthe philippinensis 3 5% 1 1% uninformativeAphanopetalum resinosum 2 5% 3 1% uninformativeArchidendron grandiflorum 1 27% 1 2% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 18% 2 24% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 2 82% 1 29% positiveAsplenium australasicum 1 14% 1 9% uninformativeAstrotricha latifolia 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeAtractocarpus benthamianus 2 36% 2 6% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 2 95% 2 35% positiveBlechnum minus 1 5% 0 0% positiveBreynia oblongifolia 1 41% 1 29% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 2 59% 2 12% positiveCalanthe triplicata 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeCaldcluvia paniculosa 1 5% 2 13% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 2 45% 2 16% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 2 14% 3 13% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 1 86% 2 24% uninformativeCarex appressa 2 5% 2 1% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 14% 1 7% uninformativeCelastrus subspicata 3 9% 1 4% uninformativeCephalaralia cephalobotrys 2 18% 1 4% uninformativeCeratopetalum apetalum 3 9% 3 11% uninformativeChiloglottis sylvestris 1 5% 0 0% positiveCinnamomum oliveri 1 9% 1 6% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 59% 1 17% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 86% 1 35% uninformativeCissus sterculiifolia 1 23% 1 6% uninformativeClaoxylon australe 1 14% 1 6% uninformativeClematis aristata 1 18% 1 11% uninformativeClematis glycinoides 1 5% 1 6% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 50% 1 8% uninformativefloribundumClerodendrum tomentosum 1 5% 1 5% uninformativeCommelina cyanea 2 5% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline stricta 2 95% 1 35% positiveCorymbia intermedia 1 41% 2 19% uninformativeCroton verreauxii 3 23% 1 2% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 77

CH_WSF01Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classCryptocarya glaucescens 1 5% 2 18% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 50% 1 19% uninformativeCryptocarya obovata 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 2 86% 2 24% positiveCyathea australis 1 23% 1 13% uninformativeCyathea leichhardtiana 1 5% 1 10% uninformativeCyclophyllum longipetalum 1 9% 1 5% uninformativeCymbidium madidum 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeCyperus filipes 1 18% 1 3% uninformativeDavallia solida var. pyxidata 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeDesmodium gunnii 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeDesmodium varians 1 14% 1 6% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 82% 1 49% uninformativeDichondra repens 2 9% 1 5% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 2 91% 1 25% positiveDiospyros pentamera 1 5% 2 6% uninformativeDoodia aspera 2 36% 2 14% uninformativeDysoxylum rufum 1 9% 2 2% uninformativeEchinostephia aculeata 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeEhretia acuminata var. acuminata 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 32% 1 27% uninformativeElaeodendron australe var. australe 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeElattostachys nervosa 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeEmbelia australiana 1 23% 1 11% uninformativeEndiandra discolor 2 27% 1 4% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 1 14% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 1 36% 2 8% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 1 9% 2 26% uninformativeEucalyptus acmenoides 1 32% 3 7% uninformativeEucalyptus carnea 2 5% 2 11% uninformativeEucalyptus eugenioides 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeEucalyptus fusiformis 3 18% 1 0% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 3 86% 3 14% positiveEucalyptus microcorys 2 55% 3 34% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 3 59% 3 25% positiveEucalyptus propinqua 1 23% 3 13% uninformativeEucalyptus saligna 1 5% 3 10% uninformativeEucalyptus siderophloia 3 5% 3 11% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 1 59% 1 12% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 82% 1 27% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 27% 1 12% uninformativeFlagellaria indica 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 14% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 1 59% 2 12% uninformativeGahnia melanocarpa 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeGalactia tenuiflora 1 41% 0 0% positiveGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 23% 1 23% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 5% 1 13% uninformativeGrevillea robusta 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 36% 1 28% uninformativePage 78Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF01Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classGymnostachys anceps 1 59% 1 17% uninformativeHibbertia dentata 1 18% 1 6% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 18% 1 32% uninformativeHibiscus diversifolius 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeHistiopteris incisa 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeHovea acutifolia 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeHydrocotyle peduncularis 1 23% 1 5% uninformativeHypolepis muelleri 1 27% 2 2% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 23% 2 32% uninformativeIndigofera australis 1 9% 2 4% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 27% 1 10% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 1 14% 1 17% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 1 45% 2 11% uninformativeLitsea australis 1 5% 1 5% uninformativeLivistona australis 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeLobelia trigonocaulis 1 45% 1 4% uninformativeLomandra filiformis 1 32% 1 11% uninformativeLomandra hystrix 1 5% 2 2% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 32% 2 52% negativeLomandra spicata 1 55% 1 7% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 2 32% 2 31% uninformativeMaclura cochinchinensis 1 9% 1 7% uninformativeMarsdenia longiloba 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 1 5% 1 8% uninformativeMaytenus silvestris 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeMelicope hayesii 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeMelicope micrococca 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeMischocarpus pyriformis 1 5% 2 4% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 2 95% 1 34% positiveMucuna gigantea subsp. gigantea 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeMyrsine howittiana 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 36% 1 15% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 9% 1 16% uninformativeNiemeyera whitei 2 9% 1 5% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 32% 1 26% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 5% 2 13% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 2 59% 2 20% positiveOttochloa gracillima 2 36% 2 9% uninformativeOxalis exilis 1 5% 1 2% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp. pandorana 1 23% 1 11% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 27% 1 28% uninformativePetermannia cirrosa 3 9% 1 6% uninformativePhebalium squamulosum 1 5% 0 0% positivePilidiostigma glabrum 1 59% 1 10% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 1 36% 1 11% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 9% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 18% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 59% 1 14% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 1 5% 1 5% uninformativePlectorrhiza tridentata 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 79

CH_WSF01Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPolyosma cunninghamii 3 9% 2 5% uninformativePolyscias elegans 1 5% 1 4% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 50% 1 22% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 100% 2 23% positivePteridium esculentum 1 9% 2 33% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 5% 1 5% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 1 41% 1 15% uninformativeRipogonum album 1 36% 2 5% uninformativeRipogonum discolor 2 9% 2 11% uninformativeRipogonum elseyanum 2 14% 2 7% uninformativeRipogonum fawcettianum 2 68% 2 19% positiveRubus moluccanus var. trilobus 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeRubus nebulosus 1 27% 1 4% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 1 5% 2 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 9% 1 9% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipata 1 14% 1 11% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipitata 1 5% 2 2% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 1 27% 1 11% uninformativeSeringia arborescens 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeSigesbeckia orientalis subsp. orientalis 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeSloanea australis 2 9% 3 5% uninformativeSloanea woollsii 3 5% 1 6% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 77% 1 43% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 32% 1 28% uninformativeSolanum hapalum 1 5% 1 6% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 45% 1 20% uninformativeStreblus brunonianus 1 5% 0 0% positiveSymplocos thwaitesii 1 5% 0 0% positiveSyncarpia glomulifera 2 68% 3 37% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.3 91% 2 32% positiveglandulosumSyzygium luehmannii 1 14% 1 4% uninformativeSyzygium oleosum 1 5% 1 6% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 82% 1 25% uninformativeTasmannia insipida 1 27% 1 11% uninformativeTodea barbara 1 14% 1 0% uninformativeToona ciliata 2 5% 1 1% uninformativeTrema tomentosa var. aspera 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeTrimenia moorei 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 18% 1 9% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 1 68% 1 35% uninformativeTrophis scandens subsp. scandens 2 5% 1 3% uninformativeTylophora paniculata 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 1 9% 1 11% uninformativeVeronica plebeia 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeViola banksii 1 50% 2 14% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 64% 1 26% uninformativeZieria smithii 1 5% 1 4% uninformativePage 80Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF02HINTERLAND BLACKBUTT - BANGALOW -TURPENTINE WET SHRUBBY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Hinterland Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) –Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana) – Turpentine(Syncarpia glomulifera) wet shrubby forestSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast WetSclerophyll Forests (Keith 2006)CH_WSF02PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Blackbutt – Turpentine – Brush Box –Bangalow Palm – Corkwood shrubby wet gully forest, NSW North CoastBioregion (NSW1500-930)DescriptionA very tall to extremely tall wet forest with rainforest elements in the understorey. The canopy is dominated byCoastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis). A range of other canopy species may be present in moderate abundanceincluding Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys), Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus), Turpentine (Syncarpiaglomulifera) and Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis). The mid-stratum is strongly dominated by Bangalow Palm(Archontophoenix cunninghamiana), Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa), Black Wattle (Callicoma serratifolia), ForestMaple (Cryptocarya rigida), Prickly Tree-Fern (Cyathea leichhardtiana), Soft Corkwood (Caldcluvia paniculosa), TreeHeath (Trochocarpa laurina) and Rose Myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri). Vines include False Sarsaparilla (Smilaxglyciphylla) and Small-leaved Supplejack (Ripogonum fawcettianum). The ground layer is sparse with Gristle Fern(Blechnum cartilagineum), Pastel Flower (Pseuderanthemum variabile) and Palm Lily (Cordyline stricta).This community is widespread in sheltered aspects on gullies, often in the mid to upper slopes. The communityoccurs from very wet areas on very steep hills of the Orara Escarpment to the steep hills and rolling low hills of theCoast Range. It is found between about 100 metres to almost 500 metres above sea level on the Orara Escarpmentrim. The geology comprises both sedimentary and metasedimentary geology north from near Crossmaglen inTuckers Nob State Forest to Conglomerate State Forest near upper Corindi.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 81

CH_WSF02Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 20-55 30-75 Eucalyptus pilularis, Lophostemon confertus, Syncarpia glomulifera,Corymbia intermedia, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus microcorysMiddle Layer 0.1-18 35-85 Caldcluvia paniculosa, Smilax glyciphylla, Morinda jasminoides,Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, Cordyline stricta, Cryptocaryarigida, Palmeria scandens, Callicoma serratifolia, Cyathealeichhardtiana.Lower layer 0.1-1.5 5-60 Blechnum cartilagineum, Lastreopsis decomposita,Pseuderanthemum variabile, Blechnum wattsii, Ripogonumfawcettianum, Sarcopteryx stipata, Dianella caerulea,Gymnostachys anceps.* Data collated from 7 of 7 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsExamples of this community in areas of very high fertility have an overstorey almost completely dominatedby Coastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) for example, Bruxner Park and Orara West State Forest. Less fertileoccurrences have a tendency for more diversity in the canopy species. Brush box (Lophostemon confertus) occursin half the sites for this floristic community.ExoticsCinnamomum camphora , Lantana camaraSpecies richnessNumber of plots 7Total species 113Average number of species 37 ±6.6Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (280ha), Bindarri State Conservation Area (1ha), Orara EastState Forest – Bruxner Park Flora Reserve (81ha), Sherwood Nature Reserve (281ha) and Ulidarra National Park(267ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 3Freehold 509National Park 552Nature Reserve 281NSW State Forest 2 493NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 62State Conservation Area 1TOTAL 3 902Threatened and Rare plants:Niemeyera whiteiRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_WSF09 (Northern Escarpment Blackbutt - Apple Wet Ferny Forest). This community generallyPage 82Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF02transitions to CH_WSF09 with increasing frequency of Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata) and decreasingfrequency of Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana). Generally CH_WSF09 occurs on slightly lessfertile and more exposed sites. CH_WSF02 also occurs adjacent to and merges into CH_RF11 (Escarpment andLowland Bangalow - Carabeen - Black Booyong Palm Gully Rainforest).EquivalentsBiometric: Blackbutt - Turpentine - Tallowwood shrubby open forest of the coastal foothills of the centralNorth Coast (NR122)Other:Community 26 - (upper and western extent - E. saligna occurrences) (Cameron et al. 2011); N3a- Eucalyptus saligna, E. grandis, E. microcorys, E. pilularis (Fisher et al. 1996)LocationsCommon along the Eastern Dorrigo Escarpment and the coastal range. Known at Pine Creek State Forest, Friday’sCreek, Orara West State Forest, Nana Creek State Forest, Lower Bucca State Forest, Ulidarra National Park andSherwood Nature Reserve.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 83


CH_WSF02Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcmena smithii 1 14% 1 27% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 2 14% 1 8% uninformativeAdiantum silvaticum 1 14% 2 5% uninformativeAlectryon subcinereus 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 3 71% 2 35% positiveAlpinia caerulea 1 29% 1 18% uninformativeAngophora costata 3 14% 2 14% uninformativeArchidendron grandiflorum 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 57% 2 23% uninformativeArchontophoenix3 100% 1 31% positivecunninghamianaAsplenium australasicum 1 14% 1 9% uninformativeAsplenium polyodon 1 14% 2 1% uninformativeAtractocarpus benthamianus 1 14% 2 7% uninformativeAustrobuxus swainii 1 14% 1 4% uninformativeBeilschmiedia obtusifolia 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 2 100% 2 37% positiveBlechnum wattsii 1 29% 2 1% uninformativeCaldcluvia paniculosa 1 100% 2 11% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 3 57% 2 17% positiveCephalomanes caudatum 2 14% 2 1% uninformativeCeratopetalum apetalum 1 29% 3 11% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 71% 1 37% uninformativeCissus sterculiifolia 1 29% 1 6% uninformativeCitronella moorei 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeClaoxylon australe 1 14% 1 6% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 14% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumClerodendrum tomentosum 1 29% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline petiolaris 1 29% 1 4% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 86% 1 37% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 4 29% 2 20% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 1 14% 2 17% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 57% 1 20% uninformativeCryptocarya obovata 1 29% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 3 86% 2 26% positiveCyathea australis 1 43% 1 13% uninformativeCyathea leichhardtiana 3 57% 1 9% positiveCymbidium suave 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeCyperus filipes 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 29% 1 51% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 43% 1 28% uninformativeDiospyros pentamera 1 14% 2 6% uninformativeDiploglottis cunninghamii 1 14% 1 4% uninformativeDoodia aspera 2 14% 2 15% uninformativeDysoxylum rufum 1 14% 2 2% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 14% 1 27% uninformativeEmbelia australiana 1 14% 1 11% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 85

CH_WSF02Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classEndiandra discolor 1 29% 1 5% uninformativeEndiandra muelleri 3 43% 1 8% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 1 14% 1 10% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 3 29% 3 17% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 4 29% 3 35% uninformativeEucalyptus pilularis 4 100% 3 26% positiveEupomatia laurina 1 29% 1 14% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 43% 1 12% uninformativeFlagellaria indica 1 14% 1 4% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 14% 1 14% uninformativeGeissois benthamiana 1 14% 2 2% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 29% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var.1 14% 1 13% uninformativeferdinandiGymnostachys anceps 1 29% 1 19% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 14% 1 32% uninformativeHymenophyllum cupressiforme 1 14% 2 0% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 29% 1 11% uninformativeLastreopsis decomposita 1 43% 2 6% uninformativeLepidozamia peroffskyana 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 1 71% 2 12% uninformativeLitsea australis 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeLitsea reticulata 1 14% 2 7% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeLomandra spicata 1 14% 1 10% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 3 57% 2 31% positiveMelodinus australis 1 57% 1 3% uninformativeMicrosorum scandens 1 14% 2 2% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 86% 1 36% uninformativeMucuna gigantea subsp. gigantea 1 14% 1 0% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 43% 1 15% uninformativeNiemeyera whitei 1 43% 1 5% uninformativePalmeria scandens 1 71% 1 9% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.1 14% 1 12% uninformativepandoranaParsonsia purpurascens 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 29% 1 27% uninformativePiper novae-hollandiae 1 14% 2 1% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 57% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 14% 1 10% uninformativePlanchonella australis 3 29% 1 5% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 29% 1 16% uninformativePothos longipes 1 14% 2 5% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 43% 2 27% uninformativeQuintinia verdonii 1 43% 2 6% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 1 14% 1 16% uninformativeRipogonum discolor 1 14% 2 11% uninformativeRipogonum elseyanum 2 14% 2 8% uninformativeRipogonum fawcettianum 1 86% 2 20% uninformativePage 86Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF02Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classRubus nebulosus 2 29% 1 5% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipata 1 71% 1 10% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 1 14% 1 12% uninformativeScolopia braunii 1 14% 1 6% uninformativeSloanea woollsii 1 14% 2 6% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 29% 1 45% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 86% 1 28% uninformativeSticherus lobatus 5 14% 1 1% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 3 57% 2 39% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.1 57% 2 34% uninformativeglandulosumSyzygium australe 1 14% 1 6% uninformativeSyzygium luehmannii 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 43% 1 27% uninformativeTasmannia insipida 1 43% 1 11% uninformativeTetrastigma nitens 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeTristaniopsis collina 4 14% 2 5% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 3 43% 1 37% uninformativeTrophis scandens 1 14% 3 0% uninformativeTylophora paniculata 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 57% 1 28% uninformativeZieria southwellii 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 87

CH_WSF03FOOTHILLS AND ESCARPMENT BLUE GUM - TALLOWWOOD -TURPENTINE WET SHRUBBY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna) –Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) – Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera)sheltered wet shrubby forest of metasedimentary hinterland foothillsand the escarpmentSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast WetSclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF03PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Brush Box – Tallowwood – Sydney BlueGum shrubby wet open forest of coastal hills and escarpment ranges,NSW North Coast Bioregion and the South Eastern Queensland Bioregion(NSW1500-933)DescriptionA very tall wet shrubby forest with a variable canopy composition usually dominated by Sydney Blue Gum(Eucalyptus saligna) with Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) and Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) as commonassociates. Other canopy species that may occur with this community include Pink Bloodwood (Corymbiaintermedia), Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) and Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis). The mid layer ischaracterised by the presence of Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana) and wet shrubby speciessuch as Rose Myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri), Murrogun (Cryptocarya microneura), Jackwood (Cryptocaryaglaucescens), Scentless Rosewood (Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum), Guioa (Guioa semiglauca), TreeHeath (Trochocarpa laurina) and Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa). Vines are predominantly Water Vine (Cissushypoglauca) and the ground layer features Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum), Pastel Flower (Pseuderanthemumvariabile) and False Bracken (Calochlaena dubia).This community is almost entirely restricted to metasediments on sheltered mid to lower slopes in the foothillsof the Orara Escarpment, Coast Range and Gleniffer/Bonville Hills. It occurs north from Valery/Bonville toConglomerate State Forest, commonly below 400 metres above sea level and is often found on the lower slopesand spurs of the coastal hinterland in areas of high soil richness.Page 88Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF03Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesTallest 15-45 55-90 Eucalyptus microcorys, Syncarpia glomulifera, Eucalyptus saligna,Eucalyptus grandis, Corymbia intermedia, Eucalyptus pilularis,Eucalyptus acmenoides.Middle layer 1 15-25 70 Syncarpia glomulifera, Allocasuarina torulosa.Middle layer 2 0.5- 15 30-75 Cryptocarya rigida, Archirhodomyrtus beckleri, Callicoma serratifolia,Cryptocarya glaucescens, Syncarpia glomulifera, Cryptocaryamicroneura, Rhodamnia rubescens, Cyathea australis.Ground 0- 1.5 10-40 Blechnum cartilagineum, Calochlaena dubia, Ripogonum fawcettianum,Oplismenus imbecillis.* Data collated from 25 of 25 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsFlooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis) is known to replace Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna) in some parts of thecommunities geographic range. Examples include Dairyville, Dingo Creek and Orara East State Forest (west ofShephards Lane near Red Hill).ExoticsAraujia sericifera, Ageratina riparia, Cinnamomum camphora, Lantana camara, Ligustrumlucidum, Ligustrum sinense, Passiflora edulis, Ochna serrulata, Schefflera actinophylla, Solanum pseudocapsicumSpecies richnessNumber of plots 25Total species 201Average number of species 40 ±8.8Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (205ha), Bongil Bongil National Park (73ha), Bruxner ParkFlora Reserve (11ha), Sherwood Nature Reserve (17ha) and Ulidarra National Park (25ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 10Freehold 1 789National Park 313Nature Reserve 18NSW State Forest 1 384NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 10TOTAL 3 525Threatened and Rare plants:Austrobuxus swainii, Marsdenia liisae, Niemeyera whitei, Parsonsia dorrigoensisRelationship to other communitiesThis community often occurs adjacent to and may be replaced by CH_WSF01 (Coast and Hinterland RiparianFlooded Gum - Bangalow Wet Forest) toward the coast and alluvial river flats where there is an increasingproportion of Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis) and Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana). Otherspecies such as Callicoma (Callicoma serratifolia) and Rose Myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri) are likely to be lesscommon in CH_WSF01. CH_WSF03 is also related to CH_WSF02 (Hinterland Blackbutt Bangalow Turpentine WetShrubby Forest) and often occurs in close proximity and, at times, CH_WSF03 will transition to CH_WSF02 alongVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 89

CH_WSF03the topographical gradient from the lower foot slopes to the steeper and more sheltered aspects in the gully.CH_WSF02 is distinguished by an increase in Coastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) and less Sydney Blue Gum(Eucalyptus saligna). CH_WSF02 generally occurs higher up in the topography and at the head of gullies ratherthan the lower foothills and spurs.EquivalentsBiometric:258)Sydney Blue Gum Open Forest on Coastal Foothills and Escarpment of the North Coast (NROther:Community 26 - Upper and western extent Sydney Blue Gum occurrences only (Cameron et al.2011); N3a – Sydney Blue Gum (Fisher et al. 1996).LocationsKnown locations include the Urumbilum Valley, Frontage Creek, upper reaches of the Orara River, south-facingslopes in Sherwood Nature Reserve, Mirum Creek, Dingo Creek, Friday’s Creek, Wongiwomble Creek andTallawudjah Creek.Page 90Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF03Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 91

CH_WSF03Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAbrophyllum ornans 2 4% 2 1% uninformativeAcacia binervata 1 8% 2 5% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 1 4% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 16% 1 14% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 1 12% 2 19% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 36% 1 26% uninformativeAcronychia oblongifolia 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeAcronychia pubescens 1 4% 2 2% uninformativeAdiantum formosum 2 4% 1 2% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 1 8% 2 9% uninformativeAdiantum silvaticum 1 4% 2 5% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 2 56% 2 34% positiveAlphitonia excelsa 1 40% 1 13% uninformativeAlpinia arundelliana 1 8% 1 0% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 1 48% 1 16% uninformativeAneilema acuminatum 1 4% 2 1% uninformativeAngophora costata 2 16% 2 14% uninformativeAphananthe philippinensis 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 3 88% 2 20% positiveArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 84% 1 29% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 12% 1 9% uninformativeAsterolasia correifolia 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeAustrobuxus swainii 2 8% 1 4% uninformativeAustrosteenisia glabristyla 1 8% 2 0% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 1 8% 1 11% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 3 100% 2 34% positiveBreynia oblongifolia 1 32% 1 29% uninformativeCaldcluvia paniculosa 1 12% 2 12% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 3 52% 2 15% positiveCalochlaena dubia 1 64% 2 25% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 4% 1 8% uninformativeCelastrus subspicata 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeCephalaralia cephalobotrys 1 4% 1 5% uninformativeCinnamomum virens 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 12% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 68% 1 36% uninformativeCissus sterculiifolia 1 4% 1 7% uninformativeClaoxylon australe 1 8% 1 6% uninformativeClematis aristata 1 8% 1 11% uninformativeClematis glycinoides 1 8% 1 6% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 12% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumClerodendrum tomentosum 1 8% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 80% 1 36% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 1 44% 2 19% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 2 80% 2 14% positiveCryptocarya microneura 2 56% 1 18% positiveCryptocarya obovata 1 12% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 3 80% 2 24% positiveCyathea australis 3 32% 1 12% uninformativePage 92Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF03Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classCyathea leichhardtiana 1 8% 1 10% uninformativeCyperus filipes 2 8% 1 3% uninformativeDavallia solida var. pyxidata 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeDeeringia amaranthoides 1 4% 0 0% positiveDenhamia celastroides 4 4% 1 9% uninformativeDesmodium gunnii 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 68% 1 49% uninformativeDictymia brownii 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 92% 1 24% uninformativeDiospyros fasciculosa 2 8% 1 1% uninformativeDiploglottis cunninghamii 1 12% 1 4% uninformativeDipodium variegatum 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 1 8% 1 9% uninformativeDoodia aspera 2 16% 2 15% uninformativeDrypetes deplanchei 1 4% 1 5% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 1 4% 1 5% uninformativeElaeocarpus obovatus 1 4% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 52% 1 26% uninformativeEmbelia australiana 1 20% 1 11% uninformativeEmmenosperma alphitonioides 1 4% 2 0% uninformativeEndiandra discolor 1 16% 1 5% uninformativeEndiandra muelleri 1 12% 1 9% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 1 20% 1 9% uninformativeEndiandra virens 4 4% 0 0% positiveEntolasia stricta 1 24% 2 25% uninformativeEucalyptus acmenoides 4 8% 2 8% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 4 36% 3 16% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 3 60% 2 33% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 4 24% 3 27% uninformativeEucalyptus resinifera subsp.1 4% 3 11% uninformativehemilampraEucalyptus saligna 4 44% 3 7% uninformativeEupomatia bennettii 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 2 32% 1 14% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 32% 1 29% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 12% 1 13% uninformativeFicus watkinsiana 1 4% 2 5% uninformativeFlagellaria indica 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 24% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 1 8% 2 14% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 28% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 20% 1 13% uninformativeGmelina leichhardtii 1 4% 1 3% uninformativeGuilfoylia monostylis 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 60% 1 26% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 28% 1 18% uninformativeHardenbergia violacea 1 4% 1 8% uninformativeHibbertia dentata 1 24% 1 6% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 60% 1 30% uninformativeHomalanthus populifolius 1 4% 1 3% uninformativeHymenosporum flavum 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 2 12% 2 33% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 93

CH_WSF03Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 48% 1 9% uninformativeLastreopsis decomposita 1 16% 2 6% uninformativeLepidosperma latens 1 12% 1 0% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 1 20% 1 17% uninformativeLepidozamia peroffskyana 1 16% 1 1% uninformativeLindsaea microphylla 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 1 8% 2 13% uninformativeLitsea australis 1 8% 1 5% uninformativeLitsea reticulata 1 4% 2 7% uninformativeLobelia trigonocaulis 1 8% 1 6% uninformativeLomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeLomandra filiformis 1 8% 1 12% uninformativeLomandra hystrix 1 4% 2 2% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 44% 2 52% negativeLomandra multiflora subsp.1 8% 1 5% uninformativemultifloraLomandra spicata 1 4% 1 10% uninformativeLomatia silaifolia 1 4% 1 9% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 1 36% 2 31% uninformativeLophostemon suaveolens 3 8% 2 9% uninformativeMaclura cochinchinensis 1 4% 1 7% uninformativeMarsdenia liisae 1 4% 1 0% uninformativeMaytenus silvestris 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeMelicope hayesii 1 16% 1 3% uninformativeMelicope micrococca 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeMelodinus acutiflorus 1 4% 0 0% positiveMelodinus australis 1 12% 1 3% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 64% 1 35% uninformativeMyrsine howittiana 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 16% 1 16% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 16% 1 16% uninformativeNiemeyera whitei 1 4% 1 5% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 36% 1 26% uninformativeNotodanthonia longifolia 1 4% 0 0% positiveOplismenus aemulus 2 4% 2 13% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 2 44% 2 21% uninformativeOttochloa gracillima 1 16% 2 9% uninformativeOxalis exilis 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeOxalis perennans 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 1 4% 1 9% uninformativePalmeria scandens 1 16% 1 9% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.1 16% 1 11% uninformativepandoranaPanicum pygmaeum 1 4% 2 1% uninformativeParsonsia dorrigoensis 1 4% 0 0% positiveParsonsia straminea 1 28% 1 27% uninformativePersoonia media 1 4% 2 7% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 16% 1 18% uninformativePetermannia cirrosa 1 4% 1 6% uninformativePhyllanthus similis 1 4% 1 2% uninformativePilidiostigma glabrum 1 36% 1 11% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 1 4% 1 13% uninformativePage 94Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF03Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPittosporum revolutum 1 12% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 24% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 16% 1 16% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 16% 1 16% uninformativePomaderris aspera 2 8% 2 0% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 12% 1 24% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 72% 2 25% positivePsychotria loniceroides 1 16% 1 14% uninformativePteridium esculentum 1 20% 2 32% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 2 4% 1 5% uninformativePyrrosia rupestris 2 4% 2 3% uninformativeQuintinia verdonii 1 12% 1 6% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 1 36% 1 15% uninformativeRipogonum elseyanum 1 8% 2 8% uninformativeRipogonum fawcettianum 2 92% 2 17% positiveRubus moluccanus var. moluccanus 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeRubus moorei 2 4% 1 3% uninformativeRubus nebulosus 1 16% 1 5% uninformativeRubus parvifolius 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 8% 1 9% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipata 1 16% 1 11% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 1 8% 1 12% uninformativeSeringia arborescens 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeSloanea woollsii 1 4% 2 6% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 60% 1 43% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 52% 1 27% uninformativeSolanum hapalum 1 8% 1 6% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 36% 1 21% uninformativeSymplocos stawellii 1 4% 0 0% positiveSyncarpia glomulifera 3 76% 2 37% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.1 68% 2 33% uninformativeglandulosumSyzygium crebrinerve 1 4% 2 1% uninformativeSyzygium oleosum 1 8% 1 6% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 76% 1 25% uninformativeTasmannia insipida 1 4% 1 12% uninformativeToechima dasyrrhache 1 4% 0 0% positiveToona ciliata 1 4% 2 1% uninformativeTrimenia moorei 1 4% 1 3% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 2 20% 1 9% uninformativeTristaniopsis collina 1 20% 2 4% uninformativeTristaniopsis laurina 1 4% 2 3% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 1 60% 2 36% uninformativeTrophis scandens 1 4% 3 0% uninformativeTylophora paniculata 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeVeronica plebeia 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeViola banksii 2 12% 1 16% uninformativeWikstroemia indica 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 76% 1 25% uninformativeXanthorrhoea macronema 1 4% 1 6% uninformativeZieria smithii 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeZieria southwellii 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 95

CH_WSF05FOOTHILLS TO ESCARPMENT BRUSH BOX - TALLOWWOOD -BLACKBUTT WET FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) – Tallowwood(Eucalyptus microcorys) – Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) – Flooded Gum(Eucalyptus grandis) wet shrubby forest of sheltered gully heads andslopes on metasedimentsSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast WetSclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF05PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Turpentine – Brush Box – Flooded Gum– Blackbutt shrubby moist forest of sub-coastal lowlands, NSW NorthCoast Bioregion and South Eastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW1500-929)DescriptionThe dominance of Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) in the canopy is a diagnostic feature of this communitywhich occurs predominantly in gully heads of the escarpment and coastal ranges. Other associated canopyspecies include Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys), Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) and Turpentine (Syncarpiaglomulifera). In the mid layer a diversity of small rainforest trees and shrubs are present such as Jackwood(Cryptocarya glaucescens), Scentless Rosewood (Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum), Scrub Turpentine(Rhodamnia rubescens), Rose Myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri), Forest Maple (Cryptocarya rigida), and Murrogun(Cryptocarya microneura). Water Vine (Cissus hypoglauca) grows in dense smothering layers in canopy gaps.Tree Ferns (Cyathea australis) are often common. The sparse ground layer comprises Gristle Fern (Blechnumcartilagineum) and Pastel Flower (Pseuderanthemum variabile).Often adjacent to gully rainforest on metasediments or alluvial areas on sheltered steep slopes and upper gullyreaches. Common below the eastern Dorrigo escarpment rim (around 500m elevation).Page 96Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF05Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 5 - 45 20-60 Lophostemon confertus, Eucalyptus grandis, Syncarpia glomuliferaEucalyptus microcorys, Eucalyptus pilularis,Middle layer 1 5 - 30 5-50 Lophostemon confertus, Syncarpia glomulifera, Cissus hypoglauca, Guioasemiglauca, Cryptocarya rigida, Cryptocarya microneura, Neolitsea dealbata,Elaeocarpus reticulatusMiddle layer 2 1 - 10 20-60 Archirhodomyrtus beckleri, Cryptocarya glaucescens, Cryptocaryamicroneura, Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum, Cordyline stricta,Cyathea australis, Endiandra sieberi, Ficus coronata, Morinda jasminoides,Notelaea longifolia, Pittosporum undulatum, Rhodamnia rubescens,Ripogonum fawcettianum, Smilax australis, Tabernaemontana pandacaqui,Trochocarpa laurina, Wilkiea huegelianaLower layer 1 0 - 1.2 20-70 Doodia aspera, Blechnum cartilagineum, Clematis glycinoides, Dianellacaerulea, Dioscorea transversa, Eupomatia laurina, Gahnia aspera,Gymnostachys anceps, Lomandra longifolia, Oplismenus imbecillis,Pseuderanthemum variabile* Structural data collated from 26 of 27 full floristic sitesExoticsCinnamomum camphora, Lantana camara, Murraya paniculata, Ochna serrulata, Passifloraedulis, Passiflora suberosa, Senna pendula, Syagrus romanzoffianaSpecies richnessNumber of plots 27Total species 249Average number of species 40 ±12Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (154ha), Conglomerate SF – Madman’s Creek Flora Reserve(9ha), Sherwood Nature Reserve (86ha), Ulidarra National Park (112ha), Orara East SF – Bruxner Park flora Reserve(58ha) and Yuraygir National Park (17ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 18Freehold 1 721National Park 304Nature Reserve 102NSW State Forest 2 544NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 85TOTAL 4 774Threatened and Rare plants:Cryptocarya dorrigoensis, Niemeyera whitei, Quassia sp, ‘Moonee Creek’Relationship to other communitiesOften this community occurs upslope of CH_RF11 (Escarpment and Lowland Bangalow - Carabeen - BlackBooyong Palm Gully Rainforest). CH_WSF05 adjoins and grades into several wet sclerophyll communitiesincluding CH_WSF02 (Hinterland Blackbutt - Bangalow - Turpentine Wet Shrubby Tall Forest), CH_WSF03 (Foothillsand Escarpment Blue Gum – Tallowwood - Turpentine Wet Shrubby Forest) and CH_WSF01 (Coast and HinterlandRiparian Flooded Gum Bangalow Wet Forest). Understorey species can be similar across these communitiesVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 97

CH_WSF05but Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) becomes less dominant and is replaced by other canopy species as thetopography, soil and aspect changes. The dominance of Brush Box (L. confertus) in the gully head environment isa key distinguishing feature of this community.EquivalentsBiometric: Blackbutt - Turpentine - Tallowwood shrubby open forest of the coastal foothills of the central NorthCoast (NR122).Other: N52a – Flooded Gum (Fisher et al. 1996)LocationsUrumbilum Creek (escarpment); Fridays’ Creek Orara West State Forest, Tucker’s Knob State Forest, Matilda Road,Bagawa State Forest; Mt. Brown Road near South Island Loop Road, Upper Orara; Karangi, above Karangi Dam;Woolgoolga Creek Road near Gentle Annie Road.Page 98Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_WSF05Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAbrophyllum ornans 3 7% 2 1% uninformativeAcacia elongata 2 4% 1 0% uninformativeAcacia fimbriata 1 4% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 1 11% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia longissima 1 7% 1 1% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 26% 1 13% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 2 22% 2 18% uninformativeAcacia oshanesii 1 4% 3 1% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 56% 1 25% uninformativeAcronychia oblongifolia 1 11% 1 4% uninformativeAdiantum aethiopicum 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeAdiantum atroviride 1 4% 1 0% uninformativeAdiantum formosum 1 4% 2 2% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 2 26% 1 7% uninformativeAdiantum silvaticum 2 7% 1 5% uninformativeAkania bidwillii 1 7% 2 2% uninformativeAlchornea ilicifolia 1 4% 2 0% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 3 19% 3 9% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 1 44% 2 35% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 1 11% 1 14% uninformativeAlpinia arundelliana 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 1 37% 1 17% uninformativeAngophora costata 3 22% 2 13% uninformativeAraucaria cunninghamii 1 4% 1 6% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 2 41% 2 22% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 41% 1 31% uninformativeArytera divaricata 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 7% 1 9% uninformativeAtractocarpus benthamianus 1 4% 2 8% uninformativeAustrobuxus swainii 2 7% 1 4% uninformativeAustrosteenisia blackii var. blackii 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeBackhousia myrtifolia 1 4% 2 2% uninformativeBaloghia inophylla 1 4% 2 2% uninformativeBeilschmiedia elliptica 1 7% 2 2% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 2 4% 1 11% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 3 93% 2 35% positiveBreynia oblongifolia 1 33% 1 29% uninformativeBrunoniella australis 1 4% 1 3% uninformativeCaladenia carnea 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 2 15% 2 14% uninformativeCaldcluvia paniculosa 2 33% 2 11% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 1 7% 2 18% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 2 19% 3 12% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 2 44% 2 26% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 7% 1 8% uninformativeCelastrus subspicata 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeCephalaralia cephalobotrys 2 7% 1 5% uninformativeCeratopetalum gummiferum 3 7% 1 2% uninformativePage 100Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classChoricarpia leptopetala 2 7% 4 2% uninformativeChristella dentata 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeCinnamomum oliveri 2 7% 1 6% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 37% 1 18% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 2 67% 1 36% positiveClaoxylon australe 1 11% 1 6% uninformativeClematis aristata 2 7% 1 11% uninformativeClematis glycinoides 1 19% 1 5% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 4% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumClerodendrum tomentosum 1 7% 1 5% uninformativeCommelina cyanea 1 4% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline petiolaris 2 7% 1 4% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 70% 1 36% uninformativeCorymbia gummifera 3 7% 2 9% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 1 11% 2 21% uninformativeCroton verreauxii 1 4% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya dorrigoensis 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 2 41% 2 16% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 63% 1 18% uninformativeCryptocarya obovata 1 4% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 2 74% 2 24% positiveCryptocarya triplinervis 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeCupaniopsis anacardioides 1 7% 1 11% uninformativeCuttsia viburnea 2 7% 2 2% uninformativeCyathea australis 2 33% 1 12% uninformativeCyathea leichhardtiana 1 4% 1 10% uninformativeCyclophyllum longipetalum 1 11% 1 5% uninformativeCyperus filipes 2 4% 1 3% uninformativeDavallia solida var. pyxidata 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeDendrobium aemulum 2 7% 2 1% uninformativeDendrobium gracilicaule 1 4% 2 1% uninformativeDendrobium tetragonum 1 7% 1 1% uninformativeDenhamia celastroides 1 15% 1 8% uninformativeDenhamia pittosporoides subsp.1 4% 0 0% positivepittosporoidesDesmodium gunnii 1 4% 1 5% uninformativeDesmodium rhytidophyllum 1 7% 1 7% uninformativeDesmodium varians 1 4% 1 7% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 56% 1 50% uninformativeDichondra repens 1 4% 1 5% uninformativeDictymia brownii 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 74% 1 25% uninformativeDiospyros australis 1 4% 2 1% uninformativeDiospyros fasciculosa 2 11% 1 1% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 3 4% 1 10% uninformativeDoodia aspera 2 67% 2 12% positiveDoodia linearis 1 4% 1 0% uninformativeDrypetes deplanchei 1 4% 1 5% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 101

CH_WSF05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classDysoxylum mollissimum subsp.1 7% 2 2% uninformativemolleDysoxylum rufum 1 11% 2 2% uninformativeEchinostephia aculeata 1 4% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 37% 1 27% uninformativeElaeodendron australe var. australe 1 7% 1 3% uninformativeElattostachys nervosa 1 4% 1 3% uninformativeEmbelia australiana 1 11% 1 11% uninformativeEndiandra discolor 1 7% 1 5% uninformativeEndiandra muelleri 2 15% 1 9% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 1 19% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 2 4% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 2 22% 2 25% uninformativeEucalyptus acmenoides 2 15% 2 8% uninformativeEucalyptus ancophila 4 4% 0 0% positiveEucalyptus biturbinata 2 4% 3 0% uninformativeEucalyptus carnea 1 4% 2 11% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 3 22% 3 17% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 2 78% 3 32% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 3 44% 3 26% uninformativeEucalyptus propinqua 3 11% 3 14% uninformativeEucalyptus resinifera subsp.3 11% 3 10% uninformativehemilampraEucalyptus saligna 4 15% 3 9% uninformativeEucalyptus siderophloia 2 7% 3 11% uninformativeEucalyptus signata 1 4% 3 2% uninformativeEupomatia bennettii 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 1 52% 1 12% uninformativeEuroschinus falcatus 2 7% 1 4% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 7% 1 31% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 33% 1 12% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 33% 1 13% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 1 4% 2 14% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 33% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var.1 15% 1 13% uninformativeferdinandiGmelina leichhardtii 1 7% 1 3% uninformativeGuilfoylia monostylis 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 2 59% 1 26% positiveGymnostachys anceps 1 33% 1 18% uninformativeHeritiera actinophylla 1 4% 2 3% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 2 7% 1 10% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 26% 1 32% uninformativeHibiscus heterophyllus subsp.1 4% 2 1% uninformativeheterophyllusHomalanthus populifolius 1 7% 1 3% uninformativeHovea acutifolia 1 4% 2 1% uninformativeHybanthus enneaspermus 1 4% 1 3% uninformativeHybanthus stellarioides 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeHymenosporum flavum 1 4% 1 2% uninformativePage 102Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classImperata cylindrica 1 11% 2 33% uninformativeIndigofera australis 2 4% 2 4% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 11% 1 11% uninformativeJasminum volubile 1 4% 0 0% positiveLagenophora gracilis 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeLastreopsis acuminata 1 4% 3 1% uninformativeLastreopsis decomposita 2 44% 1 4% uninformativeLepidosperma elatius 2 4% 2 1% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 2 15% 1 17% uninformativeLeptospermum petersonii 2 4% 3 0% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 2 7% 1 12% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 4% 1 20% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 1 7% 2 13% uninformativeLitsea australis 1 4% 1 5% uninformativeLitsea reticulata 2 4% 2 7% uninformativeLobelia trigonocaulis 1 7% 1 6% uninformativeLomandra filiformis 1 7% 1 12% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 52% 2 51% negativeLomandra spicata 1 4% 1 10% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 3 96% 2 27% positiveLophostemon suaveolens 3 4% 2 9% uninformativeMallotus philippensis 1 4% 2 1% uninformativeMarsdenia flavescens 1 4% 0 0% positiveMarsdenia lloydii 2 4% 1 2% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 2 7% 1 8% uninformativeMaytenus bilocularis 1 11% 1 4% uninformativeMelaleuca styphelioides 2 4% 2 1% uninformativeMelicope hayesii 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeMelodinus australis 3 7% 1 4% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 67% 1 35% uninformativeMyosotis exarrhena 2 4% 0 0% positiveMyrsine howittiana 1 4% 1 2% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 19% 1 16% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 44% 1 14% uninformativeNiemeyera whitei 1 26% 2 4% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 37% 1 26% uninformativeNotelaea venosa 3 7% 1 1% uninformativeOlea paniculata 2 4% 1 0% uninformativeOlearia nernstii 2 4% 2 0% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 2 37% 2 21% uninformativePalmeria scandens 1 15% 1 9% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.1 15% 1 12% uninformativepandoranaParsonsia straminea 1 26% 1 28% uninformativePersoonia media 1 4% 2 7% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 11% 1 19% uninformativePetalostigma triloculare 1 4% 1 0% uninformativePetermannia cirrosa 1 4% 1 6% uninformativePilidiostigma glabrum 1 7% 1 12% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 103

CH_WSF05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPimelea latifolia 1 4% 1 1% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 1 19% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 26% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 30% 1 9% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 15% 1 16% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 1 7% 1 5% uninformativePlectranthus parviflorus 2 4% 1 2% uninformativePoa sieberiana 1 4% 2 5% uninformativePolyscias elegans 1 4% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 11% 1 17% uninformativePomax umbellata 2 7% 1 6% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 11% 1 24% uninformativeProstanthera ovalifolia 3 4% 0 0% positivePseuderanthemum variabile 2 41% 2 26% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 26% 1 13% uninformativePteridium esculentum 1 7% 2 33% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 2 4% 1 5% uninformativeQuassia sp. ‘Moonee Creek’ 2 4% 0 0% positiveQuintinia verdonii 1 4% 1 6% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 2 59% 1 13% positiveRhodomyrtus psidioides 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeRipogonum album 2 7% 2 7% uninformativeRipogonum discolor 1 7% 2 11% uninformativeRipogonum elseyanum 1 7% 2 8% uninformativeRipogonum fawcettianum 2 44% 2 19% uninformativeRubus moluccanus var. moluccanus 1 7% 1 2% uninformativeRubus nebulosus 1 7% 1 5% uninformativeRubus parvifolius 1 4% 1 4% uninformativeSarcochilus falcatus 1 4% 2 1% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 22% 1 8% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipata 1 22% 1 11% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 1 15% 1 12% uninformativeScolopia braunii 1 19% 1 5% uninformativeSloanea australis 3 7% 3 5% uninformativeSloanea woollsii 1 7% 2 6% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 59% 1 43% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 33% 1 28% uninformativeSolanum hapalum 1 4% 1 6% uninformativeSolanum stelligerum 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeStenocarpus salignus 2 4% 1 4% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 33% 1 21% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 2 74% 3 37% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.2 85% 2 31% positiveglandulosumSyzygium oleosum 2 7% 1 6% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 37% 1 27% uninformativeTasmannia insipida 1 11% 1 12% uninformativeTetrastigma nitens 1 11% 1 2% uninformativeThemeda australis 1 4% 3 25% uninformativePage 104Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classTripladenia cunninghamii 2 7% 1 10% uninformativeTristaniopsis collina 1 4% 2 5% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 2 74% 1 35% positiveTylophora paniculata 1 19% 1 2% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 2 4% 1 11% uninformativeViola banksii 1 4% 1 17% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 52% 1 27% uninformativeXanthorrhoea macronema 2 4% 1 6% uninformativeXanthorrhoea malacophylla 3 4% 2 1% uninformativeZieria arborescens 1 4% 2 0% uninformativeZieria smithii 1 7% 1 4% uninformativeZieria southwellii 1 4% 1 1% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 105

CH_WSF06PLATEAU BLUE GUM - TALLOWWOOD -FLOODED GUM WET SHRUBBY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna) –Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) – Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis)wet shrubby forest on sheltered metasedimentary hills of the EasternDorrigo PlateauSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast WetSclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF06PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Brush Box – Tallowwood – Sydney BlueGum shrubby wet open forest of coastal hills and escarpment ranges,NSW North Coast Bioregion and the South Eastern Queensland Bioregion(NSW1500-933)DescriptionA medium to tall open moist forest with a variable canopy usually dominated by Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptussaligna), Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) or Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis). Brush Box (Lophostemonconfertus) and Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) are common associates. The mid stratum is diverse and containsBlack Wattle (Callicoma serratifolia), Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon), Rose Myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri),Jackwood (Cryptocarya glaucescens), Tree Heath (Trochocarpa laurina) and Forest Maple (Cryptocarya rigida) whichPage 106Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF06are often dense especially in less disturbed examples of this community. The ground layer is often sparse andconsists mainly of Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum) and Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia).Common on the lower and middle slopes of the eastern Dorrigo plateau above the escarpment rim (about 500mASL) on soils of sedimentary and metasedimentary origin.Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 5 - 45 25 - 50 Eucalyptus saligna, Eucalyptus microcorys, Eucalyptus pilularis, Lophostemonconfertus.Middle 1 0.5 - 20 30 - 80 Callicoma serratifolia, Acacia melanoxylon, Tristaniopsis collina, Alphitoniaexcelsa.Middle 2 3 - 20 25 - 70 Cryptocarya glaucescens, Cryptocarya rigida, Trochocarpa laurina, Synoumglandulosum subsp. glandulosum, Persoonia media, Archirhodomyrtusbeckleri, Duboisia myoporoides, Parsonsia straminea.Lower .01 – 0.5 5 - 65 Blechnum cartilagineum, Lomandra longifolia, Gahnia aspera,Pseuderanthemum variabile, Pratia purpurascens, Panicum pygmaeum,Lobelia trigonocaulis, Doodia aspera.* Structural data collated from 10 of 11 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThe canopy dominance of this community is varied across its distribution. Strong dominance of Sydney BlueGum (Eucalyptus saligna), Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis) and Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) which haveall been recorded, though a mix of these species is the most common occurrence. The dense mid stratum ofpredominantly warm temperate shrubby species is consistent throughout all occurrences. There is an exampleof this community where Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) is the only canopy species that occurs alongCoopernook Creek Road in Dorrigo National Park. This community also occurs with a high proportion of FloodedGum (Eucalyptus grandis) in various areas around the eastern Dorrigo plateau including Wild Cattle Creek StateForest near Coopernook Creek and some areas near Eve Creek.ExoticsAraujia sericifera, Cinnamomum camphora, Passiflora subpeltata, Solanum mauritianum,Solanum pseudocapsicumSpecies richnessNumber of plots 11Total species 140Average number of species 31 ±11.5Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri NP (213ha), Dorrigo NP (134ha) and Bindarri SCA (18ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 66Freehold 2122National Park 349NSW State Forest 1400State Conservation Area 18TOTAL 3956Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 107


CH_WSF06Relationship to other communitiesStrongly related to CH_RF12 (Escarpment Coachwood - Sassafras - Brush Box Warm Temperate Rainforest),CH_RF03 (Plateau/Escarpment Coachwood Sassafras Warm Temperate Rainforest) and CH_WSF07 (Plateau andEscarpment Rim Brush Box Blackbutt Wet Forest). CH_WSF07 is similar in the understorey but has a relativedominance of Coastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) in the canopy. CH_WSF06 is replaced by CH_WSF03 (Blue Gum – Tallowwood – Turpentine Wet Shrubby Forest) at lower elevationswhere the sub-tropical influence on the understorey species is stronger.EquivalentsBiometric:(NR264).Tallowwood - Sydney Blue Gum moist open forest of the coastal ranges of the North CoastOther: N3/N3a – Sydney Blue Gum (Fisher et al. 1996)LocationsKnown examples include St. John’s Creek, near Bobo River in Wild Cattle Creek State Forest; Eastern Dorrigo Way,Timmsvale; Ulong; Moleton Road, Moleton.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 109

CH_WSF06Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia binervata 2 27% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia fimbriata 3 18% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 1 9% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 2 73% 2 17% positiveAcacia suaveolens 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 18% 1 27% uninformativeAcrotriche aggregata 3 9% 1 1% uninformativeAdiantum formosum 1 9% 2 2% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 3 36% 3 9% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 1 27% 2 36% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 1 18% 1 14% uninformativeAngophora costata 2 9% 2 14% uninformativeAphanopetalum resinosum 1 9% 3 1% uninformativeAraucaria cunninghamii 1 9% 1 6% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 2 64% 2 22% positiveBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 1 9% 1 8% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 1 9% 1 10% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 2 82% 2 37% positiveBlechnum nudum 3 9% 2 0% uninformativeCaldcluvia paniculosa 2 36% 2 12% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 2 82% 2 16% positiveCallistemon salignus 1 18% 3 12% uninformativeCallitris macleayana 5 9% 1 1% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 2 18% 2 27% uninformativeCarex longebrachiata 2 9% 2 0% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 9% 1 8% uninformativeCeratopetalum apetalum 3 18% 3 11% uninformativeCinnamomum oliveri 1 9% 1 6% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 27% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 45% 1 38% uninformativeClaoxylon australe 1 9% 1 6% uninformativeClematis glycinoides 1 9% 1 6% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 9% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumCordyline petiolaris 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeCordyline stricta 2 45% 1 38% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 2 73% 2 16% positiveCryptocarya rigida 3 55% 2 26% positiveCyathea australis 1 45% 1 12% uninformativeCyathea leichhardtiana 2 18% 1 10% uninformativeDenhamia celastroides 1 27% 1 8% uninformativeDesmodium gunnii 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeDeyeuxia reflexa 1 9% 0 0% positiveDianella caerulea 2 18% 1 51% uninformativeDichondra repens 2 9% 1 5% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 18% 1 28% uninformativeDiospyros fasciculosa 1 9% 2 1% uninformativePage 110Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF06Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classDoodia aspera 2 18% 2 15% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 1 27% 1 4% uninformativeEhretia acuminata var. acuminata 1 9% 1 1% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 2 45% 1 27% uninformativeEndiandra muelleri 1 9% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 2 18% 1 9% uninformativeEucalyptus carnea 4 9% 2 10% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 3 27% 3 17% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 2 73% 3 34% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 4 18% 3 27% uninformativeEucalyptus saligna 3 73% 3 8% positiveEustrephus latifolius 1 27% 1 29% uninformativeGahnia aspera 2 27% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia melanocarpa 2 9% 1 1% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 9% 1 24% uninformativeGlycine microphylla 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeGonocarpus oreophilus 2 9% 1 0% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 2 18% 1 28% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 27% 1 19% uninformativeHibbertia dentata 1 9% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 36% 1 31% uninformativeHydrocotyle pedicellosa 1 9% 2 2% uninformativeHydrocotyle peduncularis 2 9% 1 6% uninformativeHypolepis glandulifera 1 9% 0 0% positiveImperata cylindrica 1 9% 2 32% uninformativeLepidosperma elatius 2 9% 2 1% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 2 9% 1 17% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 9% 1 12% uninformativeLeucopogon juniperinus 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 2 18% 1 19% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 2 9% 1 13% uninformativeLobelia trigonocaulis 2 18% 1 6% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 100% 2 50% constantLophostemon confertus 2 45% 2 31% uninformativeMaytenus bilocularis 2 9% 1 4% uninformativeMelicope hayesii 2 9% 1 4% uninformativeMelicope micrococca 1 18% 1 2% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 2 9% 1 37% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 36% 1 16% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 2 9% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 27% 1 27% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 2 18% 2 22% uninformativeOxalis chnoodes 2 9% 1 0% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 2 9% 1 9% uninformativePalmeria scandens 1 9% 1 10% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.1 9% 1 12% uninformativepandoranaPanicum pygmaeum 2 18% 1 0% uninformativeParsonsia purpurascens 1 9% 1 2% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 111

CH_WSF06Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classParsonsia straminea 2 55% 1 27% positivePersoonia media 3 55% 1 6% positivePetermannia cirrosa 1 18% 1 5% uninformativePhyllanthus similis 1 9% 1 2% uninformativePilidiostigma glabrum 2 45% 1 11% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 1 9% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 9% 1 13% uninformativePlanchonella australis 1 9% 1 5% uninformativePoa sieberiana 2 9% 2 5% uninformativePodolobium aciculiferum 3 18% 2 0% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 36% 1 16% uninformativePoranthera microphylla 1 9% 1 2% uninformativePratia purpurascens 2 18% 1 23% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 18% 2 27% uninformativePsychotria daphnoides 1 9% 0 0% positivePteridium esculentum 1 64% 2 31% uninformativeQuintinia verdonii 2 18% 1 6% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 1 18% 1 16% uninformativeRipogonum discolor 2 36% 2 10% uninformativeRipogonum elseyanum 1 9% 2 8% uninformativeRipogonum fawcettianum 3 18% 2 21% uninformativeRubus moluccanus var. moluccanus 2 18% 1 2% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 2 36% 1 3% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipata 2 9% 1 11% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 2 27% 1 12% uninformativeSeringia arborescens 2 18% 1 2% uninformativeSigesbeckia orientalis subsp. orientalis 1 9% 1 2% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 82% 1 43% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 45% 1 28% uninformativeSolanum aviculare 1 9% 1 0% uninformativeSolanum hapalum 2 9% 1 6% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 9% 1 22% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 3 18% 3 39% uninformativeSynoum glandulosum subsp.2 27% 2 35% uninformativeglandulosumSyzygium australe 3 9% 1 6% uninformativeSyzygium oleosum 1 9% 1 6% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 2 18% 1 28% uninformativeTasmannia insipida 1 9% 1 12% uninformativeTrimenia moorei 2 9% 1 3% uninformativeTristaniopsis collina 2 45% 2 4% uninformativeTristaniopsis laurina 1 9% 2 3% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 2 64% 1 36% positiveViola banksii 2 9% 1 16% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 36% 1 28% uninformativeZieria arborescens 2 9% 1 0% uninformativeZieria smithii 2 18% 1 4% uninformativePage 112Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF07PLATEAU AND ESCARPMENT RIM BRUSH BOX -BLACKBUTT WET FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) – Blackbutt(Eucalyptus pilularis) wet forest to Warm Temperate Rainforest of exposedridges and slopes of the plateau and escarpment rimSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – Northern Escarpment WetSclerophyll Forests (Keith 2006)CH_WSF07PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Coachwood – Sassafras – Crabappletall closed forest of the Dorrigo area in the NSW North Coast Bioregion(NSW1000-1591)DescriptionA tall open wet forest with a variable canopy dominated by Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) and/or CoastalBlackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis). The mid-stratum is rich and diverse and often characterised by warm temperaterainforest species including Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum), Black Wattle (Callicoma serratifolia), Blackwood(Acacia melanoxylon), Blueberry Ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Crab-apple (Schizomeria ovata), Scentless Rosewood(Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum), Rose Myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri), Tree Heath (Trochocarpalaurina) and Forest Maple (Cryptocarya rigida). Often the sclerophyll canopy is reduced to sparse emergents as thiscommunity grades into warm temperate rainforest. Vines include Climbing Guinea Flower (Hibbertia scandens)and Anchor Vine (Palmeria scandens). A sparse ground cover is present and consists mainly of Gristle Fern(Blechnum cartilagineum) and Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia) with other species such as SmithianZieria (Zieria smithii) and Brush Pepperbush (Tasmannia insipida).This community is restricted to the Eastern Dorrigo Plateau.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 113

CH_WSF07Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 5 - 30 30 - 40 Lophostemon confertus, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus grandis,Eucalyptus microcorys, Eucalyptus saligna.Mid stratum 5 - 20 30 - 70 Callicoma serratifolia, Ceratopetalum apetalum, Archirhodomyrtusbeckleri, Litsea reticulata, Pilidiostigma glabrum, Trochocarpa laurina,Persoonia media, Cryptocarya microneura, Cryptocarya rigida, Ripogonumelseyanum, Schizomeria ovata Allocasuarina torulosa.Lower .01 - 1 No data Blechnum cartilagineum, Hibbertia scandens, Lomandra longifolia,Palmeria scandens, Pteris umbrosa, Ripogonum discolor, Tasmanniainsipida.* Data collated from 3 of 7 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThere are several variations in canopy floristics across the distribution of this community. Some areas arecharacterised by a high cover of Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) with very little influence from othercanopy species. This often occurs on knolls or ridges in areas of cool temperate or warm temperate rainforestcommunities. There are examples of this community with a very high proportion of Brush Box (L. confertus) asthe canopy cover, particularly around the Bushman’s Range area near the upper reaches of Ulong Creek andWayper Creek and near the Bobo River. Other examples of this community include higher percentage of Blackbutt(Eucalyptus pilularis) and this may be co-dominant with Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys), Flooded Gum(Eucalyptus grandis) and/or Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna).Species richnessNumber of plots 7Total species 130Average number of species 42 ±8Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (510ha), Bindarri State Conservation Area (29ha) and DorrigoNational Park (339ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 47Freehold 469National Park 847NSW State Forest 767State Conservation Area 28TOTAL 2 158Endangered Ecological community Not generally, although examples of this community which occur below600m may contain elements of warm temperate rainforest or subtropical rainforest which may be interpreted asLowland Rainforest in the NSW North Coast and Sydney Basin bioregions EEC.Page 114Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF07Relationship to other communitiesStrongly related to both CH_RF12 (Escarpment Coachwood – Sassafras - Brush Box Warm Temperate Rainforest),CH_RF03 (Plateau and Escarpment Coachwood Sassafras Warm Temperate Rainforest) and CH_WSF06 (PlateauBlue Gum - Tallowwood - Flooded Gum Wet Shrubby Forest). The relative dominance of Blackbutt (Eucalyptus.pilularis) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) in the canopy with a understorey of warm temperate rainforestspecies is a strong indicator of CH_WSF07. CH_WSF06 is very similar in the understorey species but has atendency for dominance of Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna) Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) and/orFlooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis) in the canopy.EquivalentsBiometric: Brush Box tall moist forest of the northern ranges of the North Coast (NR144).Other: N3a - Sydney Blue Gum (Fisher et al. 1996).LocationsKnown from the Upper reaches of Wayper Creek in Bindarri National Park; Lowanna Road, Lowanna; Wild CattleCreek Road; Coopernook River; Gentle Annie Road, Wild Cattle Creek; Coopernook Creek Road and the upperreaches of Eve Creek.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 115


CH_WSF07Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia binervata 4 29% 2 5% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 2 86% 2 18% positiveAcmena smithii 1 43% 1 26% uninformativeAcronychia octandra 1 14% 3 1% uninformativeAcronychia pubescens 2 14% 1 2% uninformativeAcrotriche aggregata 1 29% 1 1% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 3 43% 2 36% uninformativeAlloxylon pinnatum 2 43% 2 0% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 3 29% 1 14% uninformativeAnopterus macleayanus 2 29% 2 3% uninformativeArchidendron grandiflorum 1 29% 1 3% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 2 86% 2 23% positiveArchontophoenix2 29% 1 32% uninformativecunninghamianaArthropteris tenella 1 14% 2 2% uninformativeAtractocarpus benthamianus 2 14% 2 7% uninformativeAustrobuxus swainii 4 29% 1 4% uninformativeBackhousia myrtifolia 1 14% 2 2% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 2 100% 2 37% positiveBrachychiton acerifolius 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeCaldcluvia paniculosa 1 86% 2 11% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 4 100% 2 16% positiveCallitris macleayana 2 14% 1 1% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 4 29% 2 27% uninformativeCeratopetalum apetalum 2 86% 3 10% positiveCinnamomum oliveri 1 29% 1 6% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 2 43% 1 38% uninformativeClematis aristata 1 14% 1 11% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 14% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumCommersonia fraseri 1 14% 1 0% uninformativeCordyline petiolaris 1 14% 1 4% uninformativeCordyline rubra 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeCordyline stricta 2 43% 1 38% uninformativeCryptocarya dorrigoensis 2 14% 1 1% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 1 57% 2 17% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 2 57% 1 20% positiveCryptocarya rigida 2 57% 2 26% positiveCyathea australis 2 29% 1 13% uninformativeCyathea leichhardtiana 1 71% 1 9% uninformativeDendrocnide photinophylla 1 14% 2 1% uninformativeDenhamia celastroides 1 43% 1 8% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 43% 1 50% uninformativeDiospyros pentamera 1 14% 2 6% uninformativeDoryphora sassafras 2 43% 2 7% uninformativeDrymophila moorei 2 14% 2 2% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 3 14% 1 5% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 3 86% 1 26% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 117

CH_WSF07Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classEmbelia australiana 1 29% 1 11% uninformativeEndiandra crassiflora 2 14% 1 2% uninformativeEndiandra muelleri 1 43% 1 8% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 2 29% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 1 14% 2 25% uninformativeEucalyptus agglomerata 3 14% 0 0% positiveEucalyptus grandis 2 43% 3 17% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 2 43% 3 34% uninformativeEucalyptus pilularis 5 43% 3 27% uninformativeEucalyptus saligna 4 14% 3 9% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 2 14% 1 15% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 29% 1 29% uninformativeExocarya sclerioides 1 14% 2 2% uninformativeGahnia aspera 2 29% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia melanocarpa 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 43% 1 23% uninformativeHibbertia dentata 1 14% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 2 71% 1 31% positiveHodgkinsonia ovatiflora 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeHomalanthus populifolius 2 14% 1 3% uninformativeLegnephora moorei 2 14% 2 1% uninformativeLepidosperma elatius 2 14% 2 1% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 1 14% 1 17% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 14% 1 19% uninformativeLitsea australis 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeLitsea reticulata 2 43% 2 7% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 43% 2 52% negativeLomatia silaifolia 2 14% 1 9% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 3 86% 2 31% positiveMorinda jasminoides 1 43% 1 36% uninformativeMyrsine howittiana 2 14% 1 2% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 14% 1 16% uninformativeNematolepis squamea subsp.2 14% 2 2% uninformativesquameaNeolitsea dealbata 2 29% 1 16% uninformativeOrites excelsus 1 43% 2 5% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 2 14% 1 9% uninformativePalmeria scandens 2 100% 1 8% positivePandorea pandorana subsp.1 14% 1 12% uninformativepandoranaParsonsia purpurascens 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 43% 1 27% uninformativePersoonia media 2 43% 1 6% uninformativePetermannia cirrosa 1 14% 1 6% uninformativePilidiostigma glabrum 2 57% 1 11% positivePittosporum multiflorum 1 14% 1 13% uninformativePlanchonella australis 1 43% 1 4% uninformativePlectorrhiza tridentata 1 14% 1 2% uninformativePodolobium aciculiferum 2 14% 3 0% uninformativePage 118Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF07Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPolyosma cunninghamii 2 14% 2 5% uninformativePolyscias elegans 2 14% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 14% 1 16% uninformativePseudoweinmannia1 14% 0 0% positivelachnocarpaPsychotria loniceroides 1 29% 1 14% uninformativePteris umbrosa 3 14% 0 0% positiveQuintinia sieberi 1 14% 2 2% uninformativeQuintinia verdonii 2 29% 1 6% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 2 29% 1 16% uninformativeRipogonum album 3 29% 2 6% uninformativeRipogonum discolor 2 43% 2 10% uninformativeRipogonum elseyanum 2 57% 2 7% positiveRubus moluccanus var. trilobus 1 43% 1 3% uninformativeRubus moorei 2 14% 1 3% uninformativeRubus nebulosus 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 2 14% 2 4% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipata 2 14% 1 11% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 2 86% 1 11% positiveSloanea australis 1 14% 3 5% uninformativeSloanea woollsii 1 14% 2 6% uninformativeSmilax australis 2 29% 1 45% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 2 71% 1 28% positiveSolanum hapalum 1 14% 1 6% uninformativeStenocarpus salignus 1 14% 1 4% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 14% 1 22% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 2 14% 3 39% uninformativeSynoum glandulosum subsp.2 86% 2 34% positiveglandulosumSyzygium oleosum 2 29% 1 6% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 43% 1 27% uninformativeTasmannia insipida 2 43% 1 11% uninformativeTrema tomentosa var. aspera 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeTrimenia moorei 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeTristaniopsis collina 2 14% 2 5% uninformativeTriunia youngiana 1 29% 1 5% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 2 71% 1 36% positiveWilkiea huegeliana 2 57% 1 28% positiveZieria smithii 2 43% 1 3% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 119

CH_WSF08SOUTHERN FOOTHILLS BLACKBUTT - TURPENTINE -TALLOWWOOD WET FERNY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) – Turpentine(Syncarpia glomulifera) – Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) – ForestOak (Allocasuarina torulosa) wet ferny forest of the Bongil Bongil andBoambee areaSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast WetSclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF08PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Turpentine – Blackbutt – Forest Oakshrubby open forest of the escarpment ranges of the mid north coast,NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW1500-924)DescriptionA tall to very tall open forest with Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis), Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) andTurpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) being the most common canopy trees. Often there is a clear dominance ofCoastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) in the canopy. There is a mid layer of Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa) andScentless Rosewood (Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum). The ground layer is moist with a mix of grassesand ferns including Soft Bracken (Calochlaena dubia), Blady Grass (Imperata cylindrica), Blue Flax-lily (Dianellacaerulea), White root (Pratia purpurascens), Bracken Fern (Pteridium esculentum), Pastel Flower (Pseuderanthemumvariabile), Bordered Panic (Entolasia marginata) and Ottochloa gracillima.The distribution of this community is restricted to the Bongil Bongil and Bonville area, occurring typically on lowlying metasediment hills. Common below about 70m elevation.Page 120Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF08Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 8 - 48 35 - 60 Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus microcorys, Syncarpia glomulifera, Eucalyptusresinifera subsp. hemilampra.Middle 1 2 - 15 5 - 20 Syncarpia glomulifera, Allocasuarina torulosa, Archirhodomyrtus beckleri,Elaeocarpus reticulatus,Middle 2 1 - 8 15 - 45 Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum, Trochocarpa laurina, Cordylinestricta, Leucopogon lanceolatus, Morinda jasminoides, Breynia oblongifolia.Lower 0.1 - 1 10 - 50 Imperata cylindrica , Pteridium esculentum, Calochlaena dubia, Entolasiamarginata, Themeda australis, Oplismenus imbecillis, Ottochloa gracillima,Hibbertia aspera, Desmodium brachypodum, Pseuderanthemum variabile,Lomandra longifolia.* Data collated from 20 of 22 full floristic sitesExoticsAndropogon virginicus, Bidens pilosa, Cinnamomum camphora, Lantana camara, Paspalummandiocanum, Passiflora edulisSpecies richnessNumber of plots 22Total speciesAverage number of species 45 ±8.6Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (881ha)TenureArea (ha)Freehold 227National Park 883NSW State Forest 182TOTAL 1 292Relationship to other communitiesThis is a wetter variant of CH_DOF01 (Coast and Escarpment Blackbutt Dry Forest). CH_WSF08 can transition toCH_DOF01 with drier environments as Soft Bracken (Calochlaena dubia) is replaced by Bracken Fern (Pteridiumesculentum) and Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis). CH_WSF08 is closely associated with CH_WSF09 (NorthernEscarpment Blackbutt - Apple Wet Ferny Forest) and is replaced by CH_WSF09 north of the Bongil Bongil /Bonville area. The absence of Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata) as a sub-dominant or dominant canopyspecies is a key indicator of CH_WSF08.EquivalentsBioBiometric: Blackbutt - Tallowwood moist ferny open forest of the coastal ranges of the North Coast(NR120).Other:Bongil Bongil Community 21 – Blackbutt – Turpentine – Tallowwood Grassy Ferny Dry OpenForest (Cameron et al. 2011).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 121

CH_WSF08LocationsKnown at Bongil Bongil National Park and Pine Creek State Forest.Page 122Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF08Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia complanata 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeAcacia fimbriata 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia floribunda 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 1 14% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 41% 1 13% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 1 9% 2 19% uninformativeAcacia myrtifolia 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 32% 1 26% uninformativeAdiantum aethiopicum 2 14% 1 2% uninformativeAdiantum atroviride 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 1 5% 2 9% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 3 5% 3 10% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 2 77% 2 34% positiveAlphitonia excelsa 1 36% 1 13% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 1 23% 1 17% uninformativeAngophora costata 1 14% 2 14% uninformativeAngophora woodsiana 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeArchidendron grandiflorum 2 9% 1 3% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 27% 2 23% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 27% 1 32% uninformativeAristida vagans 2 9% 2 2% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 5% 1 9% uninformativeAstrotricha latifolia 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeAustrosteenisia blackii var. blackii 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeAustrostipa pubescens 3 5% 1 1% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp.1 5% 1 8% uninformativeintegrifoliaBenthamina alyxifolia 1 5% 0 0% positiveBillardiera scandens 1 23% 1 10% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 1 59% 2 37% uninformativeBrachychiton acerifolius 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeBreynia oblongifolia 1 64% 1 28% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 1 9% 2 18% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 1 14% 3 13% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 3 82% 2 24% positiveCarex longebrachiata 2 5% 2 0% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 14% 1 7% uninformativeCelastrus subspicata 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeCephalaralia cephalobotrys 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeCheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 23% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 77% 1 36% uninformativeCissus sterculiifolia 1 5% 1 6% uninformativeClematis aristata 2 41% 1 9% uninformativeClematis glycinoides 1 5% 1 6% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 36% 1 9% uninformativefloribundumCommelina cyanea 1 5% 1 5% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 123

CH_WSF08Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classCordyline petiolaris 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 50% 1 38% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 2 32% 2 20% uninformativeCorymbia variegata 1 5% 3 6% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 1 23% 2 27% uninformativeCryptostylis erecta 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeCupaniopsis anacardioides 1 18% 1 11% uninformativeCurculigo ensifolia var. ensifolia 1 5% 0 0% positiveCyathea australis 1 5% 1 14% uninformativeCyclophyllum longipetalum 1 5% 1 6% uninformativeCymbidium madidum 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeCymbopogon refractus 1 18% 2 5% uninformativeDampiera stricta 1 9% 2 7% uninformativeDaviesia ulicifolia 2 5% 2 0% uninformativeDaviesia umbellulata 2 5% 1 2% uninformativeDesmodium brachypodum 2 50% 1 4% positiveDesmodium gunnii 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeDesmodium rhytidophyllum 1 14% 1 7% uninformativeDesmodium varians 1 45% 1 4% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 73% 1 49% uninformativeDianella revoluta 2 5% 1 0% uninformativeDichelachne micrantha 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeDichondra repens 2 5% 1 5% uninformativeDigitaria parviflora 3 5% 1 4% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 50% 1 27% uninformativeDipodium punctatum 1 5% 0 0% positiveDipodium variegatum 1 18% 1 1% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 1 23% 2 9% uninformativeDoodia aspera 1 18% 2 15% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 1 14% 1 4% uninformativeEchinopogon ovatus 2 5% 0 0% positiveEchinostephia aculeata 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus obovatus 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 2 64% 1 26% positiveEndiandra sieberi 1 9% 1 10% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 2 50% 1 7% positiveEntolasia stricta 2 32% 2 24% uninformativeEragrostis leptostachya 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeEucalyptus acmenoides 3 14% 2 8% uninformativeEucalyptus carnea 2 9% 3 10% uninformativeEucalyptus eugenioides 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeEucalyptus fusiformis 1 5% 3 1% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 1 5% 3 18% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 2 73% 3 33% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 3 95% 3 23% positiveEucalyptus propinqua 2 23% 3 13% uninformativeEucalyptus resinifera subsp.1 18% 3 10% uninformativehemilampraEucalyptus siderophloia 5 9% 3 11% uninformativePage 124Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF08Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classEucalyptus tindaliae 3 5% 3 0% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 2 5% 1 15% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 59% 1 28% uninformativeFicus coronata 2 9% 1 13% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 23% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 1 18% 2 14% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 41% 1 22% uninformativeGeranium solanderi 1 9% 1 1% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 3 14% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 45% 1 11% uninformativeGlycine microphylla 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeGlycine tabacina 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeGompholobium latifolium 1 18% 1 2% uninformativeGonocarpus tetragynus 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeGoodenia hederacea subsp.1 5% 1 4% uninformativehederaceaGoodenia heterophylla 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeGoodenia rotundifolia 2 9% 1 4% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 27% 1 28% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 23% 1 19% uninformativeHardenbergia violacea 1 32% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 2 23% 1 10% uninformativeHibbertia dentata 1 32% 1 6% uninformativeHibbertia linearis 2 5% 1 0% uninformativeHibbertia obtusifolia 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 77% 1 29% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 1 18% 1 11% uninformativeHovea acutifolia 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeHybanthus enneaspermus 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeHybanthus monopetalus 2 5% 1 0% uninformativeHybanthus stellarioides 1 27% 1 3% uninformativeHydrocotyle peduncularis 1 27% 1 5% uninformativeHypericum gramineum 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeHypolepis muelleri 2 5% 1 3% uninformativeHypoxis hygrometrica 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 3 82% 2 29% positiveIndigofera australis 1 9% 2 4% uninformativeJacksonia scoparia 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 14% 1 11% uninformativeKennedia rubicunda 1 23% 1 7% uninformativeLagenophora stipitata 1 5% 0 0% positiveLepidosperma laterale 1 41% 1 16% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 9% 1 12% uninformativeLeucopogon juniperinus 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 50% 1 18% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 1 9% 2 13% uninformativeLivistona australis 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeLobelia trigonocaulis 1 23% 1 6% uninformativeLogania pusilla 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 125

CH_WSF08Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classLomandra confertifolia subsp.1 5% 1 4% uninformativepallidaLomandra filiformis 1 32% 1 11% uninformativeLomandra hystrix 3 9% 1 2% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 82% 2 50% uninformativeLomandra multiflora subsp.1 14% 1 4% uninformativemultifloraLomatia silaifolia 1 36% 1 8% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 1 23% 2 32% uninformativeLophostemon suaveolens 1 9% 2 9% uninformativeMacrozamia fawcettii 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 1 14% 1 8% uninformativeMaytenus silvestris 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 1 9% 2 13% uninformativeMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 1 5% 2 4% uninformativeMonotoca scoparia 1 9% 1 2% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 2 59% 1 35% positiveMyrsine howittiana 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 5% 1 17% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 36% 1 26% uninformativeNotelaea ovata 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeOpercularia diphylla 1 5% 0 0% positiveOplismenus aemulus 2 18% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 3 50% 2 20% positiveOttochloa gracillima 3 45% 2 8% uninformativeOxalis chnoodes 1 5% 2 0% uninformativeOxalis exilis 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 1 23% 1 8% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.1 18% 1 11% uninformativepandoranaPanicum simile 1 23% 1 4% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 55% 1 26% uninformativePaspalidium distans 2 9% 1 1% uninformativePaspalidium gracile 1 5% 0 0% positivePatersonia glabrata 1 14% 2 5% uninformativePatersonia sericea 1 5% 2 4% uninformativePersoonia conjuncta 1 9% 2 1% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 50% 1 17% uninformativePhyllanthus hirtellus 2 5% 1 3% uninformativePhyllanthus similis 1 14% 1 2% uninformativePilidiostigma glabrum 1 9% 1 12% uninformativePimelea linifolia 2 5% 1 10% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 18% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 14% 1 16% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 1 5% 1 5% uninformativePlectranthus parviflorus 1 5% 1 2% uninformativePoa sieberiana 2 9% 2 4% uninformativePolymeria calycina 1 5% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias elegans 1 9% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 32% 1 15% uninformativePage 126Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF08Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPomaderris intermedia 1 5% 0 0% positivePomax umbellata 1 18% 1 5% uninformativePoranthera microphylla 1 5% 1 2% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 86% 1 20% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 68% 2 25% positivePteridium esculentum 2 86% 1 29% positivePterostylis nutans 1 5% 0 0% positivePultenaea retusa 2 14% 1 6% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 5% 1 5% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 1 14% 1 16% uninformativeRipogonum album 2 5% 2 7% uninformativeRipogonum brevifolium 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeRubus moluccanus var. trilobus 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeRubus parvifolius 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 1 9% 2 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 14% 1 9% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipata 1 5% 1 12% uninformativeSchizaea dichotoma 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeSeringia arborescens 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeSloanea australis 1 5% 3 5% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 64% 1 43% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 55% 1 27% uninformativeSolanum hapalum 1 5% 1 6% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 45% 1 20% uninformativeStylidium graminifolium 1 5% 0 0% positiveSyncarpia glomulifera 3 82% 3 37% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.3 55% 2 34% positiveglandulosumSyzygium luehmannii 1 5% 1 5% uninformativeSyzygium oleosum 2 5% 1 6% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 32% 1 27% uninformativeThemeda australis 2 68% 3 22% positiveThysanotus tuberosus subsp.1 5% 1 1% uninformativetuberosusTodea barbara 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeTrema tomentosa var. aspera 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 18% 1 9% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 1 59% 1 36% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 1 68% 1 8% uninformativeViola banksii 1 32% 1 15% uninformativeViola betonicifolia 2 9% 2 1% uninformativeViola hederacea 3 5% 2 2% uninformativeWestringia amabilis 3 5% 0 0% positiveWikstroemia indica 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 14% 1 29% uninformativeXanthorrhoea latifolia subsp.2 5% 1 1% uninformativelatifoliaXanthorrhoea macronema 1 18% 1 5% uninformativeZieria smithii 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 127

CH_WSF09NORTHERN ESCARPMENT BLACKBUTT - APPLE WET FERNY FOREST CH_WSF09SCIENTIFIC NAME Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) –Smooth-barkedApple (Angophora costata) – Rose Myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri)ferny forest of escarpment and hinterland metasedimentary hillsSTATEWIDE CLASS North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Turpentine – Blackbutt – Forest Oakshrubby open forest of the escarpment ranges of the mid north coast,NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW1500-924)DescriptionA medium to tall open forest typically dominated by Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) in the canopy. A numberother canopy species may be present and at times locally abundant. These commonly include Smooth-barkedApple (Angophora costata) and Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera). Less common species include Tallowwood(E. microcorys), Red Mahogany (E. resinifera subsp. hemilampra) and White Mahogany (E. acmenoides). There isa mid layer of predominantly Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa) and Rose Myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri).The ground layer is moist with a mix of grasses and ferns. The main species are Soft Bracken (Calochlaenadubia), Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Blue Flax-lily (Dianella caerulea), Bracken Fern (Pteridiumesculentum), Creeping Beard Grass (Oplismenus imbecillis) and Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum).This community is widespread throughout the study area except for the Bongil Bongil/ Bonville area whereit is replaced by CH_WSF08 (Southern Foothills Blackbutt - Turpentine - Tallowwood Wet Ferny Forest). Thedistribution ranges from Wild Cattle Creek State Forest in the west to the coastal foothills in the east (from Sawtellthrough to Sandy Beach). More isolated occurrences further north include around Station Creek (in YuraygirNational Park) and at Red Ridge along the Coast Range. Most common below about 500m elevation.Page 128Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF09Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 15 - 40 40 - 80 Eucalyptus pilularis, Angophora costata, Eucalyptus microcorys,Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra, Eucalyptus acmenoides,Eucalyptus carnea, Eucalyptus propinqua, Syncarpia glomulifera.Middle 2 - 20 10 - 40 Allocasuarina torulosa, Archirhodomyrtus beckleri, Trochocarpa laurina,Breynia oblongifolia, Cryptocarya rigida, Psychotria loniceroides,Elaeocarpus reticulatus, Persoonia stradbrokensis, Polyscias sambucifolia.Lower 0.1 – 1.5 5 - 35 Pteridium esculentum, Calochlaena dubia, Oplismenus imbecillis,Entolasia stricta, Imperata cylindrica, Lomandra longifolia, Dianellacaerulea, Pseuderanthemum variabile, Blechnum cartilagineum,Eustrephus latifolius, Themeda australis.* Data collated from 12 of 15 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThe understorey of this community can be quite varied due to the level of disturbance that has occurred in theseforests on State Forest estate and private land. At times the understorey can be moist and shrubby with herbsand some grasses. In other locations the understorey can be moister creating a more diverse understorey.ExoticsAgeratina adenophora, Cinnamomum camphora, Lantana camara, Passiflora edulis, Sennapendula var. glabrataSpecies richnessNumber of plots 15Total species 200Average number of species 47 ±6.5Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (475ha), Bindarri State Conservation Area (7ha), DorrigoNational Park (4ha), Korora Nature Reserve (3ha), Sherwood Nature Reserve (152ha), Ulidarra National Park (46ha),Conglomerate SF - Madman’s Creek Flora Reserve (9ha) and Orara East SF - Bruxner Park Flora Reserve (95ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 35Freehold 2 063National Park 532Nature Reserve 155NSW State Forest 4 808NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 115State Conservation Area 7TOTAL 7 716Threatened and Rare plants:Marsdenia longilobaVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 129

CH_WSF09Relationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_WSF02 (Hinterland Blackbutt - Bangalow - Turpentine Wet Shrubby Tall Forest) and at timeswill transition to CH_WSF02 with increasing fertility. Indicators of this transition are decreasing frequency ofSmooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata) and increasing frequency of Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenixcunninghamiana). CH_WSF09 can also transition to CH_RF11 (Escarpment and Lowland Bangalow – Carabeen -Black Booyong Palm Gully Rainforest) with increasing wetness and less exposure or alternatively may transitionto CH_DOF01 (Coast and Escarpment Blackbutt Dry Forest) or CH_DOF05 (Foothills Grey Gum – Ironbark- Mahogany Dry Forest) as moisture decreases and exposure increases. CH_WSF09 is closely associated withCH_WSF08 (Southern Foothills Blackbutt - Turpentine - Tallowwood Wet Ferny Forest ) and is replaced by thiscommunity in the Bongil Bongil / Bonville area. The presence of Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata) as asub-dominant or dominant canopy species is a strong indicator for CH_WSF09.EquivalentsBiometric:(NR120).Blackbutt - Tallowwood moist ferny open forest of the coastal ranges of the North CoastOther: N7 – Moist Blackbutt (Fisher et al. 1996).LocationsKnown examples include Anderson’s Road in Nana Creek State Forest, Plum Pudding Road Conglomerate StateForest, Jesse Simpson Road on the Coast Range (Wedding Bells State Forest), Mount Coramba and Big Boambee.Page 130Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_WSF09Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia binervata 2 47% 2 4% uninformativeAcacia fimbriata 2 13% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 1 13% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 33% 1 13% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 2 7% 2 19% uninformativeAcacia oshanesii 3 7% 2 1% uninformativeAcacia terminalis 2 7% 1 2% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 20% 1 27% uninformativeAcronychia oblongifolia 1 7% 1 4% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 1 20% 2 8% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 3 7% 3 9% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 3 87% 2 34% positiveAlphitonia excelsa 1 27% 1 14% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 1 27% 1 17% uninformativeAmyema pendulum 1 7% 0 0% positiveAmylotheca dictyophleba 1 7% 0 0% positiveAngophora costata 3 80% 2 11% positiveAngophora floribunda 1 7% 2 1% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 2 67% 2 22% positiveArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 53% 1 31% uninformativeAristida vagans 2 7% 2 2% uninformativeAsterolasia correifolia 1 7% 1 1% uninformativeAstrotricha latifolia 1 20% 1 2% uninformativeAustrobuxus swainii 1 27% 1 4% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 1 7% 1 8% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 1 20% 1 10% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 2 40% 2 38% uninformativeBreynia oblongifolia 1 80% 1 28% uninformativeCaladenia carnea 1 7% 1 1% uninformativeCalanthe triplicata 1 7% 1 3% uninformativeCaldcluvia paniculosa 4 13% 2 12% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 2 67% 2 25% positiveCassinia subtropica 2 7% 0 0% positiveCayratia clematidea 1 20% 1 7% uninformativeCelastrus subspicata 1 13% 1 4% uninformativeCentella asiatica 2 7% 1 3% uninformativeCephalaralia cephalobotrys 1 7% 1 5% uninformativeCeratopetalum apetalum 1 7% 3 11% uninformativeCissus antarctica 2 7% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 80% 1 36% uninformativeClaoxylon australe 1 13% 1 6% uninformativeClematis aristata 1 47% 1 10% uninformativeClematis glycinoides 1 27% 1 5% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 7% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumCordyline stricta 1 40% 1 38% uninformativeCoronidium scorpioides 1 7% 0 0% positiveCorymbia intermedia 1 13% 2 21% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 1 7% 2 18% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 33% 1 20% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 1 67% 2 26% uninformativeCuttsia viburnea 1 7% 2 2% uninformativePage 132Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF09Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classCyathea australis 1 60% 1 12% uninformativeCymbidium suave 1 7% 1 3% uninformativeCymbopogon refractus 1 7% 2 6% uninformativeDampiera stricta 2 13% 2 7% uninformativeDaviesia umbellulata 2 7% 1 2% uninformativeDendrobium kingianum 2 7% 4 0% uninformativeDesmodium brachypodum 1 13% 1 6% uninformativeDesmodium gunnii 1 20% 1 4% uninformativeDesmodium rhytidophyllum 1 13% 1 7% uninformativeDesmodium varians 1 13% 1 6% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 87% 1 49% uninformativeDigitaria parviflora 1 7% 1 4% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 20% 1 28% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 1 7% 1 9% uninformativeDoodia aspera 1 7% 2 16% uninformativeEchinopogon caespitosus 2 13% 1 2% uninformativeEchinostephia aculeata 1 13% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 60% 1 26% uninformativeEmbelia australiana 1 7% 1 11% uninformativeEndiandra discolor 1 13% 1 5% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 1 27% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 2 80% 2 23% positiveEucalyptus acmenoides 4 20% 2 8% uninformativeEucalyptus carnea 1 20% 3 10% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 3 47% 3 34% uninformativeEucalyptus pilularis 4 87% 3 25% positiveEucalyptus planchoniana 2 7% 4 4% uninformativeEucalyptus propinqua 3 13% 3 14% uninformativeEucalyptus pyrocarpa 3 7% 3 2% uninformativeEucalyptus resinifera subsp.3 33% 2 10% uninformativehemilampraEucalyptus siderophloia 3 13% 3 11% uninformativeEupomatia bennettii 1 7% 1 2% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 1 7% 1 15% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 67% 1 28% uninformativeExocarpos strictus 1 7% 1 1% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 7% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia melanocarpa 1 7% 1 1% uninformativeGahnia sieberiana 1 20% 2 6% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 53% 1 22% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 27% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 2 20% 1 12% uninformativeGlycine microphylla 1 20% 1 2% uninformativeGompholobium latifolium 2 7% 1 3% uninformativeGompholobium virgatum 2 7% 0 0% positiveGonocarpus teucrioides 1 7% 1 1% uninformativeGoodenia fordiana 1 13% 1 0% uninformativeGoodenia hederacea subsp. hederacea 2 20% 1 3% uninformativeGoodenia rotundifolia 1 13% 1 4% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 20% 1 28% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 2 13% 1 19% uninformativeHardenbergia violacea 1 33% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeHibbertia dentata 1 27% 1 6% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 133

CH_WSF09Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classHibbertia scandens 1 60% 1 31% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 2 20% 1 11% uninformativeHomalanthus populifolius 1 20% 1 2% uninformativeHybanthus stellarioides 2 7% 1 4% uninformativeHymenosporum flavum 1 7% 1 2% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 2 73% 2 30% positiveIndigofera australis 1 7% 2 4% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 13% 1 11% uninformativeKennedia rubicunda 2 13% 1 7% uninformativeLastreopsis decomposita 2 13% 2 6% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 1 20% 1 17% uninformativeLepidozamia peroffskyana 1 7% 1 2% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 27% 1 12% uninformativeLeptospermum trinervium 4 7% 3 3% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 47% 1 19% uninformativeLindsaea linearis 1 13% 1 3% uninformativeLindsaea microphylla 2 13% 1 1% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 1 7% 2 13% uninformativeLobelia trigonocaulis 2 13% 1 6% uninformativeLomandra filiformis 1 40% 1 11% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 87% 2 50% negativeLomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora 1 13% 1 5% uninformativeLomatia silaifolia 1 33% 1 8% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 1 33% 2 31% uninformativeMarsdenia longiloba 1 7% 1 0% uninformativeMaytenus bilocularis 2 13% 1 4% uninformativeMaytenus silvestris 2 7% 1 2% uninformativeMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 2 7% 1 4% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 60% 1 36% uninformativeMuellerina celastroides 1 7% 1 0% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 20% 1 16% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 7% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 40% 1 26% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 13% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 2 53% 2 21% positiveOxalis perennans 1 7% 1 1% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 1 27% 1 8% uninformativeOzothamnus obovatus 1 7% 1 0% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.1 47% 1 11% uninformativepandoranaParsonsia purpurascens 1 7% 1 2% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 20% 1 28% uninformativePassiflora herbertiana subsp.1 13% 1 1% uninformativeherbertianaPatersonia glabrata 2 20% 2 5% uninformativePatersonia sericea 2 13% 2 4% uninformativePersoonia levis 1 7% 2 2% uninformativePersoonia media 2 20% 1 7% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 40% 1 18% uninformativePetermannia cirrosa 1 7% 1 6% uninformativePage 134Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF09Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPhyllanthus gunnii 2 13% 2 1% uninformativePhyllanthus similis 2 7% 1 2% uninformativePimelea latifolia 1 7% 1 1% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 1 7% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 13% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 13% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 7% 1 16% uninformativePoa sieberiana 3 27% 2 4% uninformativePolymeria calycina 1 7% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias elegans 1 13% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 80% 1 14% uninformativePomax umbellata 2 7% 1 6% uninformativePoranthera microphylla 1 7% 1 2% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 27% 1 23% uninformativeProstanthera incisa 1 7% 0 0% positivePseuderanthemum variabile 1 53% 2 26% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 53% 1 13% uninformativePteridium esculentum 2 87% 2 30% positivePultenaea retusa 2 7% 1 6% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 1 20% 1 16% uninformativeRhodomyrtus psidioides 1 7% 1 4% uninformativeRubus moluccanus var. trilobus 2 13% 1 4% uninformativeRubus parvifolius 1 20% 1 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 7% 1 9% uninformativeSarcopteryx stipata 1 7% 1 11% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 1 7% 1 12% uninformativeSigesbeckia orientalis subsp. orientalis 1 7% 1 2% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 67% 1 44% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 33% 1 28% uninformativeSolanum hapalum 1 40% 1 5% uninformativeStenocarpus salignus 1 7% 1 4% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 53% 1 20% uninformativeSticherus flabellatus var. flabellatus 1 7% 0 0% positiveSyncarpia glomulifera 2 73% 3 38% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.1 60% 2 34% uninformativeglandulosumTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 20% 1 28% uninformativeThemeda australis 1 53% 3 23% uninformativeThysanotus tuberosus subsp. tuberosus 2 7% 1 1% uninformativeTrema tomentosa var. aspera 1 13% 1 3% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 2 7% 1 10% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 1 73% 1 36% uninformativeTylophora paniculata 1 7% 1 2% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 1 13% 1 11% uninformativeViola banksii 2 13% 1 16% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 7% 1 29% uninformativeXanthorrhoea macronema 1 20% 1 5% uninformativeXanthorrhoea malacophylla 3 7% 2 1% uninformativeZieria smithii 2 7% 1 4% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 135

CH_WSF10HINTERLAND AND ESCARPMENT TALLOWWOOD -BLACKBUTT - BLUE GUM WET FERNY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Hinterland and escarpment Tallowwood(Eucalyptus microcorys) – Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) – Sydney BlueGum (Eucalyptus saligna) wet ferny forestSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast WetSclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF10PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Tallowwood – Blackbutt moistshrubby tall open forest of the hinterland ranges of the mid north coast,NSW North Coast Bioregion and South Eastern Queensland Bioregion(NSW1500-923)DescriptionA tall moist open forest with a mix of canopy species. Coastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis), Tallowwood(Eucalyptus microcorys), Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna) and Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) are the maincanopy species with others such as Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus), Flooded Gum (Eucalyptus grandis) andSmall-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua) occurring less often. A moderately dense mid stratum of ForestOak (Allocasuarina torulosa), Jackwood (Cryptocarya glaucescens) and Rose Myrtle (Archirhodomyrtus beckleri)is usually present. A moist ground layer is dominated by Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum), Soft Bracken(Calochlaena dubia), Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia) and Slender Palm Lily (Cordyline stricta).Widespread in the study area on soils of metasediment and sedimentary origin, commonly below about 650melevation.Page 136Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF10Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 15 - 30 35 - 50 Eucalyptus microcorys, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus saligna, Syncarpiaglomulifera.Middle 5 - 15 20 - 60 Smilax australis, Cordyline stricta, Syncarpia glomulifera, Allocasuarinatorulosa, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana, Cryptocarya glaucescens,Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum, Archirhodomyrtus beckleri,Dioscorea transversa.Lower 0.01 - .08 20 - 60 Blechnum cartilagineum, Calochlaena dubia, Lomandra longifolia,Entolasia marginata, Oplismenus aemulus, Pseuderanthemum variabile,Clematis aristata.* Data collated from 8 of 9 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThe understorey of this community can vary from very wet shrubby to moist shrubby. The canopy dominanceis also variable across the distribution of this community. At some sites there is a high dominance of CoastalBlackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) with Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) and Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna) asassociate species. In other locations Coastal Blackbutt (E. pilularis) and Tallowwood (E. microcorys) can be codominantwith Sydney Blue Gum (E. saligna) as an associate species.ExoticsCinnamomum camphora, Lantana camara, Lepidium perfoliatum, Passiflora subpeltataSpecies richnessNumber of plots 9Total species 116Average number of species 31 ±10Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (228ha), Bongil Bongil National Park (2ha), Dorrigo NationalPark (38ha), Bruxner Park Flora Reserve (10ha), Sherwood Nature Reserve (76ha) and Ulidarra National Park (3ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 11Freehold 1 806National Park 273Nature Reserve 70NSW State Forest 2 856NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 19TOTAL 5 035Relationship to other communities:CH_WSF10 often occurs upslope of CH_WSF02 (Hinterland Blackbutt - Bangalow Turpentine - Wet Shrubby Forest)and CH_WSF03 (Foothills and Escarpment Blue Gum – Tallowwood - Turpentine Wet Shrubby Forest). CH_WSF10is distinguished from CH_WSF03 by a higher relative abundance of Coastal Blackbutt (E. pilularis) in CH_WSF03and lower abundance of Sydney Blue Gum (E. saligna). CH_WSF10 is distinguished from CH_WSF02 because ithas a more diverse mix of sclerophyll species in the canopy. CH_WSF10 can grade into CH_WSF09 (NorthernEscarpment Blackbutt - Apple Wet Ferny Forest) as the understorey becomes drier and the as Sydney Blue Gumbecomes sparse or absent from the site.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 137

CH_WSF10EquivalentsBiometric: Blackbutt - Tallowwood moist ferny open forest of the coastal ranges of the North Coast (NR120).Other: (N7) Moist Blackbutt (Fisher et al. 1996)LocationsKnown examples include Timmsvale Road in Wild Cattle Creek State Forest, Wedding Bell Creek Road in SherwoodNature Reserve and Upper Reaches of Orara River in Orara West State Forest.Page 138Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF10Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia irrorata 3 11% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 3 11% 1 14% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 2 33% 2 18% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 11% 1 27% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 2 100% 2 34% positiveAlphitonia excelsa 1 11% 1 14% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 2 33% 1 17% uninformativeAngophora costata 1 33% 2 13% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 3 67% 2 23% positiveArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 2 44% 1 32% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 1 11% 1 10% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 3 89% 2 37% positiveBreynia oblongifolia 1 44% 1 29% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 1 11% 2 14% uninformativeCaldcluvia paniculosa 1 11% 2 12% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 3 11% 3 13% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 2 89% 2 25% positiveCentella asiatica 1 11% 1 3% uninformativeCissus antarctica 2 22% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 2 67% 1 37% positiveClematis aristata 1 33% 1 10% uninformativeClerodendrum tomentosum 1 33% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline stricta 2 67% 1 38% positiveCorymbia gummifera 1 11% 2 8% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 2 44% 2 20% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 3 67% 2 16% positiveCryptocarya rigida 1 11% 2 27% uninformativeCuttsia viburnea 1 11% 2 2% uninformativeCyathea australis 1 11% 1 13% uninformativeCyathea leichhardtiana 3 11% 1 10% uninformativeCymbidium suave 2 11% 1 3% uninformativeCyperus disjunctus 3 11% 1 0% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 67% 1 50% uninformativeDichondra repens 1 11% 1 5% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 2 67% 1 27% positiveDiospyros fasciculosa 1 11% 2 1% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 2 11% 1 5% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 2 22% 1 27% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 3 11% 1 10% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 2 44% 1 8% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 2 22% 2 25% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 3 22% 3 17% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 3 89% 3 33% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 2 78% 3 26% positiveEucalyptus propinqua 5 11% 3 14% uninformativeEucalyptus saligna 2 67% 3 8% positiveEupomatia bennettii 1 11% 1 2% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 139

CH_WSF10Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classEupomatia laurina 3 11% 1 15% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 2 33% 1 29% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 56% 1 12% uninformativeFicus watkinsiana 1 11% 2 4% uninformativeGahnia aspera 2 11% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 2 11% 2 14% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 3 11% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 11% 1 12% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 22% 1 28% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 1 11% 1 10% uninformativeHibbertia dentata 3 11% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 2 33% 1 32% uninformativeHydrocotyle peduncularis 1 11% 1 6% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 3 22% 2 32% uninformativeIndigofera australis 2 11% 2 4% uninformativeKennedia rubicunda 1 11% 1 8% uninformativeLobelia trigonocaulis 2 11% 1 6% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 78% 2 51% constantLomatia silaifolia 1 22% 1 9% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 3 33% 2 31% uninformativeMaclura cochinchinensis 1 11% 1 7% uninformativeMelaleuca alternifolia 2 11% 2 1% uninformativeMischocarpus pyriformis 1 11% 2 4% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 2 11% 1 37% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 11% 1 16% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 22% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 2 11% 2 22% uninformativeOxalis exilis 1 11% 1 2% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 1 11% 1 9% uninformativeParsonsia lanceolata 1 11% 0 0% positivePellaea falcata 1 11% 3 1% uninformativePersoonia media 1 22% 2 7% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 11% 1 18% uninformativePhebalium squamulosum 1 11% 3 0% uninformativePhyllanthus gunnii 1 11% 2 1% uninformativePilidiostigma glabrum 3 11% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 2 22% 1 10% uninformativePolyscias elegans 2 11% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias murrayi 1 11% 2 0% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 2 33% 1 16% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 22% 1 23% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 44% 2 27% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 22% 1 14% uninformativePteridium esculentum 1 67% 2 31% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 11% 1 5% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 3 44% 1 15% uninformativeRhodomyrtus psidioides 1 11% 1 4% uninformativeRipogonum elseyanum 1 11% 2 8% uninformativeRipogonum fawcettianum 1 22% 2 21% uninformativePage 140Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF10Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classRubus moluccanus var. trilobus 2 22% 1 4% uninformativeRubus moorei 2 11% 1 3% uninformativeRubus nebulosus 1 22% 1 5% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 2 33% 2 3% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 11% 1 9% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 1 22% 1 12% uninformativeSeringia arborescens 1 11% 1 2% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 78% 1 44% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 3 11% 1 29% uninformativeSolanum hapalum 1 11% 1 6% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 78% 1 20% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 3 78% 2 38% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.2 67% 2 34% positiveglandulosumTabernaemontana pandacaqui 3 22% 1 28% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 22% 1 10% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 1 22% 1 37% uninformativeTylophora paniculata 3 11% 1 2% uninformativeVeronica plebeia 1 11% 1 1% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 22% 1 28% uninformativeXanthorrhoea johnsonii 2 11% 2 1% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 141

CH_WSF11FOOTHILLS SPOTTED GUM - MAHOGANY -GREY GUM WET SHRUBBY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Spotted Gum (Corymbia variegata) – Thick-leavedMahogany (Eucalyptus carnea) – Small-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptuspropinqua) wet shrubby forest on metasediments and conglomerate ofthe Bagawa Range and Madman’s Creek hillsSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast WetSclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF11PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Tallowwood – Small-fruited Grey Gum –Forest Oak dry open forest, South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSWNorth Coast Bioregion (NSW1000-1071)DescriptionA moist open forest with a variable canopy characterised by a co-dominance or dominance of Spotted Gum(Corymbia variegata), Thick-leaved Mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea), Small-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua)and Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia). Associates such as Steel Box (Eucalyptus rummeryi) and Brush Box(Lophostemon confertus) may be present. A mid stratum of Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa) is often present.Rainforest shrubs are often present including Brown Myrtle (Choricarpia leptopetala), Muttonwood (Myrsinevariabilis) and Astrotricha latifolia. The ground layer is comprised of mainly of Pastel Flower (Pseuderanthemumvariabile) and Palm Lily (Cordyline congesta).Found on sheltered aspects on intermediate and lower slopes on moderately fertile soils. Commonly occurringon sediments and metasediments of the Nana Creek, Madman’s Creek, Lower Bucca and Newfoundland area.Common below about 500m elevation.Page 142Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF11Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesTallest 15 – 25 25 - 30 Corymbia variegata, Eucalyptus siderophloia, Eucalyptus carnea,Eucalyptus propinqua.Middle 3 - 10 10 - 20 Myrsine variabilis, Choricarpia leptopetala, Allocasuarina torulosa,Astrotricha latifolia.Lower 0.01 - 1 5 - 10 Pseuderanthemum variabile, Dianella caerulea, Oplismenusaemulus, Vernonia cinerea, Desmodium rhytidophyllum,Desmodium varians.* Data collated from 2 of 2 full floristic sitesExoticsCinnamomum camphora ,Lantana camara, Panicum schinziiSpecies richnessNumber of plots 2Total species 75Average number of species 45 ±17Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Sherwood Nature Reserve (8ha) and Conglomerate SF – Madman’s Creek floraReserve (10ha)TenureArea (ha)Freehold 548National Park 4Nature Reserve 8NSW State Forest 2 061NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 10TOTAL 2 631Relationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_DOF10 (Foothills Spotted Gum – Mahogany - Grey Gum - Ironbark Dry Forest) which occurs withincreasing dryness. CH_WSF11 is distinguished from CH_DOF10 by a characteristically moist herb/shrubbyunderstorey. Also related to CH_WSF17 (Foothills Turpentine – Grey Gum - Ironbark Moist Shrubby Forest)which has less frequency of Spotted Gum (Corymbia variegata). CH_WSF11 can be distinguished by the higherabundance (typically dominant or sub-dominant) of Spotted Gum (Corymbia variegata) over a moist understoreysimilar to that in CH_WSF17.The mapped occurrence of the map unit WSF11 has been shown to include elements of the Wet Sclerophyllcommunities CH_WSF17 (Foothills Turpentine - Grey Gum - Ironbark Moist Shrubby Forest) and CH_WSF03(Foothills and Escarpment Blue Gum - Tallowwood -Turpentine Wet Shrubby Forest) as the dominance of SpottedGum decreases. Additionally, as this community grades into dry sclerophyll forest, elements of CH_DOF05(Foothills Grey Gum-Ironbark - Mahogany Dry Forest) and CH_DOF10 (Foothills Spotted Gum - Mahogany - GreyGum - Ironbark Dry Forest) will be present.EquivalentsBiometric: Grey Gum - Spotted Gum open forest of the southern Clarence lowlands of the North Coast (NR174).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 143


CH_WSF11LocationsKnown examples include Red White and Blue Road in Bagawa State Forest; Kings Creek in Lower Bucca StateForest and Murphy’s Road in conglomerate SF.Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia fimbriata 1 50% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 3 100% 1 7% positiveAcacia maidenii 2 100% 1 13% positiveAjuga australis 1 50% 1 0% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 2 50% 2 36% positiveAngophora costata 3 50% 2 13% positiveAristida vagans 1 50% 2 2% uninformativeAstrotricha latifolia 2 50% 1 2% positiveBrachychiton populneus subsp.1 50% 2 0% uninformativepopulneusBreynia oblongifolia 2 50% 1 29% positiveBrunoniella australis 2 50% 1 3% positiveCayratia clematidea 1 50% 1 7% uninformativeCenchrus caliculatus 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeChoricarpia leptopetala 2 50% 4 2% positiveCissus antarctica 1 50% 1 19% uninformativeCorymbia variegata 3 100% 3 6% positiveCymbidium suave 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeCymbopogon refractus 2 50% 2 6% positiveDesmodium brachypodum 1 100% 1 6% uninformativeDesmodium rhytidophyllum 2 100% 1 7% positiveDesmodium varians 2 100% 1 6% positiveDianella caerulea 2 100% 1 50% positiveDichondra repens 1 50% 1 5% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 50% 1 28% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 1 100% 2 24% uninformativeEucalyptus carnea 3 100% 2 10% positiveEucalyptus propinqua 3 50% 3 13% positiveEucalyptus pyrocarpa 3 50% 3 2% positiveEucalyptus rummeryi 1 50% 3 1% uninformativeEucalyptus siderophloia 2 50% 3 10% positiveEuroschinus falcatus 1 50% 1 4% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 50% 1 23% uninformativeGeranium solanderi 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 50% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 50% 1 12% uninformativeGlycine microphylla 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeGoodenia hederacea subsp.1 50% 1 3% uninformativehederaceaGuioa semiglauca 1 50% 1 28% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 50% 1 19% uninformativeHardenbergia violacea 1 50% 1 8% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 1 50% 1 10% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 145

CH_WSF11Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classHibbertia scandens 1 100% 1 31% uninformativeHibiscus heterophyllus subsp.1 50% 2 1% uninformativeheterophyllusHovea acutifolia 2 50% 1 1% positiveHybanthus stellarioides 1 100% 1 4% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 2 100% 2 31% positiveIndigofera australis 1 50% 2 4% uninformativeJacksonia scoparia 1 50% 1 2% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 50% 1 11% uninformativeLeucopogon juniperinus 2 50% 1 3% positiveLomandra filiformis 2 50% 1 12% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMarsdenia lloydii 2 50% 1 1% positiveMyrsine variabilis 2 50% 1 16% positiveOplismenus aemulus 2 100% 2 12% positiveOxalis chnoodes 1 50% 2 0% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 1 50% 1 9% uninformativePassiflora aurantia var. aurantia 1 50% 1 0% uninformativePersoonia conjuncta 1 100% 2 1% uninformativePimelea latifolia 1 50% 1 1% uninformativePlectranthus parviflorus 1 50% 1 2% uninformativePoa sieberiana 3 50% 2 4% positivePratia purpurascens 1 50% 1 23% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 50% 2 27% positivePsychotria loniceroides 1 50% 1 14% uninformativePteridium esculentum 1 50% 2 32% uninformativePteris tremula 1 50% 2 0% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 1 50% 1 16% uninformativeSantalum obtusifolium 1 50% 1 0% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 50% 1 44% uninformativeSolanum hapalum 2 50% 1 6% positiveSolanum stelligerum 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 3 50% 2 39% positiveThemeda australis 1 50% 3 24% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 2 50% 1 10% positiveXanthorrhoea malacophylla 2 100% 3 1% positivePage 146Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF12BRUSH BOX - CORKWOOD OPEN FOREST ON SANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) – Corkwood(Endiandra sieberi) open forest on sandSTATEWIDE CLASS North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF12PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Pink Bloodwood – Brush Box openforest on coastal dunes and sandplains of the South Eastern QueenslandBioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-467)DescriptionA tall open wet sclerophyll forest dominated by Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus), Corkwood (Endiandrasieberi) and occasionally associated with Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata) occurring on Holoceneand Pleistocene sand dunes. There are large Coast Banksias (Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia) and Old ManBanksias (Banksia serrata) present in the mid layer. The understorey is dominated by Spiny-headed Mat-rush(Lomandra longifolia) and Bracken Fern (Pteridium esculentum).This community occurs north from Moonee Beach Nature Reserve to Yuraygir National Park on dunes withinabout a kilometre of the coast. Along the Corindi - Red Rock road this community is restricted to a largePleistocene Dune Ridge that rise to over 20 metres in height.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 147

CH_WSF12Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesTallest 12-20 35 Lophostemon confertus, Endiandra sieberi.Middle 3-6 20 Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia, Banksia serrata, Acaciamelanoxylon, Lophostemon confertus, Syzygium australe,Endiandra sieberi.Lower 0- 1.5 40 Lomandra longifolia, Pteridium esculentum.* Data collated from 1 of 1 full floristic sitesExoticsAsparagus aethiopicus, Lantana camaraSpecies richnessNumber of plots 1Total native species 42Average number of species 42Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (1ha) and Yuraygir National Park (1ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 3Freehold 5National Park 2Nature Reserve 1TOTAL 10Relationship to other communitiesThis community adjoins and is related to CH_D0F09 (Coast Sand Blackbutt – Bloodwood – Apple Forest).CH_WSF12 is however, very distinct from CH_DOF09 and is distinguished by the canopy dominance of BrushBox (Lophostemon confertus) and the high frequency of Hard Corkwood (Endiandra sieberi) and Old Man Banksia(Banksia serrata).EquivalentsBiometric:No equivalentOther: 3002 Lophostemon confertus wet sclerophyll Forest (Griffith and Wilson, 2007).LocationsThe occurrences at Moonee Beach are located on lower lying floodplain and backbarrier sands. There are alsomapped occurrences in Yuraygir National Park and Bundjalung National Park (Griffith, 1983).Page 148Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_WSF12Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia melanoxylon 1 100% 2 18% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 100% 1 26% uninformativeAngophora costata 2 100% 2 13% positiveBaloskion tetraphyllum subsp.1 100% 2 3% uninformativemeiostachyumBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 1 100% 1 8% uninformativeBanksia serrata 3 100% 2 1% positiveBreynia oblongifolia 1 100% 1 29% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 100% 1 38% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 100% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumCymbidium suave 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeDesmodium brachypodum 1 100% 1 6% uninformativeDesmodium varians 1 100% 1 6% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 100% 1 50% uninformativeDipodium variegatum 1 100% 1 2% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 100% 1 27% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 3 100% 1 9% positiveEupomatia laurina 1 100% 1 14% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 100% 1 29% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 1 100% 2 14% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 100% 1 12% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 100% 1 31% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 100% 2 32% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 100% 1 19% uninformativeLeucopogon margarodes 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 3 100% 2 51% constantLophostemon confertus 3 100% 2 31% positiveMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 1 100% 2 3% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 100% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 100% 1 27% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 1 100% 2 22% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.1 100% 1 12% uninformativepandoranaPersoonia stradbrokensis 1 100% 1 18% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 100% 1 16% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 100% 1 23% uninformativePteridium esculentum 2 100% 2 32% positiveSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 100% 1 9% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 100% 1 44% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 100% 1 28% uninformativeSyzygium australe 2 100% 1 6% positiveTripladenia cunninghamii 1 100% 1 10% uninformativeViola banksii 1 100% 1 16% uninformativeXanthorrhoea macronema 1 100% 1 6% uninformativePage 150Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF13DUNN’S WHITE GUM WET FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Dunn’s White Gum (Eucalyptus dunnii) tall wetforest of creeklines and lower slopes of the Moleton and Little NymboidahillsSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast WetSclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF13PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Dunn’s White Gum tall wet forest onbasalt-derived or enriched soils on hinterland ranges, NSW North CoastBioregion and South Eastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW700-406)DescriptionA medium to tall open moist forest with a canopy usually dominated by Dunn’s White Gum (Eucalyptus dunnii) andSydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna). Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) and Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera)are common associates. The mid stratum is often dense and characterised by Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa),Green Wattle (Acacia irrorata), Murrogun (Cryptocarya microneura) and Water Gum (Tristaniopsis laurina). Theground layer consists mainly of tussock grasses (Poa spp.), Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum) and Prickly RaspFern (Doodia aspera).This community is distributed on lower slopes and often along creek lines in areas of metasedimentary geology inthe hills and ranges of the eastern Dorrigo plateau between Brooklana and Mole CreekVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 151

CH_WSF13Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest No data No data Eucalyptus dunnii, Eucalyptus microcorys, Eucalyptus saligna.Middle No data No data Acacia binervata, Acacia irrorata, Allocasuarina torulosa, Callistemonsalignus, Cryptocarya glaucescens, Cryptocarya microneura, Polysciassambucifolia, Syncarpia glomulifera, Myrsine variabilis.Lower No data No data Calochlaena dubia, Poa spp. Lomandra longifolia, Doodia aspera,Lepidosperma laterale, Pteridium esculentum.* Data collated from 1 rapid survey site and 1 full floristic site.Structural and floristic variationsNo structural variants of this community have been recorded, however few examples have been surveyed andsites are typically disturbed or partially cleared. Further investigation of the nature of this community is required.Species richnessNumber of plots 1Total species 20Average number of species 20Conservation statusThis community is not known to be reserved in the Coffs Harbour City Council area.TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 5Freehold 81NSW State Forest 42TOTAL 128Endangered Ecological Community:White Gum Moist Forest in the NSW North Coast Bioregion EECThreatened and Rare plants:Eucalyptus dunniiRelationship to other communitiesRelated to, and transitions to CH_WSF06 (Plateau Blue Gum - Tallowwood - Flooded Gum Wet Shrubby Forest)where Dunn’s White Gum (Eucalyptus dunnii) is replaced by Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna). Remoteinterpretation of this community is problematic as field survey is required to determine the presence ofDunn’s White Gum. Therefore, mapped occurrences of CH_WSF13 without field survey confirmation wouldbe recommended for further validation. Further, it is likely that some areas mapped as CH_WSF06 withoutfield survey may contain elements of CH_WSF13. Further field investigation and refinement to the mappeddistribution of this community is required.EquivalentsBiometric:Dunn’s White Gum tall open forest of the ranges of the northern North Coast (NR156).Other: N73 - Dunn’s White Gum (Fisher et al. 1996).Page 152Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF13LocationsKnown examples include Upper Bobo River; Wild Cattle Creek State Forest; Cradle Creek Road, Bushman’s Range;Mole Creek and Kangaroo River State Forest.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 153

CH_WSF13Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia binervata 2 100% 2 5% positiveAcacia irrorata 3 100% 1 8% positiveAllocasuarina torulosa 3 100% 2 35% positiveBlechnum cartilagineum 2 100% 2 38% positiveCallistemon salignus 4 100% 3 12% positiveCalochlaena dubia 2 100% 2 27% positiveCryptocarya glaucescens 2 100% 2 17% positiveCryptocarya microneura 3 100% 1 20% positiveDoodia aspera 2 100% 2 15% positiveEucalyptus dunnii 3 100% 0 0% positiveEucalyptus microcorys 2 100% 3 34% positiveEucalyptus saligna 3 100% 3 9% positiveLepidosperma laterale 2 100% 1 17% positiveLomandra longifolia 2 100% 2 51% constantMyrsine variabilis 2 100% 1 16% positivePolyscias sambucifolia 2 100% 1 16% positivePomaderris aspera 2 100% 2 1% positivePteridium esculentum 2 100% 2 32% positiveSyncarpia glomulifera 3 100% 2 39% positiveTrochocarpa laurina 1 100% 1 37% uninformativePage 154Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF14COASTAL HEADLAND RED GUM FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) wet openforest to woodland on metasedimentary headlands and coastal hillsSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast WetSclerophyll Forests (Keith 2006)CH_WSF14PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Forest Red Gum – Pink Bloodwood –Grey Ironbark open forest to woodland on metasediment headlands, NSWNorth Coast Bioregion (NSW1000-1075)DescriptionForest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) usually dominates the canopy. Other trees sometimes locally abundantinclude Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia), Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) and Brush Box (Lophostemonconfertus). This community is usually found on metasedimentary hill slopes and riparian areas on shelteredaspects near coastal areas. The mid layer comprises shrubs and small trees such as Sweet Pittosporum(Pittosporum undulatum), Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides) and the climbers Anchor Vine (Palmeria scandens)and Lawyer Vine (Smilax australis). Basket Grass (Oplismenus aemulus), Native Violet (Viola banksii) and Saw Sedge(Gahnia aspera) are common ground layer species.The community occurs around metasedimentary headlands south from Sapphire Beach to Bongil Bongil, usuallywithin about a kilometre from the coast.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 155

CH_WSF14Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesTallest No data No data Eucalyptus tereticornis, Lophostemon confertus, Eucalyptussiderophloia.Middle No data No data Pittosporum undulatum, Cupaniopsis anacardioides, Palmeriascandens, Smilax australis.Lower No data No data Oplismenus aemulus, Viola banksii, Gahnia aspera.* Data based on 1 floristic site and field observationStructural and floristic variationsMany of the remaining examples of this community are highly modified and weed infested.ExoticsAsparagus aethiopicus, Bidens pilosa, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata, Ipomoeacairica, Lantana camaraConservation statusThis community is reserved in Coffs Coast Regional Park (3ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 18Freehold 18Regional Park 3TOTAL 39Relationship to other communitiesRelated to and shares some affinities with CH_RF08 (Headland Brush Box Littoral Rainforest). CH_WSF14 isdistinguished from CH_RF08 by dominance of Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) in the canopy, andpotentially Grey Ironbark (E. siderophloia) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) being locally abundant.EquivalentsBiometric: no equivalentOther: N1a – Coastal forest Red Gum (Fisher et al. 1996)LocationsKnown examples include Bluff Trail, Bongil Bongil National Park; Dolmans Point, Sawtell; Boambee Reserve;Macauley’s Headland; Diggers Headland; Korora and Opal Cove.Page 156Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_WSF14Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longissima 2 100% 1 1% positiveAcacia maidenii 2 100% 1 14% positiveAcmena smithii 1 100% 1 26% uninformativeAlectryon coriaceus 2 100% 2 3% positiveCasuarina glauca 2 100% 3 7% positiveCissus antarctica 2 100% 1 19% positiveCordyline petiolaris 2 100% 1 4% positiveCordyline stricta 2 100% 1 38% positiveCrinum pedunculatum 1 100% 1 4% uninformativeCryptocarya glaucescens 1 100% 2 17% uninformativeCryptocarya triplinervis 2 100% 1 4% positiveCupaniopsis anacardioides 2 100% 1 11% positiveDianella caerulea 3 100% 1 50% positiveDoodia aspera 3 100% 2 15% positiveDrypetes deplanchei 2 100% 1 4% positiveElaeodendron australe var. australe 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 1 100% 1 9% uninformativeEucalyptus crebra 2 100% 2 0% positiveEucalyptus siderophloia 5 100% 3 10% positiveEupomatia laurina 1 100% 1 14% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 2 100% 1 29% positiveGuioa semiglauca 1 100% 1 28% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 100% 1 31% uninformativeIndigofera australis 1 100% 2 4% uninformativeKennedia rubicunda 1 100% 1 7% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 100% 2 51% constantLophostemon confertus 4 100% 2 31% positiveMyrsine variabilis 2 100% 1 16% positiveNotelaea longifolia 3 100% 1 27% positivePandorea pandorana subsp.1 100% 1 12% uninformativepandoranaPittosporum revolutum 2 100% 1 13% positivePittosporum undulatum 3 100% 1 10% positivePsychotria loniceroides 2 100% 1 14% positiveRhodamnia rubescens 2 100% 1 16% positiveScolopia braunii 2 100% 1 6% positiveSmilax australis 2 100% 1 44% positiveSmilax glyciphylla 2 100% 1 28% positiveStephania japonica var. discolor 2 100% 1 21% positiveSyncarpia glomulifera 1 100% 3 39% uninformativeTrema tomentosa var. aspera 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 100% 1 10% uninformativeTristaniopsis laurina 1 100% 2 3% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 100% 1 28% uninformativePage 158Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF15FOOTHILLS STEEL BOX - BROWN MYRTLE WET FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Steel Box (Eucalyptus rummeryi) – Grey Gum(Eucalyptus propinqua) – Brown Myrtle (Choricarpia leptopetala) wetforest of the Bagawa Range and Madman’s CreekSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast WetSclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF15PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Small-fruited Grey Gum – Steel Boxtall open forest with dense Brown Myrtle mid-storey on coastal foothillsbetween Coffs Harbour and Grafton, South Eastern Queensland Bioregionand NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW1000-1700)DescriptionA tall to very tall open forest with the overstorey dominated by Small-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua)and Steel Box (E. rummeryi) with Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera), Tallowwood (E. microcorys) and/or SpottedGum (Corymbia variegata). There is a very dense mid layer of small trees and shrubs with Brown Myrtle(Choricarpia leptopetala) clearly dominant. Other frequently occurring species include Acacia oshanesii, NativeRosella (Hibiscus heterophyllus subsp. heterophyllus), Asterolasia correifolia, Red Ash (Alphitonia excelsa) and CoastCanthium (Cyclophyllum longipetalum). The prominent vines include Water Vine (Cissus antarctica), Lawyer Vine(Smilax australis) and Sweet Morinda (Morinda jasminoides). The ground layer is very sparse with Rough Sawsedge(Gahnia aspera), Variable Sword-sedge (Lepidosperma laterale), Pastel Flower (Pseuderanthemum variabile)and Ottochloa gracillima the only frequently occurring species. This community occurs in sheltered mid to lowerslopes and creeklines in hilly terrain north-west of Coffs Harbour in the Madman’s Creek area on shallow soilsderived from sedimentary substrates, often high in quartz.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 159

CH_WSF15Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 20- 40 60 Eucalyptus propinqua, Eucalyptus rummeryi, Syncarpia glomulifera,Eucalyptus microcorys, Corymbia variegata.Middle 2 - 22 70 Choricarpia leptopetala, Acacia oshanesii, Hibiscus heterophyllussubsp. heterophyllus, Asterolasia correifolia, Alphitonia excelsa,Cyclophyllum longipetalum, Alyxia ruscifolia, Cissus antarctica.Ground 0 -1 5 Gahnia aspera, Lepidosperma laterale, Pseuderanthemum variabile,Ottochloa gracillima.* Data collated from 3 of 4 full floristic sitesExoticsLantana camaraSpecies richnessNumber of plots 4Total species 130Average number of species 45 ±36.1Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Conglomerate SF - Madman’s Creek Flora Reserve (29ha).TenureArea (ha)Freehold 199NSW State Forest 329NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 29TOTAL 557Endangered Ecological Communities: May contain elements of Lowland Rainforest (Lowland Rainforest in theNSW North Coast and Sydney Basin bioregions EEC).Relationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_RF05 (Foothills Brown Myrtle Dry Rainforest) and also CH_WSF11 (Foothills Spotted Gum -Mahogany - Grey Gum Wet Shrubby Forest). CH_WSF15 is replaced by CH_RF05 on lower slopes and gullies whereSteel Box and other overstorey species are not present. CH_WSF11 occurs in similar habitats and landscapesand due to the difficulty in interpretation of these two communities, field validation of mapped occurrences isrecommended.EquivalentsBiometric: Steel Box shrubby open forest of the ranges of the northern North Coast. (NR226) -Shatterwood - Giant Stinging Tree - Yellow Tulipwood dry rainforest of the North Coast(NR251)Other: Floyd Suballiance 27 (Floyd, 1990)LocationsMadman’s Creek, Conglomerate State Forest; Tallawudjah Creek, near Glenreagh; Red White and Blue Creek,Bagawa State Forest; Coldwater Creek, Bagawa State Forest; Bagawa Creek.Page 160Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_WSF15Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia fimbriata 2 25% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 25% 1 14% uninformativeAcacia oshanesii 1 75% 3 1% uninformativeAcronychia oblongifolia 1 25% 1 4% uninformativeAcronychia wilcoxiana 1 25% 0 0% positiveAdiantum hispidulum 2 25% 1 8% uninformativeAlchornea ilicifolia 2 25% 1 0% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 2 50% 1 14% positiveAlpinia caerulea 1 25% 1 18% uninformativeAlstonia constricta 2 25% 0 0% positiveAlyxia ruscifolia 2 50% 1 0% positiveAphananthe philippinensis 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeAraucaria cunninghamii 3 25% 1 6% uninformativeAsterolasia correifolia 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeAstrotricha latifolia 1 25% 1 2% uninformativeBackhousia myrtifolia 2 25% 1 2% uninformativeBaloghia inophylla 3 25% 2 2% uninformativeBrachychiton populneus subsp.2 25% 1 0% uninformativepopulneusBreynia oblongifolia 2 25% 1 29% uninformativeBridelia exaltata 2 25% 0 0% positiveCallistemon salignus 1 25% 3 12% uninformativeCapparis arborea 2 25% 1 1% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 25% 1 8% uninformativeCentratherum punctatum subsp.1 25% 1 0% uninformativeaustralianumChoricarpia leptopetala 5 100% 2 2% positiveCinnamomum virens 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeCissus antarctica 2 75% 1 18% positiveCissus hypoglauca 2 25% 1 38% uninformativeClaoxylon australe 1 25% 1 6% uninformativeCleistanthus cunninghamii 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeClematicissus opaca 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeClematis glycinoides 1 25% 1 6% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 25% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumCordyline petiolaris 3 25% 1 4% uninformativeCordyline stricta 2 25% 1 38% uninformativeCorymbia variegata 2 75% 3 5% positiveCroton verreauxii 1 25% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 2 50% 1 20% positiveCupaniopsis parvifolia 2 25% 0 0% positiveCyclophyllum longipetalum 3 50% 1 5% positiveCymbidium madidum 1 25% 1 4% uninformativeDecaspermum humile 2 25% 4 0% uninformativeDendrobium aemulum 2 25% 2 1% uninformativeDendrobium gracilicaule 2 25% 1 1% uninformativeDendrobium tetragonum 1 25% 1 2% uninformativePage 162Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF15Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classDendrocnide photinophylla 2 25% 2 1% uninformativeDenhamia celastroides 2 50% 1 8% positiveDesmodium nemorosum 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 50% 1 50% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 50% 1 28% uninformativeDiospyros pentamera 2 50% 2 6% positiveDiploglottis cunninghamii 1 25% 1 4% uninformativeDoodia aspera 3 50% 2 15% positiveDrypetes deplanchei 3 25% 1 4% uninformativeDysoxylum mollissimum subsp.2 25% 2 2% uninformativemolleElaeodendron australe var. australe 1 25% 1 3% uninformativeElattostachys nervosa 3 25% 1 3% uninformativeEmbelia australiana 2 50% 1 11% positiveEntolasia stricta 1 25% 2 25% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 2 25% 3 17% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 1 50% 3 34% uninformativeEucalyptus propinqua 3 100% 3 13% positiveEucalyptus rummeryi 3 100% 3 1% positiveEustrephus latifolius 1 25% 1 29% uninformativeFlagellaria indica 1 25% 1 4% uninformativeFlindersia schottiana 2 25% 1 0% uninformativeGahnia aspera 2 75% 1 14% positiveGeijera salicifolia 1 25% 0 0% positiveGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 50% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 2 25% 1 13% uninformativeGmelina leichhardtii 1 25% 1 3% uninformativeGossia bidwillii 3 25% 3 0% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 2 25% 1 28% uninformativeHedraianthera porphyropetala 1 25% 0 0% positiveHibiscus heterophyllus subsp.2 75% 1 0% positiveheterophyllusHodgkinsonia ovatiflora 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 25% 2 32% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 50% 1 11% uninformativeLastreopsis decomposita 1 25% 2 6% uninformativeLegnephora moorei 1 25% 2 1% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 2 50% 1 17% positiveLitsea reticulata 1 25% 2 7% uninformativeLogania albiflora 1 25% 0 0% positiveLomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida 2 25% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeLophostemon confertus 3 50% 2 31% positiveMaclura cochinchinensis 1 25% 1 7% uninformativeMallotus philippensis 1 25% 2 1% uninformativeMarsdenia pleiadenia 1 25% 0 0% positiveMaytenus bilocularis 2 25% 1 4% uninformativeMischocarpus pyriformis 2 25% 2 4% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 2 75% 1 36% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 163

CH_WSF15Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classMyrsine variabilis 1 50% 1 16% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 2 25% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 2 25% 1 27% uninformativeOlea paniculata 1 25% 2 0% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 25% 2 12% uninformativeOttochloa gracillima 2 50% 2 9% positiveOxalis perennans 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 2 25% 1 9% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.1 25% 1 12% uninformativepandoranaParsonsia induplicata 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 25% 1 28% uninformativePellaea falcata 4 25% 1 1% uninformativePellaea paradoxa 2 25% 1 1% uninformativePetalostigma triloculare 1 25% 1 0% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 2 50% 1 12% positivePlanchonella australis 2 25% 1 5% uninformativePlectorrhiza tridentata 1 25% 1 2% uninformativePolyscias elegans 1 50% 1 4% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 50% 2 27% positivePsychotria loniceroides 2 50% 1 14% positivePteris tremula 1 25% 2 0% uninformativePyrrosia rupestris 2 25% 2 3% uninformativeRhinerrhiza divitiflora 1 25% 2 0% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 3 50% 1 16% positiveRubus moorei 1 25% 2 3% uninformativeSantalum obtusifolium 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeScolopia braunii 2 25% 1 6% uninformativeSeringia arborescens 1 25% 1 2% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 75% 1 44% uninformativeSolanum stelligerum 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 1 75% 3 38% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 50% 1 27% uninformativeTetrastigma nitens 2 50% 1 2% positiveTrema tomentosa var. aspera 2 25% 1 3% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 2 50% 1 37% positiveTrophis scandens subsp. scandens 2 25% 1 3% uninformativeVelleia paradoxa 2 25% 0 0% positiveWilkiea huegeliana 2 50% 1 28% positivePage 164Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF16ESCARPMENT WHITE MAHOGANY WET SHRUBBY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME White Mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides) moistPLANT COMMUNITY TYPEshrubby forest of steep sheltered slopes of the Little Nymboida River valleySTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast Wet SclerophyllForest (Keith 2006)No known equivalencyCH_WSF16DescriptionA moist open forest dominated by a variable mix of White Mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides), Blue-leavedStringybark (E. agglomerata), Tallowwood (E. microcorys) and Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera). A moderatelydense mid stratum of Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa), Tree Heath (Trochocarpa laurina), Scentless Rosewood(Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum), Blueberry Ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus) and Muttonwood (Myrsinevariabilis) is present. The ground layer is moderately sparse and is comprised mainly of Spiny-headed Mat-rush(Lomandra longifolia), Molucca Bramble (Rubus moluccanus), Pastel Flower (Pseuderanthemum variabile) and SoftBracken (Calochlaena dubia).This community is mainly restricted to the metasediment slopes of Wild Cattle Creek State Forest near thejunction of Little Nymboida River and Bobo River. Generally this community occurs above 300m and below 500melevation.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 165

CH_WSF16Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesTallest 25-35m 20-45 Eucalyptus acmenoides, E. agglomerata, E. microcorys, Syncarpia glomulifera.Mid 5-15 60-80 Allocasuarina torulosa, Trochocarpa laurina, Synoum glandulosum subsp.glandulosum, Elaeocarpus reticulatus, Myrsine variabilis.Lower 0.2-3 5-20 Lomandra longifolia, Rubus moluccanus, Pseuderanthemum variabile,Calochlaena dubia.* No structural data available, information estimated from site survey.Structural and floristic variationsA large majority of the occurrences of this community occur with almost complete dominance of WhiteMahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides) or Thick-leaved White Mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea) as the only canopyspecies. In a few sites, there are associates that include Blue-leaved Stringybark (Eucalyptus agglomerata),Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) and Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera). In other locations this communitygrades into and mosaics with CH_WSF06 (Plateau Blue Gum – Tallowwood – Flooded Gum Wet Shrubby Forest)where the ecotone is difficult to identify from remote sensing. In these cases a dual code has been attributed.Species richnessNumber of plotsTotal speciesAverage number of speciesMap unit only, no full floristic sitesUnknownUnknownConservation statusThis community is not reserved in the Coffs Harbour City Council area.TenureArea (ha)Freehold 6NSW State Forest 155TOTAL 161Relationship to other communitiesThis map unit is a drier variant of CH_DOF11 (Northern Escarpment Mahogany Grassy Dry Forest). DOF11 occurson comparatively steeper slopes, generally with a north-west aspect and is of a sparser canopy and understoreycover. Generally, CH_WSF16 transitions to CH_WSF06 (Plateau Blue Gum - Tallowwood - Flooded Gum WetShrubby Forest) with increasing proportion of Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna). This community alsotransitions to CH_WSF09 (with increasing proportion of Coastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis).EquivalentsBiometric:Coast (NR266)Tallowwood - Turpentine moist open forest of the ranges of the Nymboida area of the NorthLocationsAn isolated coastal occurrence has been surveyed and mapped on the south-eastern slope of Mt. Coramba.Known examples include Wild Cattle Creeks State Forest and Mt. Coramba only.Page 166Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF16Diagnostic speciesNo analysis information available for this map unit. Rapid survey data only.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 167

CH_WSF17FOOTHILLS TURPENTINE - GREY GUM -IRONBARK MOIST SHRUBBY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) – Tallowwood(Eucalyptus microcorys) – Small-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua)– Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia) – White Mahogany (Eucalyptusacmenoides) moist shrubby forest on hinterland metasedimentaryfoothillsSTATEWIDE CLASS North Coast Wet Sclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF17PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Tallowwood – Small-fruited Grey Gum –Forest Oak dry open forest, South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSWNorth Coast Bioregion (NSW1000-1071)DescriptionA tall moist open forest with a diverse and variable canopy. The more common canopy species are Small-fruitedGrey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua), Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys), Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera), GreyIronbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia), White Mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides) and Brush Box (Lophostemonconfertus). Other occasionally common canopy species are Pink Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) and SpottedGum (Corymbia variegata). There is usually a small tree/shrub layer of Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa), MockOlive (Notelaea longifolia) and Tree Heath (Trochocarpa laurina) present. The ground layer is moist and consists ofRasp fern (Doodia aspera), Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Wiry Panic (Entolasia stricta), Blady Grass(Imperata cylindrica), Pastel Flower (Pseuderanthemum variabile) and Settler’s Flax (Gymnostachys anceps). Manyof the occurrences of this community have been subjected to considerable disturbance. Weeds such as Lantana(Lantana camara) and Broadleaf Paspalum (Paspalum mandiocanum) are often abundant.This community occurs on the moister sheltered and intermediate mid and lower slopes on fine grainedsediments of the Coast Range. Common north of Karangi and below about 300m elevation.Page 168Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF17Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 5-40 40-75 Syncarpia glomulifera, Eucalyptus microcorys, Eucalyptus propinqua,Eucalyptus siderophloia, Eucalyptus acmenoides, Lophostemon confertus.Middle Layer 1 10-20 15-55 Allocasuarina torulosa, Acacia oshanessi, Notelaea longifolia, Callistemonsalignus, Trochocarpa laurina, Breynia oblongifolia, Cryptocarya rigida, Guioasemiglauca, Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum, Tabernaemontanapandacaqui.Lower 0-1.5 5-45 Doodia aspera Entolasia stricta Gymnostachys anceps, Lomandra longifolia,Dianella caerulea, Pseuderanthemum variabile.* Data collated from 12 of 13 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsConsiderable variation in the canopy species has been observed in this community. Although the main canopyspecies are usually present, often other species are locally abundant. In other situations, only 2 or 3 canopyspecies may be present. At some sites there is a high proportion of Small-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua)and at other sites there are higher proportions of Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia), Turpentine (Syncarpiaglomulifera), Thick-leaved White Mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea) or White Mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides).ExoticsCinnamomum camphora, Lantana camara, Ligustrum sinense, Oxalis radicosa, Passiflora edulis,Paspalum dilatatumSpecies richnessNumber of plots 13Total species 200Average number of species 45 ±12Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Sherwood Nature Reserve (37ha) and Madman’s Creek Flora Reserve (4ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 24Freehold 1 691Nature Reserve 35NSW State Forest 1 299NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 4TOTAL 3 053Threatened and Rare plants:Boronia umbellataRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_DOF05 (Foothills Grey Gum - Ironbark - Mahogany Dry Forest) which is a drier variant of CH_WSF17. CH_WSF17 occupies more sheltered to intermediate aspects on lower slopes and is distinguished fromCH_DOF05 by the high cover of Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) and the presence of moist vegetation speciesin the mid and lower strata such as Rasp Fern (Doodia aspera), Wet Bracken (Calochlaena dubia) and Guioa (Guioasemiglauca). CH_WSF17 often occurs adjacent to CH_DOF01 (Coast and Escarpment Blackbutt Dry Forest), CH_DOF05 and CH_DOF06 (Lowlands Swamp Box - Paperbark - Red Gum Dry Forest). In comparison to these driercommunities, the lower layer of CH_WSF17 contains a higher cover abundance of wet shrubby species such asVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 169

CH_WSF17Tree Heath (Trochocarpa laurina), Forest Maple (Cryptocarya rigida), Scentless Rosewood (Synoum glandulosumsubsp. glandulosum) and Banana Bush (Tabernaemontana pandacaqui).EquivalentsBiometric: Tallowwood - Small-fruited Grey Gum dry grassy open forest of the foothills of North Coast (NR263)Other: N67b- Dry Grey Ironbark/Grey Gum (Fisher et al. 1996); FE 36 Dry Grassy Tallowwood-Grey Gum (NPWS1999)LocationsKnown examples include Arrawarra Road in Wedding Bells State Forest, Double Crossing Creek west of SandyBeach, Nana Creek State Forest north west of Coramba and near Cowan’s Creek adjacent to Sherwood NR.Page 170Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF17Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia binervata 3 23% 2 5% uninformativeAcacia fimbriata 1 15% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 3 15% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia longissima 1 8% 1 1% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 46% 1 13% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 1 23% 2 18% uninformativeAcacia oshanesii 4 15% 1 1% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 8% 1 27% uninformativeAcronychia oblongifolia 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeAdiantum aethiopicum 2 8% 1 2% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 2 15% 2 8% uninformativeAdiantum silvaticum 1 8% 2 5% uninformativeAjuga australis 1 8% 1 0% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 2 92% 2 34% positiveAlphitonia excelsa 1 23% 1 14% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 2 8% 1 18% uninformativeAlyxia ruscifolia 1 8% 1 1% uninformativeAngophora costata 3 15% 2 14% uninformativeAngophora floribunda 1 8% 2 1% uninformativeAngophora paludosa 2 8% 0 0% positiveAphananthe philippinensis 1 8% 1 1% uninformativeArchidendron grandiflorum 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 2 15% 2 24% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 38% 1 32% uninformativeAsplenium attenuatum var.1 8% 2 0% uninformativeattenuatumAsplenium australasicum 1 8% 1 9% uninformativeAstrotricha latifolia 2 31% 1 2% uninformativeBackhousia myrtifolia 5 8% 1 2% uninformativeBaloghia inophylla 1 8% 2 2% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 1 15% 1 10% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 1 38% 2 38% uninformativeBoronia umbellata 1 8% 1 0% uninformativeBrachychiton acerifolius 1 8% 1 1% uninformativeBreynia oblongifolia 1 77% 1 28% uninformativeCaladenia carnea 2 8% 1 1% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 4 15% 3 13% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 4 15% 2 27% uninformativeCassytha glabella f. glabella 2 8% 1 5% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 23% 1 7% uninformativeCelastrus australis 1 15% 0 0% positiveCelastrus subspicata 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeCenchrus caliculatus 1 8% 1 1% uninformativeCentratherum punctatum subsp.1 8% 1 0% uninformativeaustralianumChristella dentata 1 8% 1 1% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 62% 1 18% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 46% 1 38% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 171

CH_WSF17Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classClematis aristata 1 54% 1 10% uninformativeClematis glycinoides 1 31% 1 5% uninformativeClerodendrum tomentosum 1 8% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 38% 1 38% uninformativeCorymbia gummifera 2 8% 2 9% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 1 54% 2 20% uninformativeCorymbia variegata 4 15% 3 6% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 15% 1 20% uninformativeCryptocarya obovata 1 8% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 1 54% 2 26% uninformativeCupaniopsis anacardioides 1 8% 1 11% uninformativeCyathea australis 1 8% 1 13% uninformativeCyclophyllum longipetalum 1 8% 1 5% uninformativeCymbopogon refractus 2 15% 2 6% uninformativeDavallia solida var. pyxidata 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeDenhamia celastroides 1 15% 1 8% uninformativeDerris involuta 1 15% 1 1% uninformativeDesmodium brachypodum 1 8% 1 6% uninformativeDesmodium gunnii 1 31% 1 4% uninformativeDesmodium varians 2 15% 1 6% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 85% 1 49% uninformativeDichondra repens 1 31% 1 4% uninformativeDigitaria parviflora 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 46% 1 27% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 3 15% 1 9% uninformativeDoodia aspera 2 77% 2 14% positiveDrypetes deplanchei 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeEchinopogon caespitosus 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeElaeocarpus obovatus 1 8% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 8% 1 28% uninformativeElattostachys nervosa 1 8% 1 3% uninformativeEmbelia australiana 1 8% 1 11% uninformativeEmmenosperma alphitonioides 1 8% 2 0% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 1 8% 1 10% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 2 54% 2 24% positiveEucalyptus acmenoides 1 54% 2 7% uninformativeEucalyptus carnea 3 8% 2 10% uninformativeEucalyptus crebra 2 8% 2 0% uninformativeEucalyptus fibrosa 1 8% 2 1% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 3 15% 3 18% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 3 85% 3 33% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 5 8% 3 27% uninformativeEucalyptus propinqua 3 85% 3 12% positiveEucalyptus siderophloia 3 62% 3 9% positiveEupomatia laurina 2 15% 1 14% uninformativeEuroschinus falcatus 2 15% 1 4% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 38% 1 29% uninformativeFicus coronata 2 8% 1 13% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 23% 1 14% uninformativePage 172Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF17Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classGahnia sieberiana 2 8% 2 6% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 54% 1 22% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 8% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 2 8% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine tabacina 1 8% 1 1% uninformativeGmelina leichhardtii 1 8% 1 3% uninformativeGoodenia rotundifolia 1 8% 1 4% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 69% 1 27% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 62% 1 18% uninformativeHardenbergia violacea 2 23% 1 8% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 1 8% 1 10% uninformativeHibbertia dentata 2 15% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia empetrifolia subsp.1 8% 1 0% uninformativeempetrifoliaHibbertia scandens 1 31% 1 32% uninformativeHomalanthus populifolius 1 8% 1 3% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 92% 2 30% uninformativeIndigofera australis 2 15% 1 4% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 23% 1 11% uninformativeKennedia rubicunda 1 31% 1 7% uninformativeLastreopsis decomposita 1 8% 2 6% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 1 46% 1 16% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 15% 1 12% uninformativeLeucopogon juniperinus 1 23% 1 2% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 23% 1 19% uninformativeLindsaea microphylla 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeLomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida 1 38% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra filiformis 2 15% 1 12% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 100% 2 50% constantLomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora 1 8% 1 5% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 1 54% 2 31% uninformativeLophostemon suaveolens 2 8% 2 9% uninformativeMarsdenia liisae 1 8% 1 0% uninformativeMarsdenia lloydii 1 23% 2 1% uninformativeMaytenus bilocularis 1 38% 1 3% uninformativeMaytenus silvestris 1 23% 1 2% uninformativeMelicope micrococca 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 2 8% 1 4% uninformativeMonotoca scoparia 2 8% 1 3% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 46% 1 36% uninformativeMyrsine howittiana 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 31% 1 16% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 2 8% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 85% 1 25% uninformativeOlea paniculata 1 8% 2 0% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 15% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 1 38% 2 21% uninformativeOttochloa gracillima 3 15% 2 10% uninformativeOxalis radicosa 1 15% 2 0% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 173

CH_WSF17Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classOzothamnus diosmifolius 1 31% 1 8% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.1 46% 1 11% uninformativepandoranaParsonsia brownii 1 8% 0 0% positiveParsonsia rotata 1 8% 0 0% positiveParsonsia straminea 1 23% 1 28% uninformativePaspalum orbiculare 2 8% 2 0% uninformativePassiflora herbertiana subsp.1 8% 1 1% uninformativeherbertianaPellaea paradoxa 1 8% 1 1% uninformativePersoonia conjuncta 2 8% 1 2% uninformativePersoonia lanceolata 1 8% 0 0% positivePersoonia levis 2 8% 1 2% uninformativePersoonia media 1 8% 2 7% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 8% 1 19% uninformativePhyllanthus gunnii 2 8% 1 1% uninformativePhyllanthus similis 1 15% 1 2% uninformativePimelea latifolia 1 15% 1 1% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 1 31% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 8% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 3 15% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 23% 1 16% uninformativePlectranthus parviflorus 1 8% 1 2% uninformativePoa sieberiana 2 31% 2 4% uninformativePolyscias elegans 1 8% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 62% 1 15% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 31% 1 23% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 1 54% 2 26% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 23% 1 14% uninformativePteridium esculentum 2 23% 2 32% uninformativePultenaea villosa 2 8% 2 6% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 2 46% 1 15% uninformativeRhodomyrtus psidioides 1 15% 1 4% uninformativeRipogonum discolor 1 8% 2 11% uninformativeRipogonum fawcettianum 1 23% 2 21% uninformativeRubus moluccanus var. trilobus 1 15% 1 4% uninformativeRubus parvifolius 2 8% 1 4% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 2 8% 2 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 8% 1 9% uninformativeScolopia braunii 1 8% 1 6% uninformativeSeringia arborescens 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeSigesbeckia orientalis subsp. orientalis 2 8% 1 2% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 77% 1 43% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 15% 1 29% uninformativeSolanum hapalum 1 23% 1 5% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 23% 1 21% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 3 92% 3 37% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.1 31% 2 35% uninformativeglandulosumTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 54% 1 27% uninformativePage 174Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF17Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classTetrastigma nitens 1 8% 1 3% uninformativeThemeda australis 3 38% 3 23% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 31% 1 9% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 2 77% 1 36% positiveTylophora paniculata 1 8% 1 2% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 1 8% 1 11% uninformativeViola banksii 1 8% 1 16% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 15% 1 29% uninformativeXanthorrhoea johnsonii 2 8% 2 1% uninformativeZieria smithii 2 15% 1 4% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 175

CH_WSF18ESCARPMENT NEW ENGLAND BLACKBUTT WET FERNY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME New England Blackbutt (Eucalyptus campanulata)– Coastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) - Thick-leaved Mahogany(Eucalyptus carnea) Tall Open Forest of the Orara EscarpmentSTATEWIDE CLASS Wet Sclerophyll Forests – Northern Hinterland WetSclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_WSF18PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Blackbutt – Tallowwood – Turpentinemoist shrubby tall open forest of coastal hills and lower altitudeescarpment, South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSW North Coast(Bioregion (NSW1000-1592). Coachwood-Sassafras-Crab Apple tall closedforest of the Dorrigo area in the NSW North Coast Boregion (NSW1000-1591)DescriptionA tall to very tall wet sclerophyll forest located primarily on steep upper slopes of the Orara and Dorrigoescarpments with scattered occurrences on undulating hills on the Bobo Plateau between Ulong and Lowanna.The community is characterised by the association of New England Blackbutt (Eucalyptus campanulata) withBlackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) and Thick-leaved Mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea). The mid layer varies from a warmtemperate rainforest to wet sclerophyll forest with Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa), Black Wattle (Callicomaserratifolia), Coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum), Forest Maple (Cryptocarya rigida), Blueberry Ash (Elaeocarpusreticulatus) and Tree Heath (Trochocarpa laurina) being the main species. The ground layer consists mainly ofGristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum), Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia) and Soft Bracken (Calochlaenadubia).Most occurrences are near the escarpment rim on moist, fertile soils of metasediment origin between 500m and700m elevation.Page 176Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF18Floristic summaryLayer Height * Cover * Dominant SpeciesTallest 10-40 80 Eucalyptus campanulata, Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus carnea.Mid 0.5 – 5 70 Callicoma serratifolia, Caldcluvia paniculosa, Cryptocarya rigida,Doryphora sassafras, Drymophila moorei, Orites excelsa, Ripogonumelseyanum, Pilidiostigma glabrum.Lower 0.1 – 1.2 5 Blechnum cartilagineum, Entolasia stricta, Lomandra longifolia,Cordyline rubra.* Data collated from 1 of 2 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThe frequency of New England Blackbutt (Eucalyptus campanulata) is varied from dominance to co-dominanceand in some sites occurring as an associated species.Species richnessNumber of plots 2Total species 44Average number of species 39 ±3.5Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (289ha), Bindarri State Conservation Area (2ha), and DorrigoNational Park (83ha).TenureArea (ha)Freehold 86National Park 372NSW State Forest 175State Conservation Area 2TOTAL 635Relationship to other communitiesClosely related to the CH_WSF09 (Northern Escarpment Blackbutt - Apple Wet Ferny Forest) and often gradesinto this community as New England Blackbutt becomes less common. Drier occurrences of CH_WSF18have affinities with CH_DOF07 (Escarpment New England Blackbutt Dry Forest) and CH_DOF01 (Coast andEscarpment Blackbutt Dry Forest) and may occur adjacent to this community. CH_WSF18 can be distinguishedfrom CH_DOF07 by having a characteristically moist mid and lower layer. A high cover of New England Blackbutt(Eucalyptus campanulata) is a key diagnostic feature of this community where it becomes dominant or codominantwith other canopy species. In some locations further from the escarpment rim this community gradesinto CH_WSF07 (Plateau and Escarpment Rim Brush Box – Blackbutt Wet Forest). In these locations New EnglandBlackbutt becomes less common and is replaced with a higher frequency of Coastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptuspilularis) and Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus).EquivalentsBiometric:Other:Blackbutt tall moist forest of the coastal ranges of the central and southern North Coast (NR126)N7b - Moist Blackbutt (Fisher et al.1996)Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 177

CH_WSF18LocationsKnown examples of this community include Langley’s Road, Bushman’s Range Road, Junction of Pine Road, FallsRoad and Bangalore Road in Bindarri National Park.Page 178Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_WSF18Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia melanoxylon 3 50% 2 18% positiveAcmena smithii 1 50% 1 26% uninformativeAcradenia euodiiformis 2 50% 3 3% positiveAcrotriche aggregata 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 5 100% 2 35% positiveAngophora costata 3 50% 2 13% positiveAnopterus macleayanus 2 50% 2 3% positiveArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 3 50% 2 23% positiveArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 2 50% 1 32% positiveAtractocarpus benthamianus 2 50% 2 7% positiveAustrobuxus swainii 1 50% 1 4% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 1 50% 1 10% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 2 100% 2 38% positiveBlechnum patersonii 1 50% 3 2% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 2 50% 2 14% positiveCaldcluvia paniculosa 3 50% 2 12% positiveCallicoma serratifolia 4 100% 2 17% positiveCalochlaena dubia 1 50% 2 27% uninformativeCeratopetalum apetalum 4 100% 3 10% positiveCinnamomum oliveri 2 50% 1 6% positiveCissus hypoglauca 2 100% 1 37% positiveCordyline rubra 2 50% 1 1% positiveCryptocarya glaucescens 2 50% 2 17% positiveCryptocarya rigida 3 100% 2 27% positiveCyathea australis 1 50% 1 13% uninformativeCyathea leichhardtiana 1 50% 1 10% uninformativeDoryphora sassafras 2 50% 2 7% positiveDrymophila moorei 2 50% 2 2% positiveElaeocarpus reticulatus 3 100% 1 27% positiveEntolasia stricta 2 50% 2 25% positiveEucalyptus campanulata 5 100% 1 0% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 4 100% 3 27% positiveHibbertia dentata 1 50% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 50% 1 31% uninformativeLinospadix monostachya 1 50% 2 13% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 50% 2 51% constantLomatia silaifolia 1 50% 1 9% uninformativeMelicope hayesii 1 50% 1 4% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 2 50% 1 16% positiveOrites excelsus 3 50% 2 6% positiveOzothamnus obovatus 1 50% 1 0% uninformativePalmeria scandens 2 50% 1 9% positivePandorea pandorana subsp.1 50% 1 12% uninformativepandoranaParsonsia purpurascens 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 50% 1 27% uninformativePersoonia media 1 50% 2 7% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 179

CH_WSF18Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPetermannia cirrosa 2 50% 1 6% positivePilidiostigma glabrum 2 50% 1 12% positivePittosporum revolutum 1 50% 1 13% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 50% 1 16% uninformativePlectorrhiza tridentata 1 50% 1 2% uninformativePolyosma cunninghamii 2 50% 2 5% positivePolyscias sambucifolia 1 50% 1 16% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 1 50% 2 27% uninformativePteridium esculentum 1 50% 2 32% uninformativeRipogonum album 2 50% 2 6% positiveRipogonum elseyanum 4 50% 2 7% positiveSarcopteryx stipata 2 100% 1 11% positiveSchizomeria ovata 2 50% 1 12% positiveSmilax australis 1 50% 1 44% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 2 100% 1 28% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.2 50% 2 34% positiveglandulosumTrimenia moorei 2 50% 1 3% positiveTristaniopsis laurina 2 50% 2 3% positiveTrochocarpa laurina 2 100% 1 37% positivePage 180Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 181

CH_G01STRANDLINE GRASSLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Spinifex (Spinifex sericeus) strandline grasslandSTATEWIDE CLASS Grasslands – Maritime Grasslands (Keith 2006)CH_G01PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Spinifex strandline grassland of theNSW North Coast and South Eastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW700-674)DescriptionA dynamic strandline grassland community that occupies sheltered sections of beaches and creek mouths,and undergoes a regular expansion and contraction in extent. The community expands during periods of sandaccretion, enabling sand binding plants to colonise, and the community contracts in times of storm events. Oftena very simple community in which Coastal Spinifex (Spinifex sericeus) is abundant; other herbs and prostrateshrubs include Pig Face (Carpobrotus glaucescens), Ipomoea brasiliensis and the introduced Hydrocotyle bonariensisand American Sea Rocket (Cakile edentula). There are also scattered shrubs of Coast Wattle (Acacia longifolia subsp.sophorae). At Red Rock Surf Beach the stable areas that have been mapped are more species diverse and containBlue Fan Flower (Scaevola calendulacea), Prickly Couch (Zoysia macrantha) and Club Rush (Ficinia nodosa).Occurs on strandlines of sandy beaches and offshore islandsPage 182Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_G01Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesLower layer 1 0-1.5 35-70 Spinifex sericeus, Ipomoea brasiliensis,Carpobrotus glaucescens, Vigna marina.* Data collated from 3 of 3 full floristic sites.ExoticsAsparagus aethiopicus, Bidens pilosa, Cakile endentula, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp.rotundata, Hydrocotyle bonariensis, Solanum nigrumSpecies richnessNumber of plots 5Total native species 20Average number of species 6 ±5.7Conservation statusBongil Bongil National Park (1ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (11ha), Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (1ha), YuraygirNational Park (15ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 5Freehold 1National Park 18Nature Reserve 2Regional Park 5TOTAL 30Relationship to other communitiesOften adjoining or forming a mosaic with CH_H02 (Coastal Dune Wattle Shrublands). Coastal Spinifex (Spinifexsericeus) is a key diagnostic species for CH_G01.EquivalentsBiometric: No equivalent although sites with Coastal Spinifex (Spinifex sericeus) listed as dominant areincluded in Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis) sod tussock grassland of coastal areas of the North Coast.Other: Community 2- Strandline Grassland (Cameron et al. 2011).LocationsBoambee Beach, Woolgoolga Beach; South Mullaway Beach, Mullaway Beach ; Ocean View Beach; Corindi Beach;Red Rock Surf Beach.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 183

CH_G01Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelityclassAcacia longifolia 2 67% 1 5% positiveCarpobrotus glaucescens 1 33% 2 1% uninformativeHydrocotyle pedicellosa 1 33% 2 2% uninformativeIpomoea brasiliensis 2 33% 2 0% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeSenecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius 1 33% 2 1% uninformativeSpinifex sericeus 4 100% 3 1% positiveVigna marina 2 33% 0 0% positivePage 184Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_G02MARITIME GRASSLANDS - OFFSHORE ISLANDSSCIENTIFIC NAME Native Wandering Jew (Commelina cyanea) –Prickly Couch (Zoysia macrantha) Pig Face (Carpobrotus glausescens)Maritime Grasslands of Offshore IslandsSTATEWIDE CLASS Grasslands – Maritime Grasslands (Keith 2006)PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE(NSW700-535)CH_G02Maritime Grasslands of Offshore IslandsDescriptionA maritime grassland community occupying offshore islands and comprising a zonation of herbs, grasses andforbs influenced by location on slope, exposure to salt spray and soil depth. Ice Plant (Sesuvium portulacastrum),Ruby Saltmarsh (Enchylaena tomentosa), Shore Spleenwort (Asplenium difforme), Sea Daisy (Melanthera biflora),Sticky Cockspur flower (Plectranthus cremnus) and Pig Face (Carpobrotus glaucescens) are most common on cliffsand steep slopes. Prickly Couch (Zoysia macrantha), Dune Bean (Vigna marina) and Sword Bean (Canavalia rosea)occur on gentle slopes on shallow soils. On gentle slopes with deeper soils Blue Flax-lily (Dianella caerulea),(Dianella congesta), Weeping Meadow Grass (Microlaena stipoides), Native Wandering Jew (Commelina cyanea),Variable Groundsel (Senecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius), New Zealand Spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides) andPennywort (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides) form a very dense cover (Floyd 1984).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 185

CH_G02Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesLower 0-0.4 70 Commelina cyanea, Zoysia macrantha, Carpobrotus glausescens,Plectranthus cremnus.ExoticsDigitaria ciliaris, Hypochaeris radicata, Paspalum urvillei, Solanum nigrumSpecies richnessNumber of plots 1Total species 17Average number of species 17Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Mutton Bird Island Nature Reserve (8ha).TenureArea (ha)Nature Reserve 8TOTAL 8Threatened and Rare plants:Plectranthus cremnusRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_H03 (Kangaroo Grass Headland Grasslands), but with a very different suite of grasses and shrubsand soilsEquivalentsBiometric:No equivalentLocationsMuttonbird Island, North West Rock, Flat Top Rock and other offshore islands of the Solitary Islands Group.Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAsplenium difforme 2 100% 0 0% positiveCarpobrotus glaucescens 3 100% 1 1% positiveCommelina cyanea 4 100% 1 4% positiveDianella congesta 3 100% 2 1% positiveDichondra repens 2 100% 1 5% positiveFicinia nodosa 1 100% 2 3% uninformativeLobelia anceps 2 100% 1 5% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeParsonsia straminea 1 100% 1 27% uninformativePlectranthus cremnus 3 100% 1 0% positivePortulaca oleracea 2 100% 0 0% positivePage 186Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_G02Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPseuderanthemum variabile 2 100% 2 27% positivePseudognaphalium luteoalbum 1 100% 3 0% uninformativeRhagodia candolleana subsp.2 100% 1 0% positivecandolleanaSenecio pinnatifolius 2 100% 2 1% positiveTetragonia tetragonioides 1 100% 1 0% uninformativeZoysia macrantha 4 100% 3 3% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 187


CH_DOF01COAST AND ESCARPMENT BLACKBUTT DRY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) – Red Mahogany(Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra) – Turpentine (Syncarpiaglomulifera) – Pink Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) grassy dry open totall open forestSTATEWIDE CLASS Dry Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast DrySclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_DOF01PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Turpentine – Blackbutt – Tallowwoodshrub/grass open forest of hinterland hills, NSW North Coast Bioregion(NSW700-297)DescriptionA tall open forest characterised by an open canopy of Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis). Other species thatco-dominate may include some or all of the following species: Red Mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera subsp.hemilampra), Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus signata), Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera), Pink Bloodwood (Corymbiaintermedia) and Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys). The understorey is predominantly grassy and/or ferny andcan vary from a heathy to a dry shrubby species composition. A range of other canopy species may be presentas associated species and include Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata), Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna) andSmall-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua). An open middle small tree layer is present and may include BlackShe-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis), Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa), Green Wattle (Acacia irrorata) and saplingEucalypt (Eucalyptus. spp), Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) and Bloodwood (Corymbia spp.) trees. A sparse todense second mid layer of shrubs is sometimes present and includes Large-leaf Hop Bush (Dodonaea triquetra),Beard Heath (Leucopogon lanceolatus), Mock Olive (Notelaea longifolia), Blueberry Ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus),Geebung (Persoonia stradbrokensis) and Elderberry Ash (Polyscias sambucifolia). The dense ground layer iscomprised of species such as Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis), Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia),Bracken Fern (Pteridium esculentum), Soft Bracken (Calochlaena dubia), Gristle Fern (Blechnum cartilagineum),Blady Grass (Imperata cylindrica) and Blue Flax-lily (Dianella caerulea). Variants of this community sometimesexhibit canopy dominance of species such as Sydney Blue Gum (Eucalyptus saligna), Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptussignata) and Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 189

CH_DOF01This community is very widespread, occurring often on exposed to intermediate aspects on sedimentary andmetasedimentary coastal and hinterland hills. It also occurs on clay soils near creek banks and extending into theescarpment ranges and plateau rim on more exposed sites with less fertile soils. More commonly occurs below400m.Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesTallest 5-30 18-65 Eucalyptus pilularis, Syncarpia glomulifera, Corymbiaintermedia, Eucalyptus microcorys, Eucalyptus resiniferasubsp. hemilampra, Angophora costata.Middle layer 1 5-20 20-55 Allocasuarina littoralis, Allocasuarina torulosa, Syncarpiaglomulifera.Middle layer 2 3-15 10-60 Dodonaea triquetra, Hovea acutifolia, Leucopogonlanceolatus, Notelaea longifolia, Persoonia stradbrokensis,Polyscias sambucifolia, Elaeocarpus reticulatus.Ground 0-0.5 60-90 Imperata cylindrica, Lomandra longifolia, Pteridiumesculentum, Calochlaena dubia, Blechnum cartilagineum,Dianella caerulea, Themeda australis, Hibbertia scandens,Cissus hypoglauca, Hibbertia aspera.* Data collated from 10 of 11 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsSome occurrences of this community on metasedimentary geology around Toormina and Coffs Harbour maybe dominated or co-dominated by Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus signata). Other species such as Sydney Blue Gum(Eucalyptus saligna) and Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata) occasionally occur in the community andmay be locally abundant. Variations in the understorey occur across the distribution of this community. Insome locations a heathy, dry and shrubby understorey is found. In other locations there has been significantdisturbance and the understorey is simple, grassy or contains exotics. This community is extensive throughout thestudy area and contains significant variation within the floristic profile.ExoticsAgeratina adenophora, Andropogon virginicus, Baccharis halimifolia, Cinnamomum camphora,Lantana camara, Paspalum urvillei, Schefflera actinophyllaSpecies richnessNumber of plots 11Total species 132Average number of species 33 ±6.2Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (49ha), Bongil Bongil National Park (50ha), Coffs CoastRegional Park (12ha), Garby Nature Reserve (28ha), Bruxner Park Flora Reserve (17ha), Sherwood Nature Reserve(109ha), Yuraygir National Park (632ha).Page 190Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF01TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 138Freehold 2 679National Park 727Nature Reserve 138NSW State Forest 3 098NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 17Regional Park 12Total 6 809Relationship to other communitiesRelated to and grades into CH_WSF08 (Southern Foothills Blackbutt Turpentine Tallowwood Wet Ferny Forest)and CH_WSF09 (Northern Escarpment Blackbutt - Apple Wet Ferny Forest) with increasing soil moisture andfertility. Often occurring adjacent to CH_DOF05 (Foothills Grey Gum Ironbark Mahogany), CH_WSF17 (FoothillsTurpentine Grey Gum Ironbark Moist Shrubby Forest) and CH_DOF06 (Lowlands Swamp Paperbark Red Gum DryForest).EquivalentsBiometric:Coast(NR117) Blackbutt - Pink Bloodwood shrubby open forest of the coastal lowlands of the NorthOther:N2a – Dry Blackbutt (Fisher et al. 1996), Community 20 - Tallowwood-Blackbutt Dry OpenForest (Cameron et al. 2011), Forest Ecosystem 72 – Low Relief Coastal Blackbutt (NPWS 1999)LocationsRange Road near Dundoo Creek, Corindi. Tramway Drive, west of Pacific Highway near Mullaway. Cordwells Creek,north of Linden Avenue, East Boambee. Moleton Road near Cradle Creek Road north of Lowanna.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 191

CH_DOF01Page 192Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF01Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia binervata 1 9% 2 5% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 2 18% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia longissima 1 9% 1 1% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 1 45% 2 18% uninformativeAcacia myrtifolia 1 18% 1 1% uninformativeAcacia suaveolens 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeAcacia ulicifolia 1 9% 1 2% uninformativeAcianthus fornicatus 1 9% 1 1% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 27% 1 26% uninformativeAcronychia imperforata 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeAcronychia oblongifolia 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 3 45% 3 9% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 3 55% 2 35% positiveAlpinia caerulea 1 9% 1 18% uninformativeAngophora costata 2 27% 2 13% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 9% 2 24% uninformativeBaeckea frutescens 1 9% 2 3% uninformativeBaloskion tetraphyllum subsp.1 9% 2 3% uninformativemeiostachyumBanksia integrifolia subsp .1 9% 1 8% uninformativeintegrifoliaBillardiera scandens 1 27% 1 10% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 2 55% 2 38% positiveBreynia oblongifolia 2 36% 1 29% uninformativeBrunoniella australis 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 2 9% 2 17% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 2 36% 3 12% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 2 55% 2 26% positiveCassytha pubescens 1 9% 2 2% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 55% 1 37% uninformativeClematis aristata 2 9% 1 11% uninformativeClerodendrum tomentosum 1 9% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 9% 1 39% uninformativeCorymbia gummifera 3 18% 2 8% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 2 73% 2 19% positiveCryptocarya glaucescens 2 18% 2 17% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 9% 1 21% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 2 9% 2 27% uninformativeCyathea australis 1 9% 1 13% uninformativeCyclophyllum longipetalum 1 9% 1 5% uninformativeCymbidium suave 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeDampiera stricta 1 18% 2 7% uninformativeDampiera sylvestris 1 9% 1 1% uninformativeDesmodium rhytidophyllum 1 18% 1 7% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 100% 1 49% uninformativeDillwynia retorta 1 9% 1 1% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 2 55% 1 8% positiveDoodia aspera 1 9% 2 16% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 193

CH_DOF01Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classElaeocarpus reticulatus 2 64% 1 26% positiveEntolasia marginata 2 27% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 1 9% 2 25% uninformativeEpacris microphylla 1 9% 1 1% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 1 27% 3 17% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 2 82% 3 33% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 3 100% 3 25% positiveEucalyptus propinqua 1 9% 3 14% uninformativeEucalyptus resinifera subsp.2 91% 3 9% positivehemilampraEucalyptus robusta 1 9% 2 7% uninformativeEucalyptus saligna 1 9% 3 9% uninformativeEucalyptus siderophloia 2 9% 3 11% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 3 9% 1 15% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 36% 1 29% uninformativeExocarpos cupressiformis 2 9% 1 0% uninformativeExocarpos strictus 2 9% 1 1% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 2 27% 2 14% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 27% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 2 27% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 9% 1 12% uninformativeGlycine microphylla 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeGonocarpus tetragynus 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeGoodenia hederacea subsp.1 9% 1 3% uninformativehederaceaGoodenia rotundifolia 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 2 18% 1 28% uninformativeHakea salicifolia 1 9% 1 1% uninformativeHardenbergia violacea 1 9% 1 8% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 2 64% 1 9% positiveHibbertia dentata 1 9% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia obtusifolia 1 9% 1 1% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 2 82% 1 30% positiveHibbertia vestita 1 27% 1 11% uninformativeHovea acutifolia 4 18% 1 1% uninformativeHovea linearis 2 9% 1 1% uninformativeHydrocotyle laxiflora 1 9% 2 0% uninformativeHypolepis muelleri 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 3 64% 2 31% positiveIndigofera australis 2 9% 2 4% uninformativeJacksonia scoparia 2 9% 1 2% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 2 9% 1 11% uninformativeKennedia rubicunda 1 36% 1 7% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 1 27% 1 17% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 9% 1 12% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 2 45% 1 19% uninformativeLeucopogon margarodes 2 9% 1 3% uninformativeLitsea reticulata 1 9% 2 7% uninformativeLomandra filiformis 2 9% 1 12% uninformativePage 194Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF01Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classLomandra longifolia 3 100% 2 50% constantLomatia silaifolia 1 45% 1 8% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 2 45% 2 31% uninformativeLophostemon suaveolens 1 27% 2 8% uninformativeMelaleuca sieberi 1 9% 3 4% uninformativeMelaleuca styphelioides 1 9% 2 1% uninformativeMonotoca scoparia 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 82% 1 25% uninformativeNotelaea ovata 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeOchrosperma lineare 1 9% 2 0% uninformativeOxylobium robustum 2 18% 2 1% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 2 27% 1 8% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.2 18% 1 12% uninformativepandoranaParsonsia straminea 2 9% 1 28% uninformativePatersonia sericea 2 9% 2 4% uninformativePersoonia conjuncta 4 9% 1 2% uninformativePersoonia levis 1 9% 2 2% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 2 55% 1 17% positivePimelea linifolia 1 9% 1 10% uninformativePlatysace lanceolata 1 9% 0 0% positivePolyscias sambucifolia 2 55% 1 15% positivePomaderris aspera 2 9% 2 1% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 45% 1 22% uninformativePteridium esculentum 2 100% 1 30% positivePultenaea retusa 2 9% 1 6% uninformativeRhodamnia rubescens 1 9% 1 16% uninformativeRipogonum fawcettianum 3 9% 2 21% uninformativeRubus moluccanus var. trilobus 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 2 9% 1 12% uninformativeSmilax australis 2 36% 1 45% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 2 45% 1 28% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 18% 1 22% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 3 82% 2 38% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp.1 27% 2 35% uninformativeglandulosumThemeda australis 3 36% 3 24% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 2 18% 1 37% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 1 9% 1 11% uninformativeViola hederacea 2 9% 2 2% uninformativeXanthorrhoea macronema 2 18% 1 5% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 195

CH_DOF02SANDSTONE BLOODWOOD -NEEDLEBARK STRINGYBARK HEATHY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Red Bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera) - NeedlebarkStringybark (Eucalyptus planchoniana) heathy dry open forest onsandstone and conglomerateSTATEWIDE CLASS Dry Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast DrySclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_DOF02PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Bailey’s Stringybark – NeedlebarkStringybark heathy woodland on sandstones of the lower ClarenceValley of the NSW North Coast and South Eastern Queensland Bioregions(NSW700-305)Woodland variantDescriptionA moderate to tall open forest where the dominant canopy species can vary but include Needlebark Stringybark(Eucalyptus planchoniana), Red Bloodwood (Corymbia gummifera), Large-fruited Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pyrocarpa)and Red Mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra). Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) is sometimescommon in both the tree and mid layer. Tindale’s Stringybark (Eucalyptus tindaliae) and Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptussignata) may also occur in some sites particularly along drainage lines and at times can become dominant. Thereis usually a well developed and diverse tall mid shrub layer of species including Tantoon Tea-tree (LeptospermumPage 196Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF02polygalifolium), Flaky-bark Tea-tree (Leptospermumtrinervium), Fern-leaved Banksia (Banksiaoblongifolia), Pultenaea villosa and Black Sheoak(Allocasuarina littoralis). The ground layergenerally contains Wiry Panic (Entolasia stricta),Austrostipa pubescens, Saw Sedge (Gahnia clarkei)and Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis). Smallershrubs such as Rice Flower (Pimelea linifolia) andPhyllota phylicoides also occur. Some sites have adense cover of Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis),and the middle layer of shrubs may be sparse.The Horned sedge (Ptilothrix deusta) dominatesthe ground layer in some locations while othercommon species include Purple Flag (Patersoniasericea), Wiry Panic (Entolasia stricta), PinnateWedge Pea (Gompholobium pinnatum) and in onelocation, Slender Twine-rush (Leptocarpus tenax).Heathland VariantLocated on undulating topography and clay andsandy loam soils in the Red Range area, parts ofthe Coast Range on Corindi Conglomerate and alsosandstone plateaus at Anderson’s Mountain andDick’s Knob. East of the ranges, there are isolatedoccurrences in Yuraygir National Park (around theupper reaches of Station Creek) and Garby NatureReserve mainly on a clay substrate.Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesTallest 6-25 40-60 Corymbia gummifera, Eucalyptus planchoniana, Eucalyptus pyrocarpa,Angophora costata, Syncarpia glomulifera, Eucalyptus resinifera subsp.hemilampra.Middle 0.3-8 15-55 Leptospermum polygalifolium, Leptospermum trinervium, Persooniastradbrokensis, Phyllota phylicoides, Banksia oblongifolia, Syncarpiaglomulifera, Pimelea linifolia, Allocasuarina littoralis, Banksia spinulosa var.collina, Pultenaea villosa, Lambertia formosa, Leucopogon lanceolatus.Ground 0.1 - 1 5-20 Patersonia glabrata, Entolasia stricta, Dianella caerulea, Lomandra multiflorasubsp. multiflora, Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida, Phyllanthushirtellus, Hibbertia vestita, Austrostipa pubescens, Gahnia clarkei, Pteridiumesculentum, Themeda australis.* Data collated from 12 of 20 full floristic sitesExoticsPaspalum spp., Pinus spp.Species richnessNumber of plots 20Total species 189Average number of species 33 ±8.3Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 197

CH_DOF02Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Coffs Coast Regional Park (1ha), Madman’s Creek Flora Reserve (6ha), Garby NatureReserve (24ha), Sherwood Nature Reserve (60ha) and Yuraygir National Park (295ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 30Freehold 1 493National Park 292Nature Reserve 85NSW State Forest 1 474NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 6Regional Park 1Total 3 382Threatened and Rare plants:Boronia chartacea 3R, Olearia stilwelliae 3RCaRelationship to other communitiesMay grade into CH_DOF04 (Needlebark Stringybark- Scribbly Gum – Red Mahogany Dry Open Forest) along creeklines and poorly drained flats where Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus signata) occurs.EquivalentsBiometric: (NR104) Bailey’s Stringybark - Needlebark Stringybark heathy woodland on sandstones of thelower Clarence Valley of the North CoastOther:N42a - Needlebark Stringybark (Fisher et al. 1996); URov21 - Eucalyptus planchoniana (Tweedieet al. 1995); Research Note 17 – Type 97 Needlebark Stringybark (Forestry Commission of NSW, 1989).LocationsConglomerate State Forest; Wedding Bells State Forest; Red Ridge Road on the Coast Range; Dirty Creek;Newfoundland State Forest; Station Creek, Yuraygir National Park.Structural and floristic variationsThere is considerable structural and floristic variation in this community. Structurally it can vary from shrublandor woodland on shallow sandstone plateau tops and ridges to a taller open forest in more sheltered aspects ondeeper soils. At Anderson’s Mountain, patches of heath with Horned sedge (Ptilothrix deusta) and Allocasuarinadefungens were observed in areas of clay soils on slopes with impeded drainage. Additionally, there weresandstone sedgelands too small to map with Baeckea spp. and Lepidosperma limicola.The overstory can vary from areas dominated by Large-fruited Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pyrocarpa) to areas in whichNeedlebark Stringybark (Eucalyptus planchoniana) is the only tree present. There are areas where Blackbutt(Eucalyptus pilularis) and Large-fruited Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pyrocarpa) intergrade. Red Bloodwood (Corymbiagummifera) is a consistently occurring species in the canopy and other species such as Red Mahogany (Eucalyptusresinifera subsp. hemilampra) and Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) are present in less sandy areas of higherfertility.Page 198Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF02Along creek lines and lower slopes on sandstone plateaus there is a dense layer of tall Flaky-bark Tea-tree(Leptospermum trinervium), Sieber’s Paperbark (Melaleuca sieberi) and Old Man Banksia (Banksia serrata.) with aground layer of sedges such as Lepyrodia sp. A. In Conglomerate State Forest the understorey is often a denseground layer of Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis) and shrub cover is low. Elsewhere at Madman’s Creek andparts of the Red Range the understorey consists of a well developed shrub layer. Sometimes Saw Sedge (Gahniasieberiana) is common in areas of poor drainage.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 199

CH_DOF02Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia brownii 1 5% 2 0% uninformativeAcacia complanata 1 10% 1 1% uninformativeAcacia fimbriata 2 10% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 5 10% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia myrtifolia 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeAcacia suaveolens 2 20% 1 2% uninformativeAcacia terminalis 1 35% 2 0% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 10% 1 27% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 3 40% 2 8% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 1 5% 2 37% uninformativeAngophora costata 2 30% 2 13% uninformativeAngophora floribunda 2 15% 1 1% uninformativeAngophora subvelutina 1 5% 4 0% uninformativeAngophora woodsiana 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeAnisopogon avenaceus 1 15% 0 0% positiveArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 10% 1 33% uninformativeAristida vagans 2 5% 2 2% uninformativeAristida warburgii 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeAustrostipa pubescens 1 15% 2 1% uninformativeBaloskion tetraphyllum subsp.2 10% 1 3% uninformativemeiostachyumBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 1 5% 1 8% uninformativeBanksia oblongifolia 2 50% 3 7% positiveBanksia serrata 2 20% 3 0% uninformativeBanksia spinulosa var. collina 2 65% 2 2% positiveBillardiera scandens 1 25% 1 10% uninformativeBlandfordia grandiflora 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeBoronia chartacea 1 5% 0 0% positiveBossiaea heterophylla 1 10% 0 0% positiveBrachyloma daphnoides 1 5% 0 0% positiveBreynia oblongifolia 1 10% 1 30% uninformativeBrunoniella australis 2 10% 1 3% uninformativeCaesia parviflora 1 10% 1 1% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 1 5% 3 13% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 2 15% 2 27% uninformativeCassytha filiformis 1 10% 2 3% uninformativeCassytha glabella f. glabella 2 10% 1 4% uninformativeCassytha pubescens 1 10% 2 2% uninformativeCaustis blakei subsp. blakei 2 5% 0 0% positiveCaustis flexuosa 3 10% 1 1% uninformativeCaustis pentandra 2 25% 0 0% positiveCeratopetalum gummiferum 1 35% 3 0% uninformativeCestichis coelogynoides 1 5% 0 0% positiveCheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 5% 1 39% uninformativeComesperma ericinum 1 20% 1 0% uninformativeComesperma sphaerocarpum 1 5% 0 0% positiveCorymbia gummifera 3 70% 2 6% positivePage 200Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF02Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classCorymbia intermedia 3 5% 2 21% uninformativeDampiera stricta 2 40% 2 6% uninformativeDampiera sylvestris 1 10% 1 1% uninformativeDaviesia umbellulata 2 20% 2 1% uninformativeDaviesia wyattiana 1 5% 0 0% positiveDendrobium kingianum 2 5% 4 0% uninformativeDesmodium rhytidophyllum 1 5% 1 7% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 35% 1 51% uninformativeDillwynia retorta 3 10% 1 1% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 1 15% 1 9% uninformativeDrosera pygmaea 1 5% 0 0% positiveEchinostephia aculeata 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 10% 1 28% uninformativeEndiandra discolor 1 5% 1 5% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 2 70% 2 23% positiveEntolasia whiteana 1 5% 0 0% positiveEpacris microphylla 1 10% 1 1% uninformativeEpacris pulchella 2 30% 2 2% uninformativeEragrostis brownii 2 5% 1 0% uninformativeEucalyptus baileyana 1 5% 0 0% positiveEucalyptus carnea 2 10% 3 10% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 1 20% 3 35% uninformativeEucalyptus pilularis 3 15% 3 27% uninformativeEucalyptus planchoniana 4 80% 5 0% positiveEucalyptus pyrocarpa 3 35% 3 1% uninformativeEucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra 3 20% 2 10% uninformativeEucalyptus signata 3 20% 3 1% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 10% 1 30% uninformativeExocarpos strictus 1 10% 2 0% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 2 15% 2 14% uninformativeGahnia sieberiana 3 20% 2 6% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 5% 1 24% uninformativeGenoplesium fimbriatum 1 5% 0 0% positiveGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 5% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 20% 1 12% uninformativeGompholobium latifolium 1 25% 1 2% uninformativeGompholobium pinnatum 1 40% 1 3% uninformativeGonocarpus tetragynus 1 10% 1 4% uninformativeGoodenia hederacea subsp. hederacea 2 5% 1 4% uninformativeGoodenia heterophylla 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeGoodenia rotundifolia 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeHakea florulenta 1 10% 3 1% uninformativeHakea laevipes subsp. laevipes 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeHakea salicifolia 2 15% 1 1% uninformativeHakea sericea 1 20% 0 0% positiveHardenbergia violacea 1 25% 1 7% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 201

CH_DOF02Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classHeteropogon contortus 2 5% 0 0% positiveHibbertia aspera 2 20% 1 10% uninformativeHibbertia dentata 1 5% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia obtusifolia 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeHibbertia riparia 2 5% 0 0% positiveHibbertia scandens 1 5% 1 33% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 2 45% 1 10% uninformativeHovea linearis 1 15% 2 0% uninformativeHybanthus monopetalus 1 10% 2 0% uninformativeHybanthus vernonii 1 5% 0 0% positiveHypoxis pratensis 1 5% 0 0% positiveImperata cylindrica 2 35% 2 32% uninformativeJacksonia scoparia 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeKennedia rubicunda 2 5% 1 8% uninformativeLambertia formosa 4 20% 0 0% positiveLaxmannia gracilis 3 5% 1 0% uninformativeLepidosperma latens 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 1 55% 1 15% uninformativeLeptomeria acida 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeLeptospermum juniperinum 2 5% 1 2% uninformativeLeptospermum liversidgei 3 5% 3 3% uninformativeLeptospermum petersonii 3 5% 2 0% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 2 65% 1 10% positiveLeptospermum trinervium 3 60% 3 1% positiveLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 70% 1 17% uninformativeLeucopogon margarodes 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeLeucopogon parviflorus 2 5% 1 1% uninformativeLindsaea linearis 1 20% 1 3% uninformativeLindsaea microphylla 1 15% 1 1% uninformativeLobelia andrewsii 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeLogania pusilla 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeLomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida 2 20% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra filiformis 2 25% 1 12% uninformativeLomandra glauca 3 5% 0 0% positiveLomandra longifolia 1 35% 2 52% negativeLomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora 1 35% 1 4% uninformativeLomatia silaifolia 1 70% 1 6% uninformativeLophostemon suaveolens 2 10% 2 9% uninformativeLycopodium deuterodensum 4 5% 1 0% uninformativeMacrozamia fawcettii 1 20% 1 2% uninformativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 1 10% 2 12% uninformativeMelaleuca sieberi 1 20% 4 4% uninformativeMelichrus procumbens 1 15% 2 0% uninformativeMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 1 5% 2 4% uninformativeMirbelia rubiifolia 2 15% 1 1% uninformativeMonotoca elliptica 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeMonotoca scoparia 1 20% 1 2% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 5% 1 17% uninformativeNotelaea ovata 1 15% 1 3% uninformativePage 202Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF02Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classOplismenus imbecillis 2 5% 2 22% uninformativeOxalis perennans 1 5% 1 1% uninformativePandanus tectorius var. australianus 1 5% 0 0% positivePanicum simile 1 15% 1 4% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 5% 1 29% uninformativePatersonia glabrata 2 70% 2 3% positivePatersonia sericea 1 40% 2 2% uninformativePersoonia cornifolia 2 10% 2 0% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 80% 1 16% uninformativePersoonia tenuifolia 1 15% 1 0% uninformativePetrophile canescens 1 35% 1 0% uninformativePhyllanthus hirtellus 1 40% 1 1% uninformativePhyllota phylicoides 4 20% 3 1% uninformativePimelea linifolia 2 45% 1 8% uninformativePlatylobium formosum 2 5% 0 0% positivePodolobium ilicifolium 1 5% 0 0% positivePolyscias sambucifolia 1 5% 1 17% uninformativePomax umbellata 1 5% 1 6% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 1 5% 2 28% uninformativePteridium esculentum 2 60% 1 31% positivePultenaea flexilis 3 15% 0 0% positivePultenaea myrtoides 1 5% 3 1% uninformativePultenaea petiolaris 1 10% 0 0% positivePultenaea retusa 2 25% 1 5% uninformativePultenaea rostrata 3 10% 1 0% uninformativePultenaea villosa 2 50% 2 4% positiveRicinocarpos pinifolius 3 5% 1 2% uninformativeScaevola ramosissima 1 10% 0 0% positiveSchizaea bifida 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeSchizaea dichotoma 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeSchoenus melanostachys 1 5% 3 1% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 5% 1 46% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 30% 1 29% uninformativeSprengelia incarnata 1 5% 0 0% positiveStyphelia viridis 1 15% 1 0% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 3 70% 3 37% positiveTetratheca thymifolia 2 10% 0 0% positiveThemeda australis 2 55% 3 22% positiveThysanotus tuberosus subsp. tuberosus 1 10% 1 1% uninformativeTricoryne anceps subsp. pterocaulon 1 5% 0 0% positiveTricoryne elatior 1 10% 1 2% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 1 10% 1 38% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 1 5% 1 11% uninformativeViola banksii 2 5% 1 16% uninformativeXanthorrhoea johnsonii 2 10% 2 1% uninformativeXanthorrhoea latifolia subsp. latifolia 1 15% 2 0% uninformativeXanthorrhoea macronema 2 35% 1 4% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 203

CH_DOF04HINTERLAND NEEDLEBARK STRINGYBARK - SCRIBBLY GUM -RED MAHOGANY DRY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Needlebark Stringybark (Eucalyptus planchoniana)– Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus signata) – Red Mahogany (Eucalyptusresinifera subsp. hemilampra) Dry Open Forest on gentle slopes on clayand sandy riparian creek linesSTATEWIDE CLASS Dry Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast DrySclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_DOF04PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Scribbly Gum – Bloodwood heathy openforest on poorly drained sandy soils, South Eastern Queensland Bioregionand north east parts of the NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW999-705)DescriptionA tall to very tall open forest with the canopy dominated by Red Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia), NeedlebarkStringybark (Eucalyptus planchoniana), Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus signata), Tindale’s Stringybark and RedMahogany (E. resinifera subsp. hemilampra). There is usually a well developed diverse and tall mid shrub layerof species such as Sieber’s Paperbark (Melaleuca sieberi) and Tantoon Tea-tree (Leptospermum polygalifolium).A second layer of smaller shrubs is present including Fern-leaved Banksia (Banksia oblongifolia), Blunt-leavedHeath (Epacris obtusifolia), Hairpin Banksia (Banksia spinulosa var. collina), and Prickly Tea-tree (Leptospermumjuniperinum). The Horned sedge (Ptilothrix deusta ) dominates the ground layer at most sites while other commonspecies include Pinnate Wedge Pea (Gompholobium pinnatum) and in one site Leptocaprus tenax. This communityoccurs on poorly drained flats and creeklines with sandy clay soils. It often occurs on slight rises adjacent to wetheath vegetation on more permanently moist soils. It is primarily distributed in the north-west of the study areain Newfoundland State Forest along gently undulating country adjoining the Wooli Wooli River, Station Creek inYuraygir National Park and futher south at Dundoo Creek on the Red Range and along Moonee Creek.Page 204Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF04Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesTallest * * Corymbia gummifera, Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra, Eucalyptus planchoniana,Eucalyptus signata, Eucalyptus tindaliae.Middle * * Melaleuca sieberi, Banksia oblongifolia, Leptospermum polygalifolium, Pultenaeamyrtoides, Epacris pulchella, Epacris obtusifolia, Persoonia stradbrokensis, Hakea actites,Leptospermum juniperinum.Lower * * Ptilothrix deusta, Gompholobium pinnatum, Leptocarpus tenax.* Structural information not available from full floristic data. Summary information interpreted from rapid flora dataand field observation.Structural and floristic variationsIn parts of the Red Range, Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus signata) and Red Mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera subsp.hemilampra) dominate over large Sieber’s Paperbarks (Melaleuca sieberi) with a ground layer of sedges in riparianareas and flat valleys. During rapid sampling Tindale’s Stringybark (Eucalyptus tindaliae) and Scribbly Gum(Eucalyptus signata) were observed and will occur periodically in areas mapped as this community.Species richnessNumber of plots 2Total species 43Average number of species 27 ±14Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (6ha) and Yuraygir National Park (11ha).TenureArea (ha)Freehold 99National Park 29Nature Reserve 5NSW State Forest 30TOTAL 163Relationship to other communitiesRelated to communities CH_FW02 (Coastal Swamp Mahogany Forest) and transitions into CH_DOF02 (SandstoneBloodwood – Needlebark Stringybark Heathy Forest) as the drainage improves and the Horned sedge (Ptilothrixdeusta) is more or less replaced by grass and herb floristic species including Mat- Rushes (Lomandra multiflorasubsp. multiflora, Lomandra confertifolia subsp. pallida).EquivalentsBiometric: (NR220) Pink Bloodwood open forest of the coastal lowlands of the North CoastOther: UR0v20 - Eucalyptus gummifera/E. signata (Tweedie et al. 1995)Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 205


CH_DOF04LocationsMoonee Beach Nature Reserve; Dundoo Creek; Red Range; Dirty Creek; Newfoundland State Forest and StationCreek, Yuraygir National Park.Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia terminalis 1 50% 2 2% uninformativeAngophora woodsiana 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeBanksia oblongifolia 4 100% 3 9% positiveBanksia spinulosa var. collina 1 50% 2 5% uninformativeBlandfordia grandiflora 1 100% 1 0% uninformativeComesperma defoliatum 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeCorymbia gummifera 4 100% 2 8% positiveCymbidium suave 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeDampiera stricta 2 50% 2 7% positiveDrosera burmanni 2 50% 0 0% positiveEntolasia stricta 1 50% 2 25% uninformativeEpacris obtusifolia 3 50% 2 2% positiveEpacris pulchella 2 100% 2 3% positiveEucalyptus planchoniana 5 50% 4 4% positiveEucalyptus resinifera subsp.4 100% 2 10% positivehemilampraGompholobium pinnatum 2 100% 1 4% positiveGonocarpus tetragynus 1 50% 1 4% uninformativeHakea actites 2 50% 4 1% positiveHakea salicifolia 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeLeptocarpus tenax 4 50% 2 2% positiveLeptospermum juniperinum 2 50% 1 2% positiveLeptospermum polygalifolium 3 100% 1 12% positiveLepyrodia scariosa 1 50% 4 0% uninformativeLepyrodia sp. A 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeLindsaea linearis 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeLophostemon suaveolens 1 50% 2 9% uninformativeMelaleuca sieberi 4 100% 3 4% positivePatersonia sericea 1 50% 2 4% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 2 100% 1 18% positivePersoonia tenuifolia 1 50% 1 1% uninformativePimelea linifolia 1 100% 1 9% uninformativePseudanthus orientalis 2 50% 0 0% positivePtilothrix deusta 4 50% 3 2% positivePultenaea myrtoides 3 100% 2 0% positivePultenaea villosa 1 50% 2 6% uninformativeSchizaea bifida 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeSelaginella uliginosa 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeTricoryne elatior 1 50% 1 2% uninformativeVelleia spathulata 1 50% 0 0% positiveVernonia cinerea 1 50% 1 10% uninformativeXanthorrhoea australis 2 50% 0 0% positiveXanthorrhoea fulva 1 50% 3 6% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 207

CH_DOF05FOOTHILLS GREY GUM-IRONBARK - MAHOGANY DRY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Small-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua)- Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia) - Thick-leaved Mahogany(Eucalyptus carnea) - Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) grassy dry openforest of ridges and exposed slopes on metasedimentsSTATEWIDE CLASS Dry Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast DrySclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_DOF05PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Thick-leaved Mahogany – Small-fruitedGrey Gum – Grey Ironbark grassy open forest on exposed slopes of thehinterland hills, South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSW NorthCoast Bioregion (NSW1000-1072)DescriptionA dry open forest located below 500 metres in altitude, commonly occurring in rolling low hills in exposedaspects,ridges and upper slopes on shallow soils of metasedimentary and sedimentary geology of the OraraEscarpment, Coast Range and Gleniffer - Bonville Hills. Widespread on coastal foothills and escarpment ranges.In the canopy, Small-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua), Thick-leaved Mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea),Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) and Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia) are the most frequent coverabundant species. At different locations there may be a dominance of Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia),Small-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua) or Thick-leaved Mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea). Smooth-barkedApple (Angophora costata) and Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) occur in about half the sites and Red Mahogany(E. resinifera subsp. hemilampra) occurs slightly less often. Spotted Gum (Corymbia variegata) occurs in a smallnumber of sites usually at low frequency. Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa) is very frequent in the mid andsometimes upper layer. Other shrubs and small trees include Tree Heath (Trochocarpa laurina), Maiden’s Wattle(Acacia maidenii), Lance Beard-heath (Leucopogon lanceolatus) and Geebung (Persoonia stradbrokensis). Theground layer is comprised of Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Blady Grass (Imperata cylindrica), BlueFlax-lily (Dianella caerulea), Bracken Fern (Pteridium esculentum), Wiry Panic (Entolasia stricta), Kangaroo Grass(Themeda australis), Basket Grass (Oplismenus aemulus) and White Root (Pratia purpurascens). Vines and twinersinclude Wombat Berry (Eustrephus latifolius) and Guinea Flower (Hibbertia scandens).Page 208Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF05Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 17-40 30-70 Eucalyptus propinqua, Eucalyptus carnea, Eucalyptus microcorys,Eucalyptus siderophloia.Middle 0.5-15 5-25 Allocasuarina torulosa, Trochocarpa laurina, Leucopogon lanceolatus,Persoonia stradbrokensis, Cissus hypoglauca, Breynia oblongifolia,Acacia maidenii.Lower 0-1.2 20-55 Imperata cylindrica, Entolasia stricta, Themeda australis, Oplismenusaemulus, Pseuderanthemum variabile, Pratia purpurascens, Dianellacaerulea.* Data collated from 16 of 19 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsAreas of the foothills and escarpment mapped as this community include Grey Gum (Eucalyptus biturbinata)replacing Small-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptus propinqua) where mapped as this community for example aroundBuchanan’s Lane and on the escarpment below Bruxner Park. In some sites Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) canbe locally abundant and in other locations this species may be absent.ExoticsAgeratina adenophora, Cinnamomum camphora, Conyza albida, Erechtites valerianifolia,Lantana camara, Ligustrum sinense, Paspalum mandiocanum, Passiflora edulis, Senna pendula var. glabrataSpecies richnessNumber of plots 19Total species 213Average number of species 43 ±11Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (69ha), Madman’s Creek Flora Reserve (3ha), Bruxner ParkFlora Reserve (2ha) and Yuraygir National Park (75ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 10Freehold 958National Park 141NSW State Forest 883NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 5TOTAL 1 998Relationship to other communitiesCH_WSF17 (Foothills Turpentine - Grey Gum- Ironbark Moist Shrubby Forest) is the wet forest equivalentcommunity where Turpentine (Syncarpia glomulifera) and White Mahogany (Eucalyptus acmenoides) occur withSmall-fruited Grey Gum (E. propinqua). CH_DSF05 becomes CH_DOF10 (Foothills Spotted Gum – Mahogany-Grey Gum - Ironbark Dry Forest) as the frequency of Spotted Gum (Corymbia variegata) increases, commonly inthe northern part of the study area. This change is sometimes difficult to detect from remote sensing and fieldverification is recommended to validate mapping.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 209


CH_DOF05EquivalentsBiometric:Coast(NR263) Tallowwood - Small-fruited Grey Gum dry grassy open forest of the foothills of NorthOther: N67b (Fisher et al. 1996); Forest Ecosystem 36 (NPWS 1999)LocationsKnown at Bagawa Creek, Nana Glen State Forest, Wedding Bells State Forest, Woolgoolga township and surrounds.Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia binervata 1 11% 2 5% uninformativeAcacia concurrens 1 5% 2 0% uninformativeAcacia falcata 2 5% 2 1% uninformativeAcacia fimbriata 1 32% 1 4% uninformativeAcacia floribunda 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 1 37% 1 7% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 32% 1 13% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 2 5% 2 19% uninformativeAcalypha nemorum 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeAcmena smithii 2 11% 1 27% uninformativeAcronychia oblongifolia 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeAdiantum aethiopicum 1 11% 1 2% uninformativeAdiantum formosum 2 11% 1 2% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 1 5% 2 9% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 2 21% 3 9% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 1 74% 2 34% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 1 16% 1 14% uninformativeAmyema miquelii 1 5% 0 0% positiveAngophora costata 1 47% 2 12% uninformativeAngophora floribunda 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeAngophora subvelutina 4 11% 1 0% uninformativeAngophora woodsiana 3 5% 1 1% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 5% 2 24% uninformativeAristida vagans 2 11% 2 2% uninformativeArthropodium minus 1 11% 0 0% positiveAsplenium australasicum 1 5% 1 9% uninformativeAsterolasia correifolia 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeAstrotricha latifolia 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp.2 5% 1 8% uninformativeintegrifoliaBillardiera scandens 1 26% 1 10% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 1 11% 2 39% uninformativeBotrychium australe 1 16% 0 0% positiveBreynia oblongifolia 1 68% 1 28% uninformativeBrunoniella australis 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeBursaria spinosa 1 5% 0 0% positiveCaladenia carnea 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 211

CH_DOF05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classCallistemon salignus 2 16% 3 12% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 2 21% 2 27% uninformativeCassytha glabella f. glabella 1 11% 1 4% uninformativeCassytha pubescens 1 5% 2 2% uninformativeCelastrus subspicata 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeCentella asiatica 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeCentratherum punctatum subsp.1 5% 1 0% uninformativeaustralianumCheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi 1 26% 1 2% uninformativeChiloglottis diphylla 2 16% 0 0% positiveChorizema parviflorum 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeCinnamomum oliveri 1 5% 1 6% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 21% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 37% 1 38% uninformativeClematis aristata 1 32% 1 10% uninformativeClematis glycinoides 1 21% 1 5% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 11% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumClerodendrum tomentosum 1 5% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 16% 1 39% uninformativeCorymbia gummifera 1 21% 2 8% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 3 37% 2 20% uninformativeCorymbia variegata 3 11% 3 6% uninformativeCroton verreauxii 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya microneura 1 11% 1 21% uninformativeCryptocarya rigida 1 11% 2 28% uninformativeCryptostylis erecta 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeCymbopogon refractus 2 32% 2 5% uninformativeDaviesia ulicifolia 1 5% 2 0% uninformativeDenhamia celastroides 1 5% 1 9% uninformativeDesmodium brachypodum 1 26% 1 5% uninformativeDesmodium gunnii 1 42% 1 3% uninformativeDesmodium rhytidophyllum 2 47% 1 5% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 89% 1 49% uninformativeDichondra repens 2 32% 1 4% uninformativeDigitaria parviflora 1 47% 1 2% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 11% 1 29% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 1 32% 2 8% uninformativeDoodia aspera 1 11% 2 16% uninformativeDoodia linearis 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 1 16% 1 4% uninformativeEchinopogon caespitosus 1 16% 2 2% uninformativeEchinostephia aculeata 1 11% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 32% 1 27% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 2 5% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 2 84% 2 22% positiveEpacris microphylla 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeEucalyptus acmenoides 3 21% 2 8% uninformativeEucalyptus carnea 3 68% 2 8% positivePage 212Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classEucalyptus eugenioides 2 5% 1 1% uninformativeEucalyptus fibrosa 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 1 5% 3 18% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 4 53% 3 34% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 1 16% 3 27% uninformativeEucalyptus propinqua 3 68% 3 11% positiveEucalyptus resinifera subsp.3 37% 2 9% uninformativehemilampraEucalyptus saligna 1 5% 3 10% uninformativeEucalyptus siderophloia 3 53% 3 9% positiveEuroschinus falcatus 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 68% 1 28% uninformativeExocarpos cupressiformis 1 11% 2 0% uninformativeFlagellaria indica 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 26% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 1 5% 2 14% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 32% 1 23% uninformativeGeranium solanderi 2 11% 1 1% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var.1 16% 1 13% uninformativeferdinandiGlycine clandestina 1 21% 1 12% uninformativeGlycine microphylla 1 32% 1 2% uninformativeGlycine tabacina 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeGompholobium latifolium 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeGonocarpus tetragynus 1 11% 1 4% uninformativeGonocarpus teucrioides 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeGoodenia fordiana 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeGoodenia hederacea subsp.1 16% 1 3% uninformativehederaceaGoodenia rotundifolia 1 26% 1 4% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 32% 1 28% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 16% 1 19% uninformativeHardenbergia violacea 1 32% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 1 16% 1 10% uninformativeHibbertia obtusifolia 2 5% 1 1% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 63% 1 30% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 1 16% 1 12% uninformativeHybanthus enneaspermus 1 16% 1 2% uninformativeHybanthus stellarioides 2 16% 1 4% uninformativeHydrocotyle laxiflora 2 11% 1 0% uninformativeHypericum gramineum 1 11% 1 0% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 2 95% 2 29% positiveJacksonia scoparia 1 26% 1 2% uninformativeKennedia rubicunda 1 16% 1 7% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 1 47% 1 16% uninformativeLeucopogon juniperinus 1 26% 1 2% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 74% 1 17% uninformativeLivistona australis 2 5% 1 4% uninformativeLomandra confertifolia subsp.pallida1 21% 1 3% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 213

CH_DOF05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classLomandra filiformis 1 21% 1 12% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 3 95% 2 50% positiveLomandra multiflora subsp.1 26% 1 4% uninformativemultifloraLomatia silaifolia 1 16% 1 9% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 1 16% 2 32% uninformativeLophostemon suaveolens 1 37% 2 8% uninformativeMacrozamia fawcettii 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeMarsdenia lloydii 1 5% 2 2% uninformativeMaytenus bilocularis 1 21% 1 4% uninformativeMaytenus silvestris 1 16% 1 2% uninformativeMelaleuca alternifolia 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 1 16% 2 3% uninformativeMonotoca scoparia 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 26% 1 37% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 21% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 16% 1 27% uninformativeNotelaea ovata 1 11% 2 3% uninformativeOpercularia hispida 1 5% 0 0% positiveOplismenus aemulus 2 58% 2 10% positiveOplismenus imbecillis 2 16% 2 22% uninformativeOttochloa gracillima 2 21% 2 9% uninformativeOxalis exilis 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeOxalis perennans 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeOxalis radicosa 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 1 37% 1 8% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.1 21% 1 11% uninformativepandoranaPanicum simile 1 11% 1 4% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 21% 1 28% uninformativePassiflora herbertiana subsp.1 5% 1 1% uninformativeherbertianaPatersonia glabrata 2 5% 2 6% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 68% 1 16% uninformativePhyllanthus hirtellus 1 11% 1 2% uninformativePhyllanthus similis 1 21% 1 2% uninformativePimelea latifolia 2 5% 1 1% uninformativePimelea linifolia 1 5% 1 10% uninformativePittosporum multiflorum 2 11% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 16% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 11% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 11% 1 16% uninformativePlectranthus parviflorus 2 11% 1 2% uninformativePoa labillardierei var. labillardierei 1 5% 1 1% uninformativePoa sieberiana 2 21% 2 4% uninformativePolymeria calycina 1 5% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 32% 1 16% uninformativePomaderris eriocephala 1 5% 0 0% positivePomax umbellata 1 32% 1 5% uninformativePage 214Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPoranthera microphylla 1 5% 1 2% uninformativePratia purpurascens 2 79% 1 21% positivePseuderanthemum variabile 2 47% 2 26% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 11% 1 14% uninformativePteridium esculentum 1 47% 2 31% uninformativePultenaea euchila 1 5% 2 0% uninformativePultenaea retusa 1 11% 2 6% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 2 5% 1 5% uninformativeRanunculus lappaceus 1 5% 0 0% positiveRhodomyrtus psidioides 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeRubus moluccanus var. moluccanus 1 5% 1 2% uninformativeRubus parvifolius 2 5% 1 4% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 1 5% 2 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 11% 1 9% uninformativeSchizomeria ovata 1 11% 1 12% uninformativeSigesbeckia orientalis subsp.1 11% 1 2% uninformativeorientalisSmilax australis 1 58% 1 44% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 21% 1 29% uninformativeSolanum hapalum 1 11% 1 6% uninformativeStackhousia viminea 1 5% 0 0% positiveStephania japonica var. discolor 1 26% 1 21% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 3 47% 2 38% uninformativeSynoum glandulosum subsp.2 11% 2 36% uninformativeglandulosumTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 16% 1 28% uninformativeTetrastigma nitens 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeThemeda australis 2 68% 3 22% positiveTrema tomentosa var. aspera 1 16% 1 3% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 5% 1 10% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 1 68% 1 36% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 1 63% 1 8% uninformativeVeronica plebeia 2 5% 1 1% uninformativeViola banksii 2 11% 1 16% uninformativeViola betonicifolia 2 16% 2 1% uninformativeViola hederacea 1 11% 2 2% uninformativeWikstroemia indica 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeWilkiea austroqueenslandica 1 5% 3 0% uninformativeXanthorrhoea macronema 2 5% 1 6% uninformativeZieria smithii 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 215

CH_DOF06LOWLANDS SWAMP BOX - PAPERBARK - RED GUM DRY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Swamp Box (Lophostemon suaveolens) – BroadleavedPaperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) – Forest Red Gum(Eucalyptus tereticornis) – Red Mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera subsp.hemilampra) transitional dry open forest of coastal lowlands and valleysSTATEWIDE CLASS Dry Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast DrySclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_DOF06PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Forest Red Gum – Swamp Box – Prickly-leavedTea-tree shrubby open forest on floodplains of the lower Richmond Rivervalley, South Eastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW700-66)Forest Red Gum – Swamp Box shrubby open forest on floodplain edgesin the lower Richmond River valley, South Eastern Queensland Bioregion(NSW700-488)DescriptionA dry open forest which has a varied dominance in the canopy usually of Swamp Box (Lophostemon suaveolens),Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Pink Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia), Red Mahogany(Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra), Willow Bottlebrush (Callistemon salignus) and Forest Red Gum(Eucalyptus tereticornis). Other canopy species may include Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), CoastalBlackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) and Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus signata). Black She-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis) andCheese Tree (Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi) are sometimes present as a small tree layer. Large-leaf Hop Bush(Dodonaea triquetra), Geebung (Persoonia stradbrokensis), Notched Bush-pea (Pultenaea retusa) and Coffee Bush(Breynia oblongifolia) dominate the lower layer. The ground layer is distinctive and consists of Kangaroo Grass(Themeda australis), Wiry Panic (Entolasia stricta), Mat- Rushes (Lomandra longifolia, Lomandra confertifolia), GuineaFlower (Hibbertia aspera), Blue Flax-lily (Dianella caerulea), White Root (Pratia purpurascens) and Bracken Fern(Pteridium esculentum).This community occurs mostly across coastal and hinterland lowlands on alluvial and colluvial flats and drainagedepressions on clay and sand loam soils subject to infrequent inundation, which are transitional between drysclerophyll forest and swamp sclerophyll Forest. In many areas this community has been cleared and is nowonly represented by remnant trees of Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis). For example at Corindi River andColdwater Creek.Page 216Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF06Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesTallest 3-40 35-80 Corymbia intermedia, Lophostemon suaveolens, Melaleuca quinquenervia,Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra, CallistemonsalignusMiddle 1 5-15 30-50 Allocasuarina littoralis, Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi.Middle 2 0.5-1.5 30-50 Dodonaea triquetra, Persoonia stradbrokensis, Pultenaea retusa, Breyniaoblongifolia, Geitonoplesium cymosumLower 0.1- 1.1 30-70 Themeda australis, Entolasia stricta, Lomandra longifolia, Lomandraconfertifolia, Hibbertia aspera, Dianella caerulea, Pratia purpurascens,Pteridium esculentum, Imperata cylindrica, Billardiera scandens.* Data collated from 5 of 6 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsOne site dominated by Bancroft’s Red Gum (Eucalyptus bancroftii) in the Station Creek area of Yuraygir NationalPark was mapped within this community. In the Moonee area there are stands which were mapped as a dualcode with CH_DOF01 (Coast and Escarpment Blackbutt Dry Forest). These areas contained Blackbutt (Eucalyptuspilularis), and Ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia) in association with Pink Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia),Swamp Box (Lophostemon suaveolens) and Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis).ExoticsAgeratum houstonianum, Andropogon virginicus, Asparagus aethiopicus, Baccharis halimifolia,Gomphocarpus fruticosus, Lantana camara, Senna pendulaSpecies richnessNumber of plots 6Total species 80Average number of species 28 ±8.2Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Coffs Coast Regional Park (8ha), Garby Nature Reserve (6ha), Moonee Beach NatureReserve (4ha) and Yuraygir National Park (609ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 93Freehold 895National Park 612Nature Reserve 10NSW State Forest 395Regional Park 8TOTAL 2 013Endangered Ecological Community:Subtropical Coastal Floodplain Forest of the NSW North Coast bioregion EECRelationship to other communitiesThis community often occurs adjacent to CH_DOF01 (Coast and Escarpment Blackbutt Dry Forest) and CH_FrW01(Coastal Paperbark Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest). The presence of Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis) is a majordiagnostic feature of this community. The increasing proportion of Broadleaf Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)indicates transition into CH_FrW01.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 217

CH_DOF06EquivalentsBiometric: (NR161) Forest Red Gum - Swamp Box of the Clarence Valley lowlands of the North CoastOther: (N1b) Coastal Forest Red Gum (Fisher et al. 1996); (FE 73) Lowland Red Gum (NPWS 1999)Page 218Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF06LocationsOrara River floodplains; Coldwater Creek; Boambee Creek; Station Creek Yuraygir National Park; Wedding BellsState Forest; Arrawarra; Mullaway; Lake Road, Woolgoolga; Hearn’s Lake, Sandy Beach, Upper Moonee Creek;Heritage Park; Yellow Water Holes, Orara East State Forest.Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia falcata 2 17% 2 1% uninformativeAcacia fimbriata 1 17% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 1 17% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia longifolia 1 17% 1 6% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 1 83% 3 8% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 2 17% 2 36% uninformativeAngophora costata 1 17% 2 14% uninformativeBaumea rubiginosa 4 17% 3 1% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 2 67% 1 10% positiveBreynia oblongifolia 1 33% 1 29% uninformativeBrunoniella australis 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 2 50% 3 12% positiveCassytha glabella f. glabella 2 17% 1 5% uninformativeCentella asiatica 2 17% 1 3% uninformativeChorizandra cymbaria 3 33% 1 0% uninformativeChorizema parviflorum 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeCorymbia gummifera 2 17% 2 8% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 3 50% 2 20% positiveCupaniopsis anacardioides 1 17% 1 11% uninformativeCyperus polystachyos 2 17% 2 1% uninformativeDampiera lanceolata var. lanceolata 1 17% 1 0% uninformativeDampiera stricta 2 17% 2 7% uninformativeDaviesia umbellulata 1 17% 2 2% uninformativeDesmodium rhytidophyllum 1 17% 1 7% uninformativeDianella caerulea 2 33% 1 51% uninformativeDichondra repens 1 17% 1 5% uninformativeDigitaria divaricatissima 3 17% 2 0% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 3 50% 1 9% positiveEchinopogon caespitosus 2 17% 1 2% uninformativeEchinostephia aculeata 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 33% 1 27% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 3 83% 2 24% positiveEucalyptus carnea 3 17% 2 10% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 1 17% 3 35% uninformativeEucalyptus pilularis 5 33% 3 27% uninformativeEucalyptus resinifera subsp.1 50% 3 10% uninformativehemilampraEucalyptus robusta 1 33% 2 7% uninformativeEucalyptus siderophloia 1 17% 3 11% uninformativeEucalyptus signata 3 17% 3 2% uninformativeEucalyptus tereticornis 3 33% 1 0% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 33% 1 29% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 219

CH_DOF06Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classGahnia sieberiana 2 17% 2 6% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 50% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var.2 33% 1 13% uninformativeferdinandiGlycine clandestina 2 17% 1 12% uninformativeGonocarpus tetragynus 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeGoodenia bellidifolia 2 17% 2 0% uninformativeHakea laevipes subsp. laevipes 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 2 83% 1 9% positiveHibbertia scandens 1 17% 1 32% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 1 50% 1 11% uninformativeHydrocotyle peduncularis 1 17% 1 6% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 3 67% 2 31% positiveIsachne globosa 2 17% 0 0% positiveKennedia rubicunda 1 17% 1 8% uninformativeLagenophora gracilis 1 17% 1 1% uninformativeLepidosperma filiforme 3 17% 0 0% positiveLepidosperma laterale 3 33% 1 17% uninformativeLeptospermum juniperinum 1 17% 2 2% uninformativeLeptospermum liversidgei 1 17% 3 3% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 17% 1 12% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 50% 1 19% uninformativeLindsaea microphylla 1 17% 1 2% uninformativeLobelia anceps 2 33% 1 5% uninformativeLomandra confertifolia subsp.2 17% 1 3% uninformativepallidaLomandra longifolia 2 83% 2 51% constantLophostemon suaveolens 4 100% 2 8% positiveMelaleuca alternifolia 2 17% 2 1% uninformativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 4 83% 2 11% positiveMelaleuca sieberi 1 17% 3 4% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 2 33% 1 27% uninformativeNotelaea venosa 1 17% 1 1% uninformativePanicum obseptum 2 17% 2 0% uninformativePanicum pygmaeum 1 17% 2 1% uninformativePanicum simile 1 17% 1 4% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 17% 1 28% uninformativePatersonia glabrata 2 33% 2 5% uninformativePersoonia levis 2 17% 1 2% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 50% 1 18% uninformativePhyllota phylicoides 4 17% 3 1% uninformativePimelea linifolia 1 17% 1 10% uninformativePolymeria calycina 1 17% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 33% 1 16% uninformativePoranthera microphylla 1 17% 1 2% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 33% 1 23% uninformativePteridium esculentum 2 67% 2 31% positivePtilothrix deusta 2 17% 4 2% uninformativePage 220Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF06Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-groupscore(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPultenaea retusa 3 67% 1 5% positiveSacciolepis indica 2 17% 1 0% uninformativeSchoenus apogon 2 17% 1 1% uninformativeThemeda australis 3 83% 3 23% positiveTrachymene incisa subsp. incisa 1 17% 2 2% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 1 17% 1 11% uninformativeViola banksii 1 17% 1 16% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 221

CH_DOF07ESCARPMENT NEW ENGLAND BLACKBUTT DRY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME New England Blackbutt (Eucalyptus campanulata)- Coastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) – Thick-leaved Mahogany(Eucalyptus carnea) dry tall forest of the Orara EscarpmentSTATEWIDE CLASS Dry Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast DrySclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)PLANT COMMUNITY TYPENo equivalentCH_D0F07DescriptionA tall dry open forest located on the Orara Escarpment rim. The community is characterised by an association ofNew England Blackbutt (Eucalyptus campanulata) with Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) and Thick-leaved Mahogany(Eucalyptus carnea). A sparse mid stratum of Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa) is often present and a variety ofshrubs including Jackwood (Cryptocarya glaucescens), Two-veined Hickory (Acacia binervata), Blackwood (Acaciamelanoxylon), Geebung (Persoonia media) and Olive-leaf Mint Bush (Prostanthera ovalifolia) are sparsely present. Adense cover of grasses, shrubs and ferns occupy the ground layer, the most common species being Spiny-headedMat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Soft Bracken (Calochlaena dubia), Snow grass (Poa sieberiana) and Gonocarpusoreophilus. No full floristic sites were collected in this map unit so description is indicative.This community occurs sporadically on dry exposed crests and ridgelines along the edge of the Orara Escarpmentrim.Page 222Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF07Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesTallest 15-25 30-60 Eucalyptus pilularis, Eucalyptus campanulata, Angophora costata,Eucalyptus carnea.Middle 5-15 5-10 Allocasuarina torulosa, Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia binervata.Lower layer 1 1-3 10-25 Trochocarpa laurina, Myrsine variabilis, Elaeocarpus reticulatus,Persoonia media, Cryptocarya glaucescens, Prostanthera ovalifoliaLower layer 2 0- 1.0 30-70 Calochlaena dubia, Lomandra longifolia, Gonocarpus oreophilus, Poasieberiana.* Data collated from 2 of 2 rapid data pointsStructural and floristic variationsThis highly restricted map unit has been sampled at only 2 locations in the study area and information about itsstructure is limited. From the survey data available, there appears to be a floristic variation in the understoreyfrom dry sclerophyll (dominated by Two-veined Hickory (Acacia binervata), Snow grass (Poa sieberiana) andSpiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia) to a moist sclerophyll with Jackwood (Cryptocarya glaucescens), SoftBracken (Calochlaena dubia) and Gonocarpus oreophilus. Further field sampling is required to clarify the floristicdescription for this map unit.Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri National Park (27ha), Bindarri State Conservation Area (3ha) and DorrigoNational Park (4ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 1Freehold 1National Park 24NSW State Forest 9State Conservation Area 3TOTAL 37Relationship to other communitiesMore exposed and drier variant of CH_WSF18 (Escarpment New England Blackbutt Wet Ferny Forest). Oftenintergrades with CH_DOF01 (Coast and Escarpment Blackbutt Dry Forest) and CH_WSF09 (Northern EscarpmentBlackbutt - Apple Wet Ferny Forest). The presence of New England Blackbutt (Eucalyptus campanulata) is a keyindicator of this community and is usually co-dominant with Coastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis).LocationsKnown localities include Bushman’s Range Road, east of Lowanna and Langley’s Trail, Bindarri National Park.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 223


CH_DOF08COASTAL SAND BLOODWOOD - BANKSIA FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Pink Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) – Coast Banksia(Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia) shrubby dry open forest on HolocenedunesSTATEWIDE CLASS Dry Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast Dune SclerophyllForest (Keith 2006)CH_D0F08PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Pink Bloodwood – Brush Box openforest on coastal dunes and sand plains, South Eastern QueenslandBioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-467)DescriptionA dry open forest dominated by Pink Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) with a mid-layer of Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsisanacardioides), and Coast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia). There is an open to dense shrub layerof Large-leaf Hop-bush (Dodonaea triquetra), Bracken Fern (Pteridium esculentum) and Xanthorrhoea glaucasubsp. glauca. The ground layer is sparse to open with Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Blady Grass(Imperata cylindrica), Pomax umbellata, White Root (Pratia purpurascens) and Basket Grass (Oplismenus aemulus).Dense tangles of Wait-a-while (Smilax australis) are common.Located on Holocene dunes, ridges and strand plains in sheltered areas often between the Coast Banksiashrubland community and littoral rainforest. This community is mainly restricted to Bongil Bongil National Parkwith an outlying occurrence at Hearns Lake in Coffs Coast Regional Park.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 225

CH_DOF08Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesTallest 6-20 25-40 Corymbia intermedia.Middle layer 3-8 10-20 Cupaniopsis anacardioides, Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia,Callistemon salignus, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Guioa semiglauca,Smilax australis.Lower layer 1 0.2-4 25-60 Dodonaea triquetra, Lomandra longifolia, Pteridium esculentum,Myrsine variabilis, Stephania japonica var. discolor.Lower layer 2 0-1 10-45 Imperata cylindrica, Commelina cyanea, Pratia purpurascens.* Data collated from 4 flora plots.ExoticsseptemtrionalisChrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata, Gloriosa superba, Lantana camara, SennaSpecies richnessNumber of plots 5Total species 76Average number of species 37 ±8Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (123ha) and Coffs Coast Regional Park (5ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown LandFreehold 27National Park 122Regional Park 5TOTAL 154Relationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_DOF09 (Coast Sand Blackbutt - Bloodwood - Apple Forest) and CH_H01 (Coast Banksia Shrublandon Holocene Dunes). Distinguished from CH_DOF09 by dominance or co-dominance of B. integrifolia in thecanopy.EquivalentsBiometric: NR220 - Pink Bloodwood open forest of the coastal lowlands of the North CoastOther:N44a Dry Blackbutt (Fisher et al. 1996); Community 23-Pink Bloodwood on Holocene Dunes(Cameron et al. 2011)LocationsEastern Peninsula Trail, Bongil Bongil National Park; Moonee Beach Nature Reserve; Bundagen, Bongil BongilNational Park; Coffs Coast Regional Park.Page 226Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF08Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 227

CH_DOF08Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia elongata 1 20% 2 0% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 20% 1 14% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 2 40% 2 18% uninformativeAcacia ulicifolia 1 20% 1 2% uninformativeAcianthus fornicatus 2 40% 1 0% uninformativeAcmena smithii 2 40% 1 26% uninformativeAcronychia imperforata 1 20% 1 4% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 3 20% 3 9% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 1 20% 1 14% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 1 20% 1 18% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 20% 1 32% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp.2 80% 1 7% positiveintegrifoliaBillardiera scandens 1 40% 1 10% uninformativeBreynia oblongifolia 1 100% 1 28% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 2 20% 3 13% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 60% 1 7% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 20% 1 19% uninformativeCissus sterculiifolia 1 40% 1 6% uninformativeClerodendrum tomentosum 1 20% 1 5% uninformativeCommelina cyanea 2 40% 1 4% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 60% 1 38% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 4 100% 2 20% positiveCupaniopsis anacardioides 2 100% 1 10% positiveCyclophyllum longipetalum 1 40% 1 5% uninformativeCymbidium madidum 1 60% 1 4% uninformativeCymbopogon refractus 1 20% 2 6% uninformativeCyperus gracilis 2 20% 1 1% uninformativeDavallia solida var. pyxidata 1 20% 1 4% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 60% 1 50% uninformativeDiospyros pentamera 1 20% 2 6% uninformativeDipodium variegatum 1 20% 1 2% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 3 40% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 1 60% 1 8% uninformativeEragrostis leptostachya 1 20% 1 0% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 1 40% 3 17% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 2 40% 3 34% uninformativeEucalyptus pilularis 3 20% 3 27% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 2 80% 1 29% positiveFicinia nodosa 1 20% 2 3% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 20% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 20% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 60% 1 12% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 2 80% 1 27% positiveHibbertia scandens 1 100% 1 31% uninformativeHybanthus stellarioides 1 20% 1 4% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 3 100% 2 31% positivePage 228Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF08Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classKennedia rubicunda 1 40% 1 7% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 60% 1 19% uninformativeLeucopogon margarodes 1 60% 1 2% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 3 100% 2 51% constantLophostemon confertus 1 20% 2 31% uninformativeMaclura cochinchinensis 1 40% 1 6% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 1 40% 1 8% uninformativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 2 20% 2 12% uninformativeMischocarpus pyriformis 1 40% 2 4% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 80% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 40% 1 27% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 20% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 1 60% 2 21% uninformativeOttochloa gracillima 3 20% 2 10% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 60% 1 27% uninformativePaspalidium distans 1 20% 2 1% uninformativePersoonia levis 1 20% 2 2% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 20% 1 18% uninformativePisonia umbellifera 1 20% 0 0% positivePittosporum revolutum 1 20% 1 13% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 20% 1 16% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 1 40% 1 5% uninformativePolyscias elegans 1 20% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 20% 1 16% uninformativePomax umbellata 1 80% 1 5% uninformativePratia purpurascens 2 80% 1 22% positivePteridium esculentum 2 100% 1 31% positivePultenaea villosa 2 20% 2 6% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 20% 1 5% uninformativeRhodomyrtus psidioides 3 20% 1 4% uninformativeRipogonum brevifolium 1 20% 1 1% uninformativeRubus parvifolius 1 40% 1 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 40% 1 9% uninformativeSmilax australis 3 100% 1 44% positiveSmilax glyciphylla 1 20% 1 29% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 80% 1 21% uninformativeSynoum glandulosum subsp.1 60% 2 34% uninformativeglandulosumSyzygium australe 2 20% 1 6% uninformativeSyzygium luehmannii 1 20% 1 5% uninformativeThemeda australis 1 20% 3 24% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 20% 1 10% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 1 20% 1 37% uninformativeViola banksii 2 40% 1 16% uninformativeWilkiea huegeliana 1 20% 1 28% uninformativeXanthorrhoea glauca 1 20% 0 0% positiveXanthorrhoea macronema 3 20% 1 6% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 229

CH_DOF09COAST SAND BLACKBUTT - BLOODWOOD - APPLE FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Pink Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) – Blackbutt(Eucalyptus pilularis) – Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata) tall dryopen forest on sandSTATEWIDE CLASS Dry Sclerophyll Forests – Coastal Dune DrySclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_D0F09PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Blackbutt – Sydney Red Gum/BastardTallowwood open forest on coastal dunes and sandplains of the SouthEastern Queensland Bioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW70-49)DescriptionA tall dry to occasionally wet open forest that grows on coastal dune sands. The dominant trees are Blackbutt(Eucalyptus pilularis), Smooth-barked Apple (Angophora costata), Red Mahogany (Eucalyptus resiniferasubsp. hemilampra) and Pink Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia). Other canopy trees may include Turpentine(Syncarpia glomulifera), Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus), Tindale’s Stringybark (Eucalyptus tindaliae) and GreyIronbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia). Old Man Banksia (Banksia serrata), Corkwood (Endiandra sieberi), Brush Box(Lophostemon confertus), and Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa) may occur as a second tree layer. A sparse tomoderately dense mid-stratum is usually present and composed mainly of Large-leaf Hop-bush (Dodonaeatriquetra) and Coffee Bush (Breynia oblongifolia). The ground layer is composed of Blady Grass (Imperata cylindrica),Wiry Panic (Entolasia stricta), Wattle Mat-rush (Lomandra filiformis), Variable Sword-sedge (Lepidosperma laterale),Barbwire Grass (Cymbopogon refractus), Two-colour Panic (Panicum simile) and Three-awned Spear Grass (Aristidavagans).Occurs in areas of well-drained sandy unconsolidated sediments over a range of landforms including largePleistocene dunes, dry sites on backbarrier flats, and often associated with coastal creeks deposits. It occurs inrelatively sheltered sites set back from the ocean and is distributed north from Bongil Bongil National Park toStation Creek in Yuraygir National Park.Page 230Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF09Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesTallest 16-40 30-60 Eucalyptus pilularis, Angophora costata, Eucalyptus resiniferasubsp. hemilampra, Corymbia intermedia, Syncarpia glomulifera.Middle 1-3 30-45 Dodonaea triquetra, Breynia oblongifolia, Pteridium esculentum,Pultenaea villosa, Acacia falcata, Persoonia stradbrokensis.Lower layer 1 0-1.2 10-50 Imperata cylindrica, Hovea longifolia, Pteridium esculentum,Leucopogon lanceolatus, Lomandra longifolia.Lower layer 2 0- 0.5 10-70 Entolasia stricta, Lomandra filiformis, Lepidosperma laterale,Aristida vagans.* Data collated from 2 of 2 full floristic sites. The description is developed from additional API sites which more fullydocuments the variation in this community.Structural and floristic variationsVaries from heathy to grassy dry sclerophyll forest to some examples of taller wet sclerophyll forest on sand.Species richnessNumber of plots 6Total species 112Average number of species 37 ±6Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (83ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (1ha), Moonee BeachNature Reserve (19ha) and Yuraygir National Park (141ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 29Freehold 48National Park 238Nature Reserve 19Regional Park 1TOTAL 334Relationship to other communitiesClosely related to CH_DOF01 (Coast and Escarpment Blackbutt Dry Forest) and CH_WSF12 (Brushbox-CorkwoodOpen Forest on sand). The key diagnostic feature for CH_DOF09 is the sandy substrate. This community isfound adjacent to CH_FrW01 (Coastal Paperbark Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest), CH_SW02 (Estuarine Twig RushSaltmarsh), CH_SW06 (Estuarine Sea Rush Saltmarsh), CH_SW07 (Estuarine Samphire - Saltwater Couch Saltmarsh)and CH_DOF06 (Lowlands Swamp Paperbark Red Gum Dry Forest).EquivalentsBiometric:North Coast(NR114) Blackbutt - bloodwood dry heathy open forest on Quaternary sands of the northernOther:N44a Dry Blackbutt (Fisher et al. 1996); Community 23-Pink Bloodwood on Holocene Dunes(Cameron et al. 2011); Forest Ecosystem 27 - Coast Sands Blackbutt (ELA 2005).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 231

CH_DOF09LocationsStation Creek area (Yuraygir National Park); Red Rock (south of Corindi river estuary); Moonee Beach NatureReserve; Lower Coffs Creek area (Botanic Gardens and surrounds); Lower Boambee and Newport’s Creek; BongilBongil National Park.Page 232Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF09Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia binervata 1 50% 2 5% uninformativeAcacia falcata 2 100% 2 1% positiveAcacia longifolia 1 50% 1 6% uninformativeAcacia suaveolens 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeAcacia ulicifolia 1 50% 1 2% uninformativeAristida vagans 1 50% 2 2% uninformativeAristida warburgii 2 50% 2 1% positiveBanksia spinulosa var. collina 1 50% 2 5% uninformativeBaumea juncea 1 50% 3 4% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 2 50% 1 10% positiveBreynia oblongifolia 2 100% 1 29% positiveCaladenia catenata 2 50% 0 0% positiveCallistemon salignus 2 50% 3 12% positiveCasuarina glauca 1 50% 3 7% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 3 100% 2 20% positiveDesmodium rhytidophyllum 1 50% 1 7% uninformativeDesmodium varians 2 50% 1 6% positiveDianella caerulea 1 50% 1 50% uninformativeDigitaria parviflora 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 4 100% 1 9% positiveEntolasia stricta 2 100% 2 24% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 4 100% 3 27% positiveEucalyptus resinifera subsp.3 100% 3 10% positivehemilampraEucalyptus siderophloia 1 50% 3 10% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 2 50% 1 29% positiveGlycine clandestina 2 100% 1 12% positiveHibbertia aspera 2 100% 1 10% positiveHibbertia scandens 2 50% 1 31% positiveHibbertia vestita 1 50% 1 12% uninformativeHovea longifolia 2 100% 1 0% positiveImperata cylindrica 4 100% 2 31% positiveKennedia rubicunda 2 100% 1 7% positiveLepidosperma laterale 1 100% 1 16% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 2 100% 1 19% positiveLomandra filiformis 1 50% 1 12% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 100% 2 51% constantLophostemon confertus 1 50% 2 31% uninformativeMarsdenia fraseri 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 1 100% 1 8% uninformativeMelaleuca nodosa 2 50% 3 3% positiveMyrsine variabilis 1 50% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea ovata 2 100% 1 3% positiveOlearia nernstii 1 50% 2 0% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 50% 2 12% positivePanicum simile 2 100% 1 4% positivePatersonia glabrata 1 50% 2 5% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 2 100% 1 18% positivePolyscias sambucifolia 1 50% 1 16% uninformativePomax umbellata 1 50% 1 6% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 50% 2 27% positivePteridium esculentum 4 100% 2 31% positivePultenaea villosa 2 100% 2 5% positiveSyncarpia glomulifera 3 100% 2 39% positiveXanthorrhoea macronema 1 50% 1 6% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 233

CH_DOF10FOOTHILLS SPOTTED GUM - MAHOGANY - GREY GUM -IRONBARK DRY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Coastal Foothills Spotted Gum (Corymbia variegata)– Thick-leaved Mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea) – Small-fruited Grey Gum(Eucalyptus propinqua) – Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia) grassydry exposed open forest on sediments and metasedimentsSTATEWIDE CLASS Dry Sclerophyll Forests – North Coast DrySclerophyll Forest (Keith 2006)CH_DOF10PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Tallowwood – Thick-leaved Mahogany– Small-fruited Grey Gum – Grey Ironbark grassy open forest on shallowsedimentary soils, NSW North Coast Bioregion and South EasternQueensland Bioregion (NSW1500-124)DescriptionA dry open forest with Thick-leaved White Mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea), Small-fruited Grey Gum (Eucalyptuspropinqua), Grey Ironbark (Eucalyptus siderophloia) and Spotted Gum (Corymbia variegata). Other canopy speciesthat are common in few sites include Red Ironbark (Eucalyptus fibrosa), Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys) andRed Mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra). There are occurrences of Large-fruited Spotted Gum(Corymbia henryi) which are mapped with this community. A small tree layer of Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa)and, at some sites, Green Wattle (Acacia irrorata) is present. Other shrubs such as Fringe Wattle (Acacia fimbriata)may occur. The ground layer comprises of Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis), Blady Grass (Imperata cylindrica),Lepidosperma laterale, Wiry Panic (Entolasia stricta), Glycine clandestina, Cheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi and WhiteRoot (Pratia purpurascens).This community occurs commonly on dry aspects of ridges and upper slopes on shallow soils derived from coarseand fine grained sedimentary and metasedimentary rocks. The community is distributed in three main localitiesin coastal and hinterland hills of the Coast Range, Barcoongeree Low Hills and Gleniffer - Bonville Hills. There is anoutlying occurrence in Boambee State Forest.Page 234Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF10Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesTallest 10 - 30 25 - 60 Eucalyptus siderophloia, Corymbia variegata, Eucalyptus carnea,Eucalyptus pyrocarpa, Eucalyptus propinqua.Middle Layer 1 5 - 15 20 Allocasuarina torulosa, Acacia irrorata.Lower layer 1 1 - 1.8 10 - 20 Lomandra longifolia, Cymbopogon refractus.Lower layer 2 0.3 - 0.6 80 Themeda australis, Imperata cylindrica, Lepidosperma laterale,Entolasia stricta, Pratia purpurascens.* Data collated from 4 of 12 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsAt Madman’s Creek in Conglomerate State Forest there is a Spotted Gum (Corymbia variegata) – Thick-leavedMahogany (Eucalyptus carnea) dominated dry sclerophyll forest. The heathy understorey contains shrubs ofSannantha collina and Lemon-scented Tea-tree (Leptospermum petersonii) over a ground cover of Kangaroo Grass(Themeda australis).ExoticsSpecies richnessAndropogon virginicus, Cinnamomum camphora, Cirsium vulgare, Lantana camara, Sida rhombifoliaNumber of plots 21Total species 212Average number of species 37 ±7.7Conservation statusThis community is reserved Madman’s Creek Flora Reserve (15ha) and Sherwood Nature Reserve (40ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 2Freehold 600Nature Reserve 40NSW State Forest 1 591NSW State Forest Flora Reserve 15TOTAL 2 248Threatened and Rare plants:Eucalyptus rummeryi, Plectranthus suaveolensRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_DOF05 (Foothills Grey Gum – Ironbark – Mahogany Dry Forest), CH_WSF17 (Foothills Turpentine -Grey Gum - Ironbark Moist Shrubby Forest) and CH_WSF11 (Foothills Spotted Gum – Mahogany - Grey Gum WetShrubby Forest). CH_DOF10 can be distinguished by the higher abundance (typically dominant or sub-dominant)of Spotted Gum (Corymbia variegata) and is distinguished from CH_WSF11 by a characteristic dry grassy/shrubbyunderstorey. The mapped occurrence of the map unit Ch_DOF10 has been shown to include elements of thedry sclerophyll community CH_DOF05 (Foothills Grey Gum-Ironbark - Mahogany Dry Forest) as the dominanceof Spotted Gum decreases. As CH_DOF10 grades into wet sclerophyll forest, elements of the communitiesCH_WSF11 (Foothills Spotted Gum - Mahogany - Grey Gum Wet Shrubby Forest), CH_WSF17 (Foothills Turpentine- Grey Gum - Ironbark Moist Shrubby Forest) and CH_WSF03 (Foothills and Escarpment Blue Gum - Tallowwood-Turpentine Wet Shrubby Forest) may be present.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 235

CH_DOF10EquivalentsBiometric: (NR174) Grey Gum - Spotted Gum open forest of the southern Clarence lowlands of the North CoastOther: N67c Dry Ironbark/Grey Gum (Fisher et al.1996), Forest Ecosystem 55 (NPWS 1999)LocationsBoambee State Forest; Nana Creek and Day Dawn Creek in Bagawa State Forest; Bagawa Creek; Orara East StateForest; Wedding Bells State Forest; Conglomerate State Forest, Newfoundland State Forest, Upper Corindi andWest Woolgoolga area.Page 236Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF10Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia binervata 2 14% 2 5% uninformativeAcacia complanata 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeAcacia concurrens 2 5% 2 0% uninformativeAcacia falcata 2 5% 2 1% uninformativeAcacia falciformis 2 10% 0 0% positiveAcacia fimbriata 2 14% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia irrorata 2 29% 1 7% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 2 14% 1 14% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 1 29% 2 18% uninformativeAcalypha nemorum 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeAdiantum hispidulum 1 5% 2 9% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 1 5% 3 10% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 2 81% 2 33% positiveAlloteropsis semialata 1 5% 0 0% positiveAlphitonia excelsa 1 33% 1 13% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 1 5% 1 18% uninformativeAngophora costata 2 14% 2 14% uninformativeAngophora floribunda 3 5% 2 1% uninformativeAngophora woodsiana 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeArchirhodomyrtus beckleri 1 14% 2 24% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 2 5% 1 33% uninformativeAristida vagans 2 19% 2 2% uninformativeArthropodium sp. B 1 5% 0 0% positiveBillardiera scandens 1 24% 1 10% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 2 5% 2 40% uninformativeBreynia oblongifolia 1 62% 1 28% uninformativeBrunoniella australis 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 2 10% 2 27% uninformativeCaustis flexuosa 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 14% 1 7% uninformativeCelastrus subspicata 1 10% 1 4% uninformativeCenchrus caliculatus 1 10% 1 0% uninformativeCheilanthes sieberi subsp. sieberi 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeChorizema parviflorum 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeChrysocephalum apiculatum 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 19% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 29% 1 38% uninformativeClematicissus opaca 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeClematis aristata 2 19% 1 10% uninformativeClematis glycinoides 1 5% 1 6% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.2 5% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumClerodendrum tomentosum 1 5% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 5% 1 40% uninformativeCoronidium elatum 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeCorymbia gummifera 2 38% 2 7% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 3 5% 2 21% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 237

CH_DOF10Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classCorymbia variegata 3 86% 3 2% positiveCryptocarya microneura 2 5% 1 21% uninformativeCymbidium suave 1 19% 1 2% uninformativeCymbopogon refractus 2 48% 2 4% uninformativeCyperus enervis 2 5% 3 0% uninformativeCyperus imbecillis 2 5% 0 0% positiveDavallia solida var. pyxidata 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeDaviesia arborea 3 5% 0 0% positiveDaviesia ulicifolia 2 5% 2 0% uninformativeDaviesia umbellulata 1 10% 2 2% uninformativeDerris involuta 2 5% 1 1% uninformativeDesmodium brachypodum 1 24% 1 5% uninformativeDesmodium rhytidophyllum 1 48% 1 5% uninformativeDesmodium varians 1 19% 1 6% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 90% 1 48% uninformativeDichelachne micrantha 1 24% 1 0% uninformativeDigitaria divaricatissima 2 10% 3 0% uninformativeDigitaria parviflora 3 10% 1 3% uninformativeDiospyros australis 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 2 10% 1 9% uninformativeDoodia aspera 2 5% 2 16% uninformativeDoodia caudata 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeDrypetes deplanchei 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 1 5% 1 5% uninformativeEchinopogon caespitosus 2 19% 1 2% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 5% 1 28% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 2 57% 2 23% positiveEremochloa bimaculata 1 5% 0 0% positiveEucalyptus acmenoides 2 19% 2 8% uninformativeEucalyptus amplifolia 2 5% 0 0% positiveEucalyptus biturbinata 3 10% 2 0% uninformativeEucalyptus carnea 3 100% 2 6% positiveEucalyptus fibrosa 2 24% 1 0% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 2 52% 3 34% positiveEucalyptus pilularis 3 33% 3 27% uninformativeEucalyptus propinqua 3 81% 3 10% positiveEucalyptus pyrocarpa 3 14% 3 2% uninformativeEucalyptus resinifera subsp.3 19% 3 10% uninformativehemilampraEucalyptus rummeryi 4 10% 3 1% uninformativeEucalyptus siderophloia 3 81% 3 7% positiveEucalyptus tereticornis 1 5% 3 1% uninformativeEucalyptus tindaliae 3 5% 3 0% uninformativeEuroschinus falcatus 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 52% 1 28% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 5% 1 13% uninformativeFimbristylis dichotoma 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 10% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia sieberiana 1 5% 2 6% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 14% 1 24% uninformativePage 238Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF10Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 24% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 86% 1 9% uninformativeGlycine microphylla 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeGlycine tabacina 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeGlycine tomentella 1 5% 0 0% positiveGompholobium latifolium 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeGompholobium pinnatum 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeGoodenia hederacea subsp. hederacea 1 5% 1 4% uninformativeGoodenia rotundifolia 1 24% 1 4% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 5% 1 29% uninformativeGymnostachys anceps 1 10% 1 19% uninformativeHaemodorum austroqueenslandicum 1 5% 1 0% uninformativeHakea florulenta 2 5% 3 1% uninformativeHakea laevipes subsp. laevipes 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeHakea salicifolia 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeHardenbergia violacea 1 38% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 1 24% 1 10% uninformativeHibbertia dentata 1 5% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia linearis 1 5% 2 0% uninformativeHibbertia obtusifolia 1 10% 1 1% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 14% 1 32% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 1 19% 1 11% uninformativeHybanthus enneaspermus 1 38% 1 1% uninformativeHybanthus stellarioides 2 10% 1 4% uninformativeHypericum japonicum 1 10% 0 0% positiveHypoxis hygrometrica 1 10% 1 0% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 3 86% 2 29% positiveIndigofera australis 2 33% 1 3% uninformativeJacksonia scoparia 2 10% 1 2% uninformativeKennedia rubicunda 2 38% 1 6% uninformativeLagenophora gracilis 1 19% 1 0% uninformativeLaxmannia gracilis 1 5% 3 0% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 2 43% 1 16% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 5% 1 13% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 19% 1 19% uninformativeLeucopogon parviflorus 2 5% 1 1% uninformativeLindsaea linearis 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeLobelia dentata 1 5% 0 0% positiveLomandra filiformis 1 52% 1 10% uninformativeLomandra laxa 1 14% 1 0% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 67% 2 51% constantLomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora 2 5% 1 5% uninformativeLomatia silaifolia 2 5% 1 9% uninformativeLophostemon confertus 1 33% 2 31% uninformativeMaclura cochinchinensis 1 5% 1 7% uninformativeMacrozamia fawcettii 1 24% 1 1% uninformativeMaytenus bilocularis 2 10% 1 4% uninformativeMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 1 5% 2 4% uninformativeMonotoca scoparia 1 5% 1 3% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 239

CH_DOF10Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classMorinda jasminoides 1 10% 1 38% uninformativeMuellerina eucalyptoides 1 5% 0 0% positiveMurdannia graminea 1 10% 0 0% positiveNotelaea longifolia 1 19% 1 27% uninformativeNotelaea ovata 2 5% 1 3% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 1 19% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 2 5% 2 23% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 1 43% 1 7% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp.1 33% 1 11% uninformativepandoranaPanicum obseptum 2 5% 2 0% uninformativePanicum simile 1 19% 1 4% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 5% 1 29% uninformativePaspalidium distans 2 10% 2 1% uninformativePersoonia conjuncta 2 10% 1 1% uninformativePersoonia cornifolia 2 10% 2 0% uninformativePersoonia levis 2 10% 1 2% uninformativePersoonia media 2 19% 1 6% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 29% 1 18% uninformativePhyllanthus gunnii 2 5% 1 1% uninformativePhyllanthus hirtellus 1 10% 1 2% uninformativePimelea linifolia 2 5% 1 10% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 14% 1 13% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 5% 1 17% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 1 5% 1 5% uninformativePlectranthus parviflorus 1 14% 1 2% uninformativePlectranthus suaveolens 1 10% 0 0% positivePoa labillardierei var. labillardierei 1 14% 1 0% uninformativePoa sieberiana 2 10% 2 4% uninformativePodolobium scandens 1 10% 1 0% uninformativePolygala japonica 1 5% 0 0% positivePolyscias elegans 2 10% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 2 19% 1 16% uninformativePomaderris andromedifolia 1 5% 0 0% positivePratia purpurascens 2 52% 1 22% positivePseuderanthemum variabile 1 33% 2 27% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 14% 1 14% uninformativePteridium esculentum 2 33% 2 32% uninformativePteris tremula 2 5% 1 0% uninformativePultenaea euchila 2 10% 1 0% uninformativePultenaea retusa 2 10% 1 6% uninformativePultenaea villosa 2 14% 2 5% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 5% 1 5% uninformativeRhodomyrtus psidioides 2 10% 1 4% uninformativeRubus parvifolius 1 24% 1 3% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 1 5% 2 4% uninformativeSigesbeckia orientalis subsp. orientalis 1 24% 1 1% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 24% 1 45% uninformativeSolanum aviculare 1 5% 1 0% uninformativePage 240Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF10Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classSolanum hapalum 1 24% 1 5% uninformativeSolanum inaequilaterum 1 5% 1 1% uninformativeSolanum stelligerum 1 10% 1 1% uninformativeSorghum leiocladum 1 10% 0 0% positiveStephania japonica var. discolor 1 14% 1 22% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 1 43% 3 39% uninformativeSynoum glandulosum subsp.1 5% 2 36% uninformativeglandulosumThemeda australis 4 95% 2 21% positiveTrema tomentosa var. aspera 2 14% 1 3% uninformativeTripladenia cunninghamii 1 5% 1 10% uninformativeTrochocarpa laurina 1 14% 1 38% uninformativeUrtica incisa 1 5% 0 0% positiveVernonia cinerea 1 43% 1 9% uninformativeViola betonicifolia 1 5% 2 1% uninformativeViola hederacea 1 5% 2 2% uninformativeWahlenbergia planiflora 1 5% 0 0% positiveXanthorrhoea johnsonii 2 10% 2 1% uninformativeXanthorrhoea macronema 2 5% 1 6% uninformativeXanthorrhoea malacophylla 1 5% 3 1% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 241

CH_DOF11NORTHERN ESCARPMENT MAHOGANY GRASSY DRY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Thick-leaved Mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea) grassydry open forest of exposed slopes on shallow metasedimentary soils ofthe Little Nymboida RiverSTATEWIDE CLASS Dry Sclerophyll Forests – Northern EscarpmentMahogany Grassy Dry Forest (Keith 2006)CH_D0F11PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Thick-leaved Mahogany grassywoodland on shallow, rocky soils, NSW North Coast Bioregion and SouthEastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW700-82)DescriptionA dry open forest characterised by an overstorey dominated by Thick-leaved Mahogany (Eucalyptus carnea) andRed Mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra). A mid stratum of Forest Oak (Allocasuarina torulosa)is usually present. A sparse layer of shrubs includes Broad-leaved Geebung (Persoonia cornifolia), HickoryWattle (Acacia implexa) and Coffee Bush (Breynia oblongifolia). The ground layer is dominated mainly by grassesand shrubs including Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis), Poa sieberiana, Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandralongifolia) and Broad-leaved Rice Flower (Pimelea latifolia). No full floristic information has been collected for thismap unit, therefore the description given here is indicative only.Restricted to dry exposed crests and ridgelines of shallow metasedimentary soils in Wild Cattle Creek State Forestnear the junction of Little Nymboida River and Bobo River.Page 242Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_DOF11Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesTallest 15 - 25 30 - 60 Eucalyptus carnea, Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra.Middle 5 - 15 5 - 10 Allocasuarina torulosa.Lower layer 1 1 - 3 10 - 25 Persoonia cornifolia, Acacia implexa, Breynia oblongifolia.Lower layer 2 0 - 1.0 30 - 70 Themeda australis, Poa sieberiana, Lomandra longifolia, Pimelealatifolia, Lomandra filiformis, Imperata cylindrica, Desmodiumbrachypodum.* Data collated from 2 of 2 Rapid Data pointsConservation statusThis map unit is not currently reserved in the Coffs Harbour LGA.TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 21Freehold 1NSW State Forest 38TOTAL 60Relationship to other communitiesCH_DOF11 shares some species and structural similarities with CH_DOF05 (Foothills Grey Gum - Ironbark- Mahogany Dry Forest). CH_DOF11 generally occurs on more exposed sites with very shallow soils. A sparsershrub layer, a dense ground layer of Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis) and strong dominance of Thick-leavedMahogany (Eucalyptus carnea) are all key features of CH_DOF11.EquivalentsBiometric: No equivalentOther: RN17 61 - Broad-leaved White Mahogany (Forest Commission of NSW, 1989)LocationsKnown localities include Timmsvale Road near the junction of Little Nymboida River and Bobo River.Diagnostic speciesMap unit only, no site information for diagnostic species.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 243



CH_H01COAST BANKSIA SHRUBLAND ON HOLOCENE DUNESSCIENTIFIC NAME Coast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia subsp.integrifolia) shrubland on Holocene dunesSTATEWIDE CLASS Heathlands – Coastal Headland Heaths (Keith2006)CH_H01PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Coast Banksia - Tuckeroo closed forest/shrubland of coastal Holocene dunes, NSW North Coast Bioregion andSouth Eastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW700-473)DescriptionAn open to closed forest located along Holocene fore dunes. Relatively undisturbed areas of this communityhave an overstorey characterised by Coast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia), Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsisanacardioides), and Brush Cherry (Syzygium australe). Coast Wattle (Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae) and BeachAcronychia (Acronychia imperforata) may occur in the middle strata. Lawyer Vine (Smilax australis) is commongrowing as tangles in the various strata. The ground is comprised of Dianella congesta, Blady Grass (Imperatacylindrica var. major), Native violet (Viola banksii), Bracken Fern (Pteridium esculentum), Prickly Couch (Zoysiamacrantha) and Creeping Beard Grass (Oplismenus imbecillis).Page 246Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H01Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesTallest 1-15 10-75 Banksia integrifolia subsp. integriflolia, Cupaniopsis anacardioides, Syzgiumaustrale, Cryptocarya triplinervis, Alectryon coriaceus.Middle 0.5-8 10-60 Smilax australis, Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae, Acronychia imperforata.Lower 0-2 20-70 Dianella congesta, Imperata cylindrica var. major, Pteridium esculentum,Zoysia macrantha, Oplismenus imbecillis, Viola banksii.* Data collated from 7 of 7 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThe condition of this community varies considerably from open derived grassland with emergent CoastBanksias (Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia) to dense low shrublands with Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoidesrotundifolia subsp. monilifera) and to shrublands and open forests with littoral rainforest elements. In disturbedexamples, the overstorey is often composed of scattered Coast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia)and sometimes with plantings of native species such as Coast Tea-tree (Leptospermum laevigatum) and HorsetailShe-oak (Casuarina equisetifolia). Disturbed open areas often have a lower layer of weeds such as BitouBush (Chrysanthemoides rotundifolia subsp. monilifera) and grasses, while more protected and less disturbedsites contain littoral rainforest species such as Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), Beach Apple (Acronychiaimperforata) and Beach Bird’s Eye (Alectryon coriaceus). Some of the least disturbed examples of this communityoccur in Bongil Bongil National Park south of Bundagen Headland.ExoticsAndropogon virginicus, Bidens pilosa, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata,Cinnamomum camphora, Conyza bonariensis, Conyza parva, Gloriosa superba, Lantana camara, Oenothera affinis,Paspalum mandiocanum, Protasparagus aethiopicus, Senecio madagascariensis, Senna septemtrionalis, Solanumchenopodioides, Solanum nigrum, Sonchus oleraceusSpecies richnessNumber of plots 5Total native species 76Average number of species 24 ±5.8Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (83ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (53ha), Moonee BeachNature Reserve (37ha) and Yuraygir National Park (42ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 147Freehold 56National Park 106Nature Reserve 37Regional Park 57TOTAL 404Threatened and Rare plants:Sophora tomentosaVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 247

CH_H01Relationship to other communitiesRelated to and often occurring adjacent to CH_H02 (Coast Wattle Shrublands) and CH_H06 (Coast HeadlandBanksia). CH_H01 (Coast Banksia Shrubland on Holocene Dunes) is distinguished by having a dominance ofCoast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia) in a shrubland or low open forest form. CH_D0F08 (CoastalSand Bloodwood – Banksia Forest) may also have a co-dominance of Coast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia subsp.integrifolia) in the middle strata but is characterised by having a taller forest structure with Pink Bloodwood(Corymbia intermedia) and Tallowwood (Eucalyptus microcorys). CH_H01 is also related to and intergrades withCH_RF13 (Coastal Sheltered Dune Littoral Rainforest) and CH_RF07 (Coastal Exposed Dune Littoral Rainforest).EquivalentsBiometric:NR151- Coastal headland heaths of the North CoastOther:N75a Foredune complex (Fisher et al. 1996); Community 4- Coast Banksia Shrublands(Cameron et al. 2011).LocationsBongil Bongil National Park between Tuckers Rock and Bonville Headland; Boambee Beach.Page 248Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H01Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 249

CH_H01Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia disparrima subsp. disparrima 1 14% 0 0% positiveAcacia longifolia 1 86% 1 5% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 29% 1 14% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 1 14% 2 19% uninformativeAcianthus exsertus 3 14% 0 0% positiveAcmena smithii 1 14% 1 27% uninformativeAcronychia imperforata 2 57% 1 3% positiveAlectryon coriaceus 3 57% 2 2% positiveAlphitonia excelsa 1 14% 1 14% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 14% 1 9% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 4 100% 1 6% positiveBreynia oblongifolia 1 71% 1 29% uninformativeCarpobrotus glaucescens 2 14% 1 1% uninformativeCasuarina glauca 3 14% 2 7% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 2 43% 1 7% uninformativeCissus antarctica 1 14% 1 19% uninformativeClerodendrum tomentosum 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeCommelina cyanea 2 57% 1 4% positiveCrinum pedunculatum 1 43% 1 3% uninformativeCryptocarya triplinervis 3 29% 1 4% uninformativeCupaniopsis anacardioides 3 100% 1 10% positiveCymbopogon refractus 2 14% 2 6% uninformativeCyperus eglobosus 2 14% 0 0% positiveCyperus enervis 3 14% 2 0% uninformativeCyperus gracilis 2 14% 1 1% uninformativeDianella caerulea 2 43% 1 50% uninformativeDianella congesta 3 43% 1 1% uninformativeDigitaria parviflora 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 1 14% 1 9% uninformativeEinadia hastata 1 14% 1 0% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 14% 1 27% uninformativeEragrostis leptostachya 1 14% 1 0% uninformativeExcoecaria agallocha 1 14% 0 0% positiveFicinia nodosa 1 71% 2 2% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 2 29% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 14% 1 13% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 2 29% 1 12% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 3 14% 1 28% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 2 57% 1 31% positiveHydrocotyle peduncularis 2 43% 1 5% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 3 86% 2 31% positiveLeptospermum variabile 1 14% 0 0% positiveLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 43% 1 19% uninformativeLeucopogon parviflorus 1 29% 2 0% uninformativeLomandra filiformis 1 14% 1 12% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 71% 2 51% constantMaclura cochinchinensis 1 57% 1 6% uninformativePage 250Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H01Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classMelichrus procumbens 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 1 14% 2 3% uninformativeMonotoca elliptica 1 43% 1 2% uninformativeMuellerina celastroides 1 14% 1 0% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 2 29% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 14% 1 27% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 3 43% 2 21% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 29% 1 18% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 14% 1 16% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 1 14% 1 5% uninformativePolyscias elegans 1 14% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 2 14% 1 16% uninformativePomax umbellata 1 14% 1 6% uninformativePratia purpurascens 2 29% 1 23% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 14% 1 14% uninformativePteridium esculentum 2 57% 2 31% positiveRhodomyrtus psidioides 3 14% 1 4% uninformativeRubus parvifolius 2 43% 1 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 14% 1 9% uninformativeScaevola calendulacea 2 14% 3 0% uninformativeSenecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius 2 14% 2 1% uninformativeSmilax australis 2 100% 1 44% positiveSophora tomentosa 1 14% 0 0% positiveSpinifex sericeus 1 14% 4 1% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 2 57% 1 21% positiveSyzygium australe 2 43% 1 5% uninformativeViola banksii 2 43% 1 16% uninformativeViola hederacea 4 14% 2 2% uninformativeZoysia macrantha 3 43% 3 3% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 251

CH_H02COAST WATTLE SHRUBLANDSSCIENTIFIC NAME Coast Wattle (Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae)shrublandsSTATEWIDE CLASS Heathlands – Coastal Headland Heaths (Keith2006)CH_H02PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Coast Wattle shrubland on coastalforedunes in the South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSW NorthCoast Bioregion (NSW700-675)DescriptionA heathland to shrubland commonly found on coastal foredunes throughout the Local Government Area.Coast Wattle (Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae) is most abundant in the upper layer, with the exotic Bitou Bush(Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata) also occurring and forming mono-dominant stands in disturbedsites. Shrubs of Coast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia) may also be present along with isolatedoccurrences of Horsetail She-oak (Casuarina equisetifolia). In less disturbed sites grasses such as Zoysia macrantha,Blady Grass (Imperata cylindrica) and Coastal Spinifex (Spinifex sericeus) form a dense ground layer. A range ofcoastal dune species Dianella congesta, Oxalis rubens, Club Rush (Ficinia nodosa) and Blue Fan Flower (Scaevolacalendulacea) may also occur.Page 252Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H02Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesLower layer 1 0.3-1.5 70 Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae.Lower layer 2 0-0.4 60 Spinifex sericeus, Imperata cylindrica, Zoysiamacrantha.* Data collated from 3 of 3 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThe community varies in the abundance and cover of Coast Wattle (Acacia longifolia subsp. sophorae) and BitouBush (Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata).ExoticsChrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundataSpecies richnessNumber of plots 2Total native species 7Average number of species 5 ±0Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (33ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (20ha), Moonee BeachNature Reserve (33ha) Yuraygir National Park (97ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 77Freehold 3National Park 132Nature Reserve 34Regional Park 28TOTAL 273Threatened and Rare plants:Sophora tomentosaRelationship to other communitiesRelated to and often occurring adjacent to CH_G01 (Strandline Grassland), and CH_H01 (Coast Banksia Shrublandon Holocene Dunes). It also associates with CH_SW05 (Coastal Headland Twig Rush Sedgeland Soak).EquivalentsBiometric:NR151- Coastal headland heaths of the North CoastOther:N75a - Foredune complex (Fisher et al. 1996); Community 3- Coast Wattle Shrublands(Cameron et al. 2011).LocationsBonville Beach; Boambee Beach; Sawtell Beach; Jetty Beach; Sapphire Beach; Safety Beach; Emerald Beach,Fiddaman’s Beach, Woolgoolga Beach, Hearns Lake, Ocean View Beach, Corindi Beach, Red Rock Surf Beach.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 253

CH_H02Page 254Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H02Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longifolia 5 100% 1 5% positiveBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 1 67% 1 8% uninformativeCarpobrotus glaucescens 1 33% 2 1% uninformativeCrinum pedunculatum 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeDianella congesta 1 33% 3 1% uninformativeFicinia nodosa 1 33% 2 3% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 33% 1 32% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 3 67% 2 32% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMonotoca elliptica 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeOxalis rubens 2 33% 1 0% uninformativeRhagodia candolleana subsp. candolleana 1 33% 2 0% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 2 33% 1 9% uninformativeScaevola calendulacea 3 33% 3 0% uninformativeSpinifex sericeus 4 67% 4 1% positiveZoysia macrantha 4 100% 3 3% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 255

CH_H03KANGAROO GRASS HEADLAND GRASSLANDSSCIENTIFIC NAME Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis) HeadlandGrasslandsSTATEWIDE CLASS Heathlands – Coastal Headland Heaths (Keith 2006)CH_H03PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Kangaroo Grass sod grassland of NorthCoast headlands, South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSW NorthCoast Bioregion (NSW700-384)DescriptionA grassland in which Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis) is clearly most abundant. Blue Couch (Cynodondactylon) and Prickly Couch (Zoysia macrantha) may also occur. Abundant shrubs include the prostate Pultenaeamaritima, Guinea Flower (Hibbertia vestita), and Rice Flower (Pimelea linifolia). Scattered Coast Banksia (Banksiaintegrifolia subsp. integrifolia) occurs as an emergent. Herbs include the twining Polymeria calycina, and succulentApium prostratum, Fireweed (Senecio pinnatifolius subsp. pinnatifolius), Melanthera biflora and Everlasting Daisy(Xerochrysum bracteatum).This community occurs on metasedimentary and volcanic geology on exposed locations on headlands with saltladen onshore winds.Page 256Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H03Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesGround 0-0.3 75-90 Themeda australis, Pultenaea maritima, Cynodon dactylon, Zoysiamacrantha, Hibbertia vestita, Melanthera biflora.* Data collated from 6 of 7 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThere is variation in the abundance of grasses such as Prickly Couch (Zoysia macrantha) and Blue Couch (Cynodondactylon) and shrubs such as Coastal Bush-pea (Pultenaea maritima).ExoticsChrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata, Conyza bonariensis, Gamochaeta spicata,Hypochaeris radicata, Paspalum mandiocanum, Pennisetum clandestinum, Plantago lanceolata, Poa annua,Polycarpon tetraphyllum, Senecio madagascariensis, Sporobolus africanus, Stenotaphrum secundatum, TaraxacumofficinaleSpecies richnessNumber of plots 7Total native species 53Average number of species 16 ±2.0Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Coffs Coast Regional Park (20ha) and Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (12ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 12Freehold 1Nature Reserve 12Regional Park 21TOTAL 46Endangered Ecological Community: Themeda grassland on seacliffs and coastal headlands on the NSW NorthCoast, Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions EECThreatened and Rare plants: Plectranthus cremnus, Pultenaea maritima, Thesium australe, Zieria prostrataRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_H06 (Coast Headland Banksia) and CH_SW05 (Twig Rush Headland Sedgeland Soaks).EquivalentsBiometric: NR271- Themeda australis sod tussock grassland of coastal areas of the North CoastOther: SG6302 - 3513 Headland Heath and Grassland (Fisher et al. 1996).LocationsSawtell Headland, Boambee Headland, Corambirra Point, Macauley’s Headland, Korora Headland, Green Bluff;Look-at-me-now Headland; Dammerels Headland, Diggers Point; Bare Bluff; Woolgoolga Headland; MullawayHeadland; Ocean View Headland; Arrawarra Headland; Red Rock Headland.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 257


CH_H03Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classApium prostratum 2 14% 1 1% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 1 57% 2 7% uninformativeCarex breviculmis 1 14% 0 0% positiveCarex pumila 1 29% 3 1% uninformativeCarpobrotus glaucescens 1 14% 2 1% uninformativeCassytha glabella f. glabella 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeCentella asiatica 1 57% 1 2% uninformativeCommelina cyanea 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeCotula australis 1 14% 0 0% positiveCynodon dactylon 3 29% 4 0% uninformativeCyperus polystachyos 1 14% 2 1% uninformativeDesmodium varians 1 29% 1 6% uninformativeDianella congesta 1 14% 3 1% uninformativeDichondra repens 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeEinadia hastata 1 29% 1 0% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 1 14% 2 25% uninformativeFicinia nodosa 1 14% 2 3% uninformativeGonocarpus tetragynus 2 29% 1 3% uninformativeGoodenia hederacea subsp. hederacea 2 29% 1 3% uninformativeGoodenia rotundifolia 3 29% 1 4% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 2 71% 1 11% positiveHybanthus stellarioides 1 29% 1 4% uninformativeHydrocotyle peduncularis 1 43% 1 5% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 14% 2 32% uninformativeLachnagrostis filiformis 2 14% 0 0% positiveLobelia anceps 1 71% 1 4% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMelanthera biflora 1 43% 0 0% positiveOxalis exilis 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeOxalis radicosa 2 14% 1 1% uninformativeOxalis rubens 1 14% 2 0% uninformativePimelea linifolia 2 71% 1 9% positivePlectranthus cremnus 1 14% 3 0% uninformativePodolobium scandens 1 14% 1 0% uninformativePolymeria calycina 1 86% 1 3% uninformativePoranthera microphylla 1 43% 1 1% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 29% 1 23% uninformativePultenaea maritima 3 43% 1 0% uninformativePultenaea villosa 3 14% 2 6% uninformativeSamolus repens 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeSchoenus apogon 1 14% 2 1% uninformativeSchoenus nitens 1 14% 3 1% uninformativeSenecio pinnatifolius 2 29% 2 0% uninformativeSowerbaea juncea 1 14% 0 0% positiveStackhousia spathulata 1 29% 1 0% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 14% 1 22% uninformativeThemeda australis 5 100% 3 23% positiveThysanotus tuberosus subsp. tuberosus 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeTricoryne elatior 1 29% 1 2% uninformativeViola banksii 2 43% 1 16% uninformativeViola hederacea 2 14% 2 2% uninformativeXerochrysum bracteatum 2 86% 1 0% positiveZoysia macrantha 2 43% 3 3% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 259

CH_H04COASTAL SHE-OAK – HAKEA CLAY HEATHLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Black She-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis) – Hakea(laevipes subsp. laevipes) – Horned Sedge (Ptilothrix deusta) ClayHeathland.STATEWIDE CLASS Heathlands – Coastal Headland HeathsCH_H04PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Fern-leaved Banksia –She-oakgraminoid heathland on heavy clay soils of coastal hills in the NSW NorthCoast Bioregion and the South Eastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW1000-1490 or 1491)DescriptionA shrubland often with a dense layer of Black She-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis), Hakea laevipes subsp. laevipesand Fern-leaved Banksia (Banksia oblongifolia). Emergent Pink Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) and SwampBox (Lophostemon suaveolens) may also occur. The ground layer consists of Horned Sedge (Ptilothrix deusta) andAristida warburgii.This community is restricted to gently undulating plains and rises on clay soils derived from the Coffs HarbourAssociation. It is also associated with the Barcoongere soil landscape.Page 260Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H04Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 0.3 – 0.9 Banksia oblongifolia, Allocasuarina littoralis, Hakea laevipes subsp. laevipes.* Data collated from 1 of 1 full floristic siteStructural and floristic variationsSome examples of this community within Station Creek (Yuraygir National Park) have been subject to pastclearing.Species richnessNumber of plots 2Total species 29Average number of species 30 ±4.2Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Yuraygir National Park (81ha)TenureArea (ha)National Park 62TOTAL 62Relationship to other communitiesThis community is related to CH_H05 (Coastal Dagger Hakea Heathland). In CH_H05, the Mullaway Needle-bush(Hakea actites) replaces Hakea laevipes subsp. laevipes found in CH_H04.EquivalentsBiometric:167 - Graminoid clay heaths of the coastal lowlands of the North CoastLocationsGreen Hills; Station Creek in Yuraygir National ParkVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 261


CH_H04Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia brownii 2 50% 1 0% positiveAcacia concurrens 2 50% 2 0% positiveAllocasuarina littoralis 4 100% 3 9% positiveAngophora costata 4 50% 2 13% positiveAristida warburgii 4 50% 2 1% positiveBanksia oblongifolia 4 100% 3 9% positiveBanksia spinulosa var. collina 2 50% 2 5% positiveBaumea rubiginosa 2 50% 4 1% positiveBurchardia umbellata 2 50% 1 2% positiveCorymbia intermedia 1 50% 2 20% uninformativeDampiera stricta 4 100% 2 7% positiveDianella revoluta 1 50% 2 0% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 2 50% 2 25% positiveFimbristylis cinnamometorum 2 50% 0 0% positiveGompholobium pinnatum 3 100% 1 4% positiveGonocarpus micranthus 2 50% 2 2% positiveGonocarpus tetragynus 2 100% 1 3% positiveGoodenia bellidifolia 2 50% 2 0% positiveGoodenia hederacea subsp. hederacea 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeHaemodorum austroqueenslandicum 1 50% 1 0% uninformativeHakea florulenta 3 100% 1 1% positiveHakea laevipes subsp. laevipes 4 50% 1 1% positiveHibbertia vestita 4 100% 1 11% positiveIschaemum australe 2 50% 2 1% positiveLepidosperma laterale 2 50% 1 17% positiveLeptocarpus tenax 4 50% 2 2% positiveLeptospermum juniperinum 3 50% 1 2% positiveLeptospermum polygalifolium 2 50% 1 12% positiveLindsaea linearis 2 50% 1 3% positiveLomandra longifolia 3 50% 2 51% constantLomatia silaifolia 2 50% 1 9% positiveLophostemon suaveolens 3 100% 2 8% positiveMelaleuca sieberi 3 50% 3 4% positiveMelichrus procumbens 2 50% 1 1% positiveMonotoca scoparia 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeNotelaea ovata 3 50% 1 3% positivePatersonia sericea 3 100% 2 4% positivePersoonia stradbrokensis 2 50% 1 18% positivePetrophile canescens 1 50% 1 1% uninformativePimelea linifolia 3 100% 1 9% positivePtilothrix deusta 4 50% 3 2% positivePultenaea villosa 4 50% 2 6% positiveSchoenus apogon 4 50% 1 1% positiveSchoenus brevifolius 2 50% 2 1% positiveSelaginella uliginosa 2 50% 1 3% positiveThemeda australis 4 100% 3 24% positiveTrachymene incisa subsp. incisa 2 100% 1 2% positiveXanthorrhoea fulva 4 50% 3 6% positive*Fidelity table contains two sites. YUR116 is a clay heathland. YUR190 is a Angophora costata woodland with clayand wet heathland elements.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 263

CH_H05COASTAL DAGGER - HAKEA CLAY HEATHLANDSCIENTIFIC NAMECoastal Dagger Hakea (Hakea actites) Clay HeathlandSTATEWIDE CLASS Heathlands – Coastal Headland Heaths (Keith 2006)CH_H05PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Fern-leaved Banksia –She-oakgraminoid heathland on heavy clay soils of coastal hills in theNSW North Coast Bioregion and the South Eastern QueenslandBioregion (NSW1000-1490 or 1491)DescriptionDagger Hakea Clay Heathland/Shrubland is found on undulating low hills often associated with the Look-atme-nowsoil landscape. The clay soils are derived from metasediments of the Coffs Harbour Association. Thecommunity is restricted to the Mullaway area in Coffs Harbour Regional Park and Garby Nature Reserve.A shrubland or heathland with a dense upper layer of Mullaway Needlebush (Hakea actites) and Prickly-leavedPaperbark (Melaleuca nodosa). Other shrubs occur at lower abundance in the mid and lower layers and includeFern-leaved Banksia (Banksia oblongifolia), Mock Olive (Notelaea ovata), Leptospermum semibaccatum and BlackShe-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis). Horned sedge (Ptilothrix deusta) is abundant in the ground layer with WiryPanic (Entolasia stricta), Austrostipa pubescens, Epacris pulchella, Dampiera stricta, Black Bog Rush (Schoenusmelanostachys) and Screw Fern (Lindsaea incisa). Mullaway Needlebush (Hakea actites) is abundant and forms adense shrub layer in unburnt sites.Page 264Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H05Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesMid 2-3m 35-95 Melaleuca nodosa, Hakea actites, Leptospermum liversidgei, Leptospermumsemibaccatum.Lower layer 0.1-1.5 35-70 Ptilothrix deusta, Banksia oblongifolia, Notelaea ovata, Patersonia glabrata,Patersonia sericea, Schoenus melanostachys, Cassytha glabella f. glabella,Dampiera stricta, Epacris pulchella.Ground 0-0.5 5 Lindsaea linearis, Gonocarpus teucrioides, Austrostipa pubescens.* Data collated from 3 of 3 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsTwo structural variations were noted based on time since the last fire. Unburnt sites had a dense cover ofMullaway Needlebush (Hakea actites) which may develop a shrubland structure up to 3m in height, seen as adarker brown pattern on aerial photographs. More open areas occur where grasses and sedges dominate andHakea is less common, and these areas are denoted as lighter colour on adjacent photograph.Species richnessNumber of plots 3Total species 59Average number of species 30 ±3.8Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Coffs Coast Regional Park (12ha) and Garby Nature Reserve (23ha)TenureArea (ha)Nature Reserve 23Regional Park 11TOTAL 34Relationship to other communitiesRelated to and grades into CH_FW05 (Coastal Wallum Paperbark Wet Heathland), in wetter sites. Related toCH_H04 (Coastal She-oak – Hakea Clay Heathland), which is a clay heathland occurring in Yuraygir National Parkwhere Hakea actites is replaced by Hakea laevipes subsp. laevipes in better drained sites.EquivalentsBiometric:167- Graminoid clay heaths of the coastal lowlands of the North CoastOther: xSG 5502/ 6003/ 6004 Wet Heath/Shrubland (Fisher et al. 1996);LocationsMullaway, Garby Nature ReserveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 265


CH_H05Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longifolia 1 33% 1 6% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 1 100% 3 9% uninformativeAustrostipa pubescens 2 67% 2 1% positiveBanksia marginata 1 33% 0 0% positiveBanksia oblongifolia 3 100% 3 8% positiveCassytha filiformis 1 33% 1 3% uninformativeCassytha glabella f. glabella 2 67% 1 4% positiveCassytha pubescens 2 33% 1 2% uninformativeCassytha racemosa 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeChorizema parviflorum 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeComesperma defoliatum 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeComesperma ericinum 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 1 33% 2 20% uninformativeCryptostylis erecta 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeDampiera lanceolata var. lanceolata 1 33% 1 0% uninformativeDampiera stricta 2 67% 2 7% positiveEntolasia stricta 2 67% 2 24% positiveEpacris pulchella 2 67% 2 3% positiveGompholobium pinnatum 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeGonocarpus micranthus 2 33% 2 2% uninformativeGonocarpus tetragynus 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeGonocarpus teucrioides 2 67% 1 1% positiveGoodenia hederacea subsp. hederacea 1 33% 1 3% uninformativeGoodenia paniculata 1 67% 1 2% uninformativeHakea actites 4 100% 3 1% positiveHardenbergia violacea 1 33% 1 8% uninformativeHibbertia empetrifolia subsp.1 33% 1 0% uninformativeempetrifoliaHibbertia vestita 1 67% 1 11% uninformativeLepidosperma gunnii 1 33% 0 0% positiveLepidosperma laterale 1 33% 1 17% uninformativeLepidosperma quadrangulatum 1 33% 4 0% uninformativeLeptospermum liversidgei 3 33% 3 3% uninformativeLeptospermum semibaccatum 2 67% 1 0% positiveLindsaea linearis 2 100% 1 3% positiveLomandra filiformis 2 67% 1 12% positiveLomandra longifolia 1 33% 2 52% negativeLomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora 1 33% 1 5% uninformativeMelaleuca nodosa 5 67% 3 3% positiveMelaleuca quinquenervia 1 33% 2 12% uninformativeMelaleuca squamea 1 33% 1 0% uninformativeMelaleuca thymifolia 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 2 33% 1 3% uninformativeMirbelia rubiifolia 1 33% 2 1% uninformativeNotelaea ovata 2 67% 1 3% positiveParsonsia straminea 1 100% 1 27% uninformativePatersonia glabrata 3 33% 2 5% uninformativePatersonia sericea 2 100% 2 3% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 267

CH_H05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPimelea linifolia 1 33% 1 9% uninformativePtilothrix deusta 4 100% 3 2% positivePultenaea maritima 1 33% 3 1% uninformativePultenaea retusa 1 100% 2 6% uninformativePultenaea villosa 1 33% 2 6% uninformativeSchoenus apogon 1 33% 2 1% uninformativeSchoenus melanostachys 3 33% 2 1% uninformativeSporadanthus interruptus 1 33% 3 3% uninformativeStackhousia nuda 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeThemeda australis 1 100% 3 23% uninformativeTricoryne elatior 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeViola banksii 1 33% 1 16% uninformativePage 268Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H06COASTAL HEADLAND BANKSIASCIENTIFIC NAME Coast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia subsp.integrifolia) shrubland of HeadlandsSTATEWIDE CLASS Heathlands – Coastal Headland Heaths (Keith 2006)CH_H06PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Kangaroo Grass Sod Grassland of NorthCoast Headlands South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSW NorthCoast Bioregion (NSW700-384)DescriptionCoast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia) is present in the upper layer. Littoral rainforest shrubs andsmall trees may also occur in the upper and mid layers such as Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides), ThreeveinedLaurel (Cryptocarya triplinervis) and Beach Acronychia (Acronychia imperforata). Swamp Oak (Casuarinaglauca) and Black She-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis) occurring in the upper and mid layers were observed duringrapid site assessments of this community. Vines such as Hairy Silkpod (Parsonsia straminea) and Sweet Morinda(Morinda jasminoides) are common. The ground layer consists of a dense layer of grasses with Kangaroo Grass(Themeda australis), Basket Grass (Oplismenus aemulus, Oplismenus imbecillis), Prickly couch (Zoysia macrantha)and Ottochloa gracillima. Sites are often weedy and steep slopes are subject to landslip and erosion.This community is distributed on metasedimentary and Adamellite headlands along the coast where CoastBanskia shrubs have been able to recruit over a grassy lower layer.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 269

CH_H06Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 4-10 45-50 Banksia integrifolia subsp, integrifolia, Cryptocarya triplinervis, Acacialongifolia subsp. sophorae.Middle 0.3-6 20-35 Parsonsia straminea, Morinda jasminoides.Ground 0-1 25-70 Dichondra repens, Themeda australis, Viola banksii.* Data collated from 3 of 3 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThe proportion of cover between shrubs versus grasses varies across this mapping unit. It can vary from an opento dense shrubland or low open forest. Banksia shrubs are often recruited over a dense cover of Kangaroo Grass.ExoticsAgeratina adenophora, Araujia sericifera, Asparagus aethiopicus, Bidens subalternans, Bidenspilosa, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata, Cirsium vulgare, Conyza bonariensis, Crassocephalumcrepidioides, Eugenia uniflora, Gomphocarpus physocarpus, Ipomoea cairica, Ipomoea indica, Lantana camara,Ochna serrulata, Passiflora edulis, Paspalum mandiocanum, Paspalum urvillei, Passiflora suberosa, Senna pendula,Solanum mauritianum, Verbena rigidaSpecies richnessNumber of plots 3Total species 51Average number of species 27 ±8Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Coffs Coast RP (20ha), Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (9ha), Yuraygir NP (

CH_H06LocationsDolman’s Point, Sawtell Headland, Boambee Headland, Corambirra Point, Macauley’s Headland, Korora Headland,Opal Cove, White Bluff, Green Bluff, Look-at-me-now Headland, Bare Bluff, Woolgoolga Headland, Ocean ViewHeadland and Arrawarra Headland.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 271

CH_H06Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longifolia 1 100% 1 5% uninformativeAcronychia imperforata 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeAlectryon coriaceus 2 33% 2 3% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 67% 1 32% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 4 100% 1 7% positiveCayratia clematidea 1 33% 1 8% uninformativeCentella asiatica 2 33% 1 3% uninformativeConvolvulus erubescens 1 33% 0 0% positiveCryptocarya triplinervis 1 67% 1 4% uninformativeCupaniopsis anacardioides 1 100% 1 10% uninformativeDesmodium varians 2 33% 1 6% uninformativeDianella congesta 1 33% 3 1% uninformativeDichondra repens 2 67% 1 5% positiveElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 33% 1 27% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 2 33% 1 29% uninformativeFicus coronata 3 33% 1 13% uninformativeFicus macrophylla subsp. macrophylla 1 33% 0 0% positiveGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 67% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 33% 1 13% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 2 33% 2 32% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 67% 2 51% negativeMallotus discolor 1 33% 1 0% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 1 33% 1 8% uninformativeMelia azedarach 1 33% 0 0% positiveMelicope hayesii 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 2 33% 1 3% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 2 67% 1 36% positiveMuellerina celastroides 1 33% 1 0% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 67% 1 26% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 100% 2 12% positiveOplismenus imbecillis 2 67% 2 21% positiveOttochloa gracillima 3 33% 2 10% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 2 100% 1 27% positivePaspalidium distans 1 33% 2 1% uninformativePimelea latifolia 1 33% 1 1% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 67% 1 10% uninformativePolygala linariifolia 1 33% 0 0% positivePolymeria calycina 1 33% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 33% 1 16% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 100% 1 23% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 67% 1 14% uninformativeRhodomyrtus psidioides 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeRubus parvifolius 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 2 33% 1 9% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 100% 1 44% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 33% 1 29% uninformativePage 272Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H06Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classStephania japonica var. discolor 2 67% 1 21% positiveThemeda australis 4 33% 3 24% uninformativeTrema tomentosa var. aspera 1 33% 1 3% uninformativeViola banksii 2 100% 1 15% positiveWikstroemia indica 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeZoysia macrantha 4 33% 3 3% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 273

CH_H07COASTAL HEADLAND SWAMP OAK SHRUBLANDCH_H07SCIENTIFIC NAME Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) - Broad-leavedPLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Swamp Oak shrublands on coastalPaperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) Headland shrublandheadlands, NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-383)STATEWIDE CLASS Heathlands – Coastal Headland Heaths (Keith 2006)DescriptionSwamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) and/or Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) form a shrubland tolow open forest cover. Coast Banksia (Banksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia) and Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptustereticornis) may also occur. There is a sparse mid layer of Cheese Tree (Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi). Theground layer contains Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis), Creeping Beard Grass (Oplismenus imbecillis), WattleMat-rush (Lomandra filiformis) and Native Violet (Viola banksii). Common vines occurring in this community areLawyer Vine (Smilax australis), Wombat Berry (Eustrephus latifolius) and Common Silkpod (Parsonsia straminea).Page 274Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H07Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 2-5 35 Casuarina glauca, Melaleuca quinquenervia.Lower 1-2 55 Smilax glyciphylla, Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi.Ground 0-1 60 Viola banksii, Themeda australis, Oplismenus imbecillis, Lomandra filiformis.* Data collated from 1 of 1 full floristic siteStructural and floristic variationsThis community can vary from a shrubland to open forest. Areas may be dominated by Swamp Oak (Casuarinaglauca) or Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) or a combination of both.Species richnessNumber of plots 1Total species 39Average number of speciesn/aConservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (


CH_H07Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia irrorata 1 100% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia longifolia 1 100% 1 6% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 2 100% 1 8% positiveCassytha glabella f. glabella 1 100% 1 4% uninformativeCasuarina glauca 3 100% 2 7% positiveCryptocarya triplinervis 1 100% 1 4% uninformativeCupaniopsis anacardioides 1 100% 1 11% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 100% 1 50% uninformativeEchinostephia aculeata 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 2 100% 1 29% positiveGahnia aspera 1 100% 1 14% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 2 100% 1 13% positiveGoodenia hederacea subsp. hederacea 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 100% 1 28% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 1 100% 1 12% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 100% 2 32% uninformativeLomandra filiformis 2 100% 1 12% positiveLomandra longifolia 1 100% 2 51% negativeMorinda jasminoides 1 100% 1 36% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 1 100% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 3 100% 2 22% positivePandorea pandorana subsp. pandorana 1 100% 1 12% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 100% 1 27% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 100% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 1 100% 1 5% uninformativePolymeria calycina 1 100% 1 4% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 100% 1 23% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 1 100% 1 14% uninformativePultenaea retusa 1 100% 2 6% uninformativePyrrosia rupestris 1 100% 2 3% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 100% 1 9% uninformativeSmilax australis 3 100% 1 44% positiveSmilax glyciphylla 1 100% 1 28% uninformativeThemeda australis 3 100% 3 24% positiveTrema tomentosa var. aspera 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeTricoryne elatior 1 100% 1 2% uninformativeViola banksii 2 100% 1 16% positiveWikstroemia indica 1 100% 1 1% uninformativeXerochrysum bracteatum 1 100% 2 1% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 277

CH_H08WALLUM BANKSIA - BLACK SHE-OAK SHRUBLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Wallum Banksia (Banksia aemula) – Black She-oak(Allocasuarina littoralis) Shrubland of Pleistocene dunesSTATEWIDE CLASS Heathlands – Coastal Wallum Heaths (Keith 2006)CH_H08PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Black She-oak – Wallum Banksia –Blueberry Ash dry heath on coastal sands, South Eastern QueenslandBioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-342)DescriptionA dry shrubland community that grows on well drained Pleistocene sand dunes of varying relief and slightlyraised and well-drained areas on sandplains. This community is best developed in the study area in YuraygirNational Park, where it occurs on large transgressive barrier dunes up to 20 metres in relief. The community isuncommon south of Corindi where it occurs as small isolated patches. Wallum Banksia (Banksia aemula), BlackShe-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis) and Blueberry Ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus) dominate the dense mid stratumlayer. A lower layer of shrubs including Prickly-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca nodosa) and Homoranthus virgatusmay also occur. Curly Wig (Caustis flexuosa), Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandra longifolia), Bracken Fern (Pteridiumesculentum) and Xanthosia pilosa are common in the ground layer.Page 278Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H08Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesMid 2-6 50 Banksia aemula, Allocasuarina littoralis, Elaeocarpus reticulatus.Lower 0.5-1.5 20 Melaleuca nodosa, Homoranthus virgatus.Ground 0 - 1 15 Caustis flexuosa, Lomandra longifolia, Pteridium esculentum, Xanthosiapilosa.* Strata information derived from only one sample site. The structure and floristics of this community is more variableacross the study area.Structural and floristic variationsExoticsSpecies richnessNumber of plots 1Total species 38Asparagus aethiopicus, Senna pendulaVaries from a heathland to a tall shrubland.Conservation statusThis community is reserved Coffs Coast Regional Park (2ha), Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (2ha),Yuraygir NationalPark (63ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 7Freehold 16National Park 87Nature Reserve 2Regional Park 2TOTAL 113Relationship to other communitiesRelated to four other communities including CH_FW05 (Coastal Wallum Paperbark Wet Shrubland), CH_FW06(Coastal Wallum Teatree Tall Wet Shrubland), CH_FW01 (Coastal Wallum Teatree - Banksia Wet Heathland) andCH_FW02 (Coastal Wallum Paperbark - Banksia - Grass Tree Wet Heathland). CH_H08 occurs in more well drainedpositions on Pleistocene sands.EquivalentsBiometric:Banksia dry shrubland on coastal sands of the North CoastOther: SG5502 Wet Heath/Shrubland (Fisher et al. 1996)LocationsHearns Lake, Coffs Regional Park; Aviation Drive. Also occurs between Corindi and Red Rock and the Station Creekarea in Yuraygir National Park.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 279


CH_H08Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia suaveolens 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeAcacia ulicifolia 1 100% 1 2% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 2 100% 3 9% positiveBanksia aemula 3 100% 3 2% positiveBillardiera scandens 1 100% 1 10% uninformativeCaustis flexuosa 2 100% 2 1% positiveDampiera stricta 1 100% 2 7% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 1 100% 1 9% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 2 100% 1 27% positiveEntolasia stricta 1 100% 2 25% uninformativeGahnia sieberiana 1 100% 2 6% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 1 100% 1 12% uninformativeHypolaena fastigiata 1 100% 1 1% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 1 100% 1 17% uninformativeLeptospermum liversidgei 1 100% 3 3% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 100% 1 12% uninformativeLeptospermum trinervium 1 100% 3 3% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 100% 1 19% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 100% 2 51% constantMarsdenia rostrata 1 100% 1 8% uninformativeMelaleuca nodosa 2 100% 3 3% positiveMicrantheum ericoides 1 100% 1 1% uninformativeMonotoca elliptica 1 100% 1 2% uninformativeNotelaea ovata 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeNotelaea venosa 1 100% 1 1% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 1 100% 2 12% uninformativePandorea pandorana subsp. 1 100% 1 12% uninformativepandoranaPanicum simile 1 100% 1 4% uninformativePatersonia sericea 1 100% 2 4% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 100% 1 18% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 1 100% 1 16% uninformativePomax umbellata 1 100% 1 6% uninformativePteridium esculentum 2 100% 2 32% positivePtilothrix deusta 1 100% 4 2% uninformativeSchizaea dichotoma 1 100% 1 1% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 100% 1 28% uninformativeXanthorrhoea fulva 1 100% 3 6% uninformativeXanthosia pilosa 1 100% 0 0% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 281

CH_H09PLATEAU TEA-TREE ROCK OUTCROP SHRUBLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME New England Tea-tree (Leptospermum novae-angliae) PLANT COMMUNITY TYPEopen shrubland on rocky outcrops of the Dorrigo EscarpmentSTATEWIDE CLASS Heathlands – Northern Montane Heaths (Keith 2006)No equivalentCH_H09DescriptionA shrubland in which New England Tea-tree (Leptospermum novae-angliae) dominates. Other shrubs presentinclude Phebalium elatius subsp. beckleri, Persoonia media and Pimelea linifolia. The ground layer containsLepidosperma urophorum, Lepidosperma elatius and Carex inversa.The community occurs on metasedimentary/felsic volcanic rock outcrops on steep upper slopes in exposedaspects on the Dorrigo Escarpment between 800 and 1000 metres above sea level. It is most prominent at MountMoombil and Mount Goobergooberyam in Dorrigo National Park.Page 282Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H09Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 3-6 80 Leptospermum novae-angliae, Acrotriche aggregata, Acacia melanoxylon.Middle 0.3-3 15 Leptospermum variable, Zieria southwellii, Phebalium elatius subsp. beckleri.Lower 0-0.5 20 Lepidosperma urophorum, Lepidosperma elatius, Carex inversa.* Data collated from 2 of 2 full floristic sitesExoticsSolanum mauritianumSpecies richnessNumber of plots 2Total species 42Average number of species 27 ±8.5Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Dorrigo National Park (14ha)TenureArea (ha)National Park 16TOTAL 16Threatened and Rare plants:Phebalium elatius subsp. beckleri (2EC)Relationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_H10 (Escarpment Tea-tree Rock Outcrop Shrubland).EquivalentsBiometric:No equivalentLocationsMount Moombil and Mount Goobergooberyam.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 283

CH_H09Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia melanoxylon 1 50% 2 18% uninformativeAcrotriche aggregata 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeAlyxia ruscifolia 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeCarex inversa 3 50% 1 0% positiveCissus hypoglauca 1 50% 1 38% uninformativeCoronidium elatum 1 50% 1 0% uninformativeDendrobium falcorostrum 1 50% 0 0% positiveDeyeuxia gunniana 1 50% 0 0% positiveDianella caerulea 1 50% 1 50% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 1 50% 1 5% uninformativeEpacris longiflora 1 50% 0 0% positiveGahnia clarkei 1 50% 2 14% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 50% 1 23% uninformativeGonocarpus oreophilus 1 100% 2 0% uninformativeGrammitis billardierei 1 50% 1 0% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 100% 1 31% uninformativeHistiopteris incisa 1 100% 2 1% uninformativeHydrocotyle peduncularis 1 100% 1 5% uninformativeHymenophyllum cupressiforme 1 50% 2 0% uninformativeLepidosperma elatius 3 100% 2 1% positiveLepidosperma urophorum 4 50% 0 0% positiveLeptospermum novae-angliae 6 100% 0 0% positiveLomandra longifolia 1 100% 2 51% negativeMyrsine howittiana 1 50% 1 2% uninformativeNotelaea sp. A 1 50% 2 0% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 1 50% 2 22% uninformativeParsonsia purpurascens 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 50% 1 27% uninformativePersoonia media 1 100% 2 7% uninformativePhebalium elatius subsp. beckleri 3 100% 0 0% positivePimelea linifolia 1 100% 1 9% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 50% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 50% 1 16% uninformativePlectranthus parviflorus 1 100% 1 2% uninformativePomaderris nitidula 1 50% 0 0% positivePsychotria loniceroides 1 50% 1 14% uninformativePyrrosia rupestris 1 50% 2 3% uninformativeRubus moluccanus var. moluccanus 1 100% 1 1% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 1 50% 2 4% uninformativeSarcochilus falcatus 1 50% 2 1% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 50% 1 27% uninformativeZieria southwellii 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 285

CH_H10ESCARPMENT TEA-TREE SHRUBLANDCH_H10SCIENTIFIC NAMEOrara EscarpmentTea-tree (Leptospermum petersonii) shrubland of thePLANT COMMUNITY TYPENo equivalentSTATEWIDE CLASS Heathlands – Northern Montane Heaths (Keith 2006)DescriptionA dry rock outcrop shrubland of steep escarpmentslopes with emergent Grey Gum (Eucalyptusbiturbinata) and Thick-leaved Mahogany (Eucalyptuscarnea). The lower layer consists of a shrubland ofLemon-scented Teatree (Leptospermum petersonii)over a dense cover of Kangaroo Grass (Themedaaustralis).This community is located in Bindarri National Parkand Orara West State Forest on very steep mid toupper dry exposed slopes on soils derived frommeta-sediments less than about 500 metres belowsea level.Page 286Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_H11TALL TEA-TREE – CRABAPPLE MONTANE CLOSED FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Tall Montane Tea-tree (Leptospermumpolygalifolium subsp. montanum) – Crabapple (Schizomeria ovata) closedforest of the Dorrigo EscarpmentSTATEWIDE CLASS Heathlands – Northern Montane Heaths (Keith2006)CH_H11PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Lemon-scented Tea-tree – Port JacksonPine – Grass Tree tall shrubland of steep rocky hills of the eastern Dorrigoplateau, NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-434 in part) Lilly Pilly– Tea-tree shrubland of trachyte outcrops in rainforest of the easternranges, NSW North Coast and South Eastern Queensland Bioregion(NSW40-31 in part)DescriptionA high altitude moist tall shrubland of Tantoon Tea-tree (Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. montanum) witha dense cover rainforest species such as Crabapple (Schizomeria ovata), Hill Kanuka (Tristaniopsis collina) andSassafras (Doryphora sassafras). Brush Box (Lophostemon confertus) is present. There is a sparse mid layer of BrushPepperbush (Tasmannia insipida) and Macleay Laurel (Anopterus macleayanus). A very sparse ground layer ofTripladenia cunninghamii and Lomandra spicata is present.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 289

CH_H11Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 15-30 60 Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. montanum, Schizomeria ovata,Doryphora sassasfras, Tristaniopsis collina.Middle 1-3 15 Tasmannia insipida.Lower 0-1 2 Tripladenia cunninghammii, Lomandra spicata.* Data collated from 1 of 1 full floristic site.Species richnessNumber of plots 1Total species 47Average number of speciesConservation statusThis community is reserved in Dorrigo National Park (1ha) within the Local Government AreaTenureArea (ha)Freehold 2National Park 3NSW State Forest 1TOTAL 6Threatened and Rare plants:Hakea ochropteraRelationship to other communitiesThe occurrences on the Dorrigo Escarpment have affinities with the adjoining warm temperate rainforestcommunities including CH_RF11 (Escarpment and Lowland Bangalow – Carabeen – Black Booyong - PalmGully Rainforest) and cool temperate rainforest including CH_RF02 (Plateau Beech Coachwood Cool TemperateRainforest)LocationsThis community is located in moist areas on upper slopes to mountain summits over 900 metres above sea levelon soils derived from metasediments around Mt Moombil in Dorrigo National Park.Page 290Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_H11Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 291

CH_H11Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameCoverabundanceAcmena smithii 1Acrotriche aggregata 1Alyxia ruscifolia 1Anopterus macleayanus 2Atractocarpus benthamianus 1Calamus muelleri 1Cephalaralia cephalobotrys 1Cinnamomum oliveri 1Cordyline stricta 1Cryptocarya meisnerana 2Dendrobium aemulum 1Dendrobium falcorostrum 1Dianella caerulea 1Diploglottis australis 1Doryphora sassafras 2Embelia australiana 1Geitonoplesium cymosum 1Gymnostachys anceps 1Hakea ochroptera 1Hibbertia scandens 1Lastreopsis decomposita 1Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp. montanum 3Linospadix monostachya 1Lomandra spicata 1Lophostemon confertus 2Morinda jasminoides 1Myrsine howittiana 1Notelaea sp. A 1Orites excelsus 1Palmeria scandens 1Parsonsia purpurascens 1Persoonia media 1Pittosporum multiflorum 1Pittosporum undulatum 1Polyosma cunninghamii 1Ripogonum discolor 1Ripogonum fawcettianum 1Sarcopteryx stipata 1Schizomeria ovata 4Stenocarpus salignus 1Synoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum 1Tasmannia insipida 2Tripladenia cunninghamii 1Tristaniopsis collina 2Triunia youngiana 1Trochocarpa laurina 1Wilkiea huegeliana 1Zieria southwellii 1*Community only represented by one site, fidelity not calculatedPage 292Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_FW01COASTAL WALLUM TEA-TREE – BANKSIAWET HEATHLAND SHRUBLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Coastal Wallum White’s Tea-tree (Leptospermumwhitei) – Olive Tea-tree (Leptospermum liversidgei) – Fern-leaved Banksia(Banksia oblongifolia) wet heathland to shrubland of coastal sandplainsSTATEWIDE CLASS Freshwater Wetlands – Coastal Heath Swamps(Keith 2006)CH_FW01PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Xanthorrhoea fulva - Olive Teatree -Sporadanthus interruptus wallum heath on sandy near-coastal areas,South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion(NSW700-605)DescriptionA heath or shrub land dominated by an open cover of White’s Tea-tree (Leptospermum whitei), Olive Tea-tree(Leptospermum liversidgei), Grass Tree (Xanthorrhoea fulva) and Fern-leaved Banksia (Banksia oblongifolia). A densecover of the sedge Sporadanthus interruptus is present in the lower layer, along with Red-fruit Saw Sedge (Gahniasieberiana). A diversity of sclerophyllous shrubs are present in the lower layer including Blunt-leaf Heath (Epacrisobtusifolia), Common Aotus (Aotus ericoides), Dog Rose (Bauera capitata) and Wallum Boronia (Boronia falcifolia).Devil’s Twine (Cassytha filiformis) is frequently encountered as tangles among the branches of shrubs. TheSpoon-leaved Sundew (Drosera spatulata) and Swamp Selaginella (Selaginella uliginosa) grow in the moist sandysoil. Other species indicative of this community include Branched Goodenia (Goodenia paniculata), Milkmaids(Burchardia umbellata), Milkwort (Comesperma defoliatum), Slender Twig Rush (Baumea gunnii) and Stackhousianuda. The community occurs in disjunct localities from the Eastern Peninsula Trail in Bongil Bongil National Parknorth to Station Creek in Yuraygir National Park. It is located in moderately waterlogged areas in freshwaterswamps on Pleistocene back barrier sands.Page 294Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW01Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 1 – 5 45 Leptospermum whitei, Leptospermum liversidgei.Middle 1 1 – 5 35 - 70 Leptospermum whitei, Leptospermum liversidgei, Xanthorrhoea fulva,Banksia oblongifolia.Lower 1 0.5 - 2 15 - 60 Epacris obtusifolia, Aotus ericoides, Bauera capitata, Boronia falcifolia,Cassytha filiformis, Sporadanthus interruptus, Gahnia sieberiana.Lower 2 0 – 0.5 15 - 70 Drosera spatulata, Selaginella uliginosa, Goodenia paniculata, Burchardiaumbellata, Comesperma defoliatum, Baumea gunnii, Stackhousia nuda.* Data collated from 6 of 6 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsIn Yuraygir National Park this community occurs as a variation with Prickly Tea-tree (Leptospermum juniperinum)and Olive Tea-tree (L. liversidgei) as dominates or co-dominates in the upper strata with a lower strata dominatedby Baumea teretifolia. These species are clearly recorded in the Fidel dataSpecies richnessNumber of plots 6Total species 54Average number of species 22 ±4Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (21ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (6ha), YuraygirNational Park (12ha) and Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (46ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 14Freehold 29National Park 31Nature Reserve 45Regional Park 6TOTAL 125Relationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_FW06 (Coastal Wallum Teatree Tall Wet Shrubland). The heathland shrubland structure anddominance of White’s Tea-tree (Leptospermum whitei) in the canopy and increased abundance of Olive Tea-tree(Leptospermum liversidgei) and Sporadanthus interruptus are key diagnostics for CH_FW01.EquivalentsBiometric:Other:(NR152) Coastal heath on sands of the North CoastnilLocationsEastern Peninsula Trail, Bongil Bongil National Park; Boambee Creek, Newport’s Creek; Airport Drive – CoffsHarbour; Christmas Bells Road; Moonee Beach Nature Reserve; Hearn’s Lake; Woolgoolga, Coffs Regional Park;Station Creek, Yuraygir National Park.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 295

CH_FW01Page 296Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW01Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia suaveolens 2 17% 1 3% uninformativeAdrastaea salicifolia 1 50% 1 0% uninformativeAotus ericoides 2 83% 2 0% positiveBaeckea frutescens 3 67% 2 2% positiveBaloskion tetraphyllum subsp.1 33% 2 3% uninformativemeiostachyumBanksia aemula 1 50% 3 2% uninformativeBanksia oblongifolia 3 100% 3 8% positiveBauera capitata 3 67% 2 0% positiveBaumea muelleri 1 83% 1 1% uninformativeBoronia falcifolia 1 67% 1 1% uninformativeBurchardia umbellata 2 67% 1 2% positiveCaesia parviflora 1 17% 1 1% uninformativeCallistemon pachyphyllus 1 17% 2 3% uninformativeCassytha filiformis 1 83% 1 2% uninformativeCassytha glabella f. glabella 1 17% 1 5% uninformativeCassytha racemosa 1 17% 1 1% uninformativeCaustis flexuosa 1 17% 2 1% uninformativeCaustis recurvata 1 17% 3 0% uninformativeComesperma defoliatum 2 33% 1 0% uninformativeCryptostylis erecta 1 17% 2 1% uninformativeDampiera stricta 2 17% 2 7% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 17% 1 51% uninformativeDrosera spatulata 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeEpacris obtusifolia 2 83% 1 1% positiveEucalyptus grandis 1 17% 3 17% uninformativeEurychorda complanata 1 17% 2 1% uninformativeGahnia sieberiana 2 83% 2 5% positiveGoodenia paniculata 1 67% 1 1% uninformativeLeptospermum liversidgei 3 100% 3 2% positiveLeptospermum polygalifolium 2 17% 1 12% uninformativeLeptospermum whitei 4 83% 2 1% positiveLeucopogon juniperinus 2 33% 1 2% uninformativeLeucopogon margarodes 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 17% 2 52% negativeMelaleuca nodosa 1 17% 3 3% uninformativeMelaleuca sieberi 1 17% 3 4% uninformativeMicrantheum ericoides 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeMitrasacme polymorpha 2 33% 2 1% uninformativeMonotoca elliptica 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeOlax stricta 1 17% 1 0% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 17% 1 18% uninformativePimelea linifolia 1 50% 1 9% uninformativeRicinocarpos pinifolius 1 17% 1 2% uninformativeSchizaea bifida 1 17% 1 2% uninformativeSelaginella uliginosa 2 83% 1 3% positiveSmilax glyciphylla 1 17% 1 29% uninformativeSporadanthus interruptus 4 100% 3 2% positiveSprengelia sprengelioides 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeStackhousia nuda 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeTrachymene incisa subsp. incisa 1 17% 2 2% uninformativeUtricularia uniflora 1 50% 0 0% positiveWoollsia pungens 1 17% 0 0% positiveXanthorrhoea fulva 4 100% 3 5% positiveXyris gracilis 1 17% 1 1% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 297

CH_FW02COASTAL WALLUM PAPERBARK - BANKSIA - GRASS TREEWET HEATHLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Prickly-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca nodosa)– Fern-leaved Banksia (Banksia oblongifolia) – Swamp Grass Tree(Xanthorrhoea fulva) wet Heathland of coastal sandplainsSTATEWIDE CLASS Freshwater Wetlands – Coastal Heath Swamps(Keith 2006)CH_FW02PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Prickly-leaved Paperbark - Hakea actites- Zig-zag Bog-rush graminoid shrubland of low hills and plains, SouthEastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW70-22)DescriptionLow to mid-high open to closed heath or shrubland occurring on unconsolidated backbarrier sand depositsin moderately wet sandy soils. There is rarely an emergent cover of scattered low trees of Pink Bloodwood(Corymbia intermedia), Needlebark Stringybark (Eucalyptus planchoniana) or Red Mahogany (Eucalyptus resiniferasubsp. hemilampra). The shrub layer is dense and diverse, with characteristic frequent species including PricklyleavedPaperbark (Melaleuca nodosa), Mullaway Needle Bush (Hakea actites), Tantoon Tea-tree (Leptospermumpolygalifolium), Sieber’s Paperbark (Melaleuca sieberi), Fern-leaved Banksia (Banksia oblongifolia), Hairpin Banksia(Banksia spinulosa var. collina), Pultenaea myrtoides and Hairy Bush-pea (Pultenaea villosa). The ground layer isopen to mid-dense and comprises a mix of Graminoid and Forb species including Zig-zag Bog-rush (Schoenusbrevifolius), Wiry Panic (Entolasia stricta), Horned Sedge (Ptilothrix deusta), Creeping Raspwort (Gonocarpusmicranthus), Daisy-leaved Goodenia (Goodenia bellidifolia subsp. bellidifolia) and Swamp Grass Tree (Xanthorrhoeafulva). This community is located north of Moonee Creek and is best developed on the coastal sandplains fromCorindi to Station Creek in Yuraygir National Park and adjoining freehold land. There is an isolated occurrence onthe Red Range Road.Page 298Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW02Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesEmergent 8 – 20(estimate)5 – 15(estimate)Corymbia intermedia, Eucalyptus planchoniana, Eucalyptus resinifera subsp.hemilampra.Middle 1 - 5 35 - 70 Melaleuca nodosa, Hakea actites, Leptospermum polygalifolium, Melaleucasieberi, Banksia oblongifolia, Banksia spinulosa var. collina.Lower 1 0.2 - 2 15 - 60 Pultenaea myrtoides, Pultenaea villosa, Xanthorrhoea fulva.Lower 2 0 – 0.5 15 - 70 Schoenus brevifolius, Entolasia stricta, Ptilothrix deusta, Gonocarpusmicranthus, Goodenia bellidifolia subsp. bellidifolia.* Data collated from 6 of 7 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThis community sometimes occurs with a sparse emergent overstorey of low trees of Pink Bloodwood (Corymbiaintermedia), Needlebark Stringybark (Eucalyptus planchoniana) or Red Mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera subsp.hemilampra).Species richnessNumber of plots 7Total species 106Average number of species 39 ±7Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Coffs Coast Regional Park (1ha), Yuraygir National Park (128ha) and Moonee BeachNature Reserve (15ha). This community is threatened on freehold land by vegetation clearing on the Coast Range,Sherwood Plateau.TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 17Freehold 104National Park 132Nature Reserve 35Regional Park 1TOTAL 290Relationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_FW03 (Coastal Wallum Slender Twine Rush Sedgeland). CH_FW03 occurs in deeper and wetterswamps than CH_FW02. CH_FW02 shares many species in common with CH_FW05 (Coastal Wallum PaperbarkWet Shrubland). CH_FW05 also has a dominance of Prickly-leaved Melaleuca (Melaleuca nodosa) and a lower coverof Sieber’s Paperbark (Melaleuca sieberi) and Mullaway Needlebush (Hakea actites).EquivalentsBiometric:(NR152) Coastal heath on sands of the North CoastOther: SG5502 Wet Heath/Shrubland (Fisher et al. 1996)Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 299

CH_FW02LocationsMoonee Beach Nature Reserve; Emerald Beach; Woolgoolga; Corindi – Red Rock; Corindi River, Cabbage TreeCreek Yuraygir National Park; Red Range.Page 300Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW02Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longifolia 1 14% 1 6% uninformativeAcacia suaveolens 1 57% 1 2% uninformativeAcacia ulicifolia 1 43% 1 2% uninformativeAdrastaea salicifolia 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeAgiortia pedicellata 1 14% 0 0% positiveAotus ericoides 2 14% 2 1% uninformativeBaeckea frutescens 2 71% 2 2% positiveBaeckea imbricata 2 29% 0 0% positiveBanksia aemula 3 57% 2 2% positiveBanksia oblongifolia 3 100% 3 8% positiveBauera capitata 2 29% 3 1% uninformativeBaumea muelleri 1 43% 1 1% uninformativeBaumea teretifolia 1 14% 0 0% positiveBillardiera scandens 1 14% 1 10% uninformativeBlandfordia grandiflora 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeBoronia falcifolia 1 57% 1 1% uninformativeBoronia safrolifera 3 14% 3 0% uninformativeBossiaea ensata 1 29% 0 0% positiveBurchardia umbellata 1 57% 1 2% uninformativeCaesia parviflora 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeCallistemon pachyphyllus 2 86% 2 2% positiveCassytha glabella f. glabella 1 71% 1 4% uninformativeCassytha pubescens 2 14% 1 2% uninformativeCassytha racemosa 1 29% 1 1% uninformativeCaustis recurvata var. recurvata 3 29% 2 0% uninformativeConospermum taxifolium 2 14% 0 0% positiveCorymbia intermedia 1 14% 2 21% uninformativeDampiera stricta 2 86% 2 6% positiveDampiera sylvestris 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 43% 1 50% uninformativeDillwynia floribunda 3 57% 0 0% positiveDillwynia glaberrima 1 14% 0 0% positiveDillwynia retorta 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeDrosera auriculata 2 43% 1 0% uninformativeDrosera spatulata 1 29% 2 1% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 1 14% 1 27% uninformativeEmpodisma minus 3 29% 2 0% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 1 29% 2 25% uninformativeEpacris obtusifolia 1 57% 2 2% uninformativeEpacris pulchella 2 57% 2 3% positiveEragrostis brownii 1 14% 2 0% uninformativeEriachne glabrata 3 29% 4 0% uninformativeEucalyptus robusta 1 14% 2 7% uninformativeEurychorda complanata 2 43% 1 0% uninformativeGahnia sieberiana 1 14% 2 6% uninformativeGompholobium pinnatum 1 86% 1 3% uninformativeGonocarpus micranthus 1 43% 2 1% uninformativeHaemodorum planifolium 1 14% 1 0% uninformativeHakea actites 3 14% 4 1% uninformativeHibbertia fasciculata 1 14% 0 0% positiveHibbertia vestita 3 86% 1 11% positiveHypolaena fastigiata 2 29% 1 1% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 301

CH_FW02Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classIschaemum australe 2 14% 2 1% uninformativeKunzea capitata 2 71% 0 0% positiveLaxmannia gracilis 1 14% 3 0% uninformativeLepidosperma laterale 1 14% 1 17% uninformativeLeptocarpus tenax 2 86% 4 1% positiveLeptomeria acida 1 29% 2 2% uninformativeLeptospermum juniperinum 1 43% 2 1% uninformativeLeptospermum liversidgei 3 57% 3 2% positiveLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 86% 1 11% uninformativeLeptospermum semibaccatum 1 14% 2 0% uninformativeLepyrodia scariosa 3 14% 4 0% uninformativeLepyrodia sp. A 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 29% 1 19% uninformativeLeucopogon leptospermoides 2 43% 1 0% uninformativeLindsaea linearis 2 14% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 14% 2 52% negativeLycopodium deuterodensum 1 14% 4 0% uninformativeMelaleuca nodosa 3 100% 3 2% positiveMelaleuca sieberi 3 14% 3 4% uninformativeMelaleuca thymifolia 2 29% 1 1% uninformativeMicrantheum ericoides 1 29% 1 1% uninformativeMirbelia rubiifolia 1 14% 2 1% uninformativeMitrasacme paludosa 1 14% 2 0% uninformativeMitrasacme polymorpha 2 57% 2 0% positiveMonotoca elliptica 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeMonotoca scoparia 2 29% 1 2% uninformativeOlax stricta 1 14% 1 0% uninformativePanicum simile 1 29% 1 4% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 14% 1 28% uninformativePatersonia glabrata 2 14% 2 5% uninformativePersoonia levis 1 14% 2 2% uninformativePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 43% 1 18% uninformativePersoonia virgata 1 43% 1 0% uninformativePhyllota phylicoides 1 14% 4 1% uninformativePimelea linifolia 2 100% 1 8% positivePlatysace ericoides 2 86% 0 0% positivePtilothrix deusta 1 14% 4 2% uninformativePultenaea myrtoides 2 14% 3 1% uninformativePultenaea rostrata 1 14% 3 0% uninformativePultenaea villosa 1 14% 2 6% uninformativeRicinocarpos pinifolius 1 86% 3 0% uninformativeSchizaea dichotoma 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeSchoenus brevifolius 2 14% 2 1% uninformativeSchoenus paludosus 3 14% 0 0% positiveSelaginella uliginosa 2 71% 1 3% positiveSporadanthus interruptus 3 71% 3 2% positiveSprengelia sprengelioides 1 57% 1 1% uninformativeStackhousia nuda 1 43% 2 1% uninformativeStyphelia viridis 1 29% 1 1% uninformativeThemeda australis 3 29% 3 24% uninformativeTrachymene incisa subsp. incisa 1 100% 2 1% uninformativeXanthorrhoea fulva 3 86% 3 5% positiveXyris gracilis 1 57% 1 1% uninformativeXyris operculata 1 14% 0 0% positivePage 302Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW03COASTAL WALLUM SLENDER TWINE RUSH SEDGELANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Slender Twine Rush (Leptocarpus tenax) WallumSedgeland of coastal sandplainsSTATEWIDE CLASS Freshwater Wetlands – Coastal Heath Swamps(Keith 2006)CH_FW03PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Slender Twine-rush – Pale Cord-rushSedgeland of North Coast Wallum Swamps, South Eastern QueenslandBioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW888-11)DescriptionA dense segdeland dominated by Slender Twine Rush (Leptocarpus tenax), with a sparse emergent layer of BroadleavedPaperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia). A sparse mid layer of Grass Tree (Xanthorrhoea fulva), Fern-leavedBanksia (Banksia oblongifolia) and Wallum bottlebrush (Callistemon pachyphyllus) is sometimes present. Othershrubs and herbs characteristic of very wet habitats are present, and these include Yellow-eye (Xyris gracilis),Leafless Globe-pea (Sphaerolobium vimineum), Bladderwort (Utricularia australis) and Milkmaids (Burchardiaumbellata). This community is found in very wet areas on sandy coastal backbarrier flats and is restricted in areabetween Corindi and Red Rock in the study area.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 303

CH_FW03Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesEmergent 0.5-3 5 Melaleuca quinquenervia, Banksia oblongifolia.Mid layer 0-1 30 Xanthorrhoea fulva, Callistemon pachyphyllus.Ground 0-0.5 75-100 Leptocarpus tenax, Xyris gracilis.* Data collated from 2 of 2 full floristic sitesSpecies richnessNumber of plots 2Total species 21Average Number of Species 13 ±0.7Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Yuraygir National Park (14ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 4Freehold 15National Park 14TOTAL 33Relationship to other communitiesAdjoins community CH_FW02 (Coastal Wallum Paperbark - Banksia - Grass Tree Wet Heathland) which is the wetheath variant of this community. CH_FW03 also occurs in deeper and wetter swamps than CH_FW02. CH_FW03is also related to CH_FW04 (Coastal Wallum Baumea Sedgeland), which is also a wallum sedgeland but is insteaddominated by Baumea rubiginosa.EquivalentsBiometric: (NR276) Wallum sedgeland and rushland of near coastal lowlands of the North Coast.Other:SG6402 Sedgeland / Rushland Complex (Fisher et al. 1996); Community No. 11: Leptocarpustenax– Baloskion pallens sedgeland (Griffith et al. 2007)LocationsOn the coastal fringe between Corindi and Red Rock.Page 304Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW03Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 305

CH_FW03Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longifolia 2 50% 1 6% positiveBanksia oblongifolia 2 50% 3 9% positiveBurchardia umbellata 1 50% 1 2% uninformativeCaesia parviflora 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeCallistemon pachyphyllus 3 100% 2 3% positiveEpaltes australis 1 50% 2 0% uninformativeHaemodorum planifolium 1 50% 1 0% uninformativeHakea eriantha 2 50% 0 0% positiveHibbertia vestita 1 50% 1 12% uninformativeLeptocarpus tenax 5 100% 2 2% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 2 100% 2 12% positiveMelaleuca thymifolia 2 50% 1 1% positivePimelea linifolia 1 50% 1 9% uninformativePultenaea villosa 1 50% 2 6% uninformativeSelaginella uliginosa 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeSphaerolobium vimineum 1 50% 0 0% positiveThemeda australis 2 50% 3 24% positiveUtricularia australis 2 50% 0 0% positiveXanthorrhoea fulva 4 100% 3 6% positiveXyris gracilis 2 50% 1 1% positivePage 306Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW04COASTAL WALLUM BAUMEA SEDGELANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Soft Twig Rush (Baumea rubiginosa) – Bristle Rush(Chorizandra) – Scale Rush (Lepyrodia scariosa) wallum sedgelandSTATEWIDE CLASS Freshwater Wetlands – Coastal Heath Swamps(Keith 2006)CH_FW04PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Soft Twig Rush - Swamp Water Fern- Common Reed swamp and marshland on coastal sand and alluvialfloodplain, NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW1000-1950)DescriptionA wallum sedgeland characterised by Baumea rubiginosa, Roundhead Bristle-sedge (Chorizandra sphaerocephala)and Lepyrodia scariosa sometimes with emergent Wallum Bottlebrush (Callistemon pachyphyllus) and BroadleavedPaperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 307

CH_FW04Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesEmergent 2-4 15 Callistemon pachyphyllus, Melaleuca quinquenervia.Ground 0-1.8 80 Baumea rubiginosa, Chorizandra sphaerocephala, Lepyrodiascariosa, Leptocarpus tenax, Philydrum lanuginosum.* Data collated from 2 of 2 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsSometimes a dense shrub layer of Wallum Bottlebrush (Callistemon pachyphyllus) forms over the top of a densesedgeland layer.Species richnessNumber of plots 2Total species 17Average number of species 10 ±2.1Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Coffs Coast Regional Park (1ha), Garby Nature Reserve (2ha) and Yuraygir NationalPark (9ha)TenureArea (ha)Freehold 1National Park 1Nature Reserve 2TOTAL 5Relationship to other communitiesRelated to several wet wallum sedgeland communities including CH_FW03 (Coastal Wallum Baumea Sedgeland),and CH_FW07 (Jointed Twig Rush Freshwater Wetland). It adjoins the wet shrubland community CH_FW02(Coastal Wallum Paperbark Banksia Grass Tree Wet Heathland).EquivalentsBiometric:(NR276) Wallum sedgeland and rushland of near coastal lowlands of the North CoastOther: Community No. 1: Baumea rubiginosa sedgeland (Griffith et al. 2003)LocationsAirport Drive; Garby Nature Reserve; Yuraygir National Park.Page 308Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW04Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 309

CH_FW04Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classBaumea rubiginosa 4 100% 3 1% positiveCallistemon pachyphyllus 5 100% 2 3% positiveCassytha glabella f. glabella 1 50% 1 4% uninformativeChorizandra sphaerocephala 4 50% 0 0% positiveDendrophthoe vitellina 1 50% 0 0% positiveGonocarpus teucrioides 1 50% 1 1% uninformativeHemarthria uncinata 3 50% 4 1% positiveIschaemum australe 3 50% 2 1% positiveLepidosperma quadrangulatum 4 50% 1 0% positiveLeptocarpus tenax 2 50% 3 2% positiveLepyrodia scariosa 4 50% 3 0% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 2 50% 2 12% positiveMelaleuca squamea 1 50% 1 0% uninformativePaspalum orbiculare 2 50% 2 0% positivePhilydrum lanuginosum 3 50% 1 1% positiveSchoenus melanostachys 1 50% 3 1% uninformativeVillarsia exaltata 3 50% 2 0% positivePage 310Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW05COASTAL WALLUM PAPERBARK WET SHRUBLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Sieber’s Paperbark (Melaleuca sieberi) – PricklyleavedPaperbark (Melaleuca nodosa) – Wallum Heathland to tallshrubland of coastal sandplainsSTATEWIDE CLASS Freshwater Wetlands – Coastal Heath Swamps(Keith 2006)CH_FW05PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Swamp Mahogany – Sieber’s Paperbark(Melaleuca sieberi) shrub/sedge swamp forest on low lying sandy areas,South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion(NSW700-334)DescriptionA very tall heathland to shrubland dominated by Sieber’s Paperbark (Melaleuca sieberi), Mullaway Needle Bush(Hakea actites), Prickly-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca nodosa) and Black She-oak (Allocasuarina littoralis). There issometimes emergent Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) or Swamp Box (Lophostemon suaveolens). A midstratum of smaller shrubs is present including Hairpin Banksia (Banksia spinulosa var. collina), Fern-leaved Banksia(Banksia oblongifolia), Notelaea ovata, Wallum Bottlebrush (Callistemon pachyphyllus), Pultenaea villosa, PricklyleavedPaperbark and Mullaway Needle Bush. The ground layer comprised Swamp Grass Tree (Xanthorrhoea fulva),Rice Flower (Pimelea linifolia), Epacris microphylla, Coral Fern (Gleichenia dicarpa) and Sieber’s Paperbark. SpoonleavedSun Dew (Drosera spatulata) sometimes occurs as a sparse ground layer.This community occurs on moderately waterlogged sandy soils on coastal wallum sand in separate localitieswithin Bongil Bongil National Park, near Coffs Harbour Airport, Moonee Beach Nature Reserve, Arrawarra and alsoin Yuraygir National ParkVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 311

CH_FW05Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover % Dominant SpeciesTallest 2 – 5 10 - 50 Melaleuca sieberi, Melaleuca nodosa, Allocasuarina littoralis,Lophostemon suaveolens.Middle 0.6 – 2 40 - 70 Hakea actites, Banksia spinulosa var collina, Gahnia sieberiana,Pultenaea villosa.Lower 0.01 - .6 60 - 100 Ptilothrix deusta, Drosera spatulata, Xanthorrhoea fulva.* Data collated form 3 of 3 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsMullaway Needle Bush (Hakea actites) is a dominant shrub in unburnt heath and shrublands at Moonee BeachNature Reserve and Garby Nature Reserve. Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis) may be abundant in areas wherethis community grades into clay heath. Structurally, this community can vary from a heathland or a shrubland toan open woodland or forest. Some of the polygons for this community map areas of open forest.Species richnessNumber of plots 3Total species 18Average number of species 26 ±12Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (9ha) Coffs Coast Regional Park (7ha), Garby NatureReserve (17ha), Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (34ha) and Yuraygir National Park (45ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 3Freehold 39National Park 54Nature Reserve 30NSW State Forest 12Regional Park 7TOTAL 145Relationship to other communitiesSome polygons contain a mix of CH_FW05 and CH_FrW09 (Coastal Wallum Swamp Mahogany Sieber’s PaperbarkForest). CH_FrW09 is floristically very similar to CH_FW05 and was mapped to delineate areas of woodlandto open forest overstorey of Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) or Red Mahogany (E. resinifera subsp.hemilampra) whereas CH_FW05 was mapped to delineate shrubland to heathland areas. CH_FW05 shares manyspecies in common with CH_FW02 (Coastal Wallum Paperbark Banksia Grass Tree Wet Heathland), but CH_FW05differs in having a co-dominance of Sieber’s Paperbark (Melaleuca sieberi), Mullaway Needlebush (Hakea actites)and Prickly-leaved Melaleuca (Melaleuca nodosa).EquivalentsBiometric:(NR278) Wet heathland and shrubland of coastal lowlands of the North CoastOther: SG5502 Wet Heath/Shrubland (Fisher et al. 1996)Page 312Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW05LocationsBongil Bongil National Park; Airport Drive – Coffs Harbour, Arrawarra Beach Road – Arrawarra, Station Creek –Yuraygir National Park.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 313

CH_FW05Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAllocasuarina littoralis 3 33% 3 9% uninformativeAristida warburgii 2 33% 2 1% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 1 33% 1 8% uninformativeBanksia oblongifolia 3 100% 3 8% positiveBanksia spinulosa var. collina 3 67% 2 5% positiveBaumea juncea 4 67% 3 4% positiveBillardiera scandens 2 33% 1 10% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 2 33% 2 38% uninformativeBurchardia umbellata 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeCaesia parviflora 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeCallistemon pachyphyllus 2 100% 2 3% positiveCassytha glabella f. glabella 2 67% 1 4% positiveCassytha pubescens 2 33% 1 2% uninformativeCasuarina glauca 1 33% 3 7% uninformativeDampiera stricta 2 33% 2 7% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 2 67% 1 9% positiveDodonaea viscosa 2 33% 0 0% positiveDrosera auriculata 1 33% 2 1% uninformativeDrosera spatulata 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeEpacris microphylla 2 67% 1 1% positiveEpacris obtusifolia 1 33% 2 2% uninformativeEucalyptus robusta 2 33% 2 7% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 2 33% 2 14% uninformativeGahnia sieberiana 2 33% 2 6% uninformativeGleichenia dicarpa 3 33% 1 0% uninformativeGompholobium pinnatum 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeGonocarpus micranthus 2 33% 2 2% uninformativeGonocarpus tetragynus 2 33% 1 4% uninformativeHakea actites 5 67% 4 1% positiveHibbertia aspera 1 33% 1 10% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 2 67% 1 11% positiveHovea linearis 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeHovea longifolia 1 33% 2 0% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 2 33% 2 32% uninformativeLeptocarpus tenax 4 33% 2 2% uninformativeLeptomeria acida 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 2 33% 1 12% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 33% 1 19% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 33% 2 52% negativeLophostemon suaveolens 2 33% 2 9% uninformativeMelaleuca nodosa 4 67% 3 3% positiveMelaleuca quinquenervia 2 33% 2 12% uninformativeMelaleuca sieberi 4 100% 3 4% positiveMelaleuca thymifolia 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeMirbelia rubiifolia 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeNotelaea ovata 2 67% 1 3% positiveOlax stricta 1 33% 1 0% uninformativePage 314Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW05CH_FW05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classPersoonia stradbrokensis 1 33% 1 18% uninformativePersoonia virgata 1 33% 1 1% uninformativePhyllota phylicoides 3 33% 4 1% uninformativePimelea linifolia 2 67% 1 9% positivePteridium esculentum 3 33% 2 32% uninformativePtilothrix deusta 4 33% 3 2% uninformativePultenaea retusa 2 33% 1 6% uninformativePultenaea villosa 3 67% 2 5% positiveSchoenus brevifolius 3 33% 2 1% uninformativeSprengelia sprengelioides 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeThemeda australis 3 33% 3 24% uninformativeXanthorrhoea fulva 3 67% 3 6% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 315

CH_FW06COASTAL WALLUM TEA-TREE TALL WET SHRUBLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Tantoon Tea-tree (Leptospermum polygalifolium)– White’s Tea-tree (Leptospermum whitei ) tall shrubland of coastalsandplainsSTATEWIDE CLASS Freshwater Wetlands – Coastal Heath Swamps(Keith 2006)CH_FW06PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Tea-tree Tall shrubland of coastalfreshwater sand swamps of the NSW North Coast and South EasternQueensland bioregions (NSW70-64)DescriptionA very tall shrubland or an open forest dominated by Tantoon Tea-tree (Leptospermum polygalifolium subsp.cismontanum), White’s Tea-tree (Leptospermum whitei), Satinwood (Nematolepis squamea subsp. squamea),Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) and Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus signata). A mid stratum is often presentalso including Satinwood (Nematolepis squamea subsp. squamea), and White’s Tea-tree (Leptospermum whitei). Alower layer of shrubs also occurs, with Pearl Beard Heath (Leucopogon margarodes) Blueberry Ash (Elaeocarpusreticulatus) and Lance Beard-heath (Leucopogon lanceolatus) present. A second lower layer is characterised bySaw Sedge (Gahnia sieberiana), Tassel Rush (Baloskion tetraphyllum subsp. meiostachyum), Swamp Grass Tree(Xanthorrhoea fulva) and Curly Wig (Caustis recurvata). This community occurs on the outer edge of coastal heathfreshwater swamps which are less-waterlogged. It has a localised distribution in the study area between BongilBongil National Park and Coffs Harbour.Page 316Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW06Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesEmergent 8 – 22 20 – 25 Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus signata.Middle 2 - 8 45 - 55 Leptospermum polygalifolium, Leptospermum whitei.Lower 1 1 - 5 30 - 60 Nematolepis squamea subsp. squamea, Elaeocarpus reticulatus, Gahnia clarkei,Leucopogon lanceolatus, Leucopogon margarodes, Gahnia sieberiana.Lower 2 0 - 1 10 - 30 Baloskion tetraphyllum subsp. meiostachyum, Xanthorrhoea fulva, Caustis recurvata.* Data collated from 3 of 3 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThis community varies from a tall open forest to shrubland and grades into a more open heathland as moistureincreases. It also grades into CH_FrW06 – Coastal Wallum Swamp Mahogany – Paperbark - Satinwood Forest withdecreasing soil moisture.Species richnessNumber of plots 3Total species 37Average number of species 20 ±0.6Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (4ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 14Freehold 22National Park 4Total 39Relationship to other communitiesThis community is related to other wallum forested wetlands and shrubland communities, including CH_FrW06(Coastal Wallum Swamp Mahogany - Paperbark - Satinwood Forest) and CH_FW01 (Coastal Wallum Teatree -Banksia Wet Heathland Shrubland)EquivalentsBiometric:(NR278) Wet heathland and shrubland of coastal lowlands of the North CoastOther:SG6003 - Leptospermum juniperinum mid-high to tall heathland and closedheathland and 6004 - (Xanthorrhoea fulva mid-high closed heathland (Griffith and Wilson, 2007) Community 9-Tantoon Tea-tree Shrublands (Cameron et al. 2011)LocationsEastern Peninsula Trail, Bongil Bongil National Park; Boambee Creek, Newport’s Creek; Airport Drive – CoffsHarbour; Christmas Bells Road; Hogbin Drive, Coffs Harbour.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 317


CH_FW06Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia ulicifolia 1 67% 1 2% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 33% 1 26% uninformativeAmperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada 1 33% 0 0% positiveBaeckea frutescens 1 67% 2 3% uninformativeBaloskion tetraphyllum subsp.3 100% 1 3% positivemeiostachyumBanksia aemula 2 33% 3 2% uninformativeBanksia oblongifolia 1 33% 3 9% uninformativeBlechnum indicum 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 1 33% 2 17% uninformativeCassytha filiformis 2 33% 1 3% uninformativeCaustis recurvata 3 33% 1 0% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 2 67% 1 27% positiveEndiandra sieberi 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeEucalyptus pilularis 1 33% 3 27% uninformativeEucalyptus robusta 2 100% 2 6% positiveEucalyptus signata 3 33% 3 2% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 4 33% 2 14% uninformativeGahnia sieberiana 3 67% 2 6% positiveGoodenia paniculata 2 33% 1 2% uninformativeHypolaena fastigiata 2 33% 1 1% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 3 100% 1 12% positiveLeptospermum trinervium 3 33% 3 3% uninformativeLeptospermum whitei 4 67% 4 2% positiveLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 100% 1 19% uninformativeLeucopogon margarodes 3 67% 1 3% positiveLivistona australis 1 33% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMitrasacme paludosa 2 33% 1 0% uninformativeNematolepis squamea subsp.2 100% 2 1% positivesquameaOxylobium robustum 2 67% 2 1% positivePatersonia fragilis 1 33% 2 0% uninformativePimelea linifolia 1 67% 1 9% uninformativePteridium esculentum 1 67% 2 32% uninformativeSelaginella uliginosa 1 33% 1 3% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 2 67% 1 28% positiveSporadanthus interruptus 1 33% 3 3% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 1 33% 3 39% uninformativeXanthorrhoea fulva 2 100% 3 6% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 319

CH_FW07COASTAL JOINTED TWIG RUSH FRESHWATER WETLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Coastal Jointed Twig Rush (Baumea articulata)Freshwater WetlandSTATEWIDE CLASS Freshwater Wetlands – Coastal Freshwater Lagoons(Keith 2006)CH_FW07PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Giant Sedge sedgeland of frequentlyinundated areas of sandy alluvium of the lower and mid north coasts,South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion(NSW700-643)DescriptionA freshwater wetland of coastal lagoons with permanently inundated deep standing water, occurring adjacent toHolocene dunes. At times there is a sparse emergent layer of Broad-leaved Paper-bark (Melaleuca quinquenervia).The dominant sedge is Jointed Twig Rush (Baumea articulata) that grows over two metres high. Other sedges mayinclude Baumea rubiginosa, Spike - rushes (Eleocharis spp.) and Giant Sedge (Lepironia articulata). There may be alower layer of Carex gaudichaudiana and Enydra fluctuans particularly if standing water is present.Page 320Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW07Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesEmergent 2 - 5 10 Melaleuca quinquenervia.Lower 1 1 - 3 40 - 65 Baumea articulata, Baumea rubiginosa, Schoenus melanostachys,Blechnum indicum.Lower 2 0 – 0.5 15 Carex gaudichaudiana, Enydra fluctuans.* Data collated from 2 of 2 full floristic sitesExoticsBaccharis halimifolia, Cinnamomum camphora, Ochna serrulata, Schefflera actinophylla,Paspalum mandiocanumSpecies richnessNumber of plots 2Total species 24Average number of species 15 ±10Conservation statusCoffs Coast Regional Park (1ha), Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (4ha), Yuraygir National Park (16ha)TenureArea (ha)Freehold 5National Park 17Nature Reserve 4Regional Park 1TOTAL 27Endangered Ecological Community: Freshwater Wetlands on Coastal Floodplains of the NSW North Coast,Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions EECRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_FrW04 (Coastal Paperbark Sedgeland Dominated Forest). CH_FW07 is distinguished by havinga simple floristic composition dominated by Jointed Twig Rush (Baumea articulata) with Eleocharis acuta,whereas CH_FrW04 has a canopy of Broadleaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) and/or Sieber’s Paperbark(Melaleuca sieberi) with a more complex ground layer.EquivalentsBiometric:Other:(NR150) Coastal freshwater meadows and forblands of lagoons and wetlandsnilLocationsNorth of Red Rock in Yuraygir National Park, Behind Dunes of Fidderman’s Beach in Moonee Beach Nature ReserveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 321


CH_FW07Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classBaumea articulata 4 100% 2 2% positiveBaumea rubiginosa 3 100% 4 1% positiveBlechnum indicum 4 100% 1 2% positiveCarex appressa 2 50% 2 1% positiveCarex gaudichaudiana 2 50% 0 0% positiveDianella caerulea 1 50% 1 50% uninformativeEnydra fluctuans 3 50% 0 0% positiveFicus coronata 1 50% 1 13% uninformativeGoodenia paniculata 1 50% 1 2% uninformativeHypolepis muelleri 1 50% 1 3% uninformativeLobelia anceps 1 50% 1 5% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 100% 2 51% negativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 4 100% 2 12% positiveOplismenus aemulus 1 50% 2 12% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 1 50% 2 22% uninformativeOttochloa gracillima 1 50% 2 10% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 2 50% 1 27% positivePersicaria decipiens 2 50% 0 0% positivePersicaria strigosa 2 100% 1 0% positivePhilydrum lanuginosum 1 50% 1 1% uninformativePhragmites australis 1 50% 2 1% uninformativeSchoenus melanostachys 4 50% 2 1% positiveVillarsia exaltata 1 50% 3 0% uninformativeViola banksii 1 50% 1 16% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 323

CH_FW08COASTAL FRESHWATER WETLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Spike Rush (Eleocharis sphacelata, Eleocharis acuta)– Broadleaf Cumbungi (Typha orientalis) Freshwater WetlandSTATEWIDE CLASS Freshwater Wetlands – Coastal Freshwater Lagoons(Keith 2006)CH_FW08PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Lagoon forbland of permanent wetlandson the coastal floodplains, South Eastern Queensland Bioregion andNSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW500-3). Giant Sedge sedgeland offrequently inundated areas of sandy alluvium of the lower and midnorth coasts, South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSW North CoastBioregion (NSW700-643)DescriptionThis community potentially contains a range of other sedges, rushes, grasses and aquatic herbs than describedbelow, as this information is based on limited sampling of sites in dams within Bongil Bongil National Park.The mapping unit represents the occurrence of freshwater wetlands including ephemeral wetlands, and thosewetlands of farm dams, and also creeklines derived from clearing. In the sample sites common species includeGiant Sedge (Lepironia articulata), Tall Spike Rush (Eleocharis sphacelata) Common Spike Rush (Eleocharis acuta),Cyperus haspan subsp. juncoides, Water Ribbons (Triglochin procera) and Broadleaf Cumbungi (Typha orientalis). Attimes this community may have a sparse emergent layer of Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia).The exotic Cape Water Lily (Nymphaea capensis) is also common in these wetlands.Page 324Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW08Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesEmergent 0.1 – 5 5 - 25 Melaleuca quinquenervia.Lower 1 0- 2 25 - 40 Eleocharis acuta, Persicaria strigosa,Eleocharis sphacelata.* This information collated from 2 of 3 full floristic sitesExoticsNymphaea capensisSpecies richnessNumber of plots 3Total species 11Average number of species ±1Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (13ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 1Freehold 167National Park 13NSW State Forest 8Regional Park 0TOTAL 189Endangered Ecological Community: Ephemeral natural freshwater wetlands do occur in the study area andthese are difficult to differentiate from the large majority of wetlands that are derived from clearing or artificiallycreated in water impoundments. Natural occurring freshwater wetlands where they do occur are consideredhighly likely to be Freshwater Wetlands on Coastal Floodplains of the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South EastCorner bioregions EEC.Relationship to other communitiesNo closely related communities. Eleocharis sphacelata and Broadleaf Cumbungi (Typha orientalis) are keydiagnostics for this community.EquivalentsBiometric:(NR150) Coastal freshwater meadows and forblands of lagoons and wetlandsLocationsWilliams Road on Bongil Bongil National Park, west of Corindi Beach, and North of Hearns Lake.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 325


CH_FW08Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classClaoxylon australe 1 33% 1 6% uninformativeCyperus haspan 2 33% 0 0% positiveEleocharis acuta 3 100% 0 0% positiveEleocharis sphacelata 5 33% 0 0% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMarsilea mutica 1 33% 0 0% positiveMelaleuca quinquenervia 1 33% 2 12% uninformativePersicaria strigosa 1 33% 2 1% uninformativePhilydrum lanuginosum 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeTriglochin procera 1 33% 0 0% positiveTypha orientalis 3 33% 0 0% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 327

CH_FW09COASTAL WALLUM FERNLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Coral Fern (Gleichenia mendellii) – Saw Sedge(Gahnia sieberiana) Freshwater WetlandSTATEWIDE CLASS Freshwater Wetlands – Coastal Heath Swamp(Keith 2006)CH_FW09PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Red-fruit Saw-sedge - Coral Fernsedgeland of swamps of the NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW70-70)DescriptionA sedgeland community with a dense layer of ferns, sedges and rushes. It occurs in freshwater swamps, swalesand dune deflation hollows in poorly-drained sandy to peaty loams on Pleistocene backbarrier sands . Shrubsare mostly uncommon except for Olive Tea-tree (Leptospermum liversidgei). Large clumps of Red-fruit Saw-sedge(Gahnia sieberiana) are usually scattered throughout the community while beneath these is an often dense layerof Coral Fern (Gleichenia mendellii), Slender Twig Rush (Baumea teretifolia) and Sporadanthus interruptus.* Profile information is based on community NSW VCA 70-70: Red-fruit Saw-sedge - Coral Fern sedgeland ofswamps of the NSW North Coast Bioregion. (OEH, 2012)Page 328Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FW09Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesEmergent No data No data Leptospermum liversidgei.Lower 1 No data No data Gahnia sieberiana.Lower 2 No data No data Gleichenia mendellii, Gleichenia mendellii, Baumeateretifolia, Sporadanthus interruptus.* Data based on previous studies of the community.Species richnessNumber of plots 0Total speciesAverage Number of SpeciesConservation statusThis community is reserved in Yuraygir National Park (25ha)TenureArea (ha)National Park 24TOTAL 24EquivalentsBiometric:(NR276) Wallum sedgeland and rushland of near coastal lowlands of the North Coast.Other:Community 6408: Gahnia sieberiana - Gleichenia mendellii tall to very tall closed sedgeland(Griffith and Wilson, 2003)LocationsYuraygir National Park in the swamps around Station Creek.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 329



CH_FrW01COASTAL PAPERBARK - SWAMP OAK FLOODPLAIN FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)– Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) – Willow Bottlebrush (Callistemonsalignus) floodplain Forested WetlandSTATEWIDE CLASS Forested Wetlands – Coastal Swamp Forests (Keith2006)CH_FrW01PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Red-fruit Saw-sedge – Coral FernSedgeland of North Coast Wallum duneslopes and open depressions,South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion(NSW888-10)DescriptionA forested wetland in which Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) dominates and occurs withSwamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) and Willow Bottlebrush (Callistemon salignus). A mid layer of Prickly Paperbark(Melaleuca styphelioides) is sometimes present. The lower layer is variable comprising of Saw Sedge (Gahniaclarkei), Ottochloa gracillima, Floyd’s Grass (Alexfloydia repens), Native Violet (Viola banksii) and Leptinella longipes.In inundated sites Azolla filiculoides forms floating mats.This community occurs on floodplains, levees and backswamps of near coastal creeks and rivers in slightlyelevated areas inundated less regularly by flood events and tides than similar communities CH_FrW03 (CoastalPaperbark - Bottlebrush Channel Forest) and CH_FrW04 (Coastal Paperbark Sedgeland Dominated Forest) . Thecommunity can grade into Pleistocene sand barriers and tidally influenced estuarine channels and is locatednorth from Bundageree Creek in Bongil Bongil National Park. It is best developed along the floodplains of Pine,Bonville, Boambee, Newport’sand Moonee Creek and scattered occurrences north to Corindi River and StationCreek. Commonly associated with the Newport’s Creek and the Toormina soil landscapes.Page 332Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW01Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 2.5-30 25-80 Melaleuca quinquenervia, Callistemon salignus, Casuarina glauca.Mid 1-12 5-50 Callistemon salignus, Melaleuca styphelioides, Melaleuca quinquenervia.Lower layer 0-2 20-70 Gahnia clarkei, Crinum pedunculatum.Ground 0-0.5 15-70 Ottochloa gracillima, Alexfloydia repens, Viola banksii, Leptinella longipes,Oplismenus aemulus.* Data collected from 11 of 11 full floristic sitesExoticsBaccharis halimifolia, Lantana camara, Paspalum mandiocanum, Senna pendula var. glabrata,Senna septemtrionalis, Sida rhombifolia, Solanum capsicoides, Tradescantia fluminensisSpecies richnessNumber of plots 11Total species 87Average species per plot 27 ±6Conservation statusThis community is reserve in Bongil Bongil National Park (233ha) Coffs Coast Regional Park (11ha) Garby NatureReserve (3ha) Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (23ha) Yuraygir National Park (59ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 67Freehold 550National Park 292Nature Reserve 25Regional Park 10TOTAL 944Endangered Ecological Community: Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains of the NSW North Coast,Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions EEC.Threatened and Rare PlantsAlexfloydia repensRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_FrW03 (Coastal Paperbark - Bottlebrush Channel Forest) and CH_FrW04 (Coastal PaperbarkSedgeland Dominated Forest). CH_FrW01 is readily distinguished from these communities by the increasedoccurrence of grass and herb understorey species. CH_FrW03 and CH_FrW04 are characteristically sparse atunderstorey and ground level due to the frequency of water-logging).EquivalentsBiometric: (NR217) Paperbark swamp forest of the coastal lowlands of the North Coast.Other:N20- N50- Paperbark (Fisher et al. 1996); Community 12- Paperbark Willow Bottlebrush SwampSclerophyll Forest (Cameron et al. 2011); Forest Ecosystem 112 - Paperbark (NPWS 1999).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 333

CH_FrW01LocationsBonville, Pine Creek, Bongil Bongil National Park; Middle Arm Creek, Sawtell; Boambee Creek; Cordwells Creek;Newports Creek; Coffs Creek; Sugar Mill Creek; Moonee Creek; Moonee Beach Nature Reserve; Sandy Beach;Woolgoolga Lake, Darkum Creek.Page 334Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW01Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia irrorata 1 9% 1 8% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 1 9% 2 19% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 9% 1 27% uninformativeAcronychia imperforata 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeAlexfloydia repens 4 55% 0 0% positiveAlocasia brisbanensis 1 18% 1 2% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 1 18% 1 14% uninformativeAlternanthera denticulata 1 18% 1 0% uninformativeAmyema cambagei 1 9% 0 0% positiveApium prostratum 2 18% 2 0% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 9% 1 9% uninformativeAzolla filiculoides 4 9% 0 0% positiveBaumea articulata 2 18% 2 2% uninformativeBaumea juncea 2 27% 3 4% uninformativeBlechnum indicum 1 27% 1 2% uninformativeBrunoniella australis 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 3 100% 2 10% positiveCalochlaena dubia 1 9% 2 27% uninformativeCarex appressa 4 9% 2 1% uninformativeCarex maculata 2 9% 0 0% positiveCassytha filiformis 1 9% 1 3% uninformativeCasuarina glauca 3 100% 2 5% positiveCentella asiatica 1 27% 1 3% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 9% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumCommelina cyanea 1 64% 2 3% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 27% 1 38% uninformativeCrinum pedunculatum 2 55% 1 3% positiveDesmodium nemorosum 1 9% 1 0% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 55% 1 50% uninformativeDipodium variegatum 1 9% 1 2% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 1 18% 1 5% uninformativeEndiandra sieberi 1 9% 1 10% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 2 9% 1 9% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 1 9% 3 18% uninformativeEucalyptus robusta 2 9% 2 7% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 36% 1 29% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 9% 1 13% uninformativeFimbristylis dichotoma 1 9% 1 0% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 27% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 3 82% 1 12% positiveGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 9% 1 24% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 9% 1 12% uninformativeGonocarpus chinensis subsp.1 9% 0 0% positiveverrucosusGonocarpus tetragynus 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 9% 1 28% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 1 9% 1 10% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 27% 1 32% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 335

CH_FrW01Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classHibiscus diversifolius 1 9% 1 1% uninformativeHistiopteris incisa 1 9% 1 1% uninformativeHydrocotyle peduncularis 1 18% 1 5% uninformativeHypolepis muelleri 2 36% 1 3% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 45% 2 31% uninformativeIsolepis inundata 1 9% 0 0% positiveJuncus kraussii subsp. australiensis 2 36% 2 3% uninformativeLeptinella longipes 2 18% 3 0% uninformativeLivistona australis 2 9% 1 3% uninformativeLobelia anceps 1 36% 1 4% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 64% 2 51% negativeLophostemon suaveolens 1 27% 2 8% uninformativeMaclura cochinchinensis 2 18% 1 7% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 1 64% 1 7% uninformativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 4 82% 2 11% positiveMelaleuca styphelioides 2 27% 2 1% uninformativeMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 2 36% 1 3% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 45% 1 36% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 27% 1 16% uninformativeNematolepis squamea subsp. squamea 1 9% 2 2% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 18% 1 27% uninformativeNotothixos subaureus 1 9% 0 0% positiveOplismenus aemulus 1 64% 2 11% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 1 27% 2 22% uninformativeOttochloa gracillima 2 45% 2 9% uninformativeOxalis exilis 1 9% 1 2% uninformativeOxylobium robustum 1 9% 2 2% uninformativePanicum bisulcatum 2 9% 0 0% positiveParsonsia straminea 2 91% 1 26% positivePersicaria strigosa 1 9% 2 1% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 9% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 9% 1 16% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 2 36% 1 4% uninformativePlectorrhiza tridentata 1 18% 1 2% uninformativePolymeria calycina 1 18% 1 4% uninformativePomax umbellata 1 9% 1 6% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 9% 1 23% uninformativePteridium esculentum 1 55% 2 31% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 3 18% 1 4% uninformativeRubus moluccanus var. trilobus 1 9% 1 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 1 36% 1 8% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 27% 1 45% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 18% 1 29% uninformativeSporobolus virginicus 2 18% 5 2% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 27% 1 21% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 9% 1 28% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 1 9% 1 11% uninformativeViola banksii 2 91% 1 14% positiveYoungia japonica 1 9% 2 0% uninformativeZoysia macrantha 2 9% 3 3% uninformativePage 336Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW02COASTAL SWAMP MAHOGANY FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) – WillowBottlebrush (Callistemon salignus) – Saw Sedge (Gahnia clarkei) ForestedWetland on sandy alluvial soilsSTATEWIDE CLASS Forested Wetlands – Coastal Swamp Forests (Keith2006)CH_FrW02PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Swamp Mahogany – Willow Bottlebrush– Broad-leaved Paperbark forested wetland of the Coffs Harbour area,NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-477)DescriptionSwamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) dominates and occurs with Willow Bottlebrush (Callistemon salignus).Other canopy species sometimes present include Red Mahogany (Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra), BroadleavedPaperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Pink Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia) Flooded Gum (Eucalyptusgrandis) and Swamp Box (Lophostemon suaveolens). A sparse to dense mid layer often occurs with WillowBottlebrush (Callistemon salignus), Black Wattle (Callicoma serratifolia), Blueberry Ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus)Corkwood (Endiandra sieberi) and Cheese Tree (Glochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi). Saw Sedge (Gahnia clarkei)dominates at ground level sometimes with Tassel Rush (Baloskion tetraphyllum subsp. meiostachyum), Palm lily(Cordyline stricta) and Soft Bracken (Calochlaena dubia).The community is located on wet sandy loam soils along the floodplains of creeks in colluvial and transferralenvironments often adjoining undulating to flat meta-sedimentary hills. It consists of disjunct occurrences mainlyin the south of the study area.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 337

CH_FrW02Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 4-35 40-50 Eucalyptus robusta, Callistemon salignus.Middle 0.5-15 25-95 Callistemon salignus, Elaeocarpus reticulatus Glochidion ferdinandivar. ferdinandi, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Cordyline stricta.Lower 0-2 20-70 Gahnia clarkei, Baloskion tetraphyllum subsp. meiostachyum.* Data collated from 7 of 8 full floristic sitesExoticsAndropogon virginicus, Baccharis halimifolia, Cinnamomum camphora, Lantana camara,Paspalum mandiocanum, Syagrus romanzoffianaSpecies richnessNumber of plots 8Total species 115Average species per plot 30 ±7.7Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (24ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (

CH_FrW02Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 339

CH_FrW02Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longifolia 1 13% 1 6% uninformativeAcacia maidenii 1 25% 1 14% uninformativeAcacia melanoxylon 4 25% 2 18% uninformativeAcmena smithii 3 13% 1 27% uninformativeAllocasuarina torulosa 1 13% 2 36% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 1 13% 1 14% uninformativeAngophora costata 1 13% 2 14% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 13% 1 32% uninformativeBackhousia myrtifolia 1 13% 2 2% uninformativeBaloskion tetraphyllum subsp. meiostachyum 3 25% 1 3% uninformativeBanksia spinulosa var. collina 1 13% 2 5% uninformativeBaumea articulata 2 13% 1 2% uninformativeBaumea juncea 2 13% 3 4% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 1 13% 1 10% uninformativeBlechnum cartilagineum 1 13% 2 38% uninformativeBlechnum indicum 1 38% 1 2% uninformativeBrunoniella australis 1 13% 1 3% uninformativeCallicoma serratifolia 1 63% 2 16% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 3 100% 2 11% positiveCalochlaena dubia 2 75% 2 26% positiveCalystegia marginata 1 13% 0 0% positiveCasuarina glauca 3 13% 2 7% uninformativeCayratia clematidea 1 13% 1 8% uninformativeChorizandra cymbaria 1 13% 3 1% uninformativeCommersonia bartramia 1 13% 0 0% positiveCommersonia fraseri 1 13% 1 0% uninformativeCordyline stricta 2 88% 1 37% positiveCorymbia gummifera 1 13% 2 8% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 2 13% 2 21% uninformativeCrinum pedunculatum 1 13% 1 4% uninformativeCryptostylis erecta 2 13% 1 1% uninformativeCupaniopsis anacardioides 1 13% 1 11% uninformativeCyperus lucidus 2 13% 0 0% positiveDianella caerulea 2 50% 1 50% positiveDioscorea transversa 1 13% 1 28% uninformativeDipodium variegatum 1 13% 1 2% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 2 13% 1 9% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 2 13% 1 5% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 2 75% 1 26% positiveEndiandra sieberi 1 25% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 1 13% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 1 38% 2 25% uninformativeEucalyptus grandis 2 13% 3 18% uninformativeEucalyptus microcorys 3 13% 3 35% uninformativeEucalyptus pilularis 1 13% 3 27% uninformativeEucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra 3 13% 3 10% uninformativeEucalyptus robusta 4 100% 2 5% positivePage 340Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW02Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classEustrephus latifolius 1 25% 1 30% uninformativeGahnia aspera 1 13% 1 14% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 5 88% 2 13% positiveGahnia sieberiana 5 13% 2 6% uninformativeGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 50% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 75% 1 12% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 13% 1 12% uninformativeGonocarpus micranthus 1 13% 2 2% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 2 13% 1 10% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 75% 1 31% uninformativeHypolepis muelleri 2 13% 1 3% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 38% 2 32% uninformativeJagera pseudorhus var. pseudorhus 1 13% 1 11% uninformativeKennedia rubicunda 1 13% 1 8% uninformativeLastreopsis decomposita 2 13% 2 6% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 38% 1 12% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 13% 1 20% uninformativeLivistona australis 1 13% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 100% 2 51% constantLophostemon suaveolens 2 13% 2 9% uninformativeMarsdenia fraseri 1 13% 1 1% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 1 38% 1 8% uninformativeMelaleuca alternifolia 1 13% 2 1% uninformativeMelaleuca linariifolia 2 25% 1 1% uninformativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 3 50% 2 12% positiveMelastoma affine 1 13% 1 0% uninformativeMelicope elleryana 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 63% 1 36% uninformativeMyrsine howittiana 1 13% 1 2% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 50% 1 26% uninformativeOlearia nernstii 2 13% 2 0% uninformativeOplismenus imbecillis 4 25% 2 22% uninformativeOxalis exilis 1 13% 1 2% uninformativeOxylobium robustum 2 13% 1 2% uninformativeOzothamnus diosmifolius 2 13% 1 9% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 75% 1 27% uninformativePhebalium squamulosum 3 13% 1 0% uninformativePilidiostigma glabrum 1 13% 1 12% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 1 25% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 13% 1 16% uninformativePoa queenslandica 2 13% 0 0% positivePolymeria calycina 1 13% 1 4% uninformativePolyscias sambucifolia 2 25% 1 16% uninformativePomax umbellata 1 13% 1 6% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 63% 1 22% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 25% 2 27% uninformativePteridium esculentum 1 88% 2 31% uninformativePultenaea retusa 1 13% 2 6% uninformativePyrrosia rupestris 1 13% 2 3% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 341

CH_FrW02Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classRipogonum fawcettianum 1 13% 2 21% uninformativeRubus moluccanus var. trilobus 2 13% 1 4% uninformativeSchoenus lepidosperma subsp. pachylepis 1 13% 1 0% uninformativeSchoenus melanostachys 2 13% 3 1% uninformativeSmilax australis 2 25% 1 45% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 75% 1 28% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 25% 1 21% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 3 50% 3 39% positiveSynoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum 1 13% 2 35% uninformativeSyzygium crebrinerve 1 13% 2 1% uninformativeSyzygium luehmannii 1 25% 2 4% uninformativeSyzygium oleosum 2 13% 1 6% uninformativeTabernaemontana pandacaqui 2 25% 1 28% uninformativeThemeda australis 3 13% 3 24% uninformativeTristaniopsis laurina 3 13% 2 3% uninformativeVernonia cinerea 1 13% 1 11% uninformativeVillarsia exaltata 2 13% 3 0% uninformativeViola banksii 2 25% 1 16% uninformativeZieria smithii 1 13% 1 4% uninformativePage 342Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW03COASTAL PAPERBARK - BOTTLEBRUSH CHANNEL FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)– Willow Bottlebrush (Callistemon salignus) channel Forested Wetland ofnear coastal creeksSTATEWIDE CLASS Forested Wetlands – Coastal Swamp ForestsCH_FrW03PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Broad-leaved Paperbark – WillowBottlebrush forested wetland of creek channels draining intermittentcoastal lakes and lagoons of the NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-636)DescriptionAn open swamp sclerophyll forest of Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) and Willow Bottlebrush(Callistemon salignus). The epiphytic orchid Cymbidium madidum is commonly found growing on the Broad-leavedPaperbarks (M. quinquenervia). Owing to regular inundation, the understorey is very sparse and often absent, withfallen leaves and other debris often the only ground covering. Where present, understorey species include SwampLily (Crinum pedunculatum), Jointed Twig Rush (Baumea articulata), Tall Sedge (Carex appressa) and Cladiumprocerum.Associated with the narrow catchments of intermittent coastal creeks with attenuated flows where the channelsflood during times of heavy rain forming billabongs which slowly drain to the ocean. Most common in Scrub Creekand Bundagaree Creek in Bongil Bongil National Park, with isolated occurrences north to Yuraygir National Park.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 343

CH_FrW03Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 8-25 35-40 Melaleuca quinquenervia, Callistemon salignus.Ground 0-1.5 5 Crinum pedunculatum, Baumea articulata, Carex appressa,Cladium procerum.* Data collated from 3 of 3 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsExoticsSpecies richnessPaspalum mandiocanumNumber of plots 3Total speciesAverage number of species 13 ±0.7Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (48ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (1ha), YuraygirNational Park (4ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 1Freehold 25National Park 52Regional Park 1TOTAL 80Endangered Ecological Community: Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains of the NSW North Coast,Sydney Basin and South-east Corner bioregions EECRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_FrW01 (Coastal Paperbark - Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest) and CH_FrW04 (Coastal PaperbarkSedgeland dominated Forest). CH_FrW03 (Coastal Paperbark Bottlebrush Channel Forest) is distinguished bya wetter and simpler sparser ground layer usually dominated by Baumea articulata in comparison to a moredense ground cover of sedges than CH_FrW04 and CH_FrW01. Because of its unique hydrology, these areas arewaterlogged for extensive periods.EquivalentsBiometric:(NR217) Paperbark swamp forest of the coastal lowlands of the North Coast.Other:N20 - N50 Paperbark (Fisher et al. 1996); Community13 - Paperbark Willow Bottlebrush SwampSclerophyll Forest (Cameron et al. 2011).LocationsBundageree Creek; Scrub Creek; At the base of Beacon Hill; Sapphire Beach; and Station Creek in Yuraygir NationalPark.Page 344Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_FrW03Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 33% 1 32% uninformativeBaumea articulata 1 67% 2 2% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 3 67% 2 12% positiveCarex appressa 2 33% 2 1% uninformativeCladium procerum 1 67% 2 1% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var. floribundum 1 33% 1 10% uninformativeCrinum pedunculatum 2 67% 1 4% positiveCyclosorus interruptus 1 33% 0 0% positiveCymbidium madidum 2 100% 1 4% positiveEucalyptus grandis 1 33% 3 17% uninformativeEucalyptus robusta 2 33% 2 7% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 33% 1 29% uninformativeFicus watkinsiana 1 67% 2 4% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 33% 1 28% uninformativeHibiscus diversifolius 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 33% 2 32% uninformativeJuncus usitatus 1 33% 2 0% uninformativeLivistona australis 1 33% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra hystrix 2 33% 1 2% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 67% 2 51% negativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 4 100% 2 12% positiveParsonsia straminea 1 100% 1 27% uninformativePyrrosia confluens var. confluens 1 33% 1 5% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 33% 1 44% uninformativePage 346Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW04COASTAL PAPERBARK - SEDGELAND DOMINATED FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)sedge dominated Forested Wetland of drainage linesSTATEWIDE CLASS Forested Wetlands – Coastal Swamp ForestsCH_FrW04PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Giant Sedge sedgeland of sandyalluvium of the lower and mid-north coasts, South Eastern QueenslandBioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-643)DescriptionBroad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) dominates over a dense layer of sedges and rushes in thisfloristically simple forested wetland. Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) is occasionally present as is ForestRed Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis), Sieber’s Paperbark (Melaleuca sieberi) and sometimes Swamp Oak (Casuarinaglauca). Ground layer species commonly include Giant Sedge (Lepironia articulata), Jointed Twig Rush (Baumeaarticulata), Soft Twig Rush (Baumea rubiginosa) and Chorizandra spp.The substrate may vary from areas of clayey to silty alluvium to organic rich sands and this influences the sedgespresent. The community occurs in low-lying inundated areas on the alluvial floodplains and back swamps ofcoastal creeks and rivers and also occurring in very wet sites on coastal sandplains. It is distributed north fromPine Creek to Station Creek in Yuraygir National Park. Often associated with the Newport’s Creek, Coffs Harbourand Toormina soil landscapes.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 347

CH_FrW04Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 10-16 25 Melaleuca quinquenervia, Eucalyptus robusta, Melaleuca sieberi.Middle 3-6 15 Melaleuca quinquenervia, Melaleuca sieberi.Lower 0-1 70 Baumea rubiginosa, Baumea articulata.* Data collated from 1 of 1 full floristic siteStructural and floristic variationsDuring rapid site survey examples of this community dominated by Giant Sedge (Lepironia articulata) andChorizandra (Chorizandra spp.) were observed. Forest Red Gum (Eucalyptus tereticornis), Swamp Mahogany(Eucalyptus robusta), and Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca), was recorded as additional species which helped toimprove the description of this community.Species richnessNumber of plots 1Total species 13Average number of speciesConservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (19ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (4ha) Moonee BeachNature Reserve (11ha) and Yuraygir National Park (128ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 17Freehold 324National Park 149Nature Reserve 10NSW State Forest 24Regional Park 4TOTAL 529Endangered Ecological Community: Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains of the NSW North Coast,Sydney Basin and South-east Corner bioregions EECRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_FrW01 (Coastal Paperbark - Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest) and CH_FrW03 (Coastal Paperbark -Bottlebrush Channel Forest). CH_FrW04 (Coastal Paperbark Sedgeland Dominated Forest) is distinguished byhaving a wetter and simpler ground layer usually dominated by Baumea spp. and Grey Rush (Lepironia articulata).Often adjacent to CH_FrW01 and transitional to this community.EquivalentsBiometric:(NR217) - Paperbark swamp forest of the coastal lowlands of the North Coast.Other: N20, N50 – Paperbark (Fisher et al. 1996)Page 348Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW04LocationsPine Creek; Newports Creek; Sugar Mill Creek; Moonee Creek; Fiddamans Creek; Woolgoolga; Redbank Creek;Dundoo Creek; Corindi River and Station Creek.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 349

CH_FrW04Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classBaumea articulata 1 100% 2 2% uninformativeBaumea juncea 3 100% 3 4% positiveBaumea rubiginosa 3 100% 4 1% positiveCymbidium madidum 1 100% 1 4% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 100% 1 50% uninformativeEucalyptus robusta 2 100% 2 7% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 3 100% 2 12% positiveMelaleuca sieberi 2 100% 3 4% positiveParsonsia straminea 1 100% 1 27% uninformativePultenaea villosa 1 100% 2 6% uninformativeSelaginella uliginosa 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeSporobolus virginicus 1 100% 5 2% uninformativePage 350Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW05COASTAL PAPERBARK - SWAMP BOX LITTORAL FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)– Swamp Box (Lophostemon suaveolens) tall forest with LittoralRainforest elements on hind dunesSTATEWIDE CLASS Forested Wetlands – Coastal Swamp ForestsCH_FrW05PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Broad-leaved Paperbark – Brush Box– Swamp Box swamp sclerophyll forest on clays of coastal plains andsub-coastal hills of the NSW North Coast Bioregion and the South EasternQueensland Bioregion (NSW700-476)DescriptionA forested wetland that occurs in poorly drained sheltered areas of coastal Holocene and Pleistocene dunes,swales, backbarrier flats and sometimes on the floodplains of coastal creeks. It is often located in sheltered sites atthe base of an elevated hind dune. Found in near coastal areas behind the hind dune along the coast from Sawtellto Yuraygir National Park.Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) and Swamp Box (Lophostemonsuaveolens) dominate the overstorey. There are littoral rainforest and coastal species in the often dense mid layerincluding Blueberry Ash (Elaeocarpus reticulatus), Sandpaper Fig (Ficus coronata), Guioa (Guioa semiglauca) andThree-veined Cryptocarya (Cryptocarya triplinervis). The lower layer, sometimes dense and often weedy, containsmainly Rough Saw-sedge (Gahnia aspera), Tall Saw-sedge (Gahnia clarkei), Spiny-headed Mat-rush (Lomandralongifolia) and Scrambling Lily (Geitonoplesium cymosum). The herbaceous ground layer is dominated by WildViolet (Viola banksii), Ottochloa gracillima and Creeping Beard Grass (Oplismenus imbecillis).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 351

CH_FrW05Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesTallest 4-20 15-40 Melaleuca quinquenervia, Lophostemon suaveolens, Casuarina glauca.Middle 1.5-8 15-50 Elaeocarpus reticulatus, Ficus coronata, Guioa semiglauca, Cryptocaryatriplinervis, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana.Lower layer 0-1.5 15-55 Lomandra longifolia, Gahnia clarkei, Gahnia aspera, Geitonoplesiumcymosum Baumea juncea.Ground 0-0.3 15-20 Viola banksii, Ottochloa gracillima, Oplismenus imbecillis.* Data collated from 7 of 7 full floristic sitesExoticsAgeratum houstonianum, Asparagus aethiopicus, Cinnamomum camphora, Gloriosa superba,Ipomoea cairica, Lantana camara, Ligustrum sinense, Murraya paniculata, Ochna serrulata, Paspalum mandiocanum,Passiflora edulis, Passiflora suberosa, Senna pendula, Solanum seaforthianum, Syagrus romanzoffianaSpecies richnessNumber of plots: 7Total species: 110Average number of species: 38 ±11.3Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Coffs Coast Regional Park (23ha), Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (29ha), andYuraygir National Park (37ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 30Freehold 40National Park 36Nature Reserve 29Regional Park 23TOTAL 158Relationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_FrW01 (Coastal Paperbark - Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest) and CH_RF07 (Tuckeroo Beach Bird’sEye Littoral Rainforest). CH_FrW01 has a similar overstorey component but has less rainforest elements in theunderstorey. CH_RF07 (Coastal Exposed Dune Littoral Rainforest) is characterised by a canopy of rainforestspecies such as Hard Corkwood (Endiandra sieberi) and Bird’s Eye Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides). It oftenadjoins wet heathland communities CH_FW02 (Coastal Wallum Paperbark –Banksia - Grass Tree Wet Heathland),CH_FW05 (Coastal Wallum Paperbark Wet Shrubland).EquivalentsBiometric: (NR217) Paperbark swamp forest of the coastal lowlands of the North CoastOther: N20b Paperbark (Fisher et al. 1996)LocationsKnown locations include Middle Creek, Sawtell; Park Beach; Jetty Beach; Sapphire Beach; Moonee Beach NatureReserve; Emerald Beach; Fiddamans Beach and Sandy Beach.Page 352Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW05Diagnostic speciesVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 353

CH_FrW05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia melanoxylon 1 43% 2 18% uninformativeAcmena smithii 1 57% 1 26% uninformativeAcronychia imperforata 1 71% 1 3% uninformativeAlectryon coriaceus 1 14% 2 3% uninformativeAlectryon subcinereus 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeAlocasia brisbanensis 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeAlphitonia excelsa 2 29% 1 14% uninformativeAlpinia caerulea 1 14% 1 18% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 57% 1 31% uninformativeAsplenium australasicum 1 14% 1 9% uninformativeBaeckea frutescens 1 14% 2 3% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 1 43% 2 7% uninformativeBanksia oblongifolia 1 14% 3 9% uninformativeBaumea juncea 3 29% 3 4% uninformativeBreynia oblongifolia 1 57% 1 29% uninformativeCalamus muelleri 1 14% 2 14% uninformativeCalanthe triplicata 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeCarex appressa 1 14% 2 1% uninformativeCasuarina glauca 2 57% 3 6% positiveCissus antarctica 2 14% 1 19% uninformativeCissus hypoglauca 1 14% 1 38% uninformativeClerodendrum floribundum var.1 14% 1 10% uninformativefloribundumClerodendrum tomentosum 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeCommelina cyanea 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeCordyline petiolaris 1 14% 1 4% uninformativeCordyline stricta 1 71% 1 38% uninformativeCrinum pedunculatum 1 14% 1 4% uninformativeCryptocarya triplinervis 2 57% 1 3% positiveCupaniopsis anacardioides 1 71% 1 10% uninformativeCyclophyllum longipetalum 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeCymbopogon refractus 1 29% 2 6% uninformativeDampiera stricta 2 14% 2 7% uninformativeDesmodium brachypodum 1 29% 1 6% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 14% 1 51% uninformativeDioscorea transversa 1 14% 1 28% uninformativeDipodium variegatum 1 14% 1 2% uninformativeDysoxylum mollissimum subsp. molle 3 14% 2 2% uninformativeElaeocarpus obovatus 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 2 57% 1 27% positiveEndiandra sieberi 1 29% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 1 14% 1 9% uninformativeEpaltes australis 1 14% 2 0% uninformativeEucalyptus robusta 3 14% 2 7% uninformativeEucalyptus tereticornis 1 14% 3 1% uninformativeEupomatia laurina 1 14% 1 15% uninformativeEuroschinus falcatus 1 14% 1 4% uninformativeEustrephus latifolius 1 71% 1 29% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 57% 1 12% uninformativeFlagellaria indica 3 14% 1 4% uninformativeGahnia aspera 2 86% 1 13% positiveGahnia clarkei 2 86% 2 13% positiveGeitonoplesium cymosum 1 57% 1 23% uninformativeGlochidion ferdinandi var. ferdinandi 1 86% 1 12% uninformativeGlycine clandestina 1 14% 1 12% uninformativeGonocarpus teucrioides 1 14% 1 1% uninformativePage 354Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW05Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classGuioa semiglauca 1 71% 1 27% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 29% 1 32% uninformativeHibiscus diversifolius 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeHomalanthus populifolius 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeHybanthus enneaspermus 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeHypolepis muelleri 2 14% 1 3% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 43% 2 32% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 2 29% 1 12% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 1 29% 1 19% uninformativeLivistona australis 1 43% 1 3% uninformativeLobelia anceps 1 29% 1 5% uninformativeLomandra filiformis 1 29% 1 12% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 3 71% 2 51% constantLomandra spicata 1 29% 1 9% uninformativeLophostemon suaveolens 2 57% 2 8% positiveMaclura cochinchinensis 1 14% 1 7% uninformativeMarsdenia rostrata 2 71% 1 7% positiveMelaleuca quinquenervia 3 100% 2 11% positiveMelaleuca thymifolia 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeMicrolaena stipoides var. stipoides 2 14% 1 3% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 71% 1 36% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 57% 1 16% uninformativeNotelaea longifolia 1 86% 1 26% uninformativeOphioglossum pendulum 1 14% 1 1% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 57% 2 12% positiveOplismenus imbecillis 1 71% 2 21% uninformativeOttochloa gracillima 2 57% 2 9% positiveOxalis rubens 1 14% 2 0% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 2 71% 1 27% positivePersoonia stradbrokensis 1 14% 1 18% uninformativePittosporum revolutum 1 14% 1 13% uninformativePittosporum undulatum 2 14% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 29% 1 16% uninformativePlatycerium superbum 1 43% 1 5% uninformativePolymeria calycina 1 14% 1 4% uninformativePomax umbellata 1 43% 1 5% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 43% 1 23% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 1 29% 2 27% uninformativePsilotum nudum 1 29% 1 2% uninformativePsychotria loniceroides 2 57% 1 13% positivePteridium esculentum 1 43% 2 32% uninformativePtilothrix deusta 1 14% 4 2% uninformativeRhodomyrtus psidioides 2 29% 1 4% uninformativeRubus parvifolius 1 14% 1 4% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 2 29% 1 9% uninformativeSelaginella uliginosa 1 14% 1 3% uninformativeSmilax australis 1 100% 1 44% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 57% 1 28% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 43% 1 21% uninformativeSynoum glandulosum subsp. glandulosum 3 29% 2 35% uninformativeSyzygium australe 1 43% 1 5% uninformativeSyzygium luehmannii 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeThemeda australis 1 29% 3 24% uninformativeTriunia youngiana 1 14% 1 5% uninformativeViola banksii 2 86% 1 15% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 355

CH_FrW06COASTAL WALLUM - SWAMP MAHOGANYPAPERBARK - SATINWOOD FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) – BroadleavedPaperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) – Satinwood (Nematolepissquamea subsp. squamea) and Tassel Rush (Baloskion tetraphyllum subsp.meiostachyum) Wallum Swamp Sclerophyll ForestSTATEWIDE CLASS Forested Wetlands – Coastal Swamp Forests (Keith2006)CH_FrW06PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Swamp Mahogany – Tea-tree – TasselRush forested wetland of waterlogged wallum soils of the NSW NorthCoast and South Eastern Queensland bioregions (NSW700-614)DescriptionA forested wetland that is distributed in deep, moderately to poorly drained infertile unconsolidated sands inPleistocene backbarrier flats, occurring in disjunct locations from Bongil Bongil National Park/Coffs Harbour andnorth from near Corindi to Red Rock .A tall open forest in which the dominant tree species is Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta), which is rarelyassociated with Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia), Pink Bloodwood (Corymbia intermedia),Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus signata) and Swamp Box (Lophostemon suaveolens). The mid layer is comprised of alayer of heath shrubs to small trees including Satinwood (Nematolepis squamea subsp. squamea), Leucopogonlanceolatus, Tantoon Tea-tree (Leptospermum polygalifolium), White’s Teatree (Leptospermum whitei) and BlueberryAsh (Elaeocarpus reticulatus). The lower layer comprises a dense cover of Tassel Rush (Baloskion tetraphyllum subspmeiostachyum), Blechnum indicum and Saw Sedges (Gahnia clarkei, G. sieberiana). Rarely a sparse ground layer ofBilly Buttons (Pomax umbellata) is present.Page 356Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW06Floristic summaryLayer Height m Cover Dominant SpeciesTallest 6-20 20-35 Eucalyptus robusta, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Corymbia intermedia,Lophostemon suaveolens.Middle 2-7 5-50 Leptospermum polygalifolium, Nematolepis squamea, Leptospermumwhitei, Elaeocarpus reticulatus.Lower layer 1 0-2 5-60 Leucopogon lanceolatus, Elaeocarpus reticulates, Baloskiontetraphyllum, Gahnia clarkei, Lomandra longifolia.Lower layer 2 0 0-0.1 Pomax umbellata.* Data collated from 4 of 6 full floristic sitesExoticsSpecies richnessLantana camaraNumber of plots 6Total species 83Average number of species 25 ±8.5Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (43ha), Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (2ha) andYuraygir National Park (2ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 23Freehold 61National Park 46Nature Reserve 2TOTAL 131Relationship to other communitiesThis community forms a transition with other sand swamp communities such as CH_FW06 (Coastal WallumTeatree Tall Wet Shrubland), and CH_FW01(Coastal Wallum Teatree - Banksia Wet Heathland Shrubland). Related toCH_FW05 (Coastal Wallum Paperbark Wet Shrubland) and CH_FrW02 (Coastal Swamp Mahogany Forest). SwampMahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) in the canopy and Plume Rush (Baloskion tetraphyllum) in the ground layer are akey diagnostic species for CH_FrW06. It occasionally intergrades with CH_FrW01 (Coastal Paperbark - Swamp OakFloodplain Forest).EquivalentsBiometric: (NR254)- Swamp Mahogany swamp forest of the coastal lowlands of the North CoastOther:N52 Swamp Mahogany (Fisher et al. 1996), Community 10- Swamp Mahogany SatinwoodSand Swamp Forest (Cameron et al. 2011).LocationsBongil Bongil National Park; Airport Lands; Coffs Creek; Darlington Park; and Corindi River north of Red Rock.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 357

CH_FrW06Page 358Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW06Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia melanoxylon 2 17% 2 19% uninformativeAcacia suaveolens 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeAcacia ulicifolia 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeAngophora costata 1 17% 2 14% uninformativeAotus ericoides 1 17% 2 1% uninformativeBaloskion tetraphyllum subsp.5 67% 1 2% positivemeiostachyumBanksia aemula 3 33% 3 2% uninformativeBanksia integrifolia subsp. integrifolia 1 17% 1 8% uninformativeBanksia oblongifolia 1 33% 3 9% uninformativeBanksia spinulosa var. collina 1 17% 2 5% uninformativeBaumea muelleri 1 17% 1 2% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 2 33% 1 10% uninformativeBoronia safrolifera 3 33% 3 0% uninformativeBreynia oblongifolia 1 17% 1 29% uninformativeBrunoniella australis 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeCassytha filiformis 2 33% 1 3% uninformativeCassytha glabella f. glabella 2 33% 1 4% uninformativeCassytha pubescens 2 33% 1 2% uninformativeCaustis recurvata 1 17% 3 0% uninformativeCaustis recurvata var. recurvata 2 33% 3 0% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 3 17% 2 21% uninformativeCyclophyllum longipetalum 1 17% 1 5% uninformativeCymbidium madidum 1 17% 1 4% uninformativeCyperus stradbrokensis 1 17% 0 0% positiveDampiera stricta 1 33% 2 7% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 50% 1 50% uninformativeDillwynia retorta 1 17% 1 1% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 3 33% 1 9% uninformativeElaeocarpus reticulatus 2 83% 1 27% positiveEndiandra sieberi 2 33% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia marginata 1 33% 1 9% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 1 33% 2 25% uninformativeEpacris pulchella 2 33% 2 3% uninformativeEucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra 1 17% 3 10% uninformativeEucalyptus robusta 3 100% 2 6% positiveEustrephus latifolius 1 17% 1 30% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 2 67% 2 13% positiveHibbertia dentata 1 17% 1 7% uninformativeHibbertia scandens 1 50% 1 31% uninformativeHomoranthus virgatus 2 33% 0 0% positiveHypolaena fastigiata 1 33% 2 1% uninformativeKennedia rubicunda 1 17% 1 8% uninformativeLeptomeria acida 2 33% 1 2% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 3 100% 1 11% positiveLeptospermum trinervium 2 17% 3 3% uninformativeLeptospermum whitei 2 33% 4 2% uninformativeLeucopogon lanceolatus 2 83% 1 19% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 359

CH_FrW06Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classLeucopogon leptospermoides 1 33% 2 1% uninformativeLeucopogon margarodes 2 67% 1 2% positiveLivistona australis 1 17% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 100% 2 51% constantLophostemon suaveolens 2 17% 2 9% uninformativeMarsdenia fraseri 1 33% 1 0% uninformativeMelaleuca nodosa 4 33% 3 3% uninformativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 2 50% 2 12% positiveMelaleuca sieberi 3 17% 3 4% uninformativeMonotoca elliptica 2 33% 1 2% uninformativeMyrsine variabilis 1 17% 1 16% uninformativeNematolepis squamea subsp. squamea 2 67% 2 1% positiveNotelaea longifolia 1 33% 1 27% uninformativeOchrosperma lineare 2 17% 1 0% uninformativeOxylobium robustum 2 33% 2 1% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 33% 1 27% uninformativePimelea linifolia 1 17% 1 10% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 17% 1 16% uninformativePomax umbellata 2 33% 1 6% uninformativePsilotum nudum 1 17% 1 2% uninformativePteridium esculentum 2 83% 2 31% positiveSchizaea dichotoma 1 17% 1 1% uninformativeSchoenus brevifolius 1 17% 2 1% uninformativeSmilax australis 3 17% 1 45% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 67% 1 28% uninformativeSporadanthus interruptus 2 17% 3 3% uninformativeSynoum glandulosum subsp.1 17% 2 35% uninformativeglandulosumXanthorrhoea fulva 3 50% 3 6% positivePage 360Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW07RIVER OAK RIPARIAN FOREST OF THE ORARA RIVER VALLEYSCIENTIFIC NAME River Oak (Casuarina cunninghamiana) RiparianForest of the Orara ValleySTATEWIDE CLASS Forested Wetlands – Eastern Riverine Forests (Keith2006)CH_FrW07PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Riparian rainforest with River Oakemergents on lowland creek flats, NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-533)DescriptionA tall open forest with River Oak (Casuarina cunninghamiana subsp. cunninghamiana) dominates sometimesforming an emergent layer with Red Cedar (Toona ciliata) and Willow Bottlebrush (Callistemon salignus). Themiddle layer of small trees often consists of riparian rainforest species such as Rough-leaved Elm (Aphananthephilippinensis), Bangalow Palm (Archontophoenix cunninghamiana) and Sandpaper Fig (Ficus coronata). CamphorLaurel (Cinnamomum camphora) may be abundant in the canopy at many locations. This community includesextensive areas of weed an invasion and exotics such as Small-leaved Privet (Ligustrum sinense) and Large-leavedPrivet (Ligustrum lucidum), Lantana (Lantana camara) in the mid layer. The ground layer consists commonly ofMat-rushes (Lomandra spp.), Rose-leaf Bramble (Rubus rosifolius), Native Violet (Viola banksii) and Basket Grass(Oplismenus aemulus). The community is located along the Orara and Urumbilum Rivers, Nana and ColdwaterCreeks north from Coramba to the north of Nana Glen.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 361

CH_FrW07Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 7-35 30 Casuarina cunninghamiana, subsp. cunninghamiana.Middle 4-10 10 Toona ciliata, Archontophoenix cunninghamiana.Ground 0 - 1 1.5 Carex appressa, Rubus rosifolius, Diplazium australe, Lomandrahystrix, Oplismenus aemulus.* Data collated from 1 of 1 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThe structure and floristics of this community varies considerably from stands with a more developed rainforestunderstorey and those with a more disturbed. The abundance of weeds is very high in many examples of thiscommunity and it had undergone considerable past disturbance.ExoticsAraujia sericiflora, Cinnamomum camphora, Ligustrum lucidum, Ligustrum sinense, Phytolaccaoctandra, Senna septemtrionalis, Solanum mauritianum, Solanum nigrumSpecies richnessNumber of plots 1Total species 33Average number of speciesConservation statusThis community is reserved as a small area of less than one hectare in Coramba Nature Reserve.TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 2Freehold 187TOTAL 189Endangered Ecological Community:Wales North Coast Bioregion EEC.Contains elements of Lowland Rainforest on Floodplain in the New SouthRelationship to other communitiesMost closely related to CH_WSF01 (Coast and Hinterland Riparian Flooded Gum Bangalow Wet Forest)EquivalentsBiometric: NR223 - River Oak riparian woodland of the North CoastOther: RV2 Orara/Bucca Riparian vegetation (Fisher et al. 1996).LocationsOrara River; Coramba; Nana Glen, Nana Creek; Coldwater Creek.Page 362Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_FrW07Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAdiantum aethiopicum 1 100% 1 2% uninformativeAlocasia brisbanensis 1 100% 1 2% uninformativeAneilema acuminatum 1 100% 2 1% uninformativeAphananthe philippinensis 1 100% 1 1% uninformativeArchontophoenix cunninghamiana 1 100% 1 32% uninformativeCallistemon salignus 1 100% 3 12% uninformativeCarex appressa 2 100% 2 1% positiveCasuarina cunninghamiana subsp.3 100% 0 0% positivecunninghamianaChristella dentata 1 100% 1 1% uninformativeDichondra repens 1 100% 1 5% uninformativeDiplazium australe 2 100% 3 0% positiveDoodia aspera 1 100% 2 15% uninformativeDuboisia myoporoides 1 100% 1 5% uninformativeEhretia acuminata var. acuminata 1 100% 1 1% uninformativeElaeocarpus obovatus 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeElattostachys nervosa 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeFicus coronata 1 100% 1 13% uninformativeGeranium solanderi 1 100% 1 1% uninformativeGrevillea robusta 1 100% 1 0% uninformativeHymenosporum flavum 1 100% 1 2% uninformativeLomandra hystrix 2 100% 1 2% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMaclura cochinchinensis 1 100% 1 7% uninformativeMorinda jasminoides 1 100% 1 36% uninformativeNeolitsea dealbata 1 100% 1 16% uninformativeOplismenus aemulus 2 100% 2 12% positiveParsonsia straminea 1 100% 1 27% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 100% 1 16% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 1 100% 2 27% uninformativeRubus rosifolius 3 100% 2 4% positiveTabernaemontana pandacaqui 1 100% 1 27% uninformativeToona ciliata 1 100% 2 1% uninformativeTrema tomentosa var. aspera 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeViola banksii 2 100% 1 16% positivePage 364Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW08PLATEAU TEA-TREE – WATER GUM RIPARIAN SHRUBLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Plateau Tantoon Tea-tree (Leptospermumpolygalifolium) Water Gum (Tristaniopsis laurina) riparian shrublandSTATEWIDE CLASS Forested Wetlands – Eastern Riverine Forests (Keith2006)CH_FrW08PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Tantoon – White Sally Wattle – PouchedCoral Fern riparian shrubland of the eastern tablelands and escarpment,New England Tablelands Bioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion(NSW700-274)Intact community along Little Nymboida River with Water Gum dominant.DescriptionTea-tree and privet dominant areas occurs through the creeks andrivers of cleared parts of the Eastern Dorrigo Plateau.This community grows along riparian corridors on the alluvial valley floors of the Little Nymboida RiverCatchments in the Eastern Dorrigo plateau. A riparian shrubland in which Tantoon Tea-tree (Leptospermumpolygalifolium) dominates with Water Gum (Tristaniopsis laurina) and River Bottlebrush (Callistemon sieberi) inless disturbed locations. Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon) is present in the canopy in some sites and Coachwood(Ceratopetalum apetalum) may also occur. The understorey is often sparse and may include sedges and fringingferns such as Fishbone Water Fern (Blechnum nudum), Soft Bracken (Calochlaena dubia) Coral Fern (Gleicheniadicarpa) and Mat-rushes (Lomandra hystrix, L. longifolia). This community are commonly invaded by weed speciessuch as Privet (Ligustrum sinense) and Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 365

CH_FrW08Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover Dominant SpeciesShrubs 2-4 80 Leptospermum polygalifolium, Tristaniopsis laurina, Callistemon sieberi,Acacia melanoxylon.Ground covers 0 0.5 Blechnum nudum, Calochlaena dubia, Lomandra hystrix, Lomandralongifolia, Juncus usitatus.* Data collected from 1 site. Profile is developed from information collected from field investigation and API data pointsStructural and floristic variationsVaries from a low dense shrubland cover of Tantoon Tea-tree (Leptospermum polygalifolium), Blackwood (Acaciamelanoxylon) and Privet (Ligustrum sinense) along creeklines in previously cleared areas of the Eastern DorrigoPlateau to a more intact Water Gum (Tristaniopsis laurina) Bottle Brush (Callistemon sieberi) Tantoon Tea-tree (L.polygalifolium) Shrubland. There are usually warm temperate rainforest species in less disturbed sites.Species richnessNumber of plots 1Total species 9Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bindarri State Conservation Area (7ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 10Freehold 343NSW State Forest 21State Conservation Area 12TOTAL 387Relationship to other communitiesThis community is related to and may be derived from the clearing of CH_RF02 (Plateau Beech - CoachwoodCool Temperate Rainforest) and CH_RF03 (Plateau and Escarpment Coachwood - Sassafras Warm TemperateRainforest).EquivalentsBiometric:Other:1999).(NR269) Tea-tree shrubland of drainage areas of the slopes and tablelandsRV3 Eastern Dorrigo Riparian Vegetation (Fisher et al.1996), Forest Ecosystem 199 (NPWS,LocationsBobo River, Brooklana, Upper Bobo Road; Ulong Creek, Langley’s Road. Along Bobo River between Upper Boboand Brooklana; Little Nymboida River Ulong; Lowanna; Wild Cattle Creek State Forest; Mole Creek, Kangaroo CreekState Forest; Mole Creek; Brimbin Creek, Lowanna; Camp Creek.Page 366Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW08Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia melanoxylon 1 100% 2 18% uninformativeCalochlaena dubia 2 100% 2 27% positiveGleichenia dicarpa 1 100% 3 0% uninformativeJuncus usitatus 2 100% 1 0% positiveLeptospermum polygalifolium 4 100% 1 12% positiveLomandra longifolia 2 100% 2 51% constantLomatia fraseri 1 100% 0 0% positivePteridium esculentum 1 100% 2 32% uninformativeTristaniopsis laurina 2 100% 2 3% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 367

CH_FrW09COASTAL WALLUM SWAMP MAHOGANY -SIEBER’S PAPERBARK FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) – Sieber’sPaperbark (Melaleuca sieberi) Forested Wetland on sandy soilsSTATEWIDE CLASS Freshwater Wetlands – Coastal Heath Swamps(Keith 2006)CH_FrW09PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Swamp Mahogany – Melaleuca sieberishrub/sedge swamp forest on low lying sandy areas, South EasternQueensland Bioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-334)DescriptionThis community has an emergent to open cover of tall Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta). Other canopyspecies that are occasionally abundant include Scribbly Gum (Eucalyptus signata), Red Mahogany (Eucalyptusresinifera subsp. hemilampra) Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) and Swamp Box (Lophostemonsuaveolens). There is a mid to lower stratum of heathland and/or shrubland with open to dense cover of Sieber’sPaperbark (Melaleuca sieberi), Snow-in-Summer (Melaleuca linariifolia) and Weeping Baeckea (Baeckea frutescens).A second lower shrub layer contains Fern-leaved Banksia (Banksia oblongifolia), Saw Sedge (Gahnia sieberiana),Hairpin Banksia (Banksia spinulosa var. collina) and Wallum Bottlebrush (Callistemon pachyphyllus). In the groundlayer, Horned Sedge (Ptilothrix deusta), Hairy Guinea Flower (Hibbertia vestita), Jointed Twig Rush (Baumeaarticulata), Wiry Panic (Entolasia stricta) Kangaroo Grass (Themeda australis) and Grass Tree (Xanthorrhoea fulva) arethe most dominant species.This community has a scattered distribution on sandy Pleistocene backbarrier sands in areas where there appearsto be some clay input into the soil from nearby metasedimentary hills. It is most common in the northern sectionof Bongil Bongil National Park and also in the vicinity of Arrawarra township and Arrawarra Headland.Page 368Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW09Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesEmergent 6-15 10 Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra.Tallest 2-22 10-30 Eucalyptus robusta, Eucalyptus signata, Eucalyptus resinifera subsp.hemilampra, Melaleuca quinquenervia, Lophostemon suaveolens, Melaleucalinariifolia.Middle 1-2 10-35 Banskia oblongifolia, Gahnia sieberiana, Callistemon pachyphyllus, Banksiaspinulosa var. collina, Baeckea frutescens.Lower 0-2 30-80 Entolasia stricta, Hibbertia vestita, Xanthorrhoea fulva, Ptilothrix deusta,Themeda australis, Baumea articulata* Data collated from 4 of 4 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThere is considerable north-south floristic variation in this community. One site within is dominated by ScribblyGum (Eucalyptus signata) and has a clay heath understorey of Horned Sedge (Ptilothrix deusta) suggesting astrong clay influence in the soil.Species richnessNumber of plots 4Total species 75Average number of species 31 ±4.3Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (13ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (3ha) Garby NatureReserve (11ha) Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (3ha) Yuraygir National Park (42ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 6Freehold 43National Park 57Nature Reserve 14Regional Park 4TOTAL 124Relationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_FW05 (Coastal Wallum Paperbark Wet Shrubland). CH_FrW09 on sandy soils is distinguished byhaving an open forest or woodland structure with Swamp Mahogany (Eucalyptus robusta) or Red Mahogany (E.resinifera subsp. hemilampra)EquivalentsBiometric:(NR254) Swamp Mahogany swamp forest of the coastal lowlands of the North Coast.Other:SG6003- Leptospermum juniperinum mid-high to tall heathland and closed heathland and6004 - Xanthorrhoea fulva mid-high closed heathland (Griffith and Wilson, 2007), Community 33 - SwampMahogany – Melaleuca sieberi (Cameron et al. 2011).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 369

CH_FrW09LocationsNorth Bonville; Aviation Drive, Coffs Harbour Airport; Cunningham’s Creek; Moonee Creek; Cabbage Tree Creekand Yuraygir National Park.Page 370Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW09Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longifolia 1 25% 1 6% uninformativeAllocasuarina littoralis 2 50% 3 9% positiveAngophora costata 2 25% 2 14% uninformativeBaeckea frutescens 2 50% 2 3% positiveBanksia oblongifolia 3 100% 3 8% positiveBanksia spinulosa var. collina 2 100% 2 4% positiveBaumea articulata 3 50% 1 2% positiveBaumea juncea 2 25% 3 4% uninformativeBillardiera scandens 1 25% 1 10% uninformativeBossiaea obcordata 2 25% 0 0% positiveCaesia parviflora 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeCallistemon pachyphyllus 2 75% 2 3% positiveCassytha filiformis 2 50% 1 3% positiveCassytha glabella f. glabella 1 25% 1 5% uninformativeChorizandra cymbaria 1 25% 3 1% uninformativeCorymbia intermedia 1 25% 2 20% uninformativeCryptostylis subulata 1 25% 0 0% positiveDampiera stricta 1 50% 2 7% uninformativeDampiera sylvestris 2 25% 1 1% uninformativeDaviesia umbellulata 2 25% 1 2% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 25% 1 51% uninformativeDrosera spatulata 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeEmpodisma minus 2 25% 3 0% uninformativeEntolasia stricta 2 75% 2 24% positiveEucalyptus eugenioides 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeEucalyptus globoidea 2 25% 0 0% positiveEucalyptus resinifera subsp. hemilampra 2 25% 3 10% uninformativeEucalyptus robusta 3 75% 2 6% positiveEucalyptus signata 4 25% 3 2% uninformativeEucalyptus tindaliae 2 25% 3 0% uninformativeGahnia sieberiana 3 75% 2 6% positiveGleichenia dicarpa 1 25% 3 0% uninformativeGonocarpus micranthus 3 25% 2 2% uninformativeGonocarpus teucrioides 2 25% 1 1% uninformativeGoodenia heterophylla 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeGoodenia rotundifolia 2 25% 1 4% uninformativeHakea laevipes subsp. laevipes 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeHibbertia aspera 1 50% 1 10% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 3 100% 1 11% positiveIschaemum australe 1 25% 2 1% uninformativeJacksonia scoparia 1 25% 1 2% uninformativeLeptospermum juniperinum 1 50% 2 2% uninformativeLeptospermum polygalifolium 1 50% 1 12% uninformativeLepyrodia sp. A 2 50% 1 0% positiveLindsaea linearis 1 25% 1 3% uninformativeLomandra filiformis 2 25% 1 12% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 2 100% 2 51% constantVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 371

CH_FrW09Species NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classLomandra multiflora subsp. multiflora 1 25% 1 5% uninformativeLophostemon suaveolens 2 50% 2 8% positiveMelaleuca alternifolia 2 25% 2 1% uninformativeMelaleuca linariifolia 1 75% 2 0% uninformativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 1 75% 2 12% uninformativeMelaleuca sieberi 4 100% 2 4% positiveMelaleuca thymifolia 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeMelastoma affine 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeNotelaea venosa 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 50% 1 27% uninformativePatersonia fragilis 2 25% 1 0% uninformativePimelea linifolia 1 25% 1 9% uninformativePolymeria calycina 2 25% 1 4% uninformativePratia purpurascens 1 25% 1 23% uninformativePseuderanthemum variabile 2 25% 2 27% uninformativePteridium esculentum 1 25% 2 32% uninformativePtilothrix deusta 5 50% 4 2% positivePultenaea retusa 1 100% 2 5% uninformativePultenaea villosa 1 25% 2 6% uninformativeSchoenus apogon 1 25% 2 1% uninformativeSelaginella uliginosa 1 25% 1 3% uninformativeSmilax glyciphylla 1 25% 1 29% uninformativeSpartothamnella juncea 1 25% 0 0% positiveSporadanthus interruptus 3 25% 3 3% uninformativeSyncarpia glomulifera 2 25% 3 39% uninformativeThemeda australis 2 100% 3 23% positiveTricoryne elatior 2 25% 1 2% uninformativeXanthorrhoea fulva 3 100% 3 5% positivePage 372Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW10SWAMP OAK FORESTED WETLANDSCIENTIFIC NAME Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) – Bare Twig Rush(Baumea juncea) – Sea Rush (Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis) SalineForested WetlandStatewide Class Forested Wetlands – Coastal Floodplain Wetlands(Keith 2006)CH_FrW10PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Swamp Oak – Sea Rush swamp foreston saline coastal swamps and flats of the South Eastern QueenslandBioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-681)DescriptionA saline swamp forested wetland that occurs in tidally influenced creeks and rivers, north from the upper tidalreaches of Pine and Boambee Creek north to Mullet Creek, Saltwater Creek and Corindi River tidal estuaries. It isoften associated with deltaic estuarine Toormina and Angourie soil landscapes. Best developed at Mullet Creekand Saltwater Creek.Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) is the dominant canopy species in this community. Broad-leaved Paperbark(Melaleuca quinquenervia) is rarely present. The climbers Hairy Silkpod (Parsonsia straminea) and sometimesCynanchum carnosum are encountered amongst trees. There is a dense saltmarsh ground layer of Twig Rush(Baumea juncea), Mat Rush (Hemarthria uncinata), Creeping Brookweed (Samolus repens) and Sea Rush (Juncuskraussii subsp. australiensis).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 373

CH_FrW10Floristic summaryLayer Height Cover Dominant SpeciesTallest 2-10 25-55 Casuarina glauca.Middle 1-3 5 Parsonsia straminea, Melaleuca styphelioides, Melaleuca quinquenervia.Lower layer 1 0-1.5 35-85 Baumea juncea, Phragmites australis, Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis,Hemarthria uncinata, Samolus repens.Lower layer 2 0-0.5 15-50 Hemarthria uncinata.* Data collated from 4 of 4 full floristic sitesExoticsBaccharis halimifolia, Chrysanthemoides monilifera subsp. rotundata, Cinnamomum camphora,Paspalum mandiocanum, Senna septemtrionalis, Solanum nigrum, Taraxacum officinaleSpecies richnessNumber of plots 4Total native species 29Average number of species 13 ±2.4Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (14ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (1ha), YuraygirNational Park (106ha)TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 16Freehold 59National Park 125Regional Park 2TOTAL 202Endangered Ecological Community:South East Corner bioregions EEC.Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest of the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin andRelationship to other communitiesA part of the saltmarsh/mangrove/forest zonation in estuaries. CH_FrW10 occupies the most saline area ofestuaries often along creek banks, adjoining Mangroves, or in a mosaic with saltmarsh communities. Often adjoinsand is related to CH_SW06 (Sea Rush Saltmarsh), CH_SW07 (Estuarine Samphire - Saltwater Couch Saltmarsh), CH_SW01 (Estuarine Mangrove Forest) and CH_FrW10 (Swamp Oak Forested Wetland) and CH_SW02 (Estuarine TwigRush Saltmarsh). Can be found as a transition from CH_FrW06 (Coastal Wallum Swamp Mahogany – Paperbark- Satinwood Forest) to CH_SW06 (Sea Rush Saltmarsh) as conditions become more saline. Often merges withCH_FrW01 (Coastal Paperbark - Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest)EquivalentsBiometric: (NR255) Swamp Oak swamp forest of the coastal lowlands of the North CoastOther:N26a Swamp Oak (Fisher et al. 1996), Community - 14 Swamp Oak Swamp Sclerophyll(Cameron et al. 2011)Page 374Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW10LocationsPine Creek; Newports Creek; Sugar Mill Creek; Moonee Creek; Woolgoolga Lake; Darkum Creek; Corindi Beach;Corindi River; Mullet Creek; and Saltwater Creek .Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 375

CH_FrW10Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia maidenii 1 25% 1 14% uninformativeAlternanthera denticulata 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeApium prostratum 1 25% 2 1% uninformativeBaumea juncea 4 50% 3 4% positiveCallistemon salignus 2 50% 3 12% positiveCasuarina glauca 4 100% 2 6% positiveCrinum pedunculatum 1 25% 1 4% uninformativeCupaniopsis anacardioides 1 50% 1 11% uninformativeGahnia clarkei 1 50% 2 14% uninformativeGuioa semiglauca 1 25% 1 28% uninformativeHemarthria uncinata 4 75% 3 0% positiveJuncus kraussii subsp.2 100% 2 3% positiveaustraliensisLeptinella longipes 3 25% 2 0% uninformativeLobelia anceps 1 50% 1 5% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMarsdenia rostrata 1 50% 1 8% uninformativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 2 50% 2 12% positiveMelaleuca styphelioides 2 50% 2 1% positiveMorinda jasminoides 1 25% 1 37% uninformativeOttochloa gracillima 1 25% 2 10% uninformativeParsonsia straminea 1 100% 1 27% uninformativePhragmites australis 3 25% 2 1% uninformativePlatycerium bifurcatum 1 25% 1 16% uninformativeSamolus repens 3 50% 1 1% positiveSchoenoplectus subulatus 1 50% 0 0% positiveSporobolus virginicus 1 25% 5 2% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 25% 1 22% uninformativeTriglochin striata 2 25% 3 1% uninformativeViola banksii 1 75% 2 15% uninformativePage 376Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW11ESTUARINE PAPERBARK – TWIG RUSH FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia)– Bare Twig Rush (Baumea juncea) Saline Forested WetlandSTATEWIDE CLASS(Keith 2006)Forested Wetlands – Coastal Floodplain WetlandsCH_FrW11PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Broad-leaved Paperbark – Bare TwigRush swamp sclerophyll open forest or shrubland of coastal swampsin the NSW North Coast Bioregion and the South Eastern QueenslandBioregion (NSW1000-1936)DescriptionA low to moderately tall open forest or tall shrubland occupying the upper less saline edge of tidal influence oncoastal creeks and rivers. The overstorey is dominated by Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) eitheras a tree or a shrub. Occasionally Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) occurs. Common Silkpod (Parsonsia straminea)is a frequent climber. The ground layer is usually very dense, and mostly dominated by Bare Twigrush (Baumeajuncea), with other species including Zig-zag Bog-rush (Schoenus brevifolius), Native Reed (Phragmites australis)Jointed Twig Rush (Baumea articulata) and Sea Rush (Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis).This community is located on the estuarine plain of coastal creeks and rivers in saline swamps, tidal delta flatsand channels. It generally occupies the upper limit of the saline zone. It occurs north from Newport’s Creek withdisjunct occurrences north to Saltwater Creek in Yuraygir National ParkVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 377

CH_FrW11Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesTallest 14-17 30 Melaleuca quinquenervia, Casuarina glauca.Ground 0-1 80 Baumea juncea, Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis, Schoenusbrevifolius, Phragmites australis, Eriachne glabrata.* Data collated from 1 of 1 full floristic siteStructural and floristic variationsThere is a gradation from forested to saltmarsh variants of this community. The overstorey may from an open todense shrubland to open forest, or a mosaic of saltmarsh with saline forest. Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleucaquinquenervia) often dominates and sometimes co-dominates or associates with Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca).The species composition of ground layer sedges was observed to vary from those dominated by dense standsof Bare Twig Rush (Baumea juncea) to those in which Sea Rush (Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis) and CommonReed (Phragmites australis) are common. In one site in Moonee Beach Nature Reserve the grass Eriachne glabrataand Juncus continuus were abundant.ExoticsAster subulatus, Baccharis halimifolia, Chrysanthemoides monilifera, Cirsium vulgare, Sonchus oleraceusSpecies richnessNumber of plots 1Total species 18Average number of speciesConservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (1ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (1ha), Moonee BeachNature Reserve (5ha), and Yuraygir National Park (26ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 8Freehold 47National Park 25Nature Reserve 4Regional Park 3TOTAL 87Endangered Ecological Community: Swamp Sclerophyll Forest on Coastal Floodplains of the NSW North Coast,Sydney Basin and South East Corner bioregions EEC.Relationship to other communitiesA forested variant of CH_SW02 (Twig Rush Saltmarsh). CH_SW02 is distinguished by having only a scattered(20% CCP and commonly >50%) of Broadleaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) andsometimes Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca). Also related to CH_FrW10 (Swamp Oak Forested Wetland), CH_SW06(Sea Rush Saltmarsh) and CH_SW07 (Estuarine Samphire - Saltwater Couch Saltmarsh). Broadleaved Paperbark(M. quinquenervia) is more common toward less saline edge of the saltmarsh zone. May merge into CH_FrW01(Coastal Paperbark - Swamp Oak Floodplain Forest).Page 378Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_FrW11EquivalentsBiometric:(NR255) - Swamp Oak swamp forest of the coastal lowlands of the North CoastLocationsBoambee Creek; Newport’s Creek; Coffs Creek; Sugar Mill Creek; Moonee Creek; Hearn’s Lake; Woolgoolga Lake;Darkum Creek; Corindi Beach; Saltwater, Mullet Creek and Corindi River, Yuraygir National Park.Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classBaumea juncea 4 100% 3 4% positiveCallistemon salignus 1 100% 3 12% uninformativeCasuarina glauca 3 100% 2 7% positiveCyperus polystachyos 1 100% 2 1% uninformativeDianella caerulea 1 100% 1 50% uninformativeDiplachne fusca 1 100% 1 0% uninformativeDodonaea triquetra 1 100% 1 9% uninformativeEriachne glabrata 4 100% 3 0% positiveGahnia sieberiana 1 100% 2 6% uninformativeJuncus continuus 3 100% 0 0% positiveLobelia anceps 2 100% 1 5% positiveLomandra longifolia 1 100% 2 51% negativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 4 100% 2 12% positivePanicum simile 3 100% 1 4% positivePhilydrum lanuginosum 1 100% 1 1% uninformativePhragmites australis 2 100% 2 1% positiveSchoenus brevifolius 4 100% 2 1% positiveViola hederacea 2 100% 2 2% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 379

CH_FrW11Page 380Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area


CH_SW01ESTUARINE MANGROVE FORESTSCIENTIFIC NAME River Mangrove (Aegiceras corniculatum) - GreyMangrove (Avicennia marina subsp. australasica) Riparian Estuarine ForestSTATEWIDE CLASS Saline Wetlands – Mangroves (Keith 2006)CH_SW01PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Grey Mangrove – River Mangrove lowopen or closed forest or shrubland of intertidal flats, NSW North CoastBioregion and the South Eastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW700-686)DescriptionLow to mid-high open to closed forest or shrubland occurring on the margins of coastal estuaries on mudflatsthat are exposed to tidal inundation. The canopy is usually dominated by Grey Mangrove (Avicennia marina subsp.australasica) which often forms a simple, monospecific stand, although in brackish waters the River Mangrove(Aegiceras corniculatum) is more frequent (recorded at Moonee estuary, Newports Creek and Bonville Creek).The shrub and ground layers are usually absent, although a few scattered herbs such as Creeping Brookweed(Samolus repens) and Samphire (Sarcocornia quinqueflora) may be present.Occurrences of less common mangrove species have been recorded in the area. Spider Mangrove (Rhizophorastylosa) reaches its southern limit in the study area at the Corindi River estuary and Milky Mangrove (Excoecariaagallocha) has recorded at Arrawarra foreshore and Bongil Bongil National Park.Occurs on the margins of coastal estuaries on mudflats that are exposed to tidal inundation.Page 382Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_SW01Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesTallest 0-8 50-65 Avicennia marina subsp. australasica, Aegiceras corniculatum.* Data collated from 2 of 2 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsLower estuarine and mud-flat areas where tidal inundation is frequent are commonly dominated by GreyMangrove (Avicennia marina subsp. australasica) with little or no River Mangrove (Aegiceras corniculatum) present.Occurrences of this community in more brackish waters with less tidal influence can contain a higher proportionof River Mangrove and occasionally other salt tolerant species. Examples of this community may vary from beingfairly expansive in wider estuaries (e.g. Corindi River) to narrow riparian strips in smaller creeks and rivers withsteep banks that transition rapidly from saline to freshwater influence.Species richnessNumber of plots: 3Total native species: 2Average number of species: 1.5 ±0.5Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (10ha), Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (2ha) andYuraygir National Park (28ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 14Freehold 83National Park 46Nature Reserve 3TOTAL 146Relationship to other communitiesCH_SW01 transitions fairly rapidly with small changes in elevation and tidal flow patterns to several othercommunities. As the frequency and duration of inundation increase, CH_SW01 may transition to a numberof saltmarsh communities including CH_SW07 (Estuarine Samphire - Saltwater Couch Saltmarsh), CH_SW06(Sea Rush Saltmarsh) or CH_SW02 (Estuarine Twig Rush Saltmarsh). A number of saline influenced forestedcommunities also transition to CH_SW01. These include CH_FrW10 (Swamp Oak Forested Wetland) and CH_FrW11 (Estuarine Paperbark Twig Rush Forest).EquivalentsBiometric: (NR182) Mangrove - Grey Mangrove low closed forest of the NSW Coastal Bioregions.Other: SG2502 – Mangrove/Saltmarsh Complex (Fisher et al. 1996); Community 11- Grey Mangrove Bongil BongilNational Park (Cameron et al. 2010).Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 383

CH_SW01LocationsKnown examples include Bonville Creek, Pine Creek, Boambee Creek, Newport’s Creek, Coffs Creek, MooneeCreek, Hearn’s Lake, Woolgoolga Lake, Arrawarra Creek, Corindi River, Saltwater Creek and Mullet Creek.Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelityclassAegiceras corniculatum 1 67% 0 0% positiveAvicennia marina subsp. australasica 5 100% 0 0% positivePage 384Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_SW02ESTUARINE TWIG RUSH SALTMARSHSCIENTIFIC NAME Estuarine Twig Rush (Baumea juncea) SaltmarshSTATEWIDE CLASS Saline Wetlands – Coastal Saltmarsh (Keith 2006)CH_SW02PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Twig Rush saltmarsh of estuaries,NSW North Coast Bioregion and South Eastern Queensland Bioregion(NSW1000-1937)DescriptionA rushland community of coastal estuaries and ICOLs growing at the upper edge of the saltmarsh zonation.Emergent Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) and sometimes Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca)are present. The dominant rush is Twig Rush (Baumea juncea), however a range of other species occur at lowerfrequencies such as Sea Rush (Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis), Native Reed (Phragmites australis), Prickly Couch(Zoysia macrantha), Zig-zag Bog-rush (Schoenus brevifolius), Slender Yellow-eye (Xyris gracilis) and Spreading NutHeads (Epaltes australis).Found in coastal estuaries north from Newport’s Creek with scattered occurrences to Station Creek.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 385

CH_SW02Floristic summaryLayer Height (m) Cover (%) Dominant SpeciesEmergent 2-3 5 Melaleuca quinquenervia Casuarina glauca.Middle 0-2 5 Melaleuca quinquenervia.Lower 0-1 95 Baumea juncea, Phragmites australis, Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis.* Data collated from 1site only.Structural and floristic variationsMay vary from an almost pure bed of Twig Rush (Baumea juncea) with few emergents of Broad-leaved Paperbark,to a more diverse community with elements of saline grasslands, soaks and lagoons.Species richnessNumber of plots: 2Total species: 19Average number of species: 11 ±5Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (1ha), Coffs Harbour Regional Park (1ha) andYuraygir National Park (3ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 1Freehold 24National Park 11Nature Reserve 1NSW State Forest 8Regional Park 1TOTAL 47Endangered Ecological Community Coastal saltmarsh in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South East Cornerbioregions EECRelationship to other communitiesRelated to CH_FrW11 (Estuarine Paperbark - Twig Rush Forest). CH_SW02 is distinguished by having only ascattered (20% CCP and commonly >50%) of Broad-leaved Paperbark and Swamp Oak(Casuarina glauca).EquivalentsBiometric:Other:Saltmarsh complex of the North Coast (NR225)S3 Baumea juncea tall to very tall closed sedgeland: (Pressey and Griffith,1987).LocationsKnown examples include Newport’s Creek, Coffs Creek, Moonee Creek, Hearn’s Lake, Corindi River and StationCreek.Page 386Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_SW02Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classBaumea juncea 6 100% 3 4% positiveCasuarina glauca 2 100% 3 7% positiveJuncus kraussii subsp. australiensis 5 100% 2 3% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 2 100% 2 12% positivePhragmites australis 2 100% 2 1% positiveSchoenus brevifolius 2 100% 2 1% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 387

CH_SW03COASTAL DUNE SEDGELAND SOAKSCIENTIFIC NAME Coastal Dune Soak Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca)– Sand Sedge (Carex pumila) – Club Rush (Ficinia nodosa) Shrublands andSedgelandsSTATEWIDE CLASS Saline Wetlands – Saltmarsh (Keith 2006)CH_SW03PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Shiny Bog-rush – Club Rush dune soakwetlands on Holocene dunes of the NSW North Coast Bioregion and SouthEastern Queensland Bioregion (NSW700-679)Sedgeland variantShrubland variantDescriptionA sedgeland community in which Tall Spike Rush (Ficinia nodosa) and Shiny Bog-rush (Schoenus nitens) are mostabundant. Also present are the sedges and herbs Sand Sedge (Carex pumila), Water Ribbons (Triglochin striata)and Cyperus laevigatus. A moderately dense stratum of Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) and/or Broad-leavedPaperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) is sometimes present.Occurs in depressions, seepage lines and swales of Holocene dunes where the water-table rises to the surfacewith a sub-saline influence. On Holocene dunes south from Station Creek in Yuraygir National Park to BundagenHeadland in Bongil Bongil National Park.Page 388Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_SW03Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesTallest 2-7 45 Casuarina glauca, Melaleuca quinquenerviaLower 1 0.5-4 35-70 Ficinia nodosa, Cladium procerum.Lower 2 0-1 30-65 Carex pumila, Hydrocotyle pedicellosa, Schoenus nitens.* Data collated from 3 of 3 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsThis community occupies low-lying protected soak or swale habitats in Holocene dunes and can vary in structurefrom a shrubland with sedge components, to an open sedgeland. The shrubland variant typically has a lowcanopy of Swamp Oak (Casuarina glauca) and/or Broad-leaved Paperbark (Melaleuca quinquenervia) with a lowerlayer usually dominated by Carex pumila and Knobby Club-rush (Ficinia nodosa). Where the community forms anopen sedgeland, the dominant species are Shiny Bog-rush (Schoenus nitens), Knobby Club-rush (Ficinia nodosa)and Carex pumila.ExoticsSpecies richnessAndropogon virginicusNumber of plots 3Total species 12Average number of species 7 ±2Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (1 ha) and Yuraygir National Park (9ha).TenureArea (ha)National Park 11TOTAL 11Endangered Ecological Community:Corner bioregionsCoastal saltmarsh in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South EastRelationship to other communitiesNot closely related to any other communities. Occurrences in dune systems are disjunct from other salinewetlands. The most related community floristically is CH_SW02 (Twig Rush Saltmarsh) which occurs mainly inestuaries and is dominated by Twig Rush (Baumea juncea).EquivalentsBiometric:Other:no equivalentCommunity 7 (Cameron et al. 2011) describes an open sedgeland variant of this community.LocationsKnown occurrences include Station Creek; Boambee Beach and Bundagen Headland, Bongil Bongil National Park.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 389

CH_SW03Page 390Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_SW03Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classBacopa monnieri 1 25% 2 0% uninformativeBaumea juncea 4 25% 3 4% uninformativeCarex pumila 3 50% 2 1% positiveCasuarina glauca 1 75% 3 7% uninformativeCladium procerum 1 75% 1 1% uninformativeCyperus laevigatus 2 25% 4 0% uninformativeDiplachne fusca 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeEpaltes australis 2 25% 1 0% uninformativeFicinia nodosa 4 75% 1 3% positiveGonocarpus tetragynus 1 25% 1 4% uninformativeGoodenia paniculata 2 25% 1 2% uninformativeHydrocotyle pedicellosa 3 75% 1 1% positiveIpomoea brasiliensis 2 25% 2 0% uninformativeJuncus kraussii subsp. australiensis 1 25% 2 3% uninformativeLobelia anceps 1 50% 1 5% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeMelaleuca quinquenervia 2 50% 2 12% positiveSacciolepis indica 1 25% 2 0% uninformativeSamolus repens 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeSchenkia spicata 1 25% 0 0% positiveSchoenus lepidosperma subsp.1 25% 1 0% uninformativepachylepisSchoenus nitens 5 50% 2 0% positiveTriglochin striata 2 50% 3 1% positiveXyris gracilis 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeZoysia macrantha 2 25% 3 3% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 391

CH_SW04COASTAL DUNE PRICKLY COUCH GRASSLANDSSCIENTIFIC NAME Coastal Dune Prickly Couch (Zoysia macrantha)Grasslands of Intermittent coastal lakes and lagoonsSTATEWIDE CLASS Saline Wetlands – Saltmarsh (Keith 2006)CH_SW04PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Prickly Couch – Sea Rush – CommonCouch saltmarsh of saline coastal swamps and flats of the South EasternQueensland Bioregion and NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-682)DescriptionA low sod grassland/saltmarsh, commonly dense to mid-dense. Dominated by Prickly Couch (Zoysia macrantha)and Sea Rush (Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis) together with Common Couch (Cynodon dactylon). Swamp Oak(Casuarina glauca) is a common emergent.Commonly occurs on sediments deposited on flood channels of small coastal creeks forming an impoundedlagoon.Page 392Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_SW04Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesLower 1 0.4 – 2.0 80-85 Zoysia macrantha, Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis,Casuarina glauca, Baumea juncea.Lower 2 0 – 0.4 25 Zoysia macrantha, Cynodon dactylon.* Data collated from 2 of 2 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsSome examples of this community may contain elements of CH_G01 (Strandline Grassland) and CH_H02 (CoastWattle Shrublands).ExoticsAnagallis arvensis, Cirsium vulgare, Panicum schinzii, Stenotaphrum secundatumSpecies richnessNumber of plots 2Total species 17Average number of species 10 ±4Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (0.2ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 0.1National Park 0.3TOTAL 0.4Endangered Ecological CommunityCorner bioregions EECCoastal saltmarsh in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South EastRelationship to other communitiesMost closely related to CH_G01 (Strandline Grassland) and may occur adjacent to this community where beachdune systems meet estuarine systems and coastal lakes.EquivalentsBiometric:Other:Shares some affinity with (NR225); Saltmarsh complex of the North Coast.Community 5 (Cameron et al. 2011); Prickly Couch Grassland of Intermittent Coastal LagoonsLocationsKnown examples include Scrub Creek; Red Rock Surf Beach and Corindi.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 393


CH_SW04Diagnostic speciesSpecies Name Group score (50percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longifolia 5 50% 1 5% positiveBacopa monnieri 2 25% 1 0% uninformativeBaumea juncea 2 25% 3 4% uninformativeCarex pumila 2 75% 3 1% positiveCarpobrotus glaucescens 2 50% 1 1% positiveCasuarina glauca 1 25% 3 7% uninformativeChrysocephalum apiculatum 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeCladium procerum 2 25% 1 1% uninformativeCrinum pedunculatum 2 25% 1 4% uninformativeCynodon dactylon 4 50% 3 0% positiveCyperus laevigatus 4 50% 2 0% positiveCyperus polystachyos 3 50% 1 1% positiveEragrostis interrupta 2 25% 0 0% positiveFicinia nodosa 2 75% 1 3% positiveHibbertia scandens 2 25% 1 32% uninformativeHydrocotyle pedicellosa 2 25% 1 2% uninformativeJuncus kraussii subsp. australiensis 3 25% 2 3% uninformativeJuncus usitatus 1 25% 2 0% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativePseudognaphalium luteoalbum 3 25% 1 0% uninformativeSamolus repens 1 25% 1 1% uninformativeScaevola calendulacea 3 25% 3 0% uninformativeSchoenoplectus validus 1 25% 0 0% positiveSenecio pinnatifolius var. pinnatifolius 3 50% 2 0% positiveSpinifex sericeus 3 25% 4 1% uninformativeTetragonia tetragonioides 1 25% 1 0% uninformativeZoysia macrantha 5 50% 3 3% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 395

CH_SW05TWIG RUSH HEADLAND SEDGELAND SOAKSCH_SW05SCIENTIFIC NAME Twig Rush (Baumea juncea) Sedgeland Soaks on PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Twig Rush soaks of coastal headlands,HeadlandsNSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW999-707)STATEWIDE CLASS Saline Wetlands – Saltmarsh (Keith 2006)DescriptionA rushland community occupying seepage zones on coastal metasedimentary headlands in Moonee BeachNature Reserve north of Coffs Harbour. Twig Rush (Baumea juncea) is abundant. The climbers Hairy Silkpod(Parsonsia straminea) and Snake Vine (Sarcopetalum harveyanum) drape themselves over the low growing TwigRush (B. juncea) Other species from the adjoining Headland Grassland occurring amongst the lower layer includeKangaroo Grass (Themeda australis) and Riceflower (Pimelea linifolia).Occupying seepage zones on coastal metasedimentary headlands in Moonee Beach Nature Reserve north ofCoffs Harbour.Page 396Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_SW05Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesLower layer 0-0.5 70-85 Baumea juncea, Parsonsia straminea, Sarcopetalum harveyanum,Polymeria calycina, Themeda australis, Pimelea linifolia.* Data collated from 3 of 3 full floristic sitesExoticsBaccharis halimifolia, Bidens pilosa, Chrysanthemoides monilifera, Conyza bonariensis,Gomphocarpus fruticosus, Lantana camara, Paspalum mandiocanumSpecies richnessNumber of plots 3Total native species 30Average number of species 15 ±4.6Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (3ha) and Coffs Coast Regional Park (1ha).TenureArea (ha)Nature Reserve 3Regional Park 1TOTAL 4Threatened and Rare plants:Pultenaea maritimaRelationship to other communitiesRelated to and intergrades with CH_H03 (Kangaroo Grass Headland Grasslands).EquivalentsBiometric:No equivalentLocationsKnown examples include Look-at-me-now Headland; Dammerel’s Headland, and Woolgoolga Headland.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 397


CH_SW05Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classAcacia longifolia 1 33% 1 6% uninformativeBaumea juncea 3 100% 3 4% positiveCarex inversa 1 33% 3 0% uninformativeCassytha racemosa 1 33% 1 1% uninformativeCentella asiatica 1 100% 1 3% uninformativeClematis glycinoides 1 33% 1 6% uninformativeGonocarpus micranthus 2 33% 2 2% uninformativeGoodenia hederacea subsp. hederacea 1 33% 1 3% uninformativeGoodenia paniculata 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeGoodenia rotundifolia 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeHibbertia vestita 1 33% 1 12% uninformativeHybanthus stellarioides 1 33% 1 4% uninformativeHydrocotyle peduncularis 1 67% 1 5% uninformativeImperata cylindrica 1 33% 2 32% uninformativeLobelia anceps 1 100% 1 4% uninformativeLomandra longifolia 1 33% 2 52% negativeMitrasacme paludosa 1 33% 2 0% uninformativeMyoporum boninense subsp. australe 1 33% 0 0% positiveParsonsia straminea 3 100% 1 27% positivePimelea linifolia 2 67% 1 9% positivePolymeria calycina 2 100% 1 4% positivePultenaea maritima 1 33% 3 1% uninformativeSarcopetalum harveyanum 2 67% 1 9% positiveSchoenus nitens 2 33% 3 1% uninformativeSenecio pinnatifolius 1 33% 2 1% uninformativeStackhousia spathulata 1 33% 1 0% uninformativeStephania japonica var. discolor 1 33% 1 21% uninformativeThemeda australis 2 100% 3 23% positiveTricoryne elatior 1 33% 1 2% uninformativeZoysia macrantha 1 33% 3 3% uninformativeVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 399

CH_SW06SEA RUSH SALTMARSHSCIENTIFIC NAME Sea Rush (Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis)SaltmarshSTATEWIDE CLASS Saline Wetlands – Saltmarsh (Keith 2006)CH_SW06PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Sea Rush saltmarsh of saline coastalswamps and flats of the South Eastern Queensland Bioregion and NSWNorth Coast Bioregion (NSW1000-1980)DescriptionA saltmarsh common in tidally influenced saline bays and estuaries of the main creeks and rivers of the LocalGovernment Area.The dominant species is Sea Rush (Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis) forming mono-dominant swards. The onlyother species recorded in this community are Creeping Brookweed (Samolus repens), and rarely Saltwater Couch(Sporobolus virginicus var. minor).Common in tidally influenced saline bays and estuaries of the main creeks and rivers of the study area.Page 400Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_SW06Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%)* Dominant SpeciesGround 0-1 85-90 Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis,Sporobolus virginicus var. minor.* Data collated from 2 of 2 full floristic sitesSpecies richnessNumber of plots 2Total species 3Average number of species 2.5 ±0.7Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (18ha) and Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (0.5ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 4Freehold 16National Park 18TOTAL 38Endangered Ecological Community:Corner bioregions EECCoastal saltmarsh in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South EastRelationship to other communitiesRelated to other saltmarsh and Saline Swamp Forest communities including CH_SW07 (Estuarine Samphire- Saltwater Couch Saltmarsh), CH_SW02 (Estuarine Twig Rush Saltmarsh) and CH_SW01 (Estuarine MangroveForest). Often adjoins and forms a mosaic with CH_SW07 and CH_SW01. This community is replaced by CH_SW07in Corindi River estuary.EquivalentsBiometric:Saltmarsh complex of the North Coast (NR225)Other:SG6102 - Mangrove/Saltmarsh Complex (Fisher et al. 1996); Community 15 – Sea RushSaltmarsh (Cameron et al. 2011)LocationsKnown examples include Newport’s Creek, Pine Creek in Bongil Bongil National Park, Moonee Creek – MooneeBeach Nature Reserve, Coffs Creek and Boambee Creek.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 401

CH_SW06Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classJuncus kraussii subsp. australiensis 6 100% 2 3% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeSamolus repens 1 100% 1 1% uninformativeSporobolus virginicus 3 50% 5 2% positivePage 402Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_SW07ESTUARINE SAMPHIRE - SALTWATER COUCH SALTMARSHSCIENTIFIC NAME Estuarine Samphire (Sarcocornia quinqueflora) -Saltwater Couch (Sporobolus virginicus) SaltmarshSTATEWIDE CLASS Saline Wetlands – Saltmarsh (Keith 2006)CH_SW07PLANT COMMUNITY TYPE Saltwater Couch – Samphire saltmarshof low-lying estuarine areas of the South Eastern Queensland Bioregionand NSW North Coast Bioregion (NSW700-684)DescriptionA saltmarsh common in tidally influenced saline bays and estuaries of the main creeks and rivers of the study area.The dominant species is Saltwater Couch (Sporobolus virginicus) with Samphire (Sarcocornia quinqueflora) beingalso common. Water ribbons (Triglochin striatum) are common amongst the dense grass layer. Sea Rush (Juncuskraussii subsp. australiensis) is present as less common more patchy clumps.Common in tidally influenced saline bays and estuaries of the main creeks and rivers of the study area.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 403

CH_SW07Floristic summaryLayer Height (m)* Cover (%) * Dominant SpeciesLower 0-0.5 65-85 Sporobolus virginicus, Triglochin striatum, Sarcocorniaquinqueflora, Juncus kraussii subsp. australiensis.* Data collated from 5 of 5 full floristic sitesStructural and floristic variationsOccasionally, an emergent layer of Grey Mangrove (Avicennia marina subsp. australasica) and Swamp Oak(Casuarina glauca) may occur on raised areas.ExoticsBaccharis halimifoliaSpecies richnessNumber of plots 5Total species 4Average number of species 3 ±1.0Conservation statusThis community is reserved in Bongil Bongil National Park (1ha), Coffs Coast Regional Park (0.1 ha), Garby NatureReserve (small area), Moonee Beach Nature Reserve (2ha) and Yuraygir National Park (95ha).TenureArea (ha)Crown Land 2Freehold 15National Park 96Nature Reserve 2TOTAL 114Endangered Ecological Community:Corner bioregions EECCoastal saltmarsh in the NSW North Coast, Sydney Basin and South EastRelationship to other communitiesCH_SW07 is related to other saltmarsh and saline swamp forest communities including CH_SW06 (Sea RushSaltmarsh), CH_SW02 (Estuarine Twig Rush Saltmarsh) and CH_SW01 (Estuarine Mangrove Forest). Thiscommunity often adjoins and forms a mosaic with CH_SW06 and CH_SW01.EquivalentsBiometric:Saltmarsh complex of the North Coast (NR225)Other:SG6102 – Mangrove/Saltmarsh Complex (Fisher et al. 1996); Community 16- Saltwater CouchSaltmarsh (Cameron et al. 2011)LocationsKnown examples include estuaries of Pine Creek and Boambee Creek, Corindi River, Moonee Creek, Hearne’s Lake,Woolgoolga Lake, Arrawarra Creek and Station Creek.Page 404Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

CH_SW07Diagnostic speciesSpecies NameGroup score(50 percentile)GroupfrequencyNon-group score(50 percentile)Non-groupfrequencyFidelity classJuncus kraussii subsp. australiensis 2 80% 2 3% positiveLomandra longifolia 0 0% 2 52% negativeSarcocornia quinqueflora 4 40% 0 0% positiveSporobolus virginicus 6 100% 1 1% positiveTriglochin striata 3 60% 2 1% positiveVegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 405

ReferencesBarkman, JJ 1989, ‘Fidelity and character-species, a critical evaluation’, Vegetation vol. 85, pp. 105-16.Bedward, M 1999, A utility to profile classification groups in terms of attribute fidelity, Version 2.1 for Windows 9x/NT,last revised 18 Feb 1999, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Queanbeyan.Cameron, MA, Sheringham, PR, Hunter RJ and Smith, M 2011, Survey and Mapping of the Vegetation of Bongil BongilNational Park, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW, Coffs Harbour.DECCW, 2009a, The Native Vegetation of the Sydney Metropolitan Catchment Management Authority Area. Volume 2:Vegetation Community Profiles, Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW, Hurstville.DECCW, 2009b, Native Vegetation Interim Type Standard, Department of Environment, Climate Change and WaterNSW, Hurstville.Eco Logical Australia 2005, A vegetation map for the Northern Rivers Catchment Management Authority to supportthe application of the BFT, Project No. 99-0, report prepred by Eco Logical Australia to the Northern RiversCatchment Management Authority, Coffs Harbour.Ellis, M, Bedward, M, & Gleeson, P 2010, Yet Another Vegetation Survey Database. Version 3.2, NSW National Parksand Wildlife Service, Sydney.Fisher, M, Body, M and Gill, J 1996, ‘The Vegetation of the Coffs Harbour City Council LGA’, unpublished report toCoffs Harbour City Council.Floyd, AG 1990, Australian Rainforests in New South Wales, vols 1 & 2, Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton,Sydney.Goodall, DW 1952, Objective methods for the classification of vegetation: II Fidelity and indicator value’, AustralianJournal of Botany vol. 1 pp. 434-56.Keith, DA 2006, Ocean Shores to Desert Dunes: the native vegetation of New South Wales and the ACT.Department of Environment and Conservation (NSW), Hurstville.NSW NPWS 1999, Forest Ecosystem Classification and Mapping for the Upper and Lower North East CRA Regions,Comprehensive Regional Assessment Unit, Northern Zone, NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service,Coffs Harbour.OEH 2012a, Vegetation classification for the Northern Rivers catchment area of New South Wales, New South WalesOffice of Environment and Heritage, Coffs Harbour.OEH 2012b, NSW BioMetric Vegetation Types Database, Office of Environment and Heritage, Sydney.Tweedie, TD, Bruskin, S, Chapman, WS and Heyward, RW 1995, Flora Survey, Urunga and Coffs Harbour ManagementAreas, State Forests of New South Wales, Northern Region, Sydney.Page 406Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

APPENDIX 1: Vegetation communities mapping and classification statistics:full floristic plots, API points, ReliabilityClassNorthCoast DrySclerophyllForestMAPCODECH_DOF01CH_DOF02Short nameCoast and EscarpmentBlackbutt Dry ForestSandstone BloodwoodNeedlebark StringybarkHeathy ForestNo. of FFPlotsNo. of APIsitesReliability1Reliability2Reliability3Reliability411 221 12% 45% 39% 3%20 17 16% 24% 55% 6%CH_DOF04Hinterland NeedlebarkStringybark ScribblyGum Red Mahogany2 13 0% 25% 69% 6%CH_DOF05Foothills Grey GumIronbark Mahogany19 52 9% 21% 62% 7%CH_DOF10Foothills Spotted Gum,Mahogany, Grey Gum,Ironbark Dry Forest21 57 9% 15% 64% 12%CH_DOF06Lowlands SwampPaperbark Red GumDry Forest6 71 12% 26% 58% 4%CH_DOF07Escarpment NewEngland Blackbutt DryForest0 2 30% 30% 40% 0%CH_DOF11Northern EscarpmentMahogany Grassy DryForest0 2 0% 11% 78% 11%CH_DOF08Coastal SandBloodwood BanksiaForest5 4 45% 55% 0% 0%CH_DOF09Coast Sand BlackbuttBloodwood AppleForest2 35 31% 55% 14% 0%CoastalFloodplainWetlandsCH_FrW10Estuarine Swamp OakForest4 18 29% 28% 43% 0%CH_FrW11Estuarine PaperbarkTwig Rush Forest1 15 15% 42% 43% 0%CoastalSwampForestsCH_FrW01Coastal PaperbarkSwamp Oak FloodplainForest11 101 13% 63% 23% 1%CH_FrW02Coastal SwampMahogany Forest8 24 15% 40% 44% 2%CH_FrW03Coastal PaperbarkBottlebrush ChannelForest3 8 50% 28% 22% 0%CH_FrW04Coastal PaperbarkSedgeland Forest1 34 14% 35% 46% 5%CH_FrW05Coastal PaperbarkSwamp Box LittoralForest7 13 10% 52% 32% 6%CH_FrW06Coastal Wallum SwampMahogany PaperbarkSatinwood Forest6 16 14% 38% 43% 5%Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 407

ClassEasternRiverineForestsCoastal HeathSwampsMAPCODECH_FrW07CH_FrW08CH_FrW09Short nameRiver Oak RiparianForestPlateau Teatree WaterGum ShrublandCoastal Wallum SwampMahogany PricklyPaperbark ForestNo. of FFPlotsNo. of APIsitesReliability1Reliability2Reliability3Reliability41 3 3% 77% 21% 0%1 9 4% 39% 55% 2%4 8 23% 20% 50% 7%Coastal HeathSwampsCH_FW01CH_FW02CH_FW03CH_FW04Coastal Wallum TeatreeBanksia Wet HeathlandShrublandCoastal WallumPaperbark BanksiaGrass Tree WetHeathlandCoastal WallumLeptocarpus SedgelandCoastal WallumBaumea Sedgeland6 11 41% 45% 14% 0%7 4 4% 13% 78% 5%2 0 21% 4% 75% 0%2 3 50% 0% 50% 0%CH_FW05Coastal WallumPaperbark HeathlandWet Shrubland3 19 32% 28% 32% 9%CH_FW06CH_FW09Coastal Wallum TeatreeTall Wet ShrublandCoastal WallumFernland3 22 42% 54% 4% 0%0 0% 0% 100% 0%CoastalLagoonsCH_FW07Coastal Jointed TwigrushFreshwaterWetland2 1 25% 13% 63% 0%DerivedFreshwaterWetlandsMaritimeGrasslandsCH_FW08CH_G01CH_G02Coastal Spike RushCumbungi FreshwaterWetlandCoastal StrandlineGrasslandCoastal Grassland ofOffshore Islands3 1 18% 9% 72% 0%3 4 4% 39% 57% 0%1 0 0% 100% 0% 0%CoastalHeadlandHeathsCH_H01CH_H02CH_H03CH_H04CH_H05CH_H06CH_H07Coastal Dune BanksiaShrubland to OpenForestCoastal Dune WattleShrublandsCoastal HeadlandGrasslandsCoastal She Oak HakeaClay HeathlandCoastal Dagger HakeaClay HeathlandCoastal HeadlandBanksiaCoastal HeadlandSwamp Oak Shrublands7 23 18% 43% 38% 0%3 5 5% 66% 28% 1%7 0 29% 44% 24% 3%2 1 20% 0% 80% 0%3 0 17% 17% 33% 33%3 9 8% 83% 9% 0%1 12 46% 38% 15% 0%CoastalWallumHeathsCH_H08Coastal Sand BanksiaShe Oak Dry Heathlandto Shrubland1 1 12% 24% 65% 0%Page 408Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

ClassNorthernMontaneHeathsEscapmentrock outcropsCoolTemperateRainforestWarmTemperateRainforestDry RainforestLittoralRainforestSubtropicalRainforestLittoralRainforestMAPCODECH_H09CH_H10CH_H11CH_RF01CH_RF02CH_RF03CH_RF12CH_RF04CH_RF05CH_RF06CH_RF07CH_RF08CH_RF09CH_RF11CH_RF13Short namePlateau Teatree RockOutcrop ShrublandEscarpment TeaTree Rock OutcropWoodlandMontane Tea-tree -Coachwood ClosedForestPlateau Beech CoolTemperate RainforestPlateau BeechCoachwood Warm/CoolTemperate RainforestPlateau/EscarpmentCoachwood SassafrasWarm TemperateRainforestEscarpmentCoachwood SassafrasBrush Box SubtropicalRainforestPlateau EscarpmentHoop Pine DryRainforestFoothills Brown MyrtleDry RainforestEscarpment GreyMrytle Brush Box DryRainforestCoastal Exposed DuneLittoral RainforestCoast Headland BrushBox Littoral RainforestHinterland WhiteBooyong FloodplainRainforestEscarpment andLowland CarabeenBlack Booyong PalmGully RainforestCoastal Sheltered DuneLittoral RainforestMangroves CH_SW01 Estuarine MangroveForestSaltmarsh CH_SW02 Estuarine Twig RushSaltmarshCH_SW03 Coastal Dune SedgelandSoakCH_SW04 Coastal Dune PricklyCouch GrasslandsCH_SW05 Coastal Headland TwigRush Sedgeland SoakCH_SW06 Estuarine Sea RushSaltmarshNo. of FFPlotsNo. of APIsitesReliability1Reliability2Reliability3Reliability42 0 0% 0% 25% 75%0 1 22% 22% 56% 0%0 1 0% 22% 44% 33%1 1 100% 0% 0% 0%3 09 19 2% 57% 38% 3%16 15 3% 49% 47% 1%0 1 7% 14% 79% 0%0 1 2% 50% 42% 6%0 1 0% 27% 43% 30%4 11 13% 59% 28% 0%6 20 25% 67% 4% 4%3 0 33% 25% 42% 0%12 22 4% 40% 54% 3%9 4 68% 11% 21% 0%3 15 30% 29% 41% 0%1 4 14% 49% 38% 0%4 0 41% 0% 59% 0%4 0 75% 25% 0% 0%3 0 67% 17% 17% 0%2 7 12% 86% 2% 0%Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 409

ClassMAPCODECH_SW07Short nameEstuarine Samphire- Saltwater CouchSaltmarshNo. of FFPlotsNo. of APIsitesReliability1Reliability2Reliability3Reliability45 6 19% 33% 49% 0%NorthCoast WetSclerophyllForestCH_WSF01CH_WSF02Coast and HinterlandRiparian Flooded GumBangalow Wet ForestHinterland BlackbuttBangalow TurpentineWet Shrubby Forest22 120 6% 53% 36% 5%7 68 5% 32% 60% 2%CH_WSF03Foothills EscarpmentBlue Gum - TallowwoodWet Shrubby Forest25 58 3% 46% 47% 4%CH_WSF05Foothills to EscarpmentBrush Box TallowwoodBlackbutt Wet Forest27 34 2% 50% 45% 2%CH_WSF06CH_WSF07CH_WSF08CH_WSF09Plateau Blue Gum -Tallowwood - FloodedGum Wet ShrubbyForestPlateau andEscarpment Rim BrushBox - Blackbutt WetForestSouthern FoothillsBlackbutt TurpentineTallowwood Wet FernyForestNorthern EscarpmentBlackbutt - Apple WetFerny Forest11 67 7% 14% 76% 3%7 13 3% 31% 63% 3%22 10 14% 21% 65% 0%15 201 7% 36% 55% 3%CH_WSF10CH_WSF11Hinterland EscarpmentTallowwood BlackbuttBlue Gum Wet FernyForestFoothills Spotted GumMahogany Grey GumWet Shrubby Forest9 53 3% 24% 71% 2%2 17 5% 11% 66% 18%CH_WSF12CH_WSF13CH_WSF14CH_WSF15Coastal Sand Brush BoxCorkwood ForestDunns White Gum WetForestCoastal Headland RedGum ForestFoothills Steel BoxBrown Myrtle WetForest1 5 33% 33% 33% 0%1 1 5% 9% 77% 9%1 12 11% 78% 11% 0%4 5 11% 20% 44% 25%CH_WSF16Escarpment WhiteMahogany WetShrubby Forest0 4 8% 8% 76% 8%CH_WSF17Foothills Grey Gum -Tallowwood - IronbarkMoist Shrubby Forest13 53 10% 16% 61% 13%CH_WSF18Escarpment NewEngland Blackbutt WetFerny Forest2 2 5% 19% 77% 0%Page 410Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

APPENDIX 2: Other Vegetation CommunitiesCode Short Name Formation Class DescriptionCH_EX01 Bitou bush Derived ExoticvegetationAreas mapped as monocultures of Bitou Bush (Chrysanthemoidesmonilifera subsp. rotundata). Only three areas mapped as such inthe study area and they are found at Look-at-Me-Now Headland(Moonee Nature Reserve) and Sandy Beach. All other occurrences ofBitou throughout the study area are indicated as a disturbance codewithin near coastal floristic communities.CH_EX02CamphorlaurelDerivedExoticvegetationLarge single trees or dense stands of Camphor Laurel (Cinnamomumcamphora) are mapped where the species is largely or completelydominant. The distribution is characteristically small remnantpatches that are linked strongly to rural valley floors, urban andsemi urban landscapes. Areas mapped as Camphor laurel maycontain elements of the remnant floristic community, commonlythe COAST AND HINTERLAND RIPARIAN FLOODED GUM BANGALOWWET FOREST (CH_WSF01) or the HINTERLAND WHITE BOOYONGFLOODPLAIN RAINFOREST (CH_RF09).CH_EX03ExoticvegetationDerivedExoticvegetationExotic vegetation may refer to small to medium remnant patches ofnon-native vegetation as well as commercial horticultural farms suchas bananas and blueberries. Distribution is linked with rural valleyfloors, commercial horticultural farms and derived urban/semi-urbanlandscapes.CH_EX04 Lantana Derived ExoticvegetationCH_EX05 Privet Derived ExoticvegetationCH_MV01 Seagrass beds Marine MarinevegetationLantana (Lantana camara) is mapped where its dominance couldbe delineated by remote sensing interpretation. Lantana is verycommon and widespread throughout the LGA and thus morecommonly identified as disturbance in other floristic communities.This mapping unit’s distribution is comparatively smaller as itrequires dominance of Lantana over a significant area.Only small isolated occurrences of Privet (Ligustrum lucidum,Ligustrum sinense) dominated creek lines are mapped. Privet occursmore commonly as a disturbance factor in floristic communities.Maritime seagrass beds have been captured by Department ofPrimary Industries. Additional polygons were delineated in thisstudy where known to be different from the DPI map. Mappedoccurrences in this study are restricted to Hearnes Lake but seagrassbeds are known to occur elsewhere in the LGA.CH_NP01AcaciapioneersDerivedNativepioneerNNon-native and derived native stands of Acacia spp weredelineated for this unit. Commonly recorded species included GreenWattle (Acacia irrorata) and Blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon). Othercolonising native and non-native species are also mapped as partof this unit. Typical species may include Tobacco Bush (Solanummauritianum), Willow Bottlebrush (Callistemon salignus), SwampBox (Lophostemon suaveolens), Black Wattle (Callicoma serratifolia),various paperbark species and common exotic weeds. This unitwas only mapped where a dominance of native pioneer specieswere identified by the interpreters. Distribution is linked stronglywith rural valley floors, plateau farm land, urban and semi urbanenvironments.CH_NRV01NativeremnantvegetationNativeremnantvegetationNativeremnantvegetationThis unit mostly captures small to medium sized remnants of nativevegetation dominated by native species that cannot be assigned toa floristic community due to size, disturbance and fragmentation.Distribution linked strongly to cleared urban and rural landscapesbut also includes remnant native tree lines within forest plantationareas.Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area Page 411

Code Short Name Formation Class DescriptionCH_P01 Plantation -native speciesDerived Plantation Forestry or other plantations where native species have beenplanted for harvesting. Areas vary from monocultures of commercialnative species planted on former cleared farming country to forestedareas which have been modified to varying extents by plantingof harvestable species. Typically these species are Flooded Gum(Eucalyptus grandis) or Coastal Blackbutt (Eucalyptus pilularis) butother species may occur. These areas have been established andmaintained using a variety of silvicultural practices.CH_P02 Plantation -exotic/pinespeciesCH_P03EnvironmentalplantingsDerived Plantation This unit captures forestry plantations created from non-nativespecies such as Radiata Pine (Pinus radiata) and Slash Pine (Pinuselliottii). Distribution is mainly within Barcoongere State Forest butother smaller occurrences are spread throughout the LGA.Derived Plantation This unit is contains completely derived stands of native or nonnativespecies that reflects a landuse for native regenerationpurposes. The floristic composition of this unit typically does notwarrant a community allocation. Common examples includehighway construction replanting, rural windbreaks, roadsideplantings, and volunteer group regeneration plantings.Page 412Vegetation Mapping of the Coffs Harbour Local Government Area

VOLUME 2: Vegetation Community Profiles - Coffs Harbour City ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?